DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBR.\RY - ^ ■ i, . . % V i i : . C^ t ) ‘V.-- Who is Who in and from Ohio ■# A HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE SKETCHES OF THOSE WHO HAVE HELPED TO BUILD UP THE COMMONWEALTH The Book of Ohio ILLUSTRATING THE GROWTH OF HER RESOURCES, INSTITUTIONS AND INDUSTRIES VOL. II QUEEN CITY PUBLISHING COMPANY CINCIXXATI, OHIO 1912 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/whoiswhoinfromoh02cinc THE BOOK OF OHIO A CONTENTS CHAPTER XVI. PAGE Manufacturing in Ohio 6.50 The Old National Road in Ohio 671 CHAPTER XYH. Transportation 679 CHAPTER XVIII. Gas and Oil Industry 795 CHAPTER XIX. Ohio's Governors 729 Allen, W 745 Bartley, Thomas W 734 Bebb, William 734 Brough, John 739 Brown, E.A 731 Bushnell, Asa 751 Campbell, J. E 748 Chase, Salmon P 737 Corwin, Thomas 734 Cox, J. D . .. 740 Dennison, William 738 Foraker, Joseph B 747 Ford, S 734 Foster, Charles 746 Harmon, Judson . . 754 Harris, Andrew L 753 Hayes, R. B 740 Herrick, Myron T 752 Hoadley, George 747 Huntington, .Samuel 730 Lucas, R 732 McArthur, D 732 McKinley, William 748 Meigs, Return J., Jr 730 Nash, George K 752 Noyes, E. F ; 745 Pattison,' John M 753 Shannon, W 733 Tiffin, Edward 7.29 Tod, David 738 Trimble, A 732 Vance, J 733 Wood, R ■ 734 Worthington, Thomas 731 CHAPTER XX. The City of Cleveland 755 The Ohioans in the .Spanish- American War. . . 794 Reminiscences of Early Days in Cleveland. . . . 799 Early Days in Crawford County 802 Adam and Andrew Poe’s thrilling Experiences with Indians 808 The Great Seal of Ohio 811 CHAPTER XXI. The City of Cincinnati 815 Presidents from Ohio 857 Garfield, James A 862 Grant, Uh'sses S 858 Harrison, Benjamin 865 Harison, William Henry 857 Hayes, Rutherford B 862 McKinlev, William 866 Taft, William H 867 CHAPTER XXII. The City of Toledo 869 A Retrospect of Lucas County in Early Daj’s. . 898 CHAPTER XXIII. The City of Columbus 917 Progress of Ohio 941 CHAPTER XXIV. The City of Dayton 961 Steubenville 992 Ohio Societies 999 Ohio Commandery Loyal Legion 1011 The Military Forces of Ohio 1015 The Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station. .. . 1020 Who is Who in and from the State of Ohio .... 1025 CHAPTER XVI. ILLUSTRATIONS — MANUFACTURING . Akron Sewer Pipe Company’s Works 649 Akron China Works 651 Austin Powder Works 668 Barney Smith’s Car Works, Dayton 671 Brier Hill Furnaces 671 Chase Piano Factory, Norwalk 658 Cleveland .Stone Co.’s Grindstone Works 652 Dalzell Glass Factory 674 Davis .Sewing Machine Works 676 Dueber-Hampden Watch Works 672 Elevator Bucket Dredge 660 Fire Brick Works, Portsmouth 659 Findlay Cla}' Pottery 675 Ford Glass Works 659 Ford Glass Works, Interior of 659 Goodrich Rubber Works, Akron 650 Hamden Watch Works 658 Hanging Rock Furnace 655 Harter Flour IMills 664, 674 and 675 Heisey Glass Works, Newark 658 Hill Sewer Pipe Company, Akron 650 Lorain Steel Co.’s Works 672 and 673 Lorain Steel Co.’s Dock 678 Making Salt at Pomeroy 663 IManufacturing Plant 652 Marion Steam Shovel Company = 675 Middletown IManufacturing Plant 665 National Steel Co.’s Plant, Youngstown 656 National Cash Register Views, Dayton 666, 667, 668 and 668 Ohio Foundry Company’s Views. . 656, 657 and 660 Ohio Flint Glass Works 673 Ohio Steel Plant, Youngstown 676 Plant of India Rubber Company 650 Pottery of Knowles, Ta\4or & Knowles 667 Proctor & Gamble Soap Works 664 and 665 Robinson .Sewer Pipe Co.’s Plant 655 Republic Iron & Steel Co.’s Plant 657 Sear’s Canning Factory 674 Sewer Pipe Works 651 .Steel Mills. Youngstown 662 .Star Soap Factory 676 Tile Work=. Akron 651 and 654 Tile Roofing Works 663 Weller’s Potterj- 655 Werner’s Plant, Akron 652 Yellow Poplar Lumber Co.’s Plant 670 CHAPTER XVII. TRANSPORTATION. "Annie Laurie’’ in Docks 689 Baldwin Type of Locomotives 697 Big Four Six Wheel Switcher 698 Bowerston Tunnel 682 B. & O. Elevator. Sandusky 699 Brooks Consolidated Freight Engine 697 Canal and Big Four Railway, near hliamis- burg '. 684 Cedar Point 699 Chair Car 696 C. . G. & P. Railroad 704 Clover Leaf Bridge, over Maumee 695 . Coal Train on Hocking \'alley Railroad 692 Coal Handling Plant. Toledo 700 Consolidated Freight Engine 697 Dining Car 696 Electric Car 704 First Railroad in Northwest Territory 680 Freight Boat, Ohio River 691 Hocking Valley A'iews 681, 683, 688 and 702 Hotel on National Pike 703 Hulet Ore I'nloader 689 Ironton, from Kentucky .Shore 691 Lake Shore \’iews 689, 690 and (>98 Lake Steamer 682 Lockland Canal Dry Docks (i91 Miami River, near Franklin 684 Ohio Canal at Tuscarawas 679 Ohio Central Bridge, Point Pleasant 704 Ohio Central Railway Crossing Ohio River. .. . 694 Ore Train at Conneaut 686 Parlor Car 696 Pennsylvania Railroad Engine 697 Railroad Bridge Across the Ohio 700 Scene on Norfolk and Western (i90 State Repair Boat, Hocking Canal 703 Steamer Frank E. Kirby (i8S Tunnel at Arion 699 L^nion Depot, Dayton (i83 Wheeling & Lake Erie Engine 698 Wild Turkey Lock, near Coshocton 687 Zanesville & Ohio Railroad 695 Z. & O. Railwaj- Train 703 CHAPTER XVIII. GAS .\ND OIL INDUSTRY. Bishop Oil Field, Woodsfield 710 Burning Oil Tank 722 and 724 Derrick \’iew 70S Filling a Torpedo 711 In the Oil Fields 716 Jackson Ridge Oil Fields 706 ^Manhattan Oil Refinery 712 Nitro-Glycerine Factory 719 Nitro-Glycerine Well Shooters 724 Off Tower on Leverton Farm 719 Oil Derricks in Suburbs of Lima 711 Oil Derricks near Lima 721 Oil Lease ^'iew 70S Oil Loading at Oil Refinery 718 Oil Pumping Station 70S Oil Refining 'Xhew 725 Oil Tank Afire, near Lima 724 Oil Wells Being Pumped by Rods 705 Oil Wells on Private Lease 725 Panoramic View in Wood County 720 Power House in Oil Field 70S Pulling Casing of an Oil Well 722 Reservoir Pumping Station 723 Sandusky River, near Tiffin 726 .Scio Oil Field 707 Shooting an Oil Well 714 and 723 Solar Refiner3' 714 and 715 Standard Oil Company’s Tank Farm 712 Standard Oil Company’s Building 712 Tank Farm, near Lima 711 Tank Farm Mews 727 CHAPTER XIX. OHIO’S GOVERNORS. Battle of Lake Erie 732 Campus, O. S. U 734 Canal at iMansfield 747 Cincinnati Views 749 Cincinnati in L803 745 Cincinnati in 1901 738 and 739 Court House Riot, Cincinnati 733 Dudley’s Battle Ground 733 Earthworks of Prehistoric People, Newark. . . . 751 Eden Park Reservoir 732 Entrance Gordon Park, Cleveland 747 Experiment Station, Cedar Point 747 Fallen Timbers, Battlefield : 745 Falls of Black River , 751 First Capital of Ohio 734 First House in Dayton 746 First Roman Catholic Church 746 Fort Ancient ' •, 737 Glacial Grooves, Kelley’s Island 747 Gorge, Cuyahoga River 748 Harris, Andrew L 753 Herrick, IMyron T 752 In Wade Park, Cleveland 746 Island Queen 744 Landing, Put-in-Bay 748 IMa]) of Ohio, in 18’21 730 IMonuraent of Fort Washington 731 Nash. George K 730 Ohio’s Seal 730 Ohio State Penitentiary 740 Ohio .State Observatory 737 Oldest IMap of Ohio 731 Old Woodward, Cincinnati 740 On the IMuskingum 737 Pleasure Yachts, Rocky River 746 Prehistoric Earth Works, Newark, Ohio 739 Schofield Building, Cleveland 741 .School Building, Lebanon 743 School House. Glendale 743 Sherman's Tomb, iMansfield 734 .Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati 738 .Squirrel Hunters at Cincinnati 732 State Capitol 730 .Supreme Court Building 748 Tiffin, Edward 729 \’iew at Put-In-Bay 751 \’icw of Cincinnati 73.5 CHAPTER XX. CITY OF CLEVELAND. Arcade 757 and 775 American Trust Building 765 Austin Powder Works. 785 Baltimore K Chio Depot 776 Bolton Avenue 799 Boulevard 775 and 802 Brush, Chas. F. Residence 807 Case School of Applied Science 778 Calvary Church 787 Central Armory 770 Central High School 780 Central Police Station 775 Central 5'iaduct 772 Chamber of Commerce 771 Chandler, T. H., Residence 808 City Hall 768 THE BOOK OF OHIO CONTEXTS Continued. Cit y I lospiuil Cl(.-v(.-laii(l atid Ohio Cilk-s in Ivcirly Days Clc-vclaml, in iNd.'i Ck-vt-land llarl)or Cl(.-vi-land School of Art Corning, Mrs. W'amn II., Residence Coal Docks UdKcwater Park Honle\ard Hnipire Theatre Ivn.yiiie House Xo. 20 I'intrance to hirie Slri-et Ceineter\’ I'intranye to Wtide Park Hntrance Riverside CeineLers' Ivpworlh Memorial, M. li. C'hnrch Ivnclid Ax'enne Ks'eretl, S. T. Residence I'irsl liapl isl Church h'i\e Points h'lats from P'ranklin Street h'leneh, Jidins I']., Residence ("dohe Iron Works (lordon Park X’iews Till, 711.'), 71Hi, 7117, .sun, ,s(!i, .sui ami mk;. C.iiilford House I larhor, \’iew I lal I'll I,ihrar>' Hanna, Marcus, Residence Herrick, M\ron '1',, Residence IlickoN Pnildin.ic Historical SocielN' Hnildin.u 1 lolel I lollendcn Ice Yacht "(dK-e Whiz” 7Mi 7.7.') 7(>) 71)9 7NS .SOI 791 ,S02 7(12 7 ) .) 7SS 7S2 .SOI 79:; 7.') 7 soil 7. SO 7.')() 7S1 7 ) 799, 7SI 7(i;i 770 SOS so,') 770 779 702 7.S,') Jewish Temple Lake p'ronl Cake Shore Railwas' Hridite Lakeside Hos])ital I,ake\iew Ccmelerv Lake \'iew Park Lenno.x Hnildinit Lincoln Park Mamifacl urin.t; I )istricl Market Ilonsi' Masonic Temple Momimenl Sqntire New Kn.nland Hnildin.u' Xorlhland in tlu- Docks Xorton, I), y... Residence ( )ld Carter Homestead ( )ld Convent ( )ld Li.i^lht I louse Ore Docks Passen.yer Slcanu-r ” X^orl hwesl” Peck's Residence 79 :; SI2 7s;; 792 7S9 and S0;i 7S1 701 79.') 70-1 700 770 7.')S 701 77 s .SOD 7S.') 77s 772 79S 791 Pcrr\' Paiiu- liuildin.i;' 701 Perry's Moimmcnt 790 Pilyrim's Clmrch 7.S1 Posl-Ollice 700 Public Sipiare in lS.';i) 707 R;il)p, Hisho]) 779 Revenne Cutler. Henry O. Gresham 7s:; Rice, W. L . Ri'sidence .SIO Riverside Cemetery 7S9 Roadside- C'Inbhonse 7SS Rockefeller, John D., City Residence 811 Rockefeller, John D., Sulnirhan Residence. ... 811 Rose Bnildiny 7.')9 Salvation .\rin\- 7S0 ShcrilT St reel Marki-l House 771 Society for Savin.ys Building 709 .Soldiers' and S.'iilors’ Monument 70S .South High .School. 777 St. Bridget t 's Cal liolic School 7S7 .St. John'. Catlu-dral 781 St. I’ctcr's Church 779 Ste-anu-r ''Coralia” 7S0 Sui)crior .Slree-t . from Square 7.')0 .Sui)crior Street, looking Itast from X'iaduct. . . . 700 Tripple Hitch 7S9 I'niversity Private .School 7s:; L'rsuline Convent 7.S7 Wade Park. Driveway S03 Wade Park, showing Perry's Monument 797 Wade, J. H., Residence StlO Walhonding River, near Coshocton Sid Weddell Homestead 7S1 Whiskey Island C)re Dock 7.')'.( White, W. J.. Residence Stio Williamson Buildin.g 708 Woman’s College 777 Yacht Comanche 7S0 Y. M. C. .-K. Building 70.5 CHAPTl'iR XXL CITY OK CINC1XN..\TI, OHIO. Art Museum 827 Art Aluseum, Stairway 889 .Atlas Bank Building 823 Bandstand, Zoo 849 Bellevue Inclined Plane 845 Birdeye Yiew of Cincinnati 819 Blymeyer Building 847 Bodemer, William, Residence 839 Busy Corner, h'ifth and Walnut .Streets 829 BidTalo at Zoo 855 Careu' Building 828 Canal .Scene at Lockland 830 Chamber of Commerce Building 822 Chesapeake iX Ohio Railroad Bridge 827 Children’s Home 828 C., II. X' D. Depot 837 Chapel at Spring Grox'c 831 Cincinnati from Covington in Karly Days 810 Cincinnati in 1853 817 City Hall. . 821 City Hos])ital 835 Cincinnati M'orkhouse 850 Clifton venue, Clifton 830 Daily Canal .Scene 855 Drix'eway in Kden Park 850 Hden Park Reservoir 840 Ivighth and Mound .Street .S_\’nago,gue 852 Klsinore Towi-r 853 Hntrance to ( takley Race Track 850 Hnlrance to the Zoological Gardens 851 Ksi)lanade Ff)untain 825 I'irsl Hnglish Lutheran Church 848 I'ort Washington 810 lL)urth and Walnut, Looking South 839 h'onrth .Street, Looking West 849 Glimpse of Cincinnati Hillside 841 Globe Wernicke P'actorics 829 Harrison, \Yilliam Henr\-, Monument 837 Hamilton County Court House 843 Hughes High .School (Old) 837 Interior Music Hall 849 John Shillito Comi)any 835 Lane .Seminary, Walnut Hills 852 Lombardy Building 829 Louisville iX Nashville Railroad Bridge 843 Mabley X Carew Building .834 Methodist Book Concern Building 824 Miami P.uilding 831 Mount Adams, from Newport 814 Mount Adams Inclined Plane 845 Mount Auburn Presbyterian Church 849 Monument in Lincoln Park 847 Observatory, Mount Lookout 842 Odd Fellows Tcm])le 833 Ohio National Gtiard Armory 834 Ohio River at Trautman .Station 838 Old Gevermnent Building 824 ( )ld Ladies’ Home 851 Old Pioneer Home near Price Hill 853 Palace Hotel 823 Passenger .Steamer on the Ohio 854 Pickering Building 821 Pioneer \'icw of Cincinnati 817 Post-Oflice and Custom House 829 Public Library 825 Race Street. Looking North 844 .Sanitarium, College Ilill 842 Scottish Rite Cathedral 848 .‘■tecond Presbyterian Church 844 Si)ring Grove Cemetery 855 St. Francis Hosj.iital 850 St. Xavier College 824 .Steamer Sherlock 820 .Street Car .Slioi)s 840 .Sus])ension Bridge 840 Suspension Bridge Entrance 848 Tyler Davidson F'ountain 839 V . .S. Cast Iron Pipe & F'oundry Company. . . . 847 I'nion .Savings & Trust Building 832 A’iew from Skyscraper, Looking .Southeast 818 \'iew from .Skyscraper, Looking Northeast. . . . 819 Washington Park and Music Hall 829 Wilshire Building 823 Wiborg, F. B., Residence 843 Y. M. C. A. Building 844 PRESIDENTS FROM OHIO. Birthplace of Benjamin Harrison 895 Campus, Ohio State University 89.8 City Hall, Cincinnati 893 Dress Parade, Ohio Military Institute 897 Entrance to Fort Ancient S9G Garfield, James A Stil Grant, U. .S S58 Grant, U. S., Tomb 858 Harrison, Benjamin 892 Harrison, William H 858 Harrison, William H., Tomb 862 Hayes, Rutherford B 891 Law Library, Supreme Court of Ohio 865 McKinley, William 862 Monuments in Cincinnati 891 Ohio Alechanics’ Institute, Cincinnati .859 Ohio Military Institute, Cincinnati 8fi6 Taft, William H 857 The Fountain, Cincinnati 8(i2 CHAPTER XXII. CITY OF TOLEDO. Along River F'rcnt 880 Barbour & .Star Lumber Yard 874 and 905 Bee Building 892 Blade Building 872 Blue Point 897 Central High School Building 885 Central Savings Bank 875 Chenev Medicine Coni])any 874 C., LI.'& D. Itlevator 890 Christian .Science Church 899 City Park 903 Country Club 880 Collingwood Hall 891 Collingvvood Avenue 892 Detwiler Building 876 Dow & Snell Company 877’ Dredge from A’ulcan Iron Works 883 Dredging Maumee River 898 East .Side Iron Elevator 889 Ford Glass Works 887 and 888 Fort Industry Block 879 Gendron Wheel Comiiany 874 Hocking A’alley Railway Docks 902 Hocking A'alley Railw'ay Ore Handling Plants. 913 In Early Days, looking down .St. Clair Street. . 870 La.Salle & Koch Co 875 Libbey Glass Works 884 Maumee Rolling Mills 888 Modern Iron Ore Carrier 898 Modern Street Car 902 Nasby Building 872 National Malleable Castings Company 914 National Milling Company 890 "Neosho” Steamer 882 Old Ladies’ Home 897 Old Lucas County Jail 887 Old Revenue Cutter "Michigan” 87.3 Ottawa Oark Scenes. . . . 901, 904, 907, 908 and 909 Park .Scene 901 Presque Isle 903 Public Library 885 Ri\ erside Park Scenes 905 and 906 Rossford, from C. H. & D. Ry 915 Rossford Street 945 Sailing on Lake Erie 899 Schmitt Block 879 Steedman Monument 869 St. Patrick’s Church 899 .St. Paul’s M. E. Church 891 Suburban Electric Line 883 Suburban Vineyard 909 Swan Creek, Scene on 904 Times Building 876 Toledo Automobile Factory 883 Toledo Glass Works 887 Toledo Llarbor 881 Toledo State Flosiiital 894 S. Government Building 811 Ihiivcrsity Club 896 A’alentine Theatre, Interior 900 View of Toledo, Looking West 870 Walding, Kinnon & Marving Building 872 Walbridge Park .Scenes. .892, 908, 911, 912 and 913 Walbridge Park, Conservatory 911 Walbridge Park, Driveway in 910 W'albridge Park, Pavilion 910 Waterworks 882 Woodlawn Cemetery, .Scenes 898, 900, 908, 909, 912 and 913 Woolson Spice Mills 871 Yachts at Anchor 873 Yacht "Juanita” 886 Yacht "Sultana” 882 Yachting on Lake Eric 881 CHAPTER XXIII. CITY OF COLUMBUS. Auditorium 930 Birdseye View from Great Southern Hotel, . . . 918 Board of Trade Building . 928 Broad Street, Looking West 939 Broad .Street M. E. Church 936 Central Ohio Paper Company 927 Chittenden Hotel 934 City Park, Entrance 921 Congregational Church 936 Countrv Club 937 Eberly Block 924 First National Bank, Interior 930 Fountain in Franklin Park 935 Gay and South Streets 930 Goodale Park 922 Great Southern Hotel 918 Hartman Building 919 Hayden Building 926 High Street, Looking North 917 Hosier Block 920 Kilbourne, James, Residence 934 THE BOOK OF OHIO. C Looking South from State House 919 McAllister, Mohler & Co 923 Monypeny, Hammond Company 925 Neil House 929 Old Presbyterian Church 933 Old Hayden Homestead 939 Spahr Building 933 Starling Medical Company 927 State Fair \'iew 935 Town Street, Looking West 931 Town Street, Looking East 931 Town vStreet Church 93S Lmion Passeirger Station, Entrance 920 Lh S. Barracks 929 and 937 Wesley Chapel 93G Wholesale Row 923 Wyandotte Building 916 Wyandotte Grove ■. 932 Wyandotte Grove, Spring 932 V. IM. C. A. Building 92S PROGRESS OF OHIO. A Boat Load of Lumber 947 A Part of Youngstown 955 Beautiful \4ew of Mahoning River 951 Cincinnati University 942 Concrete Arch under Miami Canal 951 Cuyahoga Falls 945 Early Chillicothe. . 953 East Wall of Fort Ancient 94S Fifth-Third National Bank, Cincinnati 945 First Concrete Skyscraper, Cincinnati 946 Fort Ancient Scene 949 High Street, Columbus 955 Home of The Union Central Life Insurance Company, Cincinnati 941 Hughes High School, Cincinnati 943 Light Mouse, near Cedar Point 948 Natural Bridge across the Ohio River 95S Old Fireplace 941 On vSpring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati 953 Passenger Boat on the Ohio River 957 Promenade, Put-In-Bay 949 Put-In-Bay Scene 954 Racoon River 960 School House, Bryan, Ohio 94S Soldiers’ Monument, Portsmouth, Ohio 953 Steamer on the Ohio 950 Technical School, U. of C 950 Tow Boat 947 L". S. Playing Card Company, Nonvood, O. . . . 959 Western German Bank Building, Cincinnati, Ohio ' 945 Woodward High School, Cincinnati 943 CONTENTS— Continued. CHAPTER XXIV. CITY OF DAYTON. An Old l^lill 975 Beckel Building 982 Birds Eye \'iew of Dayton 966 and 974 Boulevard, Looking North 987 Callahan Bank Building i)67 Central District .School 965 City Building 967 Corner Fourth and IMain Streets 1)62 Dayton, Panoramic \'iew 969 Deaconess Hospital 979 Dickey House 963 Eighth District School Building 980 Fifth Street, Looking East 968 First Presbyterian Church 977 First U. B. Church 976 Hotel Atlas 971 K. K. Bnai Yeshurn 972 Ludlow Street and Monument Avenue 984 Lutheran Church 973 Main Street Views 962, 965 and 970 Main Street, Fire Hall 973 jM. E. Church. Fourth and Ludlow 977 M. E. Grace Church 976 Monument Avenue, Looking West 970 National IMilitary Home Scenes, 976, 978,986 and 989 Old Union Depot 964 Oldest Building in Dayton 985 Phillips House . 969 Pioneer I'iew of Main Street 961 Post-Office Building 964 Presbyterian Church 977 and 980 Public Library 978 Reybold Building 964 River Front, Along Miami 983 Ridgeway Flats 986 Sacred Heart Church 973 Second Street, Looking West 988 .Street Corner, Fifth and Jefferson 975 St. Elizabeth Hospital 979 ^’ictoria Theatre 975 W. C. A. Building 989 Widow’s Home 972 Woodlawn Cemetery 972 Y. IM. C. A. Building 967 STEUBENVILLE, O. Carnegie Library 992 Half-lMoon Farm, near Steubenville 991 High School 993 Bridge Across Ohio, Steubenville 993 Steubenville in 1905 995 Water Works, Steubenville 992 OHIO SOCIETIES. A Part of Cincinnati 1006 Coal Fleet on the Ohio River 1006 Eden Park, Cincinnati 1001 Entrance Eden Park, Cincinnati 1003 General View of Cincinnati City Hospital 1010 In Burnet Woods, Cincinnati 1008 Intake Pier, Cincinnati W'ater Works 998 Landing of the Pioneers, Cincinnati 1008 Aliisic Hall, Cincinnati 999 Natural Bridge, Spring Grove, Cincinnati 1000 Observatory, University of Cincinnati 1012 Old Hughes High School, Cincinnati 1002 Old Maids Kitchen, Cuyahoga Falls 1002 Park \’iew, IMansfield lOiKI Pleasure Craft on the Rocky River, Cleveland. 1009 River Pumping Station, Cincmnati Water Works 90S Steamboat Ways, Cincinnati 1003 OHIO COMIIANEERY OF THE MILITARY ORDER OF THE LOYAL LEGION OF THE UNITED STATES, THE MILITARY FORCES OF OHIO. A Picturesque Inclined Plane 1017 A Relic of the \'irgin Forest, Cuyahoga Falls . . 1016 Building Gun Boats on the Ohio River 1016 Court House, Lebanon, Ohio, in 1835 1018 Hamilton County Court House 1017 Headquarters U. C. T 1014 Johnson’s Island Monument 1012 Old Log Cabin, Warren County 1012 Residence of Archbishop Lloeller, Cincinnati . . 1013 Sunset on Lake Erie 1019 Troop B., Ohio National Guard 1015 THE OHIO agricultural EXPERIMENT STATION. A Heavy Load on the Ohio River 1022 Court House, Warren, Ohio 1023 Fort Ancient 1022 Home of Clinton ivlorse, London, Ohio 1024 On Opposite Hill from Fort Ancient 1023 On the Shores of Lake lirie 1022 State Hospital. Massillon 1021 Suspension Bridge, Cincinnati. Ohio 1024 WHO IS WHO IN and from OHIO. A page Abert, Wm. S 1026 Adams, J. C 1026 Adler, Eugene 1026 Alburn, J. A 1027 Allaback, John N 1213 Allen, H. W 1192 Allen, J. B 1160 Allread, J. 1 1027 Alsdorf, W. W 1160 Ambler R. S 1027 Anderson, C. C 1161 Anderson, O. P 1099 Anderson, Thos. H 1028 Anderson, Wm. S 1028 Ankele, J. M 1161 Arbuckle, S. C 1192 Arras E. F 1099 Ashford, P. M 1028 Atherton C. R 1099 Atkins, H. T 1100 Ault, L. A 1100 Austin, L. L. H 1236 B Babst, Daniel 1029 Bader, Fred 1161 Baer, Henry 1029 Bake, O. M 1192 Baker Art Gallery 1100 Barber, E. L 1101 Barber, O. C 1101 Barker, C. E 1101 Bartholomew Clifton School 1243 Bartley, Dan 1213 Battelle, J. G 1102 Baxter, F. E 1162 Beatty, A. W 1162 Beatty, W. G 1237 Beis, G. C 1029 Belt, H. D 1199 Bendinger, J. A 1222 Benedict, L 1162 Beming, W. J 1103 Bernard, L. G 1102 Bertram, F 1030 Bingham, J. M 1162 Bisser, Chas. W 1102 Bissinger’s 1103 Blair. J. T 1163 Bliss, J. P 1229 Blystone, M. E 1163 Bonham Scott 1030 Booth, Henry L 1214 Bowland, W. G 1163 Boyle, J 1103 Bradford, W. S 1163 Brandon, C. W 1104 Brandt, U. S 1030 Brennan. W. F 1164 Brickell, W, D 1104 Brinkerhoff, R 1193 Brodrick, J. M 1031 Brookfield, C 1104 Brown, J. A 1 164 Brown W. F 1031 Bruce, J. E 1031 Brumbaugh, C. L 1032 Bryan, E. B 1105 Buckingham 1105 Buechner, W. L 1199 Burgess, P 1237 Burk, J. W 1105 Burkett D. Van Buren 1199 Burkhart, E. E 1033 Buscher, A. J 1164 Bush, H. M 1214 Byers, J. P 1165 c Caine, A. C 1238 Calderhead W. A 1033 Caldwell, J. A 1033 Callender, S. D 1257 Calvert, T. L 1165 Cameron. I. B 1165 Campbell, B. W 1106 Campbell, J. C 1229 Cap]ieller, W. S 1106 Carlisle, J. F 1034 Carpenter, W. B IKK) Catrow, H. G 1193 Cetone, G. K 1233 Chamberlain, B. W 1214 Chamberlain, G. H 1035 Cherrington, J. S 1175 Chester, J. J 1035 Children’s Home 1247 Chubb, E. W 1252 Cincinnati Reduction Co 1106 Cincinnati \'eterinarv College 1252 Cist, U.M ■ 1036 Clark, A. J 1216 Clark, C. C 1107 Clark, J. H 1037 Clark, J. R 1107 Clark, J. W 1200 Clevenger, F, M 1037 Cochran, Wm. C 1037 Cogan, Thomas J 1038 Cole, J. 2.1 1038 College of IMusic 1244 Comegys, W. H 1217 Concannon, D. P 1166 Conrov, J. W 1038 Conwell, C. B 1166 Corbin, H. C 1215 Cordray, A. T 1038 Cotner, J., Jr 1107 Cos, J. M 1166 Crawford, E. A 1166 Creamer, D. S 1167 Crouse, Geo. W 1229 Crouse, IM. 1247 Crowell, J. S 1108 Culkins, W. C 1109 I) THE BOOK OF OHIO. CONTENTS “Continued. Cushing, \V I()!(7 Cutaiar. J, (iliio, .School of Music 124.5 D Darbv, Thomas H 105(1 Darby, \V. N ...1110 1 (arrow, 15 ... 1255 Daugiicrty, II. M ... 1050 David, \V. I ...1045 1 (avis, 11. D ... 1 25() Davy, J. ...1050 Dawson, John ... 1041 1 (awson, J. M 1010 1 (can, Thos. A 1 1 07 Deaton, S, .S 1010 Dc Leone, F. H 1225 Denman, D. G 1045 I (eniiing, 1’. 11 1110 1 (eiu er, M 1 104 Devanney, J. ^V 1045 1 (evannev, M 1110 DeWee.se, II. 1107 DeWitl, J. D 1044 I (ick, Chas.. ■. 1044 Dick, L. C 1110 1 (ickson, \\L L 1045 Dieball, Iv. F 1217 Diehl, N 1104 Diehm, 1‘. J 1111 1 del/., Conrad 1111 1 (iiismore, h'. h' 1045 1 (onalnu', M . 1 1 1045 1 (oniK'lly, 1 larry 1111 Dornelle, J., Jr 1 lO.S Dot he, 1'. 'll.’. 1112 Dow, Duncan 1040 Drake, M. D 1200 Drinkle, 11. C 11 OS Dnrr, 1>. \V 1112 Duval. M. X 1040 E ICgan, J. F: 1040 Ividred.ge, C. W 1245 Lillis, Alston 1251 Fllis, W. 11 1040 Hnua-ick, F. J 1201 Frkenbrecher, .4 1112 Fsswein, S. A 1115 Fnans, Farl W' 1201 Fvaiis, 'I'lios. L 1 lOS Fwing, Hugh 1047 Fwing, Thos 1047 Fyman, 11. C 1100 F L'annin.u. IL M 1217 Fairbanks. N. II 1115 Felton, J. C 1114 l''er,gnM)n, li. A 104.S F'erree, Newton 1100 L'inckel, Geo. M 1114 Finley, W. L 1111 First Natiotial Bank of Hamilton 1114 L'isher, \V. II 1115 Fit/gerald, \V. >S 1040 F'oote, A. R 1115 F'ord, Collin 1 250 F'oster, C. Ivl 1110 L'ni/ier, A. A 1050 Frazier, L. B 1150 Finch, A, N 1110 French, H. B 1110 Frey, F. H 1225 Friiiman, Win. M 1150 Inillington. LL M 1170 G Gale, A. F: 1170 Galvin. Tohn 1 151 Garber, H. C 1151 Garrard, J 1052 C'Tayhart, W, C 1217 Gcorgi, R. C 1257 Gerlach, F. C 1175 Gianque, F 1052 Gibson. F. F 1201 Gilbert , Win 1117 Gilchrist, R. W 1117 Gillett, iM 1110 Goebel, 11. P 1054 Goeke, T. Henrv 1052 Goetz, j. Jr Ills Gordin, F. S 1170 Clordon, H. I, 1054 Gorman, F'. IM 1054 Golhlin, ((. R 1171 Gottsdiall 1054 Gonlder, II 1055 Granger, M. M 1055 Greve, C. T 1050 Grosvenor, Chas. H 1050 Guard, W. L 1171 Gnilbert, W. D 1254 H Haas, Win. FI 1171 Flafner, F. A 1057 Hahn, Win. M 1250 Hall, J. A 1201 Hall, R. B 1202 Handinan, Chas. W 1172 Hannaford, S 1227 Hammerlc, A. R 1228 Hanson, J. T 1202 Harding, W. G 1110 Hanley, Thos. J 1259 Harris. A. L 1258 Harrison, R. A 1119 Hart, A .' 1057 HartkolT, C. R 105S Haskell, W. C 1172 Hastings, R. N 1217 Hatfield, T 1172 Heady, J. F 1205 Hoor, F. J 1120 Heinlein, J. C 105S Hcint/man, J. W 1058 Henderson, D. C, 1059 Hengstler, II. C 1175 Henrv, Orrin 1215 llerget, J. F -.1121 Herrmann, An,gnst 1121 Hess, A. J 1059 Hess, Win. F 1121 Hindel, Chas. II 1121 Hofer, John 1225 HolTinann, F. J 1224 lloffmann, I. .S 1250 iloflmann, J. A 1224 Hogan, T. vS 1059 Hoge, J 1194 Holden, FI. P 1175 Hollidav, W. C 1122 Flollister, H, C 1000 Hopkins, W. A 1175 Haskins, S, A 1000 Hough, B. W 1000 Hudepohl, L 1 122 Huggins, FI. N 1001 Hughes, Ivor 1061 Hughes, O. H 1174 Hunt, Chas. J 1062 Hunt, M. P 1203 Hum, T. H 1061 Hunter, Geo. W 1242 Huntington, T. E 1224 Hussev, Cvrus 1231 Hutton, W. F 1195 I Ingalls, M. E 1122 Irvine, F. C 1002 Ishani, A. B 1203 J Jackson, S. I.( 1002 James, B. F 1002 January, W. L 1005 Jessup, W 1 175 Johnson, J. J 1195 Johnson, J., Jr 1005 Johnson, W. H 1004 Jones, T. F 1175 Jones, T. H. B 1239 K Karasek, F' 1224 Karb, Geo. J 1170 Karch, II. P 1004 Karchner, M 1064 Karr, Chas. W 1064 KaitlTman, J. H 1234 Kearns, T. P 1170 Keifer, J. W 1065 Kellogg, E. E 1123 Kellv, O. S 1123 Kelly, E. S 1123 Kennedy, J. B 1065 Kennedy, W. C 1177 Kern, J. Q 1000 Kimberley, A. E 1237 Kinkead, E. B 1000 Kiskadden, S. H 1204 Knaus,s, R. W 1218 Knorr, H. E 1177 Knox, H. B 1218 Kroger, B. H 1124 Kuhlinan, G. L 1177 L Laidlaw, R 1177 Lamb, M. B 1243 Lawrence, F. F 1204 Laylin, L. C: 1007 Lazarus, F' 1124 Leach S 1205 Lehmann, W 1224 Leimann, Win 1125 Leister, B. P 1254 Lemert, W. C 1125 Linn, T. P 1007 Linton, J, F 1125 Logan, C. F 1251 Long, C. F 1257 Long, G. vS 1008 Longworth, N 1068 Lowry, V. C 1008 Lynch, D. A 1218 M McCabe, L. D 1009 McCann, B 1009 McClain, F. L 1127 McClellan, C. L 1178 McClure II. B 1072 McClure, W. T 1259 McCollum, vS. P 1179 McCombs, A. N 1179 McConaughy, R. C 1235 McConnaughey, E. L 1179 McCook, Geo. W 1243 McCoy, C. B 1127 McCune, S. L 1195 McCurdy, S. L 1205 McDaniel, W. F 1180 McHugh, P. J 1181 McKee, A. L 1181 McKee, Chris 1181 McMurray, J. W 1257 Marckworth, O. S 1239 Mallon, G. W 1069 Malsbary 1070 Maimington, H. N 1178 Mansell, G. F 1235 Mansfield, E 1070 Maplewood Sanitarium 1205 Marker, J. R 1178 Marshall, C. G 1071 Martin, J. A 1071 Marling, Henry 1127 Massie, D. M 1071 Mathers, II. T 1071 Mattern, J. C 1072 Maxwell, Thos. J 1128 Mayer, Fred 1128 Medaris, W. R 1073 Meeker, Claude 1190 Meyer, B 1182 Miami Military Institute 1247 Michel, Geo. A 1128 Middleton, E. P 1073 Miller, Ch. A 1129 Miller, J. A 12.35 Miller, Otto 1 196 Miner, C. W 1219 . Monfort E. R 1182 Montgomery, E. E 1200 Monypeny, P. B 1219 Mooney, G. F 1129 Mooney, J. E, 1129 Mooney, J. W 1074 Moore, D. H 1196 Moore, D. H ] 130 Morcher, Geo 1183 Morgan, Edwin 1183 Morris, L. W 1074 Moses, Joseph 11,32 Mouser, G. F 1074 Mueller, P. L 1132 Miihihauser, Henry, Sr 11.32 Munster, W. J 1235 Murray, M. S 1075 N Nagel, A. L 1132 Nash, S 1075 Newton, J. W 1183 Nicklett, A. F 1219 Niederhehnan F. C 1073 Nippert, C. L 1075 Nienian, S 1 133 Norris, C. H 1070 THE BOOK OF OHIO. E CONTENTS— Continued. O O’Brien, R. J 1183 Ohio Anti-Saloon League 1254 Ohio Mechanics Institute 1252 Ohio Military Institute 1246 Ohio University 1250 Osborn, S. G 1076 Owen, F. V. A 1076 Owens, F. X 1 133 P Packard, F. L 1227 Palmer R. L) 1220 Parrott J. S 1077 Patton, C. F 1134 Patric, Chas. li 1133 Paxton, T. B 1078 Payne, J. L 1 206 Peabodv, W. W 1134 Pease, L. C 1135 Pendleton, E. H 1078 Penny witt, R. C 1206 Perin, Buchanan 1078 PfafF, F. L 1136 Pfleger, Julius 1136 Phipps, W. H 1078 Pomeroy, G. E 1196 Porter, j. E 1137 Porter, W. T 1079 Powell, R. A 1079 Powell, T. E 1079 Pritchard, W. H 1207 Prior, C. E 1080 Pugh, A. G : 1137 Pugh, D. F 1080 Pugh, H. C 1080 Pugh, J. M 1081 R Randall, C. B -.1184 Rankin, J. F 1 197 Rankin, S. B 1197 Ravogli, A 1208 Ray, F. A 1137 Reece, P. A 1081 Reed C. A. L 1208 Reichel, Chr 1 137 Renner Geo 1184 Reynolds, A. W 1138 Rhea, L. C 1240 Richards, J. W , 1220 Richards, S. S lOSl Richardson, C. C 1081 Ridgeway, C. A 1225 Rieger, I. M 1184 Rightrnire, Geo. W 1082 Riley, J. C 1138 Rippev, W. C 1139 Ritter, H. J 1139 Robertson, M. M 1139 Rodgers, J. W 1139 Rogers, John C 1082 Rogers, W. S 1184 Ross, James 1240 Rossell, W. T 1220 Roth, Chas. E 1140 Roth, Christian 1185 Rothwell, A 1140 Rowe, B. W 1140 Runkle, B. P 1185 Runyan, J. A 1082 Russell, J. E 1083 Ryan, J. J 1140 s Sands, A. C 1142 Sarver, J. M 1231 Sater, J. Fi 1083 Sawyer, E. D 1142 Schantz, A. A 1143 Schantz, Adam 1143 Schantz, George 1143’ Schi]ipcl, Ch. C 1187 Schlatter, John 1084 Schmitt, T. J 1220 Schmitt, Thos. P 1084 Schob, Paul 1143 Schoepinger, F. O .1144 Schott, J. J 1186 Schultz R. D 1144 Schurr, D. J 1187 Schwab, Peter 1144 Schwarzko]jf, J 1258 Scofield, L. T 1227 Scofield, W. E 1085 Scott, N. B 1145 Scott, R. P 1146 vSeabury, W. S 1240 Semans, H. M 1228 Seymour, B. B 1187 Sharer, W. P 1197 Sharp, A. \V 1085 Sharp, D. B 1085 Sharp, R. H 1241 Shar]), W. G 1086 Sharp, \V. H 1086 Shaw, M. I) 1086 Shaw, N. E 1240 Sheldon, B 1146 Shepard .Sanitarium 1207 Sibley, H. L 1087 Siebenthaler, L. F 1146 Simonton, W. H 1241 Simpkinson, W. E 1226 Sinks, F. El 1087 vSisler, L. E 1231 Smith, J. W 1087 Small. Scott 1147 Smith, Amor, Jr 1147 Smith, B 1241 Smith, S. W., Jr 1088 Snyder, Mark A 1226 Snider, M A 1088 Sohn, J. E 1 148 Sohn, W. S 1148 Sohngen, Geo. P 1148 Spangler, T. F 1198 Sparks, C. .S 1088 Speaks. J. C 1188 Speelman, H. V 1187 Speidel, E. P 1089 Spice, H. L 1232 Sprague, H. F 1225 Sprague W. C 1148 Stacey Manufacturing Co 1149 Stanbery. P. B 1089 Stanbery, S. B 1149 Stephens, A. E. B 1090 Stanbery, S. B 1149 Stephens, L. P 1149 Stewart, G. H 1090 Stewart, J. A 1150 Storz, Chr. A 1150 Straub, T 1257 Struble, S 1090 Studevant, L. El 1198 Sullivan, J. C 1188 Sullivan, J. L 1188 Sullivan, T. El 1253 Sundmaker, J. H 1151 Sutherland, El. W 1150 Swartz, A. H 1145 Swartz, S. J 1145 Swing, J. B 1091 Sutphin, 1). 1090 Symmeg, W, W 1091 T Taft, Chas. P 1 151 Taft, F. L 1092 Taft, H. W 1092 Tanner, J. R 1092 Tanner \Vm. J 1256 Tarvin, R. J 1149 Taylor, E. L 1093 Taylor, Jesse 1198 Thane-Miller School 1245 Thomas, E. S 1235 Thomas, W. S 1152 Thompson, A. C 1093 Thomi)son, C. J 1189 Thompson, J. El 1242 Tod, David 1189 Tompkins, E 1094 Torrence, F'. P 1152 Townsend, T. P 1152 Trauger, J. L 1154 Treadway, F. W 1094 Tucker, \V. H 1094 Turnbull, A. R 1190 Tyler, R. \V 1189 V Vieman, C. L \'orys, A. I w Waddell. J. W Wagner, B. P Wagner, E. J Waite, C. C Walkup, W. E Warnock, W. R Warren, J. G Warrington, J. W W’atkins, G. H Watson, R Webb. S. D Webner, F'. E Webster, H. C Wendel H. C 4\'enner, J. J Werner, P. E West. E. J Weybrecht, C. C Wheeler, B Whiting, Julius Wiborg, F. B Wickham. E. El WikolT, J. F: WikolT, W. C Williams, C. C Williams, H. A Williams, J. H W’illiams, W. J Wilson, ElacLee Wing, C. B Witte, H Wirmel, C. H Wolfe, A. C Worst, J. \\' Wyman, Ch. El 1232 1095 , 1154 1155 1156 1156 1220 1095 1221 1095 1190 1157 1157 1236 1096 1241 1190 1158 1096 1221 12.54 1097 1158 1098 1232 1190 1097 1098 1222 12.58 1221 11.59 1098 1191 1242 11.59 1191 Y Yerger, W. D 1233 Yoakley, John 1226 Youtz Win. C 1222 Young, A. B 1159 z Zuber, J. W 1191 Zurhorst, FRl 11.59 Salen, Ch. P 1186 PRESS OF The Knowles & Holtman Company Cincinnati, Ohio ‘1 \, is 1! A Jl. _ ^ \ __L- V % ! !?'• ^ MANUFACTURING. | CHAPTER XVI. MANUFACTURING IN OHIO. ANUFACTURING in Ohio was evolved from necessity and developed by oppor- tunity, aided by inventive and conductive genius, and the commercial instinct. Of course, manufacturing was not unknown to the pioneers. The most of them had come from communities one or two centuries old, in which manufacturers and the arts and sciences were quite or nearly abreast the age, while others came from European cities that had been founded before the Middle Ages, and where it was then supposed the manufacture of textile fabrics, weapons and implements had reached its highest limits. But only a comparatively small number of them were mechanics, artificers and artisans. They all had a general idea of the mechanical and manufacturing, as well as the agricultural arts, when they came into the wilderness to subdue it, and nearly all of them were required to practically apply that general knowledge to further the weapons of conquests of peace as well as the conquests of war. The earlier legislators, appreciating the wonderful possibilities of the future, set about encouraging the people in the arts of manufacture, not only to meet present and unsupplied necessities, but to make the vast populations they foresaw, absolutely self-sustaining and independent of distant centers of population and commerce. Some of the most striking and interesting chapters of Ohio’s history are to be found in the musty, crumbling and long forgotten tomes of its legislative enactments between 1803 and 1830. Men and women were alike encouraged to excel in the production of useful articles, and rewards, insignificant when judged by the present standard, but con- taining great inducements in that day, were offered to all who would exert themselves in any line of production and manufacture. The produc- tion of fiax and wool and their manufacture into cloths received special attention, and silk culture and the manufacture of the finer textile fabrics was not left uncon- sidered. The old fashioned “cards,” spinning wheels, distaft, fiax brakes, scritching knife and loom, with its treads, beam, reeds, gills, quills, and shuttles, were all badges of the nobility of industry in the farm houses, and the housewives who produced the best cloths, fiannels, linseys, jeans, linens, yarns and threads were the leaders of society to whom the law makers and states- men paid their homage and devoirs. As time passed the hand cards gave way to the carding machine, operated by a heavy pair of oxen, walking on a huge tread wheel, stepping from sun AKRON SEWER PIPE COMPANY'S WORKS. f)0( ) THE BOOK OF OHIO. HII.L SEWEK PIPE COMPANY, AKKON. to sun without making an inch of progress. Then water power that carded, spun and wove the wool, and lastl)' steam and electricity, which have brought the methods of production down to our time. On many of the farms were cooper shops, where hand made salt, flour and “tight” barrels were made from the “stump” and from the rough, which gave way to large hand cooperages, and then in turn to the great steam factories, which utilized the timber which the earlier wood workers would have passed by with a smirk, turning out barrels, tubs, pails, bent work and wood products in innumerable useful forms, from rmmense hogsheads, wagon materials and other accessories down to tooth picks counted automatically and bound into bundles with mathematical precision. The ancient saw mill on the creek bank, with its muley saw and dam, race and forebay, broke the stillness of the narrow valleys, as it turned out a few thousand feet of boards, scantlings and sawed timber daily, and then the dam “washed out,” the race filled up with the accretions and precipitations of lloods, and the forebay ceased to be even a “fishing hole”; for the little ^ steam giant laughed at creeks and water power, rH; climbed the hills and penetrated the forests ^ and there sat down with its serrated and sharp toothed circular bit of steel to eat up the timber, oak, walnut, poplar, cherry, chest- nut, linden and beech by the hundred thousand and million feet, always ravenous and unsat- isfied. riie planing mill, the door and sash mill, and all manner of wood working machinery came in due time, and the barefoot boy who danced on the puncheon floor at the imminent risk of his toe nails, in vigorous old age in patent leathers and full dress led the lanciers at the governor’s reception on a pol- ished hard wood floor. The “mortar,” bored, burned and hol- lowed out the conical section of an oak, set upright, with its tapering pestle of hickory, riven at its larger end, carrying an iron wedge, held in the grip caused by driving down an iron ring, was the fountain that furnished, through much tribulation and backache and armache, the hominy that went with the hog. The horse power mill ground the meal for the corn pone, the hoe cake and the dodger, while the little one or two burr grist mill on the stream turned out the fiour, while the miller “tolled” out the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh or eighth peck, according to the custom, and they do say that some of them, fearing that they had overlooked their own business, “tolled” it a second time. At all events, the miller was never known to rob him- self. There might have been such instances, but modest conscience kept it concealed as with a horse blanket. To-day we have roller process flour, turned out in immense quantities from the big mills, and some of the acute INDIA RUBBER COMPANY’S PLANT AT AKRON. B, F. GOODRICH RUBBER COMPANY’S PLANT AT AKRON. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 651 millers have learned that there are certain white earths that cost less per loo pounds than wheat at a dollar and above. At first the fire clays were regarded as only valuable as “white wash” for the inte- riors of houses and picket fences. Then some ofenius discovered that its real mission was to be converted into rough stone ware ; and rude potteries sprung up in the coal bearing re- gions, burned with dry wood, turned by hand and glazed with salt, in unsightly kilns made of sandstone and mud. To-day these clays and others are turned out as white ware. Rook- woods, Louwelsas, and other attractive names. Tiling, encaustic tiles, terra cotta, bricks, trim- mings and sectional pillars, to build and give architectural effect to houses, to ornament their interiors, and to pave streets, are turned out by machinery from great factories run by steam and electric power. Glass, too, first made SEWER PIPE WORKS, AKRON. .\KRON CHINA WORKS. laboriously and in small quantities, blistered and semi-transparent, taking the place of greased paper for windows, is turned out in vast quantities, with all the modern appliances and methods. Almost a century ago, the pioneer iron smelter began work in the coal measures, turn- ing out pig for castings and converting it into a species of wrought iron, from which the blacksmith made the rude axes, the edge laid with steel imported from the east, which regu- larly needed “upsetting.” At first the bars and nail rods were hauled across the moun- tains, and then they were made at home. But the industry grew, until to-day Ohio does not uncover in the presence of any one in its steel and iron products, but proudly and confi- dently lays them down in the markets of the remotest corners of the world. These are but the merest outlines of Ohio’s progress in manufacturing during the century, developed from the primitive raw ma- terial, until it supplies the wants of her millions at home and measurably those of a greater number of millions in all portions of the earth, employs and pays remunerative wages to hun- dreds of thousands of her sons and daughters, and sees the Pactolian delta spread from lake to river and from state line to state line. The interests of capital and labor should be mutual, and yet they encounter the frictions that are inseparable from a virile and energetic population. The social phase of the labor question is necessarily involved. Mr. William J. Kerby, writing on the subject of Labor and Labor Bureaus in their relation to employing capital, contributes much to the subject in hand. The almost universal demand for in- formation concerning social questions, and AKRON TILE WORKS. 652 THE BOOK OF OHIO. THE WERNER COMPANY'S PLANT, AKRON. One of the lar^jest printitig concerns in Atnerica. work, scekino- a knowledge of social conditions, and attemptin State policy in the light of the facts of modern life. Without attempting to be exhaustive or critical, we may broadly classify the kinds of investigations carried on into three groups, hirst, we have private study of social condi- tions, conducted by individuals, associations and schools. We might mention as belonging to this class such studies as Booth’s “ In Dark- est Hngland,” Professor Wyckoff’s “The \\b)rkers,” (dohre’s “ Drei Monate Fabrikar- bciter.’’ Levasseur’s “L’()uvrier American;” the list is endless. Here belong also the work ()l such societies as the American Kconomic .\ssociation, the American .Statistical Society, tht? American Academy of Social and Political particularly the condition of the laboring man, he says, is so urgent that “we are not surprised at seeing the professor take up his residence with the laboring man for months, in order to enter into the latter’s world and see how he lives; it is not unusual for the student of social condi- tions to cross the ocean in steer- age quarters in order to learn how the poor are treated ; the scholar enters the factory as a workman for the purpose of studying its spirit. .Studies, lec- tures, books, newspapers are all devoted to spreading informa- tion on every side. This demand for such knowledge is more than popular, something other than a passing fad. Economists, soci- ologists, historians, legislators, and statesmen are seriously at to correct and develop science, to make laws and shape CLEVELAND STONE COMPANY’S GRINDSTONE FACTORY AT BEREA. MANUFACTURING PLANT AT MIDDLETON. .Science ; the work of University students; in a word, all efforts of private individuals or socie- ties to study social conditions. The value of this kind of work depends on the character of the student ; his judgment, methods of re- search, his accuracy and ability in grouping and presenting facts. A second group of agents of investigation is had in temporary legislative committees, created by law, whose duty it is to study a given condition or prob- lem, report on it and suggest laws. Such committees are frequently formed in our States; such was the Senate committee created in 1883, which heard and published over 4,000 pages of testimony on the relations of capital and labor; another was the commission formed to investigate the Chicago strike; the Indus- trial Commission which began its sitting in 1899, is another institution of this kind. Such committees or commissions do not as a rule aim at statistical accuracy. They seek opin- ions of representative men, aiming to reach a K9 I .,'U Si. U' ■' ' i .rr 'ly I • ! •.•■ ■ * ■ r ■ ' > i f- '■’ff < '■ I $ ■i . ' ' I. TILE WORKS. ZANESVILLE, ONE OF THE LARGEST IN THE COUNTRY. ' THE BOOK OF OHIO. 655 correct knowledge of condi- tions thereby, and upon such conclusions they base sugges- tions for legislation. The first o kind of investigation is purely private, the second is official, but temporary. A third form is official and permanent, its duty being the regular method- ical investigation of social con- ditions. This institution is called the Labor Bureau. In the United States there are 33 State Bureaus and one Federal Bureau, while nearly every foreign government has created one after the model furnished by this country. The remarkable development which the bureaus have had and the importance of their work make them an object worthy of attention. Their organization, history, work, publications, and their shortcomings offer oppor- tunity for most interesting ROBINSON SEWER PIPE COMPANY’S PLANT AT AKRON. WELLER'S POTTERY, ZANESVILLE. One of the largest in the country. description and critical study. We restrict ourselves in this article, however, to a simple description of their nature, number, work and difficulties, attempting no critical appre- ciation of their publications, organization or methods. A labor bureau may be defined as a permanent office created by law whose general purpose is the collection and publication of information concerning social conditions. In some states it is a sub-division of the executive branch of the government. In Nebraska the governor is ex-officio com- missioner of labor; in Colorado the Secretary of State is chief, while in Pennsylvania it is Secretary of Internal Affairs. In Indiana the office is in the General Bureau of Statistics. Generally, however, the Bureau of Labor is a distinct depart- ment, with suitable quarters in the State House, and the commissioner is appointed by the governor, to whom reports are made. There is considerable difference in th-e scope of the various bureaus. They may really be regarded as a concession to the labor forces of the country; their institu- tion is certainly due in a measure to the agitation and demands of labor. The primary duty of every bureau, then, is to collect and publish information on the condition of labor in the broadest sense of the term. But in nearly every case the scope has been widened. In many states the law creating the bureau requires that it collect and publish information on the general condition of the industry of the state, its resources and advantages. In some cases the bureau must aim to advertise the state, encourage immigra- tion, carry on correspondence, attempt to attract capital, secure advantageous rates on railroads for prospective settlers. Others are required to conduct investigations of the condition of agriculture, crops and soil. Again, the office of factory inspector is included in the labor bureau, the Commissioner of Labor being inspector, or at least HANGING ROCK FURNACE, NEAR HANGING ROCK. 65C. THE BOOK OF OHK\ GKNEh’AL VIEW OF NATIONAL STEEL COMPANY’S I’LANT AT YOUNGSTOWN. rcs[ionsible tor factory inspection. In some states the bureau is also a free employment agency, where laboring men seeking work may register and employers seeking men may apply. In Colorado the labor bureau may act as mediator in labor disputes, if invited! In many cases the law requires investigations to extend to prisons, jails and reformatories. W’e do not find all of these duties performed by any one bureau, but viewed in their ensemble they present variety to which reference is made. The official titles of the bureaus give a clue to the character of the work imposed upon them by law. In all cases the bureau is a labor bureau, but many states add the word inspection, agriculture, mines or immigration, thereby Indicating the nature of the investigation undertaken. Without attempting any further analysis of functions, we may confine ourselves to citing from some laws which are thoroughly representative. The citations will convey an exact idea of the fields of investigation of the bureaus. The Michigan law contains the following: “The duties of such bureau shall be to collect * * * * assort, systematize, print and present in annual reports to the governor statisti- cal details relating to all departments of labor in this State, including the penal institutions thereof, particularly concerning the hours of labor, the number of laborers and mechanics employed, the number of apprentices in each trade * * * * wages earned, the sav- ings from the same, the culture, moral and mental, with age and sex of laborers employed, the number and character of accidents, the sanitary condition of institutions where labor is employed, as well as the influence of the several kinds of labor and the use of intoxica- ting liquors upon the health and mental condition of the laborer * * tl;ie AT WORK IN OHIO FOUNDRY COMPANY’S PLANT, Steubenville. THE BOOK OF OHIO. GENERAL VIEW OF THE REPUBLIC IRON A STEEL COMPANY'S NEW PLANT AT YOUNGSTOWN. proportion of married laborers and mechanics w'ho live in rented houses, with the average annual rental of same * * * * the subjects of co-operation, strikes or other labor difficulties, trades unions, and other labor organiza- tions, and their effects upon labor and capital, with such other matter relating to the commercial, industrial and sanitary condition of the laboring classes and permanent prosperity of the respective industries of the State as such bureau ma)- be able to gather, accompanied by such recommendations relating thereto as the bureau shall deem proper.” The law creatiiipf the Federal Bureau in Washington contains a section accordinof to \vhich the aim of that bureau shall be "to acquire and diftuse among the people of the United States useful information on subjects connected with labor, in the most general and comprehensive sense of that word, and especially upon its relation to capital, the hours of labor, the earnings of laboring men and women and the means of promoting their material, social, intellectual and moral prosperity.” It is also stated that the bureau shall investig-ate the o cost of production, comparative cost of living, articles controlled by trusts, causes of and facts relating to controversies between employer and employe which tend to interfere with the wel- fare of the people of the different States. The Labor Bureau has three general characteristics ; it is permanent, official and educational. The meaning of the first is clear. Its official character implies that it is created by law, its work is directed by law, expenses are paid from public funds, reports are made to public authorities in the interests of general welfare. There is absolutely no guarantee as to the scientific value of the work, its accuracy, completeness or fairness. It depends entirely on the conscience, intelligence, energy, and (558 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Tllli HAMI’DEN WATCil WORKS, CANTON, methods of the officials in charge, as is the case with every public office. The educational charac- ter of the bureaus follows from its duty of collecting and pub- lishing facts. This is done in the interest of no school, theory or party, but merely that legisla- tors, students and the public may know conditions. Whether or not the institution of the bureaus was a concession to labor, they are not offices whose purpose is to teach a theory or advocate a line of reform. This was clearly indicated in the organic laws of the bureaus. Though Maine, West Virginia and Kansas laws require that the Commissioner of Labor be identified with the labor interests of the state, and the Illinois law requires that three members of its board of five be manual laborers and two employers, the settled policy and practice of the bureaus is to hold severely to the domain of fact. I'his is clearly seen, not only in the work of the bureaus, but as well in the pro- ceedings of the conventions of officials of labor bureaus whose spirit is invariably in favor of holding to the work of actual investigation of facts. It is stated that the first demand of workingmen for the creation of labor bureaus was made at a labor congress in Cleveland in 1867, and the first bureau in the world was established in Massachusetts in 1869. The eight hour agitation of the preceding years, the spirit of unrest, dissatisfaction, the evils known to exist in the condition of working women and children, were factors which led to the institu- tion of the bureau in 1869. Pennsylvania was the next state to create one, in 1872. Others ([uickly followed. Connecticut, 1873, abol- ished in 1875, reorganized in 1885; Kentucky in 1876: Ohio in 1877; New Jersey, 1878; Missouri, Indiana, Illinois, 1879; New York, California, Michigan, Wisconsin, 1883; Iowa, Maryland, 1884; Kansas, 1885; Rhode Island, Nebraska, Colorado, North Carolina, Maine, Minnesota, 1887; West Virginia, 1889; North Dakota, 1890; Tennessee, 1891; Montana, New Hampshire, 1893; Washington, 1897; Virginia, 1898. South Dakota and Utah created bureaus, but they have been abolished. In 1879 the Massachusetts legislature peti- tioned Congress to establish a national bureau in Washington. Bills to that effect were intro- duced in 1880 and 1882. In 1884 the bill was passed and the Department of Labor was created. In most states, the chief of the bureau is called the Commissioner of Labor. He is as a rule appointed by the governor with the consent of the council or senate. The term of office varies from two to four years, according to American political customs ; the appointment follows party lines as a rule. In North Dakota, Kentucky and Indiana the HEISEY GEASS WORKS, NEWARK, c^ief is elected by popuKr vote. In Illinois SECTION OF THE A. B. CHASE PIANO FACTORY, NORWALK. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 659 a board of five is named by the governor, three of whom must be manual laborers and two employers ; they choose a secretary — not one of themselves — who is virtually chief. In Nebraska the orovernor is chief ex-officio, but the work of the bureau is conducted by a deputy. In Colorado and Washington the Secretary of State is chief, while in Pennsyl- vania it is the Secretary of Internal Affairs. The federal commissioner is appointed by the president lor a term of four years. Hon. Carroll D. Wright has been commissioner since 1885, when the bureau was organized. 'Fhe methods of investigation by the bureaus are as a rule left to the choice of the chief, except in a few states whose laws dis- tinctly state that information shall be collected by means of circulars containing questions which are mailed to parties from whom infor- mation is sought. This method is not at all expensive, hence it commends itself readily INTEKIOK VIEW OF FOED GLASS WORKS AT ROSSFORD. FIRE BRICK WORKS AT PORTSMOUTH. One of the largest in the State. where appropriations are limited, as is fre- quently the case. The circular which varies in form and character with its purpose, generally allows for and invites the expression of opinions on social conditions. The reliable answers are selected, and from them reports are compiled. Names and addresses are always omitted, lest any clue to those furnishing information be given. In some states the law requires specified institutions or parties, such as manufacturers or buildinof and loan associa- tions, to report the condition of business annually to the Bureau of Labor. In this manner valuable service is rendered, the effi- ciency of the bureau greatly increased, and diffi- culties reduced. In a number ol states, too, town, city, district, and state officials are required to assist the Bureau of Labor by supplying information to be found in their hands and even by undertaking investigations with the bureau. The most effective method of investigation, however, is the personal visit of an agent, ordi- narily an expert, to the place or institutions being studied. He makes a methodical examination of books, documents and places, invites the expression of views from competent persons and from the results of such examinations reports are made. In carrying on these investigations, the bureaus have considerable powers, accorded by their organic law. They may administer the oath, send for persons, papers, records ; they may have access to any public institution or factory, and compel SECTION OF FORD GLASS WORKS AT ROSSFORD. THE BOOK OF OHIO. H80 THE OHIO FOUNDRY COMPANY’vS PLANT, STEUBENVILLE. the production of business records as far as the examination which they are making, demands. Persons are not, how- forced to leave their vicinity in order to testify, nor are they required to answer questions about affairs which are strictly private. Those who refuse to co-operate or who place obstacles in the way of investigations are guilty of a misdemeanor, and punishable by fine or imprisonment. In Ohio the maximum line is ^500. d'he publications of the bureaus are called reports. Nearly two-thirds of the states issue them annually, the others, biennially. In some cases the bureau reports annually to the governor, but the report is published only biennially. A few bureaus issue bulletins, which contain material of current interest. The Federal Bureau issues annual reports, s[iecial reports, and a bulletin which appears every two months. The bulletin contains original essays by men of authority on subjects falling within the field of investigation of the bureau, the resume of current reports of state bureaus, a digest of all court decisions affecting labor, the text of new labor laws and notices of gov- ernment contracts. All the publications of all the bureaus are distributed gratis upon request, to any citizen, to any institution, library or society. The only restriction is that resulting from the fact that in some states appropriations are small, and hence editions of reports cannot be large. The law of North Carolina requires that a copy of the report of its bureau be sent to every newspaper publisher in the state, to each member of the assembly, to each state and county officer, to any citizen who requests it, and 100 copies to each labor organization. Up to the present over 300 volumes of reports have been issued by the bureaus in the United States. It is useless to attempt any sketch of their contents. The reader will understand ELEVATOR BUCKET DREDGE From Vulcan Iron Works, Toledo, working in Montana. i A / ■'v' •>> ‘U,- I'? ;>j^v -. . ^iP j if-’ j." STEEL MILLS AT YOUNGSTOWN. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 663 MAKING SALT AT SALT WORKS, POMEROY, MEIGS COUNTY. from the preceding what is in general their character. The Federal Bureau and a number of state bureaus would merit particular notice for the high scientific character of their work, were we to undertake a critical examination of it. But that falls outside of the scope of this article. TILE ROOFING PLANT OF HAYDENVILLE COMPANY, On Hocking Valley Railway. The services rendered by the labor bureaus are valuable to history, economics, sociology, to industry, to legislatures. It would be an interesting study to trace out the abuses in social conditions which were made known by the work of the bureaus, to show their infiuence in labor legislation and to exam- ine the practical services ren- dered by them to the industrial and social development of the states. The reports are eagerly sought by universities, public men, students, libraries, foreio-n o scholars and governments. The good done by the bureaus has been accomplished in spite of great difficulties which are all but disheartening. It may assist the reader to appreciate the work of the bureaus justly if the (‘>04 THE BOOK OF OHIO. PANOKAMIC VIEW OF PKOCTOK & GAMBLE SOAP FACTORIES, CINCINNATI. obstacles which are in their way be understood. One might say that the field of investigation should be more definitely determined and that the bureaus should not be required to exercise too many functions. Too many lines of investigation are imposed on a large number of bureaus, too many duties exacted, particularly since the bureau is greatly hampered by lack of funds. There should be a reaction against this undue expansion, so that investigations might be kept in the narrower circle of problems in the condition and relations of capital and labor. In addition, the bureaus require men, money and co-operation from outside. The work is important and difficult; trained investigators are needed. Care is necessary in the choice of subjects, in the manner of investigation and of presentation. Men are needed who have the gift of quick and accurate insight into conditions; men thoroughly acquainted with the methods of statistics and their limitations. Honest men are necessary, men who are stronger than any theory they hold and who can bravely present the result of their investigations in an objective manner. The process of selection which obtains in the United States does not always insure the choice of such men as commissioners; or when chosen it does not secure them in their position. The salary is not large enough to attract men of great capability unless they are willing and able to make pecuniary sacri- fices. The incumbent of the office depends upon political fortunes, hence the uncertainty of tenure of office is a deterrent. But the American is versatile. He is quick to learn when he will, and he soon schools himself in the spirit, methods and work of his office. No sooner master of it than he is dismissed, and his experience is lost. Insufficient funds are a serious drawback. The appropriations, are, as a rule, limited. This sometimes forces the bureaus to forego an investigation which might INTERIOR VIEW OF HARTER FLOUR MILL, FOSTORIA. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 665 WHERE IVORY SOAP IS MADE. Though no official relations of any kind exist among the bureaus of the United States, their officers have recognized the need of co-operation and co-ordination in the work done. To bring this about they formed in 1883 the National Association of Official Bureaus of Labor Statistics. It holds annual conventions, whose purpose is — to quote from All this has arisen from a misunderstandino- of the work and nature o be expensive ; it compels it to employ less perfect ways of investigation and necessarily limits the expenses that the commissioner may incur, either in travel, hiring agents or publishing reports. The bureaus complain of a general lack of co-operation and of indifference, even opposition from sources to which inquiry must be addressed. Labor organiza- tions have at times antagonized the bureaus, though in general they are willing helpers. Occasionally the individual resents the inquiry as an intrusion. Employers at times refuse to furnish information or assistance of any sort. The general public seem indifferent, when not a third or fourth of the circulars sent out are returned. The strangest kind of accusations are sometimes made. It is claimed that the purpose of the bureau is to organize strikes, to work for capitalists, to reduce wages, and increase taxes, of the bureaus and a prejudice based on pure imagination. Fortunately, both are being dis- sipated, and there is a promise of wider co-operation. Even when the law has required city, county and state officials to aid the bureaus, they have shown reluctance, and have done only imperfect work. The Federal Bureau has been singularly free from most of these difficulties. Appropriations by Congress have been ample. The bureau has been under the direction of the eminent Hon. Carroll D. Wright since 1885. There are over a hundred persons in the office force and trained scholars to do much of the work. A MIDDLETON MANUFACTURING PLANT. 6G6 THE BOOK OF OHIO. NATIONAL CASH KEGISTER PLANT, DAYTON. A holiday denimistration — Mr. Patterson, the proprietor, called on. its rules — “ the discussion ol the methods of work, current and otherwise, pertaining to bureaus of labor or industrial statistics and kindred departments with which its members are connected in their respective states ; also to foster the ties of friendshi[), interchange ideas, and in various ways seek to promote the welfare of these bureaus of statistics ; to present subjects for investigation and to transact all such business as is deemed consistent with the duties of statisticians.” d'he reports of the conventions, to which frequent reference has been made in these pages, are valuable sinc(' they contain the liest expression of the views and work, methods and difficulties of all the chiefs of bureaus. America has led the world in governmental statistical work, hence it is not strange that we should have had the first labor bureaus. Canada established one in 1882, Switzerland in 1886, New Zealand in 1892, Great Britain in 1893, though some work had been done as early as 1886; Germany and France in 1891, Belgium in 1895, though its Counseil Superieur du d'ravail was established in 1892. Spain and Austria have created bureaus more recently. The character, composition, work and powers of these bureaus vary, but they are all essentially labor bureaus as we use the term. Fhe organization and methods of American fmreaus have been of much service in the creating of European bureaus, and due credit is usually given this country tor the service implied. . As yet, no international organization of lalior bureaus has been effected, but we may hope that the day is not far distant when this will be brought about. I'he problem has been iliscussed because of its close relation to the greater problem of international labor legislation. I'he idea of an international bureau originated in Switzerland in 1889. It was discussed at the famous Berlin Con- ference of 1890, at which a resolution was adopted recommending that all the nations represented at the conference make regular investigations of the questions discussed, and that the governments exchange with one another all legislative and administra- tive measures taken in view of accepted prin- ciples, and all reports of those appointed to execute them. Nothing more was done. A Socialist Congress in Brussels, in 1891, adopted a resolution favoring the appointment of national secretaries of labor in different countries. An international congress, inter- ested in custom regulations, held in Antwerp in 1892, declared in favor of a well systematized international orranization of bureaus. The o International Statistical Institute expressed the same sentiment at Berne, in 1895, did the congress in Zurich, in 1897. The last attempt was made in the International Congress ot Labor Legislation held in Brussels in Septem- ber, 1897. The seventh question proposed and discussed was, “Is it desirable that inter- national relations be established among the M . bureaus of labor, and that there be an National Cash Register Works, Dayton, v.* THE BOOK OF OHIO. 667 THE KNOWEES, TAYLOR & KNOWLES POTTERIES, EAST LIVERPOOL. Largest in tiie world. international organization of the statistics ot labor?” The leading paper on the question was read by Professor Denis of Brussels, favoring such action. In the discussion of the paper, it was evident that though all regarded it as desir- able, the obstacles presenting themselves seemed too great to permit any hope of immediate realization. The regula- tions of the congress allowed no vote on the questions discussed, hence no recommendation was adopted. Labor bureaus have so entered modern life that we may regard them as permanent. The line of development has been from the simple state bureau to the international. It Is only necessary now to begin the work of elimination, direction and correction. The duties must be more exactly defined, and such work as does not closely bear on the condition of labor must be transferred to other agents. The errors in our system must be corrected so that efticient men be insured, the best quality of work be obtained, and methods perfected. The public must be ready and willing to co-operate in every way in order that the work will be well done. At best, the work is difficult. When needless obstacles shall have been removed, and the bureaus are properly organized and thoroughly equipped, we may expect great aid in our studies of social conditions. As the United States led in creating bureaus, may it lead in perfecting them. If it does, another hope may not be in vain, namely, that we may be first to find the solution of the great problem that labor presents to our age and thus bring industrial peace to the world. The Ohio bureau, owing to the inadequacy of sufficient funds, already spoken of, somewhat tardy at times in the publication of the important facts which come into its possession, is nevertheless a great factor In maintaining cordial relations between capital and labor and promoting the best interests of both. In this work It is greatl}' assisted by the State Board of Arbitration which intervenes whenever differences assume an irreconcilable shape, and generally successfully. Beginning in 1803, manufacturing estab- lishments have gradually grown into impor- tance, and embrace more than one hundred lines of manufactures, among them being those of agricultural Implements, awnings, tents and Hags, paper and jute bags, bicycles, billiard tables and bar fixtures, boilers, engines and tanks ; bolts, nuts and rivets ; boots and shoes ; boxes of wood and paper ; bread and all baking products ; brick and tiles ; brooms and brushes ; canned goods of all kinds ; carriages and wagons, and carriage and wagon material ; casting of all kinds; chains, pulley and tackle block; clothing for men and women; coffee and spices; coffins and burial cases ; confectionery ; cooperage ; copper and brass casting ; mouldings and fittings ; clothes, clothing and shoddy; cutlery and edge tools ; drugs and chemicals ; electri- cal machinery and supplies; flavoring extracts; flour and flouring mill_ products; foundry and screw making department. 608 THE BOOK OF OHIO. WOMEN'vS DINING KOOM, National Casli Register Works, I>a>ton. strawboartl and pajier; tailoring, merchant and custom : tinware, sheet iron and Dalvanized iron ware ; tobacco, chewing and smoking, cigars and cigarettes; tools of all kinds; types and presses ; trunks and valises ; wire rods, wire cloth, wire screens, wire fenciiiD- and wire o goods generally ; woolen goods, and many others of a miscellaneous character. machine shop products ; furnaces ; furniture ; glass ; gunpowder, and other explosives ; handles and hoops ; hardware ; harness ; hats and caps; ice of artificial production ; inks and printers’ supplies; interior finish; iron, both architectural and structural ; jewelry ; knit goods ; leathers ; lime and cement ; liquors, distilled and malt ; lithographing ; lumber, sawed; machinery of all kinds; malt; mattresses and pillows ; monuments ; mouldings ; oil, refined petroleum, linseed and oil cake; paints and varnish ; patterns and models ; pianos and musical instruments generally; pickles, pre- serves and sauces ; plating, copper, silver, gold and nickle ; printing and binding, printing and book papers; pump and water wheels; regalia, roofing iron, tin and steel ; rubber goods ; safes, vaults and locks ; salt ; sash, doors, blinds and fiooring ; shirts and overalls ; slaughtering and meat packing ; soap and candles ; soda and mineral water ; staves and headings ; steam and gas fittings ; stone, cut, sawed and polished ; stoves and ranges ; d'hese various manufacturing establish- ments, great and small, aggregate some 2,700, rejiresenting a total capital Invested of $210,- 000,000, and an annual average output of finished material of the value of $275,000,000. d he value of the raw materials used averages $140,000,000. d'he total average number of employes, male and female, in all capacities, 135,500. Average amount paid in wages $60,000,000. The daily wages of the employes runs from $1.00 for rough and unskilled labor to $5.00 or above for skilled, the average wage per ca[iita of the whole being, for operatives, about $2.45, and for managers, superintendents, foremen, bookkee[)ers, clerks and salesmen ri^iiagHKlIHliilli THE NATIONAL CASH REGISTER WORKS, DAYTON. General view from rear. AUSTIN POWDER WORKS, NEAR CLEVELAND. from $36 to $200 or above per month. Of the manu- facturing establishments, more than 2,000 of them are located in the five great cities, ranking in that regard, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Toledo and Dayton, and the remainder of them in the cities of Akron, Alliance, Bellaire, Bucyrus, Canton, Chilli- cothe, Circleville, Defiance, Delaware, East Liver- pool, Findlay, Fostoria, Fremont, Gallon, Gallipolis, Hamilton, Ironton, Kenton, Lancaster, Lima, Mans- field, Marietta, Marion, Martin’s Ferry, Massillon, Middleton, Mt. Vernon, Newark, Norwalk, Piqua, Pomeroy, Portsmouth, Salem, Sandusky, Sidney, Tiffin, Troy, LIrbana, Warren, Wooster, Xenia, Youngstown and Zanesville, and numerous small i" V • - -.r- i_-^ ' : 0 ' •V i •\ \ vS- ►: ■ •- . - ji k = ■ 1 •} k- • Ui YELLOW POPLAR LUMBER COMPANY’S PLANT AT COALGROVE, LAWRENCE COUNTY. The largest concern of its kind in Ohio. THE BOOK OF OHIO. leadinof o villages. The sixteen and ranking industries in their order are: Machinery, malt liquors, boots and shoes, cloth- ing, soap and candles, carriages and wagons, douring mill pro- ducts, printing and binding, structural iron, leather, boilers and tanks, tobacco and cigars, foundry products, furniture and castings ; and they represent about 50 per cent, of the total manufacturing product. The commissioners of the Ohio Bureau of Labor Statistics, since its creation in 1877, have been: Harry J. Walls, Henry Lusky, Larkin McHugh, A. D. Fassett, John McBride, William T. Lewis. William Ruehrwein, John P. Jones and M. D. Ratchford. In addition to the Labor Bureau and Arbitration Commis- sion at Columbus, Free Employ- ment Agencies are maintained in the cities of Cleveland, Cincinnati, BARNEY SMITH CAR WORKS, DAYTON. Toledo, Columbus and Dayton, tor the purpose of securing employment for artisans and laborers as wells as girls and women, without cost to them. William A. Taylor. BRIER HIRE FURNACES, NEAR YOUNGSTOWN, The Old National Road in Ohio. — “This road, conceived in the brain of Albert Gallatin, took its inception in 1806, when com- missioners to report on the project were appointed by President Jefferson. In 1811 the first contract was let for 10 miles of the road west of Cumberland, Maryland, which was its eastern terminus. The road was opened to the Ohio River in 181S. In a moment’s time an army of emigrants and pioneers were en route to the West over the great highway, regiment following regiment as the years advanced. Squalid cabins, where the hunter had lived beside the primeval thoroughfare, were pressed into service as taverns. Indian fords, where the water had oft run red with blood in border frays, were spanned with solid bridges. Ancient towns, which had been comparatively unknown to the world, but which were of sufficient commercial magnetism to attract the great road to them, became, on the morrow, cities of consequence in the world. As the century ran into its second and third decades the National Road received an increasingly heterogeneous popu- lation. Wagons of all descriptions, from the smallest to the great “ mountain ships ” which creaked down the mountain sides and eroaned o off into the setting sun, formed a marvelous frieze upon it. Fast expresses, too realistically perhaps called “shakeguts,” tore along through 6V2 THE BOOK OF OHIO. DUEBEK-HAMPDEN WATCH E’ACTORY AT CANTON. One of the largest watch manufactories In the world. valley and over hill with important messages of state. Here, the broad highway was blocked with herds of cattle trudging eastward to the markets, or westward to the meadow lands beyond the mountains. Gay coaches of four and six horses, whose worthy drivers were known by name even to the statesmen who were often their passengers, rolled on to the hospitable taverns where the compajiy reveled. At night, along the road- way, gypsy fires flickered in the darkness, where wandering minstrels and jugglers crept to show their art, while in the background crowded traders, hucksters, peddlers, soldiery, showmen and beggars — all picturesque pilgrims on the nation’s great highway. It is a fair question whether our western civilization is more wonderful for the rapidity with which new things under the sun are dis- covered, or for the rapidity with which it can forget men and things to-day which were indis- pensable yesterday. The era of the National Road was succeeded in half a century by that of the railway, and a great thoroughfare, which was the pride and mainstay of a civilization, has almost passed from human recollection. A few ponderous stone bridges and a long line of sorry looking mile-posts mark the famous highway of our middle age THE LORAIN STEEL COMPANY’S MILLS, LORAIN. Black River. Hocks. Ore Hauling Machinerj’. THE LORAIN STEEL WORKS, LORAIN. Blast Furnaces. Gen. Office. THE BOOK OF OH JO, 673 from the network of cross-roads which now meet it at every step. Scores of proud towns, which were thriving centers of a trans- continental trade, have dwindled into comparative insignificance, while the clanging of rusty signs on their ancient tavern posts, tell, with inexpressible pathos, that “ there hath passed away a glory from the earth.” The great o THE LORAIN STEEL COMPANY’S BLAST FURNACE PLANT, LORAIN. work of building and keeping in repair the National Road, and of operating it, developed a race of men as unknown before its era as afterward. For the real life of the road, however, one will look to the days of its prime — to those who passed over its stately stretches and dusty coils as stage and mail coach drivers, express carriers and “wagoners,” and the tens of thousands of pas- sengers and immigrants who composed the public which patronized the great highway. This was the real life of the road — coaches numbering as many as 20 traveling in a single line ; wagon-house yards where a hundred tired horses rest over night besides their great loads ; hotels where 70 transient guests have been served breakfast in a single morning ; a life made cheery by the echoing horns of hurry- ing stages ; blinded by the dust of droves of cattle numbering into the thousands; a life noisy with the satisfactory creak and crunch of the wheels of great wagons carrying six and eight thousand pounds of freight east or west. The revolution of society since those days could not have been more surprising. The change has been so great it is a wonder that men deign to count their gain by the same numerical system. As Macauley has said, we do not travel to-day, we merely “arrive.” You are hardly a traveler now unless you cross a continent. Travel was once an education. This is growing less and less true, perhaps, with the passing years. Fancy a journey from St. Louis to New York in the old coaching days, over the National Road and the old York roads. How many persons the traveler met ! How many interesting and instructive conversations were held with fellow travelers throupfh the O OHIO FLINT GLASS WORKS OF THE NATIONAL GLASS COMPANY, Lancaster. long hours ; what customs, char- acters, foibles, amusing incidents would be noticed and remembered, ever afterward furnishing' the infor- o mation necessary to help one talk well and the sympathy necessary to render one capable of listening to others. The traveler often sat at the table with statesmen whom the nation honored, as well as with stage coach drivers whom a nation knew for their skill and prowess over six galloping horses. Henry Clays and “ Red ” Buntings dined together, and each made the other wiser, il not better. The greater the gulf grows between the rich and poor, the more ignorant do both become, particular!)' the rich. There was undoubtedly a monotony in stage coach journeying, but the continual views of the landscape, 674 THE BOOK OF OHIO. THE DAEZELL CLASS FACTORY, FINHLAV. the ever-fresh air, the constantly passing throngs of countless description, made such traveling an experience unknown to us “arrivers” of to-day. How fast it has been forgotten that travel means seeing people rather than things. The age of sight seeing has superseded that of traveling. In the old coaching days the passenger and mail coaches were operated very much like the railways of to-day. A vast network of lines covered the land. Great companies owned hundreds of stages operating on innumerable routes, competing with other companies. These rival stage companies fought each other at times with great bitterness, and competed, as railways do to-day, in lowering tariff and in out-doing each other in points of speed and accommodation. New inventions and appliances were eagerly sought in the hope of securing a larger share of public patronage. d'his com[)etition extended into every phase of the business — fast horses, comfortable coaches, well known and companionable drivers, favor- abl(^ connections. However, competition, as is always the case, sifted the coni[jetitors down to a small number. Companies which operated upon the National Road between Indianapolis and Cumberland became distinct in character and catered to a steady patronage which had its dis- tinctive characteristics and social tone. This was in j)art determined by the taverns which the \arious lines patronized. Each line ordi- narily stopped at separate taverns in every town, as our railways formerly entered indi- vidual dej)ots. rhere were also found Grand Union taverns on the Old National Road. Had this system of communication not been aban- doned, coach lines would have gone through the same experience that the railways have, and for very similar reasons. Some of the first lines of stages were operated in sections, each section having INTERIOR VIEW OF HARTER FLOUR MILL, FOSTORIA. C. E.' SEARS CANNING FACTORY, CIRCLEVILLE. The first built west of the Alleghenies. Built in 1873. Capacity 200, UOO cans per day in ten hours. different proprietors who could sell out at any time. The greater lines were constantly absorbing smaller lines and ex- tending their ramifications in all directions. It will be seen there were trusts in the “good old days ” of stage coaches, when smaller firms were “ gobbled up ” and “ driven out” as happens to-day, and will ever happen in mundane history, despite the nonsense of political garblers. One of the largest stage companies on the old road was that of Neil, Moore N Company of Columbus, which operated hundreds of stages throughout Ohio. It was unable to compete with the Ohio National Stage Company, to which it finally sold out, Mr. Neil becoming one of the magnates of the latter company, which was, in its day, a greater trust than anything known in Ohio to-day. To know what the old coaches really were, one should see and ride in one. It is doubtful if a single one now remains intact. Here and there inquiry will raise the rumor of an old coach still standing on wheels, but if the rumor is THE BOOK OF OHIO. 675 traced to its source, it will be found that the chariot was sold to a circus or wild west show or has been utterly destroyed. The demand for the old stages has been quite lively on the part of the wild west shows. These old coaches were handsome affairs in their day — painted and decorated profusely without, and lined within with soft silk plush. There were ordinarily three seats inside, each capable of holding three passengers. Upon the driver’s hi^h outer seat was room for one more passenger, a fortunate position in good weather. The best coaches, like their counterparts on the railways of to-day, were named; the names of states, warriors, statesmen, generals, nations and cities, besides fanciful names, such as “ Jewess,” “Ivanhoe,” “Sultana,” “Loch Lomond,” were called into requisition. The first coaches to run on the old National Road were long, awkward affairs, without braces or springs, and with seats placed crosswise INTERIOR VIEW OF HARTER FLOUR MILL, FOSTORIA. CORNER OF MARION STEAM SHOVEL COMPANY’S WORKS, MARION. The door was in front, and passengers, on entering, had to climb over the seats. These first coaches were made at Little Crossings, Pennsylvania. The body of succeeding coaches was placed upon thick, wide leathern straps which served as springs and which were called “ through braces.” At either end of the body was the driver’s boot and the baggage boot. The first “Troy” coach put on the road came in 1829. It was a great novelty, but some hundreds of them were soon throw- ing the dust of Maryland and Pennsylvania into the air. Their cost then was between four and six hundred dollars. The harness used on the road was of giant proportions. The backhands were often 1 5 inches wide, and the hip bands, 10. The traces were chains with short thick links and very heavy. But the passenger traffic of the Old National Road played the same relation to the freight traffic as passenger traffic does to freight on the modern railway — a small item, financially considered. It was for the A LAKK STEAMER. ( )hio. l^ut it did, and caused the young state to out-strip first half of th(; century, d'he far-seeing statesmanship of possibilitic^s and limith^ss resources of the new state, and he addressed a communication to Governor Thomas Worthington, pointing out the importanc. Leeds, Samuel Shutes and Rolx.-rt Morrison of Indiana. S(;cond. — I'he Mad River N Lake Ifrie Railroad Company, by the act of January 5, 1832, to construct a railroad from some [)oint in the town of Dayton, thence to S[)ringlield, Urbana, Bellefontaine, Plpper Sandusky, to or near d'iffin to Lower Sandusky, or making such other jioints en route as may be deemed most eligible. The in- corporators were: .Samuel W. Davis, PThan .Stone, Francis Carr of Hamilton County; 1 loratio G. Phillips, Alexander Grimes and Charles G. .Swain of Montgomery; Pierson Spinning and Henry Bechtle of Clark; foseph Xhince, fohn C. Pierson and Robert Barr of Champaign ; Lincoln Goodale, Samuel Par- sons and Joseph Ridgway of Eranklin ; Hosea Williams and William . Little of Delaware ; T. , r T\ T • VIEW SHOWING MIAMI RIVER, CANAL AND BIG FOUR RAILWAY, Auer baker of Marion ; Near Franuun ■s r flir ■ - tt [V ; . f k'- \ k • ►. ■ »■ ' A',' f r TRAIN AT CONNEAUT, ON LAKE ERIE. Largest Locomotive in the World. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 687 VIEW OF WILD TURKEY LOCK, LOOKING NORTH, NEAR COSHOCTON. A. B. Merriman and John Cary of Crawford ; Noah Z. McCulloch and Benjamin M. Piatt of Logan ; Milton McNeil and Henry Cornise of Seneca; Rudolphus Dickson, and Daniel Brainard, Jr., of Sandusky, and William Townsend, Henry H. Wilcoxon and George Anderson of Huron. Capital stock, $1,000,000. Third. — The Franklin, Springborough & Wilmington Railroad Company, by the act of January 25, 1832, to construct a railroad from the town of Franklin, on the Miami Canal, through Springborough to Wilmington. The incorporators were Michael Gunckel, John Stump and Lewis Shuey of Montgomery County; Samuel Caldwell, Stephen R. Burrow, Jacob Long, John Kelsey, Joseph Staunton and John C. Brooks of Warren; Thomas Hibbin, Isaiah Morris and James Fife of Clinton. Capital stock, ^500,000. Fourth. — The Erie '& Ohio Railroad Company, by the act of January 26, 1832, from a point between the west line of Geauga County and the east line of Ashtabula, through Trumbull County, and to terminate at such a point on the Ohio River in Columbiana County as the directors should determine. Capital stock, $1,000,000. Fifth. — The Pennsylvania & Ohio Railroad Company, by the act of February 3. 1832, from Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, to Massillon, Ohio, via Little Beaver Creek, New Lisbon and Canton, or such other points as may appear most eligible. The incorporators, resi- dent of Pennsylvania, were : Benjamin Bakewell, Abeshai Way, William Robinson, Jr., Samuel Church, Renssalear N. Havens, Isaac Lightner, Charles Avery, William Bell, John Irwin, Frederick Rapp, Thomas B. Hoops, William Haskins, John B. Trevor; and of Ohio, Benja- min Hanna, Andrew W. Loomis, John Myers, John Harris, fames Duncan, Hiram B. Wellman, Elderkin Potter, David Beggs, John Saxton, Alex McCully, William Eogle, John Everhard, Martin Helman, Daniel Har- baugh, William Christmas, Peter Williams, Riason Pritchard, Lewis Vail, Timothy Reed, LAKE SHORE* RAILROAD BRIDGE AT PAINESVILLE. Morris Miller, John Pool, 688 THE BOOK OF OHIO. TUNNEL ON HOCKING \"ALLEY KAILKOAD. James Robinson, Michael Arthur, James Donaldson, James Cocker, Henry Bough, Hugh King, Roger Morledge, James Down- ing, Isaac Wilson, David Scho- field, Nathan Hunt, Zadoc Street, John Sloan, Cyrus Spink, Samuel Ouimby, Martin Arm- strong, William McKaig and Robert Fleming. The State reserved the right to purchase and hold said road, and all of its lateral branches, and authorized connections within Ohio, after 40 years, from the time fixed for its completion. Capital stock, $2,- 000,000. Sixth. — The Milan & Newark Railroad Company, by the act of February 7, 1832, from the head of the Milan Canal, at Milan, Huron County, through Norwalk, Mansfield, Bidleville, Mt. XTumon, Utica, and terminate at Newark. The incorporators were Timothy Baker, Abertha Sherley and N. M. Standart, Huron; Hugh McFall, It. P. Sturges and Robert Rowland, Richland; Daniel S. Norton, Jessie B. d'homas and Homer Curtis, Knox; Calvin K. Warner, Bradley Buckingham, John J. Brice, William Robinson, James Maholm, Itzekiel S. W'oods, George Baker and Joshua Mathiot, Licking. Capital stock, $1,000,000. Seventh. — The Columbus, Delaware, Marion N Sandusky Railroad Company, by the act of February 8, 1832, from Columbus, through Delaware, Marion, and Bucyrus to Sandusky. The incorporators were Lincoln Goodale, Gustavus Swan, Joseph Ridgway, Daniel Upson and Aurora Buttles of P'ranklin; William Little, Reuben Lamb, Hosea Williams, Fzra Griswold and Milo Pettibone of Delaware ; Sanford S. Bennett, George H. Busby, Hezekiah Gorton, lames C. Godman and Eber Baker of Marion; Ivbenezer Merryman, Zalmon Rowse, John Carey, Joseph Chaffee, joseph McCutchen and Henry St. Johns, Crawford; William H. Hollister, Burr Higgins, Isaac A. Mills and John K. Cani[)bell, Huron. Capital stock, $i ,000,000. Eighth. — The Cincinnati N St. Louis Railroad Company, by the act of February 8, 1832, from Cincinnati to the state line in the direction of Lawrenceburg, thence to Lawrenceburg, Indianapolis and St. Louis. The incorporators were Samuel W. Davies, Ethan ■Stone, W. Green, J. P. Eoot, George Graham, Calvin Eletcher, W. .S. Johnston, Lyman Watson and Alexander McGrew of Hamilton County. Capital stock, ,000,000. Ninth. — The Milan & Columbus Railroad Company, by the act of P'ebruary 11, 1832, from the head of Milan Canal, through Milan, Peru, New Haven and Mt. Gilead to Columbus. The incor- porators were Ralph Lockwood, Needham M. .Standart, Ldeazer Andrews, Ezra Smith, A. Ives, Matthew McPdvey and Moses ■,-U _ Kimball of 1 luron County; George ! 11 . Busby, Henry Ustick and Asa Mosher, Marion ; Bishop Meriam, Crawford; Benjamin L. Webb, Nathan Dustan, Benjamin Car- penter, Silas McClurg, Reuben Benedict, Shadrock Hubbell and Pidmund Bucks, Delaware ; James Robinson, John Bishop and PASSENGEK STEAMEK EKANK E. KIKBV, Between Sandusky and Detroit. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 689 A. W Taylor, Franklin. Capital stock, $1,000,000. Tenth. — The Chillicothe & Lebanon Railroad Company, by the act of February ii, 1832, from Chillicothe to Leesburg and Wilmington to Lebanon. Incor- porators : Thomas James, Wil- liam Key Bond, E. P. Kendrick, William Carson, Francis Camp- bell, John McNeil, Robert Gal- breath, James Manary, John McDonald, Aaron Foster and Moses Latter of Ross; Joel Wright, David Terrell, Jr., Charles Bell, Hugh Smart, Samuel McClure, George J. Hardy, Elihu Hiatt, Eleazer Hough and Pleasant Arthur of Highland ; Isaiah Morris, Aaron Betz, William Hibben, Chris- topher Hiatt, Nathan Linton, Warren Sabin and William Had- ley of Clinton ; Joseph Hender- son, George Hardy, Samuel Nixon, Phineas Ross, William Wilkinson, Henry Hyser and Anthony Dunlavy of Warren. Capital stock, $1,000,000. Eleventh. — The Port Clinton & (Lower) Sandusky Railroad Company, by the act of Eebruary ii, 1832, from (Lower) Sandusky to Port Clinton. The incorporators were: Ezekiel S. Haines, Samuel E. Hunt, David K. Este, Oliver M. Spencer and William Green of Hamilton County, and Elias H. Haines, Jesse ,S. Olmstead and Daniel Brainard, Jr., of Sandusky County. Capital stock, $200,000. In the charters of several of these companies was a clause permitting private individuals to pass over and along the tracks of the railway in their “ private vehicles ” under the rules adopted by the officers of the corporations, at a price per ton per mile not exceeding the tonnage schedule of the Miami & Erie Canal. Succeeding legislatures granted and secured charters and extended original charters, down to 1851, when, under the constitution of that year. legislative charters were abro- gated, or rather ceased, and they were granted under the provi- sions of law, general in its appli- cation. ‘ANNIE LAURIE” IN LOCKS AT STOCKPORT. .1' A HULET ORE UNLOADER TAKING ORE FROM A BOAT. In 1834-1835 the Yellow Creek, Carrollton & Zoar Rail- road was incorporated, extending from the mouth of Bigf Yellow Creek, in Jefferson County, through Carrollton to Zoar on the Ohio Canal, with a capital of $1,000,000, and in the same year the Short Creek, Cadiz & East- port Railroad was incorporated, extending from Jefferson County by the most practical route to Eastport on the Ohio Canal, with a capital of $500,000. In 1835 were incorpor- ated the Painesville & Fairport Railroad Company, from Paines- ville to Fairport, capital, $50,000; and the Oxford & IMiami Rail- road Company, from Oxford to Rossville, capital stock, $100,000. G 90 THE BOOK OF OHIO, — ’’ - - HK'IUGE OVEK TUSCARAWAS RIVER AT GOSHEN, Tuscarawas County. (S: Sandusky; Urbana & Columbus; Ver- million <1^ Ibrmingham; Wellsville & Fairport; Steubenville «S: Ohio; Mad River cV Lake Erie. In 1836 the following were incorporated: Ashtabula, Warren & East Liverpool ; Akron R Perrysburg; Bridgeport, Cadiz & Sandusky; Cuyahoga & Erie; Cleveland & Warren; Columbus, Delaware, Marion & Upper Sandusky ; Conneaut & Beaver ; Columbus, London & Springfield ; Chillicothe & Cin- cinnati ; Cuyahoga Falls Branch ; Columbus & Marysville ; Cleveland & Pittsburg ; Circle- ville & Washington ; Wilmington & Cin- cinnati ; Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati; Cincinnati Western; Ft. Wayne & Piqua ; Hanging Rock & Lawrence Furnace; Little Miami, Maumee & Kalamazoo; Mansfield & New Haven ; Melmore & Republic ; Mus- kingum & Ohio ; Muskingum N Columbus ; Newark & Mt. Vernon ; New Haven & Mon- roeville ; Ohio, Miami & Wabash; Ohio Rail- road Company, Stillwater & Maumee; Toledo The Cleveland N Lake Shore, the Bellefontaine N Perrysburg, the Maumee & Indiana, the Ohio City Marine Railway, and the Ohio, Indiana N Pennsylvania were incor- porated, numerous acts of incorporation were amended, and certain counties were authorized to subscribe for railroad stock to promote rail- way construction. In 1837 the Cleveland N Euclid, Columbia BIG FOUR SIX WHEEL SWITCHER. Made by Brooks Locomotive Works. from Columbus to the River was absorbet the New bhigland and Shen- andoah \ alley. Mileage, 187.03. Penetrates Lawrence, .Scioto, Pike, Ross, Pickaway and b'ranklin Counties. Northern ( )hio. — Mile- age, 178.19. Extends from Akron, .Summit County, south- westerly to Delphos in Allen County, passing through the counties of Medina, Lorain, Huron, Richland, Crawford, Wyandot, Putnam and Allen. Ohio Southern. — A reorganization of the Springfield, Jackson & Pomeroy. Mileage, 300.47. Extends from Lima southeastwardly through Allen, Auglaize, Shelby, Logan, Champaign, Clarke, Madison, Eayette, Ross, Pike and Jackson Counties. Toledo & Ohio Central. — Mileage, 469.91. PAtends southeastwardly from Toledo by two lines, one via Columbus and one via Pmcyrus and Thurston, passing through Lucas, Wood, Hancock, Hardin, Union, Eranklin, Seneca, Wyandot, Crawford, Marion, Morrow, Delaware, Knox, Licking, Pickaway, Eairfield, Perry, Athens, Washington and Meigs. Incorporated in 1869 as the Atlantic & Lake Erie, later changed to the Ohio Central. After consolidation of WHEELING X LAKE ERIE CONSOLIDATION ENGINE. various Small Companies, and passing through Made by Pittsburg Locomotive Works. ^ _ 1 o c> the courts and receiver’s hands, the present company was organized in 1892, and the line from Columbus to Toledo via Kenton was built and added, and other coal and mineral lines were leased. Toledo & Ohio Extension. — Mileage, 55.81. Itxtends chiefiy through Washington County, from Palos, on Ohio Central, to Marietta. Toledo, St. Louis Western. — The “Clover Leaf Route.” Mileage, 121.98. Extends southwest from Toledo, through Lucas, Wood, Henry, Defiance and Paulding, crossing into the ■State of Indiana at the west line of the latter county. The Wabash. — Mileage, 166.90. Extends from Toledo southwest through Lucas, Henry, Defiance and Paulding, and enters Indiana on the west line of the latter county. Wheeling & Lake Erie. — Extends south- easterly from Toledo through Lucas, Ottawa, FREIGHT ON PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD, Near Upper Sandusky. THE BOOK CF OHIO. 699 B. & O. ELEVATOR, SANDUSKY. CINCINiVATI, PORTSMOUTH & VIRGENIA RY. Tunnel at Arion, Scioto Countj-. Sandusky, Huron, Erie, Lorain, Medina, Wayne, Stark, Tuscarawas, Carroll, Harrison and Jefferson Counties. Mileage, 30S.37. Zanesville & Ohio River. — Mileage, 82.80. Extends from Zanesville to Marietta through the counties of Muskingum, Morgan and Washington. Minor Railroad Companies. — The following minor companies, or companies merely entering the State, have a mileage of less than 50 miles and, as a rule, are feeders to the larger companies, the counties named indicating their location : Addyston & Ohio River. — Mileage, 7.20. Hamilton County. Akron Transfer. — Mileage, 1.75. Summit County. Alliance & Northern. — Mileage, 27.00. From Alliance, Stark County, through portions ol Mahoning, Portage and Trumbull, terminating at Phalanx. It was originally the Lake Erie, Alliance & WTeeling. Ashland & WMoster. — Mileage, 14.00. WMyne County. Incorporated January 21, 1897. Ann Arbor. — Mileage, 21.08. Lucas County, entering from Michigan. Bar- berton Belt Line. — Mileage, 7.91. Summit Count}’. Cincinnati, George- town & Portsmouth. — Mileage, 44.50. From Cincinnati through Hamilton, Clermont and Brown to Georgetown. Incorporated December 23, 1880. Cincinnati, Lebanon & Northern. — Mileage, 48.69. Hamilton, Butler and WMrren Counties — Cincinnati to Lebanon. Cincinnati North- western. — Mileage, 6.50. Hamilton County. Cincinnati & WTstwood. — Mileage, 11.89. Hamilton County. Cleveland Belt N Terminal. — Mile- age, 13.18. Cuyahoga County. Columbus, Lancaster & Wellston. — Originally Lancaster & Hamden. Mileage, 22.00. From Stoutsville, Fairfield County, south to Bloomingville, Hocking. Dayton, Lebanon N Cincinnati. — Mileage, 16.90. Montgomery, WMrren and Hamilton CEDAR POINT RESORT AT SANDUSKY. 700 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Oi\E OK THE COAL IIANDLLNG PLANTS OF THE HOCKING VALLEY RAILWAY COMPANY AT TOLEDO. Counties. Dayton cK: Union. — Mileage, 34.96. Trom Dodson, in Montgomery County, to Union City, in Darke County. Eastern Ohio. — Guernsey County. Mileage, 19.90. I'he Hillsboro. — Mileage, 19.96. From Sarclina, in' Brown County, to Hillsboro in Highland. The Iron Railway. — Mileage, 23.45. Eawrence County. Ivory Dale & Mill Creek Valley. — Hamilton Count)'. Mileage, 6.00. Lake- side & Marblehead. — Ottawa County. Lake Terminal. — Mileage, 1 1.66. Cuyahoga County. Leased to the Johnson Company of Lorain, January i, 1898. Mahoning State Line. — Mileage, 1.9 1. Mahoning County. Operated by the Pitts- burpf & Lake Erie. Michio-an Central and Toledo, Canada Southern & Detroit in conjunction. — Mileage in Ohio, 35.31. Michigan Central operates Toledo, Canada Southern & Detroit. Middletown & Cincinnati. — From Middletown, Butler County, to junction with Little Miami. Mileage, 17.08. Ohio River & Lake Erie. — Mileage, 37.20. From Bergholz, Jefferson County, through Carroll to Minerva in Stark. Originally Lake Erie, Alliance & Southern. Reor- ganized November 6, 1897. Pittsburg, Bessemer & Lake Erie. — Mileage, 17-19. Penetrates Ohio in Ashtabula County. Pittsburg & Lake Ivrie. — Mileage, 29.60. Palters Ohio at Mahonings’ east line. Pittsburg, Lisbon & Western. — Mileage, 16.90. Columbiana County. Salem Railroad. — Mileage, 8.50. Columbiana County. St. Clairs- ville & Northern. — Mileage, 4.00. Belmont County. Toledo Belt. — Mileage, 4.20. Lucas County. Toledo & Northern. — Mileage, 5.08. Lucas County. Is an extension of the P'ayette branch of the Detroit & Chicago, and is operated by the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern. RAILROAD BRIDGE ACROSS THE OHIO AT KENOVA. = yi-j i' ‘Si. 0h \‘A -*• ■ *■• 'i. ■ r^,\ m 1 ''^'- < ■: >'■ ■i:' V ^ ’ STANDARD TRACK OF THE HOCKING VALLEY THE BOOK OF OBI 10. 703 The publishers of this Art Work avail themselves of the opportunity of saying a few pleasant things about the Ohio Central Lines, which appeal to Northwestern Ohio people particularly as their most progressive and painstaking railway. It has been the policy of the Passenger Department of these lines at all times and under all conditions to watch the private detail matters of comfort and accommo- dation of its patrons ; and no matter has ever been too small to command its attention and prompt and courteous consideration. The Ohio Central is the pioneer in such treatment of the public, and General Passenger Agent Mr. Moulton Honk has encouraged only such movements as would result in friendship to the lines, the returns from which have been the constant flow of pleasant remarks from the public, echoed by the Press of the whole State. STATE REPAIR BOAT ON HOCKING CANAL AT LOGAN. It is years since the papers have said aught but kind things about this popular line and its management. Aptly dubbed “Ohio Central Lines” because of their location geographically, they carry further and run loo miles south of the Ohio River into the very heart of West Virginia, passing through Charleston, its state capital, en route. Six hundred miles of road- way (500 in Ohio) are operated — most of it being second to none of the north and south roadways in operation — either in the character of its track, service or earning capacities. Electric and Street Railways. — During the sixth decade of the century, the street rail- ways operated by horse power made their appearance in many of the cities, and continued to expand and improve. Originally they embraced the tram-way principle of the first railroads, built on a reduced scale, more adapted to operation by horse power, and devoted solely to the interurban travel. Towards the close of the eighth decade, the study of electricity as a motive power, especially for the street car system, was entered upon by students, scientists and engineers, and by the close of the tenth decade superceded all other forms of motive power for street railways and interurban lines and came into use for many other purposes. The rise of electricity as a motive power quickly widened the sphere of the “street railroad.” Originally interurban, it soon became suburban, con- necting two or more cities or towns in hourly or half- hourly communication, receiving and delivering pas- sengers and light freight along the intervening lines. Already the following “ electric railways ” are in operation : Akron, Bedford & Cleveland; Akron, Cuyahoga Falls & Rapid Transit; Bellaire, Bridgeport & Martin’s Ferry ; Bucyrus & Crestline ; Canton & Massillon ; OLD HOTEL ON NATIONAL PIKE, NEAR COLUMBUS. Z. & O. RAILWAY TRAIN AT WATERFORD STATION. 704 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Cincinnati & Hamilton Electric ; Cincinnati & Miami Valley Traction; Cleveland, Berea, Elyria & Oberlin; Cleveland, Painesville & Eastern; Columbus & Westerville; Columbus & Grove City ; Dayton Traction ; Dayton & Western Traction ; Ironton Electric ; Lorain Street & Electric; Mahoning Valley; Miami Valley Electric; Mineral Ridge & Niles; Newark & Granville ; Sandusky, Milan & Norwalk ; Tiffin, Fostoria & Eastern; Toledo, Bowling Green «& Southern ; Toledo & Maumee Valley ; Trumbull Electric ; Tusca- rawas Electric ; Wheeling Electric ; Worthing- ton, Clintonville & Columbus. Four or five times as many more similar companies and lines are in process of construc- tion or organization, so that by the close of the first decade of the Twentieth Century the entire State will be cobwebbed with electric interurban roads, which will eventually be grouped into systems, carrying millions of local passengers, and handling an immense volume of light freights. While the most of these lines carry a large volume of passengers, there is no appar- ent diminuition of the volume of travel and traffic over the steam roads running on practi- cal parallel lines. They are a separate develo[)ment of business of almost limitless possibilities. 1 he application of electricity as a motive [jower to transportation is, as yet, in its infancy, and its final achievements are merely conjectural. The taking of the electric current direct is a thing of the future, and is in no sense chimerical. Then steam itself will be a thing of the past on all transportation lines, electricity propelling trains and cars, as well as superseding on all the public highways the present style of vehicles with the auto-vehicle, and the horse will largely disappear, so far as present uses are concerned. d'he achievements of the railroad, in its various forms of evolution, from the strap-rail CINCINNATI, GEOKGETOWN cV PORTSMOUTH RAILWAY. High liridge over White Oak Creek, tliree miles north of Georgetown, Brown County. One hundred and seven feet high. tram -way to the steel rail and substantial road bed is indeed a marvel. It carries more freight and passengers in a single day, to-day, than all the possible lines of transportation could have moved in a month, 75 years ago, and one hundred fold as much, day by day, as was possible 50 years ago. Practically all these great transportation lines have been put into operation during the last half century — prior to 1850, they were little more than experimental. Judging the result of the next 50 years by the results of the last 50, and in the light of modern progress, the possibilities are sufficient to stagger human credulity. .\N ELECTRIC CAR ON TOLEDO, BOWLING GREEN & SOUTHERN. William A. Taylor. CHAPTER XVIII. GAS AND OIL INDUSTRY. HE development of oil and gas in Ohio reads, in many of its details, like a fairy story. Not a dozen years after Ohio was admitted to the Union, oil was known to exist within its borders. Ohio is naturally the home of petroleum, as it was first discovered in the State as early as 1814, and probably as far back as 1812. As far as can be learned oil was first found in what is now Noble County, and within one mile of Caldwell, the county seat. In 1814 Robert McKee, one of the early pioneers and a man of great energy, began drilling a well for salt, and struck a crevice containing oil, which gave him great trouble in the manufacture of salt and which finally led to the abandonment of the well, and the drilling of other wells to obtain a supply of salt water free from the oil. These wells were located on Duck Creek. The first gas to be found in Ohio of any volume was in 1830, when Rufus P. Stone was boring near Malta, in Morgan County, for salt water, which he struck at the depth of 400 feet, as well as a fiow of natural gas. Natural gas has been known to exist at or near Findlay, Hancock County, since its first settlement. In several springs that issued from the limestone outcropping in the valley of Blanchard’s Fork, gas has always been known to escape in considerable quantity. The first discovery of gas in excavations in or around the town of Findlay seems to have been made in October, 1836. At a point three and one-half miles south of the Hancock County court house, in the northwest quarter of Section 5, Jackson Township, a man named Wade was digging a well on the farm of his brother-in-law, Aaron Williamson. The digging had been carried down ten feet deep and water was found in sufficient quantity. The workmen were ready to wall the well when they were called to supper. Coming back at the edge of evening to complete the work, a lighted bark torch ignited the gas in the well giving rise to a slight explosion. The gas appeared in quantity enough to maintain a fiame which burned for three months, when the snow and rain got the better of it and extinguished it. In 1838 Mr. Daniel Foster dug a well on his premises at the corner of Main and Hardin streets, in Findlay. The gas appeared in quantity and the water was too sulphurous for use. It occurred to Mr. Foster to get some good from his labor, though as a source of water the well was a failure. Placing an inverted sugar-kettle in the well, he collected the gas that rose beneath it, conveying it by means of a wooden pipe under his house to the fire place of one of the rooms. Here he burned it in an old gun-barrel, turning the heat to some economic account. The gas has been burning in that house from that day to this. The eras excitement broke out in vari- ous parts of Ohio as early as 1880. In 1883 and 1884 drilling of wells was going on at many points in Ohio. A company was formed at Bucyrus in the latter part of 1883 when a well was drilled there. The completion of the Bucyrus well so enthused Dr. Oesterlin that he formed a company for the purpose of drilling a deep well to determine whether or not gas could be found at or near Findlay in commer- cial quantities. This was the starting of the first gas well in the once famous Findlay gas field. The well was owned by a syndicate of citizens. The contractors were Brownyer & OIL WELLS BEIXG PUMPED BY RODS FROM A POWER HOUSE. 706 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Martin, of P)radford, Pennsylvania. The drill started on October 20, 1884, on the east side of Eagle Creek, and just beyond the corporation limits. As the drill descended gas wasdound in small quantities from 314 feet downwards, but larger veins were struck at 516, 618 and 640 feet. The supply from these sources was ample to furnish steam for drilling. At 718 feet a small quantity ol oil was found in the shale, but at 1,092 feet, early in the month of November of that year, a large tiow of gas was obtained. The gas was lighted and a blaze shot up thirty feet above the stand- pipe. The well was drilled to the depth of 1,648 feet, but was not increased, as salt water was encountered at 1,581 feet, that practically drowned out the gas. The second attempt to find gas at Findlay, was made by the Findlay Gas and Light Company, d'he well was located on the Company’s lot. Drilling was begun on December 20, 1884, and the well was drilled in early in January, 1885. It was a small gas producer of about 200,000 cubic feet per day. The famous Karg well was the 13th one drilled and to this monster gasser is due the opening up of various gas fields throughout northwestern Ohio. The Karg well was located in the valley and upon the bank of Blanchard river. The JACKSON RIDGE OIL FIELD, WOODSFIELD, MONROE COUNTY. contractors were the same as drilled the initial well. The drill was started in the Karg well in the early part of De- cember, 1885, and after twenty-four days of drilling a monster fiow of gas was struck at the depth of 1,144 feet, or twenty-six feet in the Trenton limestone. The well did 12,080,000 cubic feet. On the 9th of June, 1885, the Biggs Iron & Tool Company first welded iron and steel together in Northwestern Ohio with natural gas at Findlay. On the second week in June, 1887, says Howe’s History, three days’ Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, were given to celebrating the first anniversary of the practical application of natural gas to the mechanical arts in Findlay. It was a novel occasion — the first jubilee of its kind in history. “ Porty thousand visitors poured into the town to participate in the natural gas jubilee. The bustling city was ablaze with light and decorations, radiant in all the glory of fiags, evergreens, bunting and flowers. The main street was spanned with fifty-eight arches, bearing jubilant mottoes illum- inated by the flame of thousands of gas jets. Thirty thousand such jets were burning all over the city and turning the night into day. The flrst day was devoted chiefly to the reception of distinguished guests. The second day s exer- cises consisted of the laying of the corner stones for four new manufacturing establishments, in addition to those already, laid. Early in the day Senator John Sherman and other dignitaries arrived, and later came Governor Joseph B. Foraker, Adjutant General Axline and staff, and the regular officers of the army who were to act as judges of the THE BOOK OF OHIO. 707 military contest, and were accorded a most hearty reception. About i,ooo Knights of Pythias also arrived from Dayton, Cleveland, Toledo, Springfield, Bluffton, Columbus, Sandusky and other points, all accompanied with bands of music. Later in the day at least 5,000 spectators were attracted by the $1,000 prize drill. All day long the burning gas on the street arches flared in the light rains. In the evening there was a grand banquet, at which appropriate ad- dresses were made by Senator Sherman, Governor Foraker, Charles Foster, General Thomas Powell, Murat Halstead, and others. The evening’s illumination was a grand success. A continuous display of fireworks was made from seven o’clock until midnight, while 70,000 people packed roadway, walks, windows and roofs, and manifested in repeated applause their admiration of the spectacle. The last day was occupied with procession, military parades, prize drills, band contests at the Wigwam, the laying of various corner stones, and of the first rails of the belt and electric railroads. In the drill the first prize of $1,000 was won by the Toledo Cadets while the State University Cadets won the second prize of $500, and the Wooster Guards the third of $250.” Enterprising and public spirited citizens of other counties got the gas fever. Citizens of Bowling Green, Wood county, were the next to look up the contents of mother earth, and in January 1885 organized a company to prospect for gas. The first venture was started on February 4, 1885. On March 21, of the same year, the well was completed. A VIEW OF SCIO OIL FIELD. The well proved to be a small one, but this did not discourage the active citizens and they kept the good work up until a sufficient supply was found to pipe throughout their rapid growing city. About the tim^ that the gas wells were being drilled in Wood county, a well was drilled into the Trenton for- mation at Lima, which will be dwelt upon more at length later on. Findlay, Bowling Green and Lima were, as has been shown, the first three towns in northwestern Ohio to drill to the Trenton limestone. All were successful in find- ing gas, oil or both. It was altogether natural that all the towns surrounding them should be incited by this uniform success to start to drill for themselves, and they gradually grasped the opportunity. There are fifty counties of the western half of Ohio, and in at least forty-eight of them the Trenton limestones has been reached by the drill, and many of these counties have put down a great many wells. Not only have several wells been drilled in a single town in many cases, but drilling has also been done at many different points within the counties, not to speak of those coun- ties in which the wells are counted by the score, or even by the hundreds and thousands, condensed history of the early wells drilled in the Trenton limestone is herewith given as they were for gas and not for oil : The first well drilled for gas at Fremont was completed on July 8, 1885, the gas bearing sand being found at 1,328 feet, and after being shot was estimated good for 10,000 cubic feet per day. 708 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Fostoria’s first venture for gas was made in July, 1885, and slight indications of both oil and gas were found at the depth of 1,450 feet. Capitalists of Sandusky wanting to enjoy some of the good fuel in 1886 organized a company, and a well was drilled in that city, near the Kuebler brewery. The Trenton Limestone was found at 2,210 feet. At this depth slight indications of oil and gas were found, The well was shot with thirty quarts of nitro-glycerine and shortly after there was found to be two hundred feet of oil in the hole. Tiffin parties started to drill for gas late in 1885, and reached the gas bearing sand in January of 1886. The Trenton was reached at 1,490 feet. Oil, gas and salt water were found in small quantities. A POWEK HOUSE IN THE OIL FIELD. Itarly in 1886 a test well was drilled at Bloomville, several miles southeast from Tiffin, but the sand formation was found at the depth of 1,900 feet, and after drilling to a tlepth of 2,150 feet the sand was found barred of even salt water. A well was drilled at Marion, in November, 1885. I he sand was found at 1,678 feet and was drilled to the depth of 1,790 feet with no showing of oil or gas. riie test well drilled at Upper Sandusky, early in 1886, proved a rank failure, the sand being found at 1,340 feet. riie first well to be sunk at Toledo was done by the Toledo Rolling Mill Company. It was completed in Octo- ber, 1885, and located near their works on the east side of the Maumee river. I'he Trenton limestone was found at 1,398 feet, and drilled to the depth of 1,423 feet, where salt water was found. The well showed a little gas and sev- eral years later when an attempt was made to loosen the drive pipe with a small shot of nitro-glycerine at the bottom, the well flowed over the mouth of the hole at the rate of several barrels an hour. The second venture was made and it was drilled to the depth of 1,500 feet, but it made no return whatever. The third well was drilled by J. H. Hiett & Son, at Air Line Junction, at the Western part of the city. The Trenton in this well was found at 1,415 feet, where a small volume of gas was encountered with some oil. The indications are that the oil and gas was not found in the Trenton rock, but near the top of the Hudson River series at the depth of about 700 feet. The fourth well was drilled on the Gertz land at Point Place, in 1887. Quite a volume of gas was found in this venture and the Trenton rock was found not as VIEW ON AN OIL LEASE. VIEW OF DERRICKS. deep as in the former wells. The gas was eventually drowned out by the ever present floods of salt water. A well was drilled in 1885, at Maumee, by C. V. Orvis, for the village corporation. It had a fair volume of eras, but the title to the well became involved, and was referred to the courts for decision. Natural gas was first struck at Oak Harbor, Ottawa county, on July 5, 1886. The Trenton was found at 1,300 feet and gas in commercial quantities was found, and the town has had sufficient gas to supply fuel ever since. Mrs. Beckman had a test well drilled at Ottawa, Put- nam county, at her own expense in the winter of 1885. The Trenton was found at 1,330 feet, oil at 1,352 feet and the venture was drilled to 1,365 feet. The well pumped but OIL PUMPING STATION, NEAR LIMA, That Pumps Oil to Chicago. Has Capacity of 28,000 Barrels Every 24 Hours. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 709 twenty barrels of heavy gravity oil when salt water made its appearance, and the well was abandoned. Gas has also been found in various parts of Allen, Auglaize, Mercer, and various counties in Northwestern Ohio. The following table is one of history and shows the first wells completed in the various towns of the State, the county, in which they are situated, the year of completion, the depth to the oil or gas bearing sand, and the product of the well, whether oil, gas or dry. The table is the first of the kind to be compiled and is of great value to all resi- dents of the country: Town. County. Year. Trenton. Product Town . County. Year. Trenton. Product. Nevada, Wyandot, 1887, 1.763. Dry. Leipsic, Putnam, 1886, 1456, Oil. Carey, W yandot. 1885, 1.326, Gas. Wauseon, Fulton, 1887, 2.135. Dry. Bradner, Wood, 1886, 1,222. Oil. Bryan, Williams, 1885. 1.990. Dry. Elmore, Ottawa, 1887, 1,250, Dry. Hicksville, Defiance, 1 886, 1.684, Oil. Port Clinton, Ottawa, 1887, I ,660, Dry. Defiance, Defiance, 1886, 1 ,670, Dry. LaCarne, Ottawa, 1886, 1.390, Dry. Napoleon, Henry, 1886, 1.750. Dry. Genoa, Ottawa, 1887, 1,292, Gas and Oil. Deshler, Henry, 1887, 1.485. Dry. Woodville, Sandusky, 1886, 1,184, Water. Wapakoneta, Auglaize, 1885, 1.235. I 3 ry. Clyde, Sandusky, 1886, 1.750, Dry. St. Marys, Auglaize, 1886, 1,195. Oil. Bluffton, Hancock, 1886, 1,296, Oil. Celina, Mercer, 1886, 1,110, Dry. Cannonsburg, Hancock, 1 886, 1,300, Oil and Gas. St. Henrys, Mercer, 1 886, 1.156, Oil and Gas Arcadia, Hancock, 1887, I, 1 76, Gas. •Sidney, Shelby, 1885, T.205, Oxy. Ada, Hardin, 1886, 1.433. Dry. Bellefontaine, Logan, 1 886, 1.540. Di-V. Kenton, Hardin, 1886, 1.550, Dry. Belle Center, Logan, 1885, 1,310, Gas. W eston. Wood, 1886, L55O, Oil and Gas. Huntsville, Logan, 1 887, 1,400, Dry. Bairdstown, Wood, 1886, 1,065, Gas. Marysville, Lhiion, 1887, 1 ,664, Dry. Jerry City, Wood, 1 886, I. 155. Dry. Delaware, Delaware, 1 887, 1.950. Dry. Bloomdale, WMod, 1886, 1,065. Gas. Prospect, Marion, 1887, 1,650, Dry. V an W ert. \’an Wert, 1886, 1 .220, Oil. Greenville, Darke, 1 886, 1,136, Dry. Delphos, \Hn Wert, 1886, 1,228, Dry. Piqua, Miami, 1 886, 1.185, Dry. Ottawa, Putnam, 1885. 1.330, Oil. Springfield, Clarke, 1885, 1, 140, Dry. Columbus Grove, Putnam, 1885, 1,278, Oil. In many of the more southern counties of the state wells were drilled for gas and the Trenton rock passed through without any good results. The Trenton rock rises toward the surface the farther south and other formations are drilled into to secure the pfas. In the Lancaster field the gras Is found in abundance in the Clinton limestone, and is one of the most profitable gas fields now in the State. This new field was iound about 1887 and shows much better staying qualities than does the Trenton limestone, which is practically drained of its gas supply. It is estimated by very conservative parties that the costs of the various gas lines throughout the State will be well up in the neighbor- hood of $50,000,000. Crude Oil in Ohio. — As mentioned before the first crude oil found In Ohio was in Noble county in 1814 while drilling for salt, but the first man who drilled expressly for oil in Ohio was James Dutton, and the venture was made near Caldwell. To him is due the distinction of the finding of oil about one and a half miles southeast from Macks- burg. It was drilled by the spring pole system, and was drilled during the ’50’s. This well was a monster in those days; doing as high as one hundred barrels, valued at ten dollars a barrel. Just before the war the new oil area was becoming prominent, but the war came on and business was at a stand still. Since the war the oil development has increased. Oil was produced in fairly good quantities in southeastern Ohio as earh' as 1865, but there were no pipe lines to care for the product and operations were not on an extensive scale. During 1875 arrangements were made by the pipeline companies to handle the product and operations commenced and have continued steadily until the present time. Since the pipe lines have handled the product of that part of the State, the output has been, to the first of the present year, just 32,979,107 barrels. The shallow oil fields of the State came into prominence during the year 1889, and the output from that district since then has been 19,525 barrels. This is what is known as a heavy lubricant and is found in Lorain and adjoining counties. For years the famous Black Swamp of Northwestern Ohio was recognized as a fertile and productive agricultural country, at first subject, from its low levels, to miasma and fevers, but later, under the splendid drainage system estab- lished, growing into one of the most beautiful as well as one of the most productive agricultural regions of the United States. Fifty years ago all of this section was practically a wilderness, but where now are many opulent farmers and thousands of hime oil derricks there was then a continuous wilderness. o The development of oil and gas in Northwestern Ohio fifteen years ago was a source of much surprise to the oil trade of the East. It had come to be believed by nearly all old line oil operators that oil and gas, somewhere, became a product of, or was, indigenous to, mountainous regions alone. When, therefore, the news flashed over the wires of the finding of oil by Mr. Ben. A. Faurot, at his paper mill, at Lima, on the 9th day of May, 1885, it was not credited by one-fifth of those members of the industry who read it. But the fact remained just the same. In the short space of a single decade, an industry of vital importance to the state and nation has arisen from that small beginning. When it is said an industry has arisen, this does not properly convey the impression that naturally attaches to the business as it now appears. If, at a single glance, an observer could cast his eyes over the numerous counties BISHOP OIL FIELDS, WOODSFIELD, MONROE COUNTY. THE BOOK OF OHIO. Til of Northwestern Ohio, viz; Wood, Hancock, Allen, Auglaize, Sandusky, Lucas, Mercer, Seneca, Van Wert, Ottawa, Wyandot, Hardin, Shelby, Henry, Putnam, Paulding, and other counties and behold the life and activity pre- vailing, the energy displayed; the apparent recklessness exercised in the use and hazzard of money ; note the thousands of well paid men employed in the various branches of which the industry is composed ; the great net work of pipe lines from two inches in diameter to the trunk line of eight inches, embracing the entire area of the oil belt; the innumerable iron storage tanks that contain an average of 35,000 barrels each that dot the lines of rail- ways from one end of the field to the other ; the bustling and hustling towns and villages which have sprung up, flourished and prospered under the magic touch of this mighty financial force ; the homes of poverty that have been transformed into palaces of plenty and splendor ; observe the great system of transportation of both oil and gas by the use of the most gigantic force pumps that have yet done service for man ; the curling', twistings blackening smoke issuing from innumerable smokestacks of the largest oil refineries of the world ; behold the enormous railway trains, drawn or propelled by ponderous engines hastening this precious substance to its destiny in the beneficial service of the human race, a limited view of this mighty and progressive industry of a decade’s growth, may be had. Rock Characteristics. — Before proceeding further in the ac- count, it may be well enough to give a little history of the conditions in which oil and gas are fouad in Ohio, and in what particular they differ from those existing in the Eastern oil fields. In the first place the one particular formation from which these products are obtained in Ohio is known as the Trenton limestone. Between the characteristics of this formation and those of the sands from which oil is obtained in other states and countries there is a wide variation. Even the Trenton rock itself is of varying constituencies. That portion of it which contains oil and gas is, in geological parlance, termed a dolomite. This of course, arises from the abundance of magnesia found therein. Wherever oil is found in rich quantities in this Trenton forma- tion, granular streaks varying in thickness ex- ist. These contain the dolomitish agent re- o ferred to in proper degree. The rock is porous, or inclined to seams or small crevices. In all cases the oxide of magnesium, and as a rule, the sulphate of iron commonly termed p)'rites of iron, are discovered in good quantity. A sample analysis of the forms of the Trenton which are barren and prolific is herewith given : Prolific. — Carbonate of lime, 50; car- bonate of magnesia, 44; allumina and iron, 1.25; silicious residue, 1.70; Miscellaneous, 3.05. Total, 100 per cent. Barren. — Carbonate of lime, 80; car- bonate of magnesia, 01; allumina, 07; silicious VIEW OF OIL DEKKicKS IN SUBURBS OF LIMA. matter, 12. Total, TOO per cent. FILLING A TORPEDO WITH NITRO GLYCERINE. TANK FARM NEAR LIMA. Each Tank Has a Capacity of 35,000 Barrels. THE BOOK OF OHIO, J’ANOKAMIC VIEW OF STANDARD OIL COMPANY’S 'I'he I’'irst Lima Well. — The first well as above mentioned, that was the opening up of the great oil industry of Northwestern Ohio, was completed by Mr. Benj. C. Faurot at the Lima Paper Mill plant, on May 9, 1885, and when the drill stopped in the Trenton rock formation there were no signs of anything, the rock was practically barren. 'The owners concluded to test it further by giving a shot, before abandoning it. The well was shot with rack-a-rock, instead of nitro-glycerine. This is an explosive compound consisting of giant powder and other explosive agents. It served a similar purpose to that of glycerine. But to the astonishment of the owners and spectators, the well re- sponded with jiositive evidence of good petroleum. It was tubed and put to pumping, and yielded for some time about twenty-live barrels of oil a day. Here we have the first real oil well of Northwestern Ohio. From the day that it first began to yield to the present time, interest in the business has never declined. As stated before the news of its success was not credited by the oil men. Many, however, considered it of sufficient importance to pay it a visit and subject it to inspection. As these deiiarted, others came. The stories related concerning the quantity of oil the well produced, seemed to agree, but there was a diversity of opinion as to the (juality ot the article. It possessed a rank, sickish and sulphurous odor that was exceedingly offensive to the nostrils of all Eastern men. Many of them looked upon it as entirely PANORAMIC VIEW OF “MANHATTAN” THE BOOK OF OHIO. 713 TANK FARM AT CYGNET, WOOD COUNTY’. worthless for any purpose other than that of generating heat for steam purposes. Eastern operators were not anxious at that time to grasp the opportunity, and it was left to the hustling citizens of Lima to carry the good work on. The Citizens Gas Company was immediately organized, and during the month of December, 18S5, completed a well that produced forty barrels of oil a day. The second well caused intense excitement. The Strawboard well by this time had hardly ceased producing, and it was entirely lost sight of in the mad rush to behold that well that was producing forty barrels a day. Regardless of odor or other conditions, outsiders as well as innumerable insiders now began to hustle for drilling sites, all over the city. But little was done in the active line until the spring of 1886, although by the close of the month of April that year, fourteen wells had been added to the producing list ; not quite a year from the date of the completion of the initial producer. During the winter months of 1885 and 1886 there was a lively scramble outside the city of Lima as well as inside for leases. As yet but little attention was paid to the development by the trade East. The work of preparation for development was left entirely for home talent and energy. George P. Waldorf and J. B. Townsend, two active young business men of Lima, were the first to make terms with a neighboring farmer by which a well was to be drilled upon his place. STANDARD OIL COMPANY'S REFINERY’ AT WELKER, WOOD COUNTY’. 714 THE BOOK OF OHIO. This is one of the first recjuisites in the development of an oil field. The man who leases the land becomes the forerunner of whatever follows. Oil men are not desirous of purchasing lands in fee-simple. They prefer to lease the same, paying a royalty or landlord share of the product obtained. This is now, as a rule, one-sixth. In the begin- ning it was one-eigth, but competition afterwards in the demand for lease privileges, forced the royalty interest up to one-sixth. The two gentlemen named paid a visit to the Bradford, Pennsylvania, field for the purpose of increasing their knowledge of the business of taking leases and drilling wells. They returned accompanied by David Kirk and Farmer Dean, of McCalmont Oil Company, who were their escorts in the land of oik A company was formed and incorporated as the Trenton Rock Oil Company, for the purpose of securing lands by lease and drilling the same. Idle share holders of this company consisted ot several of the most substantial business men of Lima, among them being B. C. Faurot, who, at this time, was practically leader of all important business enterprises in that stirring city. d'his company lost no time in the work of securing lands. It followed the directions indicated by nearly all profitable oil belts of the east, viz; northeast to southwest. Taking the Lima wells as a starting point, all the lands in both directions that could be obtained were secured in the manner above described, until the franchises covered more than 50,000 acres. The great bulk of these holdings, lay to the northeast on the line of the Lake Erie & Western SOLAK KEFINERY AT LIMA, LOADING RACK IN THE FOREGROUND. railway, which follows a northeasterly course to Findlay, thirty miles distant. While the Trenton Rock Company was laying foundations for future fortunes, as it supposed in this manner, the drill was performing its functions on city lots throughout the corporation of Lima with very valuable and inspiring results. Lima became the scene of an activity rarely witnessed even in an oil El Dorado. The richness of that territory made it quite profitable to operate at from forty to fifty cents a barrel. The result was that by the close of 18S6, no fewer than 200 wells were producing: yielding 9,000 barrels of oil a day. The city itself grew in population so rapidly, that its fame became not only na- tional, but almost universal. It is said that its population doubled in about one year. Starting with 4,500 barrels, by the first of April, 1S87, the yield of the field had reached 10,500 barrels a day. The success attending this development inspired other communities to action in a similar direction. Findlay people who had already discovered oil in a gas well on the western borders of the town, became inspired to renewed energy. The result was the opening of a pool west of that city, which has rendered enormous returns to investors, and has aided largely in sustaining the commercial standing of that community. The field, in general at the begin- ning, was not as productive as that of Lima, and, therefore, not so attractive. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 715 VVe are now fairly started on the grand circuit of oil developments in Ohio. One year’s operations convinced the petroleum world that Ohio contained oil supplies in great quantity ; but being of an inferior rank and quality to that found in the Eastern fields, a question arose as to what benefit it would be to producers, or mankind in general. This problem became of paramount importance. As local capital was insufficient to cope with the demands for in- creased facilities in the transportation and storage of the product, its use at the beginning was entirely in the direction above related, that of generating steam in contiguous communities. It is an exceedingly valuable article of fuel. Its value in that direction depended on its ability to cope with cheap coal. Appliances for its use under large stationary boilers were quickly perfected, and when the price descended in response to the pressure of the great increase of the daily output, the demand for this purpose increased very rapidly. So much so that it required an extensive increase of railroad facilities in the shape of tank cars, to comply therewith. When these became sufficient this oil for a time had no competitor in the fuel market. Developments were prosecuted with great earnestness in all directions. The success attending each successive well, added fresh fuel to the fire. Eastern operators began at once to join the ranks of the west in great numbers. As a consequence, the regions south and southwest, as well as to the north and northeast, were invaded by innumer- SOLAR REFINERY, NEAR LIMA, BUILT IN 1887, BY STANDARD OIL COMPANY. able leasers, and speculators, and in 1887 operations had extended as far southwest as to St. Marys, thirty miles from Eima. The results attending nearly all of the original tests in that direction were discouraging, except those more closely related to the initial development. The Trenton Rock Company seemed to have a cinch upon the region to the northeast, and other invaders were naturally forced in the opposite direction. The line adopted by the company, alter the sinking of numerous tests, was abandoned and the leases with a few exceptions both at Findlay and Lima were returned to the land owners. A few of the farms secured proved valuable, but the Trenton Rock Company in 1889 disposed of its holdings, and went out of business in Ohio, a loser to some considerable extent. Meanwhile the forces that had been driven to the southwest course, were nearly all successful for a distance of eight or ten miles. The oil deposit seemed to come to a halt a short distance northeast of Lima, and operators had no other course to pursue but the opposite; but of late years the Findlay and Lima fields have been closely connected. The daily output increased rapidly and a serious question at once arose, what was to become of it ? A pipe line and refining company with a limited capital was effected at Findlay quite early. This company miscalculated in two ways: They over-estimated their own strength and largely under-estimated the capacity of the field that was just opened. THE BOOK OF OHIO. ](•) The leading spirits of the National Transit or Standard Line in the east surveyed the scene and lost no time in forming a company, for the sole and only purpose of piping oil, and known as the Buck- eye Pipe Line Company. This company started the foundation lor the first mammoth iron storag'e o tank, of a 35,000 barrel capacity at Lima, on May I, 1886, and on May ii, 1886, commenced taking oil in the Lima field, at forty cents per barrel at the wells. As the work progressed in the fields and it became evident that pipeage and storage were des- tined to play an important part in the conduct of the business, the same were constructed as speedily as possible. The product was condemned by nearly every person capable of making an analysis as unfit for any use except as fuel. In this the Standard rep- resentatives were guided by the judgment of the scientists in their employ as well as out of it. They at once established a fuel department in connection with the business and thereby created quite a large demand for the article. Up to 1888 the oil trade so far as the production was concerned, was in the hands of men whose interests were entirely confined to that branch of the business. Up to that date there were two separate and distinct forces engaged in the petroleum industry. The first was devoted to the production of the crude, and the second to its transportation and manufacture. These ele- ments were frequently antagonistic. Dangerous contests frequently arose. The refining force de- sired to dictate policies and values. The other naturally opposed. It was apparent that the Isralites must be controlled or Egyptian despotism would be endangered. While Joseph was in the saddle, or the councils of the king and the queen prevailed there was apparent harmony, b'inally a new king arose who knew not Joseph. Then the work of absorption commenced. The producing trade was startled by the news one fine morning that the Standard Oil Company, which until this time had devoted its energies to shipping and refining the product, was in the field leasing lands, buying producing properties and drilling oil and gas wells just like other peo[)le. In Ohio this business commenced in the name of Wil- liam bdeming. Under his name large areas of land were leased and wells drilled in great num- bers in every corner or district where oil was found. An army of “ advance agents ” otherwise known as leasers, spread itself over the whole producing realm. The opposition created in this way to the former producing element was serious and extreme- ly annoying. The power of un- limited capital was felt now as it had never been felt before in the business. It was next to impos- sible to compete with the agents of the aggressor in the natural contests that arose for territory to drill, especially if it looked at all valuable. Then, the large increase in the daily output which , the oil fields. SnOOTINO AN OIL WELL. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 717 occasioned this move, forced the Buckeye Pipe Line to the construction of iron storage tanks in great numbers. At the same time that production increased, prices gradually declined, until in 1889 they reached the remarkable price of fifteen cents a barrel. Meanwhile operations spread over extensive areas in Hancock, Wood, Allen and Auglaize counties, but as compared with Wood County, all other sections appeared as mere offshoots of the great deposit so far as the capacity of the wells to produce is concerned. We have now reached the interesting stage in the opening of a great oil field. It may not be necessary to treat the subject in its various phases from that time to the present. From a single well located on a city lot, we have pushed forward in the work of drilling in Northwestern Ohio until 42,504 wells stand to our credit up to the close of 1900, and 1,000,000 acres of producing territory are opened to public view. All of these wells do not produce oil, for 6,050 of them were worthless from their completion. Nor is all the territory embraced in the outlines of the acreage named productive. The oil regions present a picture or coat of many colors. Its .skin is as spotted as that of any leopard on earth, and the game which oil men play in the dark to lose or win in trying to find the “spots” is one that only those gifted with reckless pluck and daring will appreciate. While few are successful in locating jugulars, perhaps one hundred are rewarded with a light showing or a complete duster, which means a dry hole. When the figures are contemplated it becomes a matter of serious doubt whether the price of a fortune in the oil business is worth the outlay. This, however, does not alter the fact that the outlay has been made and that the State and country has been benefitted to a degree by no means appreciated. The single item of taxes paid annually to the State and counties where the product is obtained is of greater magnitude and importance than anyone has heretofore calculated. Wherever the oil fraternity has found it profitable to remain, there you will find evidence of thrift and prosperity, beginning with the humble tiller of the soil. The Black Swamp of Wood County is in evidence on this line. Scores of farmers who had managed to subsist on cold lunches of corn bread, pork and beans, bad water and worse milk, and no whiskey at all, suddenly found themselves surrounded with all the luxuries that large incomes could afford. Many of them lived in log huts, whose numerous “ air holes ” had rag stuffings and whose apartments upstairs consisted of a single room. In some cases they seemed to appreciate the change and take delight in exhibiting their financial ability. xT single instance will, perhaps, be sufficient, but scores might be given from a personal knowledge of the writer. A farmer of Liberty Township, Wood County, dwelt in a small log house and cultivated a portion of a 40 acre tract, the greater part of which was entirely too low and wet to be of any use. At the first opportunity he leased the land for oil purposes. The first well was a success, flowing 4,000 barrels a day. The morning that it was drilled in, the farmer happened to stand in front of his abode, south of which about 400 feet, the well was located. Lifting his eyes he saw the column of oil suddenly rise far above the top of the derrick, and remain there, a great black geyser. An ax which he held flew from his hand, and he exclaimed, “ no more corn bread.” This is the way this man felt, and he gave expression accordingly. In less than five months he possessed fine equipages in the way of horses and carriages, and above all a palatial home, nicely adorned and appointed with all the modern appliances. On December 18, 1886, the first oil well in Wood County was completed by \"andergrift and McDonald on the Dave Fulton farm, three miles north of North Baltimore. Its advent was a great surprise, not only to the owners, but to the entire trade as well. None of the owners were in the region when the well came in, so little interest was taken in the outcome. It started with a production of 600 barrels a day, and was the keynote of an excitement that con- tinued without abatement until the greater part of the two townships of Liberty and Henry were under lease. The next well to further startle the petroleum world was brought in during the spring of 1887, on the Slaughterbeck farm, near Cygnet, in Henry Township. It was owned by a company of tenderfeet from Bowling Green and Toledo, and yielded 1,500 barrels a day. This was followed by one on the Dustman farm adjoining, owned by Smith and Ziegler, that was estimated at 10,000 barrels capacity. From that time on for nearly two years these enormous gushers came in with surprising regularity, and were not confined to any one section or locality. In fact, there was hardly a farm on a space four miles wide and extending from the base of Henry Township northward to the center of Libert)', that did not have one or more of them. A well that did not yield 100 barrels a day was considered of little worth, and one of 25 barrels was placed in the dry column. In the meantime the William Fleming combination continued the struggle for supremacy in the producing busi- ness. With that end in view a “wholesale” s)’stem of accumulation, by purchase of other producers’ interests, was inaugurated. This was continued for two years, and resulted in about three-fourths ol all the producing territory then in sight, together with the wells thereon, passing into the hands of that institution. This operation was watched with considerable concern by the independent element, and especially by those members ol it who felt somewhat hostile toward the Standard Company. It was admitted by all that one of two things must ensue. The Standard Oil Company must control the oil business or an eternal and sanguinary war would alwa)'s continue between the two contending forces. Recent results have shown clearly which side was the weaker. Not only the western but the entire eastern trade also, has become almost entirely under the control of that body. Without a company like the Standard in Ohio, the crude product would have no value. The whole Trenton Rock oil field of Northwestern Ohio now presents a picture of surprising splendor so tar as mineral wealth is concerned. From the earth daily in Ohio is received 65,000 barrels of oil. This valued at 75 cents a barrel, gives ^^48,250 every 24 hours. Of course the outlay necessary to produce this is very great. But it would be OIL LOADING STATION AT OIL REFINERY, WELKER. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 719 a fair estimate to place the annual profits to the trade at large at $5,000,000. This is from the production of oil alone. Then there is the outlay necessary to the transportation and storage of the product. Millions of dollars have been expended in this direction in the construction of pipe lines through which all the oil now passes. Could a birdseye view of the entire region be had, and the miles of two-inch, three-inch, four-inch, six-inch and eight-inch lines computed, the reader would be ready to doubt the accuracy of the statement. The second eig^ht-inch line has been constructed to Cleveland from Cygnet, and there are two of the same stripe to Whiting, Indiana. These lines alone require an outlay of perhaps $5,000,000. The saving annually in freight, caused by them, is not less than $2,000,000. The profits arising from the transportation of the product through the local lines, which reach every well in the region, is not less than 15 cents a barrel. This on 65.000 barrels a day is $9,750. But it might be asked, how is this profit secured when one company runs the wells and the pipe lines also ? This is easy when understood. The company calculates 20 cents a barrel lor piping the oil from the wells to the delivery point. The organization perform- ing this branch of the service conducts its business on that basis. Less than five cents a barrel pays all costs, leaving 15 cents for profit. No matter who takes the oil or for what purpose, the 20 cents pipeage must be paid. The con- sumer in the end pays this freight, but he enjoys the luxury of a brilliant light upon his pathway and in his home. When he recalls the tallow candle and dip, by which he read the pages of his Bible, or a desertation on the fictions and fables, he smiles at the infantile proportions of all illuminating tariffs. The community where the commodity is pro- duced is richer because of it. The State becomes more prosperous, the nation’s revenue becomes enlarged, and the whole world becomes much more brilliant. Ohio’s Oil Production. — Ohio has within its borders close to 700 of the mammoth iron storage tanks of from 28,000 to 35,000 barrels capacity. In these tanks at the close of business December 31, 1900, there were close to 18,000,000 barrels of the crude product. Outside of the Trenton Rock district of Northwestern Ohio, are several other pools of no small magnitude. The Southeastern Ohio field, including the counties of Perry, Morgan, Noble, Washing- ton, Monroe and Belmont, comprises that portion of the field. The oil bearing sand in that part of the State is known as the Berea Grit and the Cow Run sand. Another field, which will be mentioned more fully later on, is the Mecca- Belden section, located in Trumbull and Lorain Counties. The following interesting statistics of the oil produced in Ohio from the Northwestern Ohio. Southeastern Ohio, and the Mecca-Belden fields are herewith given ; the production of Southeastern Ohio runs from 1875, the Northwestern Ohio from 1886, and the Mecca-Belden from 1889. It shows the amount produced each year from the fields mentioned: URIULERS AXD PUMPERS OFF TOWER OX LEV'ERTOX FARM, Xear Bowling Green. A NITRO-GUYCERINE FACTORY. Year. 1875 1876 1877 1S78 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1SS4 1885 1886 I 8S7 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 Xorthwestern Southeastern Mecca- Ohio. Ohio. Belden. 200,000 31763 29,888 38.179 29, I I 2 38,940 33.S67 66 1 ,580 47.632 90,081 661,580 1,776,845 703.945 5.152,709 372.257 9,682,683 297.774 12,153,189 318,277 1,240 15,014,882 1, 1 16,52 1 1.440 1 7-3 75.978 424.323 1.440 15,169,509 1,193414 3.1 12 13,646,804 2,602,965 1-571 13,607,884 3,184,310 940 1 5,850,609 3.694,624 1476 20.575,138 3.366.031 666 720 THE BOOK OF OHIO. PANOKAMIC VIEW IN WOOD COUNTY Yi-.-ir. North western Ohio. Southeastern Ohio. >lecca- Hehien, RECAPITULATION. Fields. Production. Barrels. 1897 I 8,682.678 2,877,193 710 Northwestern Ohio Field, 208,399,945 I 898 16,317,570 2,964,624 860 Southeastern Ohio Field, 33-271,984 I 899 16,077,995 4,601 ,827 2,910 Mecca-Belden Field, 19.525 I 900 I 7 ' 375-5 14 4,020,2 19 3,260 All other pools in State, 6.312,463 'botal. 208,399,945 33-271.984 19-525 Grand total. 248,003,91 7 I'he above figures, which are as near accurate as can be given, show that the various oil pools of Ohio have pro- duced 248,003,917 barrels of crude oil, which on an average of 75 cents per barrel, represents that the various purchasers of crude oil have paid the farmer and oil man the handsome sum of 5^186,002,937.75 since oil was first run by pi[)e line in Ohio. This large amount of money has been distributed among the people of the State. Close to one- sixth of the amount has gone to the farm owner, who has enjoyed it more than any other class of people. It lifted the burden of indebtedness from their land and has given the farmers sufficient ready cash to give their children a college education. The following are the wells drilled in the Trenton Rock oil field of Northwestern Ohio, by years, since the first well was completed for gas at Findlay : Year. Wells Completed. Dry Holes. Prior to 1890 7.335 1.395 [890 2,151 I4I 1891 1.572 246 1892 1,465 188 1893 1.877 320 1894 3,001 440 1895 5.559 830 1896 4.339 626 1897 2.755 490 1898 2,852 367 1899 4.469 413 1900 5.129 594 Total, 42,504 6,050 The above figures show that 42,504 wells have been drilled for oil and gas in the northwestern part of the State. At an average cost of $1,600 per well it shows an outlay of 5 f STANDARD OIL COMPANY’S BUILDING, LIMA. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 721 SHOWING OIL WELLS. $68,006,400. This is for the completion of wells alone, to say nothing of the bonus paid for leases, the laborers employed in the oil well regions, outside of those employed as drillers and tool dressers, the nitro-glycerine used in shooting the wells, and many other things too numerous to mention. The amount of money expended for nitro- glycerine alone represents a princely fortune, as no less than 5,000,000 quarts of the explosive have been burned up in mother earth in Northwestern Ohio. The wells above mentioned are located in the various counties of Wood, Hancock, Allen, Auglaize, Sandusky, Lucas, Mercer, Seneca, Van Wert, Wyandot, Ottawa and Shelby, and the counties denominated miscellaneous are Darke, Henry, Hardin, Fulton, Williams, Dehance, and others along the western border of the State. The wells are distributed as follows : Wells completed in Wood County, 14.117; Hancock, 6,518; Allen, 4,223; Auglaize, 4,523; Sandusky, 5,984; Lucas, 1,325; Mercer, 2,701; Seneca, 575; Van Wert, 346; Wyandot, 396; Ottawa, 334; Shelby, 229; mis- cellaneous, 1,233, niaking a total of 42,504 completed wells. The first monthly oil report of operations in the Northwestern Ohio oil field was compiled by George A. Whit- ney, Jr., of Toledo, Ohio, for the Toledo “Com.mercial” and Oil City (Pa.) “ Derrick” on September i, 1890, showing the full report for the month of August of that year. The reports have been continued from then to the present time, and have been a great source of information to the oil public. Wood County. — As an oil producing county, Wood County, the heart of the Black Swamp, stands without an equal. Even the famous Bradford, Pennsylvania, field in its palmy days was no comparison to this county. The drilling in of the Fulton farm well, as men- tioned before, was the signal for further operations, which gradually spread over the largest part of the county. The richest part of the county was found in Henry, Bloom, Portage and Liberty Townships. In these townships wells ranging from 500 to 10,000 barrels a day were numerous. The largest well drilled in the county was the famous Ducat well, that has always been considered a 10,000 barrel gusher. The richest part of the field extended from North Baltimore to the north as far as Rudolph. At the last named place many wells doing a thousand barrels were completed. In the early days of oil the loledo & Ohio Central Railroad was consid- ered the dividing line of the field. The west side was rich in oil, while on the east it was termed worthless on account of the heavy body of salt water. Later years show a great VIEW OF OIL DEKKICKS IN DISTANCE FROM LIMA. THE BOOK OF OHIO. production where the heavy salt water was found. Since then oil has been found in large (juantities at a depth of from lOO to 300 feet in the Trenton limestone. This deep sand pay is found along what is known as the Mungen- Ilaskins sucker rod belt, and is very narrow in places. Fen years ago had a person said that oil would be found at that depth in the Tren- ton he would have fared worse than a fellow would at the Beaumont, Texas, rusher, who would try to give the Texas well a black eye in a crowd of cowboys in that district. There are sixteen townships in the county in which oil has been found in paying quantities, viz : Henry, Bloom, Berry, Liberty, Portage, Mont- gomery, Freedom, d'roy. Lake, Ross, Webster, Perrysburg, Middleton, Washington, Plain and Milton. During the year of 1890 and 1891 there was a Qrenuine old-time oil boom on at Prairie Depot, in Montgomery Township. Pown lots were drilled with huge derricks close together. At one time there were close to 150 wells under way that could be counted with the naked eye from the top of a derrick in the town limits. Wood County has contained more large oil producing wells than any other county in the State. The wells are on a more even average than any other portion of the field. The west edge of Henry, Liberty and Plain Townships, where the dip in the oil rock is found, bids fair to yet develop sufficient oil to pay the investment of drilling. A list of some of the large producing wells of this county is given below. It does not cover them all, but gives a good idea of what wealth the county contained in oil. d'he following are the dates and years that the gushers were completed : December, 1886, Fulton farm well, Henry township, 720 barrels. February, 1887, No. i, Henning farm, Henry township, 1,500 barrels. June, 1887, No. 2, Slaughterbeck farm, Henry township, 1,200 barrels. July, 1887, No. 3, Slaughterbeck farm, Henry township, 4,800 barrels. August, 1887, No. i, P'oltz farm, Henry township, 5,000 barrels. August, 1887, No. i, Auverter farm, Henry township, 800 barrels. February, 1888, C. C. Harris, No. i, Snyder farm, Henry township, 3,000 barrels. July, 1888^ Delaney Brothers, No. 3, Mercer farm. Liberty township, 1,250 barrels. July, 1899, J. S. Laney & Company’s No. i, •Southerland farm. Portage township, 8,000 barrels. July, [889, S. E. Niece’s No. i. Chase lot, Henry township, 5,000 barrels. )uly, 1889, No. r. Ducat farm. Liberty township, 10,000 barrels. June, 1889, No. 2, Weiland farm. Liberty township, 700 barrels. June, 1889, No. 3, Weiland farm, Liberty township, 800 barrels. July, 1889, No. 4, Weiland farm. Liberty township, 800 barrels. April, 1889, Delaney Brothers, No. 8, Mercer farm. Liberty township, 1,000 barrels. July, 1889, Delaney Brothers, No. ii, Mercer farm. Liberty township, 900 barrels. August, 1890, O. A. Browning N Company’s No. 2, Meeker farm. Portage township, 600 barrels. January, 1891, Ohio Oil Company’s No. 2, Mercer farm. Liberty township, 500 barrels. January, 1891^ R. Miller’s No. 5, Miller farm. Liberty township, 800 barrels. January, 1891, Isaac Collin’s No. 4, Mercer farm. Liberty township, 1,000 barrels. July, 1891, Brown Oil Company, No. i, Kramp farm. Plain township, 500 barrels. August, 1891, Brown Oil Company, No. 2, Brown farm. Plain township, 1,500 barrels. August, 1891, Berry & Com- pany’s No. I, Sanglier farm, Liberty township, 500 barrels. August, 1891, Ohio Oil Company, No. i, Robinson farm. Liberty township, 600 barrels. October, 1891, E. W. Baum- gardner’s No. 4, Bigelow farm. Portage township, 700 barrels. October, 1891, E. W. Baumgardner’s No. i. Smith farm. Bloom township, 5,000 barrels. October, 1891, Delaney Brothers, No. 6, Lee farm. Portage township, 1,200 barrels. October, 1891, Ohio Oil Company, No. i. Case farm. Plain township, 500 barrels. October, 1891, Ohio Oil Company, No. 6, Russell farm, Henry township, 500 barrels. January, 1892, Palmer Oil Company, No. 7, Meyers farm. Portage township, 1,500 barrels. January, 1892, Brown Oil Com- pany, No. 9, Brown farm. Plain township, 500 barrels. April, 1892, E. H. Barnum’s No. 4, Whitacre farm. Bloom town- ship, 1,500 barrels. April, 1892, A. C. McDonald’s No. 3, BURNING OIL TANK. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 7-28 Wilcox farm, Plain township, 500 barrels. May, 1892, Black, Reese & Hazlett, Xo, i, Ewing farm. Plain township, 800 barrels, lime, 1892, O. A. Browning X Company, No. i, INIercer farm. Portage township, 720 barrels. July, 1892, James Hazlett’s No. I, Legally farm. Plain township, 500 barrels. July, 1892, Ohio Oil Compan3\ No. 6, Arter farm. Liberty township, 500 barrels. September, 1892, Palmer Oil Company, No. 3, Trapnell farm. Portage township, 1,000 barrels. September, 1892, Ohio Oil Com- pany, No. 12, Corey farm. Liberty township, 1,200 barrels. September, 1892, J. H. Hughes, No. 6, Rahe farm, Lreedom township, 500 barrels. Septem- ber, 1892, Black, Reese & Haz- lett, No. 4, Lwing farm, Plain township, 900 barrels. October, 1S92, Ohio Oil Company, No. 4, Corey farm. Liberty township, 500 barrels. October, 1892, Palmer Oil Company, No. 4, Trapnell farm. Portage town- ship, 2,000 barrels. October, 1892, Lostoria Oil & Gas Company, No. i, Hardinger, Perry township, 800 barrels. November, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. i, Hollister farm. Portage township, 1,800 barrels. November, 1892, Palmer Oil Company, No. 6, Trapnell farm. Portage township, 600 barrels. November, 1892, Taylor & Wilcox, No. I, Brand farm, Middleton township, 600 barrels. Novem- ber, 1892, Marschka & Brannigan, No. i, Emerick farm, Middleton township, 500 barrels. December, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. i. Legally farm. Plain township, 900 barrels. January, 1893, Ohio Oil Company, No. i. Legally, Sr., farm. Plain township, 600 barrels. January, 1893, Ohio Oil Com- pany, No. I, Bowers’ heirs farm. Plain township, 500 barrels. Lebruary, 1893, Robert Miller, No. 10, Miller farm. Portage township, 500 barrels. Lebruary, 1S93, Black, Reese & Hazlett, No. i. Legally, Plain township, 800 barrels. Lebruary, 1893, hIcCullough & Harmon, No. 3, Twining, Plain township, 800 barrels. March, 1893, Robert Miller, No. II, Miller farm. Portage township, 500 barrels. April, 1893, Ohio Oil Company, No. 4, Stockwell farm. Liberty township, 700 barrels. May, 1893, Palmer Oil Company, No. 16, Trapnell farm. Portage township, 800 barrels. June, 1893, Sun Oil Company, No. ii, Lucky & Reed farm. Port- age township, 800 barrels. June, 1893, Ohio Oil Company, No. 2, Palmer farm, Portage township. 600 barrels. June, 1893, Ohio Oil Company, No. ii, Mercer farm. Portage township, 600 barrels. June, 1893, hlurphy & Company, No. 3, England farm, Portage township, 500 barrels. June, 1893, Black, Reese & Hazlett, No. 4, Legally farm. Plain township, 800 barrels. June, 1893, Ohio Oil Company, No. 7, Griffin farm. Liberty township, 1,000 barrels, fuly, 1893, Sun Oil Company, No. 6, Miller farm. Portage township, 1,500 barrels. July, 1893, Sun Oil Company, No. 9, Miller farm, Portage township, 500 barrels. July 1893, Balmer Oil Company, No. 21, Trapnell farm. Portage township, 525 barrels. July, 1893, Jane W. Stone, No. 15, Stone farm, Henry township, 800 barrels. July, 1893, Bussell & Company, No. 2, Hampton farm. Plain township, [700 SHOOTING AX OIL WELL IX WOOD COUXTY. RESERVOIR AT BUCKEYE PIPE LIXE CO’S PUMPING STATION, CYGNET. Oil is forced through Pipe Lines from here to New York and Chicago. 724 THE BOOK OF OHIO. barrels. July, 1893, Ohio Oil Company, No. 3, Phillips farm, Liberty township, 1,000 barrels. August, 1893, Jane W. Stone, No. 16, Stone farm, Henry township, 700 barrels. September, 1893, Sun Oil Company, No. 7, Miller farm. Portage township, 1,200 barrels. January, 1894, Ohio Oil Company, No. 8, Powell farm, Liberty township, 500 barrels. February, 1894, Scott, Lineman & Company, No. i, Lambright farm. Perry town- ship, 1,750 barrels. May, 1894, Black, Reese & Hazlett, No. 9, Larwell farm. Portage township, 550 barrels. July, 1894, Ohio Oil Company, No. 8, McIntyre farm. Liberty township, 500 barrels. September, 1894, G. F. Munn, No. i, Esminger farm. Liberty township, 900 barrels. January, 1895, Klauser Bros. & Wolf, No. i, Restemeyer farm. Freedom township, 700 barrels. May, 1895, Ohio Oil Company, No. 4, Hazel farm. Liberty township, 500 barrels. June, 1895, Marschka & Brannigan, No. 12, Fmerich farm, Middleton township, 600 barrels. June, 1895, Ohio Oil Company, No. 6, Santimire farm, Liberty township, 500 barrels. Septem- ber, 1895, Ohio Oil Company, No. 3, Somers farm. Liberty township, 800 barrels. April, 1896, City of Tiffin, Stout farm. Perry township, 2,000 barrels. AX ore TANK AFIKE NEAR LIMA. Many of the above mentioned wells are still large producers. There are many other gushers that were drilled in Wood County that are not listed in the above. The Ireland, Mercer, and many other farms in the center of the great scope of oil land in Liberty township; also in Henry township, there are many not mentioned, owing to space. Oil will be found in Wood County for many years to come. Hancock County. — The Hancock County oil field is just in its prime, with the exception of the territory to the west and northwest from P'indlay, where the drill has been drilling for oil for the past dozen years with good results, d'he new territory that is now under operation is the once famous gas belt. Hancock County holds the honor of having within its borders the drilled on the Con- on the McMurray farm eral miles north from completed July, 1891, good competent oil men barrels in 24 hours, a 600 barrel tank inch line in 21 minutes. WELL SHOOTERS starting Out witli their Nitro Glycerine Wagons to Slioot an Oil Well. largest oil well yet tinent, which is the one in Allen township, sev- Findlay. This well was and has been rated by as good for 40,000 The well actually filled through a single two- In the latter part ol 1891 there was a great oil boom on the additions to North Findlay, and wells were drilled as close together as the rigs could be built. Hundreds of wells were drilled on small 30-foot lots, but while they were large producers at the start, the wells were so thick that the oil sand was drained of its product in short order, and thousands upon thousands of dollars were lost in the operations. In February, 1887, Penzer & Company drilled in the first big well of the county, on the Corey farm, in Liberty township. It did 1,500 barrels. In June, 1886, a well was drilled for gas on the Alge farm, near Findlay, and started at 300 barrels an hour. In March, 1891, the Ohio Oil Company drilled in _ well No. I, on the Pranks farm, in Cass township, a short distance south- west from Bairdstown, and it did 2,000 barrels. In January, of the same year. Dr. Morrical drilled in his famous well No. i,on the Hibet farm, in P'indlay township, that did 750 barrels. The Ohio Oil Company in July, of the same year, drilled in No. 1, on the Hugh McMurray farm. In Allen township, and It did 40,000 barrels. In August, Langmade & Black drilled In No. 3, on the Showman farm, in Allen township, and near the McMurray gusher, that did 1,100 barrels. During October, of the same year, John Ware & Company drilled in well No. 2, on the Kempher farm, in Portage township, that did 2,000 barrels. In April, 1892, Langmade & Black drilled in their first venture on the Dorsey farm in Allen township, and it did 1,500 barrels. The same firm during June drilled in their No. 4 on the same farm, and that did 850 barrels. No. 2, on the same farm, did 1,200 barrels. In September, 1894, Bie Ohio Oil Company drilled in well No. 4, on the Marion farm, in Findlay township, that did 1,200 barrels, and in Pdecember, of the same year, O’Brien, Murphy & Company drilled in a 1,500 barrel well on the Harpst farm, in the same township. In May, 1897, the Mecca Oil Company drilled in a 720 barrel well on the Russell BURNING OIL TANK NEAR LIMA. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 725 farm, in Big- Lick township. In August the Mott Oil & Gas Company completed a 1,200 barrel producer in No. i on the Snyder farm, in the same town- ship, while in October of thci same year, J. W. Kirkbride drilled in a 600 barrel well on the Roller farm in Marion township. Allen County. — Allen County, the home of Trenton Rock oil, has been famous for its big wells, but they are nothing compared to those found in Wood, Hancock and Sandusky Counties. The Douglass well near Lima was the first large producer found in the county. It was drilled in in October, 1886, and produced 700 barrels. Fol- lowing this came the Spear well, in November, with a production of 700 barrels. In December of the same year, the Lima Drilling Company drilled in a well on the Ridenour farm that did 1,200 barrels, and the Tunget well, completed in the same month, did 700 barrels. In January, 1886, W. G. Fee broke all records when he drilled in his well on the Ridenour farm, in Perry township, as it did 2,760 barrels. Next came the Miller Company’s well on the Fredricks farm, in June, with a production of 1,200 barrels. In April, 1888, another well was drilled on the Ridenour farm that did 1,300 barrels, and in June one on the McClain farm did 1,000 barrels. Auglaize County. — Auglaize County did not enjoy much of an oil boom, especially in the once famous Reservoir pool, until during the year of 1890, when James Knoppenberger drilled in his famous well on the Silvers farm, in St. Marys township, and at the north side of the St. Marys reservoir. This well did 500 barrels and was the cause of the great activity displayed there for the next few years. During the same )ear the Ohio Oil Company drilled a well on the Widow McMahon farm, a couple of miles west of St. Mar)'s, that did 500 barrels, aiul the well was one of the best producers ever completed in the VIHW AT AN OIL KEFINERY. county. It was by no means the largest producer, but showed wonderful staying qualities, doing a B 250 barrel tank when three years old. The oil field of this county covers quite an extent of territory, located in Douchouquet, Logan, Noble, Salem, St. Marys, Washington, Jackson and Moul- ton townships. The Cridersville field was opened in 1890, as was the Buckland and St. Marys fields. Considerable gas terri- tory was also developed in parts of the county, especially along the east and southeast edge of the reservoir. This county con- tains one of Ohio’s important oil fields. The following are some of the big wells completed in this county ; In 1890 James Knoppen- berger, No. I, on the Silvers farm, in St. Marys township, 500 barrels. In the same year the AMONG THE OIL WELLS ON A PRIVATE LEASE. SCENE ON SANDUSKY RIVER NEAR TIFFIN, THE BOOK OF OHIO. i Z I farm, St. Marys 500 barrels. July, VIEW AT A TANK FARM. Ohio Oil Company’s initial well, on the Widow McMahon farm did 500 barrels. April, 1891, Ohio Oil Company, No. 3, Swigert farm, St. Marys town- ship, 600 barrels. April, 1891, Ohio Oil Company, No. 2, Blew farm, St. Marys township, 600 barrels. May, 1891, Ohio Oil Company, No. 2, Kishler farm, St. Marys township, 500 barrels. May, 1891, Ohio Oil Company, No. 5, Scott township, 1891, Ohio Oil Company, No. 14, Scott farm, St. Marys town- ship, 500 barrels. July, 1891, Ohio Oil Company, No. 17, WMlbridge farm, St. INIarys town- ship, 700 barrels. October, 1891, Lineman & Company, No. 21, State land, St. Marys township, 500 barrels. October, 1891, Lineman & Company, No. 24, State land, St. Marys township, 590 barrels. June, 1891, Neely & Company, No. i, Longsworth farm, St. Marys township, 600 barrels. Sandusky County. — Sandusky County is, and has been quite a factor in the crude oil end of the Trenton Rock developments. It stands second to Wood County as a territory of big producing wells. The quality of the oil is superior to that of South Lima, and should command at least 15 cents per barrel more. The Gibsonburg, Rollersville, Helena and the Scott township developments proved money makers for the operators, but the productive pool of the county was not opened until in May, 1S92, when the Ohio Oil Company drilled in a well on the Myers farm, in Wood- ville township, that did 600 barrels. This led to the opening of the most productive pool found in the county, and to be in the Woodville field at that time reminds an old timer very much of the palmy days of Bradford. Big producers were daily occurrences, and the pipe lines were overtaxed with the production from the field. The big gusher of the field was struck on November 15, 1894, by T. E. and J. W. Kirkbride, on the Benjamin Jones farm, in Madison town- ship, four miles west and one mile south of Gibsonburg. This well is known as the second largest well completed on the Continent, and started at 20,000 barrels. For the first thirty days the well averaged a production of better than 7,000 barrels a day, and during its existence made its owner a fortune. Considerable of a gas field was also struck the county. Some of the large oil producers of the county are as follows : May, 1892, Ohio Oil Com- pany, No. I, Myers farm, Wood- ville township, 600 barrels. June, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. 2, Myers farm, Woodville township, 500 barrels. June, 1892, Wood- ville Oil Company, No. 4, Kuhl- man farm, Woodville township, 500 barrels. July, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. 2, Hendricks farm, Woodville township, 650 barrels. July, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. 3, Hendricks farm, WModville township, 600 barrels. July, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. 6, Hendricks farm, Woodville township, 5oobarrels. July, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. 7, Hen- dricks farm, Woodville township, 900 barrels. July, 1892, Ohio Oil view of an oil tank farm. m TIIR BOOK OF OHIO. 7'2X Company, Xo. 2, Baker farm, Woodville township, 500 barrels. July, 1892, Finch & Company, No. 2, Mountler farm, VVoodville township, 600 barrels. July, 1892, Cieortre \V. Barnes, No. 2, Hille farm, Woodville township, 900 barrels. Aiie-ust, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. 4, Baker farm, Woodville township, 2,500 barrels. August, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. 3, Baker farm, Woodville township, 500 barrels. August, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. 9, Hendricks firm, \\h)odville townshi[), 650 barrels. August, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. 10, Hendricks farm, Woodville town- shi[i, 1,000 barrels. August, 1892, Woodville Oil Company, No. 9, Kuhlman farm, Woodville township, 600 barrels. August, 1892, Woodville (FI Com[iany, No. 10, Kuhlman farm, Woodville township, 600 barrels. September, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. 4, Myers farm, Woodville township, 600 barrels. September, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. 2, Sitayde farm, Woodville township, 900 barrels. September, 1892, Woodville Oil Company, No. 13, Kuhlman farm, Whiodville township, 500 barrels. .September, 1892, Woodville Oil Company, No. 3, Nieman farm, Woodville town- ship, 600 barrels. September, 1892, Mountler Brothers, No. 7, Mountler farm, Woodville township, 600 barrels. September, 1892, G. W. Barnes, No. 10, Hilde farm, Woodville township, 700 barrels. September, 1892, G. W. Barnes, No. 5, Blausey farm, WModville township, 500 barrels. September, 1892, Hobart, Bowlus <& Company, No. i, Kuhlman farm, WModville townshi[^, 600 barrels. October, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. 3, Herman farm, Woodville township, 800 barrels. ( )ctober, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. 5, Burman farm, Woodville township, 900 barrels. ( )ctober, 1892, Ohio Oil Company, No. 5, Spayde farm, Woodville township, 500 barrels. October, 1892, Woodville Oil Company, No. 14, Kuhlman farm, Woodville township, 600 barrels. October, 1892, Woodville Oil Company, No. 15, Kuhlman farm, Woodville townshij), 500 barrels. June, 1893, Stausmeyer & Hovis, No. 4, Molkenbur farm, Woodville township, 550 barrels. April, 1894, ()hio Oil Company, No. 10, Bruns farm, Woodville township, 930 barrels. July, 1894, Black Brothers, No. 2, Blank farm, WModville township, 500 barrels. October, 1894, Hardly-Able Oil Conpiany, No. 4, Cunningham farm, Madison township, i ,000 barrels. November, 1 894, Kirkbride Brothers, No. 2, I ones farm, Madison township, 20,000 barrels. May, 1895, Oil Company, No. 2, Reese farm, Woodville township, 2,000 barrels. Lucas County. — I'here are but four townships in Lucas County that have so far developed oil in paying quantities, viz : ()regon, Jerusalem, Waterville and Monclova. xAs early as 1865 an attempt was made to find oil and gas south a short distance from Waterville, by Detroit parties, but the well was never drilled in to the Trenton on account of the tools being lost in the hole, and the contractors were never able to recover them. Many wells were drilled in various parts of the county, but none were found productive outside of the four above mentioned townships. 'I'he Oregon township end of the county has developed into quite a prominent oil field. In 1890 a number of wells were drilled near Momineetown, but while they showed four big producers the field did not amount to anything to speak of until about 1895, when the drill was started, and since then it has been kept busy. The most sensational strike in the history of the county was the Klondyke well, drilled in 1897, Miller farm, just out of Ironville. d he well when drilled in was as dry as any well could be, but by giving it a shot of high-explosive it came in an oiler and was said to have done 2,000 barrels. This well set the city oil crazy, and within a week after the gusher was drilled in at least a dozen wells were started within a stone’s throw of the big one. None of them but the big well ever paid out. It was a crevice well, and was located by the wizard system, (by accident.) Other Counties. — Mercer County has developed quite an important oil field, but no great gushers were ever found in the county. The Mendon dristrict, in Union township, proved the most prolific, while Center and Jefferson townships, on the north bank of the reservoir, and Franklin township, on the south side, are producing considerable oil. The field near Ft. Recovery never amounted to much, as but few good wells were found there. The southern tier of townships of the county, in the vicinity of St. Henry, proved very prolific gas territory, and still contains a num- ber of good gas wells. Dayton, Lima, St. Marys, Piqua, Celina, Wapakoneta, and many other towns have enjoyed their supjily of gas from that region. \Hn Wert County has been somewhat developed for oil, but no extensive pool has been discovered there, unless the field now being worked near Venedocia comes forth to surprise the trade. Seneca County contains one township that is considered good oil territory. It is Jackson township, located north from P'ostoria. Some very good wells have been found in that township. The field at Tiffin has in its history had a couple of booms, but it never amounted to much, and thousands upon thousands of dollars have been lost there in the attempt to open up a pool of oil. Ottawa County is a new addition to the Northwestern C.)hio oil fields. There have been some good wells com- pleted in Allen township, which is an addition to the Toledo field proper. Some oil has also been found in Benton township, as well as in Salem township, near Oak Harbor. The bulk of the wells are located in the vicinity of Willis- ton and Curtice, and also near the hamlet of Martin. Wyandot County is one of great history. It is the most spotted oil field ever yet discovered on the Continent ; nevertheless the county contains some remarkable oil wells, and has sufficient room for thousands more of the same kind. In the southeastern oil field there have been a great many wells drilled. The following figures show the number of wells drilled and completed for oil, gas and salt in Ohio: Northwestern Ohio, completed, 42,504; Southeastern Ohio, 11,965: Mecca-Belden, 3.309 ; Central Ohio, 692; other portions of Ohio, 914. Total wells completed, 59,384. George A. Wiiitnev, Jr H lEM WHO HELPED BUILD UP THE STATE CHAPTER XIX Incumbents of the Quhernatorial Chair, from Edward Tiffin to Judson Harmon Strong Men of Earge Experience and Great Distinction — Tried and Trusted, Leaders of the People of Ohio. ROM THE TIME Ohio was admitted into the Lnion as a state, many men of national reputation have contril)uted to its fame. Among them the (Townmors of Ohio have won distinguished recognition for statesmanship and intellectual force. In the nation’s history these men ilhimine the pages with mighty action. With few ex- ceptions, they were strong men, of large experience and distinction, and tried and trusted leaders. The hrst incumbent of the Governor’s chair was Edward Tiffin, a man of forceful character and great executive ability, a strong and fearless opponent of all schemes to introduce slavery into Ohio, a bold advocate of the free navigation of the Mississippi, and a couraguous factor in stopping the conspiracy of Aaron Burr. Ex-Secretary of State, Daniel J. Ryan, in his history of Ohio, says of Edward Tiffin: “No man who has ever hlled the gubernatorial chair of Ohio possessed a greater genius for the administration of public affairs than Edward Tiffin. His work in advancing and de\'eloping the state has not been equalled b>- that of any man in its history.” Governor Edward Tiffin was born in Carlisle, England, on the 19th of June 1766. At the age of eighteen years he came to America, in 1784, and attended Jefferson Medical College, and in due time was licensed to practice his profession. In 1789, he married a sister of Thomas Worthington, then a resident of Berkley County, Virginia, and lived in that State until 1798, when he manumitted the slaves inherited by his wife and moved to Chillicothe. He appeared upon the scene of action in the Northwest Territory in its creative period, when the work of molding the destinies of a future commonwealth was committed to the care of very few men. When Tiffin came to Chillicothe he was still a physician, practicing with marked success. In the sparcely set- tled Scioto valley his labors carried him over many miles of travel, and he formed the friendships that explain much of his popularity in after years. In 1799, when the people of the Northwest Territory assumed the leg- islative form of government and under the provisions of the ordinance of 1787, elected a legislature, Edward Tiffin was sent as representative from Chillicothe, and upon the assembling of the first territorial legislature at Cincinnati, he was unanimously elected Speaker of the House of Representatives, which position he held until Ohio became a State. As President of the first Constitutional Convention, he won still greater honors and established his reputation as a man of unquestionable ability. The immediate result of this was that he was elected Governor of the new State in January, 1803, without opposition. Two years later he was re-elected, without opposition, in 1807, he declined a third term, which the people were ready to confer upon him. During his second term Governor Tiffin broke up the conspiracy of Aaron Burr. In 1807, Governor Tiffin was elected to the United States Senate. While a member of this illustrious body he secured much valuable legislation for the young State. In March, 1809, he resigned and returned to Chillicothe, intending to spend his remaining days in peace, but, contrary to his wishes, he was immediately elected as a member of the General Assembly of Ohio, in which bod>’ he served two terms, during both ot which he was speaker of the House. He was afterwards appointed Commissioner of the Land Olficc, being the first incumbent of that office, and was in \\ ashington in 1814, when the city was captured and burned by the British. He remained at his post of duty, when President Madison, his cabinet and the heads of the different other departments fled like cowards, and he was the only public official who saved the complete records of his department, while the records of all other departments were captured and destroyed by the enemies. Governor Tiffin died in Chillicothe, on the 9th 7:30 THE BOOK OF OHIO. (“d upon the hcaulilul lann near a^> llir jcphtlui I'cn'il I^'aian. In's “Lilr of I'alward 'rillin, first ini^; “As slated in tin' nuanoir, liis Ill's! wilo. d'lu' issiu' of his of August, 182!), AN'here ho hedd the liosilion of Sur\’o\’or (aaieral of the' WVst, inounied by iho entire people of the State, who lo\’ed and honored him. (lOvc'i'nor Tiffin was married twiee. Aftc'i' the death of his first wile, wh(j was the sistc'r of Thomas Worthington, Air. Tiffin, on the Kith ot April, 180!), was married to Miss Alary I’ortc'r, lately from the State of l)('laware, whose hrothc'rs had settled in Koss ('oimty and owned, and resid- thi' village ot Hourne\ ille, now known (folonel William Kdward Gilmore, in Governor ol ()hio”, says the follow- Go\'ernor Tiffin had no childrt'ii by second marriage, with Alary Porter, was as tollows: GEORGE NASI 1 Alar\’ Porter dh'ffin, who was born January 28, 1810; married Joseph A. Reynolds (son of Judge J. Rey- nolds, of I 'rbana, ( )hio) July 12, 1825. Stu- dit'd July 1, 1802. Mr. Reynolds died August 28, 1883. Dia- ihea Aladison d'iffm was born in Washington ( ity, Alarch 4, 1814. She* is still living in Chillicothe, Ohio. — Ifletiiior Worthington 4'ilhn was born October 17, 1815. She married Alatthew Scott Cook (son ot Judge Isaac Cook, of Ross ('ounty, ()hio), A])ril 22, 1840. She is still living. Air. Cook died November 28, 1882. Rebecca I'nrner I'iffm was born April 7, 1820. In October, 1839, she married Dr. Cornelius Comegys, son of Governor Cornelius Conu'gys, ot Delaware. She died July 13, 1895, and Dr. Comegys died in Cincinnati, February 10, 189C). Ifdward Parker 44ffm was born November 9, 1822. lie was killed in a railroad accident near New York Cit\-, ( )ctober 5, 1853, while' returning fiami Paris, France, where he had l)een pursuing post-graduate studies in nu'dicine.” (Both Diathea Aladison 4'iffm and Fleanor Worthington Tiffin have since died, and none of the children of Go\ernor 4'iffin by his second marriage are now li\dng). Rktitrn Jon.vthan AIkkcs, Jk., of Washington County, was elected successor t' Congress. As Governor, W’orthing- ton was a strong advocate of jiublic schools and impro\'ed transportation facilities, the encouragement ot manufacturies and the reform of banking. Salmon P. Chase said of Worthington: “He was the father of internal improvements, of the great national road and of the early canal.” Governor Worthington was a statesman of great ability, a scholar and a polished gentleman. His beautiful home, Adena, which was hnished in 1805, while he represented Ohio in the United States Senate was a model of beauty and elegance. It is a substantial residence, still standing on the elevated land northeast of the City of Chillicothe, and was in its days deemed the hnest mansion west of the xAlleghenies. Ethan Allen Brown, the next Governor of Ohio, was a native of Connecticut. He was an early settler of Hamilton County and a Judge of the Supreme Court at the time of his election. Governor Brown’s ad- ministration was marked by its enthusiasm for the building of canals and the estalilishment of tree schools, and it was troubled by the results of liad lianking and unwise credits for land. Being elected to the United States Senate, Governor Brown resigned in 1822, and Allen Trimble, speaker of the Senate, became active Go\'- ernor, until Jere.miah Morrow, of Wffirren Count}', was elected to that office. He was a dis- tinguished gentleman Avho served the state of his adojition long and faithfulh’. Born in Penns}d\'ania, of Scotch- Irish ancestry, he came to Ohio in 1796 where he took an energetic and active part in all public affairs. He was leader of men, whose common sense, honest}', frankness and thorough knowl- edge of the questions coming before him commanded the im- plicit conhdence and respect of all men. Previous to his elec- tion as Governor he was a mem- ber of the second territorial assembly, and the hrst, and for ten }'ears the onh' representa- tive of the State in the lower house of Congress. He also ser\'ed one term in the United States Senate. After the close of his two terms as Go\'ernor he seiA'ed in both branches of the General Assembly, and closed his career with two terms in OLDEST MAP OF OHIO 732 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Congress when over seventy years of age. As Ciovernor he was industrious in encouraging the construction of canals and other public improve- ments, and his administration saw the beginning of work on both the canal systems of Ohio and the national road. Allen Trimble, who after the resignation of Ethan Allen Brown had already served as acting Cfovernor, became the successor of Jeremiah Morrow. He was a native of Virginia and a resident of Highland County, Ohio, when elected to the office of Govenor. Mr. Trimble had the distinction of having been second time elected speaker of the Ohio State Senate. The Governor was a strong friend of the public school system and all iniblic improvements. His administration SQUIRREL HUN ICRS, ciNciNNA 1 1 , i 8 o 2 beginning of the aliolition movement and the dawn of another era in the history of Ohio. After he had served two terms he retired to private life. General Duncan McArthur, of Ross County, was elected Governor of Ohio in 1830, on the Democratic tic'ket. He was a distinguished man and his career has been c’losely connected with the history of Ohio. Born in New \h)rk State, he migrated to Ohio when the state was still in its infancy and he grew up with the new country'. He had been a surveyor in the wilderness, a nuMubc-r and speaker of both branches of the General .Assembly of Ohio and a reiiresentative in Congress. As a .soldier he became famous. Beginning his military career as a jirivate, in Harmar’s expedition when only eighteen years of age, he worked himself up to the rauk of brigadier general of the regidar army. After having- served in a second Indiana Campaign in 1798, he was made captain ol militia by St. Clair in 1798. Ten years later, in 1808, the General Assembly of Ohio elected him major general of the state militia. Then came the war of 1812 with England when the State of Ohio became the held of battle. At the outlireak of hostilities .Mr. Mc.\rthur enlisted as a private but was almost immediately elected colonel of the First Regiment of Ohio Volunteers. In Hull’s unfortunate campaign, which resulted in the loss of Detroit, Colonel McArthur bore a most creditable part. During the course of this war, in the year of 1813, in the operations BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE around the western end of Lake Erie, Col. McArthur made so brilliant a record that he was, at its termination, a brigadier gen- eral of the regular army. His adminis- tration saw the last of the Indian wars which affected Ohio; the canals in opera- tion; the national road in use and the com- mencement of the era of railways, eleven being chartered at the session of the Gen- eral Assembly of 1831 and 1832. Robert Lucas, the next Governor, came from Pike County, He was a native of Virginia, and had fought in the war of 1812 against England, where he olitain- ed the rank of brigadier general. After he had become a citizen of Ohio he was elected to the General Assembly, and served in both branches, twice as a speaker of the State Senate. He was the presid- ing officer of the first Democratic National EDEN PARK RESERVOIR. CINCINNATI THE BOOK OF OHIO. 733 COURT HOUSE FIRE AND RIOT, CINCINNATI, 1884 Convention which nominated President Jackson tor a second term. During the CTOvernor’s second term of ohtce occurred the famous contro\’ersy with Michigan over the northwestern l)oundar\' of the State. Ohio came out victorious, and in honor of Governor Lucas the count}’ at the mouth of the Maumee was named after him Lucas County. Joseph \ axce, who was elected ('io\ ernor of Ohio in 1S3(), ser\ ed one term in that office. He was the hrst Go\’crnor of Ohio elected 1)\' the Whig party. CTOvernor \hmce was a native of Penns\l\ania and a \’cteran of the war of 1812, in which he had served with distinction. After the war he came to Ohio and settled in Champaign County where he resided at the time of his election to the Ohio gubernatorial chair. lie had been many times a member i,)f the General Assembh' and hn' sc\’en terms a member of the lower house of the National Congress. Governor \Ance was a warm friend of the public schools and his administration was marked b\’ a thorough re\ision and impro\’ement of the school s\stcm of the State. Wilson Shannon, of Belmont Count}’, was the successor of Governor \ ance. He enjo}ed the distinc- 0/? grgwT^ Dl'DLLW’S BATTLE GROUND. TOLED(') 734 THE BOOK OF OHIO. SHERMAN'S TOME?, MANSFIELD, OHIO. tion of being the lii'st nati\e lioni Ohioan to achie\'e this high jiosilion, and was one of the ver\' few men who came into this olTiee without ])i'e\ ions ser\ ice in other positions. ( an'ernor Shannon was a distinguished lawyer and a \'er)' remarkable man. During his administi'ation the abolition movement gained hcadwa\'. In 1842 he w as defeated for re-election by 4'homas Corwin, but in 1844, in turn, defeated C'orwin lor the oflice of Co\'ernor. 4'he same >ear he resigned his position to become Minister to Mexico. d'lioM.vs Corwin w;is a man lamous for his orator\- and w it. 1 le was a mitix e ol Kentucky, had tidvcn part in the war ol 1812 as a wagon boy and had seiwed two terms in the Ceneral Assembly and li\ e in Congi'ess,when elected C'hiel Magistrate of ()hio. Afti'i' his term as Covernor he was elected t(j the United States Senate, and resigned from that body to become Secretary of the Treasury. 'kiioMAs W. Hartley, of Richland County, speaker of the State Senate, became active Governor wTen ( ioN’ernor Shannon I'csigned, in 1844. He was a Democrat and was succeeded by his father, Mordecai Hartley, a Whig. 4die latter was a native of Pennsylvania, an officer in the war of 1812, a member of the General Assembly, and had served four terms in Congress, from 1823 to 1831. Governor Hartley was the second war Governor of Ohio, his administration witnessing the war wdth Mexico. During his term the Hank of the State of Ohio w^as chartered and the present system of taxation adopted. In 1846, William Herb, of Butler County, and a native Ohioan, was elected to the Executive Office. He wws a sturdy opponent of the Black laws, and during his administration much jDrogress w^as made in internal improvements. Seabury Ford, Geauga County, w^as the last Whig candidate elected Govermjr of Ohio. He wtis born in Connecticut and had served in both branches of the General Assembly. Pie hlled the gubernatorial chair for one term. Reuben Wood, of Cuyahoga C'ounty, a native of Vermont, w-as Governor Ford’s successor. He had lieen a State Senator and a Judge ol both Common Pleas and Supreme Courts. His administration w^as a time of great activity in hnancial affairs, the free banking system was inaugurated, and many railroad lines o]iened for traffic. During his first term the Constitutional Convention met, and the constitution framed by it went into effect in 1852, and is still in force. So Governor Wood was the last G(jvernor under the first constitution as well as the first under the second. In 1853 Governor Wood resigned to accept the position of Council at Valiiaraiso. Lieutenant Governor William M itDDiLL succeeded to the Governor’s office upon the resignation of his predecessor, and was elected to that office the same fall. He was born in New C'astle County, Delaware, in 1802, and had come to Lancaster, Ohio, in 1832, entering at once upon the practice ol law. He had served three years in the State Legislature and four years in C'ongress. Early in President Polk’s administration he was made first assistant postmaster general, but re- signed to accejit the commissionershii) of Indian affaii's, in which office he introduced many needed reforms. In 1851, he was selected as pres- ident of the Constitutional C'onvention. After the close of his term as Govenior he held the iiosition ol first comiitroller of the I nited States Treasury, serving thi'ough all of President Buchanan’s administration and two months under Pres- ident Lincoln. He died at Lancaster, Ohio, on the second of September, 1865. ON THE CAMPUS. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY THE BOOK OF OHIO. 735 VIEWS OF ClNCINNAll, OHIO. AN INCLINED PLANE — OAKLEY RACE TRACK IN 1896 — ON THE WAY TO FORT THOMAS r "'5 flv. y ■V THE BOOK OF OHIO. 737 The first Governor of Ohio, elected on the Republican ticket, was Salmon P. Chase, who filled that distinguished office for two terms, from 1856 to 1860. He was elected to his first term in the fall of 1855, when he resided and prac- ticed law in Cincinnati, Ohio. Governor Chase’s life has been closely connected with the history of Ohio. He was born in Cornish, New Hampshire, on the 13th of January, 1803. In 1826 he graduated from Dartmouth College, after which he taught school in Washington, D. C., a short time, l)ecoming subsecpiently a law student under Attorney General \\drt in Washington. Wdien a boy he had spent some years with his celebrated uncle, the fort ancient, fort brandon, Lebanon, ohio Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Ohio, Philander Chase, at WWrthington, Ohio, and he returned to Ohio after being admitted to the Bar in 1830, to take up the practice of his profession. He soon made his influence felt as a lecturer, as publisher of the laws of Ohio, a work which insured his standing as a lawyer, even if it did not reward him financially, and as a historian. He was a strong advocate of the abolition of sla\'er>', and, while pursuing his law studies at Washington, was actively engaged in trying to procure the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia. During his residence in Cincinnati he was the fearless head of a long and fritter contest against slavery. Chase’s argument be- tore the United States Supreme Court has passed into history as one of the boldest and most powerful pleas for human liberty under the constitu- tion of the United States e\'er made by an}’ person. On the 22nd ot February, 1849, Mr. Chase was OHIO STATE OBSERVATORY. COLUMBUS electcd to tlic United States Senate as the successor of William Allen over Thomas Ewing, b}' a combination of the Democrats and the Free Soilers who held the balance of power, after four exciting ballots in the joint convention of the two houses. In 1855 he was elected Governor and re-elected in 1857. During these four }’ears the Republican part}’ was organized, and in 1860 5Ir. Chase was a prominent candidate for the Presidential nomination. In the same year he was re-elected to the luiited States Senate but resigned on the lOth of March, 1861, to become secretar}’ of the treasury under President Lincoln, and was succeeded b}' John Sherman of Richland Count}’ in the senate. In recognition of his great ability President Lincoln made him his secretary of the treasury, and his financial sagacity and fiscal s}’stem, primarily based upon the issue of treasur}’ notes to meet the exigency that arose, successfully tided the Union over the financial breakers which threatened to destroy it. He fully under- stood the great resources of the republic and fearlessly called them into action to back up the armed forces in the field. On June 30, 1864, Mr. Chase resigned his position as secretary of the treasury, was succeeded by Wdlliam P. Fessenden of Maine, and on the nomination of Lincoln, was confirmed on the 5th of December, 1864, chief justice of the Ibiited States, an office he filled until his decease. He presided at the impeachment trial of President Johnson, in 1868. 738 THE BOOK OF OHIO. VIEW lie pri'sidvd oxvr tlu* inii)eac'him“iU trial with judicial imj)artiality, l)ut the radical leaders of his party charged him with In'ing partial to the accused and this wh(jlly estranged him from the party which he had helped to orgaui/(‘ and with which he had acted for so many years. Mr. Cha.se died in New- York on the 7th of May, 187;!. W’lLLi.VM l)itNNisoN was the third war governor of Ohio. He wais of New England stock, his parents Inning coim* to Cincinnati about 1808, and here he wms born on the 23rd of November, 1815. After receiving such education as conditions in C'incinnati then afforded, he entered Miami University, from which institution he graduated in 1835. lie sul isecpiently tcjok u|) the study of lawg w'as admitted to i)ractice al)out 1840 when he ia-mo\'cd to ('ohimbus. Here he became connected wath some railroad enterprises and was associated with tlu' oi'iginal construction of the (develand N (bilumbus Raihavid, and of the Columl)us & Xenia Railroad, of which he was bresident from 1854 to 1859. From earliest manhood Mr. Dennison was identified wath the Whig party, which in 1848 elected him to the State Senate. Eight years later, in 1856, he w-as delegate-at-large to the first National Republican Coiu'cntion at Philadelphia, and in 1859 was elected Governor of Ohio. When the ('i\’il war broke out he was still in the Governor’s chair and continued during the nine months remaining of his term. 4'he great work of the administration was ecpiipping and toiwvarding troo])s. Retiring from the g()\ernorship, he dcwotc'd his entire time and energy as a volunteer aid to the governor, his successor, and to the President. In 1864, Go\ernor Dennison was permanent chairman ot the Republican National Convention, which re-nominated President Eincoln, and in the fall of the same year he w'as appointed postmaster general. He rc'inained in the cabinet alter President Eincoln’s assassination until the summer of 1866 w4ien President Johnson’s altitude' ha\ing become determined, he was the hrst to resign his iiortfolio. Having returned to private life, hc' became' intereste'd in the construction of railroads until 1875, w’hen Congress provided a new- government for the District of Columbia muler the elirectieen of three commissioners. Governor Dennison wms appointed chairman of the' e'ommissiou, which ixesitiou he occupied until 1878. lu 1880 he wms elelegate-at-large to the Re'publican National Convention which nominated General Garhelel. Gejvernejr Dennisejn elied at Columbus, ( )hio, on the' 15th of June, 1883. David 'Pod, born at 55)ungstown, Ohiie, cm the 21st of February, 1805, wms the next Governor of Ohio. He was ot New Englanel stock, his father being a native etf Connecticut who emigrateel to Ohio, serving as a lieutenant-colonel in the war of 1812, anel as a Judge of the S Li p r e m e Court. A f ter a thorough education Daviel Texl tex^k uj) t h e stuely of law, in which jtrofessiein hc obtaineel a h i g h staneling. In 18 38 SIRRING GROVE CEMETERY, CINCINNATI elcCtCel tO THE BOOK OF OHIO. 739 CINCINNATI, 1901 PREHISTORIC EARTH WORKS, NEWARK, O. the Ohio State Senate, and in 1844 was the Democratic candidate for Governor. 41e afterwards was Minister to Brazil. In 1860 he was vice-president of the memorable “Charleston Con\'ention“, where the secession of the southern Democrats broke up the convention and paved the way for secession. After the adjournment of that convention to Baltimore, Caleb Cushing, the chairman, went off with the Southerners and Mr. Tod became chairman. xAfter the breaking out of the Civil War Governor Tod was a most ardent advocate of its prosecution, giving freely of his time and money to the cause, and became so prominent that he was elected by the Union party — the combina- tion of Republicans and War Democrats — to the office of Governor the first y ear of the war, serving one term. His tenure of office was during the very heat and passion of the war, and the duties were not only onerous, but they required tact, intel- ligence of the highest order and quickness of decision. Governor Tod discharged these duties skillfulh' and zealously, and was especially mindful of the welfare of that great army which Ohio kept constantly “at the front.” After retiring from office he occupied himself with his large business interests. He died in his nati\’e city on the 13th of No\'ember, 1868. John Brough, Governor Tod’s successor, was born in Marietta, Ohio, on the 17th of September, 1811, and died at Cleveland, Ohio, on the 20th of Augu st, 1865, being the first Governor of Ohio who died in office. H i s parents came to ( )hio in i)ioneer days. At an early age he became a printer, and liefore he was twent\' started a paper called “The \\ estern Rc ijuldi- can and Marietta Ad- vertiser”. Preside n t Jackson and John C. Calhoun were then in the midst of t h e i r quarrel over nullifica- tion and Brough espoused the cause of Calhoun. 44iis rendered liis newspaper so unpopular that he removed to Lancaster and purchased “The Ohio Eagle”. He was elected to the Legislature from Fairheld County in 1838, and soon after became Auditor of State, in which office he uncovered corrupt practice and inaugurated reforms which made him deservedly popular. He was also a wr}' gifted speaker, and during the great campaign between Ihomas STATE CAPITAL, COLUMBUS 740 THE BOOK OF OHIO. OHIO STATE PENITENTIARY Corwin and Wilson Shannon he was put forward by the Democrats to confront Cor- win, confessedly the great- est orator Ohio has ever pro- duced. While Auditor of State Mr. Brough purchased a newspaper in Cincinnati, changed its name to “The Encpiirer” and was connect- ed with it for a few years. In 1848, however, he prac- tically withdrew from public life, owing to his dissatis- faction of the pro-slavery tendencies of his party. He turned his attention to railroading afterward and became prominent in that and other liusiness interests, which occupied him until his election to Governor in 1863. The political cam- paign of 1863 was the most virulent which ever took place in Ohio. It was in- tensified in bitterness l)y the nomination of his opponent on the Democratic ticket, Clement L. Valland- ingham, who was then an exile by sentence of a military commission after a vain appeal to the United States Circuit Court. Vallandingham’s arrest and sentence were by many good citizens deemed to lie tyrannical and unconstitu- tional and his friends made a bold and vigorous campaign. Governor Brough was elected by a majority of more than one hundred thousand votes, but he failed of re-nomination in 1865 and was deeply chagrined. He died at Cleveland before his term of office had expired. General Charles Anderson, lieutenant-governor, served out his unex])ired term. Jacob Dolson Cox, the next Governor of Ohio, was born in Montreal, Canada, on the 27th of Octolier, 1828, of American parents. In 1846 he entered Oberlin College, from which he graduated in 1851. In 1852 he removed to Warren, Trumbull County, where he was superintendent of the High School for three years. He was admitted to the bar in 1854. He was elected to the Senate of the Fifty-third General Assembly in 1859 from the twenty-third senatorial district. In 1861 he was commissioned a brigadier general by President Lincoln, and for a tinu' had charge of the organization of the volunteer troops ol Ohio. In July of that year he was assigned to the command of the Kanawha brigade, operating in West Virginia. In 1862 he was assigned to the Army of Virginia, under General Pope, serving in the Ninth corps, to the command of which he succeeded when General Reno was killed at South Mountain, and led the corps gallantly at Antietam. On the 16th of April, 1863, he was placed in command of the District of Ohio, and also a division of the twenty-third corps. He served under General Thomas in the Atlanta campaign and in the campaigns of Franklin and Nashville. He fought the battle of Kingston, North Carolina, March 14, 1865, and united his forces with those of General Sherman. In 1865 he was the Repul)lican candidate for governor, and defeated General George W. Morgan, Democrat, liy a vote of 223,642 to 193,797. He was appointed secretary of the interior in March, 1869, by President Grant, but resigned in December, 1870, and re- turned to Cincinnati, where he had located in the practice of the law. In 1873 he was made president of the Toledo, Wabash & Western Railway, and in 1876 was elected to the Forty-hfth Congress from the Sixth District, Lucas, Ottawa, Williams, Fulton, Henry and Wood Counties. He was not re-elected, and returned to Cincinnati, where he continued the practice of his profession. He died on the 4th of August, 1900, at Magnolia, Massachusetts. Rutherford Birchard Hayes was Gen. Cox’s succes- sor in the executive chair of Ohio. He was born in Dela- OLD WOODWARD SCHOOL THE BOOK OF OHIO 741 SHOFIELD BUILDING, CLEVEL.-VND. OHIO /i -4 ' i ■tf i , / ■ i! THE BOOK OF OHIO. 743 ware, Ohio, on October 4th, 1822. His father, Rutherford Hayes, migrated from Vermont to Ohio, in 1817, and engaged in merchandizing in Delaware, but died in 1822. He received his education in the village schools, at the x^cademy at Norwalk, Ohio, at Middletown, Conn., and finally graduated from Kenyon Col- lege, Gambler, Ohio, in 1843. Immed- iately after his graduation he entered an office in Columbus as a law student. In i\ugust 1843 he went to the Law School of Harvard University, from where he graduated in 1845. He began the practice of law in Fremont, forming a partnership, in 1846, with R. P. Buck- land. Three years later he removed to Cincinnati. Here he became a member of the law firm of Huron & Hayes. This was succeeded, in 1854, by another with H. W. Corwin and W. K. Rogers as partners. In 1856 he was nominated for Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, but he declined the honor. Up to this time he had acted with the Whig party. When the Republican party was formed he took an active interest in its ffrst campaign, pro\ ing himself a capital political speaker. In 1858 he was chosen city solicitor of Cincinnati. When his term of office ended, in 1861, a political reaction had set in, the municipal election occurring prior to the bombardment of Fort Sumter, the entire city Republican ticket was defeated, Hayes, who was on the ticket for re-election, among the others. \t the outbreak of the Civil War a military company was formed from the membership of the Literary Club of the Queen City, and Hayes was chosen captain. His company was assigned to the Twenty-third Reg- iment, Ohio Volunteer Infantr}^, and he was commissioned major. He did gallant service in Virginia and West \firginia, and his regiment participated in nearly all the important actions in the Shenandoah \mlley under General Sheridan, including the battles of South Mountain, Winchester, Cloyd’s Mountain, Fisher’s Hill and Cedar Creek. In the meantime he was promoted to the com- mand of the regiment. General Adam Badeau, of General Grant’s staff, in his Military- History of Grant, says of Colonel Hayes: “For gallant and meritorious service in the battles of Winchester, Fisher’s Hill and Cedar Creek, Colonel Hayes was promoted to the rank of brigadier general of volunteers, and breveted major general for gallant and distinguished services during the campaign of 1864 in West Virginia, and participated in the battles of Fisher’s Hill and Cedar Creek.’’ He commanded his brigade for more than two years. In 1864 he was elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress from the Second District, a part of Hamilton Countv, and in 1866 was re-elected from the same district to the Fortieth. While in Congress he ser\'ed on a number of the leading committees of the House, and his counsel was cagerh' sought by his party leaders on all perplexing ciuestions. In 1867 he was the Repub- lican candidate for g;overnor of Ohio, and was elected o\’er Allen G. Thur- man, Democrat, by a \'ote of 243,605 to 240,622. In 1869 he was again the Republican candidate for go\‘- ernor, and was elected o\’er George H. Pendleton. Democrat, by a vote of 236,082 to 228, 576. In 1875 he was the Republican candidate for SCHOOL BUI LDING, LEBANON, OHIO MODERN SCHOOL HOUSE, GLENDALE. OHIO 744 THE BOOK OF OHIO. goveriK^r, and defeated William Allen, Democrat, by a vote of 297,817 to 292,273. It is a coincidence that Gen- eral Hayes was the only man elected three times to the office of governor during the century, and on each occa- sion he was elected over a man who was a United States Senator, Allen previous to, and Thurman and Pendleton subsequent to the gubernatorial election. Adien Thurman was defeated in 1867, a Democratic Legislature w^as chosen, which elected him to the Senate. He was nominated for Congress in 1872, against his protests, and was defeated by his Democratic oi)pfment, Henry B. Banning, in the Second District. In 1873, after his defeat, he rc'inoved from Cincinnati to Fremont, where he had inherited considerable property, and there he continued to reside' during the remainder of his life, with the exception of the time he spent at the White House. In 1870 General Hayes was the Republican candidate for president, and carried Ohio over Samuel J. 4'ilden, of New York, by a vote of 330,098 to 323,182. He was nominated on the seventh ballot in the National Republican Convention, which met in Cincinnati, Ohio, June 14, 1876. In accepting this nomination Mr. Hayes pledged himself from patriotic motives, to the one-term principle, and in these words: “Believing that the ix'storation of the civil service to the system established by Washington and followed by the early president can be best accomplislu'd by an executive who is under no temptation to use the patronage of his office to promote his own re-election, I dc'sire to perform what 1 regard as a duty in now stating my inflexible purpose, if elected, not to be a candidate for election to a second term. In furtherance of the reform we seek, and in other important n'si)t'cts, a change of gn'at imiwrtance, I reccmimend an amendment to the constitution prescribing a term of six years for the presidential office, and forbidding a re-election.’’ A bitter and threatening controversy arose o\'er the ('lection, which reciuired the wisest and most conciliatory statesmanship to adjust, so as to avert civil comnu^tion. In a letter to Senator John Sherman, November 27, 1876, Governor Hayes said: “You feel, I am sure, as 1 do al)out this whole business. A fair election would have given us about 40 electoral votes — at least that many. But we are not to allow our friends to defeat one outrage and fraud by another. There must be nothing crooked on our part. Let Mr. Tilden have the ])lace l)y violence, intimidation and fraud, rather than under- take to prevent it l)y mc'ans that will not bear the severest scrutiny.’’ The canvassing board of Louisiana, I'lorida and South C'arolina declared Republican electors chosen and certificates of these results were sent by the governors of those states to Washington. Governor Hayes had a majority of one in the electoral college. But th(' I )('inocrats charged fraud, and certificates declaring the Democratic electors elected were sent to Washington, 'khe I louse (Democratic) and the Senate (Republican) then concurred in an act providing for a commission com])os('d of five representatives, five senators and five judges of the Supreme Court, to have final jurisdiction, 'riie commission refused to go behind the certificates of the governors, and by a vote of eight to seven declared in fa\'or of the Rc])nl)lican electors, and President Hayes was inaugurated March 5, 1877. The administra- tion of President Hayes, although unsatisfactory to machine politicians, was a wise and conservative one, meet- THR ISLAND QUEEN OF CINCINNATI THE BOOK OF OHIO. 745 ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF FALLEN TIMBER NEAR TOLEDO ing with the approval of the people at large. By the withdrawal of Federal troops and restoratiini of self-gov- ernment to the Southern States, it prepared the way for a revival of patriotism and the remarkable material development that ensued. After leaving the presidency Mr. Hayes lived in quiet retirement at Fremont. He was identihed with the management of numerous educational institutions and the public benefactions of the State. He died in Fremont, Ohio, on the 17th of January, 1893. Edward Fallensky Noyes was elected Governor of Ohio in the fall of 1871, serving one term. He was a native of Massachusetts, born at Haverhill on the 3rd of Octolier, 1832. His parents died in his infancy, and, at the age of thirteen, he was apprenticed to the “Morning Star,’’ a religious newspaper at Dover, New Hamp- shire. In 1853 he entered Dartmouth College, and graduated with high honors at the close of his course. Having been born an anti-slavery whig, he naturally l)ecame a Republican and began his political career at college in 1856, as President of the Fremont College Club. After graduating from college he came to Cincinnati, in 1857, where he took up the study of law and practiced until the Civil War broke out, when he was cmnmissioned major of the 39th Ohio Infantry. The regiment at once entered into active service. After the liattle of Corinth, Major Noyes became Colonel. During the Atlanta campaign he took part in the battles at Resaca, Dallas, Big Shanty and Kenesaw Mountain. i\t Ruffs Hills, on the 4th day of July, 1864, Colonel Noyes was struck in the ankle by a mimic ball, which necessitated the amputation of his leg. Later Colonel No}'es was promoted to brigadier- general, and remained on duty, suitable to his condition, until the 22nd ot April, 1865. The same A’ear he was elected city solicitor of Cincinnati, and the next year Proliate Judge, xkfter retiring from the executi\'e office he resumed the practice of his profession at Cincinnati. In 1877, Governor Noyes was appointed Minister to France and served four years. In 1889 he was elected a judge of the Supreme Court, remaining on the bench until his death, which occured at Cincinnati, on the 4th of September, 1890. William Allen, the next Governor of Ohio, was born at Edenton, North Carolina, in 1807. He im- migrated to Ross County, Ohio, in 1820. In 1827, although a minor, he was admitted to the practice of the law. In 1832 he was elected a representative in Congress by a single vote over General Duncan McArthur. In 1837 he was elected to the United States Senate, and in 1843 was re-elected to the same position. In 1873 he was elected Governor of Ohio over General Edward E. Noyes, receiving 214,654 votes while his competitor received 213,837. In 1875 he was defeated for Governor by General Rutherford B. Ha}’cs, who recei\'ed 297,817, while CINCINNATI IN 1803 740 THE BOOK OF OHIO. 292,273 were cast for Allen. In 1870 he was a candidate for the l)residential nomination before the Democratic national convention at St. Louis, which nominated Samuel J. Tilden of New York. He died at Fruit Hill, his manorial residence, near Chillicothe, in 1879. The marl)le statue of William Allen adorns the rotunda of the National Ca])il(4 as one of the Ohioans of the Nineteenth Century deemed worthy of that honor by the General Assembly of the State. R. Ik Hayes, elected lor a third term to the distinguished position of governor of Ohio, succeeded William Allen. In March, 1877, when Governor Hayes assumed the Presidency of the United States, Lieutenant-Governor Thomas Lowry Yoimg l)ccame Gov- ernor of Ohio, and served as such until his successor was elected. Richard Moore Bishop was elected Governor of Ohio in the fall of 1877, on a Democratic ticket. He was a Kentuckian l)y birth, born on the 4th ol November, 1812, in Fleming County. Hc‘ obtainrd a fair common school education, after which he entered into mercantile pursuits in his native county. Jn 1847 he came to CiiK'innati, where later he became a senior member of the whole- sale llrm of R. M. Bisho]) N (S). In April, 1857, he was elected to the' City ('ouiu'il, and in the following year became President of that body. 4'his was followed, in 1859, by his election as Mayor of Cin- cinnati. His administration was very successful. Governor Bishop was also a member of the Constitutional Convention, and for many years one of the 4'rustees of the C'incinnati Southern Railway. In 1877 the Ohio Democracy nominated him to lead a forlorn hope for the Governorship, but, against all expectations, their candidate was (,‘lected by a large plurality. Governor Bishop died at Jacksonville, h'lorida, on the 2d of March, 1893. Charles Foster, of Fostcada, Seneca County, was the next Gov- (‘iTior of the State. He was born in Seneca County, Ohio, April 12, 1828, and was educated in the public schools. For many years he was engaged in mercantile pursuits in Fostoria, with his father, and after- ward on his own account. Later he engaged in banking, railway and manufacturing enterprises, and continued to reside in Fostoria until the close of the century. He entered Congress in 1871, having lieen elected in 1870 to the Forty-second Congress from the Ninth District, Seneca, Crawford, Huron, Erie, Sandusky and Ottawa Connlies. The apportionment of 1872 placed him in the Tenth District, Seneca, Hancock, Sandusky, Erie and Huron Counties, from which he was re-elected to the Eorth-third Congress in 1872, to the Eorty-fonrth in 1874, and to the Eorty-hfth in 1876. He was defeated for Congress in 1890 by Darius D. Hare. He served with great distinction in Congress, and was on nearly all the impor- tant committees ol the House, being especially htted for committee work. He made no iiretense to the gifts and arts of the orator, but when he spoke on any (jnestion he was brief and plain to the point. He was oiu' ol the original Rei)iil)licans and always a consistent jDarty man, but withal tolerant of those who differed from him. In 1879 he was the P.epublican candidate for Governor, and defeated his Diiiiocratic opponent, Thomas Ewing the younger, by a \ote of 375,080 to 340,821. In 1881 he wxis again the Reitublican candidate lor ( io\ ernor, and was re-elected over John Bo(jkwalter, Democrat, b}’ a \’ote of 312,735 to 243,016. On the 1st of March, 1891, Gov- ernor Foster entered the cabinet (4 President Benjamin Flarrison as secrctar\- (jf tin* treasury, and managed the affairs of that depart- ment with great skill and ability until the c'l(.)se of the administration. As the result of his man>' enterprises Genernor Foster had accu- mulated a large fortune, all of which wars sw'ept away by the disas- trous panic' of 1893, and he was left with little to sup[)ort him in his old age. Go\ernor Fcjster died on the 9th ol Jannary, 1904, at Siiring- lield, Ohio, while on his way to attend the inauguration of Governor Herrick. rURST ROMAN CA1HC3LIC CHURCH IN (JHIO IN WADE PARK. CLEVELAND THE BOOK OF OHIO. 747 George Hoadley was elected Governor Foster’s succes- sor in 1883, and served one term. Mr. Hoadley was born at New Haven, Connecticut, on the 31st of July, 1826. In 1830 Governor Hoadley ’s parents removed to Cleveland, where he obtained his education in the public schools and at the Western Reserve University, graduating from that institution at the age of eighteen. The following year he spent at Harvard Law School. In 1846 he entered the office of Salmon P. Chase and Flamen Ball at Cincinnati, was admitted to the bar the year following, and soon became a partner in the hrm. In 1851 he was elected Judge of the old Superior Court of Cincinnati, serving until the court was abolished by the new constitution, subsequently he was elected city solicitor, and in 1859 was elected Judge of the new Superior Court, which office he resigned in 1866. He was twice offered the appointment of Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio, but declined. In 1883 he was elected Go\’ernor of Ohio. Soon after the expiration of his term of office, on the 7th of March, 1887, he removed to New York, and there main- tained a leading law practice until his death. He died at Watkins, New York, on the 26th of August. 1902. Governor Hoadley was for many 3'ears a professor in the Cincinnati Law School. He early became active in politics in the school of Salmon P. Chase. During the war he left the Democratic party, remaining in the Republican party until 1872, when he went back to the Democracy. W'hen Mr. Hoadley was elected Governor of Ohio on the Democratic ticket, he had as opponent on the Republican side, Joseph B. Foraker, whom he defeated. Five years later, he in turn was defeated by Foraker. Joseph Benson Foraker, the next Governor of Ohio, was born on a farm near Rainsboro, Highland County, Ohio, on the 5th of July, 1846. On .this farm, and about a combined grist and saw mill upon a brawling highland stream, assisting in the care of both, he passed the hrst sixteen years of his life in a laborious calling, laying deep the foundation of his future education and career, in the primiti\'e public schools of the da>'. At the age of sixteen he enlisted in the Eighty-sixth Regiment, Ohio \Ylunteer Infantry, and went to the front with his neigh- bors, ]3laymates and schoolmates. Wherever and whenever duty called he responded, always distinguishing himself. From a private soldier he rose to a sergeancy in 1862, and was made a lieutenant for meritorious conduct in 1865, and a captain for gallant conduct and efficient service later. He participated in the sanguinary engagements ot Missionary Ridge, Lookout Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain and many lesser actions. When General Sherman began his historic march from Atlanta to the Sea he accompanied that great general in the mo\ement which cut in twain and destroyed the Confederacy. He was four times a Governor of Ohio, twice elected and twice defeated. A most ardent Republican, a \'igorous campaigner and a ^■ersatile orator, these campaigns will long remain notable in the political annals of the State. In 1883 he was nominated b>- the Republican State Convention against Judge George Hoadley, Democrat, who had preceded him on the bench in Cincinnati. At this election the vote was — Hoadle\', 353,693: Foraker, 347,164. The defeat of the latter was unexpected, but his friends, wholly undaunted, renominated him in 1885, in opposition to Hoadle}’’s re-election. The result was the triumphant election of Foraker. Two years later he was re-elected to the same office, again, in 1889, he was the nominee of his party, with James E. Campbell, of Butler County, as the Democratic candidate. There was ENTRANCE TO GORDON PARK. CLEVELAND Considerable defection in the Republican ranks, and the vote EXPERIMENT STATION. CEDAR POINT GLACIAL GROVES, KELLEY'S ISLAND 748 THE BOOK OF OHIO. STAni SUI’REMI-: COURl' BUIIJAING, COLUMBUS Sam- 1 lannaford &Sons, Archs.,Cinti, Stood: Campbell, 379,423; Foraker, 368,551. His friends immediately gazetted him for the United States Senator- ship, while his enemies in his own party believed that he had been eliminated as a political factor. He was de- feated for the caucus nomi- nal i(m in 1892, when John Sherman was elected, but in 1896 he was nominated by the caucus and cU'clcd by the Legislalure tor the term beginning March 4, 1897, and ending March 3, 1903. lie took his seat with the inauguralion ot President McKinley, and at once assumed a leading position in the 1'nitt‘d State's Senate. Senator Hanna had just been ai)pointed to succeed Jedin Sherman who had l)ecome Secretary of State in the cabinet of the new President. In that distinguished body the reputation of the senior Senator had i)rec('dc'd him and it was not long until he was recognized as one of the ablest debaters of the floor. He was a staunch supporter ot President McKinley in all his policies, and a great aid to the Chief Executive in the ex’ents leading up to the Si)anish-American War. As in all matters of international significance, grave cpiestions aros(' for ('onsideration, and it was here the w(jrld first learned the true worth of Senator Foraker. His com- prehensi\'(' knowledge' of the constitutional and international law' amazed the Senate and the bulwarks of the sticklers looked like the fabled china sho]) after his masterly attacks. In all the one hundred days of the war that t'ndi'd in the' sul )jugati(jn ot Spain and the liberation ot Cul)a, he stood for the McKinley administration and all it imi)lic'd in the treatment of Cuba and the con(|uest ot the Phillipines. As Chairman of the Committee on Porto Pico he franu'd the policy for that island that brought order out of chaos and prosperity out of want and distress. t )n the 14th (,)t January, P.H)2, Senator For- akc'i' was eU'cted to a second h'lan in the Unitc'd States Sc'iuitc', ending March 3, 1909. .\t thc' expiration of this term Senator Foraker returned to private life, resuming the l>ractice of his ])rotession at Cincinnati, ( )hio. James Edwin Camp- bell, who defeatt'd Jos. B. f'oraker for the Covernorship of Ohio, is a native of the Buckeye State, born at Middletown, Butler County, on the 7th of Inly, 1843. His father, Andrew Camiibell, was a jihysician of prominence. One of his maternal ancestors took jiart in the battle of Eexington, and one of his paternal ancestors w'as w-'ith Montgomery at the assault at Ouebec. Both of his grandfathers were soldiers in the War of 1812. During the Civil War Gov- (.'rnor Campbell served in the navy upon the Mississipifi and triliutary rivers. He was discharged for serious physical disability, but recovered, studied lawg and liegan i)racticing at Hamilton, in 1867, from 1867 to 1880 he was prosecuting attorney of Butler County. In 1882 Mr. Campbell wms elected to Congress as a Democrat in a strongly Republican district, and was re-elected in 1884 and 1886. In 1889 he w'as elected Governor of Ohio. While in the Governor’s office he w'as noted for an inflexible adherence to that which he deemed to be right. In 1891 G overnor C'am])bell was defeated for a second term by Major William McKinley, and in 1895 he w-as again defeated by Asa S. Bushnell. He then went to New York, w'here for a mimlier of years he w'as engaged in the practice of his profession. Returning to his native State, he opened an office in Columbus, Ohio. From 1906 to 1910 Gewernor Campbell w-as a meml)er of the com- mission that codified the law's of Ohio. William McKinley w as elected Governor of Ohio in the fall of 1891. He w^as born in Niles, Trumbull Coun- ty, Ohio, on the 26th of February, 1844, and obtained his education in thc common STEAMBOAT LANDING. puT-iN-B.AY scliools. Bcfore Completing GORGE OF THE CUYAHOGA RIVER THE BOOK OF OHIO^ 749 VIEWS OF CINCINNATI I j! ■M ’ : ■' -t -^i' ■■■ ■■' .*3 . -- . --^ if} 'M .rJM ■:;1 THE BOOK OF OHIO. 751 PRE-HISTORIC EARTH WORKS, NEWARK, OHIO his education, he enlisted as a private soldier in the Twenty-third Ohio \"olunleer Infantry, and was i)roinoted to lieutenant, caj^tain and Major, and was mustered out at the close of the war, with the brevet rank of colonel. He was cool, courageous and dashing in action, and won all of his promotions by mer- itorious conduct. After retir- ing from the army he finished his education, studied law and was admitted to the l)ar in 1867. From 1869 to 1871 he was prosecuting attorney of Stark County. Five years later he entered upon his congressional career. He was elected to Congress in 1876, from the Seventeenth District, Stark, Carroll, Columbiana and Mahoning Counties. In 1878 he was re-elected to Congress from the Sixteenth District, Stark, Wayne, Ashtal)ula and Portage Counties. In 1880 he was elected to Congress again, but his scat was contested by Jonathan H. Wallace, and he was unseated. Two years later he again was sent to Congress from the Eithtecnth District, Stark, Car- roll, Columbiana and Mahoning Counties. In 1884 the Twentieth District, Stark, Mahoning and Summit Coun- ties elected him to Congress and in 1886 and 1888 he was elected from the Eighteenth Ohio district, consisting of Stark, Carroll, Columbiana and Mahoning Counties. He was defeated in 1890 by John C. Warwick. His defeat for Congress in "1890 led to his nomination to the Covernorship, and his election and re-election to that office made his nomination to the Presidency by his party a logical necessity. He was nominated for Co\'ernor of Ohio by the Republican Convention in 1891, and was elected over Governor James E. Campbell, l)y a vote of 386,739 to 365,288. In 1893 he was again the Republican candidate for Governor, and defeated Lawrence T. Xeal, Democrat, by a v(.»te of 433,342 to 352,347. In 1896 he was nominated for the Presidency l)y the Repuldican National Conven- tion, on a ]olatform favoring a protecti\'c tariff and oppos- ing the coinage ot both gold and silver on cciual terms without au international agreement. His o])ponent was Wfilliam Jennings Bryan, of Nebraska. Alajor McKinley was elected by a majority of both the electoral and i)(^pular vote. In 1900 the Republican National Convention unanimously renominated him to the Presidency, and he was re-elcctcd by increased electoral and popular majorities. His oi)ponent was again Wdlliam Jennings Bryan. President McKinley was shot by an Anarchist, at Buffalo, New 54)rk, on the Pan-American Exposition grounds, on the 6th of Sc])tember, 1901. The President lingered along for eight days, and died at the home of John G. Milbourn in Buffalo, on the 14th ot September, 1901. His remains now rest in Canton, Ohio. Asa Smith Bushnell followed Major McKinley as f'io\'ernor of Ohio. He was born at Rome, N. Y., on the 26th of September, 1834. His grandfather, Jason Bushnell, was a Re\'olutionar\- soldier, who saw much service. His great-uncle, William Bushnell, was one of the forty-eight who made the first settlement at Marietta. Governor Bushnell’s father, Daniel Bushnell, brought his famil}' to Cincinnati in 1845, and in 1851 the future Governor removed to Springfield, where he resided until the time of his death, in January, 1904. In all these years he had been engaged in active business, constantly rising in infiucnce and growing in wealth. First he was dry goods clerk, then liook- keeper in a factory, then proprietor of a drug store, then an officer and large stock- holder in one of the great reajier and mower shops. During the Civil War Gov- ernor Bushnell served as a captain in the 152nd Ohio Infantry. In ])olitics. Gov- ernor Bushnell always was an ardent Republican. He falls of bl.\ck river, elyria. ohio VIEW AT PLIT-IN-BAY 752 THE BOOK OF OHIO. was a delegate to many National Conventions, and a regular attendant at State Ccniventions for forty years, fic served the state as quarter- master-general during l)oth of Cjovernor Foraker’s administrations. In 1887 he declined a unaninous mmhnation for Lieutenant-Governor. In 1895, and again in 1897, he was elected Governor of Ohio. GiiORCiii K. Nash was elected Governor of Ohio in the fall of 1899. Me was born in Medina County, August 14, 1842. His early life was spent on thc“ farm where his j)arents settled after emigrating from Massachusetts. Ilis c-arly education was (d)tained at the district schools of his township, where he prepared for college, entering Oberlin at the age of twenty. During his soi)h(mi(jre >’ear at this instituticm the great struggle betw'een the North and South had reached a crisis, and like many of the patriotic youth of his time, he felt it his duty t(.) respond to the call to arms. Ac'cordingiy he enlisted as a i)rivate in the 150th O. N. G., serving with his characteristic integrity and thoroughness until discharged. Immedi- ately alter the close of the war he began the study of law and in 1867 was admitted to the bar. In 1870 he was elected pr(xsecuting attorney of Franklin County and at the end of the term was ch(.)sen to succeed himself. In 1877 he was the republican -candidate hjr attorney-general, and though defeated with his part\’, he nuuU- a gallant fight. In 1879 he again ran hjr the same office and was elected. Two years later he was re-c-lected, thus ludding position of attorney-general for a period (jf four years. In 1883 Governor Foster, his warm fric-nd and supiM)rtc‘r, api)ointed him a member ol the Sui)reme Court Commission, wdiich body was creatc'd to aid the Supreme Court in camipleting unfmishc'd w(n'k. This Commission sat for twa:) years, and when its work was fmishc“d, Judge Nash, as he then became known, returned to the practice of the law. Although taking a great intc'rest in ])olitics and doing much work for his jjarty in various capacities, the duties of his pro- f(,‘ssion consumed by tar the greater portion of his time. In the spring of 1899 he became a candidate for nomi- nation lor Govc-rnor, and at the convention held in ('olumbus in the following June was successful, being nomi- nated on the* sc'cond ballot by 461 votes out of a total of 820 cast. The follcmdng Ncjvember, after a spirited aud intc'resting c'ampaign, he* was elected Governor by a plurality of 49,000 votes. In 1901 he was renominated by acclamation, and rc*-elected by a ])luralit\' of 67,567. Go\-ernor Nash died in Octoloer, 1904, at Columbus, ( )hio. Myron 4\ IIicRRK IC, c-lectc-d Governor of Ohio in 1903, tcj succeed Governor George K. Nash, was born on the 9th of October, 1854, at lluntington, Lorain County, Ohio, the son of Timothy R. and Mary L. Herrick. Ilis fatlu-r came from a Massachusetts family of colonial (crigim His grandfather, Timothy Herrick, was one of the pioneers of Lorain ('ount\’, Ohio, and was a soldier in the Secemd War with England, ddmothy R. Her- rick, ( io\ ernor Merric k’s father, was born in Watertown, N. Y., in 1828. Mr. A4yron T. Herrick was educated in the district school at Huntington, the union schools at W ellington, Ohicc, and later on attended college at Oberlin and at the- Ohio W'esk'yan Lniversity, at DcTiware, Ohio. In 1899 the emeritus degree was conferred upon him b\- thc‘ ()hio Wc'slcA’an Lni\c‘rsity-. Mr. Herrick came to Cdeveland in 1875. He entered the law offices of J. F. and (b 1C Herrick, and was admitted to the bar in 1878. Mr. Herrick was a successful lawyer and later became well known as a business man and financier of ability. He is today recognized as one of the leading and most successful banker in the country. In addition to many hnancial interests, Ex-Governor Herrick is interested in various mamifacturing, industrial and business enterjirises in Gleveland, and the city has in many ways iirofited by the energy and ])ublic' spirit which he has displayed. Mr. Herrick reorganized the Wdieeling & Lake Flrie Railwa\' ('om])an\- and placed the jiroperty on a good business liasis, and it now forms an important link in the Wabash S\'stem. Mr. Herrick’s lirst vote was cast for President Rutherford B. Hayes, and he has ever since rc-maiiu'd a Republican. He lias always taken an active- interest in political issues, local and national. F'or sc‘\’eral terms he served in the (develand Cdty C'ouncil. He was a delegate to the National Conventions of 1888, 1892, 1896 and 1904 and a delegate-at-large to the National Convention in 1908, which nominated Wdlliam H. I'aft for the Presidency. In 1892 he was a member of the Ohio Electoral College, and in 1900 he was elector- at-large for Ohio. 1 le also served as a member of the Republican Naticmal Committee, bhider President McKinley he was offered the Lnited States treasuryship, and later the kb S. Ambassadorship to Rome, but both of these were declined. He was also offered the Ambassadorship to Rome by President Roosevelt, but again declined. He served as chairman of the jireliminary session when McKinley was nominated for Governor. He was appeanted by Genernor McKinley as a member cjf his military staff. In 1886 he was elected secretary and treasurer ol the Society fMr Savings, and in 1894, uixm the death of the President, Samuel H. Mather, he succeeded him to the office of President, which he still occuiiies. He became a candidate, in 1903, for the office ol Governor of Ohio, and received the marked honor of being .selec'ted as the unanimous choice of the- nominating convention the second instance of the kind in the history of the state, William McKinley being the (Hher candidate for ( io\'- ernor to receive this recoginition. Having been defeated for re-election, Mr. Herrick retired to private life until 1912, when he was appointed Ambassador to Erance by President William H. I'aft. He resides at Gleveland, Ohio, MIRON T, I 1I;RRI( K THE BOOK OF OHIO. 753 John M. Pattison succeeded Mr. Herrick as Governor of Ohio, in the fall of 1905, after a very exciting campaign. He was born on the 13th of June, 1847, near Boston, Clermont County, Ohio, being the son of a tenant farmer. Leaving the farm with his father as a youth, he went into business with him, owning and managing a country store. When he reached his sixteenth year he enlisted, a poor and delicate hgure, in the Federal army, and faithfully discharged the dangerous duty of a soldier. The war ended, he returned to Ohio and began the finishing of the education founded earlier in the little country school. Earning his own funds by teaching and working as a field hand in harvest time, he was able to pay for a collegiate course at Ohio \\"esleyan University at Dela- ware. He graduated in the class of 1869, and directly thereafter he went into the Middle West, remaining three years. MTile engaged in other business he studied law with such success that he was admitted to practice at Cincinnati in 1872. The following year witnessed his election as a member of the House of Representatives from Hamilton County, his vote being the greatest of all the candidates. It was while a member of this body that he displayed the militant opposition to organized corruption in public office and a manly impatience with the lax administration of law. After ten years of practice, which was marked by honesty to his clients, the young law^mr was invited to become one of the directors of the Union Central Life Insurance Company, of which he was elected Vice-President and General Manager. Henceforth the development and upbuilding of this institution became his life work. Notwithstanding this he never failed to respond to the call of duty as a citizen. In 1890 the death of Thomas Q. Ashburn left a vacancy in the Clermont-Brown Senatorial District. Much depended upon the political complexion of his successor, as the loss of the seat to the Democrats meant also loss of control in the Senate, before which many important party matters were pending. Called upon to lead the fight, Go\'- ernor Pattison responded, and won a great victory. In 1891 he was nominated for Congress in the Sixth District and was elected by a striking majority. As a congressman he offered the first bill appropriating funds to establish rural free mail delivery. He also made a vigorous fight against permitting the World’s Fair at Chicago to remain open on Sunday, and his efforts were successful. Leaving Congress he again returned to the task of conducting the affairs of the insurance company of which he later became president, and he had the satisfaction of witness- ing its promotion to the front rank of the great concerns of its kind. Conditions in 1905 once more called him, like Cincinnatus, from the plow. Nominated for Governor over a field of splendid candidates by what was best in the State Convention, he was chosen to lead a historic movement in the commonwealth’s affairs. After one of the most notable campaigns in Ohio, he converted a Republican majority of 256,000 of the year before into a plurality of 43,000 for himself, for he was the only Democrat elected in the State ticket. Fate decreed that he should not live long to enjoy the fruits of his remarkable triumph. His health gave way after the campaign, and he had barely strength enough to withstand the ordeal of inauguration. Returning from the capitol that night he never returned again to the executive office. Lingering until the following June, he passed away at his country home, “Prowmont,” near Milford. From his deathbed he directed the affairs of government until his weak body refused longer to respond to his indomitable will. His only message to the General Assembly, written within the shadow of the valley of death, of itself is an epitome of his life history. It is an appeal for all that should make men and government better and the world a finer place in which to live. Andrew L. Harris, who upon the death of Governor Pattison became Governor of Ohio, was born in Butler County, Ohio, November 17, 1835, and was reared on a farm in Dixon township, Preble Count\'. His grandfather, Joseph Harris, was a native of Ireland, and in 1797 crossed the Atlantic to America, taking up his abode in Cincinnati. Soon after the close of the Mffir of 1812 he moved to Butler County, Ohio. His son Ben- jamin Harris, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Cincinnati, March 3, 1803, and Avas married on the 3d of April, 1829, to Miss Nancy Lintner, of Butler County. To them were born seven children, of whom Governor Harris is the only survivor. His father passed away in 1872, and his mother’s death occured in 1881. Governor Harris spent his early boyhood da}^s on the home farm, and attended the district school through the winter season. Availing himself of the opportunity to acquire a college education, he entered Miami Lhii\'er- sity in 1857, and was graduated from that institution in 1860. He returned to the farm and soon afterward commenced the study of law. At the outbreak of the Civil War he suspended the study of law and enlisted as a private in Company C, 20th O. V. L, April 17, 1861, and was gradually advanced until he became captain of the company. At the close of this enlistment, he recruited Compaii}' C for the 75th O. L, and was commissioned captain in 1861, major in 1863, colonel in the same year and brevet brigadier-general in 1865. Wdthin the period of his service, he participated in many important engagements, among which were the battles of Montere>', Shaw’s Ridge, McDowell, Franklin, Cedar ^Mountain, Bull Run (second battle), Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. In the last named liattle he led a brigade. His command was the first to enter the town. He was se\crely wounded at McDowell and Gettysburg. At the close of the war. Governor Harris returned to his farm in Preble County, but his wounds disabled him and he completed the study of law. In 1865 he was admitted to the bar. He con- A. L. HARRIS 754 THE BOOK OF OHIO. tinned dilip:ently in the j)ractice of the legal profession until 1875. In the autumn of 1865 he was elected to rep- resent Preble and Montgomery ('ounties in the State Senate. He was chosen Probate Judge of his county in 1875, and re-c‘leeted in 1878. Later he served in the House of Representatives in the 67th and 68th General .\sseinblies. In 1891 a strong candidate was s(night to make the race for Lieutenant-Governor with William .Mclvinely. In the |)revious gubernatorial election the Re|)ublican party had suffered defeat, and it was the desire to pre.sent a ticket that should ai)i)eal strongly to the voters of Ohio. The ticket was triumphantly elected in November of that year and re-elected by increased majorities in 1893. In 1894 Governor Harris was a cand- idate for C'ongress, and reduced the normal Democratic majority of his district from 4,000 to 202. Governor I larris has gi\ en much attention t(^ the study of labor conditions and agric ultural interests. This fact was rec- ognizc'd by President Mc Kinley who, in Sei)tember, 1898, apiccdnted him one of the members of the National Industrial ( 'ominission, with headciuarters in Washingte^n, I). C. He was hcjncjred with the position of chairman of the' sub-commission on agriculture and agricultural labor. The results of his work are found on the pages of the- ninc‘tc‘en volume's that constitute the rei)ort of the commissiem. This voluminous re])ort is a standard refer- c'nc'c' work on the' industrial cemelitions in the United States. In 1905 Gcjvcrnor Harris was nominated for a third tiiiK' for lae'Utc'nant-Gox’ernor, and although in the election tollenving the head of the Republican ticket was defeated by a plurality of 42,647, Governor Harris had 29,179 more votes than his Democratic opponent. Llpon the de-ath of Go\e'rnor Pattison, General Harris became active Gcjvcrnor. Governor Harris was defeated fcjr rc'-e'le'c'tion in Noxember, 1908. At the expiration of his term of office Governor Harris retired to private life. He rc'sides at Katon, Preble Gounty, Ohio. juDSON Harmon, the present Gcjvernor of Ohio, was born on the 3d of February, 1846, at Newtown, Ohio, the son of Benjamin F. Harmon, a teacher and Bai)tist minister, and Julia Brunson Harmon. Among the l)aternal ancestors of Governor Harmon was one of the loimders of S]:)ringhelel, Mass., whcjse sons, in 1669, settled at Suffielel, ('onn. Toward the latter i)art of the Eighteenth Century David Harmon settled in Jefferson County, New 5’ork, where his son, Benjamin F. Harmon was born. Governor Harmon’s maternal ancestors belonged to the early settlers of New England. His mother’s father, Cornelius Brooks, was a soldier in the Continental army. Governor Harmon received his first education trom his father, who prepared him for college. At the age of sixteen years he entered Denison University at Granville, Ohio. He graduated in 1866, at the age of twenty years. In college he stood high as a student, and showed marked ability as a si)eaker and offhand debater. .After leaving college. Governor Harmon taught schoed for a while, and at the same time read Blackstone and Kent. In 1867 he entered the office of Judge Hoadley, in Cincinnati, where he remained until he graduated from the Cincinnati Eaw School in 1869, at which time he was admitted to the bar. In a short time he succeeded in building up a lucrative practice in Cincinnati. In early life Governor Harmon was a Rei)ublican, on account of the war issues then before the country when the Democratic party nominated Horace Greely for President, Governor Harmon, being opposed tc^ the extreme tariff policy cjf the Rei)ublican party, and op|)osed to the treatment of the South after the war, went on the stump as an advocate of Greeley’s election. His prowess as a sjieaker, as well as his success at the liar attracted to him great attention and in October, 1876, he was nomi- nated by the Democratic jearty for Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Hamilton County. His election was contested and the State Senate voted to oust him. In the following April he was nominated and elected judge of the Snicerior Court eff Cincinnati, and was re-elected in 1883 by an increased majority. In March, 1887, when Ex-Governor Hoadley retired from the firm of Hoadley, Johnson & Coltcm, Governor Harmon resigned his judicial position and became the head of the firm of Harmon, Colston, Goldsmith & Hoadley, remaining a member of this firm until his election as Governor of Ohio, in 1908. In June, 1895, Governor Harmon was ai)pointed Attorney-General of the United States by President Cleveland. He served throughout the remainder of President Cleveland’s term with great credit to himself and to the administration. He returned to Cincinnati in March, 1897, where he resumed the i)ractice of the law with the old firm. In the fall of 1908 Mr. Harmon was elected to his first term of Governor of Ohio on the Democratic ticket and in November, 1910, he was re- elected by a majority of more than 100,000 votes. D CHAPTER XX. THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. LEVELAND has a population of 381,768 by the census of 1900, and now exceeds 400,000. Of the five chief cities in the State, Cincinnati, Columbus, Dayton, Toledo and Cleveland, it was the last to receive a charter as a city, which was granted in 1836, a short time subsequent to the granting of a city charter to Toledo. In 1840 it ranked fourth in population, 6,017; in 1850 it ranked fourth with 17,100; in i860 it ranked second with 43,800; in 1870, second with 92,415; in 1880, second with 160,146; in 1890, second with 261,353, ^nd in 1900 first with 381,768. The history of Cleveland, it is generally conceded, dates from the i6th of September, I 796, when Mr. Augustus Porter, a civil engineer, succeeded in laying out a few streets on the right hand side of the Cuyahoga River where it fiows into Eake Erie. A village was designed for that point, and the hope was indulged in that at some time in the distant future it would reach the dimensions and proportions of a city. While Engineer Porter ran out the streets, his assistants laid out the village lots between them, these assistants being Seth Pease, Amos Spaftbrd and Richard Stoddard, all of whom were identified with the history and public affairs in Northern Ohio, and held responsible public positions. The place, which had formerly been referred to either as “ Cuyahoga” or as “ The Mouth of Cuyahoga,” was named Cleve- land, in honor of General Moses Cleaveland, the agent of the Connecticut Land Company, and one of its principal stockholders. An error on the part of an enrolling clerk in the Legislature caused the omission of the first “a” in Cleaveland, and, by the orthography of the city charter it was christened Cleveland, phonetically but not orthographically bearing the name honored. It was called a “city” from the start, its most important deficiency being at that time a lack of population. It contained two log cabins, one to shelter the surveying party and the other serving as a residence for Job P. Stiles and Tabitha Stiles, his good wife, who “kept house” for the party of engineers and surveyors. Later this house was known as Pease’s Hotel, and was occupied by Seth Pease. It was located between Main street and the river. The other house was near the junction of that street and the river. Over CLEVELAND AND OHIO CITY From Scranton Heights in Early Days. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 75 () on the west side of the river, and within the bounds of the present city, was a dilapidated tenantless cabin, supposed to have been erected in 1786 by the agents of the Northwestern Fur Company in which to receive provisions brought overland from Pittsburg. Mr. Spafford made a map of the “city” bearing date of October i, 1796, which gave a Battering outline of the place. The “ Public Square,” which is now Monument Square, con- tained ten acres of land, with Superior street running through it parallel with the lake shore. Originally it was named Broad street, but that name was erased and Superior substituted. Five other streets were delineated on the map. Parallel with Superior, Lake street extended from Water to Erie. Fluron ran from the river to a point one-fourth of a mile east of Erie, where the city limits terminated. Ohio ran from Erie westward to what was later Miami. Eederal street extended from Erie eastward to the city limits, occupying what was later St. Clair. Butte street ran westward from the later Water street along the margin of the lake to the mouth of the river. New streets were soon added, and, under the direc- tion of General Cleaveland the names of some of them were changed. The original plat, as revised, showed the majority of the lots to be 8x40 rods, con- taining two acres each; some were smaller and some much larger, but all were on a liberal scale. These lots were sold singly or in numbers to purchasers who felt like investing in them at the rate of ^25 an acre, or for the aver- age lot. At this date $^0,000 each would be considered a sacrifice price for any of these lots. The purchasers of these lots, however, obli- gated themselves to be- come settlers on their purchases by the year 1 797, and what was known as the farm lots or lands in bodies of ten acres were f, 7 , per acre ; 20 acres $2 per acre, and 100 acres I.1.50 per acre. By the 20th of October, 1 796, the sur- veyors had concluded their work, and with their assistants, left for their homes in the East, thus depopulating the city ex- cept Mr. and Mrs. Stiles and Mr. Joseph Landon. A few weeks later Mr. Eandon took his depart- 1 . I FIVK POINTS, reducing tne intersection sheriff, Eagle, Woodland and Ontario Streets, SUPERIOR STREET, LOOKING FROM MONUMENT SQUARE. THE BOOK OF OHIO. population to two. However, it was soon increased 33 per cent, by the fortunate arrival of Mr. Edward Paine, who later became Gen. Edward Paine, and the founder of Painesville, Lake County, who took board with Mr. and Mrs. Stiles, and the three spent the winter with no visitors except the sons and daughters of the forest who came to trade with Mr. Paine, who was a trapper and hunter and fur trader, and exchanged beads, calico, powder and lead, and other gew-gaws, for bear, beaver, otter and other valuable furs. In the spring of 1 797, Mr. Paine, wishing more elbow room, left the crowded city, went out into the woods and laid the foundations of the future city of Painesville. But in May the population increased 100 per cent., Mr. and Mrs. Gunn arriving from Conneaut. Prom that o day Cleveland never went backward in its population. On June i a large surveying party in charge of Mr. Pease arrived, and three days later, another party, convoyed by the Pease party, headed by Rev. Seth Hart, joined their fortunes with the new city. About the same time Major Lorenzo Carter joined the com- munity. Alonzo Carter, son of the major, Ezekiel Hawley, James Kingsbury, and many others came in during the summer, and in July the first wedding in Cleveland was celebrated, the bride being Miss Chloe Inches, Mrs. Carter’s hired girl, and the bridegroom Mr. William Clement, who came from Canada to claim his bride and carried her thence. Early in June of 1797 the first death and burial in the community occurred. THE ARCADE. Daniel Eldridge, one of the party that arrived that year, was drowned while crossine Grand o River, and his remains were brought to Cleveland. Lots 97 and 98 were set aside as a burial ground, a rude coffin was made, and Rev. Hart officiated at the funeral services. The first mill was constructed — a white oak stump hollowed out by fire — and in this the corn was pounded into a coarse meal with a pestle suspended from a spring pole. Eorests were cleared away, corn and vegetables were planted and cultivated, log cabins were built, and Cleveland began to take on the appearance town. Lever and of a frontier ague, the plagues of the early settlers, made their appearance, and the population alternated between fevers, chills and hard labor. People who lived on the eleva- tions were the least subject to EUCLID AVENUE. MONUMENT SQUARE. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 759 WHISKEY ISLAND OKE DOCK, FKOM TAYLOR STREET. these diseases, and were able to raise better crops, which they shared with their less fortunate neighbors. James Kingsbury was something of an inventor and fashioned a rude set ol millstones, with which a fair article of dour and meal were ground by hand power. Game of all kinds was plenty, and meat was easily obtained with the ride. By 1800 the city had reached a popula- tion of between 60 and 70 per- sons. The seasons had been mild and there was little suffer- ing on that account. Children frequently became lost in the woods and were often found with difdculty. Cleveland Township, Trumbull County, embracing all of Cuyahoga, a part of Geauga, and all of the Reserve west of Cuyahoga was erected in 1800. James Kingsbury was appointed the drst justice of the peace, and was ex-ofdcio a member of the quarter sessions court. Lorenzo Carter and Stephen Gilbert were appointed the drst constables, and were required to keep the ROSE BUILDING, CORNER OF ERIE AND PROSPECT STREETS. peace throughout their bailiwick. 760 THE BOOK OF OHIO. VIEW OF MARKET HOUSE. In 1800, Daniel Bryant and his son Gilman brought a still from Virginia, and POSTOFFICE, SUPERIOR STREET AND MONUMENT SyUARE. set up a still at the foot of Superior Lane, Distillinof was then con- sidered a highly respectable busi- ness, and the enterprise was warmly received by the entire population. The Indians were partial to the Bryant output, and in celebration of the opening of the distillery, made a feast of white dog soup, a sacred dish among the Iroquois, with Mr. Bryant, the younger, as guest of honor. But when it came to eating a dog’s foot with the hair only partly singed off, he drew the line. The soup was all right, but the sacred right forepaw he handed over to his entertainers. Samuel Huntington, after- ward supreme judge and governor of the State, member of the Legis- lature and speaker of the House, arrived from Connecticut and erected the most aristocratic resi- dence in the city, a hewed log THE BOOK OF OHIO. 7 ()l house with sawed floorinp- o and doors, and here he began his distinguished career. The first school house was opened in 1802, at the house of Mr. Carter, and Miss Anna Spafford was the first teacher. The children did not ramble far away because of the plenitude of bears, one of which was killed by “a man with a hoe” near the school house, and one day Judge Huntington, who had been out riding, was pursued to his threshold by a pack of howling and ravenous wolves. Lorenzo Carter, not to be outdone by Judge Huntington, erected a “frame house,” which rather eclipsed the latter’s hewed log man- sion. In 1802 Messrs. Carter and Spafford were both licensed by the court of quarter sessions as “ hotel keepers.” One or two families a year came to increase the pop- ulation, and their coming was always an occasion of general rejoicing. A military company was organized for protection against hostile Indians, and everybody capable of bearing arms was enrolled. In 1805 a postoffice was established, and Elisha Norton was appointed as the first postmaster. Judge Huntington having acquired an interest in the mills at Mill Creek, removed thither, as did several other families, because of the healthfulness of the situation, and it soon became a rival to Cleveland, but was eventually absorbed by the original city. xT number of Indians con- tinued to reside in the vicinity, and one of them, known as John Omic, on one occasion threatened the life of Mrs. Major Carter while she was working in her garden. The Major came near hanging him, but relented on the intercession of the elder Omic, on condition that he remain on the west side of the river. A few years later he committed a heinous offense and became the first victim of the hangman’s O rope. In 1806, a Mr. Hunter, from Kentucky, with his family and two negro slaves were crossing Rocky River and were wrecked, Ben, one of the slaves, being the only survivor. He was taken to Major Carter’s tavern, where he remained for some months, when two Ken- tuckians arrived, claiming to own him. They started to return with him, when two unknown men who had been hanging around the tavern, followed and succeeded in rescuing' the black. NEW ENGLAND BUILDING. LENNOX BUILDING, Corner Prospect and Erie Streets. 76-J THE BOOK OF OHIO. Mr. Kingsbury, who had brought some apple seeds from the East, began to gather a few apples as early as 1806. In 1807 Judge Huntington manufactured the first brick to build the chim- neys for his new frame house. In 1807 a man who had been working for Major Spafford sud- denly disappeared, without draw- ing all the pay due him, but taking nothing. When Spafford related the circumstances to his neighbor. Major Carter, the latter declared that no man should “run away” from Cleve- land, so shoulderinor his rifle he o set out in pursuit of the fugitive, and overtook him near what is now Wilson avenue, and forced him to return to his employer, although he protested that he had stolen nothing and owed no man anything. Spafford asked him to explain his conduct, which he did by saying that he was of a roving disposition and liked to go from place to place as the fancy took him. He was told that it was a bad practice and that he ought to abandon it — at least not to leave a neighbor- hood surreptitiously and without giving some sort of a notice or explanation. He ate his break- fast and went to work, and the relations between him and his Then he decided that he would like to move ; he was paid off, and given HOLLENOEN HOTEL, CORNER BOND AND SUPERIOR STREETS. employer were amicable for months, a Godspeed. In 1809 the county seat was established in Cleveland. In 1810 Major Carter built a warehouse at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. Elias Cozad and Samuel and Matthew Williamson erected tanneries, and Mr. Levi Johnson took the census of the city, showing that there were, in 1810, 57 people in the city, including Dr. David Long, the first physician, and Alfred Kelley, the first practicing lawyer. In the same year the first court of record was held in the store of E. E. H. Murray. During the war of 1812-1815 but little progress was made in the city. However, the first brick building was erected in 1814 by j. R. and I rad Kelly for a store. In that year there were 34 buildings in the place. In the same year Levi )ohnson built a small schooner which he named the “Pilot.” On the 23rd of December, 1815, the village of Cleveland was incorporated by act of the General Assembly, and was made the occasion for wild and extravagant rejoicing, one enthusiastic citizen adding to its splendors by setting fire to a load of hay which a farmer was bringing to market. An old field piece was brought into requisition, and Abram Hickox, acting as powder monkey, carried the powder in an open pail. EMPIRE THEATRE, HURON STREET. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 763 which ignited and blew him as high as the eavms of the houses, but he came down all right and as full of fight and patriotism as a singed cat. In fact patriotism w^as on tap and ladled out by the gourd full. At night fall every one was comfortably filled up and the most of them too full for utterance. The first municipal election was held on the first Monday in June follow- ing, and the total vote cast was 12. The officers, all of whom were unani- mously elected, were; President, Alfred Kelley; recorder, Horace Perry; treas- urer, Alonzo Carter ; marshal, John A. Ackley; assessors, George Wallace and John Riddle; trustees, Samuel William- son, David Long and Nathan Perry, Jr. Up to 1817 the population gradu- ally but slowly increased and new houses were going up. The era of log warehouses ceased with this year, Leonard Case and Captain William Gaylord building a large frame edifice for the purpose on the river north of St. Clair street. Levi Johnson and Dr. Long built another, and John Blair a third. A bank had been started by Leonard Case, called the Commercial Bank of Lake Erie, in 1816. In 1819 it closed from lack of business, but was soon after re-opened and became a flourishing institution. In 1818 Orlando Cutter began business with a $20,000 stock of goods, an extraordinary sum of money for those days. T , , , . , , . , WILLIAMSOX BUILDING. Land sold m the heart ol the present city at the enormous price of ^100 an acre. Ansel Young, the intimate friend ot the historian. Jared Sparks, was the almanac maker of the town. The “ Walk-in-the- Water,” the first steamboat, arrived in Cleveland harbor in 1818. The first newspaper, the “Register,” appeared during the same year. In 1819 the ‘‘ Herald” made its appearance and proceeded at once to pay its respects to “ Agueagueshake- shake, the god ot Lake Erie,” with a view of propitiating him, as well as warning the people ao-ainst his insidious assaults. o Church oro'anizations and schools beean to take shape in 1820, and there was some regularity in church services. The theatre arrived at this time, and an entertainment was announced which included " The Purse, or the Benevolent Tar.” scenes from “The Stranger.” “The Village Lawyer,” Dance” as an after-piece, had begun to outrival Cleveland, now began to fall behind. Deer were plentiful in the out- skirts of the city, wolves were plentiful and ravenous, and the mails arrived semi-occa- sionally. William White and S. J. Hamlin built the first bridge across the Cuyhoga River in 1822, Josiah Barber, Philo Scoville and with the “ Dwarf Newburpf. which Lookini HARBOR VIEW, West from Willow Street Bridge. 764 THE BOOK OF OHIO. PEKKY-PAYNK BUILDING. population. A dozen years later it was 5,000, and became a 1825, although it was slow for many years. Congress made an pier 600 feet in length was built, under the direction of Ashbel Walworth, the collector of the port, into the lake east of the mouth of the Cuyahoga, to deepen the channel of the river by erosion or something else. But it had no such effect. It was simply a failure, so pronounced that there was no pretense to the contrary. Ten thousand dollars more were appro- priated by Congress, at the instance of Con- gressman Whittlesey, and it was decided to build another pier to the east of the first and then compel the river to ilow between them, thus cutting out a channel by the action of the water. The work was put in charge of Major T. W. Maurice of the United States Engineer Corps, who at once ordered a dam to be built across the river opposite the south end of the Walworth pier. This not only interfered with business, but was apparently so absurb that it aroused public indignation to a high pitch. Reuben Chapman being the citizens’ supervising committee. The people subscribed for the work. Those who could not pay in money paid in whiskey, grain, meat and other articles. About this time Reuben Wood, the future judge and governor, located in the city. A brick school house, called the Cleve- land Academy, was erected in 1822. In 1824 the first steamboat was built in Cleveland by Levi Johnson. It was called the “Enterprise” and was of 220 tons burden — a marvel in its day. The bar at the mouth of the Cuyahoga prevented large vessels from entering the river, and they had to lay-to and unload with yawls and lighters. Cleveland boasted of her un- excelled harbor facilities. Sandusky did the same. The Sandusky “Clarion” in its shipping news spoke of the yawls used in unloading cargoes having stuck in the mud before reaching the shore or entering the river. In the shipping news of the Cleveland “ Herald” were graphic accounts of the canoes used for unloading purposes in Sandusky Bay being sunk by running afoul of cat- fish. Every lake port had the best harbor, or you were told so, when you were there and the worst when you were somewhere else. The total population, as esti- mated by one who knew the value of figures, in 1825, was 500. In July of that year ground was broken in Cleve- land for the Ohio Canal, and within a twelve-month the city had doubled its city. The city’s growth has been uninterrupted since appropriation of ^5,000 to improve the harbor, and a MANUFACTURING DISTRICT, Looking East from Case Avenue. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 765 AMERICAN TRUST BUILDING. The schooner “ Lake Serpent ” got between the dam and the bar and had to be dug out to make its accustomed voyage. The captain maligned the engineer, and said that he only wanted to live long- enough to see the idiotic plan succeed. Men, boys, teams, plows and scrapers were set to work cutting a canal across the isthmus from the river to the lake. As soon as an opening was made the river broke through and when the Hood subsided there were two feet of water in the channel, which was constantly widening and deepening. When the “ Lake Serpent ” returned from its voyage it could sail into the river through the new channel. Then the captain doffed his cap to the engineer. Later the second pier was built, and still later, under new appropri- ations, both were extended back and further into the lake. Nearly $100,000 was put into the work in a few years. Since then still greater improvements have been made in the harbor. In 1827 the Ohio Canal was opened to Akron, and the people again bubbled over with jubilation. But the digging of the canal turned the malaria loose, and fever and ague took on a new violence for several years, but fortunately, it was now possible to get quinine in preference to dogwood bark to fight the evil. The greatest of all Cleve- land’s interests had birth in 1828. The iron industry was then founded by John Ballard & Co., who put their new iron foundry into operation. In the same year the one agent that could build up the iron industry made its appearance in Cleveland over the newly opened canal. This was coal from the mines of Henry Newberry, father of Pro- fessor Newberry, whose coal lands lay along the canal to the southeast. Indeed, it was hard work to introduce coal as fuel in Cleve- land, where wood was yet plenti- ful and cheap. Finally Philo Scoville, who kept the Franklin House, was induced to experi- ment with it in his bar room. The experiment was satisfactory, and ere long the use of coal became popular, except among the more aristocratic house Y. M. C. A. BUILDING. SUPERIOR STREET, LOOKING EAST FROM VIADUCT. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 767 keepers. Iron and coal now are among the greatest factors in the city. When Newburof beo^an to o o fall behind in the metropolitan race, Brooklyn, across the river, entered it, and althoug-h a small place, was a persistent rival. Its population increased rapidly and its business grew proportion- ately. Both villages began to yearn for city clothes. A few proposed that they unite and make one garment cover both. But there were too many ambi- tions to make this plan possible. To the unspeakable shame and humiliation of Cleveland, Brook- lyn was incorporated as Ohio City on the 3rd of May, 1836, and it was five days later before Cleveland was incorporated as the City of Cleveland. Then the two rivals blared o defiance at each other across the muddy waters of the Cuyahoga for many years. But their rivalries and jealousies were long since buried and are turned to dust and ashes. .Cleveland, Ohio City, Newburg, and all the clustering hamlets are now under the proud escutcheon of the metropolitan city of the Buckeye State. The shipping interests kept pace with the growing busi- ness of the port. From March to November, 1836, the sloops, schooners, brigs and ships arriv- ing with cargoes numbered 91 1, and the steamboats with freight and passengers 990. Compared with the present, this is but a GAKFIELD BUILDING. SOUTHWEST CORNER PUBLIC SQUARE, In 1839. CLEVELAND FROM BROOKLYN HILL, Looking east, in 1833. 768 THE BOOK OF OHIO. SOLDIEKS’ AND SAILORS’ MONUMENT, Monuiiient Square. mere bagatelle, but at that time it challenged the attention of the whole country as one of the marvels of progress. Late in 1836 commercial depression overtook Cleveland, and before the opening of the new year it blew a hurricane of panic, and banks and business houses and private indi- viduals were bankrupted. In 1837 the collapse was complete, and “Hard Times” sat enthroned on the lake shore. It was a note- worthy fact at the time that the Bank of Lake Lrie rode out the storm, although the most of its best customers were impoverished. From 1836 to 1840 there was no appar- ent increase in the population, the census showing it to be about 7,000. By 1840 the city began to revive from the effects of the panic. New iron works were established; coal shipments increased, and manufacturing of all kinds began to take on increased proportions. Street paving began experimentally in 1842, first with wood and then with limestone, and finally with Medina sandstone. Now all the superior materials are used for the purpose. In 1845, ^ of prosperity had set in, and was of a substantial rather than of a specula- tive character. Religion and education kept pace with trade and commerce. Accumulated wealth brouofht ease and artistic ideas, and beautiful homes were erected in the beautiful spots beyond the noise and turmoil of the denser center of population. And this spirit is still uppermost. In 1850 the population just passed 17,000. Cleveland was yet a commercial rather than a manufacturing city, and was the point of shipment from Northern Ohio of products to the hLast and the depot of dis- tribution of merchandize to the West and to the outlying dis- tricts, and in the transhipping place for immigrants. During the 50’s the rail- road era added to the growth and importance of Cleveland, and bepfan to stimulate manu- facturing enterprises of all kinds. Cleveland and Ohio City were united in 1854 by the vote of the people, who largely favored the union, so that when they were united the population was nearly doubled. East Cleveland was annexed in 1867, and other hamlets and towns were absorbed before or since that date. Among the leading news- papers now or heretofore pub- lished in the city may be CITY HALL. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 769 mentioned the “Herald,” “Adver- tiser,” “News,” “Leader, “Plain Dealer, “ Press,” “ Recorder,” “World,” “Anzieger ” and “Wachteram Erie.” Some 40 other evanescent papers have long ceased to exist. There are between 50 and 60 weekly, bi-monthly and monthly papers published at this time, devoted to agriculture, manufacturers, reli- gion, science, and other special subjects, and printed in English, German, Bohemian and other foreign languages. Cleveland is situated on Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River and the northern terminus of the Ohio Canal, 139 miles northeast of Columbus, the State capitol ; 225 miles north- east of Cincinnati; 130 miles from Pittsburg; 190 miles from Buffalo ; 650 miles from New York, and 130 miles from Detroit. In 1846 Cleveland had eight or ten manufacturing estab- lishments, as many mercantile and mechanical institutions, ten newspapers, 20 churches and missions, four banks, two collegi- ate institutions, its total tonnage was 13,493, and the number of its vessels of all kinds was 85, while its imports and exports by the lake amounted to $g, 000, 000. Its lake shipments are now approximately ten times as great. SOCIETY FOR SAVINGS BUILDING. Corner of Ontario Street and Monninent Square. CLEVELAND HARBOR FROM BREAKWATER, Showing Steamer ‘‘ Corsica ” going in. and its railway shipments almost as much. Its colleges, academies, high schools and other schools are now numbered by scores, and in addition to the large Cleveland, Case and Law libraries, it has many others that are of great value and versatility. It has 50 or more banks and financial institutions, some of them amone the strongest in the country, and carrying millions of deposits. Its churches and missions, embracing all the Christian denominations and sects, exceed 150. Its newspapers and publi- cations have increased 1,000 per cent. Its mercantile establishments reach into the thousands, and its manufacturino- and mechani- cal establishments, great and small, exceed 1,000, some of them being the largest in the country. Among its railways are the Cleveland, Akron N Columbus ; the Cleveland Belt and Terminal; the Cleveland, Canton & Southern; the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicasfo & St. Louis; the Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling ; the Cleve- land & Mahoning Valley ; the Cleveland 770 THE BOOK OF OHIO. & Marietta ; the Cleveland & Pittsburg- ; the Cleveland Ter- minal & \"alley ; the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern ; the New York, Chicago & St. Louis ; the New York, Lake Trie N W estern; the Nypano; the Pennsylvania; the Paltimore N Ohio, and vari- ous other connections. d'he total capital invested in manufactures of all kinds is appro.ximately ^100,000,000 ; the annual value ot product, $120,- 000,000; wages paid, ^25,000,000; employes of all kinds, 50,000. d'he output of these establish- ments includes practically all forms of modern manufactures. d'he city stands on a broad plateau at an average ele- vation of 80 feet above the water line of Lake Erie, and is bisected by the Cuyahoga River, which for a distance of nearly hve miles is broad and deep, and is navig- able for the largest passenger and freight steamers, d'he Cleve- land harbor is the best and most commodious on Lake Erie. .Scientific investigation shows that at some remote period this plateau was the bot- tom of a land-locked lake, prob- ably the glacial predecessor of the present lake, which receded throimh a lono- series of ages to its existing level, leaving a HICKOX BUILDING, COKNEK EUCLID AVENUE AND EKIE STREET. succession of ridges parallel therewith, many miles in length and extending back to the rocky elevations which formed the limit of the original mere. The plateau was unquestionably formed at the time of the glacial epoch, and is superimposed to a depth of some 200 feet upon the solid rocky bed which under- lies it. This superimposed mass is composed of alternate layers of strata of Devonian shale, marl, clay, gravel, sand, alluvium, the disintegrations of Arctic moun- tain formations, rocks, boulders and drift wood from the tropical northern districts, which were heavily clothed under former climatic conditions. In the sandy and alluvium strata referred to are to be found the bones of a wide variety of CENTRAL ARMORY. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 771 CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. by the missionaries, and are yet to be found in the French archives of the period of Louis XIV. Many great names, which are closely inter- woven with the history of Ohio, are connected even more closely with the city itself, and they are deserv- ing of a passing notice. General Moses Cleaveland, the founder of the city, naturally comes first. He was born in Canter- bury, Connecticut, in 1754. He graduated from Yale College in 1777. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and practiced his profession in his native town. He was made a captain of engineers in the Revolution in 1779. He was afterward a member of the Connecticut Leg^islature. He came to Ohio in 1795. He died in Canterbury, Connecticut, Novem- ber 16, 1806. On the 23rd of July, 1888, a bronze statute to his memory was unveiled to him in the Public Square of the city, which he had surveyed almost a century before, inscribed : “ General Moses Cleaveland, founder of the city, 1796.” The bronze represents him as a surveyor afield with a Jacob’s staff in his right hand and an old fashioned compass clasped in his left arm at the elbow. Jared Potter Kirtland, another great citizen, was born in Wallingford, Connecticut, in 1793. He graduated from the Yale Medical School when 30 years of age and came to Poland, Ohio, where he animals, characteristic of the age which immediately preceded the glacial and drift period. There have been discovered in the sliding banks of the lake and river, in ravines and in excavations, the bones and teeth ol elephants and mastodons, as well as the entire skeletons of both these species. Here are to be found the evidences of the existence of the remote and mysterious Mound Builders, as well as the more modern aboriginal races and tribes. The red man, who came perhaps 1,000 or more years ago, and whose existence in the locality was known to the white man almost 500 years ago, followed the IMound Builder, but had not even a tradition of the character of his predecessor. From 1535 to 1760, covering a period of 225 years, explorations and discoveries were made in the region of the lakes, and north of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi by the Jesuits and fur traders of France, and these discoveries made it a part of the P'rench Dominions in America and called New F" ranee. It passed to Pingland’s possession in 1 760, and the northern part of Ohio became a part of the Pinglish Province of Quebec. The Cuyahoga River, more than 200 years ago, was the boundary between the Six Nations, or Iroquois, and the Indian Nations of the West. The P'rench missionaries taught Christianity on its banks, and some of the most vivid descriptions of the children of the forest were written there i THE SHERIFF STREET MARKET HOUSE. THE BOOK OF OHIO. Ti-1 he practiced his profes- sion. He was an expert in the cultivation of fruit and flowers, as well as a profound scientist. He served in the Ohio Legis- lature, was medical pro- fessor at Willoughby, and in 1837 assistant in the first geological survey of Ohio, and made the report on its zoology. In 1 840 he removed to Rockport, near Cleve- land, and he became the chief founder of Cleveland Medical College. During o CENTRAL VIADUCT. tlm Civil War he was examining surgeon for re- cruits and devoted his pay to the Soldiers’ Aid Society. He investigated many departments of natural history and pub- lished several valuable works on that subject. He was one of the founders of the Cleveland He died in Cleveland in 1877, at the Academy of Natural Sciences and of the Kirtland Society of Natural History age of 84. Governor Reuben Wood, who died on his farm near Rockport, Cuyahoga County, in 1864, was born in Royalton, Vermont, in 1793, and came to Cleveland in 1818. At the breaking out of the second War of Independ- ence, in l8i2, he was temporarily residing with an uncle in Canada, where he was studying law and the classics, and was conscripted to serve under arms against his country. He refused to enter the English service, was placed under guard, and at the hazard of his life escaped, and made his way across Lake Ontario in a small boat. For years he worked on the farm of his widowed mother and continued his studies. When he came to Cleveland, in 1818, he entered upon the practice of his profes- sion ; was three times chosen to the .Senate ; was elected by the Legislature in 1830 as president judge of the Common Pleas of the Third District; was unani- mously elected to the Supreme Bench in 1833 ; was re-elected by the same vote in 1841, and was chief justice of the court for three years. He was elected of the State on the Democratic ticket in 1850, and re-elected in 1857 under the present constitution, resigned the office to accept the office of consul at Valparaiso, Chili, and afterward became United States minister to that country. He resigned the office and returned o to the United States. He was ■ — ^ — - of tall and commanding figure, ore docks, looking west from willow street bridge. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 773 THE FEATS FKON FRANKLIN STREET HILL. and was called “ the tall Chief ot the Cuyahogas,” by both his political friends and opponents. He did much in building up and beautifying his adopted city. His farm, “ Ever- green Place,” lay along the banks of Lake Erie. 1 GLOBE IRON WORKS. Shipyaril American Ship Building Conipanc’. Sherlock |. Andrews was another ol the distinguished Clevelanders. He was born in Wallingford, Connecticut, in the year iSoi, and died in iS8o. He was the son of a physician, and was well educated and graduated from Union College. For a time he was an assistant ot Professor Silliman at Yale. He came to Cleveland in 1825, and the law firm of Andrews, Foot & Hoyt was among the most prom- inent in the State. He went to Congress in 1840. In 1848 he was elected judge of the Superior Court in Cleveland. He was a man of great learning and great public enterprise. Rufus P. Ranney, who was of Scotch descent, was born CLEVELAND PARK BOULEVARD. THE BOOK OF OHIO. CENTRAL POLICE STATION. in Blanford, Massachusetts, in 1813, and came to Portaq-e County, Ohio, in 1824. Later he located at Cleveland, where he resided the rest of his life. When a lad of 15, in Portage Count)-, he was engaged in farm work, and to earn sufficient money to acquire a college education, he contracted to chop a cer- tain amount of fire wood at 25 cents a cord. With this money he entered the Western Reserve College, but for lack of sufficient means was not able to graduate. He went on foot, from the college, to Jefferson, the county seat of Ashtabula County, carrying all his property and possessions in a pack on his back, and entered the law office of Giddings & Wade — Joshua R. Giddings and Benjamin F. Wade, where he fitted himself for the bar, and was duly admitted. When Mr. Giddings was O elected to Cono^ress, he entered into partnership with Mr. Wade, and in 1845 opened a law office in Warren, the county seat of Trumbull County. He was a member of the Democratic party and was twice an unsuccessful candidate for Congress. In 1857 he was a member of the convention which framed the present constitu- tion of the State, in which he exercised a powerful influence. He was twice chosen to the Supreme Bench of the State, on which he was conspicuous for the clearness and soundness of his decisions. Immediately preceding the Civil War he was the Democratic No. 20 ENGINE HOUSE, CLARK AVENUE. ARCADE. candidate for governor against William Dennison, Jr., but was defeated by about 3,000 votes. During the war he was actively in favor of its vigorous prosecution. Henry Chisholm did more, perhaps, than an)- one man, to start into an avalanche the spirit of manufacturing, which had long been growing in Cleveland. He founded and became president of the Rolling Mill Compaii)-, which immediately outranked all other establishments of the kind in the world for size, output and completeness of appliances. He was born in Lochgelly, Scotland, and came to Cleveland THE BOOK OF OHIO. 77 () HATCH LIBRARY. in early life. He was a carpenter by trade, and first landed at Montreal, Canada. He became a master builder at Cleveland, and for a time worked on the Cleveland breakwater. In 1857 his mind turned into the channel of manu- facturing-, and he founded at Newburg the great iron manufacturing frm of Chisholm & Jones, from which grew the immense rolling mill, without a rival anywhere. His brother, three years his junior, William Chisholm, the distinguished inventor, joined him in 1857, and later engaged in the manufacture of spikes, bolts and horseshoes in Cleveland, and after demonstrating, both experimentally and prac- tically the manufacture of screws from Bessemer steel, orgfanized the Union Steel Company of Cleveland in 1871. Later on he devised and perfected new methods and new machinery for the manufacture of steel shovels and spades, and established a large factory for their production. In 1882 he began the manufacture of engines of a new model, adapted for hoisting and pumping and transmitters tor carrying coal and ore between vessels and railway cars. Improvements and elaborations in this line succeeded, and the business is one ot the great economic features oi Cleveland to-day. Charles brands Brush, the great electric genius and o o inventor, was born in luidid, in 1840. He was the son of a farmer, and worked on his father’s farm in youth. He was MASONIC TKMPLE, BOND AND SUPERIOR STREETS. educated in the Michigan University. At the age ot 15 he constructed microscopes and telescopes for himself and his boyish companions, and devised a method for turning on and lighting and turning off and extinguishing gas lamps by electricity. When he left college he established a labratory in Cleveland, and soon achieved fame as an analytic chemist. He then turned his attention to electric lighting, contemporaneously with Mr. Thomas A. Edison, another Ohioan, who went from Akron to the East. In 1875 he invented a dynamo capable of producing the proper electrical current for several lights. Also a lamp BALTIMORE & OHIO AND CLEVELAND TERMINAL & VALLEY Depot. Canal, South and Water Streets. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 777 that could then work successfully on a circuit with an indefinite number of other lamps. These inventions he introduced throughout the United States in 1876. Over 50 patents have been taken out by him relating to the dynamo and lamp, and their successful application in commercial lighting, all of which are a part of the Electric Brush Company of Cleveland, while the foreign patents are held by the Ano^lo-American Brush Electric Liorht Com- pany of London, England. He erected one of the most beautiful mansions on Euclid Avenue, Cleveland. The Erench government decorated him as a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in recognition of his great scientific attainments, and other high honors were showered upon him. Edward Wade was among the strongest opponents of slavery, when that question became paramount in state and national politics, and he was elected to Congress on WOMAN’S COLLEGE, BELLFLOWER AVENUE. SOUTH HIGH SCHOOL. that issue for four successive terms. He was first elected in 1852 from the Nineteenth Dis- trict to the Thirty-third Congress, comprising the counties of Cuyahoga, Lake and Geauga, was elected to the Thirty-fourth in 1854, the Thirty-fifth in 1856, and the Thirty-sixth in 185S, from the same district. Nominally a Whig, and receiving the support of that party as against the Democratic, he was of the most advanced type of the Tree Soil school, and ably and aggressively advocated all measures of an anti-slavery character, whether presented for the consideration of Congress by himself or others. He ranked among the ablest oppo- nents of the extension of slavery of his day in Congress, as well as a man thoroughly versed in all the other commanding questions and issues. He was a lawyer of great prominence, and stood at the head of the Cleveland bar. He was born in West Springfield, Massa- chusetts, November 22, 1802. and died in Cleveland in August, 1866. William J. White was born in Canada, October 7, 1850, and migrated to the United States in 1857. He was educated in the common schools, and when a young man entered and still continues in business as a wholesale dealer and manufacturer, with large interests also in shipping, mining, farm- ing and stock raising. He was elected mayor of West Cleveland, as a Repub- lican, in 1889. In 1892 he was elected to the Eifty-third Congress, as a Repub- lican, from the Twentieth District, a part of Cuyahoga and Lake and Medina Counties. Martin Ambrose Eoran was born in Choconut, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, November ii, 1844, and OLD CONVENT. 778 THE BOOK OF OHIO. CASE SCHOOL OF APPLIEO SCIENCE. district to the h'orty-ninth in 1S84, and to the I'iftieth in 1886. On the floor of of character and made an enviable record on all important issues of the day. Amos d'ownsend was born in b'ayette County, Pennsylvania, in 1831 ; removed at an early age to Ohio, and became a citizen ot Cleveland, with whose commercial interests he was identified for many years ; was for ten years a member of the city council, serv- ing seven of those years as its president; was a member of the state constitutional convention in 1873; was elected to the Forty-fifth Congress in 1876 from the Twentieth District, Cuyahoga County, and was re-elected from the same district in 1878 to the Forty-sixth, and to the P'orty-seventh in 1880. He lived till nearly the close of the century. John \V. Allen was elected to the Twenty-fifth Congress in 1836 from the P'ifteen District, composed of Cuyahoga, Lorain, Portage and Medina, and was re-elected to the Twenty-sixth in 1838 is still prominent in the legal pro- fession at Cleveland. He received both a public school and a collegiate education, graduating from St. Joseph’s College, Sus- quehanna, Pennsylvania. For three years he taught school. He served as a private soldier in the Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry during 1864 and 1865. He learned the trade of cooper, and while followinof his trade read law and was admitted to the bar in 1874, and began the practice in Cleveland, where he became a successful attorney. He was a member of the constitutional con- vention of 1873, and was prose- cuting attorney of Cuyahoga County from 1875 1877. He was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth Congress in 1882 from the Twenty-first Dis- trict, a part of Cuyahoga County; was elected from the same Congress he was a man of great force from the same district. He was a OLD LIGHT HOUSE ON WATER STREET. Cleveland in 1841, having located there in 1825, as a lawyer. Later he became identified with various railway enterprises. He was appointed postmaster of Cleveland by President Grant in 1870, and reappointed in 1874, but resigned the office in 1875. He was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, in 1802. Vincent Albert Taylor was born in Bedford Ohio, December 6, 1845. He was educated in the NORTHLAND IN THE DOCKS AT CLEVELAND. THE BOOK OF OH/0. 779 common schools. In May, 1864, he enlisted in Company H, One Hundred and Fiftieth Ohio \M 1 - unteer Infantry, and in August, of the same year, re-enlisted in the One Hundred and Fifty- seventh Ohio, and served until the end of the war. Upon his return to civil life he entered into the manufacturing business at Cleveland and was successful. He was elected to the Ohio state senate in 1887, and served one term. In 1890 he was elected to the Fifty-second Congress, as a Republican, from the Twentieth District, composed of a part of Cuyahoga and Huron, Lake, Lorain and Summit Counties, and served one term. He resumed his business life upon retiring from Congress. Clifton Bailey Beach was born in Sharon, Medina County, Ohio, September 16, 1845, and removed to Cleveland in 1852, where he has since resided, having retired from the law practice and engaged extensively in manufacturing enterprises. He was educated in the common schools, and gradu- ated from the Western Reserve College, Hudson, Ohio, in 1871. He studied law, and after his admission to the bar practiced the profession for a number of years. In 1894 elected to the Fifty-fourth Congress, as a Republican, from the Twentieth District, a part of Cuyahoga and Lake and Medina Counties, and was re-elected to the Fifty-fifth from the same district in 1896. HISTORICAL SOCIETY BUILDING, EUCLID AVENUE. John Henry Devereux was born in Boston in 1832, and came to Cleveland and Northern Ohio in 1848. He was one of the most efficient and. successful railway managers of his time, and was thoroughly educated thereto in the school of experience. He served as constructing engineer on a number of roads penetrating the upper portions of the ST. PETER'S CATHOLIC CHURCH. An old landmark. Corner Dodge and Superior Streets. BISHOP RAPP, First Bishop of Cleveland. 780 THE mny^ of ohio. I State. At the breaking out of the Civil War he was occupying a prominent and responsible railway position in Tennessee, and was made superintendent of the Military Railways of Virginia by Presi- dent Lincoln. In this position his latent managerial ability was quickly developed and he brought order out of the pre- vailing chaos, overcoming obstacles which were regarded as insurmountable. His achievements awoke both wonder and admiration, and it was made possible to move the vast armies with certainty and celerity. In 1864 he returned to Cleveland, became in suc- cession the president of the C. C. C. & I., the Atlantic & Great W estern and the Indianapolis & St. Louis rail- ways. He was a man of great personal courage and in 1877, by his indomitable will and insistence, prevented 800 of his employes from joining in the prevalent railroad riots. Lie died in the very prime of his usefulness. One ot the great newspaper editors of Cleveland was Edwin Cowles. He was born in Austinburg, Ashtabula County, in 1825, and died toward the close of the century. He learned the printers’ art in the office of the Cleveland “ Herald,” which afterward was merged with the “ Leader.” He was among the first who moved for the organization of the Republican party, in 1854-55, which was the outcome of the organization and solidification of all the various political elements and organizations in opposition to the Democratic party. He first suggested the name of David I'od, a war Democrat, for the Republican nomination for governor of Ohio, in 1861, and his suggestion was adopted. He also suggested the name of John Brough, another war Democrat, for the gubernatorial nomination, in 1863, which suggestion was also followed. He was strong in feeling and expression, always aggressive for his party and for the CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL, WILSON AVENUE. YACHT COMANCHE. Sold to United States government at opening of Spanish War and cotiv'erted into a gunboat. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, KENNARU AND PROSPECT STREETS. TFIE BOOK OF OHIO. 781 interests of his city. In 1870 he began a great fight to minimize the danger to life in the railway crossing, and the result of that fight was the construction of the great viaduct which spans the Cuyahoga Valley, costing $3,000,000, and carrying the vast volume of traffic between the two sections of the city high above the network of railway tracks. William W. Armstrong, editor of the “ Plain Dealer,” the Democratic newspaper, was Mr. Cowles’ contemporary, and like him, was strong in his convic- tions and outspoken in their utterance. He is a man of high standing in the city. He was secretary of state of Ohio, treas- urer of the city, postmaster, a member of the Democratic National Committee, and a leader of his party both in state and national affairs. ST. JOHN’S CATHEDRAL, BISHOP’S RESIDENCE AND CATHOLIC SCHOOL, Erie and Superior Streets. SCENE IN LAKE VIEW PARK. Leonard Case, father and son of the same name, contributed much to the growth and greatness of the city. The former, who was born in Pennsylvania, and died in 1864, at the age of 80, came to Cleveland in 1816. To him is due the honor of makino- it the Forest o City, as he inaugurated the system of beau- tifying it with shade trees. He was county auditor, active in promoting the Ohio Canal, and was one of the projectors of Cleveland’s first railway, the C. C. & C. He was liberal in his public benefactions. His son, who is also deceased, carried out his father’s ideas, and amonof his benefactions was the o-ift of $300,000 to the Cleveland Library Association. Joseph Perkins, who was born in Warren, Ohio, July 5, 1819, and died at Saratoga Springs, New York, August 26, 1885, and who was educated at Marietta College, came to Cleveland in 1852, where he was exten- sively engaged in banking, real estate and other business during the rest of his life. Mrs. Rebecca Elliott Cromwell Rouse, was a promi- nent figure in Cleveland before, during and after the Civil War. She devoted her wealth and time to caring for the families of the soldiers, and was in fact as well as in name “the mother of the Baptist churches and founder of Christain work in Cleveland.” She was born in Salem, Massa- chusetts, October 30, 1799, and married Jacob Rouse when she was 18. She came to the Western THE wmDDELL HOMESTEAD. VIEW AT ENTRANCE TO WADE PARK. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 783 UNIVERSITY PRIVATE SCHOOL, CORNER HOUGH AND GIDDINGS STREET. Reserve as a missionary. She lived and labored in this field until her 90th year. John Brough spent the latter years of his life in Cleve- land, where he was engaged in the railway business. He was born in Marietta in 1811, and died in 1865, while governor of the State. He was a prominent newspaper editor and state auditor during his earlier life, and was” educated at the Ohio University, Athens. John D. Rockefeller, the great oil magnate, who was born in Central New York, July 8, 1839, came to Cleveland in 1853, and soon after entered upon his great business career. Amasa Stone, the great bridge and railway contractor and builder, came to Cleveland in 1850. He was born in Charlton, Massachusetts, April 27, 1818, and died in Cleveland, May ii, 1883. He was the greatest and most successful railway contractor and builder of his time. Jeptha H. Wade, the inventor and business man, was born in Seneca County, New York, August ii, 1811, and spent the active years of his manhood at Cleveland, and in that vicinity. He was closely identified with telegraph construction, and the consolidation of the various rival lines as the Western Union Telegraph Company was effected by him and he was its first president. Charles F. Browne, the humorist known as “ Artemus Ward,” resided in Cleveland for a time, and it is the home of the distinguished diplomat and secretary of state, John Hay. LAKE SHORE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RAILWAY BRIDGE Over Boulevard at Edgewater Park. REVENUE CUTTER HENRY Q. GRESHAM, Built at Globe Shipyard, Marcus A. Hanna is one of the powerful factors in Cleveland’s progress and his successful career is mentioned in another part of this work. One of the leading men in financial circles is Myron T. Herrick, president of the Society for Savings, one of the greatest financial institutions of the country. Mr. Herrick is also spoken of elsewhere. Among the many historic monuments and mementos of Cleveland, may be mentioned particularly the monument and statue to Commodore Perry in Monument Square, and the monument to President Garfield in Lake \hew Cemetery. There are several public parks, among them Gordon, of about 120 acres on the lake shore, Wade, of 83 acres, on which ^500,000 has been expended, making it one of the fin- est parks in the West. The total park and boulevard acreage exceeds 1,200 acres. The Park Commission has been authorized to spend $1,000,000 in the creation of 784 THE BOOK OF OHIO. JULIUS E. FRENCH RESIDENCE, EUCLID AVENUE. receipts, 15,190,000; shipments, 277, 871,000. Milwaukee, receipts, 74,498,000; shipments, 10,871,000. Number and tonnage of vessels cleared from the port of Cleveland for a series of years : 1880, 2,721 vessels, tonnage, 1,167,101; 1890, 3,581 vessels, tonnage, 2,393.747 ; 1895, vessels, tonnage, 2,820,165; 1896, 3,119 vessels, tonnage, 2,789,516; 1897, 3,855 vessels, tonnage, 3,298,999; 1898, 3,887 vessels, tonnage, 3,271,127; 1899, 4,112 PILGRIM’S CHURCH, JENNINGS AVENUE. additional parks and boulevards. The United States buildingr in- eluding the custom house, post- office and Federal courts, occupies one building. A new ^2,500,000 Federal building is to be erected within the next few years. The two county court houses, the city hall and Case Library build- ing, containing the Case Library, are substantial structures. Other important buildings are those of the Western Reserve Historical Society, Western Reserve Uni- versity, Case School of Applied Science, and the Chamber of Commerce, Hickox, Garfield, New England, Rose and William- son office buildings. The annexed figures show the p^rowth of the iron ore trade in the Cleveland district, commencing with the year 1876 and ending with 1900: GUILFORD HOUSE, WOMAN’S COLLEGE. Year. Total sliipnients of iron ore from the l.ake .■Superior District. Keceive493 ! Baltimore, 8, tonnage, 13,213; Philadelphia, 15, ton- nage, 11,258; New York, 14, tonnage, 7,216; Toledo, 3, ton- nage, 5,591 ; all other ports, 14, tonnage, 21,529; making a total of 90 vessels, with a tonnage of 196,85 I . Nearly all of the shipping used in the iron ore traffic is owned in Cleveland. More than 75 per cent, of the modern steel CITY HOSPITAL AND INFIRMARY. ships in service on the Great Lakes is owned and operated by Cleveland vesselmen. Vessel tonnage owned in Cleve- land is valued at more than ^65,000,000. Report of freight received and forwarded for the year 1 900 : Anthracite coal, tons received, 138,614; tons for- warded, 16,481. Bituminous coal, tons received, 4,136,696; tons forwarded, 2,233,607. Coke, tons received, 394,934; tons forwarded, 51,552. Iron ore, tons received, 3,823,314; tons forwarded, 2,986,856. Stone, sand and lime, tons received, 819,097; tons forwarded, 126,560. Petroleum, barrels received, 587,987 ; barrels forwarded, 648,563. Pig, bloom and railroad iron, tons received, 464,468; tons for- warded, 206,560. Other iron and castings, tons received, 276.906; tons forwarded, 520,407. Lumber and other forest SALVATION ARMY. STEAMER “CORALIA.” products, cars received, 44,278; cars for- warded, 11,234. Manufactures, tons re- ceived, 540,388; tons forwarded, 526,924. Cattle, head received, 123,552; head for- warded, 33,572. Hogs, head received, 1,180,605; head forwarded, 322,384. Sheep, head received, 186,822; head forwarded, 18,645. Other live stock, head received, 15,945; head forwarded, 1,733. Wheat, uishels received, 3,363,830 ; bushels for- warded, 1,865,970. Corn, bushels received, 12,252,878; bushels forwarded, 10,438,967. Oats, bushels received, 12,382,639; bushels forwarded, 9,739,106. Barley, bushels re- ceived, 216,257; bushels forwarded, 110,249. Other cereals, bushels received, 8,169; bushels forwarded, 339,173. Agricultural products, except grain, tons received. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 787 253,386; tons forwarded, 44,026. Flour, tons received, 118,272; tons forwarded, 59,921. Provi- sions, tons received, 114,583; tons forwarded, 49,297. Salt, tons received, 12,436; tons for- warded, 82,585. Merchandise and other articles, tons received, 689,659; tons forwarded, 547,032. The federal census of 1 890 reported 2,307 manufacturing establishments, employing $ 77 - 9490-5 capital, and 50,674 persons ; paying $65,645,649 for stock used, and $28,355,503 for wages ; and yielding products of an aggregate value of $113,- 240,115. The principal in- dustries, according to the value of products, were the manu- facture of iron and steel, $i 5,472, - 199; foundry and machine shop products, $11,832,334; refined petroleum, $10,583,501 ; packed meat, $4,810,993, and malt liquors, $3,011,555. Other important manufactures were clothing, flour and grist, lumber, planing mill products, publications, ships, paint, iron and steel forgings, railroad cars, and bread and bakery products. Cleveland is the center of the malleable iron trade in the United States, and surpasses all other lake ports in the building of iron and steel vessels, some having been built 380 feet in length and costing $500,000. The greater part of the. city is on a plain elevated about 100 feet above the lake, and is laid out with much taste, especially the public squares and streets. The latter are wide and well paved, and an abundance of elms and other URSUUINE CONVENT. ST. BRIDGET’S CATHODIC SCHOOL. Showing priest’s residence, school, and Little Sisters of the Poor. CALVARY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, Eirclid Avenue. 788 rilE BOOK OF OHIO. shade trees has given the city the name of “'I'he Forest Cit)'.” The two portions of the city are united by a stone viaduct, span- ning the river and valley, completed in 1878, and having a length of 3,211 feet. Three more viaducts connect various parts of the city and form a belt elevated roadway. The city owns an extensive water works system, costing ^^9, 5 18,480. The reservoirs have a storage capacity of 117,- 000,000 gallons daily, and the water is dis- tributed through 532 miles of mains. The water is [)um[)ed from the lake at a distance of one and one-half miles from the shore and brought to the city by means of tunnels. The consum[)tion averages 61,712,984 gallons daily. There are in all 565 miles of streets, of which 149 are paved. The sewer- age system has aliout 267 miles of pipe. The city is lighted by gas and electricity at an annual cost of 1^26,779. Cleveland ranks as one of the most important lake ports. In the fiscal year ending December 31, 1899, tho imports of merchandise aggregated in value ^1,203,196, and the exports ^2,175,849. The entrances of shipping in the Cuyahoga district, of which Cleveland is the port of entry, during 1899 were 7,204 vessels, with a total tonnage of 8,831,259; clearances, 7,209 vessels, with a tonnage of 8,892,799. The total number of vessels 14,413; total ton- nage, 17,724,058. On October 6, 1900, there were fifteen National Banks in operation, having a combined capital of ^10,400,000, and a surplus fund of ^3,448,402. There were on the same date 23 savings banks and ten trust companies in opera- tion. The deposits in the national and savings banks exceed ROADSIDE CLUB HOUSE. CLEVELAND SCHOOL OF ART, Wilson Avenue. 1 30,000,000. The combined capital and sur- plus of national and savings banks exceeds $2 1,000,000. The exchanges at the United States Clearing House in the year ending September 30, 1899, aggregated ^484,141,582, an increase over that of the preceding year of 1 14.333- 1 67- At the close of the school year, 1899- 1900, the children of school census age aggre- gated 116,453; th® enrollment in public day schools was 58,301 ; and the average daily attendance. 45,069. There were 1,256 regular teachers. 63 buildings used for public school purposes, and public school property valued at $4,049,464. There are also three public high schools, and three others in construction ; the Hathaway- Brown School for Girls, and Eng- lish and Classical School for Girls, University -School, Ursuline Academy, and Cleveland Normal Training School. For higher educa- , o T • r- 11 nr- ENTRANCE TO ERIE STREET CEMETERY, tion there were St. Ignatius College, ( K. G., Looking through to Bromweii street. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 780 1886) and Western Reserve University (non- sect., 1826) including Adelbert College, Cleve- land College for Women, and the Case School of Applied Science. There were training schools for nurses connected with the Cleve- land City Hospital, General Hospital, Homeo- pathic Hospital, Lakeside Hospital, and the State Hospital for the Insane. There are many churches in Cleveland, the most noteworthy being St. Paul’s, (P. E.) the Woodland Avenue, (Presb.) with the larg- est Sunday school in the city; Old Stone, (Presb.) Cavalry, (Presb.) Plymouth Congre- gational, First Methodist, Euclid Avenue Baptist, and the First Congregational, all built of stone in the Gothic style. Other imposing edifices are the Roman Catholic Cathedral, Trinity Episcopal, and the First and Third Presbyterian. Besides the hospitals mentioned are the United States Marine, and LAKE VIEW CEMETERY, Showing stone monument and Rockefeller shaft. the Charity, the last established and managed by the Sisters of Charity. Among public institu- tions are the Workhouse for the confinement of municipal offenders, and the City Infirmary. On January i, 1900, the total debt of Cleveland, including a water debt of $2,378,000, aggregated $13,042,443. The sinking funds amounted to $1,965,994, leaving a net debt of $8,789,451. The assessed valuations in 1899 were about 35 per cent, of the actual valuation, and aggregated $145,071,985 ; the tax rate was $29.40 per $1,000. Cleveland is one of the seven major cities of America. The present population is 400,000. The exact figures may be a trifle over or under 400,000. The million mark will apparently be reached between 1920 and 1930. This conclusion IN RIVERSIDE CEMETERY. TRIPPLE HITCH. is reached from a deduction of the mathemati- cal law of growth by the “ method of least squares,” using the census figures for each decade from 1800 to 1890 as data. It is already apparent that the added data which will be furnished by the census of 1900 will show a present mathematical law of growth greater than that which has preceded. Cleveland has grown in area from an original plot in the oak woods of a mile square until it now embraces within the city limits 32 square miles. This area, however, is not all that is economically, though not politically, a part of the city. The occupied streets and the business and residence structures of Cleveland roughly mark out the four wings of a great butterfly. From tip to tip, along the lake shore, these extend about 15 miles, while back from the lake the urban growth reaches five or six miles. PEKKY’S MONUMENT, WADE PAKK, CLEVELAND, THE BOOK OF OHIO. 791 Five years will doubtless see large additions to this area in four or five directions where the municipal organism is rapidly expanding. Already there is nothing to dis- tinguish the large villages of Glenville, East Cleveland and Lakewood from the contiguous parts of the city. Numerous powerful factors cause and assure Cleveland’s greatness and steadily rapid advancement. Of these strategic location is funda- mental. The city is the most important center on the great northern trans-continental high- way of commerce and travel, next to New York and Chicago. In respect to fuel supplies it lies at the apex of the greatest and best coal field in the world, so that direct railroad lines centering in Cleveland reach abundant mining property owned and operated by the capitalists of the city. It is the point at which this fuel A PARK BOULEVARD. and the abundant and varied ores from the greatest and best iron mining regions of the world meet. The result is inevitable. Cleveland is naturally one of the leading- manufacturing and com- mercial centers of the country. Diversity of industries is thus one of the conspicuous factors of the city’s greatness. Any one of a number of great establishments which elsewhere would afford sustenance to a whole town might disappear PECK RESIDENCE. ^ u u • Site of Weddell Homestead. witliout the abseiice being more than individually felt. Hardly anything more strikingly presents to mind the security and promise of Cleveland’s future. A Chamber of Commerce study places the number of manufac- tures in Cleveland at over 2,500. A famous expert investi- gation was once instituted by an iron mill seeking a location. The result was that for cheap assembly of material and means of communication with all markets, the Cleveland district was found to afford the best location. The mill acted on the information. The cash balance with which the city treasury started on January i, 1898, from the preceding year was $1,988,- 126.37. The total receipts for that year were $7,203,256.54, and the total disbursements SECTION OF COAL DOCKS. THE BOOK OF OHIO. $6,877,217.26. The receipts were composed of these items : Gen- eral tax, $i ,902,347.75 ; liquor tax, $407,943.73 ; cigarette tax, $2,363.97: the sewer district tax, $i 58,5 14.00; special assessments, $464,418.35 ; licenses, $90,- 132.97; rents, $i 16,960.84 ; 280.10; sales, S673, 391. 12; fees, interest, $366,- $92,831.29; in- OLD NARINE HOSPITAL, LAKE STREET. vestments, $28,033.70; dona- tions, $81,039.72 ; sale of assets, $11,078.00; sale of bonds, $2,482,000.00; sale of notes, $319,960.00; deposits, $5,961.00. Social organizations have become a much more conspicu- ous part of Cleveland life in quite recent years, and some unique developments have appeared. Until lately the dignified Union Club, originating in Cleveland’s town days, stood alone in its field. An up-town offshoot is the Tavern Club, occupying the old Garfield home, and composed of younger representatives of some leading families. A young neighbor of the old Union Club is the Century Club, whose peculiarity is location at the top of the tower-like New England building, with an outlook over the harbor and lake and use of the roof. A large and new East End family organization is the Colonial Club, in which only married men are eligible to membership. Its immense white mansion on Euclid avenue is a grouping of artistic architectural gems. The Rowfant Club is a strong and dignified assembly of book-lovers. Near by in the new home of the Medical Library Association the medical societies of Cleveland are developing a pleasant and profitable club life. The Country Club and the Roadside Club have elegant places overlooking the beach east of the city. These are but a few examples of the many social organizations of the city, among them being a number distinguished by nationality. One of these is the German-American Club, which has a large new house of distinctively German design on the lake shore, d'he Excelsior Club is an example of the Jewish organiz itions. The hotel capacity of Cleveland exceeds 2,100 rooms. In this estimate are included the centrally located places which may be recommended to the stranger. The leading hotels are elegant in their appoint- ments. d'he service is the best. The capacity and rates of the best known houses are : The 1 lollenden, 450 rooms, American plan, $3 to $5, European, $i to $3 ; the Stillman, 250 rooms, American, $3 up ; Colonial, (1898) 200 rooms, American, $3 to $6, European, $1.50 up; Weddell House, 175 rooms, American, $2.50 to $4: Ameri- can House, 1 70 rooms, American, $2 and $2.50; Kennard House, 140 rooms, American, $2, $2.50, and $3 ; Eorest City House, 125 rooms, American, $2 to $3.50 ; I lotel Garlock, 125 rooms, Amer- ican, $2.50 to $5 : Lennox, 90 lakesibe hospital, THE BOOK OF OHIO. rooms, American, $2.50; Livings- ton, 71 rooms, American, %2 and ^2.50 ; Lincoln, 60 rooms, Amer- ican, $i up, European, 50c up ; Hawley House, American, $1.50 up; Frankfort, American, $1.50 and $2 ; Phoenix, American, f>i up ; Waldorf, European, 75c up; Imperial, European, 75c up ; the capacity of the last five men- tioned being about 50 rooms. Great modern buildings have arisen within the past few years at a remarkable rate, and as much of the future as can be foreseen, reveals a rapid continu- ance of the process. Of the con- spicuous steel structures of the sky-scraper class on and near the central Public Square are the American Trust, the Society for Savings, the Chamber of Com- merce, the Cuyahoga, the Gar- field and the New England buildings, the latter of fifteen stories, and the others of eight, ten and twelve stories. Elegant arcade buildings provide covered ways between Euclid Avenue and Superior Street and Euclid Avenue and Prospect Street. A cluster of modern steel buildings are arising around and near Association Place, a growing secondary down town business center, one of these a mammoth structure of ten stories. In the spring of 1899 a great sixteen story building was erected at the corner of Euclid Avenue and the Public Square, and others are being planned to be erected by private enterprise elsewhere on the Square. The preliminaries to the erection of great and noteworthy City Hall, Public Library, Federal and County edifices are now receiving attention, so that the early part of this century will see remarkable changes in the appearance of the city down town. Suburban development about Cleveland has long been vigorous, and is becoming more and more rapid. Practically one with the city itself to the eastward are the EPWORTH MEMORIAL M. E. CHURCH. Corner Prospect and Wilson. villages of Glenville and of East JEWISH TEMPLE, Corner Wilson and Central Avenue. Cleveland. Glenville is a beautiful suburb with many fine places of residence along the lake shore. The village of East Cleveland ex- tends for two and a half miles along Euclid Avenue, includino- the o summer home of John D. Rocke- feller and other elegant mansions on the ridge there just south of the avenue. Just bej’ond Glen- ville eastward, is the thriving Lake Shore village of Collin- wood, and holding the same relation to East Cleveland is Euclid village. Nottingham is a pleasant summer resting place in the same region. South Brooklyn village is separated from Cleveland on the south only by a steel viaduct across the valley of Big Creek. To the west, along the lake shore and the old lake beach, is the charm- ing village of Lakewood, prac- tically an extension of the city 794 THE BOOK OF OHIO. out Detroit Street, which occu- pies the old beach in that direc- tion as Euclid Avenue does to the eastward. Across Rocky River from Lakewood is Rocky River hamlet, where is Scenic Park and the elegant Eell’s summer place. The street cars of Cleveland run to the villages of Glenville, Collinwood, East Cleveland, Euclid, South Brook- lyn, Lakewood and Rocky River, but the interurban electric rail- roads have brought into Cleve- land residence areas, the villages of Wickliffe and Willoughby to the east, and Bedford and Berea to the south, and in some degree have brought Lorain, Elyria, Cuyahoga Falls, Akron, Chagrin Falls and Painesville into similar relation. WiLUAM A. Taylor. DKIVLWAY IN GORDON PARK. MISCELLANEOUS. Ohio organizations in the war: hirst Resfiment Volunteer Infantry, twelve companies. Colonel Chas. B. Hunt, Cin- cinnati ; Second Regiment Vol- unteer Infantry, Colonel Julius A. Kuert, Kenton ; Third Re^i- ment Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Chas. Anthony, Springfield ; Fourth Regiment Volunteer In- fantry, Colonel A. B. Coit, Columbus ; Fifth Regiment Vol- unteer Infantry, Colonel C. L. Kennan, Norwalk; Sixth d'liK Ohioan in iiik Spanisii-Amkrican War. — The part taken by Ohio men in the Spanish-American War, and its corrollary, the Philippine Insurrection, was honorable and important. And first, reflecting the highest credit to his State, was the part taken by President McKinley in this turning point in national history. General Alger, the first secretary of war in his administration, was born in Ohio, although at the time not a citizen of the State. His assistant in raising, organizing and mobilizing our armies for active service was an Ohio man, Henry C. Corbin, the adjutant- general of the army. As we were, as usual, utterly unprepared for war, the task imposed upon us was one of unpre- cedented difficulty, but all obstacles were soon overcome, and order brought out of confusion. The Ohio major generals were James F. Wade, |. Warren Keifer, Adna R. Chaffee and Thomas McArthur Anderson. The brigadier gen- erals from the State were George M. Randal, M. V. Sheridan, O. 11. hirnest and G. S. Car- penter. Generals Lawton and P'unston were born in Ohio, but entered the military service from other States. CLUB HOUSE, CLEVELAND YACHT CLUB. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 795 BOU1.EVARD IN GORDON PARK. Regiment Volunteer Infantry, Colonel William V. McMaken, Toledo ; Seventh Regiment Volunteer Infantry, Colonel A. L. Hamilton, Chillicothe ; Eighth Regiment Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Curtis V. Hard, Wooster; Ninth Battalion, four companies. Major Charles Young, Xenia; Tenth Regiment Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Henry A. Axline, Columbus; First Regi- ment Light Artillery, four batteries. Major Charles F. Atwell, Zanesville; First Regi- ment Volunteer Cavalry, eight troops. Lieutenant Colonel Mathias W. Day, Cleveland. Of these organizations, the Sixth and Eighth infantry regiments served in Cuba, and the Fourth in Porto Rico. The Sixth and Seventeenth Regular Infantry regiments were largely made up of Ohio men, as were also the Thirty-first and Forty-ninth United States Volunteers. These four regiments did efficient service, and were in many battles and minor combats. When war was declared against Spain, it fell to the lot of an Ohio officer to command the first expedition to the Philippines, and the first brigade of American troops ever sent across an ocean in a foreign war. General Anderson was at the time commanding a district in Alaska. From that distant station he was ordered to San Francisco, and started for Manila with 2,500. men on the 23d of May, 1898. Cavite, the old Spanish naval station, was occupied the next day, and became the base of future occupations. A second force under General Green followed in twenty days, and a third under General McArthur soon after. Major General Merritt came with this detachment, and assumed com- mand as senior officer and governor general. General Anderson, as second in command, landed, and organized the entire force, which was designated the Eighth Army Corps. He was subsequently in immediate command of the land forces which, with the co-opera- tion of the navy, captured Manila on the 13th of August. While he had no Ohio troops in his command, tour of his staff officers were Buckeye boys. Major Sidney A. Cleman of Zanesville, Captain C. C. Wal- CLitt of Columbus, Captain W. H. Anderson of Springfield, and Colonel William E. Birkhimer, formerly of Perry County. Before the coming of American troops, x^guinaldo had started an insurrection against Spanish authority, which spread with unprecedented rapidity. In less than two months Spanish garrisons were confined to four sea coast cities. Under these conditions the Filipino leaders expected a recognition of their de-facto government. When they found that their pretensions were ignored, and that they were SCENE IN LINCOLN PARK, SOUTH SIDE. ^lot evcn accorded belligerent THE BOOK OF OHIO. 'Ti)6 GORDON PARK. rights, they became at first sullen, and soon openly hostile. General Anderson was the first army officer to have j>ersonal interviews with Aguinaldo and his associates. As a result, he warned the government at once, that the Idlipinos were determined on absolute independence. His correspondence with Aguinaldo, communicated to Congress in the president’s message of January, 1900, developed the situation. Before the Eighth Army Corps was permitted to attack Manila, the Fifth Army Corps, under General Shafter, had landed on the Cuban coast, near Santiago. In the advance on that city the battle of El Caney was fought. Out of the four general officers present, two, Lawton and Chaffee, were Ohio men. In the attack on the San Juan hill, no Ohio troops participated, but a young Ohio officer, Lieutenant Anderson of the Thirteenth Infantry, was the first on the hill at the block house, capturing the Spanish flag and taking five prisoners. In the Porto Rico campaign the commonwealth was represented by the Fourth Ohio Infantry, under Colonel Coit. This fine regiment took a leading part in the battle of Guayama, and was actively engaged when its victorious progress was stopped by a dispatch recommending a truce. General Ernest commanded a brigade in Wilson’s THE BOOK OF OHIO. 7'J7 FROM UPPER DRIVE IN GORDON PARK. Division, and a battery of the Fourth United States Artillery, under Captain H. R. Anderson of Pickaway Count}', attached to the brigade, had just opened fire on the Spanish position at Aleneta, when a dispatch announcing the sign- ing of the protocol stopped further hostilities, but a similar dispatch did not reach the Philippines in time to prevent the capture of Manila and 13,000 prisoners. This closed the war with Spain, but the Upas tree of oppression had yet to bear its fatal fruit. After their experience of Spanish oppression, the Filipinos could not be persuaded that America intended to deal justly and generously with them. They would not accept assurances that they would be given every privilege consistent with neces- sary occupation. Aguinaldo appealed to General Anderson, who was in command of our troops in the city, to permit his soldiers to hold joint occupation with ours. This was refused, and from that time on the Filipinos made open and unremitting preparation for war. Hostilities began on February 4, 1S99. General Anderson commanded the First Divi- sion of the Eighth Corps, and fought a number of successful battles with the insurcrents o between the 4th of February and the 17th of March, when he was relieved by General Lawton. General Lawton, with his division, was soon after transferred to the north of the Pasig-, o ' and co-operated with General McArthur in WADE PARK, SHOWING PERRY’S MONUMENT. Carrying through a successful campaign in ms PASSENGER STEAMER “NORTHWEST. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 7y9 LOWER DRIVE, GORDON PARK. Northern Luzon. Transferred to Southern Luzon, he fought and won an important battle at the Zapote bridge. Always suc- cessful, he was sent again to the north, and lost his life leading his men in an unimportant combat. Recklessly brave, yet cool and self possessed, untiring himself, yet considerate of others, he was indeed a typical Ameri- can soldier. In ancient tradition, the first place in fame was given to the founders of cities. In modern history the highest honor is con- ceded to the founders of states. When in the fullness of time, a new nationality shall have been developed in the Philippine Archipelago, the name of William H. Taft, of Ohio, will be noted with those of William the Nor- man, Peter the Great, Bismark, and Cavour. Military glory echoes down the corridors of time in fainter and fainter reverberations, but the renaissance of the Orient, and the grafting of American principles on its old barbaric traditions, will be forever associated with the statesmanship of President McKinley. And when the history of this period of international adjustment is written, the part taken by the men of Ohio will be found worthy, at the least, of an honorable mention. Reminiscences of Early Days in Cleyeland. — In 1798 Rodolphus Edwards and Nathaniel Doane. with their families, settled in Cleveland. To faintly show the difficulty of traveling at that time, it is stated that Mr. Doane was 92 days on his journey from Chatham, Connecticut. In the latter part of the summer and in the fall, every person in the town was sick, either with the bilious fever or with the fever and ague. Mr. Doane’s family consisted of nine per- sons ; the only one of them having sufficient strength to take care of them and bring a pail of water was Seth Doane, then a lad of 13 years of age, and even he had daily attacks of the fever and ague. Such was the severity of the bilious fever at that time, that a person having only daily attacks of fever and ague was deemed lucky. There was much suffering from the want of food, particularly that proper for the sick. The only way this family was supplied, for two months or more, was through the exertions of this boy, who daily, after having an attack of the ague, went to Judge Kings- bury’s, in Newburg — five miles distant — got a peck of corn, mashed it in a handmill, waited until a second attack of the aorue o was over, and then started on his return. There was at one time a space of several days when he was too ill to make the trip, during which, turnips com- prised about all the vegetables the family had. Eortunately, Major Carter having only the fever and ague, was enabled through the aid of his hounds and trusty rifle, to procure abund- ance of venison and other wild game. His family being some- what acclimated, suftered less than that of Mr. Doane. Their situation can scarcely be con- ceived of at the present day. bolton avenue. sou THE BOOK OF OHIO. SCKNE IN GOKDON PAKK. Destitute of a physician, and with a tew medicines, necessity taught them to use such means as nature had placed within their reach. For calomel they substi- tuted pills from the extract of the bark of the butternut, and in lieu of quinine used dogwood and cherry bark. In November, four men who had so far recovered as to have ague attacks no oftener than once in two or three days, started in the only boat for Walnut Creek, Pennsylvania, to obtain a winter’s supply of flour for the colony. When below Euclid Creek a storm arose, drove them ashore, stove their boat in pieces, and it was with difficulty they saved their lives and regained the city. During the winter and summer following, the colony had no flour except that ground in hand or coffee mills, which, for want of proper means to separate from the bran, was made into a bread similar to that of Graham. In this summer the Connecticut Land Company opened the first road on the Reserve, which commenced about ten miles from the lake on the Pennsyl- vania line and extended to Cleveland. In January, 1799, Mr. Doane moved to Doane’s Corners, and from that time until Ajiril, 1 Soo, — a space of fifteen months — Major Carter’s was the only white family in Cleveland. During the spring of 1799, W heeler WL Whlliams, from Norwich, Connecticut, and Major W^yatt erected a small grist and a saw mill at the falls, on the site of Newburg, which being the first mill on the Reserve, spread joy among the pioneers. A short time jirior to this, each house in Cleveland had its own hand grist mill in the chimney corner, which is thus described liy one of the early settlers: “The stones were of the common grindstone grit and about four inches thick and twenty in diameter. The runner was turned by hand, with a pole set in the top of it near the verge. The upper end of the pole went into another hole inserted into a board, and nailed on the under side of the joist, immediately over the hole in the \ergeofthe runner. One person turned the stone and another fed the corn into the eye with his hands. It was very hard work to grind, and the operators alter- nately changed places. Celebrating Independence Day. — In 1800 several settlers came, among whom were David Clark and Major Amos Spafford, and from this time the town slowly progressed. The first ball in Cleveland was on the 4th of July, 1801, and was held at Major Carter’s log cabin, on the side hill ; |ohn and Benjamin W^ood and R. H. Blinn, man- agers, and Major Samuel Jones, musician and mastei of comer Erie and case Avenue, THE BOOK OF OHIO. 801 VIEW IN GORDON PARK. ceremonies. The company consisted of about thirty of both sexes. Mr. Jones’ pro- ficiency on the violin won him o-reat favor. Notwithstanding- O O the dancers had a rough puncheon floor, and no better beverage to enliven their spirits than whiskey sweetened with maple sugar, yet it is doubtful if the anniversary of American independence was ever celebrated in Cleveland by a more joyful and harmoni- ous company than those who danced the scramper-down, double-shuffle, western-swing and half-moon loi years ago in the log cabin of Major Carter. Major Carter and the Indians. — The Indians were accustomed, at this period, to meet every autumn at Cleve- land in great numbers and pile up their canoes at the mouth of the Cuyahoga. From thence they scattered into the interior, and passed the winter in hunting. In the spring they returned, disposed of their furs to traders, and, launching their bark canoes upon the lake, returned to their towns, in the region of the Sandusky and Maumee, where they remained until the succeeding autumn, to raise their crops of corn and potatoes. In this connec- tion we give an incident showing the fearlessness and intrepidity of Major Lorenzo Carter, a native of Rutland, Vermont, and a thorough pioneer, whose rough exterior covered a warm heart. Some time in the spring of 1799 the Chippewas and Ottawas, to the number of several hundred, having disposed of their furs, determined to have one of their drinking frolics at their camp, on the west bank of the Cuyahoga. As a precautionary measure, they gave up their tomahawks and other deadly weapons to their squaws to secrete, so that, in the height of their frenzy, they need not harm each other. They then sent to the Major for whiskey, from time to time, as they wanted it ; and in propor- tion as they became intoxicated, he weakened it with water. After a while it resulted in the Indians becoming partially sober from drinking freely of diluted li(}uor. Perceiving the trick, they became much enraged. Nine of them came on to the Major’s, swearing vengeance on him and family. Carter being apprised of their design, and knowing they were partially intoxicated, felt himself to be fully their match, although possessing but poor weapons ol defence. Stationing himself be- hind his cabin door with a fire poker, he successively knocked down three or four as they attempted to enter, and then, leaping over their prostrate bodies, furiously attacked those on the outside and drove them to their canoes. Soon alter a deputation of squaws came over to make peace with the Major, when, armingr himself, he fear- lessly repaired to their camp RESIDENCE OF MRS. WARREN 11. CORNING. EUCLID AVENUE. alouc aiid Settled the difficulty. 802 THE BOOK OF OHIO. A PARK BOULEVARD. Such eventually became his inlluence over the Indians that they regarded him as a magician, and many of them were made to believe that he could shoot them with a rifle and not break their skins. The first militia muster in Cuyahoga County was held on the i6th of June, 1806, at Doane’s Corners. Nathaniel Doane was captain ; Sylvanus Burke, lieutenant; and Samuel Jones, ensign, with about 50 privates. The surveying party being at Cleveland, and many strangers, this event attracted much attention. Never had so many whites been collected together in this vicinity as on this occasion. The military marched and countermarched to the lively roll of the drum of Joseph Burke, who had been drum major in the Revolution, and the soul-stirring strains of the fife of Lewis Dill. “Yankee Doodle,” “Hail Columbia,” and “ Who’s Afeared ” were among the tunes that aroused the martial spirit of many a gallant heart, as he wielded, perhaps, some ancient relic of the Revolution upon his shoulder. Early Days in Crawford County. — Crawford County was a favorite hunting ground for the Indians, and the early settlers found an abundance of game. Deer were very plenty, but for the first few years the slaughter of deer was carried on so wantonly that the more thoughtful and prudent among them saw that those animals were soon destined to osi.-- ^4 BOULEVARD IN EDGEWATER PARK, THE BOOK OF OHIO. 803 become unknown in the country, unless some means could be devised to end the useless slaughter. The Indians who camped on the small streams throughout the country killed hundreds of them for nothing but their skins, leaving the flesh for the wolves and buzzards. During the season when the fawns were young, the Indians, in order to kill as many deer as possible, were in the habit of what was called “bawling up a deer.” They imitated the bleating of a fawn in distress, when the instinct of the doe to protect her young was on the alert and paramount; and when she ran to her offspring she was shot by the Indians. In this manner large numbers of does were slaughtered. After a few years the settlers forbade the Indians coming to the neighborhood to kill deer; and on one occasion, when they dis- obeyed the command and killed a fine doe by the “bawling process,” several settlers, among whom was one of the 804 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Chilcotes, of Cranberry Township, and hhioch Baker, informed them emphatically, with a significant tap upon the ritle, that if the act was repeated the Indians doing it would be shot. This put a stop to the destruction in that direction, and the settlers were recjuested not to slaughter the animals unnecessarily. Ira Blair, on one occasion, remained in the woods for three days, killing during that time eight deer. It is related by Amos Morse, that in about 1821, Jacob Byers made a contract with Rudolphus Morse, the father of Amos, to the effect that he could kill more deer the next day than Mr. Morse could bring in. The bargain was made one evening, during a heavy fall of snow. Byers knew that the following day would be an excellent one for the hunt, so early in the morning he started out. Me had an old flint-lock rifle that had evidently seen any amount of service, as the parts were tied VIEW IN GOKUON I’AKK. his family. One day, while it was feeding near the cabin, Mr. Tyndal, who was hunting in the woods, possibly thinking it was a wild one, shot and killed it. Me also killed several others about the neighbor- hood, when the indignant owners came to the conclusion that it was preposterous to look any longer u[jon the act as a mistake. Enoch Baker became quite an expert hunter, and in 1887 was still living in Auburn Township, on the farm purchased by his father in 1826. On one occasion, when returning late at night, or rather early in the morning, from “sparking” a neighbor’s daughter, he barely escaped being devoured by wolves. He had left the cabin of his sweet- heart and was walking along through the forest, swinging his ENTRANCE TO RIVERSIDE CEMETERY. together in many places with bands of tow. But the gun proved very effective in the hands of the experienced Byers, who, during that eventful day, killed seven deer, all of which were brought in, according to agreement, by Mr. Morse, except one, which had been mortally wounded, and had been followed and killed about eight miles east of the township. The approach of darkness prevented Mr. Morse from bring- ing this animal in, and he therefore failed to live up to his part of the agreement. Fawns were often captured alive, and after a few days elapsed they would follow the members of the family around like dogs. Almost every cabin had its pet deer or fawn. Bells were hung around their necks to prevent them from getting lost in the woods. Encounter with Wolves. — Mr. Baker owned one of these pets which was prized very highly by the members of THE BOOK OF OHIO. 805 MYRON T. HERRICK’S RESIDENCE. EUCLID HEIGHTS. cane and whistling’, as boys do yet when returning on similar oc- casions, when the distant howl of a wolf was borne to his ears. The howl was repeated, and soon the woods were filled with a chorus of terrifying sounds. The boy was terribly frightened, and as he had several miles to go before reaching home, he started rapidly on the run, hoping to reach his father’s cabin before the wolves closed upon him. He ran on as swiftly as his feet would carry him, but soon the foremost wolves were seen bounding along at his right and left. He swung his club aloft and shouted, and the wolves fell back a short distance, only to again approach nearer than be- fore. But the panting boy was almost home. He struggled on, with the wolves about him, and finally ran into the clearing around his father’s cabin, when the animals fell back and were soon lost to sight in the dark forest. This was a lesson to the youth, but it did no good, for the next Sunday night he was out late again for the same reason. Catamounts. — On another occasion, William Johns, a neighbor, having lost several pigs through the agency of some wild animal that carried them off one by one on successive nights, offered Mr. Baker a dollar if he would kill the animal. Baker accordingly established himself with his dog in the cabin of fohns to watch for the animal during the night. About 12 o’clock the swine were heard squeaking, and Baker opened the door and told the eager dog to go. Away it went after some large animal, that bounded off into the woods and ran up a tree. Baker followed and saw b\' the light of the moon a catamount crouched on a large limb above his head. He fired and the animal fell to the ground dead. The death of the catamount stopped the destruction of the swine; but Baker refused to take the dollar he had earned, being satisfied with the skin of the animal. At another time, when returning from a neighbor’s, his dogs treed two catamounts. After a lively skirmish, during which he experi- enced considerable personal danger, he succeeded in killing them both. Squirrels. — The woods were filled with squirrels, which came by the hundreds into the corn fields and dug up and destroyed the growing grain. Hunts were frequently organized to rid the forests of these pests, and often on such occasions hundreds were killed and for days after the hunters’ families were provided with an abundant supply of choice meat. A hunt of this character was projected one day by a party of settlers, among whom were Thomas Cooker and Enoch Baker. When night came and the W. J. WHITE’S RESIDENCE, LAKE AVENUE. LAKE VIEW FROM GORDON PARK. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 807 RESIDENCE OF ANDREW SyUIRE, EUCLID AVENUE. hunters assembled to see who had been most successful, it was found that almost 200 squirrels had been killed. As each hunter broueht into the room the squirrels he had killed, Baker, to the astonishment of all, lugged in a larp^e catamount as the result of his day’s hunt. It was conceded by all that he had done the best day’s work. Encounters with Bears. — At another time, William Cloe, then a boy about 16 years old, called the dogs one evening, and started in search of the cows. The doo-s left his side, and he soon heard them barking furi- ously at some animal that had turned at bay. He hurried for- ward and saw them standing guard over a large hollow log, and, from their cautious move- ments, he knew they were con- fronted by an animal of which they were afraid. He stole cautiously forward from the rear, and, peering under the log, saw the huge paws of a bear. The boy was without a gun, but, determining to attack the bear at all hazards, he armed himself with a heavy club and resolutely approached the log. While the attention of the bear was diverted to the dogs, which, emboldened by the approach of the boy, had renewed the attack with great fury, he seized it by the hind leg and pulled it from the log. Before the animal could recover its feet, the boy dealt it a terrible blow across the head, repeating the act again and again, until life was extinct. When the excited boy returned home without the cows and related his adventure his story was not believed’ until the dead bear was seen. William’s brother Daniel remained one night at the cabin of a relative near West Liberty, and early the next morning, before daybreak, started for home. He was accompanied by a large bull dog, belonging to Enoch Baker, and after going a short distance, he was startled by seeing several wolves running along in the woods on either side of and behind him. He started forward, but had not gone ten paces before a pack of eleven wolves, with open mouths, bounded toward him from be- hind. A large one, the leader ol the pack, was almost upon him, when it was seized by the throat by the dog and pinned to the ground. The others fell back, giving the boy time to ascend a small iron-wood tree, and, after a short fight, the wolf escaped the hold of the dog, and together the whole pack turned and disappeared in the woods. The boy had been saved by the dog from a horrible death. One day Seth Hawks, hearing one of his hogs squeal- ing loudly in the woods about a quarter of a mile from his cabin, hastened out to see what could be the matter. A large log lay upon the ground between him and the squealing hog, and nothing could be seen by the settler until he reached the loe CHARLES F. BRUSH’S RESIDENCE. peered over. There lay his 808 THE BOOK OF OHIO. , 1 hog upon the ground, while standing over it, with their sharp teeth and claws in its flesh, were two large bears. The animals instantly perceived the in- truder and turned upon him furiously, but he ran to a small tree, and sprang into the lower branches just in time to escape the claws of the larger bear, which had swiftly pursued him. The furious animal began mak- ing desperate efforts to reach the settler. It at first endeavored to climb the tree ; but, failing in this, it retired to a short distance, and turning, ran toward the tree with the apparent attention of leap- ing into the lower branches. The terrified Mr. I lawks sat on a limb above and regarded with no little concern the efforts of the bear. He began hallooing loudly for assistance, and the bear increased its efforts to reach its enemy. It soon wore quite a path in running to the tree, and would leap high enough to seize one of the limbs in its teeth. After about half an hour Rudolphus Morse, who had been apprised by Mrs. Hawks of the dangerous situation of her husband, appeared upon the scene, where- upon the bears, whose fury had spent itself, apparently realizing that it was no longer wise to dispute against such odds about the owner- ship of the hog, shambled off through the woods as fast as their feet could carry them. | Many other interesting ancedotes of a similar nature are related by the old settlers. — From Crawford County History. MAKCUS A. HANNA’S KESIDENCE, LAKE AVENUE. RESIDENCE OF T. H. CHANDLER. Ai).\m and Andrew Poe’s Thrilling F\i'i:rii;nce wri ii i iie Indians.- — In the summer of 1782 a party of seven Wyandots made an incursion into a settlement some distance below b'ort Pitt, and several miles from the Ohio River. Here, finding an old man alone in a cabin, they killed him, packed up what plunder they could find, and commenced their retreat. Among their party was a celebrated Wyandot chief, who, in addition to his fame as a warrior and counsellor, was, as to his size and strength, a real giant. I'he news of the visit of the Indians soon spread through the neighborhood, and a party of eight good riflemen was collected, in a few hours, lor the purpose of pursuing the Indians. In this party were two brothers of the names of Adam and Andrew Poe. They were both lamousfor courage, size and activity. This little party commenced the pursuit of the Indians, with a determination, if possible, not THE BOOK OF OHIO. 809 D. Z. NORTON’S RESIDENCE, EUCLID AVENUE. to suffer them to escape, as they usually did on such occasions, by making a speedy flight to the river, crossing it, and then divid- ing into small parties to meet at a distant point in a given time. The pursuit was contin- ued the greater part of the night after the Indians had done the mischief. In the morning the party found themselves on the trail of the Indians, which led to the river. When arrived within a little distance of the river, Andrew Poe, fearing an ambus- cade, left the party, who followed directly on the trail, to creep along the brink of the river bank, under cover of the weeds and bushes, to fall on the rear of the Indians, should he find them in . ambuscade. He had not gone far before he saw the Indian rafts at the water’s edge. Not seeing any Indians, he stepped softly down the bank, with his rifle cocked. When about half-way down, he discovered the large Wyandot chief and a small Indian, within a few steps of him. They were standing with their guns cocked, and looking in the direction of our party, who by this time had gone some distance lower down the bottom. Poe took aim at the large chief, but his rifle missed Are. The Indians, hearing the snap of the gun lock, instantly turned round and discovered Poe, who being too near to retreat, dropped his gun and instantly sprang from the bank upon them, and seizing the large Indian by the cloths on his breast, and at the same time embracing the neck of the small one, threw them both down on the ground, himself being upmost. The Indian soon extricated himself, ran to the raft, got his tomahawk, and attempted to dispatch Poe, the large Indian holding him fast in his arms with all his might, the better to enable his fellow to effect his purpose. Poe, however, so well watched the motions of the Indian that when in the act of aiming his blow at his head, by a vigorous and well directed kick with one of his feet he staggered the savage and knocked the tomahawk out of his hand. This failure on the part of the small Indian was reproved by an exclamation of contempt from the large one. In a moment the Indian caught up his tomahawk again, approached more cautiously, brandishing his tomahawk, and making a number of feigned blows, in defiance and derision. Poe, however, still on his guard, averted the real blow from his head by throwing up his arm and receiving it on his wrist, in which he was severely wounded, but not so as to lose entirely the use of his hand. In this perilous moment, Poe, by a violent effort, broke loose from the Indian, snatched up one of the Indian’s guns, and shot the small Indian through the breast, as he ran up the third time to tomahawk him. The large Indian was now on his feet, and grasping Poe by a s. t. everett's residence, case and euclid avenue. THE BOOK OF OHIO. X|() shoulder and leg, threw him down on the bank. Poe instantly disengaged himself and got on his feet. The Indian then seized him again and a new struggle ensued, which, owing to the slippery state of the bank, ended in the fall of both combatants into the water. In this situation, it was the object of each to drown the other. Their efforts to effect their purpose were continued for some time with alternate suc- cess, sometimes one being under the water, and sometimes the other. Poe at length seized the tuft of hair on the scalp of the Indian, with which he held his head under the water until he supposed him drowned. Relaxing his hold too soon, Poe instantly found his gigantic antagonist on his feet again and ready for another combat. In this, they were carried into the water beyond their depth. In this situation they were compelled to loose their hold on each other and swim for mutual safety. Both sought the shore to seize a gun and end the contest with bullets. The Indian being the best swimmer, reached the land first. Poe, seeing this, immediately turned back into the water, to escape, if possible, being shot, by diving. Fortunately, the Indian caught up the rifle with which Poe had killed the other warrior. W. U. RICE’S RESIDENCE, EUCLID HEIOIITS. At this juncture Adam Poe, missing his brother from the party, and supposing, from the report of the gun which he shot, that he was either killed or engaged in conflict with the Indians, hastened to the spot. On seeing him, Andrew called out to him to “kill the big Indian on shore.” But Adam’s gun, like that of the Indian’s, was empty. The contest was now between the white man and the Indian, who should load and fire first. Very fortunately for Poe, the Indian, in loading, drew the ramrod from the thimbles of the stock of the gun with so much violence, that it slipped out of his hand and fell a little distance from him ; he quickly caught it up, and rammed down his bullet. This little delay gave Poe the advantage. He shot the Indian as he was raising his gun to take aim at him. As soon as Adam had shot the Indian, he jumped into the river to assist his wounded brother ashore ; but Andrew, thinking more of the honor of carrying the big Indian home, as a trophy of victory, than of his own safety, urged Adam to go back and prevent the struggling savage from rolling into the river and escaping. Adam’s solicitude for the life of his brother prevented him from complying with this request. In the mean time the Indian, jealous of the honor of his scalp, even in the agonies of death, succeeded in reaching the river and getting into the current, so that his body was never obtained. An unfortunate occurrence took place during this conflict, just as Adam arrived at the top of the bank, for the relief of his brother, one of the party who had followed close behind him, seeing Andrew in the river, and mistaking him for a wounded Indian, shot at him and wounded him in the shoulder. He, however, recovered from his wounds. RESIDENCE OF WILLIAM CHISHOLM, EUCLID AVENUE. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 811 During the contest be- tween xA.ndrew Poe and the Indians, the party had overtaken the remaining six of them. A desperate conflict ensued, in which five of the Indians were killed. Our loss was three men killed, and Andrew Poe severely wounded. Thus ended this Spartan conflict, with the loss of three valient men on our part, and with that of the whole of the Indian party, with the exception of one warrior. Never, on any occasion, was there a greater display of desperate bravery, and seldom did a conflict take place which, in the issue, proved fatal to so great a proportion of those engaged in it. The fatal issue of this little campaign on the side of the Indians, occasioned an universal mourning among the Wyandot nation. The big Indian, and his four brothers, all of whom were killed at the same place, were among the most distinguished chiefs and warriors of their nation. The big Indian was magnanimous, as well as brave. He, more than any other individual, contributed by his example and influence to the good character of the Wyandots, for lenity towards their prisoners. He would not suffer them to be killed or ill treated. This mercy to captives was an honorable distinction in the character of the Wyandots, and was well understood by our first settlers, who, in case of captivity, thought it a fortunate circumstance to fall into their hands. — -From Doddridge’s Notes. The Great Seal of Ohio. — The first legislature, after Ohio became a state, provided by law for a great seal. The act was passed March 25, 1803. It provided for the design as follows; “ On the right side, near the bottom, a sheaf of wheat, and on the left a bundle of seventeen arrows, both standing erect ; in the background, and rising above the sheaf and arrows, a mountain, over which shall appear a rising sun. The state seal to be surrounded by these words : ‘ The great seal of the State of Ohio.’ ” JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER’S SUBURBAN RESIDENCE, EAST CLEVELAND, The engraver who cut the seal departed slightly trom the letter of the law. In place of a mountain he made three ; and he also placed a river flowing along the base of the range. The state capital was then Chillicothe, and it is a local tradition there that he used the outline of Mount Logan, which stands east of the city, for the central peak, and represented the Scioto River, which washes the base of the hill. This story is very probably correct. JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER’S CITY RESIDENCE, EUCLID AVENUE. This remained the legal design of the o o state seal until 1866. Some one, who realized what a nice job it would be to replace all the seal presses used for county, judicial, notarial and other official seals, with new dies, suc- ceeded in getting the design changed. The act of April 6, 1866, provided as follows: “The coat-of-arms of the State of Ohio shall consist of the following device: A shield, upon which shall be engraved on the left in the foreground, a bundle of seventeen arrows ; to the right of the arrows, a sheaf of wheat, both standing erect ; in the background, and rising above the sheaf and arrows, a range of mountains, over which shall appear a rising sun : between the base of the mountains and 812 THE BOOK OF OHIO. the arrows and the sheaf, in the left foreground, a river shall be repre- sented flowing toward the right foreground. * * * At the bottom of the shield there shall be a motto, in these words : “ Im- perium in imperio.” It will be seen that the design really followed the old Chil- licothe engraver’s idea, in the points in which he did not follow exactly the law of 1803. The only really new thing was the addition of the motto. When its meaning — “ An empire within an empire” — was fully understood, there was a great deal of objection. It savored of the old southern state rights doctrine, which was one of the dogmas settled adversely by the Civil War, then just over. The next General Assembly got rid of the motto by the act of May 9, 1868, which says: “That the coat-of-arms of the State of Ohio shall consist of the following device : A shield, in form of a circle. On it, in the foreground, on the right, a sheaf of wheat ; on the left a bundle of seventeen arrows, both standing erect ; in the background, and rising above the sheaf and arrows, a mountain range, over which shall appear a rising sun.” This simply restored the original design of 1803, except that it used the phrase “a range of mountains” instead of “a moun- tain.” In engraving the seal, how- ever, the river was left in, although not mentioned in the act, as will be seen by the cut. Ohio was the seventeenth state admitted to the Union, there- fore the bundle of seventeen arrows typifies the American Union ; the sheaf of wheat is symbolic of agri- culture, the State’s original and still most important industry. The rising sun is an allusion to the advance of the State in wealth and power. The mountains are an allusion to the fact that this was the first state west of “ the moun- tains ” — that is, the Alleghanies. Though not authorized, the river is altogether appropriate, it referr- ing to the Ohio River, from which the State was named. — By S. S. Knabenshue. SCENE NEAR COSHOCTON ON WALHONDING RIVER. In lower right hand corner Toledo, Walhondlng Valley & Ohio Railway track, then Walhonding Canal, tow path, lower basin on Ohio Canal; at right, lock tender’s house, aqueduct over Walhonding River, and upper basin on the Ohio Canal at the left. MOUNT ADAMS FROM NEWPORT, KENTUCKY CHAPTER XXI. THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. CIENTISTS and speculative philosophers hold to the opinion that many thousands of years a /I CHESAPEAKE & OHIO RAILROAD BRIDGE, CROSSING THE OHIO RIVER. On the iith of January, I 794, trade was opened between Cincinnati and Pittsburo^, two keel boats making the round trip once every four weeks. The boats were wooden-armored and protected from musket, ritle and low lire, and armed with six one- pounders and a complement of muskets. In iSoi, the first sea- going vessel, built at Marietta, 100 tons displacement, passed down the Ohio to the Gulf of Mexico, and the whole popula- tion lined the banks of the river THE BOOK OF OHIO. 8l^8 CAKEW BUILDING, FIFTH AND VINE STREETS. commercially and otherwise, except in a municipal sense, a part to witness the remarkable sight. Flat and keel boats soon became numerous on the Ohio, and the steamboat made its appearance in due time, and Cincinnati be- came the center of the steamboat trade, and from its wharves craft carried millions of dollars worth of cargoes up and down the river and tens of thousands of pas- sengers. The great coal fleets of the upper waters arrive at or pass the city at almost every stage of water. In I So I the Territorial legislature removed the seat of o government from Chillicothe to Cincinnati, and in 1802 it incor- porated the town, and the follow- ing officers were appointed : David Zeigler, president ; Jacob Barnet, recorder ; William Ram- sey, David E. Wade and William Ruffner, trustees ; Abram Cary, collector, and James Smith, town marshal. The population was then 750; in 1810 it was 2,540, and in 1819, when it was incor- porated as the first city in the State, the population was about 6,500. From that time on its growth was steady, and it re- mained the first city in popula- tion until 1900, when Cleveland took the lead with nearly 400,000 inhabitants. But including the suburban towns, which are of Cincinnati, it has a population fully 500,000. I'he Chamber of Commerce of Cin- cinnati was incorporated by the act of the General Assembly March 23, 1850, as follows : Section i. — Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, that Nicholas W. Thomas, Dunning M. Foster, Henry Emerson, William B. Cassilly, Joseph Torrence, S. P. Hall, George Beck, George Milne and Richard Smith, and their associ- ates, be, and they are hereby created a body corporate and politic, with perpetual succes- sion, by the name and style of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce and Merchants’ PCxchange ; and by that name shall be com- petent to contract and be contracted with, to sue and be sued, to plead and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto, defend and be defended, in all courts and places and in all matters whatever, with full powers to acquire, hold, possess, use, occupy, and enjoy, by gift, grant, devise, or otherwise, and the CHILDREN’S HOME- THE BOOK OF OHIO. 829 same to sell, convey and dispose of, all such real estate and other property, as may be necessary and convenient for the support and transaction of business of said Chamber of Commerce, or which may be conveyed to the same for the security or in payment of any debts which may become due and owing- to said Chamber of Commerce, or in satisfaction of any judgment at law, or any decree of a court of equity in its favor, and may make, have, and use a common seal, and the same break, alter and renew at pleasure, provided that the property, funds, and revenues of said Chamber of Commerce shall not be used for any other than the purposes of a Chamber of Commerce. Section 2. — That the real and personal estate, property, funds, revenues, and other con- cerns of said Chamber of Commerce, and the administration of its affairs, shall be under the exclusive direction of the active members of said Chamber of Commerce, who shall, on the second Tuesday of September, annually, at such time of the day and at such place in the City of Cincin- nati as the officers for the time being shall appoint, which officers shall be members of said Chamber of Commerce, choose a board of officers consist- ing of a president, six vice-presidents, treasurer and secretary, who shall hold their offices for one year and until their successors shall be chosen. The members of said Chamber of Commerce shall fill all vacancies in the Board of Officers during the year, and also shall have power to make by-laws and regulations for the government of said Chamber of Commerce, annex reasonable pecuniary fines as a penalty for the breach thereof, and do all such other acts as appertain LOMBARDY BUILDING, Fovirth Street, .Between Plum and Central Avenue. to the Chamber of Commerce. The Board of Officers shall appoint a superintendent and such other agents as the}- shall deem fit and expedient, provided no by-laws, rules, or regulations shall in any wise be contrary to the Constitution and laws of the State or of the United States. Section 3. — This act shall be taken and received in all courts, and by all judges, magis- trates, and other public officers, as a public act, and all printed copies of the same, which shall be printed by or under the authority of the General Assem- bly, shall be admitted as good evidence thereof, without any other proof whatever. Benjamin F. Leitek, Speaker of the House of Repre- sentatives. Charles C. Conners, Speaker of the Senate. March 23, 1850. GLOBE WERNICKE FACTORIES AT NORWOOD. CANAL SCENE AT LOCK LAND, THE BOOK OF OHIO. 831 Secretary of State’s Office, Col.u^[^us, Ohio, October ii, 1853. I, William Trevitt, Secretary of State of the State of Ohio, do hereby certify that the fore- going annexed act is correctly copied from the original rolls remaining on file in this office. In Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name and affixed the great seal of the State of Ohio, this eleventh day of October, A. D. 1853. WiLUAM TrEVU'T, Secretary of State. On the third day of April, 1866, the legis- lature of the State of Ohio enacted a law, entitled “An Act to Authorize the Incorporation of Boards of Trade and Chambers of Commerce, the eleventh section of which reads as follows : “Any board of trade or chamber of com- merce, heretofore organized in the State, may avail itself of the privileges and powers, in whole or in part, conferred by this act, by making a certificate of its adoption thereof, under its seal, and attested by the signature of the president and secretary ; which said certificate shall be filed in the office of the Secretary of State, and recorded in the county where such board or chamber may exist, and when so recorded, shall confer all the privileges and powers so defined.” In accordance with the foregoing section, the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce and Mer- chant’s Exchange, on the 21st day of May, 1866, adopted the sixth, (6) seventh, (7) eighth, (8) and ninth (9) sections of the said act, which thus became a part of the corporate powers of the Association. The sections of the law were as follows ; Section 6. — It shall be lawful for such cor- poration, when they shall think proper, to receive and require of from their officers, whether elected or appointed, good and sufficient bonds for the faithful discharge of their duties and trusts ; and the president, vice-president, or secretary, are hereby authorized to administer, such oaths of MIAMI BUILDING. CHAPEL AT SPRING GROVE. office as may be prescribed in the by-laws ol such corpora- tion ; such bond or bonds shall be made payable and condi- tioned as prescribed by the by-laws of such corporation ; and may be sued, and the moneys collected and held for the use of the party injured, or such other use as may be determined upon by said corporation. Section 7. — The annual meeting of such boards of trade or chambers of commerce for the election of officers and other purposes, shall be held at such time in each year as the association shall by their by-laws prescribe. But, if for any cause, a failure to hold such annual meeting shall occur, then the annual meeting and election of officers may be held at such time and place as may be appointed by the majority of the board of directors, upon thirty days’ notice by the president or secretary being published in any news- paper of general circulation in the town or city in which such corporation may be located. Meetings of the directors and H32 THE BOOK OF OHIO. uii III m iininiiiii iii riniffri !! business meetings of such association shall be held in accordance with the by-laws of such association. Section 8. — The board of directors shall control, manage, and conduct the financial and business concerns of the asso- ciation. They shall annually, one month after their election, or at any other meeting of their body thereafter, appoint such in- spectors, gaugers, weighers, measurers, and other officers and employes as the by-laws may require, or as they may deem expedi- ent and necessary, for the term of one year, subject to removal at the discretion of the board. Section 9. — Every inspector, gauger, weigher or measurer, appointed by any asso- ciation organized under this act, shall be recognized as a legally appointed officer, for the duties pertaining to his position, in the city and county, wherein such association may be located, and shall be subject to all the provisions and penalties of the laws of the State. The certificate of such appointee, as to his official acts, shall be evidence and binding upon the person interested. This Chamber of Commerce is, and has been the great promoting body and the main spring of Cincinnati’s business success. It has a membership of nearly 1,500, its annual receipts are about ^75,000 and its disbursements about $68,000. It owns the Chamber of Commerce building, which cost $/’/^,ooo, and against which there is an out- standing indebtedness of something over $100,000. With reference to other points, Cin- cinnati is 1 16 miles southwest of Columbus 120 miles southeast of Indianapolis, Indiana 90 miles northwest of Lexington, Kentucky 445 miles below Pittsburg, following the course of the Ohio River; 132 miles above Louisville, Kentucky; 494 miles above the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers; 1,447 iTifies above New Orleans, following the course of the rivers ; 518 miles west of Baltimore, following the post route; 617 miles west and south of Philadelphia ; 950 miles from New York ; 255 miles southwest of Cleveland ; 246 miles south of Toledo ; 300 miles south of Detroit ; 315 miles southeast of Chicago ; 492 miles west of Washington. It lies on the north bank of the Ohio River and extends Irom the mouth of the Little to the mouth of the Great Miami, a distance of 12 miles, and extends back over three miles to and Including the beautiful highlands famed for their magnificent scenery and the seats of wealth. It is built up in the style of modern architecture, with many small and beautiful squares, some of them orna- mented with works of art, the gifts of prominent citizens. Its parks. Zoological Garden, and near-by pleasure resorts add to its attractiveness. Its public buildings are among the handsomest, and upon a liberal scale; its business houses are of an imposing character, and its residences are beautiful and tasteful. There are more than 100 churches, including all the denominations. A score of educational institutions, with collegiate courses, including science and literature, both denominational and non-sectarian, are largely patronized. The public and private schools exceed 100 in number, and its market places and theatres and the like, are also on an ample scale. The are almost a score of public and society libraries, including the city library, one of the most complete in the Ohio valley. It has long been celebrated as the seat of musical culture and the fine arts. The Government Building UNION SAVINGS AND TNUST BUILDING. Fourth and Walnut Streets THE BOOK OF OHIO. 833 was erected at a cost of $5,000,000. The Music Hall will accommodate over 8,500 people. Cin- cinnati has held a high rank for over 50 years as the center of the printing, publishing and lithograph- inof business. Its tax valu- ations run up to $200,- 000,000 or beyond. Much of the early and the progressive his- tory of Cincinnati is embodied in the acts of its more prominent citi- zens. The achievements of many of these are more elaborately recorded else- where. Others may be mentioned more briedy. Nicholas Lono-. o worth, the founder of grape culture and the wine industry at Cincin- nati, was born in New Jersey in 1878, came to Cincinnati in 1803, where he lived for 60 years, dying in 1863, and leav- ing an estate valued at several million of dollars, — the result of business application and invest- ment in real estate. He owned and cultivated ex- tensive vineyards. For a time the culture of grapes was successful, but owino- o to climatic changes, it was not as successful as he anticipated, and he meas- urably abandoned it. John H. Piatt was among the most enter- prising and successful of the city’s earlier business men. In 181 7 he founded one of the first banks west of the Allegheny Mountains. During the War of 1812 he contracted with the United States government to furnish supplies to the Army of the Northwest, and owing to fluctuations in the currency, met with terrible reverses and finally died a bankrupt before the Supreme Court adjusted his claims and allowed them. He was the warm and intimate friend of General Harrison, whose last public speech in Cincinnati was a glowing eulogy of Mr. Piatt. Jacob Wykoff Piatt, a nephew of the above, was born in Kentucky in 1801, came to Cincinnati early in life and became one of its leading lawyers and public spirited citizens. Miles Greenwood, another of Cincinnati’s most prominent citizens and up-builders, was born in Jersey Cit)’, New Jersey, March 19, 1807, and died in Cincinnati in 1885. started iron founding in the city, and engaged in many other important business enterprises, and was no less noted for his discerning philanthropies. He built the first steam fire engine that was ever put into service, and was mainly instrumental in organizing a modern fire department for the city. Dr. Daniel Drake came to Cincinnati when he was 16 years of age, and not only became one of the most prominent and useful citizens, but was the leader of thought and mental culture, and founded its most noted colleges ODD FELLOWS’ TEMPLE. 834 THE TOOK OF OHIO. THE MABEEY cV CAREW COMPANY, FIFTH AND VINE STREETS. and hospitals. He was born in Plainfield, New Jersey, in 1785, and died in Cincinnati in 1852. General Edward King, an eminent lawyer, was closely identified with the growth and progress of the city; was a leading member of the legislature, and was a man of high attainments. He was the son of Rufus Kinof, the renowned statesman of Massachusetts, and the father of Rufus King, a distinguished Cincinnati attorney. He died in 1836. His widow married Mr. Peter, the British consul at Philadelphia. She was one of the founders of the Cincinnati Orphan Asylum, and the “ Rosina Home for Magdalens.” She de- voted much attention to works of design, and carried with her from Cincinnati to Philadelphia the germ of thought which ultimated in the School of Desio'n in the latter city. Dr. Lyman Beecher with his family, Henry Ward Beecher, Harriet P>eecher Stowe, resided on Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, for 20 years, from 1832 to 1852. Levi Coffin, the reputed ])resident (h the Underground Railroad, an intense Abolitionist, was born in North Carolina, October 28, 1798. He located in Wayne County, Indiana, in 1826 and at Cincinnati in 1847. He and his wife Catharine took an active part in the liberation of African slaves. He died in 1877. Charles Cist, an author of hip-h attainments, was born in O Philadelphia in 1793, came to Cincinnati in 1827, and died therein 1868. He was a brilliant and versatile writer, and for many years conducted “ Cist’s Weekly Advertiser.” General Henry M. Cist, a prominent lawyer and a gallant officer in the Civil War, was a OHIO NATIONAL GUARD ARMORY. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 835 son of the foregoing and was born in 1839. Bellamy Storer served a single term in Congress, having been elected in 1834 to the Twenty-fourth Congress from the First District, Hamilton County. He was a man of great ability and profound learning, and pos- sessed of a most liberal and progressive spirit, but he had no taste for political or official life outside of the judiciary, for which he was specially fitted. He was born in Portland, Maine, March 26, 1 796, graduated from Dartmouth Col- lege, located at Cincinnati in 1818, where he began the practice of the law. He served as superior judge of Cin- cinnati from 1854 to 1872, when he retired from the bench and resumed the practice of the law with his son, Bellamy Storer, Jr., and died June i, 1875. One of the commanding figures of the bar of Ohio durino- the first third of a century of its existence was William Key Bond of Ross County, who later in life became one oi the moving spirits in the railway development of the State. His law practice extended beyond the courts of Ohio, and he was for years consulted in many of the greatest cases that came before the United States Supreme and District Courts'. Politics was rather a side issue and a divertise- ment with him. He entered the Twenty-fourth Congress in 1835, having been elected at embracing Ross, Jackson, Pike, Scioto and Fayette Counties THE JOHN SHILLITO COMPANY. Shillito Place and Race and Seventh Streets. the October election, 1S34, from the Seventh District, In 1 836 he was elected to the Twenty-fifth Congress, and to the Twenty-sixth in 1838 from the same district. He was born in St. Mary’s County, Maryland, in 1792. He came to Chillicothe in 1812, where he completed his law studies and was admitted to the practice. He died in Cin- cinnati, Februar\' 17, 1864. fie removed from Chillicothe to Cin- cinnati in 1844, and he became interested in railwa\’ develop- ment. He was collector of the port ot Cincinnati from 1850 to ^853. by appointment of Presi- dent Millard Fillmore. James W. Gazlay was elected to the Eighteenth Con- o gress in 1822 from the First District, composed of Hamilton and Clermont Counties, and served a single term. He was born in Greene County, New York, in 1800. In 1822 he removed to Cincinnati and edited the “Independent Press" fora CITY HOSPITAL. 83H THE BOOK OF OHIO. few years. For several years he was engaged in the printing business, and by judicious investment in real estate accumulated a competence. Alexander Duncan represented Hamilton County in the House in the Twenty-seventh and Thir- tieth General Assemblies, 1828-1829 and 1831-1832, and was a member of the State Senate from 1832 to 1834. He was elected to the Twenty-fifth Congress in 1836 from the First Dis- trict, Hamilton County, and re-elected to the Twenty- sixth in 1838, and the Twenty-seventh in 1842. During his three terms in Cono-ress Mr. Duncan was o an industrious and painstak- ing legislator, fie was born in 1788, and died March 22, 1852. Nathaniel G. Pendle- ton was the son of a promi- nent Revolutionary officer on the staff of General Nathaniel Greene, and was named in honor of that dis- tinguished Revolutionary hero. Ihilike his distinguished son, George Hunt Pendleton, he was not given to politics. He served a single term in Congress, being elected to the Twenty-seventh in 1840, from the First District, Hamilton County. He was born in vSavannah, Georgia, (his father. Colonel Pendleton, being a Virginian,) August 24, 1793, and emigrated to Ohio when a young man, locating in Cincinnati, where he died June 15, 1861. Rev. |ohn A. Gurley of Cincinnati, was twice honored by his constituents as a congressman. He was elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress in 1858 from the Second District, a part of Hamilton County, and re-elected from the same district in i860 to the d'hirty-seventh. Fie was a gentleman of considerable prominence at his home, lie was born in East Hartford, Connecticut, Decem- ber 9, 1813, and died August 19, 1863, at Cincinnati, where he was editor of “ The Western Star,” a religious paper. The Carey sisters, Alice and Phoebe, the two poetic geniuses, lived the larger part of their early lives in the suburbs of the city, and then went to New ^ ork, where they achieved deserved fame. George Hoadly, one of Ohio’s distinguished governors, came to Cincinnati in 1849, where he achieved great distinction as a lawyer. He was suc- cessively city solicitor, judge of the Superior Court and governor of the State. He subsequently removed to the City of New York. Dr. John A. Warder was born in Philadelphia and came to Cincinnati, where he achieved great dis- tinction as a scientist. He was a controlling factor in the scientific and technical schools of the city. clifton avenue, clifton. TYLER-DAVIDSON FOUNTAIN. THE BOOK OF OHIO. Robert Clarke, the author and pub- lisher, was born in Dumfieshire, Scotland, May I, 1829, and came to Cincinnati in 1840, and was educated at Woodward College, and engaged in the occupation of publisher and bookseller. He is the author of several valu- able historical works, and ably edited many others. Charles Francis Hall, the Arctic explorer, was born in Rochester, New Hampshire, in 1821, where he learned the blacksmith trade, and came to Cincinnati where he engaged in the business of seal engravings. He led an unsuccessful expedition into the Arctic regions in search of Sir John Franklin and his party. Lady Franklin came to Cincinnati to visit Mr. Hall. Benjamin Eggleston was born in Corinth, Portage County, New York, January 3, 1816, and located in Cincinnati when a young man, where he became a prominent and useful citizen, and a man of public spirit and enterprise. He was elected to the senate of the Fifty-fifth General Assembly in 1861 from the First Senatorial District ; re-elected to the Fifty-sixth in 1863, and to the Sixty- fourth in 1879. In 1864 he was elected from the First District, a part of Hamilton County, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, and was re-elected from the same district in 1866 to the Fortieth. In Congress he was recognized as WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON MONUMENT. CINCINNATI, HAMILTON & DAYTON RAILROAD DEPOT. HUGHES HIGH SCHOOL. VIEW OF OHIO RIVER AT TRAUTMAN STATION. 1 HE BOOK OF OHIO. a man of marked ability, and headed the committees on commerce and expenditures of the postoffice. He was originally a Whig, and became a leader of the Republican party. Alphonso Taft, the great jurist, states- man and cabinet minister, was born in Town- send, Vermont, November 5, 1810, and died in Cincinnati, May 21, 1891. He came to the city at the age of 30, and was one of its fore- most citizens. Job E. Stevenson, who, for many years, was a leadingr citizen of Chillicothe, was a member of the State Senate in the Fifty-fifth General Assembly from the First Senatorial District, Hamilton County. He was originally a Democrat, but became an active an influ- ential Republican. He was elected to the Forty-first Congress in 1868 from the Second District, a part of Hamilton County, and was elected to the Forty-second from the same STAIRWAY IX ART MUSEUM. FOURTH AND WALNUT, LOOKING SOUTH. district in 1870. On the floor of Congress and in the committee room he was a valuable and industrious member. He was born in Ross County, February 10, 1831. Captain Peter W. Strader was largely connected with the steamboat interests of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers during the noon- day of steamboating, and went to Congress rather as a diversion. He was unexpectedly nominated and elected to the Forty-first Con- gress by the Democrats of the First District, a part of Hamilton County, in 1868. He tried to decline, but his Iriends would not permit. The district had elected Benjamin Eggleston, Republican, two years previously, by a large majority, and in view of the fact that he was not likely to be taken away from his steamboat business, he concluded to make the race. He was called on by friends and opponents alike to make a speech in answer to Mr. Eggleston’s speaking campaign. Not being an orator or even a public speaker, he appealed to a friend to prepare a speech for him, which he memorized and delivered in excellent style before select audiences of his friends and associates. A few nights before the election he was billed to speak from the esplanade of the Burnet House, and the streets were packed for squares to listen to him. When he faced the assemblage his stage fright was so great that he forgot every sentence of his speech. x\fter a few stammering attempts to begin its delivery, he managed to say, in a voice that could be heard for a quarter of a mile: “Gentlemen and bellow Citizens. — Never mind the weather so the wind don’t blow.” This fragment of a steamboat sono- O was the only thing he could think of, and, having delivered it, he sat down smilingly, amid the howls of the multitude. The opposition papers reproduced his “speech” scores of times the next morning, in all kinds of type, in ridicule of the captain. The RESIDExXCE OF WILLIAM BODEMER, CLIFTON. 840 THE BOOK OF OHIO. “ crowd,” however, took the speech as premeditated on Strader’s part as an all sufficient answer to his opponent’s elaborate arguments, and he grew rapidly in favor. When the ballots were counted, to his opponent’s surprise, and perhaps his own, he was elected by an immense majority. One term in Congress sufficed. He resumed his station on the quarter-deck, where he was entirely at home. He was born in Warren, New Jersey, November 6, i8i8. Aaron Fyfe Perry was a lawyer, editor, and a writer of marked ability. He was born in Leicester, Vermont, lanuary i, 1S15, and died in Cincinnati near the age of 70. His early education was received in the public schools of his native state. For a time he edited a newspaper and read law. Later he graduated from the law department of Yale, and was admitted to the bar in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1839. I le migrated to Columbus, where he began the practice of his pro- fession, in which he proved eminently successful. He was associated in the practice with both Governor William Denni- son and General H. B. Carring- ton. He then removed to Cincinnati, where he became associated with Alphonso Taft, afterward attorney general of the United States. In 1847-1848 he repre- sented Franklin and Madison Counties in the Lower House of the Forty-sixth General Assem- bly. In 1870 he was elected to the Forty-second Congress, as a Republican, from the First I)is- STKEET CAK SHOPS, sPKiNG. GROVE AVENUE. trict, a part of Hamilton County, SUSPENSION BRIDGE . -1-^- • ■' • THE BOOK OF OHIO. 841 and resigned the position in 1872, and was succeeded by Ozro J. Dodds, Democrat. Mr. Perry’s fame rests upon his great ability as a lawyer. For a long series of years he practiced in the Supreme Court of the United States, and was leading counsel in many of the cases growing out of the questions of the Civil War. He was a magazine writer of force and ability on public questions. In politics he was originally a Whig, but became identified with the Republican party upon its organization, and became an influential political leader. Isaac M. Jordan of Clifton, a suburb of Cincinnati, was born in Union County, Pennsylvania, May 5, 1835, and lost his life in an accident in Cin- cinnati when near the age of 56. He attended school in North- wood, Ohio, completed his edu- cation and graduated from Miami University in July, 1857. He was admitted to the bar in 1858, and was esteemed one of the ablest members of the Cincinnati bar during his time. He was never a candidate nor elected to any public office, except as a member of Congress, being elected in 1882 to the Forty- eighth Congress from the Second District, a part of Hamilton County, as a Democrat. He served a single term, and then resumed the practice of law. Reuben Runyan Springer was born in Frankfort, Kentucky, November t 6, 1800, and after coming to Cincinnati, was con- nected with the steamboat inter- ests for some years. He then became a partner in a wholesale A GLIMPSE OF A CIXCIXNATI HILLSIDE. Brighton and Fairview Heiglits. 842 THE TOOK OF OHIO. OBSEKVATOKY, MOUNT LOOKOUT. grocery house, in which he accu- mulated a fortune and retired from business in 1840 because of impaired health, lie died in 1884, leaving a fortune of $3,000,000, leaving a large por- tion to public benefices and for educational purposes. M e brought many fine works of art from Europe, which may be seen in the institution he helped to found. David Sinton, a native of xA.rmaghe, Ireland, was also one of the public benefactors of Cincin- nati, as well as a successful busi- ness man. His life in business was mainly in the iron produc- tion. Cincinnati was the first village and the first city incorpor- ated in the State, the dates being 1 802 and 1819, respectively, and for 100 years it held the first rank in official population, but in 1900 it took second rank. Its population in 1800, and at the close of each decennial |)eriod following, has been: 1800, 750: 1810, 2,540: 1820, 9,602 ; 1830, 24,831 ; 1840, 46,388 ; 1850, 91,460; i860, 115,652; 1870, 211,176: 1880, 255,139; 1890, 296,908; 1900,325,902. The immediately adjoining cities and towns, in Kentucky and Ohio, which are a part of the metropolitan district, have from 175,000 to 200,000 population. In [)oint of diversified manufactures, commerce and financial operations, it is still the leading city in Ohio, and within the Ohio Valley proper. The annexed figures indicates the extent of its average annual business transactions. In the rise of commercial activity, beginning with 1899, city and vicinity of Cincinnati shared well. As a manufacturing city of special prominence there was a further gain of 10 per cent, over the high record of the preceding year in value of output of local industrial establishments. In proportion to population Cincinnati turns out more in \ ahie of manufactures than any other city of prominence in the country. The aggregate for 1899 is $300,000,000 com- [lared with $270,000,000 for 1898, and an annual average of $240,000,000 for five years prior to 1899. Large increases in business operations attended many lines of merchandising. Bank exchanges at Cin- . cinnati increased about 16 per cent, in comparison with the pre- ceding year with a total of $748,- 490,000, against $646,154,000 for 1898. Compared with the annual average for five years prior to 1899 the increase was 19 per cent. The local business in grain did not reflect much change in comparison with the preced- ing year, but the thorough move- ment at this point was much reduced. Flour receipts were greater than for any previous year, with the exception of the high record of 1898. Hay receipts fell below the high record of the preceding year, under a shortage of this crop in the region closely tributary to this market, but the total was in excess of the annual average for sanitarium, college hill. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 843 live years prior to 1899. Grass .seed receipts fell short of the high record of 1898, but exceeded the annual average for five years prior to 1899. Shipments of meats were larger than for any previous year, showing 168,000,000 pounds, against 154,000,000 for 1898, and an annual average of 115,000,000 for five years prior to 1899. Total live stock receipts were reduced about 7 per cent., com- pared with 1899, and 10 per cent, compared with the average for five years. Pig iron receipts at Cincinnati, with sales of local dealers for direct shipment, repre- sented a quantity of 60 per cent, in excess of 1898; value, $29,850,000, against $11,875,000 for 1898. Cincinnati houses do more business in this product than is done in any other market in the country. Coal receipts were rr V r r 'fm , • •|r . ... -1!^ F. B. WIBORG RESIDENCE, Clifton Avenue. moderately reduced, under Interference from low water in the river for several months. Petroleum receipts were reduced 14 per cent., but the business ol local concerns in direct sales were decidedly enlarged, so that the aggre- gate was considerably in excess ot 189S, and much larcfer than the average for five years. Receipts of leather increased 27 per cent., and the local manufacture was enlarged about 20 per cent. The local production ot sjurits was reduced to a small extent, but the quantity represented by receipts and production indi- cated a gain over 1898 as also over the aver- age for five years, having an approximate valuation of $28,014,000. The local manu- facture of malt liquors was reduced 5JT per cent. The receipts of leaf tobacco were HAMILTON COUNTY COURT HOUSE. decidedly increased, but were not equal to the average tor ten years; aggregate valuation about $9,000,000. Sales of clothing increased 9 per cent.; of dry goods, 13 per cent.; of boots and shoes, ii per cent.; ot carriages, 8 per cent.; of furniture, 10 per cent.; of lumber, 50 per cent.; of wool, 54 percent.; of groceries, a slight increase; of soap, 30 per cent.; of machinery, 25 per cent.; of harness and saddlery, 20 per cent. The approximate value of commodities received at Cincinnati during 1899, covered by records of the Chamber of Commerce, was $368,900,000, compared with $313,700,000 for 1898, and an annual average of $29 1 ,000,000 for five years prior to 1899. The average annual grain receipts in bushels at Cincinnati for a series of years have been; Of wheat, 2,700,000; corn, 15,500,000; oats, 7,500,000; rye, 500,000; barley, 1,500,000. LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE RAILROAD BRIDGE ACROSS TO NEWPORT. 844 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Distribution of grain at Cincinnati is mostly to localities to the south and southeast of this market, notably so with reference to corn and oats. This trade has to contend with sharp competition from offerings from other markets, and disadvantages in transportation YOUNG MEN’S CIIKISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING. Seventh and Walnut. SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, Eighth and Elm Streets. conditions. Nevertheless, a considerable business is maintained, although it is contended that this market is not etpiitably recognized in the adjustment of freight rates. I'he local and nearby manufacture of Hour is not of specially large proportions, so that the consumption of wheat here is not a matter of much significance. During the year of 1899 the absorption of wheat by such milling concerns was about 2,000,000 bushels, a part of which represents supplies not appearing in receipts at Cincinnati. Corn receipts in the aggregate were largely reduced, under a decreased transit movement at this point. The records indicate a total of 6,853,000 bushels, compared with 15,121,000 bushels for 1898. Shipments for the year were 4,117,000 bushels. The local consumption of corn in recent years has been approximately 3,000,000 bushels annually, through the distribution to distillers, starch manufactures, feed dealers, etc. Flour receipts at Cincinnati were larger than for any previous year, with the exception of 1898, which record was not reached the past year. The total was 2,154.400 barrels, com- [lared with 2,318,400 for 1898, and an annual average of 1,931,000 for five years prior to 1899. Shipments for the year were 1,778,400 barrels, against 1,917,900 for 1898, and an annual average of 1,537,000 for five years prior to 1899, The reported movement embraces considerable oi through shipments. RACE STREET, LOOKING NORTH FROM SIXTH STREET. ^ he local manufacture of Hour, the record THE BOOK OF OHIO. ,S45 MOUNT ADAMS INCLINED PLANE RAILWAY. embracing some mills outside of the city, was considerably enlarged in 1899, reaching a total of 452,800 barrels, com- pared with 361,500 for 1898, and an annual average of 278,000 for five years prior to 1899, dur- ing which time the largest mill was closed a portion ol the period. Stocks of Hour at Cin- cinnati held by receivers and dealers on January i, 1900, were 44,514 barrels, as compared with 40,752 on January i, 1899, and an average of 43,400 for corres- ponding date for five years prior to 1900. Stocks held by con- suming concerns are not in- cluded, and represent 5,000 to 7,000 barrels usually. The large baking establishments obtain considerable supplies of fiour direct from milling concerns in the West and Northwest, which is not embraced in transactions on ’Change. Hog packing in Cincinnati has been gradually falling oft, and the average number now slaughtered and packed is about 650,000 head. The receipts of meat at Cincinnati average 140,000.000 pounds annually. The receipts of hay average annually about 135,000 tons. The total receipts of live stock at Cincinnati in 1899 were reduced about 7 per cent., compared with the preceding year, and 10 per cent, compared with the annual average number for five years prior to 1899. Receipts for hogs were 992,600, compared with 1,088,200 in 1S98, and an annual average of 1,017,000 for five years prior to 1899. Receipts of cattle were 219,400, compared with 193.000 for 1899. and an annual average of 206,000 for five years prior to 1899. Receipts of sheep were 363.500, compared with 412,100 in 1898, and an annual average of 532,000 for five years prior to 1899. These records do not include transit move- ment, and these figures are a fair average for the decade. The total value of live stock received during 1S99 at Cincinnati was about ^16,300,- 000, compared with ;gi 5,700, - 000 for 1898, $14,600,000 for 1S97, $i5,500'000 for 1896, and $16,800,000 for 1895. The trade in groceries was without radical change in 1899, the average of prices of staple articles being somewhat lower than the preceding year, and the value of aggregate sales showing but little increase in the comparison. Returns from dealers to the Chamber of Commerce indicate a total $19,750,000 as representing sales of groceries in this market in 1899, compared with $19,600,000 in 1S98, $18,500,- 000 in 1897, $17,500,000 in 1896, and $19,250,000 in 1895. For five years prior to 1899 the annual average was $18,- 750,000. Receipts of coffee for the year were 325,300 bags. BELLEVUE INCLINED PLANE RAILWAY, EDEN PARK RESERVOIR. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 847 i MONUMENT IN LINCOLN PARK. BLYMEYER BUILDING. compared with 358,200 for 1898, and an annual average of 288,500 for five years prior to 1899. Fair Rio coffee ranged at 7^ and 9^^ cents per pound, averaging 8.74 cents, against 9.02 cents for 189S, 13.29 cents for 1897, 17.01 cents for 1896, and 19.82 cents for 1895. Prime, the year’s average was 9.67 cents, against 9.74 cents for 1S98, and an annual average of 16.93 cents tor fi\ e years prior to 1899. Receipts of sugar in 1899 were 353,700 barrels, compared with 266,900 barrels for 1898, and an annual average of 273,- 200 for five ) ears prior to 1899. Shipments were 188,600 barrels, against 126,100 in 1898. There were also received 50S hogs- heads; shipments, 67 hogsheads. Prices averaged moderately lower than the preceding year. For Hards the range was from 5.22 (a 5.72 to 5.72 (ji 6.10 cents per pound, averaging 5.57 cents, compared with 5.74 cents for 1898, and an annual average of 5.17 cents for five years prior to 1899. Receipts of molasses were 47,600 barrels, compared with 57,300 in 1898, and an annual average of 47,800 for five years [irior to 1899. Shipments were 39,100 barrels, against 42,100 in 1898. Prices did not fluctu- ate very widely, ranging at 30 (a 33 cents per gallon most of the united states cast iron pipe & foundry company, addyston. 848 THE BOOK OF OHIO. FIK'ST ENCiLISlI LUTHKKAX CIIUKCII. )’cai' for prime to strict prime New Orleans, averaging 32 cents against 31. 82 for 1S98, and an annual average of 30.18 for fiv(; years prior to 1899. Much of the supply received here re[)resents a quality which sells considerably below ([notations tor [)rim(\ l\(;ceipts of rice were the largest since 1893, repre- senting a total of 47,700 barrels, compared with 39,500 for 1898, and an annual average of 35,200 for five years prior to 1899. Shipmemts 34.600 barrels, against 22,600 in 1898. Prices of [)rim(! averaged 5.97 cents [)er pound, compared with 6.03 cents for 1898. d'he annual average recei[)ts of grass seeds in bags are: Clover, 42,000: timothy, 75,000; other grass seeds, 60,000. “THE CINCINNATI POST” BUILDING. The annual receipts of the following articles average as stated: Cheese, 115,000 bo.xes ; eggs, 400,000 cases; butter, 175,000 packages; butterine, 3,000,000 pounds; apples, 320,000 barrels; all other green fruits, including peaches, pears, cherries, plums and berries, 15,500 tons; oranges, 1 32,000 boxes ; lemons, 65,000 boxes ; dried fruits, 7.200.000 pounds; potatoes, 1,000,000 bushels; feathers, 30.000 sacks. Receipts of tallow in 1899 were increased 20 per cent, over the high record of the preceding year, and were decidedly in excess of any previous year. The total was 90,600 tierces, against 74,900 for 1898, and an annual average of 55,000 for five years prior to 1899. Shipments were 20,900 tierces, against 9,200 in 1898. SCOTTISH RITE CATHEDRAL. Sj’camore, between Fourth and FTftli. SU.SPENSION BRIDGE ENTRANCE. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 849 FOURTH STREET, LOOKING WEST. INTERIOR MUSIC HALL. 130,000. The number of cattle hides handled during the year by local tanners was about 335,000, which with the other skins, makes a total of approximately 485,000. Receipts of leather in 1899 were 27 per cent, larger than the high record of the preceding year, repre- senting 192,800 bundles, against 152,300 bundles for 1898, and an annual average of 102,000 for five years prior to 1899. Shipments were i 73,000 bundles, against 1 18,400 for 1898. The local manufacture of leather is a notably prominent industry, the product being partly consumed here in the manufacture of shoes, harness and saddler)'. MOUNT AUBURN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. An average of 600,000 barrels of salt is handled in the city, and the local production of starch reaches nearly 40,000,000 pounds annually. Receipts of hides in 1899 largely exceeded the high record of the,‘'preceding year, reaching a total ot 630,300, com- pared with 568,900 for 1898, and an annual average of 477,000 for five years prior to 1899. This indicates that the receipts the past year were 32 per cent, larger than the annual average for five years previously. Shipments for the year were 439,900, against 441,200 in 1898. The local slaughtering turnished about 145,000 cattle hides during the year, exclusive of calf skins, sheep skins, etc., representing a total of approximately BAND STAND, ZOO GARDEN. 850 THE BOOK OF OHIO. and partly shipped to other localities in nearly all portions of the country, and to a moderate extent for ex|Jort. There were about 335,000 cattle hides tanned during the year, besides a large number of other skins, the total value of which is estimated at approximately $6,000,000, possi- bly more, against about $5,000,- 000 for 1898. The shipments of candles from Cincinnati in 1899 were 164,600 boxes, the largest quan- tity for six years, comparing with 137,200 boxes for 1898, and an annual average of 133,000 boxes for fi ve years prior to 1 899. In the manufacture of soap, Cincinnati holds the high- est position in the country, hav- ing made large advances from year to year in recent years. Shipments in 1899 were 1,999,- 000 boxes, compared with 1,573,000 boxes in 1898, and an annual average of 1,420,000 for five years prior to 1899. This implies an increase of 27 per cent, in 1899, compared with the preceding year, and 40 per. cent in comparison with the average for the previous five years. The value of the shipments in 1899 was approximately $10,290,000, compared with $7,865,000 for 1898, $7,730,000 for 1897, and $7,145,000 for 1896. The cost of material was considerably advanced during the year, while it was not practicable to correspondingly increase the price of product throughout the line. The local consumption of soap is large, and the distribution by wagons to near-by localities is considerable, so that the commercial records do not fully cover the extent of op(;rations in this article. Local manufactures produce all the various grades and kinds of soap in general use. Wool receipts in this market are decidedly variable, the records showing as high as 79,000 bales for 1892, and as low as 16,900 bales for 1898. In 1S99 the total was 29,600 bales, compared with 32,800 as the annual average for five years prior to 1899; for the preceding period ot live years the annual average was about 50,000 bales. Shipments in 1899 were 33,500 bales. In recent years the shipments have averaged fully 2,000 bales annually in excess of receipts, suggesting that about 400,000 pounds yearly have been added to the su[)[)ly by pulled wool from local establishments. riie naval stores include 180.000 barrels of rosin, 50,000 barrels of turpentine, and other items in proportion. The receipts of cotton are 350.000 bales, of which i 5,000 to 20.000 are locally manufactured and the remainder shipped. Lard oil is largely pro- duced, and linseed and other oils extensively handled. Receipts of petroleum at Cincinnati in 1899 were reduced 14 per cent, in comparison with the preceding year, the total representing 359,200 barrels, against 417,300 in 1898, and an CINCINNATI WORKHOUSE. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 851 OLD LADIES’ HOME. annual average of 413,000 for hve years previous to 1899. There was an average advance of 15 per cent, in price of illu- minating oil, compared with the preceding year. This may have had somethinof to do with the lessened local consumption. Shipments for the year were 137.300 barrels, against 142,000 for the preceding year, and an annual average of 173,000 lor five years prior to 1899. Local concerns do a large business in the way of sales for direct ship- ment from sources of supply to points of destination, which was considerably enlarged the past year, the total representing 1.353.300 barrels, against 1,225,- 200 in 1898, and an annual aver- age of 955,200 barrels for five years prior to 1899. The com- bined receipts and direct sales in 1899 represented an aggregate of 1,712,500 barrels, against 1,642,500 for 1898, and an annual average of 1,368,000 for five years prior to 1899. Cincinnati has a large distributing point for petroleum. This business has been promoted by the construction of suitable warehouses and terminal facilities of the railroads, by which there is ready distribution of large and small quantities. There was considerable gain in receipts of leaf tobacco in 1899. compared with the reduced record tor the pre- ceding year. The total arrivals were 90.600 hogsheads, and 81,900 cases and bales compared with 70,700 hogsheads and 34,200 cases and bales for the preceding year. The receipts at the auction warehouses in 1899 were 68,665 hogs- heads, compared with 50,205 for the preceding year, and an annual average of 75,200 for ten years prior to 1899. The year’s offerings at the auction warehouses were 79,475 hogsheads; rejections, 14,764 hogsheads; sales, 64,711 hogsheads; amount ' realized, $6,186,414; general average [mice obtained, $7.95 per 100 pounds. P'or the pre- ceding year the general average price was $9. 10 per 100 pounds, and for ten years prior to 1899 the annual average was $9.40. The offerings of seed leaf tobacco at the auction ware- houses in 1S99 were 10.430 cases; rejections, 2,490; sales, 7-940. The arrivals of cases of leal tobacco in 1899 far e.xceeded any previous year, making a total of 81,905, (including bales) which compares with 34,187 for 1898, and an annual average of 29,600 for a period of ten years prior to 1899. The value of total arrivals of leaf tobacco at Cincinnati in 1899 was approxi- mately $11,500,000. The manufacture of smok- ing tobacco at Cincinnati, which ENTRANCE TO ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN. has been enlars^inof o o m recent THE BOOK OF OHIO. 85i> LANE SENINAKY, WALNUT HILLS. y(;ars, was further e.\[)lainecl in 1899, sliowinj^ a g'ain of 34 [ler cent, over the precedint^ year, reaching- a total of 7,445,000 pounds, compared with 5,470,000 pounds in i S98. Including- 507,- 000 pounds manufactured in Cox'ington and Newport, the total was 7,852,000 pounds. Chewing tobacco is not now manufactured to any consid- erable e.xtent at Cincinnati, the total in 1899 I'ejiresenting 8,900 |)ounds, compared with 10,900 pounds in 1 898. b'or Covington and New|)ort, the total was I , I 82,000 pounds, compared with 1, 1. 1 1,000 in 1898. d'he manu- lacture of cigars is also carried on e.xtensivcdy. 'Idle coal arrivals, for local consum[)tion, averages about 65,000,000 bushels, almost t;(|ually divided between factory and household use. ddie average product of gas from coal is 1,250,000,000 feet. I he (juantity of rectified spirits produced in 1899 at Cincinnati and immediate vicinity was 10,448,000 gallons, against 9,038,000 gallons for 1898 — an increase of 15^ per cent. For five years prior to 1899 the annual average was 9,444,000 gallons. In earlier years the [iroduction was much larger. I he local manufacture of malt lirpiors was reduced 5^/3 per cent, in 1899, compared with the preceding year, making the lowest record since 1899, although the variation during the past ten years has not been great. The total lor 1899 1 ,244,000 barrels, compared with 1,317,100 for 1898, and an annual average of i ,326,000 for ten years prior to 1899. Receipts of malt liquors were decidedly increased, being the largest since 1894, the total showing 35,200 barrels, against 15,500 in 1898. Shipments for the year were 456,900 barrels, against 461,200 the preceding year, and an annual average of 476,000 for five years prior to 1899. I he indicated consum|)tion of malt liquor, chielly beer, in this city and immediate vicinity, was approximately * 822,000 barrels in 1899, com- pared with 871,000 barrels in 1898, and an annual average of 857.000 barrels for five years prior to 1899. The indicated local consumption in 1899 was 25.500.000 gallons, or about 46 gallons per capita of the pojiula- tion of Cincinnati and suburbs, representing an expenditure equal to $18.00 per capita for the year, or an aggregate approxi- mating $10,000,000. Retailers paid out about $5,500,000 for the quantity disposed of by them during the year. The receipts of manu- factured iron and steel average about 300,000 tons of nails, 475,- 000 kegs, and of pig iron, 600,000 tons. Th^ sales by Cincinnati firms for shipment direct from sources of supply to destination, additional to receipts in this EIGHTH AND MOUND STREET SYNAGOGUE. market, aiHounted to 1,050, 177 THE BOOK OF OHIO. 853 AN OLD PIONEER HOME NEAR PRICE HILL tons — which with the receipts, made an aggregate of 1,650,465 tons, representing $29,850,000 in value. The receipts and sales in 1898 represented a total of i,032,630tons, value $i 1,875,000. Cincinnati continues con- spicuous in the manufacture ol clothing, an industry which com- mands larofe investments of capital, and gives employment to a great number of hands. In fact, it may be said to be at the head of manufacturing operations here, both in respect to extent of capital invested and number of hands employed. The past year was a prosperous one in this interest, and local manufacturing operations were enlarged. Special returns to the Chamber of Commerce from manufacturers of and dealers in clothing, indicate a considerably enlarged business in 1899, the increase averaging nearly 9 per cent, in comparison with the preceding year, making a total of $23,150,000, against $21,250,000 in 1S98, and an annual average of $19,845,000 for five years prior to 1899. The distributive trade in this line is largely to the south and southeast. The high reputation which this market has maintained in the quality of goods has counted strongly in favor of our city. In addition to the clothing trade proper, there is a large volume of business in this market in furnishing goods and women’s apparel, much of which represents products of local manufacture, estimated to have been approximately $5,500,000 in value. The annual average trade in dry goods ap[iroximates $40,000,000 for a series of j’ears. Carriage manuiactures amount to $12,500,000; and office fixtures, furniture and cabinet work to $8,250,000. The shoe manufacturing interest at Cincinnati has been steadily enlarging in late years, and has reached a posi- tion of special prominence in this line, understood to be second in importance only to Lynn. Formerly the product of our factories was almost entirely confined to women’s and children’s wear, but the manufacture of men’s wear has been expanding in recent years, and has reached liberal proportions. Shoes of Cincinnati manufacture find market largely in the south, and have become j popular for the quality of these i goods. Special returns to the I Cincinnati Chamber of Com- merce indicates sales of boots and shoes in this market to have been approximately $17,250,000 for 1899, a gain of about 1 i per cent, over the preceding year. The value of the output of local factories was approximately $12,- 000,000, compared with $i 1,000,- 000 for 1898; $10,000,000 for 1S97 ! $7'750'000 for 1896 ; $8,500,000 for LS95 ! $7,500,000 for 1894, and $7,250,000 lor 1893. The lines of manufacture embrace: Wood working ma- chinery for furniture and chair factories, car and railroad shops, and all other varieties. Machine tools, steam engines, gas and gasoline eno-ines, boilers, steam pumps and power pumping ELSiMORE TOWER. machinery, hot air pumping PASSENGER STEAMER ON THE OHIO. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 85 .') engines, shaping machines, drills, tools, grinders, etc. Machinery for laundry pur- poses, electrical plants, druggists, chemists, bakers, paint manufactures, sugar mills, cider mills, saw mills, and other cereal products, breweries, elevators, air compressors, etc. Planing machines, lathes, hangers, iron pulleys, wood split pulleys, washer castings, and metal castings of every description, iron pipe, iron fence, iron and steel fence posts, barbed and plain wire, iron specialties, fire hydrants, hydraulic plug tobacco machinery, and kindred supplies, stop valves, valve boxes, tin and terne plate, machinery and metal products generally. Saddlery, harness, leather goods in great variety, leather belting, oak-tanned sole and harness leather, carriage and furniture leather, bark-tanned sheep leather, and pickled sheep skins for gloves and wool. Electrical, hydraulic and other power elevators, steam pipe and boiler coverings, flexible cement roofine. calliopes, stationers’ hardware and specialties, ice cream freezers, sausage machinery, sausage casings, peanut and coffee roasters, galvanized iron cans for artificial ice works, and all kinds of black and galvanized steel tank work. Light vehicles, fine carriages, road wagons, delivery wagons of all kinds, hearses, undertakers’ goods, filing cabinets, office desks, book cases, sideboards, furniture in variety, hardwood mantels, piano stools, veneers, bicycles, and hall racks. Brass goods of all kinds, including brass bedsteads and furniture, copper ware, varnishes, japans, printing inks, oils and dry colors for printing ink purposes, pharmaceutical products, sal soda, bicarbonate soda, anti-rust paint, paper boxes, knock-down cooperage for beer, wine, whiskey and alcohol. Soaps in full variety, starch, stearic acid, candles, distilled red oil, lard oil. perfumery, printing, lithography, cigars and cheroots, smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco, and general confectionery. Boots and shoes, clothing, uniforms, army supplies, military goods, lodge supplies, Hags, decorative material, cordage, billiard tables and bungs. IMrk and beef products, Hour and other cereal products, canned goods, starch, bottled whiskies, beer, glycerine, gelatine, vinegar, table sauce and pickles. Rookwood pottery, and other works of art and decorative material. A large part of the traffic of the city goes by river. I'here are some 30 large freight steamers and many smaller craft. The steamboat arrivals during each season runs from 1,250 to 1,600. The tonnage of the boats operating from Cincinnati is approximately 20,000 tons. Cincinnati has exceptional railway facilities, among the more important roads entering and departing therefrom to all points of the compass, being the Chesapeake & Ohio ; the Baltimore & Ohio A DAILY CANAL SCENE. THE BUFFALO AT ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN. SPRING GROVE CEMETERY THE BOOK OF OHIO. ENTRANCE TO OAKLEY RACE GROUNDS. Southwestern and its feeders ; the Louisville & Nashville ; the Big Four System, the Cincinnati N Muskingum Valley; the Cin- cinnati Southern; the Cincinnati, Portsmouth & Virginia; the Cin- cinnati Northern; the Cincinnati, Hamilton N Dayton ; the Penn- sylvania Company lines ; the Cincinnati Northwestern ; the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio, and many smaller steam roads, and more than a score of electric lines. The city government is a composite affair, and has been subjected to innumerable changes since the first incorporation, some of these changes have been improvements, some the re- verse. The government now consists of a mayor, Board of Affairs and Board of Legislation, all of them elective by the people. William A. 'Favlor. liRlVEWAY IN EDEN PARK. T HE ROLL OL OHIO’S HISTORICAL CHARACTERS embraces many names. They were dis- tinguished alike for their achievements in war and in peace and their names are written with golden letters in the History of the Nation. Seven of the distinguished sons of the Buckeye State have been selected to the Presidenc}' of the United States, the highest office in the gift of the greatest nation in the world. Wdth the exception of General William Henry Harrison, all were l)orn in Ohio, and five — Harrison, Hayes, Garfield, McKinley and Taft — lived in the State at the time of their election to the Presidency. The first contribution of Ohio to the executive office of the nation was William Henry Harrison, who, however, after a life of usefulness and noble efforts in behalf of the people of the country he so loved, only occupied the high position of Chief Executive one month. Of the other Presidents, General Grant served two terms; his successor, President Hayes, occupied the office of Chief Executive for one term, declining a renomination. The next President of the Pnitcd States, James Abram Garfield, died by the hands of an assassin shortly after his inauguration. Benjamin Harrison, who was elected President of the United States in 1888, also ser\'ed l)ut one term in office. William McKinley was re-elected for a second term, but was assassinated at Buffalo a few months after his second inauguration. The last contribution of Ohio is William Howard Taft, who was elected President in November, 1908. William Henry Harrison, Ninth President of the United States, was born on the ninth of Eebruary, 1773, at Berkeley, Charles City County, \drginia. He was educated at Hamiiden-Sidney College, and although the profession of medicine had been chosen for him, entered the army as an ensign in 1791, became a lieutenant in June, 1792, and served against the Indians as an aide-de-camp on the staff of General Wayne, taking part in the battle of the Maumee and in other engagements, and becoming a captain in May, 1797. Resigning in June, 1798, he was soon afterwards appointed Secretary of the Northwest Territory under General Arthur St. Clair, but in October, 1799, resigned that position to become a Territorial Delegate in Congress. In 1801 he was made Go\’ernor of the so-called Indiana Territory, which then comprised the region later emliraced in the States of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, and for a time subsequent to the treaty of 1803 his jurisdiction also extended over that part of the lands then acquired from Trance by the Louisiana ourchase, which was known as the District of Louisi- ana. Harrison’s executive work in the Northwest continued until 1813. He rendered effective and important service to the nation by early establishing friendly relations with a number of the Indian tribes, and by thus lessening the possibility of a continuation of British infiuence in that region. On the seventeenth of September, 1802, he concluded a treaty at \dn- cennes, and in July, of the following year negotiated the more impor- tant treaty of Lort Wffivne. He also was forced to take active measures against the Indians, his most imiiortant campaign being that against Tecumseh’s brother, the Prophet, in the region of the Wabash, cul- minating in his victory at the battle of Tippecanoe, on the seventh of Nox’ember, 1811. Upon the outbreak of the War of 1812, he became a major-general of Kentucky militia, and in August, 1812, was made a Brigadier-General in the Regular Army, and soon afterwards was appointed to the chief command in the Northwest; in that capacity he became conspicuous by his brave defense of Lort Meigs, and by his complete victory over the British at the Battle of the Thames, on the fifth of October, 1813. Withdrawing from the army. General Harri- son entered Congress as the Representati\'e of the district embracing Cincinnati, and served from 1816 to 1819, when he was elected to the State Senate, where he remained until 1821. In 1825 he returned to Washington as Senator from Ohio, retaining this position until 1828, when he was sent as Minister to Columbia. In 1835 he was nominated to the Presidency by Whig con^’entions in Indiana, Ohio and Mar\land, and by an -Anti-Masonic Convention at Harrisburg, Pa., and in the ensuing election succeeded in carrying seven States, securing 73 electoral WILLIAM H. TAFT 858 THE BOOK OF OHIO. WILLIAM II. HARRISON U. S. GRANT ( )liio, and tlu‘ c-ij^lilc'cntl t\vt‘iU\'-sc'\'(.‘ntIi ol April \'otcs, as against 170 given to \An Buren and 51 di\idcd among the other three eandidates. W’hen the finaneial i)oliey ot Jackson and \"an Buren brought such disastrous results as tcj turn against the ad- ministration a large portion of the people, the situa- tion became particularly favorable for whcjever might be nominated b\’ the Whig Bart)' in 1840. The Whig ( 'oinention met at Harrisburg, on the fourth of Dec- ember, 1830, and (General Harrison was mmiinated for the Bresidenc)' on the filth balhjt. In the Bresi- dential election \'an Buia n only carried seven states, with a total electoral vote ot 00, as against 234 votes secuix'd 1))' Harrison. Although in good health at the time (4 his inauguration, (kmeral Harrison was taken ill, and died on the fourth of April, 1841. liLVSSES S. Grant, the second Bresident from [’resident of the United States, was iKam at Boint Bleasant, Clermont County, Ohio on the 1822. His father was Jesse R. Cu'ant and his mother Hannah Simpson. Ulysses was th(‘ oldc'st of six children. When a little boy his parents removed to Georgetown, Ohio, where he spent his boyhood in assisting his lather on the tarm and also in a tannery. In the si)ring of 1839, when seventeen years of age, after ha\ ing attendc'd the village sch.ool, he was appointed to a cadetship in the United States Military Academy at West Boint, where lu' graduattd in 1843. He then was commissioned brevet second-lieutenant in the Fourth Regiment of Infantry, stationed at Jefferson Barracks, Mo. In May, 1844, his regiment was ordered to Louisiana, and in Septc'inber, 1845, to 4\‘xas, to join the army of (ieneral Taylor. In the Mexican War, Grant took part in the battles of Balo Alto and Rc'saca de la Balma, and was present at the capture of A'lonterey. In 1847 he was made quarter- master of his regiment. He participated in the battles of General Scott’s campaign, and for his bravery at Molina del Re)', SejJtember 8, 1847, was made hrst lieutenant, and i(a' his conduct at Chapultej^ec, Seittember 13, was bre- vetc'd ('aptain. In the summer of 1848 his regiment returned, to be stationed first at Detroit, and then at Sackett’s I larbor. In the same year he was married to Miss Julia T. Dent, of St. Louis. In 1852 he accompanied his regiment to California and Oregon, and on August 5, 1853, was commissioned full captain, but on July 31, 1854, resigned and removed to the neighl lorhood of St. Louis, where he cultivated a farm and engaged m the real estate business. His lack of knowledge of business metliods and his carelessness in money matters involved him heavily in debt, and caused him in 1859 to gi\'e up and move to Galena, 111., where he was employed in his father’s store at $800 a year. Here he was living when the civil war broke out in 1801. He immediately recruited and drilled a company of Cialena volunteers, and accomj^anied them to Springiield, wdiere he wxis employed in the Adjutant-General’s department as a mustering officer. He (jffered his services to the National Government, but, receiving no reply, accei)ted, on June 17th, the Colonelcy of the Twenty-First Illinois \Tlunteer Infantry, and served with his regiment under (ieneral Bope in Missouri until August 7th, when he was commissioned a brigadier-general of volunteers. In this capacit)' he served in Misscniri; was later ])laced in charge at Cairo, and early rendered important service 1))' the seizure, on September 0, 1801, of Baducah, Ky., at the mouth ot the Tenessee, and of Smithland, at the mouth of the Chimberland, on the twenty-hfth of September. In February, 1802, he captured Fort Henry, on the Ten- nessee, and Fort Donelson, on the Cum- berland. The capture of Fort Donelson was the first important and brilliant vic- tory of the Federal army, and it made a great impression upon the country. General Grant was at once made Major- General of Volunteers, his commission being dated as of the day of the battle. The battle of Shiloh, or Fittsburg Landing, was next fought. The Confederates were driven back to Corinth and in this battle General Grant was slightly wounded. He was second in command in the movement against Corinth, wTich was occupied by the Federal troops on May 30th. When, in July, General Halleck w-as called to Washington to take command of the armies of the United States, General Grant was assigned to the command of the Depart- ment of the Tennessee, with headquarters at Corinth. In September he fought the GRANT'S TOMB, NEW YORK CITY ' HOME OF THE OHIO MECHANICS’ INSTITUTE, CINCINNATI rilE BOOK OF OHIO. 859 'V • V- s -• c -'- •■ , . i.' . : : ;^i\' ;:.;S€ ":te • - '•'./•► ' ':V', .. <' V •;. • ."'v^gS ^ . v>5?s' ; ■^'i ... “■'“' ■■•■;'.■. i'^V. ,J • ~ -i.- * V t' ?-■ THE BOOK OF OHIO. 8() I RUTHERFORD B. HAYES JAMES A. GARFIELD Confederate General Price at luka and defeated him. In October General Grant’s department was enlarged by a portion of Mississippi, including \dcks- burg, the forces under his command being designated as the Thirteenth Army Corps. On the eighteenth of May, 1863, General Grant captured \dcksburg, and on the fourth of July, 1863, General Pemberton surrendered with about 30,000 men. General Grant was now appointed a Major-General in the Regular Army, and, in October, was placed in command of the Alilitary Division of the Tennessee, comprising the departments commanded by Sherman, Thomas, Burnside, and Hooker. General Grant was next called upon to conduct the oijerations against the Confederate General Bragg at Chattanooga. On the twenty-fourth of November the Federals stormed Lookout Mountain, and on the twenty-fifth they carried the heights of Missionary Ridge. Congress at its next session passed a vote of thanks to General Grant and his army, and ordered a gold medal to l)e struck in his honor. The grade of Lieutenant-General was revived. General Grant was nominated by President Lincoln for the position, and the nomination was proniptly confirmed by the Senate. On the seventeenth of March, 1864, he issued his first order as commander-in-chief of the armies of the Lhiited States. Lhider his command the battle of the Wilderness and the engagements at Spottsyh'ania Court House were fought, after which began the opera- tions against Richmond, the Capital of the Confederacy, with the final surrender of General Lee at Appomattox, on the ninth of April, 1865. The assassination of Lincoln and the accession of Andrew Johnson quickly followed, and then came the excitement of the period of Reconstruction in which Grant, for whom Congress had created the rank of General of the Army, bore a loyal and honorable part. During the administration of Johnson he was draw n into the struggle betw^een the President and Congress. On the removal of Stanton, Secretary of War, by President Johnson, Grant was asked to fill the ofifice ad interim, and he held it from August, 1867, to Januar5% 1868. He was soon recognized as an availal)le candidate for the Presidency, and, in May, 1868, a convention of soldiers and sailors, at Chicago, endorsed his contemi)lated candidacy. On the twentieth of Alay of the same year the Republican National Convention, on the fir§t ballot, nominated him for the Presidency unaminously, and in the fall of 1868, OARFIELD fiONUMENT MONUMENTS AND VIEWS IN CINCINNATI 802 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Hl-NjAMIN I lAKRLSON WILLIAM McKinley (icneral (irant was elected President. In 1872, Gen- eral Grant was elected to a second term in office, defeating his opponent, Horace Greeley. At the close of his second term, in 1877, he made a tour of the ^\■hol(.‘ cixilized world, visiting especially the great countries ot h'nroj)e and Asia, and receiving, as a soldic‘ 1 ' and cixilian and the first citizen of the United States, all the honor which rulers and j)eople could bestow. On his return home, in the spring of 1880, a large and influc’ntial portion of the Re- pnlilican Party sought to make him a candidate for the Presidency once* more; but the mcA'ement was defeatc'd, not because the people did not still admire and trust him, but on account of the formidable opi)osition to the bestowal of the office ui)on any man, howevc'i' eminent or able, lor more than two terms. Alter his long journey Gc'iu'ral Grant made his home in New ^h)rk. He became a partner in a financial firm which came to grief and iinolved him in pecuniar\’ ruin. The only blame that attached to him was that he liestowed too much ('onlidencc' upon those win.) misused it. With the energy of a young man, he now took u|) his pen and wrote out the rc-collei't ions of his military life, “for the money it gave me,’’ he says, “for at that moment I was living on borrowed monep'.’’ In 1881, Gemgress, by a special enactment, placed him on the retired list of the army, as Gen- eral, with lull ])a\’, a position he had resigned to become President. He died at Mt. McGregor, near Saratoga, N. on the t wcMity-third of July, 1885. His body found a final resting place in a magnificent tomb in Riverside Park, New \Ork, overlooking the Hudson River. RtiTintkFORi) P. llAYiiS, elected in the fall of 187G, was the nineteenth President of the United States and the third contribution from Ohio. (His biograjdiy is to be finmd among the Governors of Ohio.) President Hayes soiwcd one term, declining a renomination. His successor in office was James Abram Garfield. He was born in ()range, ('uyahoga C'ounty, Ohit), November 19, 1881, and died in Elberon, New Jersey, September 19, 1881, the result of a mmderous shot fired by the assassin Guiteau, July 2, 1881 His remains lie buried in Lake View Ceme- tery, (flcA'eland. “He made his way’’ in life, and rose to distinction through his own efforts and indomitalde will. W’lu'ii a bo>’ he worked on a canal boat as a driver and spent his leisure hours in study. At the time he was in the c'lnploy of Governor Tod. In 1849 he entered the Geauga Seminary at Chester, and supported himself by doing odd jobs as a cari)ent(.>r’s (jr blacksmith’s helper, as oi)portunity offered. During vacations he did farm and other manual labor, and occasionally taught school. He entered Hiram Gollege in 1851, and Williams (hdlege in 1854, from which he graduated in 1856. Ik' was ordained a minister in the Gampbellite church, and after his grad- uation taught Greek and Latin in Hiram Collage, and subse<|iK‘ntl\' became its president. He read law with Alln'i't Gallatin Riddle at (Cleveland, and was admitted to the bar in 1858. He was elected to the Senate of th(' I'it ty-lourth General Assenibly from the Twenty- Aixth Senatorial District, Portage and Summit Counties, in 1859. At the' breaking out of the Gi\ il W dv he was commissioned licutenant-cohmel of the Lorty-sec% Ohio. He resigned that office in Alarch, 1882, to accept the position of Collector of the Internal Revenue for the first Ohio District, with his office at Cincinnati, to which he was appointed by President Arthur. He resigned this position, however, within the year to enter upon the practice of his profession, and, in January, 1883, he formed a partnership with Major Harlan Page Lloyd, under the firm name of Lloyd & Taft. He continued in pri\'ate prac- tice until March, 1887, at which time Governor Joseph B. Foraker nominated him to the position of Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge Judson Harmon. During the years preceding this he had served for a time as assistant county solicitor under Rufus B. Smith. In 1888, he was elected Judge of the Superior Court for the full term of five years. His service upon the bench of that triltunal was terminated, however, in January, 1890, by his a[)pointment by President Harrison as Solicitor General of the United States. His career in \Yashington as the ranking member of the Department ot Justice was most successful and brought him prominently before the bar of the whole country. Upon the creation of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals, which necessitated the appointment of nine new Circuit Judges, President Taft was appointed to the bench of his own, the Sixth Circuit. Associated with him at that time was Circuit Judge Howell E. Jackson, whose appointment by President Harrison shortly afterwards to the bench ot the Supreme Court of the United States made Judge Taft the senior and presiding judge of the Circuit Court of Appeals for the circuit including the four great states of Alichigan, Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee. The Court was immediately after its organization flooded with business, and Judge Taft from the outset showed his tremendous capacity for work and his eminent cjualifica- tion for a judicial position. His administrative ability was also made apparent by the manner in which he discharged the duties of presiding judge and also in the administration of several great trusts which came into the hands of the court, notably the case of the Cincinnati Southern Railroad. His interest in the profession attracted his attention to the need of proper legal education, and, in 1896, he joined a number of the most distinguished members of the Cincinnati bar in the organization of the Law School of the Cincinnati University, which was modeled upon the i)lan of the Harvard Law School. In the year following the Law School of the old Cincinnati College was incorporated with this. Judge Taft served as dean of this school from the date of its organization until 1900, in which year he resigned his position upon the bench, and also his posi- tion at the head of the Law School, to accept the Presidency of the Ifiiited States Phillii)ine Commission, which was tendered to him by President McKinley. He almost immediately departed for Manila, where he with his associates took charge of the administration of this new dependency of the United States. On the fifth of June, 1901, he became the first Civil Governor of the Phillipine Islands. Governor Taft’s administration in the East has simply l)orne out the promise of his life up to the date of his appointment. The many questions which confronted him were of the most vita! importance l>oth to the countr\’ of his birth and to the country of his charge, and in the solution of these questions he has succeeded in convincing DRESS PARADE, OHIO MILITARY INSTITUTE 808 THE BOOK OF OHIO. all fair minded persons of his patriotic devotion to his own country and his sincere interest in and determination to [)reserve the ri,^•hts (d' the j)eople wliom he was ;c;overning. llis success in this trying field is shown by nothing more forcibly than the keen regrcd fc'lt by the nati\'e inhabitants (d' the Phillii)ine Islands at the time when he finally concei\c-d it to lu‘ his dnt\’ to rc'sign his position as (iovernor to accept that of Secretary (d War in the Cabinet of Prc'sident Roose\elt. d'his pcjsition he held from Jannar\', 1904, to June 1908, when he resigned. In 1906 Secre- tary of Whir 'baft was sent to ('nba to adjust an insurrection on the island and for a short time acted as Provisional (iovernor. In June of 1908 he was nominated by the Repnldican National C'onventlon, at Chicago, to the Presi- (lenc\- of the Cnited States. 1 le was elected in Novcmiber of that year and inangnrated on the fourth of March, 1909. CAMPUS, OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY CHAPTER XXII. THE CITY OF TOLEDO. E 2 DO, one of the most important of the lake ports, was the last of the hve [)rincipal cities of Ohio to be incorporated as a city, being a little later in time than Cleveland, and was incor- porated in 1836, then standing fifth in rank with a population of about 2,000. In 1840 it stood fifth with a population of 2,500. It again ranked in this place in 1850, with a population of 6,156. In i860 its population rose to 15,950, but still ranked fifth. In 1870 it rose to the third rank with a population of 32,110, to 31,000 for Columbus, and 24,615 for Dayton. In 1880 it occupied the fourth place with 50, 137, to 52,200 for Columbus, and 38,678 for Da)-- ton. It held the fourth place in 1890 with a population of 81,434, against 88,150 for Columbus, and 61,220 for Dayton. In 1900 it won the third rank, with a population of 131,822, to 125,560 for Columbus, while Dayton came fifth, with 85,333. The city is situated on both banks of the Maumee River near its mouth, and on the Miami & Erie and Wabash canals; it is 134 miles southeast to Columbus, 202 miles south to Cincinnati, 60 miles to Detroit by water line of the lake, 112 miles to Cleveland by rail. TherO were originally two distinct settlements, known respectively as Port Lawrence and \hstula, the latter highest up the line of the river. For years there was great rivalry between the two, but neither made striking progress. Rut in the end they grew together, and all rivalry ceased, and the ancient boundaries separating them were obliterated. Within the city is the site of the old stockade known as Fort Industry, which was erected in the year 1 794, at what is now Summit Street, corner of Monroe, and the site of the old fort has been lonsf since occu- pied by one of the numerous business blocks ol the city. A “treaty” was made at old Fort Industry in the year 1805, on the 4th of July, between Charles Joust, the United States commissioner, and the chiefs and sachems of the Ottawa, Chippewa, Pottawa- tomie, Wyandot, Shawnee, Munsee and Delaware tribes, by which the Indian title to what was known as the “ Fire Lands ” was extinguished. There were so-called settlements in the immediate vicinity of Toledo as far back as the latter half of the seventeenth century, but they were of purely a temporary charac- ter. It was a favorite point for the Indians in their migrations and expeditions, and was STEEDMAN’S MONUNENT. 870 THE BOOK OF OHIO. VIEW OF TOLEDO LOOKING WEST FROM NASBY TOWER. a favorite huntino- and trapping ground. Hither came the French fur traders and missionaries to meet and barter with the red men. In 1794, the British, in violation of the treaty stipulations of 1783, came into the vicinity and erected Fort Miami on the Maumee, to aid in carrying out the design to destroy or greatly cripple the young Republic, by inciting the savage tribes to drive out the settlers from Ohio and the Northwest, and furnish them with arms and munitions of war, and give them aid and counsel in their work of desolation and destruction. Many striking historical events surround the early settle- ment of Toledo, which grow in interest as time passes on. Colonel Moulton Honk, the president of the Ohio Society of the Sons of the American Revo- lution, pointed many of them out in an address to the officers and members of the Society at one of its annual meetings, and some of the historical points given by him may properly be introduced at this point. A IN EARLY DAYS LOOKING DOWN ST. CLAIR STREET. jj j retrosoective view mav Old Hall Block in JForefjronnd. bllglU ICLlOSpCLLlVC View liuiy I HE BOOK OF OHIO. 871 OFFICE OF THE WOOLSON SPICE COMPANY, HUKON AND JACKSON STKEETS. well come in here. After the close of the Revolutionar\' War in the East, that same fight for home and territory coif tinned in the West. The Indians were openly encouraged and assisted by the British, who still held onto and had not vacated American territory ; and later an open alliance existed, during the “ Madison War of 1812,” so called by the easterners who did not sympathize in it. To the appeal to the East that their compatriots in the W est must be protected, their answer was, “I'he West is not worth the light : we want peace to recoup us from the long Revolutionary siege.” d o understandingly appre- ciate the historic points we are now interested in, it is necessary for us to go back into Revolu- tionary times, and into times immediately precedent thereto, but so interlinked with the period herein covered, that it in reality forms a part of a single record. As we now understand the term, the Revolutionary Army was not a disciplined body of soldiers. W ashington was a soldier, and thoroughly appreciated the fact that there were two requisites to the effective army. One was thorough discipline ; the other the ability to effectively use the small arm. Ele was, however, the broad man of policy, and appreciated as well that he could k. a. hartley, wholesale grocer, summit and cherry sireets. THE BOOK OF OHIO. H7'2 THE "BLADE” BUILDING. Superior atul Jefferson Streets. the place, lie e.xplainetl to his men that this was in the naturtf of a “ drill,” that he desired to show to them that the American soldier disci[)lined and tinder proper leader- ship, was the equal in a hand-to-hand conllict with the not then hold his armies together by carrying into execution a too rigid system of arbitrary tactics. Across the I ludson River, opposite Peekskill, is a stony point, which had been fortified by the British, and was, in July, 1779, garrisoned by them. They were, one night, rudely disturbed by two columns of American soldiery leaping their breastworks, and with fixed bayonets, closing in on their hastily formed ranks, and after a short, sharp confiict with the bayonet, they surrendered to Anthony Wayne, the American commandant, whose men had not fired a shot. General Wayne destroyed their works, and taking along the captured ammunition, arms and prisoners, vacated NASBY BUILDING. The Walbridge Building Company, Owners. schooled English soldier or his wily ally, the Indian. Such soldierly qualifications appealed to Washington, who, alas, had too few such aids. The treaty of peace in 1783 designated the chain of great lakes as the northern boundary of our country, yet the English did not vacate this territory. In 1790 the Indian troubles began. Incursions were made into the sparsely settled communities, and massacres of families, theft of cattle and stock, the burning of buildings, etc., were of frequent occurrence. General Harmar, with 1,400 soldiers, was clis|>atched by Washington to pacify the Indians, and he destroyed a few WALDING, KINNAN & MARVIN BUILDING, Wholesale Druggists. LAMSOiX BKOTHEKS' DKV GOODS HOUSE. OLD REVENUE CUTTER “ MICHIGAN.” YACHTS AT ANCHOR. S74 THE BOOK OF OHIO, OFFICE OF GENIJKON WHEEL COMPANY. Superior Street. THE LABRATOKY OF THE CHENEY MEDICINE COMPANY. Adams Street. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 875 Indian villages and some grain, but in an engagement at Chillicothe, he was severely defeated. St. Clair, with an army of 1,500 then followed, suffering a paralyzing defeat, losing 630 killed and missing, and 260 wounded. Enraged at these defeats, Wash- ington determined on a most aggressive cam- paign. Anthony Wayne was requisitioned, and, acting under his agreement with Wash- ington that he should recruit and discipline his own army, he at once began the work, obtain- ing as far as possible, veterans of the Revolu- tionary War, men on whose hardihood and courage he could implicity rely. Four years of this Indian war had but encouraged the savages, but on August 20, 1794, Wayne, with 900 men, came upon the Indians under Little Turtle and Turkey Foot, about three miles south of the present peace- tul, quiet little city of Maumee. The Indians had taken a position that appeared to them to be impregnable to successful attack. A severe hurricane had previously laid low a stretch of native forest timber, and behind this the Indians awaited the attack. Under orders, corresponding with those at Stony Point, namely; “ To fire only at the enemy, but use the bayonet to victory,” the charge ot his men was made, over and under the fallen trunks ; any way to get there. The attack was so impetuous, the onslaught so furious, the punishment so severe to the Indians, that they were entirely routed. In their retreat they were followed almost under the English guns at Fort Miami, then occupied. THE LASALLE & KOCH COMPANY. Ohio’s leading silk house. Jefferson and Superior Streets. although on bhiited States terri- tory, by England’s soldier)'. Lieu- tenant W illiam Henry Harrison was then on Wayne’s staff. This battle completed the Indian war, and a treat)- of peace followed. Later, treaties were made with the individual tribes by which land was ceded to the United States. Tecumseh was a Sha- wanese chieftain, irresistably elo- quent. Jealous of the Indians’ interest, he tra\'eled from tribe to tribe and succeeded in orean- izing a confederation of the various Indian nations, which con- federacy refused to ratify such land treaties made by the indi- vidual tribes. Harrison, who had been made governor of the Indian territory, called upon the Indians for an accounting. Tecumseh came in answer, but at the head of 400 warriors, and in a speech INTERIOR OF THE CENTRAL SAVINGS BANK, SUI>1MIT STREET. 87B 7' HE BOOK OF OHIO. STOLrJERG & PARKS. Oldest rmiiiture liouse in Northwestern Ohio. THE “TIMES-NEWS” BUILDING. Superior Street. DETWILER BUILDING, CORNER OF MADISON AND SUPERIOR STREETS. surcharged with Indian eloquence, he depicted the wrongs to his people which such surrender of land would indict. At the close of his speech he was told to take a vacant seat beside his father (Governor Harrison.) “My father! The sun is my father. The earth, my mother. I will rest on her bosom,” was his reply, and he took his seat on the ground with his tribesmen. This conference effected but little if any good, and the Indians continued their preparations to resist the white settlement of the territory. In this determination, the English officers had no little part. They were in the closest touch with the Indians at all times after the [leace of 1783. They had accompanied the Indians to the field of battle and openly watched the progress, from nearby places, of such conflicts. The defeat of the Prophet, d'ecumseh’s brother, THE BOOK OF OHIO. 877 PRODUCE EXCHANGE, ST. CLAIR AND MADISON STREETS. at Tippecanoe in November, i8ii, further embittered the latter, and in the War of 1812 he cast his lot with the English, under their o promise that with their success, the Indians’ “rights” to the territory would be protected. W^ar was declared June 18, 1812, and Ohio then had less than 250,000 population, all practically in a zone of 50 miles from the Ohio River. The history of the War of 1812 was a story of misfortunes and misadventures. Hull lost Detroit to the British ; under Brock, Mackinac was lost ; Fort Dearborn was abandoned by Captain Heald, and the entire force was massacred by the Pottawat- tomies, and the year 1813 was ushered in with a dark outlook. General Winchester was attacked on the River Raisin by General Proctor and the Indians, and after the surrender to Proctor the defenseless American prisoners were turned over to the Indians to butcher. Then the government awakened to the necessities of the frontier conllicts, o and an army of 10,000 was raised for General Harrison, who was made commander-in-chief of the frontier armies. He (Harrison) built Fort Meigs in I'ebruary, 1813, just opposite where the village of Maumee now stands. It covered ten acres, and was a strategic point covering the approach to Canada. Upon May i, 1813, Proctor’s army, with Tecumseh and Indians, besieged it, and for five days the ceaseless roar of artillery, the rattle of musketry, and the yells ol the Indians created a pandemonium infernal. It was during this battle, (the night of May 4) that Captain Oliver crept into the fort and informed Harrison that General Clay with 1,200 Kentuckians was within two hours of the fort. Clay was then directed to land 800 on the north bank, near Fallen Timbers, and to bring the other 400 into the fort. A sortie would be made from the fort to cover their ap- proach. Col. Dudley commanded the 800 and marched silently down, tak- ing the British liy surprise, and clos- ing in upon them with bayonets fixed, put the Brit- ish and Indians to flight. Pdated by their success, the Kentuckians lowed some Indians into heavy forest. ^ . the D QW, & SNELL CQ.i ^ MANUmCTt;R£RS & PACKIIRS OF f %~R0ASTE0CGFF£E. extracts OEiWCI«BAMTS| «iss«2 t»0UHDSP)C£S.- SEEffiiHiAaSIS. ■ | BAsmoPovroER-.- .stJttttiG. THE DOW & SNELL COMPANY’S BLOCK, CHERRY STREET. fol- wily the and Proctor swung his soldiers around, coming in between them and the river. Then arose the multitude o f lie RnoJiirLii rij iczd^c^’O KJldEtJMIt THE SPITZER BUILDING. One of the largest office buildings outside of Chicago and New York. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 87'j Indians, and the Kentuckians, real- izing the ambush, attempted a retreat, only to find Proctor in their way, and to him they had to surrender. Of the 800, about 150 escaped, 250 were killed, and 400 surrendered, who were turned over to the Indians for slaughter. Tecumseh, coming in late, stopped the massacre, but in time to save only a mere handful. They had practically then all been killed. Tecumseh, a man of heart, up- braided Proctor for this work, but it came too late and counted for but little. Unsuccessful in his attempt to capture the fort, Proctor drew his forces oft and returned with his Indian allies to Detroit. On October 5, 1813, Harrison attacked Proctor and his Indians and recaptured Detroit. In that battle Tecumseh was killed. Had it not been for Wayne and Harrison, it is a question what our maps would now show. Out of the territory thus saved by them, five large states now form a magnificent portion of our country, and Toledo is one of the great cities of the lake region. It was at Detroit that the first crushing disasters befell American arms in the years 1812 and 1813. It was within the suburbs of the present city that the tide of battle changed in 1813, and had a fitting clima.x at New Orleans on the 8th of January, 1815. Prior to these events and immediately following them, the district about Poledo was being slowly settled, and for a time the tendency was to make Maumee City a center. Hut this tendency gradually and almost imperceptibl)' changed as the years went by, and the inhabitants themselves could not probably wholly account tor it. The great com- mercial advantages and possibili- ties of the site of Toledo, practi- cally nameless and a mere speck on the map, were seen and realized by men of means and enterprise, and the tide ot thought, and eventually migra- tion and settlement, turned in that direction and bep^an to con- o centrate. SCHMIDT BLOCK. Adams and Michigan Streets FORT INDUSTRY BLOCK. An old landmark and site of old Fort Indus-tr,N’, corner of Monroe and Summit Streets. But it was not rapid. Many things conspired against it. One of these was the dis- puted boundary line between Ohio and Michigan. Not that the natural advantages of the place would be diminished by placing it within the boundaries of either Michigan or Ohio, but the dispute itself sent settlers and capital elsewhere, until it was finally settled and disposed of, and Toledo, as already indicated, had no cohesive existence as a 880 THE BOOK OF OHIO. munici[)ality, between 1800, when th(' lirst settlements worthy of the name were made, until 1836, when the boundary (juestion was definitely settled, and it blos- somed out into a city under the act of the h^e^islature of that year. Its orowth, as shown b)’ a comparison with Cincinnati, Cle\’cland, Columbus and Day- ton, lor thti [)eriods named, since 1850, most fully represents its progress: I’opulation, 1850, I'oledo, 3,8jo ; Cle\'(dand, 1 7,034 : Cin- cinnati, 115,430: Columbus, 17,882; Dayton, 10,977. Pop- ulation, 1800, Toledo, 8 1 ,434 ; Cleveland, 261,540; Cincinnati, 296,308: Columl)us, 90,398; Dayton, 58,868. Population, 1900, 'I'oledo, 131,822: Cleve- land, 381,768; Cincinnati, 325,- 902; Columbus, 125,560: Day- TUB COUNTRY CLUB. I'his indicates an increase of more than 34.00 [jer cent, in 50 years, or more than twice as great as Cleveland, six times as great as Columbus, six times as great as Da) ton, and more than 20 times as great as Cincinnati, between the years 1850 and 1900. The lirst known settlers of the Maumee valley were Gabriel Godfrey and John Baptiste Beaugrand, who estab- lished a trading post at the foot of the Maumee rapids in 1790. Other French settlers came in, including La Point, Mominee and Peltier, James Carlin, a blacksmith, some of whose descendants reside in Hancock County, Ohio, came in from Monroe about 1807 or 1808. At that date six American families were there. David Hull, a nephew of General Isaac Hull, and one of General Harrison’s scouts, resided at Maumee City. Near the mouth of the Maumee, and opposite Manhattan, a small French settlement was established in 1807, or about that date. It was adjacent to a village of the Ottawa Indians, which is said to have existed from the time of the Pontiac conspiracy, in 1 763, and Pontiac’s widow, her son, Kan-tuck-ee-gren, and his son. HOOD BROTHERS’ COMPANY. Euriiiture iiml Carpet Huu^e, Superior Street VIEW ALONG RIVER FRONT. Steamer “ Greyliomid.” ^ THE BOOK OF OHIO. 881 Ottussa, were there. Mesh- kee-ma, a cousin of Ottussa, was a chief on the west side of the river, and was one of the great Indian orators of his day. A young chief, named A-ee-wa, was poisoned by an ambitious rival. There were at that time about 8,000 Ottawas living in the vicinity. Their chief occupation was hunting and fishing. The remnant of the tribe was removed west in 1837. Peter Navarre was one of the prominent characters in the early pioneer days. He was born in Detroit in 1 786, his father being a French officer stationed there. In 1807 he and his brother Robert erected a log cabin near the mouth of the river on the east side, which con- tinued to be his home during the remainder of his life. He spoke most of the Indian dialects, and was an expert woodsman and hunter. For many years he bought furs for a Detroit business house. In 1812, Peter and his three brothers, Robert, Alexis and James, tendered their services to General Hull. He also besought General Hull to secure the services of the Miami Indians, which he declined to do, and the Indians took part with the British. Hidl, in his surrender, included the Navarres in the proctocol, and they were paroled, although they refused to recog- nize the right of the British commander to treat them as prisoners of war, and Peter at once entered the military service under General Harrison, and acted as a scout for General Harrison until the end of the war, although General Proctor offered a reward of $1,000 for his scalp. He died in East Toledo, March 20, 1874. Peter Manor was one of the early settlers; a brave man, a thorough hunter and trapper, and a staunch friend of the Americans. He came from Upper Canada at an early day and engaged in fur trading. He laid out the village of Providence. For a time it llourished, but it fell into decay, and Manor’s brick house was the last to succumb to time and the elements. He lies buried on the old homestead which he redeemed from the primeval forest. Many of his descendants reside at Toledo and in that vicinity. Morrison Remick Waite, the distinguished chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, long a resident of Toledo, was born in Lyme, Connecticut, November 29, 1816, and died in Washington City, March 23, 1888. His father was on the Supreme Bench of Connecticut. He gradu- ated from Yale in 1837, and was a classmate of William M. Evarts and Samuel J. Tilden. He served in the legislature of Ohio in 1849- 1850, and in the latter year located in Toledo. He was American consul for the Tribunal of Arbitra- tion, which met in Paris in 1871- 1872; presided over the Con- stitutional Convention of Ohio in 1872- 1873, and in 1874 was appointed chief justice of the YACHTING ON LAKE ERIE. The large yacht is the '■ Priscilla.” VIEW IN TOLEDO HARBOR. 882 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Supreme Court by President Grant. His decisions stand as precedents. (General James Barrett Steedman was born in Northumberland County, Pennsyl- vania, July 29, 1817, of Scotch-Irish parentage, and died in Toledo, where he had long been a resident, October 18, 1883. ^ was engaged in newspaper enterprises, railroading, con- nected with the public works of the State, served in the legislature, and filled many civic positions. He was public printer under Presi- dent Buchanan. At the beginning of the Civil War he entered the military service as colonel of the Fourteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, rose to brigadier general and to major general. He greatly distinguished him- self at the battle of Chickamauga, where he commanded a division and saved the fortunes of the day. A beautiful monument to his memory stands in one of the triangles in Toledo, the gift to the city from William J. b'inlay, the friend and champion of (General Steedman. It was unveiled May 26, 1887. lesse Wakeman Scott, one of the earliest journalists ol Toledo, was born in Ridgefield, Connecticut, in I 789, and died in Toledo in 1874. 1 le was both lawyer and journalist. 1 le located in Toledo in 1844, and for years was the editor of the “ Toledo Blade.” 1 le prophesied a great future for the city, and in something like half a century all his [prophesies have been verifed. David Ross Locke, another prominent journalist, who made a great success of the “Blade,” after editing various papers in Plymouth, Bucyrus, Mansfeld, Bellefontaine and Findlay, was born in Vestal, New York, September 20, 1833, and died in 'I'oledo, P'ebruary 15, 1888. He achieved his greatest fame by his “Petroleum V. Nasby ” letters, which commanded almost universal attention, and brought the “Weekly Blade” an enormous subscription list. He accummulated a handsome fortune, which his heirs have preserved and enlarged. Clark Waggoner was a journalist of ability and promise, and was connected with both the “Blade” and I •- ' ■ ‘NEOSHO.” THE YACHT “SULTANA.” WATER WORKS. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 883 “Commercial.” He is the author of several valuable historical works. He was born in 1820. John S. Kountz was born in Richfield Center, Lucas County, Ohio, March 25, 1846, and at the age of 1 5 enlisted in the Thirty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry as a drummer boy. In the charge at Mission Ridge he threw away his drum, seized the musket of a fallen comrade, and joined the charge, falling wounded under the Confederate works. Mrs. Kate Brownlee-Sherwood. also a brilliant and graceful journalist, the wife of General Isaac R. Sherwood, wove this tragic incident into the poem, “ The Drummer Boy of Mission Ridge,” immortalizing alike the hero and the poet. Truman Hoag served but a portion of a term in Congress. He was elected to the Forty- first in 1868 from the Tenth District, comprising the counties of Lucas, Wood, Putnam, Henry, Paulding, Defiance, Pulton and Williams. He was born in Manlius, New York, April 9, 1816, and died F'ebruary 5, 1870, in Washington. Richard Mott was of Quaker lineage, and was born in Marmaroneck, New York, July 16, 1804. He taught school to obtain the means to secure a collegiate education, but failing, entered the bank of New York in a clerical capacity, where he remained for some years. He removed to Toledo, Ohio, in 1836. where he entered upon the grain trade, and was the pioneer in the, erection of grain elevators in Toledo. He had the management of the lands of Governor Washington Hunt and the Plicks family for a number of years. He led in the organization and construction ol the first railroad operated in Ohio, or the West, The Erie & Kalamazoo, and was president of it in 1838 and 1839. He was strongly anti-slavery in his views, being an disciple of William Lloyd Garrison. He was an advocate of woman’s Suffrage, and aided Mrs. Lucretia Mott, the wife of his elder brother, in organizing and agitating in that behalf, and contributed liberally to the cause. His name is interwoven with much of the history of Toledo. He was elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress in 1854, from the Fifth District, composed of the counties of Lucas, \ an WOrt, Paulding, Putnam, Defiance, Williams, Fulton, WOod, Henry and Hancock, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth from the same district. Tendered a third election, he declined it. Pie died in Toledo, January 22, 1888. TOLEDO AUTOMOBILE FACTORY A SUBURBAN ELECTRIC CAR. A DREDGE FROM VULCAN IRON WORKS. 884 THE BOOK OF OHIO. For more than half a century Emory D. Potter, of Lucas County, was one of the most prominent Democratic citi- zens and lawyers in the north- western part of the State. In 1838 he was elected president judge of the Thirteenth Circuit, and he held that office until he entered Congress. In 1842 he was elected to the Twenty-eighth Congress from the Fifth District, embracing the counties of Lucas, Mercer, Van Wert, Paulding, Williams, 1 lenry, Putnam, Allen, Shelby and Hardin. He did not seek a re-election, and in 1847 was sent as a representative to the Forty-sixth General Assem- bly of Ohio. In 1848 he was elected to the Thirty-first Con- gress from the Fifth District, as above. In 1873 I"*® elected to the Ohio Senate of the Sixty- first General Assembly from the 1 hirty-third District, composed of Hancock, Wood, Lucas, P'ulton, Henry and Ihitnam Counties. During the last 30 years of his life he served on the various boards of trustees of the different public institutions of the State. He was liorn in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1804, and settled at Toledo early in the last century. James Monroe Ritchie was born in Dunferline, Scotland, July 29, 1819, and emigrated to the United States in 1S32. His education was rather limited, and wholly self-acquired. He studied law, was admitted at 25, and soon acquired a good practice. He was an ardent Republican in politics, took an active part in political campaigns, and was a delegate to the Re[)ublican convention at Chicago in 1880. He was elected in the same year to the Forty-seventh Congress Irom the Sixth District, Lucas, PTilton, Henry, Ottawa, Williams and Wood Counties. He served but a single term in Congress, and held no other public office of importance. His son, Byron F. Ritchie, a prominent member of the Toledo bar, also served a term in the P'ifty-third Congress, having been elected as a Democrat in 1892. \ General Isaac R. Sherwood was born August 13, 1835, in Duchess County, New York; was educated at Antioch College, and studied law in Cleveland. Located at Bryan in 1857, and established “ Williams County Gazette.” He and Miss Kate M. Brownlee, THE LIBHEY GLASS WORKS. Sectional View. BLOWING GLASS, LIBBEY GLASS WORKS. INTERIOR VIEW OF LIBBEY GLASS WORKS. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 885 CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL BUILDING. daughter of Judge James Brownlee, were married in 1859. A son and daughter blessed the union, James B. and Mrs. Lenore K. Pyle, well known in musical circles. In 1859 General Sherwood was elected probate judge of Williams County, resigning the office to enter Union army as a private in the Fourteenth Reofiment, Ohio \Mlunteer Infantry, April 18, 1861. Served in the ranks four months; commissioned lieu- tenant in One Hundred and Eleventh CEiio ; served as adju- tant in Buell campaign in 1862 ; promoted to major in 1863; pro- moted to lieutenant colonel in 1864, commanding his regiment to the close of the war, receiving rank of brevet briofadier general for or-allant services in scores of o battles. Alter close of the war edited “Toledo Commercial;” subse([uently on editorial staff of the “Cleveland Leader;” elected secretary of state in 1868, and re-elected in 1870; elected to Congress from the Sixth District afterwards became PUBLIC LIBRARY, MADISON AND ONTARIO STREETS. 1872 THE YACHT “JUANITA THE BOOK OF OHIO. 887 proprietor and editor of the “Toledo Sunday Journal,” until 1878, when he was elected pro- bate judge of Lucas County. ' Subsequently he became a resi- dent of Canton, Ohio, remaining there until about four years ago, when he removed to Toledo, where he now resides. Frank H. Hurd, a prom- inent citizen of Toledo, an unswerving Democrat and un- compromising free trader, repre- sented the Toledo district in Congress one term, and acquired a national reputation as an elo- quent, logical speaker, with but few superiors as a legal counselor. General Patrick S. Slevin, born in Ireland, April 17, 1815: came to America when six years of age; came to Ohio in 1831 ; read law from 1837 to 1840 with lion. John B. Orton, at Somer- set, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar in 1840, opening an office in Somerset. He subsequently removed to Dayton, TOLEDO GLASS WORKS. OLD LUCAS COUNTY JAIL ON WATER STREET. Ohio, and in 1852 went to Defiance, practicing his profession there. Was appointed to fill an unexpired term of prose- cuting attorney, and was also elected for a full term. In i860 he entered into a law partnership with Hon. James Murray, then attorney general of Ohio, and thereupon removed to Perrysburg. In 1S62 he assisted in recruiting and organiz- ing the One Hundredth Regiment, Ohio \"olunteer Infantry, of which he became lieutenant colonel. On September 7, 1862, the regiment left for Cincinnati. In the winter of 1862- 1861; the colonel resicjned, and Lieutenant Colonel Slevin was promoted colonel, holding that rank until December, 1864, when he was honorably discharged on account of dis- ability from serious wounds received in battle. He was brevetted brigadier general in March, 1865, on account of meritorious conduct in battle. After the close of the war he held the office of collector of customs at the port of Toledo for nearly eight years. He resigned the office and served as secretary of the Toledo Young Men’s Christian Association tor one year. His life and heart became absorbed in the work of administering to the physical and spiritual needs of the poverty- stricken of Toledo, and on the first of December, 1875, he entered upon his life work as city missionary at the Adams Street Mission, without a dollar or a dollar’s worth in the treasury. From that day, winter and summer, through storm and sun- shine, in cold and heat, day and night, for many years until the day of his death, he ministered to the needs of Toledo’s dis- tressed, and when he passed SECTIONAL VIEW OF FORD GLASS WORKS, ROSSFORD, TIili JWOK OF OHIO. s8S FORD PLATE GLASS WORKS, ROSSFORD, FROM WEST SIDE OF" RIVER. ;i\va)', llie pooi and unfortunate lost a friend whom they looked upon as a tried, true and trusted father. He was for 23 y(.*ars a local preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church. Sketches of other distincruished citizens of Toledo have been griven under other divisions of the annals of the State. o o d'he pioneer railroad of the Northwest came to Toledo; this was the Erie & Kalamazoo, and was projected by Hr. Samuel O. Comstock. It was chartered by the State of Michigan, and looked upon as a mere jest, so to speak, and was granted “ on the ground that it was a mere fanciful object, out of which could come no harm, and which would greatly please the Comstocks of Toledo.” A company for its construction was organized in 1835, road was built to Adrian in 1836, lulward Bissell of Toledo, and George Crane of Adrian, were the active managers and jiro- motors of the sclieme. It w^as completed and trains were run over it in the latter part of 1836, at the unheard of rate of 20 miles an hour. It was ironed with “strap” rails, and the equipment was painfully primitive. The original locomotive is still intact. In 1842 the road was sold under the sherift’s hammer, and it became a portion of the Michigan Southern System. This “fanciful” scheme was a little more “fanciful,” it is true, than the lake and canal carrying trade at that time, but not much more so; but now let us see what it has grown into in the way of railway systems and freight lines, electric railways, and all the things that go with them ; Steam Railways. — Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Norwalk Division, (east); Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Sandusky Division, (east); Lake Shore N Michigan Southern, Air Line Division, (west); Lake .Shore «& Michigan Southern, Michigan Division, (northwest) ; MAUMEE ROLL[.\G MILLS OF THE REPUBLIC IRON A STEEL COMPANY. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 889 IT FASSETT STREET BRIDGE. Lake Line Freight. — Lake Erie Transportation Com- pany : Clover Leaf Steamboat Line ; Lackawana Line. In addition to the above regular lake lines, a very large number of steamers, propellers and sailing vessels bring to and take cargoes from this port, some of which load for foreign ports, d'here is also a belt railway which encircles the city, con- necting all roads and branches with the manufacturing interests. Toledo has a dockag-e front of about one-half mile, with Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Detroit Branch, (north); Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Jackson Branch, (north); Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Lansing Branch, (north); Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Grand Rapids & Kalamazoo Branch, (northwest); Pennsylvania System, Philadelphia & New York, (east); Pennsylvania System, Baltimore & Washington, (east); Pennsylvania System, Mansfield & Pittsburg, (east); Wabash System, Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, DesMoines and Omaha; Baltimore & (^hio; Toledo, St. Louis & Western; Cincinnati, Hamil- ton & Dayton; Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton, Findlay Branch; Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton, Bowling Green Branch; Toledo & Ohio Central, Eastern Division; Toledo & Ohio Central, Western Division; Columbus, Hocking VHlIey & Toledo ; Michigan Central ; Wheeling & Lake Erie ; Flint & Pere Marquette ; Cincinnati Northern ; Ann Arbor. Electric Railways. — Toledo Traction Company; Toledo & iMaumee \Hlley ; Toledo, Bowling Green N Southern ; Toledo, Fremont & Norwalk ; Toledo & Monroe ; Toledo & Ottawa Pieach ; Toledo & Western ; Detroit, Toledo & Shore Line. Lake Line Passenger. — Detroit N Cleveland Line, Mackinac, Petoskey & Georgian Bay ; Detroit & Cleveland Line, Put-in-Bay ; Detroit & Cleve- land Line, Buffalo ; White Star Line, Detroit, The Flats anil Port Huron ; weekly lines to Montreal. EAST SIDE IRON ELEVATOR COMPANY'S PLANT. S'.)() THE BOOK OF OHIO. yard facilities sufficient to care for the transfer of freight or passengers from rail to boat, or vice versa, not only for the present, but sufficient also, lor the needs of the future. To attempt a description of the manu- facturing enterprises of Toledo would practically be to point to the whole list of manufactured articles. As a point of interest to excursionists and tourists this city has, perhaps, no equal upon the chain of Great Lakes. Four belt lines of street cars will convey one through and around the city in such a manner as to show its business and resi- dence portions. Toledo is a city of parks, ranging along the banks of the Maumee River, a square between streets here and there, and flat-iron shaped plats where three streets may come together, give to the public pleasing resting places, all cared for with artistic taste. I'oletlo has had a remarkable, though steady growth, entirely free from boom conditions, and perhaps in no city of its si/e are corresponding real estate values placed at so low a figure. The four opera houses, from October until May, with hardly a dark night, cater to the play-loving public. During the summer months theatres at the Casino and at other resorts give two performances daily. Walbridge Park also has its theatre. Few cities offer the boating opportuni- ties to the pulflic that d'oledo does. With its frecpient passenger trips to the resorts, with the daily routes to Cleveland, Put-in-Hay, Monroe Piers and Detroit, and with its practically longer runs to Mackinac, encouragement is lent to excursionists and tourists to spend their hours of recreation upon the cooling waters. And this is what this chimera has done for the ancient Port Lawrence and Vistula, more than any other agency, and as much as all of them combined perhaps : Area of city, 2S.57 square miles; miles of street, 390 miles; miles of street paved, 125.22 miles; miles of street lighted by elec- tricity, 250.04; miles of alleys, 170; miles of sidewalks, 375 ; miles of sewers, 140.3; miles of street railways, (electric) 110. Public parks, (24) con- sisting of : Ifay Vdew, 300 acres ; Navarre, 53 acres ; Collins, 70 acres; Ottawa, 280 acres ; Riverside, 33 acres ; Walbridge, 62 acres ; Central Grove, 100 acres; City, 7 acres; 16 triangles and small parks, 5 acres; making a total of 9 10 acres. Arc lights on streets, 1 ,050 ; water supply, daily capacity, (gallons) 45,000,000; average daily consumption, 8,000,000; consumers, 12,000; miles of distributinn- main o supplied by two 30-inch force mains, each three miles in length, 154; fire hydrants, 1,000; miles of dock, 25; pop- ulation, 145,000; death rate, 12.213; total valuation for city Cincinnati, Hamilton it dayton elevatok. KLOUK MILL, NATIONAL MILLINC COMPANY. THE BOOK OF OHIO. S 91 in 1900, $60,000,000. Public school buildings, 42 ; manual traing school, i ; total valuation of all, ^^1,300,000; number of pupils attending school, 23,000; principals, 42 ; teachers, 450 : public library building, i ; sub-stations, 5 ; number of volumes, 48,000. Number of banks, 18. National, 6, capital, ^2,500,000; surplus, ^2,072,500; deposits, $i 2,879,434.70. Savings, 8, capital, 1^1,350,000; surplus, |;300, 000. State, 2, capital, $^0,000 ; resources, $300,323.47. Private, 2. The bank clearings in Toledo in the year 1898 amounted to $94,352,718; in 1899 to $103,684,042, an increase of $9,331,324; in 1900 to $i 16,770,537.97, an in- crease of $13,086,495.97 ; in 1901 to $122,855,425.82, an increase of $6,084,887.85, or a total increase from 1898 to the first of January, 1902, of $28,502,707.82. The following are the bank clearings for 1898, 1899, 1900 and 1901, by months: 1S98, January, $7,724,095 ; February, $6,293,634 ; UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BUILDING AND POSTOFFICE. March, $8,644,481; April, $6,416,173; May, $10,- 688,274; June, $8,708,840; July, $7, 197,897; August, $ 7497 - 357 : September, $8,066,569; October, $7,322, - 017; November. $7,090,568 ; December, $8,702,813; total for 1898, $94,352,718. 1899, January, $7.386, - 765; February, $6,372,717; March, $8,530,210; April, $6,171,621; May, $6,739,314; June, $9,926,130; July, $10,445,383 ; August, $9,139,687; September, $11,163,181; October, $8,678,256; November, $8,572,- 486; December, $10,509,292; total for 1899, $103,684,042. 1900, January, $11,082,692.63; February, $8,203,816.06 ; March, $9,150,228.25: April, $8,093,751.65 ; May, $8,559,681.11: June, $9, 107,67 1 .65 ; July, $9,708,912.27; August, $11,711,- 473-35 ! September, $10,819, 1 76.70 ; October, $10,- 337,401,32 : November, $9,498,147.63 ; December, $10,497,585.35 : total for 1900, $i 16,770,537.97. 1901, January, $10,089,90366: February, $8,396,- 999,59 : March, $9,349, 165.45 ! April, $8,907,954.07 ; May, ! $9,941,727,14 ; June, $9,100,200.64; July, COLLI NGWOOD HALL. Colliiig-n-ood Avenue. $10,732,671.67 ; August, $i 1,878,289.87 ; September, $10,643,889.89; October, $10,- 840,023.28 ; November, $10,879,881.69 ; December, $i 2,094, 7 1 8.86 ; total for 1901, $122,855,425.82. Building and loan companies, 14 ; capital, $26,000,000 ; church edifices, 94 ; church and religious societies, 87 ; natural gas companies, i; artificial gas companies, i. There are between 30 and 40 news- papers and periodical publications In Toledo, the most prominent being the “ Blade,” the “Bee,” the “Times,” the “News,” in Eng- lish ; the “ Express,” “ Ereie Presse,” and “ Volksfrend,” in German. The Toledo press display great enterprise and exercise great influence, and deservedly so. Its weekly papers are generally well edited, as are its dailies. Almost every denomination has one or more churches, some of which are ST. PAUL’S M. E. CHURCH, Corner Madison and Thirteenth Streets- 892 THE BOOK OF OHIO. C O U L l N G W O O I ) A V E N U li . pours As the city grew its manufactures grew and increased and took in nearly all the lines. There are about ^25,000,000 invested in manufactures in the city, and 15,000 persons find employment, receiving ^5,000,000 annually in wages. The output annually reaches some 5^30,000,000, and the cost of raw material is from $10,000,000 to $i 2,000,000 annually. Toledo is one of the great grain cities of the chain of northern lakes, as well as the receiving and shipping point of immense quantities of coal, ore and lumber. It is also one of the leading points of inter- est in the petroleum and gas development of the northwestern part of the State, which constantly bankers and financiers. public work of the new and straight channel, originally by the Fifty-fifth width of 400 feet. a golden stream into the coders of its business men. The harbor and bay of Toledo are commodious. The designed for the bay alone lor a de[)th of 16 feet and a width of 200 feet, has been greatly expanded Congress of the United States, and now the dimensions of the work are a depth of 21 feet and a And more, this de[jth and width are to extend into and through the harbor. Another and very important feature of the work is, that the government has ado[)ted the enlarged scheme and authorized contracts to be let covering the entire improvement. An appropriation for a light house at the lake end of the channel has been secured, and one is justified in claiming that the completion of this work will give the bay and harbor the greatest facilities for the entrance of the largest ships of the lakes. Toledo is probably the leading clover seed market of the United States. Its average receipts for the past six VIEW IN WALBKIDGE PARK. magnificent in design and architecture. Its schools are numerous and well conducted. WALBKIDGE PARK. BEE BUILDING, ST. CLAIR STREET. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 893 RESIDENCE OF THE LATE D. R. LOCKE, "PETROLEUM V. NASBY.” Jefferson Street. years may be roughly estimated at 155,000 bags per year, and its shipments at 150,000 bags. Fhe concentration ot the iron and steel industry at Pittsburg naturally draws the largest quanti- ties of ore to ports lower down Lake Erie. There is apparently but slow increase in iron and steel manufacturing in Central and Southern Ohio, which would in- crease our commerce in this com- modity. But Toledo is the ideal point for converting the ore into iron and steel. Here the ore is met by nearly 4,000,000 tons of coal, and this feature of our com- merce offers great inducements for the establishment here of smelting works. It is a natural meetinsjf ground for the ore and coal. The average annual receipts of all classes of products will aver- age over 700,000 tons for the past five years. This average is steadily increasing. This is e.xclusive of the hundreds of thousands tons of coal received. In such a locality all busi- RESIDENCE OF S. C. REYNOLDS, • ^ ^ • , Madison Street. itess lutercsts are growing and LAGOON AT TOLEDO STATE HOSPITAL. THE BOOK OF OHIO, 895 INNISFAIL.” RESIDENCE OF C. M. SPITZEK, Collitigwood Avenue. values of all kinds are increasing. Investments in such a city are never disappointing. Supplemented with other basic conditions for trade in all branches and the furnishing of machinery, is the proximity of the oil and gas developments of Northern Ohio, which have, in the past year, approached to within two or three miles of our city line. The attraction of capital here that is invited by the steady growth of our city is a promising feature for future stability, and I do not know of a city whose future is more secure from reactions. The tonnage of the ^reat lakes leadino- to Toledo is constantly on the increase year by year. The business activities of 1S99 in the great producing and manufacturing regions bordering thereon are illustrated by the report of the business passing through the Sault Ste. Marie canal connecting Lake Superior with lakes Michiofan, Huron, Erie and Ontario. It shows an increase in number of vessels, num- ber of passengers, quantities of freight, and in [wactically all of the classes of freight, passing through that great waterway, and makes lor the year 1901 the highest record of business RESIDENCE OF E. D. LIBBEV, Scottwood Avenue. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 89 () UNIVERSITY CLUB, MADISON STREET. activity on the Great Lakes. There has been a steady increase from year to year in all classes of vessels that traverse the Great Lakes, in freight of every descrip- tion, a marked increase in lumber and ore, as well as an increase in passengers. In all these important features, which show the activities of the producing and manufactur- ing interests of Toledo, the record of lake commerce is rapidly reach- ing that of the greatest ports on these inland waters. A study of the figures of the business of the “Soo” in 1899, compared with that of earlier years, indicates the wonderful growth of the carrying trade on the Great Lakes, and of the producing and manufacturing industries of the section contiguous to them. The following table shows the commerce through the St. Mary’s Falls Canal during the years of 1869, 1879, 1889, and 1899: 1869, vessels, 1,000 ; tonnage, 525,000; wheat, bushels, 50,000; other grains, 324,000; Hour, barrels, 32,000; iron ore, tons, 239,000; copper, tons, 19,000; coal, tons, 28,000; lumber, feet, 1,260,000; passengers, 18,000. 1879, \essels, 3,000; tonnage, 1,677,000; wheat, liushels, 2,604,000; other grains, 952,000; Hour, barrels, 451,000; iron ore, tons, 540,000; copper, tons, 22,000; coal, tons, 111,000; lumber, feet, 35,598,000 ; passengers, 19,000. 1 889, vessels, 10.000; tonnage, 7,222,000; wheat, bushels, 16,239,000; other grains, 2,133,000; Hour, barrels, 2,229,000; iron ore, tons, 4,096,000 ; copper, tons, 33,000 ; coal, tons, 1,629,000; lumber, feet, 315,554,000; passengers, 26,000. 1899. vessels. 20,000; tonnage, 21,958,000; wheat, bushels, 58,397,000 ; other grains, 30,001,000; Hour, barrels, 7,114,000; iron ore, tons, 15,328,000; copper, tons, 1 2 1 ,000; coal, tons, 3,94 1 ,000; lumber, feet, i ,038,057,000; passengers, 49,000. A like increase is shown each year in the grain business, and in some particulars the increase is even greater, the elevator capacity being about 800,000 bushels. d'he Toledo Soldiers’ Memorial Building is a beautiful structure, dedicated to a noble cause. It contains an auditorium capable of seating over 4,000 people, and affords ample accom- modations for the largest assemblages in its main hall, o with smaller ones for less numer- ously attended meetings. The government building, for the accommodation of the postoffice, custom house, federal courts and other government offices, is well situated. Its court house is a splendid achievement of archi- tecture. Its hotels are ample and first class, and its business houses and blocks are up to the highest modern standard. o T oledo commands a supply e unexcelled of native woods for , manufacturing purposes. [ ________ _ Toledo has the finest , , . . , , , RESIDENCE OF V. W. GRANGER, glass sand mines m the woild, Superior street. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 97 RESIDENCE OF F. P. CHAPIN, Jefferson Street. the cheapness of material makes the manu- facture of glass ten per cent, cheaper than in any other locality, and the great Ford Glass Plant is one of its leading industries. Toledo has more shade trees than any other city of its size. Toledo as a healthy city — death rate for the year, per i,ooo, 12.213. Rents cheaper than any other city of its size or rapid growth. Situated as it is on Lake Erie, with her excellent boating facilities, her well shaded avenues and beautiful residences, her healthful location, her many parks, and superior urban and suburban car service, Toledo is one of the most attractive cities for residences in the United States. Toledo is especially noted for its rail- roads, natural gas, glass sand, native woods. iron and coal facilities, cheap rents, great grain markets, paved streets, electric lights, street railways, and its healthful location. All the parks in the city are to be con- nected by a boulevard 16 miles long and 200 feet wide, having a driveway and sidewalks on each side of the boulevard, which are to be well shaded by magnificent trees. When this is completed Toledo will have one of the finest boulevards in the country. The beautiful Casino, just completed in place of the one destroyed, is five miles from the city, and is reached by two lines of electric railways and by steamer. It has a theatre building with a seating capacity of 3,000. The grounds comprise some 20 acres. There are five large passenger stations, including the Union Station, and an average of 182 passenger trains enter and leave the city daily. OLD LADIES’ HOME, CoUingwood Avenue. Toledo is considered as having one of the best artesian water well systems in the Lhiited States. There are about 90 wells dis- tributed throughout the city, each of which is drilled into the rock and about 250 feet In depth. But after all, the foregoing gives but a faint idea of Toledo’s present greatness and her future almost boundless possibilities. Everything is prophetic of constant growth and expansion. She is alread)’ one of Ohio’s great- est marvels of enterprise, progress and pros- perity. By the middle of the present centur}’, she is not likely to have more than two, and possibly but one rival, on the great chain of lakes, and is likely to stand second, if not first, in rank among- Ohio’s great cities. BLUE POINT, j, M. Steenberg, Owner. William A. Taylor, THE BOOK OF OHIO. 8;»8 A Ri';rKosi'i-;cT of Lucas Colin in 1C\rf\- Davs. — Lucas County occupies a conspicuous place in the annals of what was once known as the Northwest 'I'erritory. It may be said to be the very center of a wide region of hallowed ground, consecrated in the blood of the patriots and pioneers of the closing years of the l{ight(‘enth and the opening of the Nineteenth Century. Those years were prolific with scenes of carnage, of rapine, of torture, of untold sufferings, of desperate conllict, of indescrib- able and bitter hostility at the hands of a merciless and savage foe, aided and abetted by the power of Great Britain. Within a circuit of less than lOO miles from the present confines of Lucas County, history records the bloody massacre on the River Raisin, the battles at different MODERN IRON ORE CARRIER. WOODLAWN CEMETERY. points along the Maumee, the ill-fated expeditions of Harmar and St. Clair, the savage exploits of Simon Girty, the burning of Colonel Crawford, the battle of Fallen Timbers, the gallant defense of Colonel Croghan, the siege of Detroit, the battle of the Thames in Upper Canada, the triumph of Perry on Lake Erie, the prolonged and gallant defense of Fort Meigs, and many other conflicts that have made this region as classic in American annals as that of the Rubicon, Thermopylae, Marathon, Austerlitz, or Waterloo in the Old World. The fierce struggles with the savage Indian tribes, inspired as they were by a bandit power in violation of the treaty of 1783, and the final triumph of American valor and patriotism has proven a greater factor in the progress of civilization, and embraces a wider range for the betterment of humanity than all the conflicts on Ivuropean battefields combined. Such names as Wayne, 1 larrison, Croghan, Perry, and others, so closely identified with wrenching this territory from the grasp of the British invader and his savage allies, as benefactors the human race, shed a brighter lustre in the world’s civiliza- tion than Caesar, Hannibal, Alexander, Napoleon and others, whose names are emblazoned on history’s page as military con- querors. The one class contributed to the upbuilding of a free people. The splendid results of their achievements are visible on every hand. The other class was the besom of destruction, — the agents of simple conquest and despotism. Millions toMay enjoy the blessings achieved in Northwestern Ohio by the toil, valor, suffering and blood of these gallant leaders and their brave followers, and DREDGING THE MAUMEE RIVER. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 899 There were but three county organizations originally in the entire Northwest Terri- tory. The first was called Wash- ington, and was created by proclamation of General St. Clair, July 27, 1780. It embraced that portion of Ohio lying east of the Cuyahoga and Scioto Rivers. The second was called Hamil- ton, and embraced that portion of Ohio lying between the Great Miami and Little Miami Rivers. It was also created by proclama- tion by General St. Clair. The third was known as Wayne County, created by proclamation by General Wayne, August 15, 1 796, and embraced a most extensive stretch of territory, includincr Northwestern Ohio, o parts of Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin, and the whole of the present State of Michigan. This territory, however, was divided by act of Congress in 1800, and all that part of it lying west of a line drawn from a point opposite the mouth of the Kentucky River, and running due north until it intersects the territorial line between the United States and Canada, was made to constitute a separate territory, and to be called Indiana. All east of the line was the Territory of Ohio. In the first constitutional convention of Ohio all this northwestern portion of the State and the entire Maumee VGlley, embraced in Wayne County, had no representation. Neither had it any representation in the first Ohio legisla- ture, which met in Chillicothe in 1803. The legislature however, recognized it as being within its jurisdiction for legislative purposes, and caused that portion of Wayne County known as the Maumee Valley, to be divided into counties, and these were named Greene INTERIOR ST. PATRICK’S CHURCH. their names will not perish from the memory of man while liberty endures. SAILING ON LAKE ERIE. Ruiinhig before the wind. CHRISTIAN SCIENCE CHURCH, Corner.., Monroe and Liiwrence Avenue. THE BOOK OF OHIO. ;>()() RESIDENCE OF S. M. JONES, MONROE STREET. and Pranklin. Champaign was organized in 1805, and embraced this northwestern part of the State, with Urbana as the county seat. \ he same year a law was passed by Congress enacting, that “ all that part of Indiana territory, which lies north of a line drawn east from the southerly bend of the extreme of Lake Michigan, until it shall inter- sect Lake Erie, shall constitute a separate territory, and be called Michigan.” If this line had been established, a strip of land about seven miles in width, running from the western boundary of Ohio to Lake Erie, would have been included in the State of Michigan. This strip of land, 30 years later, became the bone of fierce contention between the state govern- ments of Ohio and Michigan, and very nearly resulted in bloodshed. The conflict, however, which threatened such a sanguinary result, was bloodless, and soon culminated in the ridic- ulous. In history it is known as the “ Toledo WOODLAWN CEMETERY. note, fully entitle this region to the appellation of the “ bloody ground.” In the numerous Indian wars, the war between the P'rench and the Indians, the Erench and the English, the English and the Indians, the United States and Great Britain, and the United States and the Indians, many severe battles were fought in the Maumee Valley and its western extension. Many others were fought in this immediate vicinity, the direct result of which opened up to civilization an area of a million square miles of territory, now teeming with an active and energetic and prosperous people. Within the present limits of Lucas County, among the monuments and relics of “ grim-visaged war,” may be named the old British redoubt, known as P'ort Miami, near the Children’s Home ; a small earthwork, built by General Wayne at Waterville, called Eort Deposit, and Fort Industry, near the corner of Monroe and Summit Streets, Toledo, rebuilt by General Wayne in 1794. An excellent paper, by Charles E. Bliven, some 25 years ago, now probably INTERIOR VALENTINE THEATRE. War,” and whenever referred to its tendency is to create a smile, d'he Indian title to this territory was not wholly extinguished until 1820, when 14 counties were at once organized by the legislature, and much of the Maumee X'alley was includeil in Wood County. History and tradition record the fact that a grixiter number of bloody liattles have been fought, and more treasure exjiended for the jiossession of this rich and lovely region, perhaps, than any similar extent of territory in the Western WMrld. It was in this vicinity that Pontiac hurled his Indian hordes atjainst the white settlers with savage fury. In this vicinity Mad Anthony Wayne, with his fiery impetuosity, dashed his little army against the savage clans at P'allen Timbers, and crushed them with a disaster from which they never wholly recovered. The massacre of the River Raisin, the bloody butchery of Colonel Dudley’s command, the siege of Fort Meigs, and many other conflicts of lesser THE BOOK OF OHIO. 901 in the archives of the Maumee Valley Pioneer and Monumental Association, says, “ that in 1796 General Wayne, or rather Colonel Ham- tramck, took possession of Fort Miami, or Campbell, also of Detroit, or Mackinac, rebuilt Fort Industry, and the latter was garrisoned 10 or 12 years. It consisted of a blockhouse, surrounded by a stockade, standing in the center of a clearing of about four acres. What is now known as the Fisher-Eaton Bee Hive Store occupied probably the central portion of this stockade, and may have extended as far back as St. Clair Street. At that time the shore of the river was much nearer the location of the fort than now. On the north side of Monroe Street there was a very precipitous bluff, forming the original bank of Swan Creek. Evidence is also abundant that a Erench trad- ing post was located on the site of Eort Industry as early as 1680, and most reliable authority leads to the conclusion that it was occupied many years earlier, even before LaSalle came down the river in 1669-1671 — probably 1640-1648 — when the Erench escorted the Hurons to the Miami Confederation. Eort Miami, or Campbell, situated near the Children’s Home, was rebuilt by the British in 1763, after its surrender by the Erench. It was a regular military work, mounting 14 guns : four nine-pounders on the river side, six six-pounders on the land side, also two large howitzers and two swivels, and was surrounded with a deep ditch, with horizontal pickets projecting over it. It was, without doubt, the strongest fort ever built in the valley. It has been fre- quently confounded with Fort Miami, at the head of the Maumee, Fort Wayne, and some writers have ascribed trans- actions at one which in reality occurred at the other. Fort Deposit was a mere temporary affair, also built by General Wayne, where Waterville now stands. It was nothing more than a receptacle for the military stores and baggage, pending the battle of Fallen Timbers, which shortly PARK SCENE. RESIDENCE OF E. E. DOW, PARKWOOD AVENUE. followed. No trace of it can now be found. As it was used only as a place of rendezvous and storage, it could hardly be classed as a fort, although it was so called by General Wayne in his official report. In S wanton Township, on the southwest quarter of Section 5, on the west bank of the northeast branch of Swan Creek, was a stockade, and to the westward are several ele- vations which look as if they might have been constructed for rifle pits. The timbers of this stockade throughout the enclosed area were plainly visible in 1835. When, or by whom this stockade was built, is not now known. Toward the mouth of Swan Creek were also the remains of what were evidently earthworks, but of which we have no definite knowledge. Within the present limits of Toledo, at some unknown period of time, a fortification was erected on the neck of land formerly known as “Whittlesey’s Point,” between Swan Creek and the river, but every trace of it has RAILWAY YARDS AND DOCKS OF THE HOCKING VALLEY RAILWAY COMPANY AT TOLEDO. THE BOOK OF OHIO. IK)-: PRESQUE ISLE. about disappeared owing to the grading of streets. It followed substantially the course of Clayton Street, extended to the river. It was familiar to the residents of Toledo as late as 1S40. It was an embankment five or six feet high and 10 or 12 feet across the top, on which quite large trees had grown. About where Broadway crosses there was an opening somewhat higher on each side, as if it had been an arched or covered gateway. A ditch was on the inner side. A division embankment extended from the main line to opposite the point or sharp bend in the creek, dividing the enclosure into two nearly equal parts. A history of Lucas County would be incomplete without a passing note of two intrepid'characters, who took no small part in the tragic events of the border history of Toledo and the Maumee Valley. About the year 1807 or 1808 a French settlement was established on the Maumee opposite Manhattan. Among those settlers was Peter Navarre, born in Detroit in 1786. He was a grandson of Robert de Navarre, who came to America in 1745. Peter Navarre joined Hull’s army and went to Detroit. He returned to the River Raisin and enlisted in Colonel Anderson’s reg^iment. This command was included in Hull’s ienominious surrender. He was afterwards liberated, with his four brothers, on parole. He served as a scout for General Harrison at Fort Meigs. Navarre discovered the Indians cross- ing the river when the enemy first appeared opposite the fort, fie reported at once to General Harrison, who immedi- ately sent him with three letters, one for Lower Sandusky, another for Upper Sandusky, and the third to Governor Meigs, at Urbana. His mission was successfully accomplished, the governor receiving his letter near the close of the fifth day. General Proctor offered a reward of $1,000 for Navarre’s head, but the Indians claimed it was impossible to INTERIOR OF A MODERN STREET CAR. VIEW IN CITY PARK. 904 THE BOOK OF OHIO. SCENE ON SWAN CKEEK. capture the wily scout. Navarre received a pension of $S per month from the government to the day of his death. It was I^eter Manor who first brought the news of the declaration of war with Great Britain to the settlers along the Maumee, and the first they heard of the shameful surrender of Hull at Detroit was from a band of 6o or 70 Delaware Indians on their march to b'ort Wayne in advance of the main army. Manor was standing in front of Beaugrand’s store in Maumee City, talking with some of his neighbors, when the Indians came out of the woods and were about to lire, when Beaugrand waved a white handkerchief, at which they dropped their muskets. Soon afterward too British soldiers, and as many Wyandots and Pottawatomies, came up, when the British commander inquired for guides. Manor was pressed into service, although he leigned to be very much disabled by lameness. He went as far as the head of the rapids, when he was dismissed. He returned to Beau- grand’s, meeting Colonel Elliott, in command of the entire British force, who examined him thor- oughly, and then permitted him to go. He started to join his family at the mouth of the river, but was captured when he reached Swan Creek, by a British officer in command of two vessels lying there. He was imprisoned, until Beaugrand In- terposed in his behalf, and secured his release. It was not until the close of the war and the declaration of peace, in 1814-15, that (luiet was fully restored to the settlers along the Maumee. On account of the glow- ing reports of the fertility of the Maumee Valley region, immigra- tion increased year after year. A company from Cincinnati, among whom were several officers who had served with OTTAWA PARK. THE BOOK OF OHIO. RIVERSIDE PARK. General Harrison, purchased 400 acres ol land around the mouth of Swan Creek, and laid out the village of Port Lawrence. Finan- cial embarrassment caused them to relinquish their claim, and it reverted to the crovernment. The o village made but little improvement for some years. A second village was laid out by Major Stickney, an enterprising Indian agent, which he named Vistula. The site of this \’illage was a tract of land adjoin- ing the Port Lawrence tract on the north and running to the river. In 1832 Vistula was one of the most enterprising of the many settlements along the river, and in the year 1833 the two towns of Vistula and Port Lawrence became united, and soon afterward took the name of Toledo. Hon. Thomas \V. Dunlap of Toledo, in his address delivered BARBOUR dc STARR’S LUMBER YARD. IN RIVERSIDE PARK. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 907 at the Centennial celebration in 'I'oledo, July 4, 1876, speaking of this era, said : Then speculation got ahead ol prudence, and paper cities and paper money furnished facilities for discounting the great expectations of Lucas County and its future great cities. The early history of the county would be imperfect without a reference to the ruins of imaginary towns, so thickly strewn throughout its length and breadth. Maumee City, Miami, Marengo, East Marengo, Austerlitz, Port Lawrence, Vistula, Manhattan and Havre were projected on the north side of the river. Oreofon and Lucas City sprang up on the south side. Like ancient Tyre the sites of Lucas City and Havre were swallowed up in the waters of the deep. The waters of the lake took off the sandy soil by the acre. Not so with OTTAWA PARK. OTTAWA PARK. Manhattan. A fate still more melancholy was in store tor her. Her town lots became the prey of the tax-gatherer, who offered them in open market at three and six cents apiece, without finding buyers. “Talk about the times that tried men’s souls a hundred years ago! Those early times of Lucas County tried the very earth itself. The two Marengos, Austerlitz and Oregon could not stand the pressure of the tax- gatherer, and became known on the tax dupli- cate as lands, while Port Lawrence and \dstula. under the name of Toledo, with Manhattan and Miami and Maumee City, went into a state of suspended animation to await the resurrection that followed the War of the Rebellion. Those times of suspended anima- tion were indeed hard times. Those were the times when men stayed here because they had no money to get away with. They were the times of 25-cent postage, when many a man had to wait a week or two to raise a quarter of a dollar to get a letter out of the postoffice. ” In his memoirs, that eminent and worthy gentlemen of the early pioneers, Jessup W. Scott, thus speaks of the great financial revulsion which suc- ceeded the era of wild speculation an colossal air- castle building : “In 1835 commenced that memorable specula- tion in wild lands and wild cities, which culminated in 1836. The whole Maumee Valley was filled with fortune hunters. Congress and state lands were raced for entry, and the shores of the river, from Port Wayne to the Maumee Bay, were alive with city builders. Prom the foot of the rapids to the bay, all the land was considered necessary for the erection of three-story brick blocks, and after the canal was located on the north side, all the shore from Waterville OTTAWA PARK. 008 THE BOOK OF OHIO. WALBRIDGE PARK to Manhattan was held as city property. Jackson’s specie cir- cular soon brought these airy fabrics into ruin. In 1844 Toledo was but little more than the dead carcass of speculation. It had acquired a widespread and almost universally believed char- acter for insalubrity. Much sick- ness and distress, therefore, were suffered. When, therefore, the canal began to give it a business worth naming, its reputation for sickness had become such as to divert from it, to other western cities, most of the enterprising business men, who flocked thither from the old states and Europe. Its rivals were very industrious in giving and keeping alive the bad name, which it had, in its speculative existence, to some extent, deserved. This tide and -uts reaction built up, in a very short time, the cities of Chicago and Milwavdcee.” d'he Ohio and Michigan War. — The year 1835 witnessed the turmoil between Ohio and Michio-an, during' which the ridiculous scenes enacted, the proclamations promulgated and the many incidents, romantic, interesting, amusing and otherwise, would fill a volume. .'\ most comprehensive account of the origin, progress and end of that memorable and bloodless conllict is given in the Centennial WOODLAWN CEMETERY. OTTAWA PARK. address of Hon. Thomas Dun- lap, before alluded to, from which a few points are given : The contest arose over the jurisdiction of that strip of land lying north of the line fixed by Congress as the northern boundary of Ohio, called the Fulton line, and south of another line, called the Harris line, fixed by Ohio, and to which Congress had never assented. This strip of land, about seven miles where it meets Lake Erie, includes the mouth of the Maumee and the present city of Toledo. Such organization as it had was under the Territory of Michigan. The projected canal, which was to furnish a channel of commerce for the future great city, to con- nect somewhere with Lake Erie, became an object of absorbing- interest. The harbor of Toledo, THE BOOK OF OHIO. situated in Michigan territory, seemed the natural outlet of the canal. The State of Ohio, in asserting claims, to the strip of land in question, received the hearty, interested partisanship of many residents of Toledo. The older, non-speculative, conserva- tive settlers were content to remain under the jurisdiction of Michigan. March 12, 1 835, delegates from Port Lawrence Township, addressed a communication to Hon. Stevens T. Mason, acting governor of Michigan Territory, asking a special act of the legis- lature, authorizing the removal of the place for holding their town- ship meeting, because they apprehended a riot if the meet- ing was held in Toledo, “ the heart of the hot-bed of PAVILION AT OTTAWA PARK. WOODLAWN CEMETERY. Mason determined it should not be re-marked. Governor Lucas brought to his aid 600 Ohio militia, they going into camp at Fort Miami. Militia in other parts of the State were organizing for the fray. Lhider the direction of Governor Mason of Michigan, General Joseph W. Brown organized a force of 1,200 men for Michigan. The country became wild with excitement, and if everything had been left to the two governors, a collision would have been inevitable. Governor Lucas was about to cross the Fulton line with his troops and take possession of 1 oledo. Then came two commis- sioners, Hon. Richard Rush and Colonel Howard, sent by President Jackson, to use their personal influence as peacemakers. With them also came the Hon. Elisha disaffection.” The request was granted, and as previously stated, the meeting was held at the Ten Mile Creek school house. On the other hand, many of the leading settlers determined to remain in Toledo, and to sustain the jurisdiction of Ohio. The allegiance of the settlers being thus divided, resistance was made to the execu- tion of civil process and to the collection of taxes under either authority. Fierce encounters between the contending partisans were of almost daily occur- rence. A meeting in the Phillips Tavern at Tre- mainsville broke up in a fight and general row. In the spring of 1835, Governor Lucas deter- mined to run and re-mark the Harris line, and Governor THE BOOK OF OHIO. '.no PAVILION AT WALBRIDGE PARK. Whittlesey. ( )n the 7th of April, after several conferences with both governors, the following propositions were submitted by them : I. “ d hat the Harris line should be run and re-marked, pursuant to an act of the last session of the legislature of Ohio, without interruption. 2. “The civil elections, under the laws of Ohio, through- out the disputed territory, having taken place, that the people residing upon it should be left to their own government, obeying the one jurisdiction or the other, as they may prefer, without molestation from the authorities of Ohio or Michigan, until the close of the next session of Congress.” Governor Lucas accepted the proposals of the commis- sioners, and disbanded his troops. Governor Mason, how- ever, declined them. A few days afterwards General Brown was in Toledo with a sherifl’s posse of 100 men, to arrest per- sons who had accepted ofiice under the .State of Ohio. Finally the governor of Ohio, April 26, DRIV^EWAY IN WALBRIDGE PARE. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 91 1 CONSERVATORY, WALBRIDGE PARK. Started a surveying party to run the Harris line. William McNair, under-sheriff of Lenawee County, Michigan, arrested nine of the Ohio party in their camp, and took them before a justice at Tecumseh. This stopped survey proceedings. Benjamin F. Stick- ney, George McKay, Judge Wil- son and others, were also arrested at Toledo, by Michigan officers. Andrew Palmer, editor of the Toledo “ Gazette,” and a warm partisan of Ohio, had a narrow escape by instant flight. Governor Lucas was be- coming impatient and chagrined at the situation. Ohio had failed to run and re-mark the Harris line, while many Ohio partisans were languishing in Michigan jails, or were subjected to the humiliation of giving bail for their appearance before Michi- gan criminal courts. His next move was to hold a court. September 7, 1835, was the day IN WALBRIDGE PARK, 012 THE BOOK OF OHIO. WALBKIDCE PAKK. fixed by the Ohio legislature. The Ohio troops had been dis- persed. General Brown, with his 1,200 Wolverines, was on the alert. He was determined to cap- ture the court officers, and thus prevent the court being held. So he sent Captain Warner Wing with lOO men to occupy Toledo, with orders to watch the judges and arrest them if they attempted to hold court. Jona- than II . Jerome was the senior associate judge. Three judges constituted a quorum. Governor Lucas sent his adjutant general, Samuel C. Andrews, to advise with the judges and officers, and to back up the holding of the court. The adjutant general directed Colonel Van Fleet to call out his regiment. The colonel called, and lOO men responded. This was on Sunday, the 6th of September. All kinds of rumors were afloat regarding the Michigan soldiers in the town ready for the test. In this emergency Colonel Van Fleet offered to be responsible for the safety of the persons of the judges, and to insure the holdingof the court, if they would obey his orders. 1 le said : “ The /th day of September will commence at mid- night. No hour is sj^ecified in the law when the court should b(* o[jened. Governor Lucas wants the court held, so that l)y its record he can show to the world that he has executed the laws of Ohio within the disputed territory, in spite of the WOODLAWN CEMETERY. WAEBRIDGE PARK. vaporing threats of Governor Mason. If we furnish him that record, we shall have done all that is required. Be ready to mount at i o’clock a. ]\i. for Toledo. I will be ready with an escort and protect you.” The Wolverines in Toledo under Captain Wing, closed their eyes in undisturbed slumber that Sabbath evening, and did not awaken until after day had dawned on the 7th. But long before that time the first term of the Court of Common Pleas of Lucas County had been held. It opened about 3 o’clock Monday morning, September 7, 1835, dis- patched business more rapidly and closed quicker than any held since that time. The judges and officers of the court were escorted by 20 armed men under com- mand of Matthias Van Fleet, THE BOOK OF OHIO. 913 colonel of the First Regiment, Second Brigade of the Seventeenth Division of CFiio militia. The court was held in the school house which stood where Washington Street crossed the canal. This is the record of the proceedings : “ State oe Ohio, Lucas County, ss : At a Court of Common Pleas, begun and held at the court house in Toledo, in said county, on Monday, the 7th day of September, A. D. 1835, present: the Hon. Jonathan H. Jerome, sen., associate judge of said county, their Honors Baxter Bowman and William Wilson, associate judges. The court being opened in due form by the sheriff of said county, Horatio Conant being appointed clerk of said court, exhibited his bond with sureties accepted by the court, agreeably to the statute in such case made and provided. The court appointed John Baldwin, Robert Gower and Cyrus Holloway, commissioners for said WOODLAWN cemetery. along the western boundary is 2 1 miles. The principal water courses of the county are the Maumee River, the Ottawa River and Swan Creek. In pursuance of their appointment by the first court held in and for Lucas County, the commissioners, John Bald- win, Robert Gower and Cyrus Holloway, met and organized as a board, in Toledo, for the first time, Monday, September 14, 1835, and appointed Samuel M. \ oung, county auditor; Eli Hubbard, county treasurer, and Frederick Wright, county recorder. The holdincr of this first o court on that special date was deemed absolutely necessary to uphold the dignity of Ohio. The Ohio legislature, on the 20th of June previously, had solemnly enacted a law that “the Court of county. No further business being before the court, the court adjourned without delay. J. 11 . Jerome, Associate Judge.” This brief, primitive record marks the time when Lucas County became an organized body under the laws of Ohio. It was formed from portions of Wood and Sandusky Counties, with Toledo as the temporary seat of justice. Its eastern boundary is Lake Erie. It is joined on the south by Ottawa and Wood Counties, with the Maumee River forming a large extent of its southern boundary. Fulton County bounds it on the west, and Michigan on the north. Its area is 420 square miles. Its extreme length from east to west, along what was known as the “ Fulton line,” is 36 miles. Its breadth ONE OF THE IRON ORE HANDLING PLANTS OF THE HOCKING VALLEY RAILWAY. WALBRIDGE PARK. 014 THE BOOK OF OHIO. r FOUNDRY OF THE NATIONAL MALLEABLE CASTINGS COMPANY. Common Pleas in said county should be holden on the first Mon- day of the next September.” This was undoubtedly taken responsive to an act passed by the Legislative Council of the Territory of Michi- gan, February lo, 1835. That act was entitled, “an act to prevent the organization of a foreign juris- diction within the limits of the Territory of Michigan.” This act imposed a fine of $1,000 and five years in prison for any one who would officiate or accept an office by virtue of any commission not derived from the Territory of Mich- igan or the United States. That a court had been held in obedience to the law-making power of Ohio, and that, too, in the midst of a hostile force to prevent that very thing, was a cause of much rejoicing and hilarity. When court adjourned, officers and escort went to a tavern kept by Munson I I. Daniels, about where the Merchants’ Hotel is on St. Clair .Street, registered their names and took a tlrink all around. While discussing the events of the night, they were making preparations for a second drink around, when some one exclaimed, “the Michigan soldiers are coming.” riiat second drink was not taken. They scattered, they scampered, helter-skelter they sprang for their horses. There was mounting in hot haste, and away they went. About a mil(' distant the tall hat of the clerk of the WOODLAWN CEMETERY. A PAIR OF FINE ROADSTERS. court collided with the limb of a tree, and that hat contained the minutes of the court. This mis- hap halted the party. After brief consultation, it was resolved to return at any risk and secure those documents. It was unani- mously decided that after all the trouble they had undergone to hold a court would be of no avail whatever if no record could be shown, and it was concluded that no record could be made without the minutes. After some patient search, to their great relief, the hat and the minutes of the court proceedings were found. They celebrated their good luck at once by two volleys from their guns. That noise awakened the sleeping infantry of Michigan’s army, and was the first notice they had an Ohio court had been held in their midst during their watch on what they claimed as their territory. THE BOOK OF OHIO, 915 A STREET IN ROSSFORD. A suburb of Toledo, when two 3’ears old, and where the Ford Glass Works are located. ROSSFORD, FROM CINCINNATI, HAMILTON A DAYTON RAILROAD. THE WYANHOTTE BUILDING, COLUMBUS John G. Deshler, Owner. - V'V If » J H 1 1 1 r CHAPTER XXIII. THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. N THE month of August in the year of 1797, Lucas Sullivant, a prominent surveyor of Kentucky, who originally came into the Northwest Territory for the purpose of locating land warrants in the Virginia Military District, laid out a town on the west bank of the Scioto River, near the point of its confluence with the Olentangy, and about 90 miles north of the mouth of the Scioto, which he named Franklinton, in honor of Benjamin Franklin, the great philosopher, statesman and patriot. When the State of Ohio was organized, this town was included in what was called Ross County. In the month of April, 1803, when the county of Franklin was erected and organized, Franklinton was made the county seat. Between the years 1804 and 1812 it grew to considerable size and importance, and in the War of 1812- 1815 it became the center of military operations and the rendezvous lor troops. At that time the prediction was freely made that it would eventually become the state capital by reason of its geographical location, instead of Chillicothe, where the state capital was then located. During the session of the legislature of 1809-1810 a commis- sion of five persons, consisting of General James Findlay, General Rezin Beall, Judge Wyllys Silli- man, Joseph Darlington and William McFarland, was appointed to investigate and recommend a suitable site as the permanent state capital. Among the various places visited by the commissioners was Franklinton, and they, considering the location as in danger from the river floods, recommended as more favorably located a point 1 2 miles further up the river, which is now the site of the little town of Dublin. But in the meantime a number of gentlemen who had purchased a large tract of land near Franklinton, LOOKING NORTH ON HIGH STREET. 018 THE BOOK OF OHIO. X BIRDSEYE VIEW FROM GRE ATSSOUTHERN HOTEL. Looking northeast. GREAT SOUTHERN HOTEL, SOUTH HIGH STREET. on the east side of the river opposite, on what was known as the “ high bank of the Scioto,” agreed to obviate the objections raised against the west side, to lay out a new town on their pur- chase, and offer liberal induce- ments to the legislature for making it the capital of the State. In 1 8 lo- 1 8 1 1 and i8 1 i - i8i2, when the state capital was temporarily located at Zanesville, on the falls of the Muskingum River, a company composed of Messrs. Lyne Starling, James Johnson, Alexander McLaughlin and John Kerr, proposed to the legislature, then in session there, that if that body “ would estab- lish the permanent seat of govern- ment on the east bank of the Scioto River, north latitude 39° 57', west longitude 6°, in town- ship 5, range 22, of the Refugee THE BOOK OF OHIO. 919 LOOKING SOUTH FROM STATE HOUSE. Lands, and commence its sessions there on the first Monday of December, 1S17, they would: First. Lay out a town on the lands aforesaid, on or before the first of July, 1812, agreeably to a plan presented to the legislature. Second. Convey to the State by general warranty deed, in fee simple, such square of said town of the contents of ten acres or near it, for public buildings, and such lot of ten acres, for the penitentiary and dependencies, as a director, or such person or persons as the legislature should appoint, might direct. Third. Erect and com- plete a state house, offices and penitentiary, and such other buildings as should be directed by the legislature to be built, of stone and brick, or of either, the work to be done in a workman- like manner, and of such size and dimensions as the legislature should require, the penitentiary and dependencies to be com- pleted on or before the first of January, 1815, and the state house and offices on or before the first Monday of December, 1817. When the buildings should be completed, the legislature and the company, reciprocally, should appoint workmen to examine and value the whole buildings, which valuation should be binding; and if it did not amount to $50,000, the company should make up hartman building, main and fourth streets. THE BOOK OF OHIO. ENTRANCE TO UNION PASSENGER STATION. such deficiency in such further buildinofs as should be directed by law ; but if it exceeded the sum of $^0,000, the legislature should remunerate the company in such a way as it might think just and equitable.” The proposition of Star- ling & Company was afterward so modified that they agreed to execute the grants described, provided the legislature would fix the seat of government, where they asked it, until the year 1840. On the 14th of February, 1812, an act was passed, in which it was declared that the penal bond of the Starling Company for the faithful performance of its proposals should be accepted, and that the seat of government should be fixed on the land described in those proposals, and that the legislature “should com- mence its sessions thereat on the first Monday of December, 1817, and there continue until F. AND R. LAZARUS & COMPANY. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 921 JONES, WITTER & COMPANY’S WHOLESALE HOUSE. the first Monday of May, 1840, and from thence until otherwise provided for by law.” Mr. Joel Wright, a prom- inent citizen, was chosen as director, and fully empowered to superintend the execution of the proposals of the Starling Company, composed of the gentlemen above named, and to see that the company laid the town in strict conformity with the plan agreed upon, and recorded a plat of the same in the office of the recorder of Franklin Count}’ on or before the first day of July, 1812. In accordance with this agreement a town was laid out in the spring of the year 1812, and named Columbus, in honor of Christopher Columbus, the discoverer of America. The streets and alleys of this new town, which were fully delineated and described in its recorded plat, were surveyed through a dense primeval forest. They were not run precisely according to the cardinal points, but crossed each other at right angles, bear- ing; 1 2 degfrees west of north, and 12 degrees north of east. One of the streets, now High Street, was 100 feet wide, and another, which is Broad Street, was 120 feet, and the remaining streets were 83 feet. The width of the intervening alleys were fixed at 33 feet. The in-lots were surveyed with a frontage of 62J4 feet, with a depth of 187J4 feet. A public sale of lots was advertised for the i8th of June, 1812. The sale was begun on that day and continued daily until the 21st of the month. A comparatively few lots were sold on High and Broad streets at prices ranging from $200 to $1,000 each. But the sale was any- thing but a success, and the prospects of the future capital of the State were anything but flattering. At that time the only spot of cleared land on the town plat was an insignificant spot on Front Street where State Street intersected it. There was ENTRANCE TO CITY PARK. THE BOOK OF OH JO. a narrow bit of a field on the river bank, near the terminus of what is now Rich Street east of the river, a field in front of the present site of the penitentiary, and another on Mound Street, near one of the most beautiful mounds of the Scioto Valley, which long- since has disappeared in response to the resistless march of progress. A few frame cabins were erected in 1813 and 1814, but none of the streets of Columbus were fairly opened before 1816, when $200 were raised by sub- scription to dig the stumps out of High Street and the principal squares and haul them into piles and burn them as signal fires of public spiritedness. A local census was taken in 1815, and by it it appeared that Columbus had a population of 700, “a few more or a few less.” There were then in the town six stores, one printing office, from which the first Columbus newspaper, the “Western Intelligencer,” was issued, three taverns, two doc- tors, four lawyers, one private school, one church, the First Presbyterian, a primitive frame building on Spring Street, and a frame market house in the middle of High Street, immedi- ately south of Rich. On the 17th of February, 1816, the legislature, then assembled at Chillicothe, to which city it had been adjourned after 1812, passed an act declaring that after the second ruesday of October succeeding, the seat of government should be established at the town of Columbus, and that the state officers shoukl remove from Chillicothe to the rooms there prepared for them, the property and papers under their charge. This act was in effect an acceptance of the state buildings which had been erected under the Starling Com- pany contract. The State House was placed at the southwest corner of the Public .Square. The foundation was dug in 1813, (the year in which a postoffice for Columbus was first opened) and the building was completed in 1814. It was built of brick, with freestone door and window sills, and extended 75 feet north and south along High Street, and 50 feet east and west along State Street. It was two stories high, with a square roof, ascending to a balcony in the center, which was surmounted with a spire, the top of which rose 106 feet from the ground; on two sides of the balcony were protected walks, from which a fair view of the young capital and its environs was afforded. The main entrance was in the middle of the south end (from State Street. ) Stairs to the right and left led to the Senate Chamber. The Representatives’ Hall was on the GREEN, JOYCE N COMPANY BUILDING. GOODALE PARK. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 923 first floor, in the north end of the building. There was a west door from the Representa- tives’ Hall leading to High Street, also an east door opening into the Public Square. In 1815 a two-story brick building, 150 feet long and 25 feet deep, was erected on the Public Square fronting High Street. It stood in a direct line about 60 feet north of the State House. The main entrance was in the centt r on High Street, from which winding stairs led to the rooms of the second story. The penitentiary lot, donated by the Starling Company, was situated in the south- western corner of the town, west of Front Street and south of Friend. The building was erected in 1813. It was built of brick, front- ing on Scioto Street, 60 feet long by 30 feet wide. It had three stories, including a base- ment, and contained 13 cells, four dark and nine light. The prison yard was 100 feet square, and was surrounded with a stone wall about 18 feet high. The removal of the public property from Chillicothe to Columbus was promptly accomplished as prescribed by the law, already cited, and on the first Monday of December, 1817, the General Assembly for the first time convened and organized in the permanent capital of the State. The Public, or State House Square, was then but partially cleared, and for several years the clearings proceeded, and crops of corn and wheat were raised and harvested on it. When, about the year 1820, all the forests had been cleared away from the State House Square, and the Virginia worm rail fence had fallen into a condition of dilapidation, it became a common, overgrown with weeds, briars and thistles. MCALLISTER, MOHLER ife COMPANY. In 1816 the town was first incorporated and given a municipal government. In the same year a bridge was constructed across the Ohio River, near the site of the subsequent National Road Bridge, on West Broad, under a charter granted to Lucas Sullivant by the General Assembly. In the same year the Franklin Bank, the first in Columbus, was established, the first Sunday school was opened, and the first mail communication by stage coach between the new and the old capital at Chillicothe was established. On January, 29, 1817, the legislature provided by law for a settlement with the Starling Company, and in accordance with its provisions the State paid $33,000 in fulfillment of the contract under which the state buildings o were constructed. At this vote the prospects of Columbus were auspicious for growth and improvement, and these auspices continued for some three years, but beginning with the year 1820 and continuing until 1826, times were WHOLESALE ROW, SPRING AND FRONT STREETS. THE BOOK OF OHIO. DIM CZ i r c O : f Ff-r '77 rrs [rTfpBBFF^ ■P ! ! gy lesw f7 I — ~-r!T~ Ti ' r FF Esensi r r = ^rmr EBEKLY BLOCK, HIGH STREET. dull and stringent, so much so, indeed, that the town would have fallen into decay, had it not been tor the life and energy injected into it by the annual meetings of the General Assembly. The chief event between 1817 and 1820 was the erection of a new brick penitentiary in 1818. The structure was 150 feet long by 34 feet wide, two stories high, with 59 cells, four of which were dark. The peni- tentiary yard was enlarged so that it extended about 400 feet ^east and west and 160 feet north and south. It was enclosed by a stone wall 20 feet high and three feet thick. Workshops for the convicts were erected within the enclosure, and blacksmith- ing, wagon making, coopering, cabinet making, gunsmithing, tailoring and weaving were carried on under the superin- tendence of the officers of the prison. In 1820, an enterprise which had been vigorously urged against the stern opposition of many was consummated, by which the citizens of Columbus secured the removal of the United States Court House from Chillicothe to Columbus, and a brick court house was erected on the Public Square, fronting High Street, a short distance north of the public offices. The legislature appropriated the uncurrent funds in the treasury on the Miami Exporting Company, and the sum then neces- sary to pay the cost of the building was raised by subscription among the citizens of Colum- bus. In 1824 the county seat of government was removed from Franklinton, and the county court was held in the Federal Court House. The next year after Columbus became the capital of its county, a law was passed pro- vitling lor a general system of schools in Ohio, and a common school was opened in a frame building on Front Street. The legislature which passed the school law referred to, pro- vided for a general system of internal improve- ments. Columbus did not directly share in the advantages of the canals as laid out and begun in 1825, but in 1826 it was determined that a lateral branch should be cut, 1 1 miles long, from the Ohio Canal at Fockbourne, to the capital. The work of excavation was com- menced on the 30th of April, 1827. WOLF BROTHERS’ SHOE FACTORY. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 925 THE MONYPENY-HAMMOMH COMPANY, WHOLESALE GROCERS. A census, taken in the spring of 1826, showed that Columbus contained about 200 houses, and 1,400 inhabitants; five common schools, and one seminary; three meetinghouses, Presbyterian, Methodist and Lutheran ; ten general stores ; one bank ; three printing offices, from each of which a weekly newspaper was issued; one book bindery, and a “ commodious brick market house,” situated on State Street, immediately west of High Street. Several additions had been made to the town plat; buildings of a permanent char- acter had been constructed on the principal streets near the Public Square ; property began to increase in value, and immigra- tion became noticeable. In April, 1829, the number of inhabitants was 2,014, showing an increase of 600 in three years ; over 100 buildings had been erected in the same period, making more than 300 then in the town; the number ^ of general stores had been in- creased to twelve, and the number of churches to four — the last one being for an Episcopal congregation — the Trinity, vhich had been organized in 1817. The period between 1830 and 1838 was a prosperous one lor Columbus. The Ohio Canal branch was com- pleted in 1831 ; the National Road had been surveyed; and the Scioto bridge, which now stands, was begun in 1832. In 1832 a city charter was granted, and in the same year the State House Square was transformed into something a little better than a common by a picket fence, constructed under the superintendence of 1 Ion. Alfred Kelly, who then planted the now stately elm trees which shade its northern, eastern and southern fronts. On the I rth of P'ebruary. 1832, the building of a new, and substantially the present penitentiar)', was authorized and a lot of 15 acres having been donated by the citizens of Columbus, fronting on the east bank of the Scioto River on Spring Street, was com- menced. It was completed and occupied in 1834, having accommodations for 700 con- victs, and ample room for work shops and hospital accommo- dations. It has since been enlarged to five or six times its original accommodations and capacities. In 1834 the building of the Deaf and Dumb Institu- tion, the construction of which THE JEFFREY MANUFACTURING COMPANY. was authorized bv an act of HAYDEN BUILDING, BROAD STREET. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 927 the legislature in 1S37, was entered upon on Town Street. The present magnificent modern buildings occupy the site where the original building was erected. In 1835 the foundation of the Lunatic Asylum on East Broad Street was laid. This building was subsequently destroyed, and the magnificent State Hospital on the western outskirts of the city was erected in its stead. In 1837 the Institution for the Blind was determined upon. In the same year work was in progress at the doors of the city on the National Road, which did much to give the city importance and push it forward. In the mean- time all the roads leading into the city were improved ; new streets were laid out and opened, old ones were partially paved ; additions were made to the town plat, and there was a general improvement in the style of busi- ness buildings and dwelling houses. The population of the city had passed the 6,000 mark, and there were 25 dry good stores, six drug stores, three boot and shoe stores, three hardware stores, and a very large number of other small business places. There were five churches, representing the Presbyterian, Methodist, Lutheran, Episcopal and Baptist denominations. There were 12 lawyers, 12 physicians, two weekly newspapers, one dentist, one semi-monthly medicine journal, and one monthly temperance paper. In 1840 the county courts were removed from the Eederal Court House to a new building provided for them on the corner of High and Mound Streets. About the year 1840 a serious check was given to the growth of Columbus, not- withstandinor the fact that o STARLING MEDICAL COMPANY, STATE AND SIXTH STREET. ■— -H-Tral THE CENTRAL OHIO PAPER COMPANY, EAST GAY STREET. the legislature which sat in 1837-1838 had ordered the construction of a new State House, and that the corner stone was laid on the Eourthof July in 1839. In March, 1840, an act was passed suspending work on the new State House, before any part of the foundations appeared above ground, and this, together with the failure of active business men to prosecute improvements which had been con- templated, caused real estate to depreciate in value. In 1840 the popu- lation numbered 6,048. For two or three years thereafter the increase was small, but business then revived, improve- ments were begun, immi- gration was significant, THE BOOK OF OHIO. 9i'8 HOAKD OF TRADE BUILDING, BROAD STREET. HOSTER BLOCK, HIGH STREET. and in 1848 the population was enumerated and recorded as 12,804, which 1,007 were colored people. In 1846 an act was passed providing- for the resumption of work on the new State House, and at the close of the year 1848 the walls were six feet higher than the level of the ground. In 1849 the arches for the first floor were turned, and the walls for the basement were completed. A liberal system of common schools had been provided for in a local act passed in 1845, 1846 three brick school houses were erected. To these have since been added a new brick building on Fourth Street, between Mound Y. M. C. A. BUILDING. OPPOSITE STATE CAPITOL. and South Streets; the excellent High School building on the corner of Sixth and Broad Streets; also a colored school, under the supervision of Mr. Poindexter. The schools are an honor, and the buildings an ornament to the city. At the close of the year 1847 the city contained 19 churches, and in 1850 its population was shown by the national census to be 17,811. Beginning in 1850 to recover from embarrassments which had retarded its prosperity for four or five years, the growth of the city has since been steady, and the improve- ments, both on the part of the authorities and of the citizens, valuable, especially since 1855. On the 26th of February, 1850, the Columbus & Xenia Railroad was opened, and on the first day of Pebruary, in 1851, an excursion train was run from Columbus to Cleveland. On the 15th of May, 1850, the privilege of the streets was granted to a gas company organized in 1846. In 1853 a High School building was erected on State Street, east of Fifth, and in the same year a medical school was opened in the Starling Medical College, on the southeast corner of State and Sixth Streets. In February of that year the old State I louse was destroyed by fire, and the General Assembly was convened in halls on High Street until THE BOOK OF OHIO. 929 NEIL HOUSE, ACROSS FROM STATE CAPITOL. January, 1857, when the new State House was occupied, by both the state officers and the legislature. In the spring of 1852 the Central Ohio Railroad was opened, and on the 4th of July, 1853, an excursion train was run from Colum- bus to Urbana. In 1857 an Asylum for Idiots was added to 'the State institutions, and a school opened in a building opposite to the Blind Asylum. In 1858 the old buildings were all removed from the Public Square, and an iron fence was constructed around the western half. The next year the Square was graded and trees and shrubbery were planted in that portion which had been permanently fenced. Before the legislature met in i860, paved walks had been con- structed from the main gates to the State House on all but the eastern side. The legislature of i860 passed a law declaring the State House completed, though the Library Hall, the rotunda, and one of the courts, were unfinished. Provision was made, however, for the prosecution of the work, and the State House, excepting the Library Hall, is, in fact, com- pleted. It is a Doric building, constructed of cut stone, 304 feet in length and 184 feet wide (in- cluding terraces, 340 feet long and 220 feet wide.) The cornice is 58 leet from the ground line, and the cap of the dome 158 feet. The diameter of the rotunda on the floor is 64 feet, and the dis- tance from the floor to the eye of the rotunda, 1 20 feet. From the basement to the cupalo roof are 207 steps. The watertable, or portico, has recently been ascer- tained to be 80 feet above the level of the river. The building o UNITED STATES BARRACKS. 1)30 THE BOOK OF OHIO. contains 88 rooms. The entire expenditure for it, up to the 1 5th of November, 1861, was $1,359,121.45, it having been 1 5 years in building, deducting the intervals during which the work was suspended. In 1899-1901 an extensive addi- tion was built on the east front. From that time forth the growth of the city was constant and suffered but slight inter- ruptions. The population in 1840 was 6,251, and it ranked third in population. In 1850, 17,811, and was still third. In i860, 25,227, and it again ranked third. In 1870, 31,551 : in 1880, 52,194; in 1890, 88,150, and in 1900, 125,560, Toledo putting it in fourth rank with 131,822. The first State House was of brick, and was located at the southwest corner of the present grounds. Other brick buildings along High Street furnished accommodations for the state officers and courts. The old buildings burned com- pletely out early on Sunday morning, February i, 1852, evi- dently the work of an incendiary. It had become an eye-sore, was delaying the completion of the new edifice, and no inquiry was made to fix the identity of the incendiary. The COKNKK OAY AND SOUTH STREETS. question of greatly enlarging or entirely rebuilding the present State House is mooted. •State institutions at Columbus. — The Columbus Asylum for the Insane lies two miles west of the State House, and is surrounded by 300 acres of ground. The Institution for the Ifducation of the Deaf and Dumb is at the corner of Town Street and Washington Avenue. The Insti- tution for the Fducation of the Blind is at the corner of Main ■Street and Parsons Avenue. The Institution for the Educa- tion of P'eeble Minded \Muth is located on a large tract of INTERIOR FIRST NATIONAL BANK. AUDITORIUM, Where state conveutions are held. land one mile and a half west of the State House. The Ohio Penitentiary, with a capacity of 2,000 or more prisoners, is located in the city, on the east bank of the Scioto. All capital sentences in the State are executed at the penitentiary. The Ohio State University, a distinctively State institution, is located in the northwestern portion of the city, with several hundred acres of farm land surrounding it. The cost of construction of these buildings is placed at $6,500,000. Being the State capital, Columbus naturally attracted many public men of eminence, who became permanently or tem- porarily residents. The most of these figure in the general history of the State, rather than in the local history of Columbus. Of course they all contributed more or less to the growth and importance of the capital, and the records of their lives are more or less interwoven with its annals. THE BOOK OF OHIO, 931 TOWN STREET, LOOKING EAST. General Jeremiah McLene of Ross, and later of Franklin, was not only one of the leading Democrats, but one of the lead- ing public men of the State dur- ing the first 30 years of its history. He entered public life in 1807 as a member of the House of the Sixth General Assembly, representing Ross, Franklin and Highland. He served a single term. He was active in the militia organization, and became a major general. He served as secretary of state for 23 years consecutively, hav- ing been elected by the legis- lature in 1808, and re-elected seven times in succession, to terms of three years each. In 1832 he was elected to the Twenty-third Congress from the Eighth District, comprising Franklin, Madison, Pickaway, Delaware and Marion Counties, TOWN STREET LOOKING WEST, THE BOOK OF OHIO. WYANDOTTE GKOVE. and was re-elected from the same district to the Twenty-fourth Congress in 1834. lie was an elector on the Jackson ticket in 1832. General McLene was born in Pennsylvania in 176; WYANDOTTE GROVE SPRING. In early life he emigrated to the Territory of Tennessee, where, as a boy, he became acciLiainted with and warmly attached to General Andrew Jackson. P'rom Tennessee he came to Ohio. He died at Washington, D. C., March 19, 1837, from a cold contracted while attending the inauguration of President Martin Van Buren. Joseph Ridgway represented Franklin County in the House during the Twenty- seventh and Twenty-ninth General Assem- blies. He was chosen to the Twenty-fifth Congress in 1836 from the Eighth District, comprising Franklin, Madison, Pickaway, Delaware and Marion Counties, and was re- elected from the same district to the Twenty- sixth in 1S38, and to the Twenty-seventh in 1840. He was a native of Staten Island, New York, where he was born May 6, 1783, and came to Ohio when a young man, and was identified with the interests of the State for over 40 years, up to the time of his death. He was largely engaged in manufactures at Columbus. THE BOOK OF OHIO. U33 Herman A. Moore of Franklin County, was elected to the Twenty-eighth Congress in 1842 from the Tenth District, Franklin, Lick- ing and Knox Counties, and died in 1844, before the expiration of his term, and was suc- ceeded by Alfred P. Stone. He was born in Plainfield, Vermont, in 1810, and came to Ohio when a young man, and served as adjutant general of the State for a brief period. He died in Columbus, April 3, 1844. Alfred P. Stone was chosen to the vacancy caused by the death of Herman A. Moore in the Twenty-eighth Congress, in 1844, from the Tenth District, as above. On the 15th of June, 1856, William H. Gibson resigned the office of treasurer of state, and Mr. Stone was immediately appointed to the vacancy by Governor Salmon P. Chase. At the October election, 1857, he was elected as a Republican to the same office over James R. Morris, Democrat, by a vote of 160, 61S to 158,942. At the October election, 1859, he was re-elected over William Bushnell, Democrat, by a vote of 184,567 to 170,413. He served for a period of five years in the office. Mr. Stone was born in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, on the 28th of June, 1813, and came to Ohio when a young man. He died in Columbus, Ohio, August 2, 1865. Samuel Galloway was born in Gettys- burg, Pennsylvania, March 20, iSii, and located in Columbus in early life, where he OLD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, THIRD STREET. SPAHR BUILDING, BROAD STREET. rose to distinction as a lawyer and an orator. He was a Whig, and afterward a Republican, and while a recognized leader in these parties, never sought for the distinction of office, preferring the practice of his profession. He was noted for his incisive ability on the stump during the political campaigns for nearly a third of a century. He served a single term in Congress, being nominated by his party with- out solicitation, and was elected to the Thirt)'- fourth Congress in 1854 from the Twelfth, or Capital District, composed of Franklin, Lick- ing and Pickaway, which had elected Edison B. Olds, Democrat, at the preceding congres- sional election. Richard A. Harrison of Madison, and later of Franklin County, was born in Thirsk, England, April 8, 1824, and came to America in 1832, his parents locating at Springfield. He secured a thorough education, through his own efforts, and was admitted to the bar in 1846, and began the practice at London, Madi- son County. He represented Madison County in the House of the Fifty-third General Assembly, and the Eleventh Senatorial Dis- trict, Madison, Clarke and Champaign, in the Fifty-fourth. He was elected to the Thirty- second Congress in 1861, to fill the vacancy 934 THE BOOK OF OHIO. THE CHITTENDEN HOTEL, NORTH HIGH STREET. JAMES KILBOURNE’S RESIDENCE, EAST TOWN STREET. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 935 caused by the resignation of Thomas Corwin from the Seventh District, made up of the counties of Madison, Warren, Clinton, Greene and Fayette. He was appointed a member of the Supreme Court Commission by Governor Rutherford B. Hayes, but declined to serve. From London he removed to Colum- bus, where he successfully practiced law during the remainder of the century. He was a man of great force of character, and of a high order of ability. George L. Converse of Columbus, was born in Georgesville, Franklin County, Ohio, June 4, 1827, and died in Columbus in 1898. He was a lawyer of much ability, and a prominent Democratic leader for a quarter of a century. He attended the public schools, and graduated from the Dennison University, Granville, Ohio, in 1849. In 1851 he was admitted to the bar, and became a leading attorney, both in civil and criminal law. He represented Franklin County in the House of the Fifty-fourth, Fifty-fifth, Sixty-first, and Sixty-second General Assemblies, and was speaker of the body during the Sixty-second General Assembly. He was elected to the Forty-sixth Congress in 1878 from the Ninth District, Franklin, Pickaway, Madison, Fayette and Delaware Counties, and was re-elected to the Forty-seventh in 1880 from the same dis- trict. In 1882 he was elected from the Thirteenth District, Franklin, Fairfidd, Hocking and Perry Counties, to the Forty-eighth Congress, and joined with Democrats in defeating the Democratic tariff reform measures of that session. STATE FAIR VIEW. FOUNTAIN IN FRANKLIN PARK. Samuel J. Randall and other tariff His Democratic constituents refused him a fourth nomination, and he retired to private life. During the last ten years of his life he was not in active sympathy because of the tariff issue. David Kemper W atson of Columbus, was born on a farm near London, Madison County, Ohio, J une 18, 1849, and was graduated from Dickinson Col- lege, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in 1871. Two years later he was graduated from the law depart- ment of the University of Boston, and admitted to the bar. He was assistant United States attor- ney for the southern district of Ohio under the administration of President Chester A. Arthur, and in 1887 was unanimously nominated by the Republican state convention for attorney general of the State; was elected, and re-elected in 1889. In 1892 Attorney General Miller appointed him special counsel for the United States in the 986 THE BOOK OF OHIO. suits brought by the government against the Pacific railroads. In 1894 he was nominated and elected to the P'ifty-fourth Congress, as a Republican, from the Twelfth District, Franklin and Fairfield Counties. The district was largely Democratic, but he carried it over Joseph II. Outhwaite, Democrat, by a plurality ot 1,591, and was defeated in 1896 in the same dis- trict by less than 50 votes. In 1898 he was appointed by President McKinley as a member of the commis- sion to codify the laws of the United States. The concentration of troops at Columbus dur- ing the period of the Civil War contributed much toward the growth and expansion of Columbus, and with the return of peaceful conditions its growth and progress became marked. General business increased rapidly and manufacturers took on large proportions. COXOKKGATIONAL CHUKCU, EAST HEOAD STREET, d'he architecture of the city changed from that of its middle jK-riod, and became both modern and progressive. Its broad and n'gular streets afforded the opportunity 10 build up a city of great beaut)' and considerable magnificence. The lack of highlands and diversit)' of topography, as well as the absence of any considerable botlies of water in its immediate vicinity, militated somewhat against the beauty of suburban seats, which characterize some of the other larije cities of the State. BROAD STREET M. E. CHURCH. WESLEY CHAPEL, FOURTH AND BROAD STREETS. But its residential sections, as well as its outlying suburbs, contain many beautiful residences, and its business streets are being rapidly built up with massive and towering blocks, suited for various purposes. Its manufacturing establishments, the largest of which are in the outskirts, with many smaller ones in the more densely populated districts, number about 150. Some of these are the larg-est of their kind in the United States, and their products are sold in almost every market in the world. The average number of employes of all kinds is 10,000. The average annual amount of wages paid is ^4,425,000, and the total capital invested is $20,000,000, and the annual value of products is $25,000,000. The city stands on both banks of the Scioto and extends up the Olentangy, and with its immediate suburbs it is eight miles square. With reference to other important points, it is THE BOOK OF OHIO. 93 COUNTRY CLUB. io6 miles south of Sandusky ; 139 miles southwesterly of Cleve- land ; 148 miles west and south of Steubenville ; 184 miles south and west of Pittsburg, Pennsyl- vania ; 126 miles west of Wheel- ing, West Virginia ; 100 miles northwest of Marietta: 105 miles northwest of Gallipolis; 45 miles north of Chillicothe ; 90 miles north of Portsmouth ; 118 miles north of Marysville, Kentucky ; 1 20 miles northeasterly from Cincinnati; 129 miles south of Toledo : 68 miles northeast of Dayton; 45 miles east of Spring- field ; 59 miles west of Zanes- ville ; 175 miles due south of Detroit ; 450 miles due east of Philadelphia, and 500 miles east by south of New York. For 25 years it has shown a greater per capita wealth than any city in the Union. It is still e.xpanding its limits. Columbus has no water lines of communication. The Scioto was formerly navigable for batteaux, but it is so no longer. A branch of the Ohio Canal was once a line of transportation, but that was abandoned many years since. It is the great railway center of the State, the steam rail- ways radiating from it in every direction, like the spokes of a wheel, bringing every county seat and considerable town in the State within six hours of KILBOURNE, JACOBS MANUFACTURING COMPANY’S PLANT. UNITED STATES BARRACKS. it. The Big Pour, Baltimore N Ohio, and Pennsylvania Systems pass through the city and here connect with lines formino- the o system. The Hocking Valley and the Toledo & Ohio Central Systems connect it with the lake on the northwest and the Ohio River on the southeast. The Columbus, Sandusky N Hocking connect it with the coal fields in Perry, Muskingum, Hocking, Morgan and Athens Counties and with the lake at Sandusky. There are half a score of smaller lines entering the city, and a system of electric roads is being constructed in all directions. ).‘5,S THE BOOK OP OHIO. 'I'here are between 40 and 50 newspaj)ers, magazines and jjeriodicals i)i'inted in the city, devoted to almost as many matters, d'here have been over 200 publications of various kinds since the first made its appear- ance, but they have passed out of e.\istenc(% gi\’ing Columbus the title of the "Newspaper (irave \ ard.” The principal daily |ja[)ers are the " State lournal,” "The INmning Dis- patch,” " riie Citizen,” and the "Press-Post,” printed in Ifng- lish, and the " W'estbote ” and " ICxpress,” in Cierman. 'There are over 60 churches in Columbus, representing the baptist. Catholic, Congrega- tional, I )isciple, Iwangelical Association, P'riends, Jewish, Cierman, Independent Protestant, Lutheran, Methodist Episcopal, African Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, Welsh Presby- terian, United Brethern, Protest- ant Ifjjiscopal and Universalist denominations. Some of the church edifices are on a matrnih- cent scale, while the most of them are beautiful and com modious. Its schools corres- pond in number and excellence with its churches. The actual wealth of the city, real and per- sonal, is probably in excess of $ 1 50,000,000, although it appears on the tax duplicate at about DISPATCH BUILDING, HIGH STREET. one-half that amount. The total investments in manufacturing, mining, commercial and business enterprises, banking and general busi- ness will reach, if it does not exceed, $300,- 000,000. In the coal interest alone there are 25 firms and individuals interested in mining and shipping coal. They give employment to from 10,000 to 15,000 persons, according to the demands of the trade. Prom ^20,000,000 to ^25,000,000 is invested in the business. The average annual consumption of coal in Columbus is 2,500,000 tons, or more than one- fourth of the average annual coal production of the State. There is no better point where coal, iron and lumber, in combination, can be obtained for manufacturing purposes than in Columbus. It is also the center of a large iron and steel trade, and not less than ^20,000,000 of its capital is invested in the business. The manu- facture of buggies and other vehicles of all TOWN STREET CHURCH. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 939 OLD HAYDEN HOMESTEAD, SIXTH AND STATE STREETS. kinds is extensive and a score of firms are interested in it, and representing many millions of investments. This business gives employment to between 3,000 and 3,500 persons, men and women. The business of Columbus is cautious and conservative, and there is but little of the specula- tive character to be found except in ephemeral schemes, and gen- erally on a small scale. As a rule it has suffered less from financial panics than any other city of the same size. Its bank- ing capital is large and carefully handled. The city represents in a large degree the push and energy of the west and the culture and refinement of the east. Its pub- lic schools are equal to the best anywhere, and far in the lead of most cities. Among its educa- tional institutions are the Ohio State University, already referred to, three high schools, the Academy of St. Mary’s of the Springs, under the management of the Sisters of St. Dominic, the BROAD street from JEFFERSON AVENUE, LOOKING WEST. Josephiiiium, another Catholic 940 THE BOOK OF OHIO. KKSIUENCE OF ,|. II. OUTIIWAITE, EAST BKOAD STREET. institution, the Capital Univer- sity, conducted under the auspices of the Lutheran Church, the Starling and the Columbus Medi- cal Colleges, several business colleges, and other like institu- tions. Both literature and the fine arts flourish in the city. The principal libraries are ; The State Library, with over 60,000 volumes; the State Law Library, the Franklin County Law Library, the Public School Idbrary, and the City Library. St. Joseph’s Cathedral, on East Broad Street, is a magnifi- cent pile of brown stone, with the episcopal residence attached. Other splendid church edifices on this street are Trinity, with its Trinity House, Wesley Chapel, the Methodist Episcopal Church, the P^aptist Temple and the Presbyterian Church. The church property in the city aggregates ^2,500,000 in value, and the different churches represent a membership of nearly or (piite 40,000. The Government Building, near the State House, furnishes accommodations for the postoffice, the custom house, the pension office, the largest in the United States, and the Lbiited States courts. The government also main- tains a military post and station, surrounded with extensive grounds and embellished with handsome, substantial and a[)i)i'opriate buildings, for l)arracks and officers’ cjuarters. The court house and jail, on South Lligh Street, are among the most imposing and commodious in the State; its Board of Trade Building, on East Broad, is a large brown stone etlifice, especially designed for offices and members’ and officers’ rooms, with an immense auditorium, and its Union Station, where all the railways concentrate, is one of the most complete in any city. An immense Auditorium, on Goodale Street, near High, is capable of seating 8,000 people, and is used for conventions, military and society functions. Its theatres are num- erous and well patronized, and of handsome architecture. 'The .Square, on which the State House stands, is a mina- ture park of great beauty and attractiveness. Its three parks, Goodale, City and P'ranklin, are beautifully located in three oppo- site quarters of the city, well shaded and artistically laid out and kept. Its State Eair Grounds are amoiipf its great attractions, as are the two suburban parks, Olentangy and Minerva, and attract vast numbers of visitors durinof the summer and autumn. Columbus is the center of excursions from every section of the State at almost all seasons of the year, and a conservative esti- mate of the visitors annually ])laces the number largely in ■".Kcess of 3,000,000. residence of GEORGE I FOSTER, EAST BROAD STREET. I RINC'j THE FIRST DECADE of the Twentieth Century the State of Ohio has achanced rapidly in agricultural and manufacturing de\’eloi)mcnt. Her fair skies are darkened hy the smoke of nnadads of chimneys; her l)road acres are dotted with prosperous farms; thriving villages, towns and cities are to be encountered on every hand; her hnancial institu- tions are in a most prosperous condition; her mines are disgorging their hidden wealth; a network of steam and traction roads convey her products to the marts of the world; steamers plow the lakes and rivers of Ohio in response to the demands of commerce and business activity. Her edu- cational advantages are constantly improv- ing; every sect in Christendom worships within the boundries of the state, and her public school system is unexcelled. These are facts which make Ohio great — the most brilliant gem in the diadem of the Union. The prosperity and development of the State of Ohio during the latter half of the hrst decade of the Twentieth Century was interrupted by a diastrous panic, from which, how- ever, the industries and business interests of the state have quickly rallied. Politically, Ohio is the first state in the Union, and perhaps more potential in pul)lic affairs than even New York. As our fore- lathers said ot the Old Dominion, we may say of Ohio, “She is the mother of Statesmen and Presidents.’’ Of the Presidents of the United States, chosen by the Repul)lican party, all but three were born in Ohio, and four of them lived in this state at the time of their election to the highest office in the gift of the American })eoi)le. This reputation of being “the mother of Presidents,’’ Ohio has upheld again in 1908 when Ydlliam Howard Taft, of Cincinnati, was elected President of the United States. Ohio is a powerful commonwealth, (blessed in climate, rich in soil and abundant in natural resources. Less than one hundred and twenty-five years ago the territory comprised within the limits of the present State of Ohio was a wilderness — today from its wealth and population, it stands in the foremost rank among the states of our country. History furnishes no parallel to a growth and develop- ment as wonderful as this. The period between 1900 and 1910 has added to the popula- tion of the State of Ohio 609,576 inhabitants. The official census, taken l)y the Ihiited States Government, in 1900, ga\ e the Buckeye State a pojjulation of 4,157,545, while the official census of 1910 increased this number to 4,767,121. 44ie growth (4 the principal cities of the State during these ten years was remarkal)le. In 1900, Ohio i^ossessed but nine cities with a i)opulation of o\ er twent\'- five thousand, namely; Cleveland, Cincinnati, 4'oledo, Columbus, Dayton, 5’oungstown, Akron, Springfield and Canton. In 1910, the State of Ohio had f ourteen cities of this kind. Columbus, home of the umiox central life insurance company. which in 1900 was the fourth citv in the State, took third place in cincinn.mi 1910. Its population had grown during this time Irom 125,560 to 181,511, while Toledo’s pojmlation had only increased Irom 131,822 to 168,497. Furthermore, as Dayton had grown from 85,333 in 1900, t(j 116,577 in 1910. the State ot Ohio in the latter year could boast of the possession of five large cities with a population of more •J42 THE BOOK OF OHIO. than 100,000 each. While, with very few exceptions, all of the Ohio cities have gained in population during the last ten years, thirty-eight of the Ohio Counties show a loss in population in 1910 as com- pared with 1900, while the remaining hfty show gains. In some instances the loss is only slight. Cuyahoga County shows the largest increase, Franklin County is second, Hamilton County is third and Lucas County fourth. The thirty-eight counties which sustained a loss in popu- lati(m are Adams, Brown, Carroll, Cam- paign, Clermont, Clinton, Defiance, Gallia, Geauga, Green, Hancock, Hardin, Harri- son, Henry, Highland, Ihx'king, Holmes, Jackson, Lawrence, Logan, Madison, Meigs, Mercer, Monroe, Morgan, Morrow, Noble, Pickaway, Pike, Putnam, Ross, LInion, Van Wert, Vinton, Warren, Washington, Wood and Wyandot. d'he following are the official population figures for Ohio counties for 1910, with figures of the censuses of 1900 and 1890; COUNTY. IfflO 1900 1800 COUNTY. 1910 1900 1890 Adams 24,7a.d 20,328 20,003 Logan 30,084 30,420 27,386 Allan ati.aSO 47,970 40,044 Lorain 70,037 54,857 40,295 Ashland 22,ff7.a 21,184 22,223 Lucas 192,728 153,559 102,296 Ashtabula .y),547 51,ld8 43,0.55 Aladison 19,902 20,590 20,057 Athens 47,708 38,730 35,194 Mahoning 110,151 70,134 55,979 Auglaize 31,240 31,192 28,100 Marion 33,971 28,078 24,727 Helmonl 70,8.50 00,875 57,413 Medina 23,.598 21,958 21,742 Brown 24,832 28,237 29,899 Meigs 25,594 28,020 29,813 Butler 70,271 5(),S70 48,597 Mercer 27,530 28,021 27,220 Carroll 15,701 10,811 17,500 Miami 45,047 43,105 39,754 Champaign 2(),235 20,042 20,980 M(jnroe 24,244 27,031 25,175 (dark (i0,435 58,030 52,277 Alontgomery 103,703 130,140 100,852 (dermoiU 2i),551 31,010 3.3,553 Morgan 10,097 17,905 19,143 ( linton 23,080 24,202 24,240 Morrow 10,815 17,879 18,120 Columbiana 70,()10 08,590 .59,029 Muskingum 57,488 53,185 51,210 ( 'oshocton 30,121 29,337 20,703 Noble 18,001 19,400 20,753 C rawfoixl 34,030 33,915 31,027 Ottawa 22,300 22,213 21,974 ( 'uvahoga 037,425 439,120 300,970 Paulding 22,730 27,528 25,932 1 )arke 42,033 42,. 532 42,001 Perry 3.5,390 31,841 31,151 1 tefiance 24,408 20,387 25,7()0 Pickaway 20,1.58 27,010 26,959 1 telaware 27,182 20,401 27,180 Pike 15,723 18,172 17,482 Fade 38,327 37,0.50 35,402 Portage 30,307 29,240 27,868 Fairfield 30,201 34,2.50 33,030 Preble 23,834 23,713 23,421 Fajvttc 21,744 21,725 22,300 Putnam 29,072 32,52.5 30,188 h'ranklin 221,507 104,400 124,087 Richland 47,007 44,289 38,072 h'ulton 23,014 22,801 22,023 Ross 40,000 40,940 39,454 ( iallia 25,745 27,018 27,005 Sandusk}^ 35,171 34,311 30,617 ( ieauga 14,070 14,744 13,480 Scioto 48,403 40,981 35,377 ( '.reene 20,733 31,013 20,820 Seneca 42,421 41,103 40,869 ( '.uernscv 42,710 34,425 28,045 Shelby 24,003 24,025 24,707 1 lamilton 400,732 400,470 374,573 Stark 122,987 94,747 84,170 1 lancoek 37,800 41,093 42,503 Summit 108,2.53 71,715 54,089 1 lardin 30,407 31,187 28,030 Trumbull 52,700 40,501 42,373 1 larriscm 10,070 20,480 20,830 d'uscarawas .57,035 .53,751 46,618 1 lenry 25,110 27,282 25,080 Union 21,871 22,342 22,860 1 lighland 28,711 .30,982 20,048 Van Wert 29,119 30,304 29,671 1 locking 23,050 24,308 22,058 Vinton 1,3,000 15,330 16,045 1 lolmes 17,009 10,511 21,1.30 Warren 24,407 25,. 584 25,468 1 luron 34,200 32,330 31,040 Wdishington 45,422 48,245 42,380 Jackson 30,7t)l 34,248 28 408 Wayne 38,0.58 37,870 30,005 Jefferson 05,423 44,3.57 30,415 Wdlliams 2.5,108 24,053 24,897 Knox 30,181 27,708 27,000 Woy the use ol machines, ( )hi(3 leads all the other coal producing states. In 1908 there were 1,343 coal mining machines in op(,T'ation in the mines of Ohio. During the last ten years tlu‘ coal industry of the state has greatly dexelopt-d, as is e\ idenced by the fact that in 1900 the entire coal i)roduction of Ohio amounted to l)ut 18,988,150 short tons, Aalued at $19,292,246. The controlling inlluence in the coal production of Ohio in 1909 was the competition of the West Virginia coals with the Ohio i^roduct. Ohio is second only to Pennsylvania in the pro- duction of pig iron, as the mineral products of the state are second only to Pennsylvania in cpiantity and value of production. For the same reasons which effected the coal industry of the state, the amount of pig iron produced in Ohio in 1908 was only 2,861,325 long tons, against 5,250,687 long tons in 1907. Of the 73 blast OLD FIREPLACE THE BOOK OF OFIIO. 947 furnaces existing in Ohio, only 35 were in blast on the 1st of January, 1900. Since then a number of others have again taken up their activity. In 1908 the production of coke amounted to 159,578 against 270,677 short tons in 1907. This decrease was also due to the panic of the year previous. In the value of clay products Ohio ranks easily first among the other States. A great progress has been made in this line during the last ten years. WTile the \'alue of the clay products of Ohicj amounted to S18,504,628 imlOOO, it increased to the enormous sum of SSO.SdO.SSO in 1907, but, owing to the conditions caused by the panic, decreased again to 826,622,490 in 1908. The state regularly ranks first in sandstone ])roducts. Petroleum is one of the most important assets of the mineral wealth (jf the state. Its production reached its height at the beginning of the twentieth century, when, in the year of 1900, 22,362,730 barrels were pro- duced, \’alued at 824,091,601. Since then the output has gradually decreased, until in 1908 the production was only 10,858,797 barrels valued at $14,175,507, as against 12,207,448 barrels in 1907, \'alued at $14,769,858. Ohio has two large oil fields, the more important one, known as the “Lima Field,” is located in the Northwest- ern part of the state, and the other in Southeastern Ohio. Salt is a very important product of the State of Ohio. The value of its production in the year of 1900 amounted to $696,326. During the following 3 'ears it increased materially, for in 1907 the output was 3,851,243 barrels, valued at $979,078. The year following showed a decided decrease in the productiem of the article, when only 3,427,478 barrels, valued at $864,710 were produced in the saltworks of the state. In the production of portland cement, Ohio occupies a leading rank among the other states of the Lfnion. In this particular industry the panic of 1907 caused a great slump in the price of the article while the production increased. It amounted in 1907 to 1,151,176 barrels, at a value of $1,377,156, and in 1908 to 1,521,764 barrels, valued at $1,305,210. Other important mineral products of the State of Ohio are grindstones, coal products, building stone, sand, gravel and other materials used in the making of concrete, oil stones, whetstones, iron ores, p^vites, gyp- sum, natural cement and metallic paints. The panic of 1907 caused a great decrease in the production of these different articles, as is shown by the following figures; Value of mineral products of Ohio in 1907 §207,657,339 Value of mineral products of Ohio in 1908 134,499,335 K DUCAT ION. Decrease in production S 73,158,004 FISHERIES. Fish being a most important food article, the extensive fisheries of Ohio are an important factor business life of the State. The value of this product in 1908 amounted to $839,580. Of these products the most important in point of value was pike and perch, of which 8,625,100 valued at $288,380 were taken. Next in value was herring. The catch amounted to 4,792,200 pounds, at $146,930. Then came: German Carp §128,730 Pike and Pickerel 70,270 White Fish 60,010 Garfish and Bullheads 24,580 In the fish Inisiness of the state, were engaged in 1908, 830 independent fishermen, with 1,234 wage earning fishermen. The number of vessels was 54, \'alued at $186,650. in the pounds valued The public scluxtl system of the State of (fihio. at the end of the first decade of the twentieth century, was in a flourishing condition. In 1910 there were 2,543 school districts in the state, of these were 69 city school districts, 1,147 village and special school districts and 1,327 township school districts. The number of school houses in Ohio in that year amounted to 10,567, with a grand total of 25,966 schoolrooms, of which number boat load of lumber 3,065 were used for high school purposes. The total value of school property in the state is enormous, it amount- ing to the tremendous sum of $66,638,603. 948 THE BOOK OF OHIO. 4'hc teachin^^' f(a'cc' of the public schcjols of Ohio in 1909, consisted of 27,308 teachers, of which number 20,088 were cm])Ioycd the entire sc'hool year. I'he report of the state school commissioner for 1909 shows considc'i'able increase' in the inoiUhK’ wages of teachers during the last years of the first decade of the twentieth century, as will be seen by a comparison covering the last four years: In township districts the average number of weeks LIGIII House NCAR CEDAR POINT tauglit was 33, aiid in separate districts 35. In 1909 the I'lnimeration of school youth between the ages ol six and twenty-one years was 1,231,954; and the entire enrollment in the public schools for the same year was 825,193, ol which number 308,671 were in township dis- tricts. 4'he number of pupils in high schools was 73,317, 7,535 of whom were in township high schools. 'bhe total number of graduates from high schools in 1909 was 9,773, namely 4,235 boys and 5,738 girls. The township high .schools graduated 1,185, ol which 4'he total daily attendance in all schools was 656,788. 4'he total receijits for school purpose's for the year 1909 were $27,762,142.46, as follows: State Tax 8 2,1()(),7!)3,75 School bands. . 249,246.38 l.ocalTax., 20,825,729.64 Sale of Bonds 2,869,017.88 Fines, Licenses, I'uition, Fltc. 1,718,35.814 4'he total exitenditures for ail school itttrposes amounted to $25,011,361.94. EAST WALL OF FORT ANCIENT 4'ownship elementary schools — 1906 1907 1908 1909 Men . $40 $44 $44 $46 Women 37 42 43 45 4'ownshi]) high schools — Men . 70 72 75 77 Women 50 53 57 58 Separate district elementary schools— - 1906 1907 1908 1909 Men .$40 $52 $55 $55 Women . . 39 43 45 46 Separate district high schools — Men . 78 83 85 87 W'omen . 57 62 65 66 INSURANCE. Dttring the last ten years the insurance busine.ss in the State of Ohio has developed wonderfully. The Itusiness in Ohio is under supervision of the State Superintendent of Insurance, whose department has proved to be very efficient. According to the last annual report of the Insurance Commissioner, there were, on the 1st of January, 1910, 466 life insurance companies and associations of all kinds in the State, which held ad- mitted assets aggregating $1,963,983,010. The business in force on the first of January, 1900, aggregated $33,066,890,- 688 , com])ared with $56,861,186,827 on the 1st of January, 1909, being a gain of $23,794,298,139. The insurance laws of Ohio are ac- knowledged to be the best and strictest laws of any state in the U n ion. SCHOOL HOUSE. BRYAN. OHIO THE BOOK OF OHIO. 949 and no company is allowed to do business in Ohio unless being duly licensed by the State Insurance Depart- ment. During the hrst ten years of the new century, 216 companies and associations were licensed by the department, and 164 retired from the state, the net gain being 52. Certificates of compliance and licenses are required to be issued annually by the State Insurance Commissioner to all insurance companies operating in Ohio, and in addition, approximately 25,000 licenses are issued annually to agents representing companies of other States and foreign countries. There were 56 regular life insurance companies in the state, on the 1st of January, 1909. The aggregate premiums received during the year previous were S515,- 688,260.96, other receipts amounted to $175,474,002.01, which made a total income of $601,162,202.97. The ex- cess of income over disbursements during the year was $234,310,927.70. The disbursements to policy holders during the year aggregated $326,367,550.85, of which $193,402,446.08 was for death claims and matured endowments, and $132,965,104.77 for annuities, surrender values and divi dends; paid for supplementary contracts, $1,873,639.46, interest or dividends to stockholders, $1,594,331.04, commissions $47,626,106.93, salaries and allowances of officers, employes and medical examiners, $34,181,468.79; repairs, expenses and taxes on real estate, $5,346,743.86; all other taxes, licenses and department fees, $9,560,192.47 ; all other disbursements, $30,301,301.27; total disburse- ments, $456,851,335.27. In testing the financial condition of a company as to policy holders in this state, special deposits in other states and countries are deducted from assets, and the liabilities in such states and countries respectively secured by the deposits, not exceeding the respective deposits, are deducted from liabilities. These companies have gross assets of $3,366,440,981.16 invested as follows: Market value of real estate $163,759,307.96; mortgage loans, $965,879,668.63; collateral loans, $29,357,247.05; premium notes, policy loans or liens, $406,365,399.04; market value of bonds and stocks, $1,633,646,573.17 ; cash in office and bank, $7,954,476.38; cash deposited on interest, $58,231,483‘.57; interest and rent due or accrued, $39,247,741.24; deferred and un- paid premiums, $47,613,446.92: all other assets, $14,385,637.20. Of the total gross assets, $25,489,138.13 is not admitted, leaving total admitted assets, $3,340,951,843.03. These companies carry net reserve amounting to $2,797,794,838.03. The liability for policy claims amounts to $16,319,225.14; accumulations on deferred dividend policies, $214,090,597.68; special reserve or special sur- plus, $36,758,244.88; other liabilities to policy holders, due or deferred, $51,842,852.45; all other liabilities, $24,140,082.00; capital stock, $18,793,513.67; unassigned funds (surplus), $181,212,489.18; total liabilities, $3,340,951,843.03. The companies had in force on the 1st of January, 1908, 23,531,890 policies, carrying $13,487,937,332 of insurance; there were issued during the year 4,053,763 policies representing $1,933,520,668 of insurance: rcwiwxl and increased 586,789 policies and $176,629,428 of insurance: terminated during the year 3,670,945 policies and $1,681,525,795 of insurance, of which 304,833 policies carrying $160,069,353 of insurance was terminated by death; 17,055 policies and $34,743,485 of insurance by maturity; 291,823 policies and $286,222,959 of insur- ance by surrender; 2,929,524 policies and $844,036,536 of insurance b\’ lapse and expiry; 1,519 policies and $80,047,491 of insurance by decrease, and 126,183 policies and $276,405,971 of insurance by not l)cing taken. The balance in force January 1, 1909 was therefore, 24,501,497 policies and $13,916,561,633 of insurance; of FORT .ANCIENT SCENE. FT. BRANDON. LEBANON. OHIO PROMENADE, PUT-IN-BAY 950 THE BOOK OF OHIO. this number and amount 5,858,994 policies and SI 1,354,- 746,460 of insurance represents ordinary business and 18,642,503 policies and $2,561,815,167 of insurance represents industrial business. The total number of policies of all kinds, includ- ing industrial, written, revived and increased in Ohio during the year 1908, was 335,266 policies carrying $118,- 160,211 of insurance, of which 54,497 policies and $80,837,356 was ordinary, and 280,769 policies and $27,322,855 of insurance was industrial business. There were terminated during the year 268,897 policies and $89,746,533 of insurance, of which 38,199 policies and $58,317,059 of insurance was ordinary, and 230,698 policies and $31,429,474 of insurance was indus- trial business. On the 1st of January, 1909, there were in force in Ohio 1,629,767 policies and $788,580,715 of insurance, of which 376,343 policies and $626,235,539 of insurance was ordinary, and 1,253,424 policies and $162,345,176 of insurance was industrial business. 4'he aggregate premiums received in Ohio in 1908 were $27,418,049.04, losses incurred $9,525,308 and losses paid $9,32(),633. The above figures are sufficient to prove the importance of the life insurance business in Ohio, Including United States branches of foreign companies, there were 170 stock fire and marine, and 36 mutual lire insurance companies doing business in the State of Ohio on the 1st of January, 1910, classified as follows: Ohio Stock Companies 10 Stock Companies of Other States 130 United States Branches of Foreign Companies 30 Ohio Mutual Companies 20 Mutual Companies of Other States 10 Total 200 The amount of business done liy these companies in 1909 will give a fair idea of the importance of that kind of insurance in the state. The aggregate income of the Ohio stock companies during 1909 was $1,455,335.46; stock com])anies of other states $223,636,864.39; and United States branches of foreign companies $72,513,435.57. The aggregate income of the 170 stock companies during 1909 was $297,605,635.42. Ohio mutual companies recc-ived $3,136,666.55, and mutual companies of (jther states $3,607,301.78. The aggregate premiums received by Ohio stock companies was $1,202,369.84; stock comi)anies of other states $200,256,201.13; and United States branches of forcagn companies $66,727,748.11. The Ohio mutual companies received for premiums and assess- ments during 1909, $2,876,643.01; and mutual companies of other states $3,316,301.62. The 170 stock com- pauies disbursed during the year 1909, $257,645,433.10. The 36 mutual companies disbursed $5,828,146.14. The net excess of income over disbursements by all (206) companies during 1909 was $40,876,024.51. Of this amount Ohio stock companies received $102,411.06; stock companies of other states, $34,779,738.18. Ohio mutual companies, $430,113.74, mutual comi)anies of other states, $485,708.45; United States branches of foreign companies, $5,078,053.08. Of the total amount shown as disbursements by the United States branches, $11,079,850.62 was remitted to home office. Losses i:>aid by the 10 Ohio stock companies aggre- gated $645,301.18; the 130 stock companies of other states paid losses amounting to $96,764,129.17; 30 Ifiiited States branches of foreign companies i)aid $31,773,881.25. The 26 mutual companies of Ohio joaid for losses in 1900 $1,425,555.95, and the mutual companies of other states $1,092,947.78. Losses paid by all companies aggregated $131,701,815.33. 44ie ten (Ohio stcjck companies have total admitted assets of $4,237,879.30. These companies have no s])ccial de])()sits in other States or countries. Stock com- panies of (jther States have admitted assets, subject t(j s]:)ecial deposits, aggregating $401,642,157.13; the ad- technical school university of Cincinnati milted assets, subject to special deposits, of United States STEAMER ON THE OHIO, THE BOOK OF OHIO 951 BEAUTIFUL VIEW OF MAHONING RIVER. WARREN. O. CONCRETE ARCH UNDER MIAMI CANAL. HAMILTON COUNTA'. O. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 953 branches of foreign companies aggregate $100,190,912.17. The Ohio mutual companies have admitted cash assets, exclusive of premium notes or contingent liabilities, amounting to $6,245,393.58; mutual companies of other states $4,907,212.33. These companies have no special deposits in other states or countries. The 170 stock companies have aggregate admitted assets of $505,470,- 948.60, while the admitted cash assets of the 36 mutual companies, exclusive of premium notes or contingent liabilities, amount to $11,152,604.91. The total liabilities of Ohio stock companies on the 1st of January, 1910, was $1,149,446.26; stock com panics of other states $207,471,867.82; United States branches of foreign companies $63,239,627.82. The Mutual companies of Ohio and other states, on the 1st of January, 1910, aggregate liabilities exclu- sive of premium notes or contingent liabilities of $4,916,107.04. The aggregate capital stock of the 10 Ohio companies is $1,500,000, while the stock companies of other states have a capiatl stock of $68,797,066.66. The 10 Ohio stock companies have a surplus over liabilities and capital stock of $1,588,433.04, which is not subject to deduction on account of special deposits. The aggregate surplus over liabilities and capital stock of the 130 stock companies of other states on the 1st of January, 1910, was $124,775,182.20, subject to special deposits in other states and countries. The net assets (surplus as regards policy holders) of the 30 United States branches of foreign companies amounted on the 1st of January, 1910, to $36,951,284.35. Risks written during the year 1909, by all com- panies, aggregated $32,470,631,856; The risks in force on the 1st of January, 1910, in all companies, aggregated $39,465,708,390. The 170 stock companies, in consideration of $358,- 575,024.13 in premiums charged, wrote in 1909 the tremendous amount of $31,990,469,175 of hre insurance at an average rate of 1.12 per cent. Thirty-four of the 170 stock companies have in force $382,635,050 of marine business. Risks written by Ohio stock companies in the State of Ohio aggregate $42,496,970, the premiums being $479,647.83, losses paid, $195,434.70; losses incurred, $204,763.01; ratio of losses incurred to premiums, 42.7 per cent. These companies have at risk in Ohio $111,705,684 in hre and tornado business. Stock companies of other states wrote in 1909, in the State of Ohio, $817,691,206 of hre and tornado busi- ness, on which the premiums amounted to $9,181,568.92; losses paid were $4,078,399.83, and losses incurred, $4,592,950; ratio of losses incurred to premiums, 50.03 per cent. These companies have at risk in Ohio, hre and tornado, $1,382,- 322,970; marine and island, $249,680,176. United States branches of foreign companies wrote in Ohio, in the same year, hre and torna- do business aggrega- ting $254,748,503, the premiums being $2,513,792.67; losses paid, $985,759.15; EARLY CHILLICOTHE SOLDIERS' MONUMENT, PORTSMOUTH. OHIO 954 THE BOOK OF OHIO. losses incurred, 11,150,843.80; ratio of losses incurred to premiums, 45.8 per cent. These companies have at risk in Ohio, tire and tornado; $402,290,421; marine and island, $132,954,874. Mutual companies of Ohio an other states wrote in Ohio, $144,574,827 of fire business; premiums and assessments amounted to $2,048,535.02; losses jiaid, $880,318.24; losses incurred, $808,395.88; ratio of losses incurrc'd to ])r(.‘miums and assessments 42.4 jier cent. From investigations made by the Insurance Department of ()hio of lhc> statements of every comjiany authorized to transact business in the state for the last ten years an average expense ratio of 3(i.8 per cent of premium income was found. 'Fwi'iitc’-six of tlu' stock comiianies wrote $157,805,015 of marine insurance in Ohio in the year 1909, the lircMnium bring $778,52(),80 ; lossc's ])aid, $404,411.15; losses incurred, $498,407.13; ratio of losses incurred to premiums, 04.0 ]>er ('cmt. Thi're were 128 assessment fire and miscellaneous associations of Ohio in existence on the 1st of January, 1910. 4'hese eoinpanic-s received during the year 1909 for assessments, membership and policy fees and pre- miums $002,323.f)8. ddieir losses amounted to $529,453.14. On the 1st of January, 1910, these associations held rash assets amounting to $80,795.00; all other assets $93,124.20; aggretate assets $179,919.20. The total liabililic's wei'(' $132,585.50, of which $40,415.07 was for uni)aid kjsses. The associations wrote during the year $04,388,908 of insurance, and had risks in force on the 1st of January, 1910, aggregating $315,999,944. d'lu'i'c' wt'i'e 05 mist'ellaneous companies in Ohic^ on the 1st of January, 1910, cvhose aggregate income during th(‘ \-ear preoious was $92,379,059.73. The total premiums received were $84,031,197.55, classihed as follows .AccTKmt, $22,433,059.07; health, $5,022,034.15; lial)ility, $25,880,091.02; fidelity, $9,758,810.52; surety, $7,566,919.12 plat(‘ glass, $3,952,258.20; steam Ixfiler, $2,779,821.81; burgiarly and theft, $3,192,350.67; credit, $4,726,571.56 spriidder, $246,829.03; workmen’s collective, $472,483.45; all other, which includes automobile property damage, $1,592,962.35. d'he amounts paid for losses during 1909 were as follows: Accident, $7,538,126.05; health, $1,883,107.61; liabihdy, $9,011,088.27; fidelity, $2,338,012.44; surety, $1,358,250.11; plate glass, $1,135,111.03; steam boiler, $169,760.70; btirglary and theft, $806,906.66; credit, $1,653,309.54; sprinkler, $48,860.04; workmen’s collective, $188,225.55; all other, including aut(miol)ile proj^erty damage, $490,021.74. d'he aggregate amount disbursed by the 65 companies during the year 1909 wms $72,172,993.85. d'he liabilities of these companies, except capital and surplus, aggregated $165,006,419.84. The aggre- gate capital stock of the 65 companies is $30,617,825.00 and their surplus over liabilities amounted to $38,386,089.84, subject to special dc'posits in other States and countries. BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS. d'he building and loan associations of Ohio are under the supervision of the State Bureau of Building and Loan As.sociations. d'heir condition is very satisfactory and their conservative management commendatory. During the first ten years of the twentieth century the modern idea of consolidation has reached these institu- tions to such an extent as to reduce their numbers very considerably. This is in no way discouraging, as full compemsation is fenmd in the fact that the remaining associations are much stronger and better as a result of this ])rocess. On the 1st of January, 1910, there were six hundred and twenty-seven associations of this kind in the State of Ohio, d'heir ])rogress in the last year has l)een very great and their condition must be a source of congratulation to the painstaking ofticers, directors and managers of these institutions. The gross assets of the 1)uilding and loan associa- tions of Ohio at the l)egin- ning of the year 19 10, amounted to the extraordi- nary sum of $153,504,501.26. Each association in the state has been examined at least once and some of them a second time every year since the bureau mentioned above has been in existence. There are no authorized foreign bnild- ing and loan associations doing business in Ohio, neither have any bond investment companies been qualified to do business in the State of Ohio. d'he City of Cincinnati can boast of a larger number of building associations than any other city in the state. Their number amounts to 219, with assets of $17,283,569.58; Dayton has 19 associations, with assets of $21,674,859.99; Columbus has 25 associations, with assets amounting to $15,170,894.88; Cleveland has 23 associations, with $10,275,867.35 assets; Toledo has 9 associations, with assets amounting to $3,977,084.79; and 352 associations with assets of $85,122,224.67 are distributed all over the state. PUT-IN-BAY SCENE THE BOOK OF OHIO HIGH STREET. COLUMBUS, OHIO A PART OF YOUNGSTOWN. OHIO THE BOOK OF OHIO. 957 The authorized capital stock of the various associations amounts to the enormous sum of $749,298,000.00; their subscribed capital stock is $337,163,780.00; and their capital stock paid in, $107,149,101.95. The total number of non-borrowing members was 228,745 on the 1st of January, 1910; total number of borrowing mem- bers 100,121; total membership 328,866. The average membership per association is 526. The percentage of borrowing members to total membership is 30.44. The total number of non-borrowing depositors amounted to 111,067 on the 1st of January, 1910, and the total number of borrowing depositors was 9,251. The average number of depositors per association was 383. The associations had their assets invested as follows: Cash on Hand .S (3, 406, 717. .59 Loans on Mortgage Security 141,375,015.95 Loans on Stock or Pass-Book Security 1,529,209.03 Loans on All Other Security 877,942.42 Furniture and Fixtures 116,522.82 Stationary and Supplies Real Estate 1,111,896.17 Real Estate Sold on Contract 486,718.63 Real Estate — Office Building 906,347.80 Insurance and Taxes due Erom Borrowers 71,779.83 Investment of Reserw and L'ndivided Profit Eunds 58,555.52 Bonds 429,250.78 Miscellaneous 134,544.72 Total •8153,504,501.26 P.XSSENGER BO.^T ON THE OHIO RIVER The following table shows the counties in the in each and their combined assets: Number of Total Assets County. Associations December 31, 1909 Adams 2 8 61,990.36 Allen 8 4,296,070.39 Ashland 1 82,488.91 Ashtabula 4 1,931,098.95 Athens 1 85,750.15 Auglaize 6 • 1,110,222.42 Belmont 8 2,533,348 99 Brown 4 318,254.72 Butler 14 4,857,260.31 Champaign 5 1,190,236.63 Clark 4 3,.3.59.:366.68 Clermont 13 834,486.75 Clinton 5 428,201.19 Columbiana 12 6,412,006.46 Coshocton 2 362,170.02 Crawford 5 1,026,114.33 Cuyahoga 20 10,275,867.35 Darke 4 306,762.81 Defiance 3 852,383.61 Delaware 2 (>79,402.72 Erie 3 492,359.49 Fairfield 9 778,582.18 Fayette 1 15,168.78 Franklin 24 15,170,894.88 Fulton 2 422,999.92 Gallia 2 289,065.46 Greene 3 1,696,812.91 Guernsey 3 386,258.35 Hamilton 248 23.028,911.56 Hardin 2 890,123.15 Harrison 5 213,704.06 Highland 7 721,729.31 Hocking 2 57,007.53 Holmes 1 63,245.57 Huron 2 1,060,496.90 Jackson 4 615,478.40 Jefferson 4 776,944.74 Knox 4 1,062,575.41 Lake 1 51,640.48 Lawrence 8 1 , 3(H), 060. 37 Licking 5 2,339,346.52 state having Ituilding and loan associations, the numlier Number of Total Assets County. Associations December 31, 1909 Logan 6 •81,329,126.97 Lorain 3 386,978.64 Lucas 9 3,984,081.68 Madison 5 462,524.78 Mahoning 3 4,008,869.37 Marion 3 l,159,-337.70 Mercer 5 243,091.67 Miami i 1,717,263.51 Monroe 1 52,502.79 Montgomerv -M 23, 262, •542.23 Morgan 1 70,636.59 Morrow 0 157,727.34 Muskingum 8 1,412,677.13 Noble 1 142,502.14 Perr\’ 9 55,557.68 Pickawa\- 1 86,300.16 Pike 1 163,215.30 Portage 9 469,221.67 Preble 3 195,595.16 Putnam 3 383,920.25 Richland 4 2,199,209.39 Ross 6 655,691.58 Sanduskv 5 724,737.06 Scioto 5 1,539,524.42 Seneca 3 550,530.98 Shelbv o 1.697,740.90 Stark 9 5,478,073.97 Summit 6 2.193,447.24 Trumbull 9 718,221.92 Tuscarawas 9 1 130,414.92 Ihiion 1 251,460.00 \"an M’ert o 231,5-54.84 \’inton '1 183,619.70 Affirren 4 405,522.58 Washington o 1,344,143.73 Wavne 3 1,361,071.67 Williams O 390,524.87 Wood 3 20;1 , 1 Si .27 W\-andot 1 58,661.75 Totals 627 8153.504,501 .26 958 THE BOOK OF OHIO. NATURAL BRlDtiE ACROSS Till-; OHIO POPULATION. Diirin”' the 1 irst ten years of the twentieth century the growth of the Ohio cities has been very remark- able. 'I'lirn' arc w ithin the state 82 cities with a pctpulat ion of 5,000 or more, hve of them having a population of between 100, OOO and 000,000; »2 from 10,000 to 100,000, and 45 from 5,000 to 10,000 Large gains were nuule by many cities, \ ehile seven snstainet losses, namely, Findlay, Adarietta, Dehance, Wellston, Circl cwalle. ('lalion and Alahoning. d'lu' population o f the Ohio cities in PJIO, as compared with that of PJOO, is as follows: lt)10 1900 1910 1900 ( Icvclaiid . 5G0,t)G3 381,768 329,902 Last Cleveland ... . 9,179 2,717 7,760 ('iiu'innati . 363,591 Martins Ferry 9,133 ( 'olunil ms . 181,511 125,560 Mt. Vernon 9,087 6,633 I'olcdo 168,497 131,822 Delaware 9,076 7,940 1 )ayton 116,577 85,333 Salem 8,943 7,582 Youngstown 79,066 44,885 Xenia 8,706 8,696 .Akron 69,607 42,728 New Philadelphia. . 8,542 6,213 (an ton 50,217 30,667 38,253 Niles 8,361 7,468 7,133 Springlicld 46,921 Conneaut 8,319 1 lamilton 35,279 23,911 Bellefontaine 8,238 6,649 Lima 30,608 21,723 Bucyrus 8,122 6,560 Lorain 28,883 16,028 23,538 Norwalk 7,858 7,074 6,146 Zanesville 28,026 Wellsville 7,769 Newark 25,404 18,157 Urban a 7,739 6,808 Portsmouth 23,481 17,870 1 lefiance 7,327 7,579 Steubenville 22,391 14,349 Washington C. H. , 7,277 5,761 Mansfield 20,768 17,640 Galian 7,214 7,282 Last Li\erpool 20,387 16,485 Kenton 7,185 6,852 Sandusky 19,989 19,664 Van Wert 7,157 6,422 .Ashtabula 18,266 12,949 W'ellston 6,875 8,045 Marion 18,232 11,862 Circlexille 6,944 6,991 Norwood 16,185 6,480 Ashland 6,709 4,087 Lakewood 15,181 3,355 Canal Dover 6,621 5,422 .Alliance 15,083 8,974 Sidnev 6,607 5,688 Idndlav 14,858 17,613 Cireeinille 6,237 5,501 Ifhria 14,825 8,791 Wujoster 6,136 6,063 (diillirothe 14,508 12,976 Troy 6,122 5,881 Massillon 13,879 11,944 Nelsonville (),082 5,421 Picpia 13,388 12,172 Newburg 5,813 5,900 Middletown 13,152 9,215 St. Alarys 5,732 5,359 I rr tn 1 on 13,147 11,868 8,991 Athens 5,653 3,032 Lancaster 13,093 Galli])(jlis 5,560 5,432 Bellaire 12,<)46 9,912 Painesville 5,501 5,024 Marietta 12,923 13,348 lackson 5,468 4,672 Tiffin 11,894 10,989 Wapakoneta 5,349 3,915 Cambridge 11,327 8,241 Ravenna 5,310 4,003 Warren 11,081 8,529 Bowling Green 5,222 5,067 LremoiU 9,939 8,439 Bellewie 5,209 4,101 ( 'oshoeton 9,603 6,473 Madisoindlle 5,193 3,140 I'ostoria 9,597 7,730 Delphos 5,o:i8 4,517 Barberton 9,410 4,354 St. Bernard 5,002 3,384 THE BOOK OF OHIO. 959 The villages in Ohio with a population fr in population during the first ten years of the is shown by the following: 1910 1900 East Youngstown 4,927 Shelby 4,903 4,085 Logan 4,850 3,480 Uhrichsville 4,751 4,582 Wilmington 4,491 3,013 Kent 4,488 4,541 Oberlin 4,305 4,842 Hillsboro 4,290 4,535 Toronto 4,271 3,520 Miamislnirg 4,271 3,941 Barnesville 4,233 3,721 Greenfield 4,228 3,979 Mingo Junction 4,049 2,954 Pomeroy 4,023 4,039 Cuyahoga Falls 4,020 3,180 Dennison 4,008 3,703 Napoleon 4,007 3,039 Reading 3,984 3,070 Bridgeport 3,974 3,903 Crestline 3,807 3,282 Upper Sandusky 3,739 3,355 Bryan 3,041 3,131 Carthage 3,018 2,559 Marysville 3,570 3,048 East Palestine 3,537 2,493 London 3,530 3,511 Celina 3,493 2,815 Lockland .• 3,439 2,095 Elmvrood Place 3,423 2,532 Girard 3,376 2,030 Struthers 3,370 Middleport 3,194 2,709 Rockport 3,179 2,038 Eaton 3,170 3,155 Byersville 3,150 1,207 Orrville 3,101 1,901 Lisbon 3,084 3,330 Wadsworth 3,073 1,704 Crooksville . 3,028 835 Port Clinton 3,007 2,450 Cleveland Heights 2,955 Chicago Junction 2,950 2,348 Newcomerstown 2,943 2,089 Hartwell 2,823 1,833 Clyde 2,815 2,515 Montpelier 2,759 1,809 Medina 2,734 2,232 Lebanon 2,098 2,807 om 1000 to 5000 are also very numerous and 20th century is not less remarkable than that of Lcetonia Franklin Wauseon Berea New Lexington . . Clouster New Baltimore. . Woodsfield Geneva Ada Salineville Hicks\-illc Nottingham Maumee Shawnee h'airport New Straits\'ille . (f arey ( )Uawa Wellington Rosexille Amhei'st Sebring Paulding Willoughby Tippecanoe City. Millersburg Oxford College Hill Cadiz Manchester B1 Lift ton Chagrin Falls. . . Che\lot Perrysburg Westerville Wyoming Cibsonburg Rocky Ri\ er. . . . New Boston .... Co\ington Bradford Ripley McConnellsx’ille. , Blanchester Londonville Columbus Grove. I\lt. Hoalthv their increase the cities, as 1910 1900 2,665 2,744 2,659 2,724 2,650 2,148 2,609 2,510 2,559 1,701 2,527 2,155 2,503 3,561 2,502 1,800 2,496 2,342 2,465 2,576 2,403 2,353 2,395 2,530 2,387 939 2,307 1 ,856 2,280 2,966 2,263 2,073 2,242 2,302 2,225 1,816 2,182 2,322 2,131 2,004 2,113 1,207 2,106 1,758 2,104 387 2,081 2,080 2,072 1,753 2,038 1,703 2,020 1,998 2,017 2,009 1,979 1,104 1,971 1,855 1,966 2,003 1,953 1,783 1,931 1 ,586 1,930 1,913 1,766 1,903 1,462 1,893 1,450 1,864 1,791 1,861 1 C " c 1,319 i 1,848 1,791 1,844 1,254 1,840 2,248 1,831 1,825 1,813 1,788 1 ,804 1,581 1,802 1 ,935 1,799 1,354 UNH ED STATES PLAYING CARD COMPANY, NORWOOD, OHIO THE BOOK OF OHIO < J()0 Bedford { iernianlowii . . Leipsir ( 'oal ( iro\ e . . . . lliiroii S])eiU'er\ ille . . . ( dcndale New Kirlunond ( arn >1 1 on I 'tica Rirlimond . . . . 1 Inlihard Delat I ,()uis\ ilU‘ AI 1 . ( 'lilead . . . . ( 'ornin_u' ( ).d- Union ( it y . . . . LowelK ille. . . . New Bremen. . Minster ( 'oluniBiana . . . \ ersailles ( leorgelow 11 . . . Kenniore ( )ak 1 larbor . . . New London . . I )resden AdiK'ston ( 'liardon I )illon\ ille ... I >esli!er Sid line Jamestown . . . . Jefterson iMechaniesl uirg ('aldwell (deves LoN’eland Blain UitN’ M iiier\a ( irain ille St. ( 'Iairs\ ille . . Murray C'it\- . . X’erniillion I larrison .Arcanum A’ellow S].)rings. Na\-arre ('ardington .... M ilford PBinouth l‘.)10 1 !)()() 1910 1900 1,783 1,480 West Liberty 1,288 1,230 1 ,778 1,702 Somerset 1,280 1,124 1,773 1,720 West Carrolton 1,285 987 1,759 1,1!)1 lacksonxille 1,285 1,047 1 ,750 1,708 Forest 1,285 1,155 1,748 1,784 St. Paris 1,201 1,222 1,741 1,.545 Belpre 1,249 1,733 1,910 West Milton 1,207 904 1 ,730 1,271 Stryker 1,200 1,200 1,729 820 Bethel 1,201 8,50 1 ,729 1,040 Fort Recox'crv 1,193 1,097 1,0!)!) 1,230 Brooksx'ille 1,187 809 1 ,089 1,230 Antwerp 1,187 1,200 1 ,078 1,374 Rockford 1,180 1,207 1,073 1,528 South ('harleston 1,181 1,090 1,004 1,041 Buchtel 1,180 1,03!) .528 Marblehead 1,172 997 1,5!)5 1,282 Monroex’ille 1,152 1,211 1,592 1,137 Oak Hill 1,148 825 1,580 1,318 ('oal ton 1,111 1,025 1,583 1,405 1 lunkirk 1,109 1,222 1,582 1,339 McArthur 1,107 941 1 ,580 1,478 Hoi gate 1,095 1,2.37 1,580 1,529 W'ax’erlv 1,083 1,854 1,501 Archbold 1,082 958 1,5.59 1,031 1 legraff 1,082 1,1.50 1 ,557 1,180 West Union . 1,080 1,000 1 ,549 1,000 Continental 1,074 1,104 1 ,.543 1,513 Fdgerton 1,072 1,043 1,.542 1,300 Mt. Sterling 1,071 980 1,519 C'edarx'ille 1,0.59 1,189 1,515 1,028 New Carlisle 1,058 995 1,514 1,481 Belleville 1,050 1,039 1,401 1,205 Swanton 1,0.50 887 1,401 1,319 West Jefferson 1,043 803 1,440 1,017 Amsterdam 1,041 1,430 927 Batax'ia 1,034 1,029 1 ,423 1,328 Mineral City 1,032 1,220 1,411 1,200 New Ol instead 1,030 1,407 1,432 W'est Alexandria 1,030 740 1 ,3!)0 1,200 Payne 1,027 1,3.30 1,394 1,425 Hudson 1,021 983 1,393 1,210 I lamden 1,019 838 1,380 1,110 Kellys Island 1,017 1,174 1,30!) 1,184 Shreve 1,010 1 ,043 1,308 1,4.50 Lodi 1,015 840 1,300 1,227 Bergholz 1,011 1,300 1,371 McComl ) 1,008 1,195 1,350 903 Pemberxille 1,000 1,081 1 ,349 1,304 Sylvania 1,002 017 1,321 1,14!) ( 'larretsville 1,001 1,145 1,314 1,1.54 RACCOON RIVER THE CITY OF DAYTON. HE CITY OF DAYTON ranks next after Cincinnati, among thej'five leading cities, in priority of organization, both as village and city, it having been incorporated as a village by the act of the General Assembly of February 12, 1805, and became a city some 20 years later. Its population in 1820 was 2,954; in 1830, 6,067; in 1S40, 9,792; in 1850, 18,960; in i860, 24,615; in 1870, 29,730; in 1880, 38,678; in 1890, 61,220, and in 1900, 85,333. In 1840 it was second in rank as to population. In 1850 it was again second in rank. In i860 it fell to the fourth, and in 1870 became fifth, which it still remains. Youngstown, with a population of 44,885, most nearly approaches it among the smaller cities. Settlements began in the Miami valley in the vicinity of Dayton prior to the year 1795. It that year Governor Arthur St. Clair, General Wilkinson, General Dayton and Colonel Israel Ludlow purchased a large tract of land from John Claus Symmes, the original patentee. Two parties were sent out from Cincinnati, one under Daniel C. Cooper, and the other under Captain John Dunlap to establish the boundaries of the purchase. On the 4th of November, 1795, Colonel Ludlow laid out a town at the mouth of the Mad River which he named Dayton, in honor of General Jonathan Dayton, one of the proprietors. A lottery was held for the distribution of lots, and the persons drawing them agreed to locate in the town in the follow- ing spring. Under the terms of this lottery 46 persons, the most of them the heads of families, agreed to locate in Dayton in the early spring of 1796. Only 19 of them, however, lived up to their agreement. These, with their families, arrived on April i, of that year, and were: William Gahagan, Samuel Thompson, Benjamin Van Cleve, Wdliiam Van Cleve, Solomon Goss, Thomas Davis, John Davis, James McClure, John McClure, Daniel Ferrell, William Flomer, Solomon Homer, Abraham Glassmine, John Dorough, Wil- liam Chenowith, James Morris, and William and George New- com. Many of these men and their immediate descendants be- came prominent in public affairs, and the descendants of many of them still reside at Dayton and in the Miami valley, and are among the leading citizens. A trip from Cincinnati to Dayton to-day is reckoned as a pleasant recreation. But in 1796 it was a parallel to the voyage of CHAPTER XXIV. PIONEER VIEW OF EAST SIDE OF MAIN STREET, Between Third and Second Streets. The corner is now occupied by Callahan Bank Building. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 9 (Vi Jason and his fellow argonauts. The expedition left Cincinnati for the new town early in March, I 796, in three divisions or parties. The first was in charge of William Homer, the second in charge of G7 CITY BUILDING. Seven or eight electric street railways penetrate the diflerent quarters of the city and extend into the suburbs, and many interurban electric roads are either contemplated or are in process of construction. Among Hospital for the Insane, located one mile south of the city. Manufactures in the city began early in its existence, and have always kept pace with the most progressive cities in the central portion of the Union, and did much toward its upbuilding. They are still in a most flourishing condition, its car building interest being one of the leading ones. Tobacco is extensively manu- factured, as are cash registers. There are 120 manufacturing establishments, great and small, in the city, representing an investment of over ^20,000,000, with an annual average output of about $27,000,000, with an average annual consumption of from $15,000,000 to $17,000,000 of raw material. The average number of employes, of all kinds and in all departments, is 6,500, and the annual average payments of wages is $6,000,000. These manufactures are diversified. YOUNG NEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, Fourth near Jefferson. CALLAHAN BANK BUILDING. the steam railways which touch the city are the Big Four System, the Pennsylvania Lines, the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio (N. Y. P. & O.) the Dayton Michigan, the Cin- cinnati, Hamilton & Dayton System, and other less important lines. The Miami & Erie Canal is also extensively used as a water line for transportation, and its berme bank for an electric railway south. Over 75 newspapers and newspaper publications devoted to science, literature, politics, religion and special ob- jects are issued in the city. The principal daily papers are the “Journal,” “Herald-News,” and “Times,” The press in the city is generally well patronized by the business community. There are 55 churches, representing the Methodist, Episcopal, United Brethern, Baptist, Protestant Episcopal, Catholic, Presbyterian, United Presb}’terian, Reformed 9 C .8 THE BOOK OF OHIO. PANORAMIC VIEW OF DAYTON. Lutheran, h'vantrelical Lutheran, Evangelical Association, German Reformed, Jewish, Christian, and minor sects and denominations, d'he church edifices are generally substantial, and in many instances imposing. 1 )aniel C. Cooper, already mentioned, was born in Morris County, New Jersey, November 20, 1773. He died July 13, 1818. He did probably more than any other man toward the successful founding of the city, and was indefatigable in his efforts to induce settlers to locate within its borders. He filled many public trusts during his life time. He was the first justice of the peace in the district, having been appointed to that office October 4, 1799, and served until May i, 1803, when Montgomery County was organized. In 1810-1812 he was president of the Select Council, and served seven consecutive terms in the General Assembly of the State with great distinction. FIFTH STREET, LOOKING EAST FROM MAIN STREET. John W. Van Cleve, probably the first white man born in Dayton, and the son of Benjamin Van Cleve, already mentioned as the first school teacher and the first postmaster of the place, was born in 1801, on the 27th day of June. He was a man of strong intellect and great natural abilities. He entered the State University in Athens, Ohio, at the age of 16, and was so proficient in the study of Latin that he was engaged to teach the language in the University before he was graduated. Later he became master of both French and Ger- man. He was a man of great versatility, resembling Benjamin Franklin in some respects. He was a musician, an artist in colors, an engraver, a civil engineer, a naturalist, a geolo- gist, a lawyer and a brilliant newspaper editor and writer. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 969 -Is PANORAMIC VIEW OF DAYTON. He was one of the founders of the Dayton Library Association, and was mayor of the city in i S3 1-1832, and in 1839. He read law and was admitted to the bar, but did not engage largely in the practice of the profession, preferring literary and scientific pursuits. He was editor and part owner of the “ Dayton Journal ” from 1828 to 1834. Being an ardent Whig, he supported General Harrison for the presidency in 1840, and published a campaign paper called “The Log Cabin,” which challenged attention throughout the United States for its brilliancy and originality. He died September 6, 1858. He was not married. Francis Glass, a prominent and successful educator, was born in Ireland in 1790. He came to the United States with his parents when he was eight years old. His father was a teacher at Mt. Airy College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Francis graduated from the University in Pennsyl- vania at the age of 19, and was married a year or two later. He came to the vicinity of Dayton as a teacher in 1817, taught at several points, and finally came to Dayton. He wrote a “Life of George Wash- ington” in Latin, which was pub- lished by Harper Brothers of New York, II years after his death, which occurred August 27, 1824, after a brief illness. His “Life of Wash- ington” was introduced as a text book in many of the schools. General George Crook was born in Wayne Township, Mont- gomery County, September 8, 1828, and died in the city of Chicago, March 21, 1890. When a boy he worked on his father’s farm and attended school until he was 19 years of age, showing great proficiency in his studies. He was appointed a cadet to the West Point Academy by General PHILLIPS HOUSE, MAIN AND THIRD. 1)70 THE BOOK OF OHIO. LOOKING WEST ON MONUMENT AVENUE, SOLDIERS’ MONUMENT IN FOREGROUND. Robert C. Schenck, a member of Congress, and graduated in July, 1852. For a number of years he was on duty with the Fourth United States Infantry in Cali- fornia. In 1856 he took part in the Rogue River skirmish, and commanded the Pitt Expedition in 1857, and was wounded by an Indian arrow. At the breaking out of the Civil War he was a captain, and returned East to become colonel of the Thirty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He per- formed brilliant and effective ser- vice in West Viro-inia with the O Third Brio-ade, and in Auofust, 1862, he was severely wounded in the battle at Eewisburg. Eater he joined the Army of Northern Vir- ginia, and distinguished himself at the battle of Antietam, and was brevetted lieutenant colonel in the regular army. From here he was transferred to the Army of the MAIN STREET, LOOKING NORTH FROM THIRD STREET. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 971 Tennessee, in 1863, and in July of that year w^s assigned to the command of the Second Cavalry Division, participating in a series of actions which ended with the battle of Chicamauga. He pursued the Confederate cavalry, under the command of General Joe Wheeler, from the ist to the loth of October, over- whelmingly defeated it and drove it across the Tennessee River. In February, 1864, he assumed command of the Kanawha District in West Virginia, where he was almost constantly engaged in action for months. In the autumn of the same year he joined General Sheridan in the Shenandoah campaign, and received brevets of brigadier and major general in the regular army for gallant conduct. From March 26th to April 9th, 1865, he was in command of the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac, and engaged in the actions at Dinwiddle D. C. ARNOLD RESIDENCE, FOURTH STREET. HOTEL ATLAS, CORNER THIRD AND LUDLOW. Court House, Jettersville, Sailor’s Creek and Farmville. He was mustered out of the volunteer service and was commissioned a lieutenant colonel of the Twentieth Regiment, United States Infantry, and became the most conspicuous among the past Civil War Indian fighters. He put down the Mormon revolt in Utah in 18S2, and reduced the Indian tribes to a comparative state of tractability. He was made a major general on the 6th of April, 1888, by President Cleveland, and placed in command of the Department of Missouri, with his head- quarters at Chicago. He was a consummate strategist, and a most brilliant commander. James Findlay Schenck, a brother of General Robert C. Schenck, was born in Franklin, Ohio, June II, 1807, and died in Dayton, December 21, 1882. He entered the United States Military Academy in 1822 C. W. RAYIMOND RESIDENCE. 972 THE BOOK OF OHIO. and resigned in 1824, and entered the navy as a midshipman in 1825. Me became a lieu- tenant December 22, 1835, 1S45 he joined the “Congress” and became chief aid to Commodore Stockton, at the capture of Los Angeles and other California ports. He par- ticipated in the Mexican War, and at the begin- ning of the Civil War was assigned to duty along the Gulf Coast. He led his division of the North Atlantic Squadron in the assaults on Ft. Fisher. He was made commodore and then rear admiral, and retired by the age limit, June 1 1, 1869. Charles Anderson was born near Louis- ville, June I, 1814. His father was an aide on the staff of General LaFayette during the War of the Revolution, and lived in retirement at the Soldiers’ Retreat near I.ouisville. Charles graduated from the Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 1833, studied law, was admitted to the bar and entered upon the practice at Dayton in 1835, where he married Miss Eliza Brown. LODGE AT ENTRANCE TO WOODLAWN CEMETERY. elected lieutenant governor of Ohio, and became governor of the State, ex-officio, on the death of Governor John Brough. Thomas John Wood was born in Manfordville, Kentucky, September 25, 1823. He graduated from West Point, and was brevetted first lieutenant for gallant and meritorious conduct in the Mexican War. He was on the staff of General William S. Harney in 1 848-1 849, and served as captain of the First Cavalry during the border troubles and in Utah in 1859, under General Albert Sidney Johnson. In 1861 he was made a Brigadier General of Volunteers, and had command of a division at the battles of Corinth, Shiloh and Stone River. He commanded a division of the Twenty-first Corps, Army of the Cumberland, at I le was elected to the ( )hio .Senate in 1844, and favored the abrogation of the “ Black Laws.” This was not popular with his constituents, and he did not stand for a re-election. 1 le made an extensive tour of FTirope, and on his return practiced law for 10 or 12 years in Cincinnati with Rufus King. In 1859 he went to Texas, where his anti-slavery views called out many threats of assassination. He was taken prisoner after the beginning of the Civil War, but escaped and returned to Ohio, and became colonel of the Ninety-third Ohio \ olunteer Infantry, and was dangerously wounded in the battle of Stone River. In 1863 he was THE WIDOWS’ HOME, MAY AND FINDLAY STREETS. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 973 at Chickamauga and Mission Ridge. He was severely wounded at Lovejoy’s Station, Georgia. He commanded the Fourth Corps at Franklin and Nashville, and was brevetted a major general of volunteers in 1865. He was an able corps and division commander, and commanded the love and respect of those who were both above and below him in rank, for his soldierly qualities. He was retired with the rank of major general in 1868, after which he made his home continuously at Dayton. Eight citizens of Dayton were chosen to the Congress of the United States. General Robert C. Schenck, John A. McMahon and Clement L. Vallandigham are elsewhere spoken of in fuller detail. Among the prominent attorneys and jurists of Montgomery County during the first half of the century, was Joseph H. Crane. He served a single term in the popular branch of the State Legislature in 1807-1808. The Legislature in 1816 elected him president judge of the Court of Common Pleas for .SACRED HEART CHURCH, CORNER FOURTH AND WILKINSON. the Second Circuit. In 1823, at the expiration of his first term, he was re-elected as president of the First Circuit, and he resigned the office to enter Congress. He was elected to the Twenty-first Congress, in 1828, from the Third District, comprising Montgomery, Preble, Miami, Mercer, Van Wert, Paulding, Williams, Shelby, Alien and Putnam. He was re-elected to the Twenty-second Con- gress in 1830, from the same district, but recast as follows : Montgomery, Mercer, Van Wert, Paulding, Williams, Henry, Wood, Putnam, Allen, Shelby and Miami, and was elected a fourth time, in 1834, to the Twenty-fourth MAIN STREET FIRE HALL, No. 4. LUTHERAN CHURCH. Main Street, Between Fourth and Fifth Streets. Congress. He was a supporter of the Democratic policy. Judge Crane was born in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, in 1778, and died in Dayton, Ohio, November 12, 1852. Lewis B. Gunckel of Dayton, was born in German- town, Ohio, October 15, 1826. He graduated from the Farmers’ College at Cincinnati in 1848, read law. was admitted to the bar in 1861, and began practice at Dayton, where he became prominent in the profession. He was a Whig and afterward a Republican. He was elected to the BIRDSEYE VIEW OF DAYTON, LOOKING SOUTHEAST FROM BELMOUNT AVENUE. THE JWOK OF OHIO. 9 T 5 Senate of the h'ifty-fifth General Assembly in i86i, and to the Fifty-sixth in 1863. He formulated measures for the relief of the dependent families of soldiers during the Civil War, and also the act permitting soldiers lo vote in the field. He was elected to the Forty- third Congress in 1872 from the Fourth Dis- trict, Montgomery, Greene, Darke and Preble, and was defeated for the Forty-fourth by |ohn A. McMahon. In 1S71 he was appointed a special commissioner by President Grant to investigate the alleged frauds in the allotments to the Cherokee, Creek and Chickasaw Indians, and his exposures broke up the scandalous system of robbery which had prevailed for years. Emanuel Schulz of Dayton, was born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, July 25, 1819, and in 1S38 removed to Miamisburg, Mont- gomery County, Ohio, where he became VICTORIA THEATRE. largely interested in business and manufactures. Later he took up his residence in Dayton. In 1873 he was a member of the Constitutional Convention, and was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1875. In 1880 he was elected to the Forty-seventh Congress, as a Republican, from the Fourth District, consisting of Montgomery, Darke, Preble and Greene Counties. He failed of re-election, and served but one term. He was a man of high character and sound judgment. George W. Houck of Dayton, was born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, September 25, 1825, and came to Dayton with his father. He received a public school and academic education, and for a number of years taught school, meantime pursu- ing the study of law with Peter P. Lowe, with whom he was associated for many years after his admission STREET CORNER, FIFTH AND JEFFERSON.) to the bar in 1846. From 1852 to 1854 he represented Montgomery County in the Lower 1 louse of the General Assembly of the State. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Charleston-Baltimore in i860, and supported Stephen A. Douglass for the presidential nomination. He was also a dele- gate to the Democratic National Convention in St. Louis in 1876. From 1861 to 1882 he was in partnership with John A. McMahon in the law practice. He was defeated for circuit judge in the Second Judicial Circuit in 1884. He was unanimously nominated to the Fifty- second Congress in 1890, and was elected from the Third District, Montgomery, Warren and Butler Counties. He was re-elected from the same district in 1892 to the Fifty-third Congress, and died suddenly during his term, and was succeeded by Paul J. Sorg. AN ODD MILL. THE BOOK OF OHIO. John L. Brenner of Dayton, was born in Wayne 'I'ownship, Montgomery County, Ohio, in 1832, and was educated in the common schools. He worked on his father’s farm in the summer and attended school in the winter. His education was finished in the Springfield (Ohio ) Academy. He pursued the occupation of agriculture until 1862, when he engaged in the nursery business, and was eminently successful. In 1874 he engaged in the leaf tobacco business, in which he is still successfully engaged, his home being in Dayton. During his entire public and private career in Dayton he has commanded the highest respect of the entire community, as well as of his employes. In Congress he has never made any pretense of oratory upon the floor, but has always been noted for the careful and con- scientious study of all important questions before the House, and his votes have uniformly been the result of deliberate FIRST U. B. CHURCH, EAST FIFTH STREET. u>. fw' CHABEE, NATIONAL MILITARY HOME. judgment. He was elected to the Fifty-filth Congress as a Democrat in 1896, from Montgomery, Preble and Butler Counties, and was re-elected from the same district in 1898 to th(; b'ifty-sixth. The district is evenly divided between the two parties, and Mr. Brenner’s plurality at each election varied but little from 100 votes. Colonel Robert N. Nevin was the eighth congressman to be chosen, having been elected in 1900, as a Republican, by about the same slender majority as his immediate pre- decessor, John L. Brenner, the district being very closely divided between the Democratic and Republican parties, with a slight advantage in favor of the former. Colonel Nevin is a leading and successful lawyer, and is recognized by the leaders of both parties as one of the most brilliant orators in the State, and his services on the stump are in great demand during every political campaign. For almost half a century the environments have been against Dayton in the matter of population. Three cities approximate have served to attract the population, which would otherwise have gravitated to Dayton. These cities are Springfield, a few miles to the north, with a population of 38,253 ; Hamilton, a few miles to the south, with 23,914, M. E. GRACE CHURCH. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 977 and Middletown, near by the latter, with 9,215. They are all manufacturing points in the same district, with 75.000 population, two-thirds of which would have gone to the city of Dayton had they not became manufacturing as well as busi- ness rivals. Dayton is the real center of about 200,000 urban population. William A. Taylor. Miscellany. — Among the early settlers ot Montgomery County was Colonel Robert Patter- son. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1753, and emigrated to Kentucky in 1775. In 1804 he removed from Kentucky and settled about a mile below Dayton. He was the original proprietor of Lexington, Kentucky, and one-third owner of Cincinnati, when it was laid out. He was with Colonel George Rogers Clarke in 1778, in his celebrated Illinois campaign ; in the following year he was in Bowman’s expedition against old Chillicothe. In this expedition, according to Patterson’s memoranda. Bowman had 400 men. In August, 1780, he was also a captain under Clarke, in his expedition against the Shawnees, on the Little Miami and Mad Rivers; was second in command to Colonel Boone, August 19, 1782, at the battle of the Lower Blue Licks ; was colonel on the second expedition of General Clarke, in the following September, into the Miami country; held the same office in 1786, under Colonel Logan, in his expedition against the Shawnees. He died August 5, 1827. His early life was full of incidents, one of the most remarkable of which we give in his own language, as originally published in the “Ohio National Journal:” Canoe Journey up the Ohio. — In the fall of 1776 I started from McClellan’s station (now Georgetown, Kentucky) in company with Jos. McNutt, David Perry, James Wernock, Janies Templeton, Edward Mitchell and Isaac Greer, to go to Pittsburg. We procured provisions for our journey at the Blue Licks, from the well known stone house, the FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, Corner Second and Ludlow Streets. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. M. E. CHURCH, FOURTH AND LUDLOW. THE BOOK OF OHIO. ‘)T8 A- • ;r; ' >.yj“ MAIN HOSPITAL, NATIONAL MILITARY HOME. Buffalo. At Limestone we pro- cured a canoe, and started up the Ohio River by water. Noth- ing- material transpired during several of the first days of our journey. We landed at Point Pleasant, where was a fort com- manded by Captain Arbuckle. After remaining there a short time, and receiving despatches from Captain Arbuckle to the commandant at Wheeling, we again proceeded. Aware that Indians were lurkino- alono- the o o bank of the river, we traveled with the utmost caution. We usually landed an hour before sunset, cooked and ate our supper, and went on until after dark. At night we lay without fire, as convenient to our canoe as possible, and started again in the morning at daybreak. We had all agreed that if any disaster should befall us by day or by night that we should stand by each other, as long as any help could be afforded. At length the memorable 12 th of October arrived. During the day we jiassed several new improvements, which occasioned us to be less watchful and careful than we had been before. Late in the evening we landed opposite the island (on the Ohio side of the river, in what is now Athens County), then called the 1 lockhocking, and were beginning to flatter ourselves that we should reach some inhabitants the ne.xt day. Having eaten nothing that day, contrary to our usual practice, we kindled a fire and cooked supper. After we had eaten and made the last of our flour into a loaf of bread, and put it into an old brass kettle to bake, so that we might be ready to start again in the morning at daybreak, we lay down to rest, keeping the same clothes on at night that we wore during the day. P'or the want of a better, I had on a hunting shirt and britch clout (so-called), and flannel leggings. I had my powder horn and shot pouch on my side, and placed the butt of my gun under my head. P’ive of our company lay on the east side of the fire, and James I'empleton ami myself on the west ; we were lying on our left sides, myself in front, with my right hand hold of my gun. l empleton was lying close behind me. d'his was our position, and asleep, when we were fired upon by a party of Indians. Immedi- ate!)' alter the fire they rushed upon us with tomahawks, as if determined to finish the work of death they had begun. It ap- peared that one Indian had shot on my side of the fire. I saw the flash of the gun and felt the ball pass through me, but where I could not tell, nor was it at first painful. I sprang to take up my gun, but my right shoulder came to the ground. I made another effort, and was half bent in getting up, when an Indian sprang past the fire with savage fierceness, and struck me with DAYTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 979 ST. ELIZABETH HOSPITAL. Hearing' no one coming his tomahawk. From the posi- tion I was in, it went between two ribs, just behind the back- bone, a little below the kidney, and penetrated the cavity of the body. He then immediately turned to Templeton, (who by this time had got to his feet with his gun in hand), and seized his gun. A desperate scuffle ensued, but Templeton held on, and finally bore off the gun. In the meantime I made from the light, and in my attempt to get out of sight, I was delayed for a moment by getting my right arm fast between a tree and a sapling, but having got clear and away from the light of the fire, and finding that I had lost the use of my right arm, I made a shift to keep it up by drawing it through the straps ol my shot pouch. I could see the crowd about the fire, but the fir- ing had ceased, and the strife seemed to be over. I had reason to believe that the others were all shot and tomahawked, towards me, I resolved to go to the river, and, if possible, to get into the canoe and float down, thinking by that means I might possibly reach Point Pleasant, supposed to be about loo miles distant. Just as I got on the beach a little below the canoe, an Indian in the canoe gave a whoop, which gave me to understand that it was best to withdraw. I did so ; and with much difficulty got to an old log, and being very thirsty, faint and exhausted, I was glad to sit down I felt the blood running, and heard it dropping on the leaves all around me. Presently I heard the Indians board the canoe and float past. All was now silent, and I felt myself in a most forlorn condition. 1 could not see the tire, but determined to find it and see if any of my comrades were alive. I steered the course which 1 supposed the fire to be, and having reached it, I found Templeton alive, but wounded in nearly the same manner that I was. James Wernock was also dangerously wounded, two balls having passed through his body ; Jos. hlcXutt was dead and scalped ; H. Perry was wounded, but not badly, and Isaac Greer was miss- ing. The miseries of that hour cannot well be described. Wdien daylight appeared we held a council, and concluded that inasmuch as one gun and some ammunition was saved. Perry would furnish us with meat, and we would proceed up the river by slow marches to the nearest settlements, supposed to be lOO miles. A small quantity of provisions which was found scattered around the fire was picked up and distributed among us, and a piece of blanket, which was saved from the fire, was eiven to me to cover a wound on my back. On examination, it was found that two balls had passed through my right arm, and that the bone was broken ; to dress this, splinters were taken DEACONESS HOSPITAL, APPLE STREET, BETWEEN MAIN AND BROWN. fi'om a tree near the fire that had 980 THE BOOK OF OHIO. been shivered by lig-htning, and placed on the outside of my hunting shirt and bound with a string. And now, being in readiness to move, Perry took the gun and ammunition, and we all got to our feet except Wernock, who, on attempt- ing to get up fell back to the ground. He refused to try again, said that he could not live, and at the same time desired us to do the best we could for ourselves. Perry then took hold of his arm and told him if he would get up he would carry him ; upon this he made another effort to get up, but falling back as before, he begged us in a most solemn manner to leave him. At his request, the old kettle was filled with water and placed at his side, which he said was the last and only favor required of us, and then conjured us to leave him and try to save ourselves, assuring us that should he live to see us again, he would cast no reflections of unkindness upon us. Thus we left him. When we had got a little distance I looked back, and distressed and hopeless as Wernock’s condition really was, I felt to envy it. After going about loo poles, we were obliged to stop and rest, and found ourselves too sick and weak to proceed. Another consultation being held, it was agreed that Templeton and myself should remain there with lAlward Mitchell, and Perry should take the gun and go to the nearest settlement and seek relief. Perry promised that if he could not procure assistance he would be back in four days, lie then returned to the camp and found Wernock in the same state of mind as when we left, perfectly rational and sensible of his condition, replenished his kettle with water, brought us some fire, and started for the settlement. Alike unable to go back or forward, and being very thirsty, we set about getting water from a small stream that happened to be near us, our only drinking vessel an old wool hat, which was so broken that it was with great difficulty made to hold water ; but by stuffing leaves in it, we made it hold so that each one could drink from once filling it. Nothing could have been a greater luxury to us than a drink of water from the old hat. Just at night Mitchell returned to see if Wernock was still living, intending, if he was dead, to get the kettle for us. He arrived just in time to see him expire ; but not choosing to leave him until he should be certain that he was dead, he stayed with him until darkness came on, and when he attempted to return to us, he got lost and lay from us all night. We suffered much that night for the want of fire, and throuorfi fear that he was either killed or that he had run off; but happily for us our fears were groundless, lor next morning at sunrise he found his way to our camp. I'liat day we moved about 200 yards farther up a deep ravine, and farther from the river. The weather, which had been cold and frosty, now became a little warmer, and commenced raining. Those that were with me could set up, but I had no alternative but to lie on my back on the ground, with my right arm over my body. The rain continuing next day, Mitchell took an excursion to examine the hills, and not far distant he found a rock pro- iecting from the cliff sufficient to shelter us Irom the rain, to which place we very gladly removed. He also gathered pawpaws for us. PKESHYTEklAN CUUKCH, COKNEK OF LUDLOW AND THIRD STREET. EIGHTH DISTRICT SCHOOL BUILDING. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 981 RESIDENCE OF MRS. E. M. THATCHER. which were our only food, except perhaps a few grapes. Time moved slowly on until Saturday. In the mean- time we talked over the dang-er to which Perry was exposed, the distance he had to go, and the improbability of his returning. When the time had expired which he had allowed himself, we concluded that we would, if alive, wait for him until Mon- day, and if he did not come then, and no relief should be afforded, we would attempt to travel to Point Pleasant. The third day after our defeat my arm became very painful. The splinters and leaves and my shirt were cemented together with blood, and stuck so fast to my arm that it required the application of warm water for nearly a whole day to loosen them so that they could be taken off; when this was done, I had my arm dressed with white oak leaves, which had a very good effect. On Saturday, about 12 o’clock, Mitchell came with his bosom full of pawpaws, and placed them convenient to us, and returned to his station on the river. He had been gone about an hour, when to our great joy we beheld him coming with a company of men. When they approached us, we found that our trusted friend and companion, David Perry, had returned to our assistance with Captain John Walls, his officers and most of his company. Our feelings of gratitude may possibly be conceived, but words can never describe them. Suffice to say that these eyes flowed down plenteously with tears, and I was so completely overwhelmed with joy that I fell to the ground. On my recovery, we were taken to the river and refreshed plentifully with provisions, which the captain had brought, and had our wounds dressed by an experienced man, who came for that purpose. \\ e were afterwards described by the captain to be in a most forlorn and pitiable condition, more like corpses beginning to putrify than living beings. While we were at the cliff which sheltered us from the rain, the howling of the wolves in the direction of the fatal spot whence we had so narrowly escaped with our lives, left no doubt that they were feasting on the bodies of our much-lamented friends, McNutt and Wernock. While we were refreshing our- selves at the river, and having our wounds dressed. Captain Walls went with some ot his men to the place of our defeat, and collected the bones of our late companions, and buried them with the utmost expedition and care. We were then con- ducted by water to Captain Walls’ station, at Grave Creek. Natural Advantages. — Long before any permanent settlement was made in the Miami Valley, its beauty and fertility were known to the residences of t. a. segler and r. j. cunain. ■jti-fi-Nitfrar t L..„ RESIDENCE OF R. W. KEHN. BECKEL BUILDING, THIRD AND JEFFERSON STREET. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 988 inhabitants of Kentucky and the people beyond the Alleghanies, and repeated efforts were made to get possession of it. These efforts led to retaliation on the part of the Indians, who resented the attempt to dispossess them of their lands, and the continuous raids back and forth across the Ohio River to gain or keep control of this beautiful valley, caused it to be called, until the close of the Eighteenth Century, the “ Miami Slaughter House.” The report of the French major, Celoron de Bienville, who, in August, 1749, ascended the La Roche or Big Miami River in bateaux to visit the Twightwce villages at Piqua, has been preserved, but Gist, the apfent of the Virofinians, who formed the Ohio Land Company, was probably the first person who wrote a description in English of the region surrounding Dayton. Gist visited the Twightweeor Miami villages in 1751. He was delighted with the fertile and well watered land, with its large oak, walnut, maple, ash. wild cherry and other trees. “The countr)',” he says, “abounded with turkey, deer, elk and most sorts of game, particularly buffaloes, 30 or 40 of which are frequently seen feeding in one meadow ; in short, it wants nothing but cultivation to make it a most delightful country. The land upon the Great Miami RESIDENCE OF W. CRAIGHEAD. RIVER FRONT ALONG THE >IIAMI, DAYTON. 1)84 THE BOOK OF OHIO, 4 COKNEK OF LUDLOW STREET AND MONUMENT AVENUE. Residence of E. J. Barney. River is very rich, level and well timbered, some of the finest meadows that can be. The grass here grows to a great height on the clear fields, of which there are a great number, and the bottoms are full of white clover, wild rye and blue grass.” It is stated by pioneer writers that the buffalo and elk disappeared from Ohio about the year 1795. The development of the Miami Valley has shown that the glowing accounts of the early explorers as to the fertility of the soil were not too highly colored. Beautiful and fertile as the Miami Valley is, no part of it surpasses, if it equals, the region immedi- ately surrounding Dayton. The “ Mad River Country,” as this region was called by the first pioneers, was the synonym for all that was desirable In farming lands. Dayton is fortunate in its location at the confluence of four important streams — the Miami, Mad River, Stillwater and Wolf Creek. Ifach of these streams has its valley of great beauty and fertility, and these valleys produce large and profitable crops of every variety. As reported in the United States census report of 1880, the total value of farm pro- ducts in Montgomery County in 1879 was $3,288,449, a greater amount than was produced by any other county in ( )hio. An incidental advantage resulting from the four river valleys is the facilities they afford for the construction of railroads, which, through them, may reach Dayton on easy grades, and at comparatively small cost. No doubt to this cause may be partly attributed the fact that, with Dayton as a centre, ten railroads radiate in every direction. One of nature’s chief gifts to Dayton is the building stone that underlies a large part of Montgomery County. ( )f special value is the Niagara, or, as it is commonly called, the Dayton stone. So extensive are the beds of this stone that Professor Orton, the State geologist, pronounces it inexhaustible. Another article, which at first thought may be considered of little value, is of the greatest importance, (iravel is so abun- dant and so cheap that we seldom reflect what an important part it has played in the develop- ment of the country. Professor ( )rton says : “ It is not easy to set a proper estimate upon the beds of sand and gravel of Montgomery County until a comparison is instituted between a region well supplied with such accumulations and another that is destitute of them. The gravel knolls and ridges with which in the southern and eastern por- tions of the county, almost every farm abounds, afford very desir- able building sites, and are gen- erally selected for such purposes. Land of the best quality for RESIDENCE OF W H. SCOTT, SALEM AVENUE. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 985 mortar, cement and brick mak- ing is everywhere within easy access. “An inexhaustible supply of excellent materials for road making — what is frequently designated the lime stone gravel, though in reality largely com- posed of granitic pebbles — is found in the drift deposits, from which hundreds of miles of turn- pikes have been already con- structed in the country, thus affording free communication be- tween farm and market at all seasons of the year. The smaller boulders of Canadian origin are selected from the gravel banks for paving stones, and tran- sported to the neighboring cities. In rep'ions where stone suitable o for macadamized pikes can be obtained, good roads can be had, even though gravel is wanting, but at largely increased expense oldest blildixg in daytox. above that of gravel turnpikes. The districts which are supplied with neither can certainly never compete in desirability with these gravel-strewn regions.” Benjamin Van Cleve, one of the original settlers of Dayton, gives in his journal an interesting account of the survey, in the autumn of 1795, of the purchase made by Governor St. Clair, Generals Dayton and Wilkinson, and Colonel Ludlow from Judge Symmes. Two parties set out, one under Daniel C. Cooper, to survey and mark a road, and the other, under Captain John Dunlap, to run the boundaries of the purchase. Mr. \"an Cleve says : “On the 4th of Xovember Israel Ludlow laid out the town at the mouth of Mad River and called it Dayton, after one of the proprietors. A lottery was held, and I drew lots for myself and several others, and engaged to become a settler in the ensuing spring.” In March, 1796, three parties left Cincinnati, led by William Harner, George Newcomb and Samuel Thompson. flamer’s party was the first to start ; the other two companies left on Monday, March 21, one by land and the other by water. Hamer’s party came in a two- horse wagon over the road begun, but only partially cut through the woods by Cooper, in the fall of 1795. The other party that traveled by land walked. They were two weeks on the road. Their furniture, stoves, clothes, provisions, cooking utensils, and agricultural imple- ments and other property, as well as children too small to walk, were carried on horses, in creels made of hickory withes, and suspended from each side of pack saddles. It was a difficult matter to ford the creeks without getting the freight and the women and children wet. Trees were cut down to build foot brido-es across the smaller o RESIDENCE OF ALBERT THRESHER. Streams. Rafts Were coustructed 98 ( THE BOOK OF OHIO. RIDGEWAY FEATS. to carry the contents of the creels and the women and children over large creeks, while the horses and cattle swam. Their rilles furnished them with plenty of game, and their cows with milk, at meals. Thompson’s party came in a large pirogue down the Ohio to the Miami, and up that stream to the mouth of Mad River. At the close of each day the boat was tied to a tree on the shore, and the emigrants landed and camped for the night around the big fire, by which they cooked their appetizing supper of game and fish and the eggs of wild fowls, for which the hunger of travelers was a piquant and sufficient sauce. No doubt their food, as described by other pioneers, was cooked after this fashion : Meat was fastened on a sharpened stick, stuck in the ground before the fire, and frequently turned. Dough for wheat bread was sometimes wound around a stick and baked in the same way. Corn bread was baked under the hot ashes. “ Sweeter roast meat,” exclaims an enthusiastic pioneer writer, “than such as is prepared in this manner no epicure of Europe RESIDENCE OF HUGO F. SCHNEIDER, SOUTH BANK STREET. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 987 ever tasted. Scarce any one who has not tried it can imagine the sweetness and gusto of such a meal, in such a place, at such a time.” The passage from Cin- cinnati to Dayton occupied ten days. Mrs. Thompson was the first to step ashore, and the first white woman, except, perhaps, the captive Mrs. Me Fall, rescued by Kentuckians in 1782, to set her foot on Dayton soil. Two small camps of Indians were here when the pirogue touched the Miami bank, but they proved friendly, and were persuaded to leave in a day or two. The pirogue landed at the head of St. Clair Street, Friday, April i. The following brief entry is the only allusion Benjamin Van Cleve makes in his “Journal” to this important event in the his- tory of Dayton : “April I, 1796. Landed at Dayton, after a passage of ten days. William Gahagan and myself having come with Thompson’s and McClure’s families in a large pirogue.” We can easily imagine the loneliness and dreariness of the uninhabited wilderness which confronted these homeless families. There were three women and four children — one an infant — in the party. “The unbroken forest was all that welcomed them, and the awful stillness of night had no refrain but the howling of the wolf and the wailing of the whip-poor-will.” During the summer of 1799 an Indian war was apprehended, and a large block house was built for defensive purposes. It stood on the Main Street bank of the Miami. The threatened attack did not come, and it was never used as a fort, but was converted into a school house, where Benjamin Van Cleve, the first Dayton schoolmaster, taught the pioneer children. RESrOENCE OF J. D. PLATT. December 13. 1803, Benjamin Van Cleve was appointed postmaster. Probably in the spring of 1S04 he opened the office in his cabin, on the southeast corner of h irst and St. Clair Streets. Fie served till his death, in 1821. Previous to 1804 the only postoffice' in the Miami valley, and as far north as Lake Erie, was at Cincinnati, and from 1804 till about 1806 the people to the north of Day- ton, as far as Port Wayne, were obliged to come to our office for their mail. In 1804 Dayton was on the mail route from Cincinnati to Detroit, and the mail was carried by a post-rider, who arrived and left here once in two weeks. But soon after Mr. Van Cleve opened the postoffice a weekly mail was established. Only one mail a week was received for several years, the route of which was from Cin- cinnati through Lebanon, Xenia and Springfield to Urbana; thence to Piqua ; thence down THE BOULEVARD LOOKING NORTH FROM THIRD STREET. SECOND STREET, LOOKING WEST FROM LUDLOW THE BOOK OF OHIO. 989 BARRACKS, HEADQUARTERS AND MEMORIAE HALL, NATIONAL MILITARY HOME. the Miami to Dayton, Franklin, Middletown, Hamilton and Cincinnati. A letter from Dayton to Franklin, or any other town on the route, was sent first to Cincinnati and then back again around the circuit to its destination. No stamps were used, but the amount of postage due was written on the outside of the letter. Postage was sometimes prepaid, but oftener collected on delivery. Mr. Van Cleve frequently inserted notices similar to the following in the newspapers: “The postmaster having been in the habit of giving unlimited credit heretofore, finds it his duty to adhere strictly to the instructions of the postmaster-general. He hopes, therefore, that his friends will not take it amiss when he assures them that no distinction will be made. No letters will be delivered in future without pay, nor W. C. A. BUILDING. , DAVIES BUILDING, FOURTH AND THIRD STREETS. 990 THE BOCK OF OHIO. not forwarded when the mai years the eastern mai’ papers without the postage being paid quarterly in advance.” Now that postage for all distances is equal and very low, we can hardly realize the burden and inconvenience the high and un- certain postage rates imposed upon the pioneers. Money was very scarce and difficult to obtain; and to pay 25 cents in cash for a letter was no easy matter. In 1816 the rates of post- age were fixed as follows: Thirty- six miles, six cents ; So miles, 10 cents; over 150 miles, 18^ cents; over 400 miles, 25 cents. News- papers anywhere within the State where printed, one cent. Else- where, not over 100 miles, one cent and a half. Magazines at one cent a sheet for 50 miles ; one cent and a half for 100 miles ; two cents for over 100 miles. Pamphlets and magazines were was very large, nor when carried with great expedition on horseback. For a good many was brought to Wheeling by post-riders, and thence down the river to Cincinnati in THE AMERICAN CLAY WORKING MACHINERY COMPANY. Manuf;icturers of brick, tile, terra cotta, sewer pipe iiiacliinery and brickyard supplies, liuilders of the Bucyrus Steam Tunnel Dryer, Bucyrus, Ohio. o-overnment mail boats, built like whalinpf craft, each manned with four oars- men and a coxswain, who were often armed. The voyage from Wheeling to Cincinnati occiqiied six days, and the return trip up stream 12 days. In the spring of 1805 the Dayton Library Society was incorporated by the legislature. It is creditable to the pioneer citizens of Dayton that among the first institutions established were a public library and an academy. In 1805 the first Act of Incorporation of a public library granted by the State of Ohio was obtained from the legislature, and in 1808 the Dayton Academy was incorporated. I'he Great Miami was navigable both above and below Dayton during the great part ot the year for keel boats, which were built like canal boats, only slighter and sharjier, as well as for fiat boats, till about 1820, when the numerous mill-dams that had by that time been erected, obstructed the channel. From that date till 1829, when the canal was opened, freighting south by water, except what was done in fiat boats during floods, was almost abandoned. The boats were often loaded with produce taken in exchange for goods, work, or even for lots and houses, for business men, instead of having money to f|:r THE AMERICAN CLAY WORKING MACHINERY COMPANY At Willoughby. deposit in bank or to invest, were fre- quently obliged to send cargoes of articles received in THE B. F. WADE PRINTING COMPANY, TOLEDO. place 01 casn : 50 utn p,;„ted. or North for sale. Cherry and walnut logs were sometimes brought down the river on the fiat boats. The fiat boatmen sold their boats when they arrived at New Orleans, and, buying a horse, returned home by land. The foundations of many fortunes were laid in this way. Flat boats were made of “ green oak plank, fastened by wooden pins to a frame of timber, and caulked with tow or any other pliant substance that could be procured,” and were enclosed and roofed with boards. They were only used in descending streams, and floated with the current. — From Howe’s History. ® TEUBENX'ILLK, the seat of Jefferson County, and one of the most flonrishiiny, iiulnstrions and enterprising eities of Southeastern Ohio, stands on historie ground. The authenticated histor>' S i of the territory, which is now Jefferson County, begins al)ont 1748, prior to that time variems ^ tril)es of Indians, about whom very little is known, lived in that vicinity. It was in 1748 when “The Ohio Company’’ was formed by Thomas Eee and twelve other gentlemen of \drginia, to whom were granted by the King of England 500,000 acres of land, situated on the Ohio River. So far as known the first English speaking white person to set foot in what is now Jeffer- son County, was a thirteen year old girl named Mary Jamison, an Indian captive, who was adopted by and for many years lived with the Mingo Indians in their village, the present Mingo Junction, about four miles southwest of Steubenville. The next historical fact of record, is the march of Colonel Henry BoiKpiet’s army of 1,500 men along Yellow Creek and across the county in Octolier, 1764, on their way from Fort Idtt to snlidue the hostile Indians in the Muskingum Valley. Six years later, in 1770, no less a personage than George Washington journeyed down the Ohio River to explore this section of the country, and so far as the records show, the only time he ever set foot on Ohio soil was when he spent several days in what is now Jefferson County. In his journal, under date of the 20th of October, 1770, after describing the topography of the land along the river in this county, he wrote: “We came to the Mingo town situated on the west side of the river, a little abo\X‘ Cross Creek. This place con- tains about twenty cal)ins and seventy inhabitants of the Six Nations.’’ In No\’eml)er, 1770, on his return trip up the river. General Washington again stopi:>ed at the Mingo town, spending there three days. In the spring of 1774, there api:>eared in what is now Jefferson Count)', one of the most remarkal)le men in the history of the United States — Eogan, the Mingo Chief. He was born near Shamokin on the Snscpiehaima, about 1730, and was the second son of Shikillemus, a chief of the Cayugas, one of the Six Nations. His father HALF-MOON FARM NEAR STEUBENVILLE. OHIO had been converted by a Christian missionary and government agent, John Logan, and named his second son in his honor. For a time he lived in the Kishaqnoquillus Creek Wile)’ in Pennsyhania, where he supported himself by dressing skins. His father died at the close of Pontiac’s War and in 1769 Logan moved to the Alle- gheny, where he remained but a short time, and in 1772 came to the Ohio \4dley, where he lived for a time at the Mingo town. Logan was a man of fine ph)'sique, lleet footed and of powerful endurance, a magnifi- cent specimen of his race. He was also brave, hospitable, tender of the feelings of others and possessed a remarkable fine sense of honor. He loved the white ])eople as he did his own race. In 1774 Logan and his fol- lowers on a hunting expedition encamped at the mouth of Yellow Creek. Across the ri\er Joshua Baker kept a backwoods grog shop, freciuented by the notorious Daniel Greathouse. It was the habit of the Indians to come over every day to the Baker tavern for their whiskey. Greathouse and his comrades secreted them- selves about the tavern one day when a number of warriors came o\'er, l)ringing the women and children with rilE BOOK OF OHIO. ‘)!)2 them. Ikikc'r ga\'c the Indians all the whis- ky lhe>' eonld drink, and when they were drnnk si.analed to tin* men in amhnsh. A nioinenl laler and llu“ work een deserted by the Irociuois several years before. The Indians in this vicinity did not cease hostilities towards the wdiitc settlers until after Wayne’s victory. In the autumn of 1785, General Richard Butler passed down the river wdth General Samuel H. Parsons and Colonel James Monroe, afterwards President of the United States. They stopped at Mingo town and found a number of people there, including some scpiatters wdio had settled on the west side of the Ohio River, con- trary to the act of Congress, forbidding such settlements. The great land system of the United States had its beginning when the survey of the seven ranges of government lands was made pursuant t(; an act of Congress, passed on the 25th of May, 1785. Seven days later Congress selected from each State sur- veyors for the public lands. In July of the year followdng the surveyors assembled at Fort Ihtt and shortly afterward began their work. They first ran a line westward from the intersection of the Ohio River and the western bonndry of Pennsylvania, forty-two miles. On the south side of this line, known as the “Geographers” line, seven tiers of ranges of townships, six miles square, were laid out adjoining Pennsylvania and extend- ing to the Ohio River. The ranges were numbered from one to seven from the Penn- sylvania line westward, and the townships 1, 2, 3, etc., from the river northwmrd. These towmshij)s were snbdivided into sections one mile square. The numbering of the ranges and towmships starts in Jefferson County. TowLMship 1 of range 1 takes in the north w'cst WATERWORKS, STEUBENVILLE comei' of Wells towiisliip, including sections THE BOOK OF OHIO. 993 29, 30, 34, 35 and 36. When the sur- vey of these seven ranges was com- pleted the government offered the lands for sale at one dollar per acre. The first sale was held in New York City, in 1787, and others afterwards at Philadelphia and Pittsburg. At the time the survey of the seven ranges was made the Indians in that part of the country were hostile and the surveyors ran their lines under the protection of Phiited States troops. In 1786, the govern- ment selected the present site of Steu- benville as the most desirable point in that vicinity for military defense, and instructed Captain Hamtramck to build a fort there for the protection of the surveyors. In February, 1787, , . Ill 1 HIGH SCHOOL, STEUBENVILLE this tort was completed and named Fort Steubenville after the famous Prussian Nobleman, Baron Frederick William Augustus von Steuben, Gen- eral Washington’s “drillmaster,” who rendered such \’aluable services to the cause of freedom during the Revolu- tionary War. The fort stood on the site of property located on what is now known as the northwest corner of High and Adams Streets, at Steubenville. The fort was in existence but a short while. In May, 1787, the troops were moved to Fort Harmar, at the mouth of the Muskingum River, and Fort Steuben abandoned. About three years later the fort was totally destroyed by fire. In the summer of 1792 a party of Indians mur- dered a white woman, named Mrs. Lawson \"an Buskirk, who was riding horseback on the \drginia shore, opposite Steubenville. The murderers, pursued by a number of white settlers, escaped, but about a year later Captain Lawson Van Buskirk, the husband of the murdered woman, enlisted a band of thirty men and at what is now called Battle’s Run, one mile from Mingo, gave battle to the Indians who had reappeared in the neigh- borhood. A number of Indians were killed. The only white man slain in this fight was Captain Buskirk him- self. This was the last battle with the Indians in Jefferson County. Virginia acquired title to the Northwest Territory by its several charters granted by James I in 1606, 1609 and 1611. By the treaty of peace of 1785, England assigned all her rights to the Lhiited Colonies, and the Indian titles to the Ohio Valley were relinquished by the treaties of Fort Stanwix on the 22d of October, 1784; of Fort McIntosh in January, 1785, and Fort Finney on the 31st of Januar}-, 1796. In 1794 \drginia ceded the Northwestern Territory to the United States. Congress, in 1787, apjiointed General Arthur St. Clair Governor of the Northwest Territory. The first county proclaimed was Washington County, on the 27th of July, 1788, which included the territory now embraced in Jefferson County, of which Steubenville is the county seat. On the 29th of July, 1797, Jefferson County was formed by proclamation of Governor St. Clair. Its original boundries embraced all of Ohio from Lake Erie on the north, to the southern line of Belmont County on the south, and from the Ohio River and Pennsylvania line on the east, to the Cuyahoga and Muskingum Rivers on the west. In 1799 Trumbull County was formed on the north, and in 1801 Belmont on the south. In 1802 the Northwest Territory was divided, and representatives from the eastern half held a convention at Chillicothe, and organized the State of Ohio. Columbiana County was formed in 1803, Tuscarawas in 1808, Harrison in 1814, and Carroll in 1832. In the same year a portion of Columbiana County was annexed to Jefferson County, lea\'ing the latter county with its present outline. The City of Steubenville, or “La Belle \dlle” — the city beautiful — as it is frequently called on account of its natural beauty, is the count}’ seat of Jefferson Count}’. It is admirably located on the west bank of the Ohio River. The ri\’cr at average height in front of the city is about 1,060 feet in width and the cornerstone of the Court House is 675 feet abo\’e the sea level at Sandy Hook. The cit}’ proper presents a frontage on the ri\’er of about three and a half miles, with an a\’erage width of about one mile, covering a territor}’ of about three BRIDGE CONNECTING STEUBENVILLE WITH THE STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA 004 TIIR BOOK OF OHIO. inik's and a half. 4'1 k‘ cit\' is surrounded 1)\' high hills, covered with dense forests and intersected by deep ra- \ iiu“s. 'I'wo bridge's, a railroad bridge and a modern suspension bridge connect Steubenville with the Virginia shore of the Ohio Ri\'er. The grand and 1 )eaut ifnl scenery in the immediate vicinity of Steubenville is not excelled b\- an\- in llu‘ Ohio \'allc‘>', and the name (dt\’ Beautiful is well deserved. I.fezaleel W c'lls, one of the hnmders of Steubeiu ille, who had been em])loyed as a surveyor by the govern- meni, was gi\-en his choice' of cash or land for his services. Me cheese the latter and in 1706 selected a tract of 1,100 acre's een the' we'st siele e>f the' river in Jefferse>n (d)unty. The northern boundry of this tract of land is now .\orlh Stre'e'l, in Steubenville'. James Reess, e>f Pittsburg, owned the land aeljeeining that of the Wells trae'l on the' neerth, anel in 1707 the twee mc'n laiei enit a te)wn anel nameel it Steubenville, after the F'e)rt which hael one-e' sloeeel on its site. Bc'zale'el Wells eliel all the surx’eying. The ejriginal town was bounded by the river Bank .MIe'y, Xeerth anel Seeiith Strc'ets. It was eliedeled intee 236 inlots (50 by 180 feet, with 20 outlots of five acres e'ae'h. 4'he' stre'c'ts and eille\’s een the eeriginal plat were practically the same as they are today. The first sale of town lots te>e)k pku'e' een the' 25th e>f August, 1707. In 1708 .Ml'. We'lls began the' erectieen eef a large maneer heettse in a beautiful greeve. The hentse was lin- islu'el anel eee'eaipie'el by him in 1800. Feer a Ic'w years the teewn progresseel slowly; plain houses were erected at first, anel it is re'e'eerelc'el that the' hrst brick chimney was built by Je)hn Ward in 1708. The town was first ine'eerporate'el on the' 14th eel I'ebruar>', 1805. A tew years later, as the snrrenmeling country became more thickly se'ttle'el .mel nav igatiein on the ri\ e'r increase el, the teewn began te> grow, and on the 5th of March, 1851, was incor- porate'd as a eit\’, with four warels. In 1872 aelelitional territeiry was taken into the ce)r]X)ration limits and two more' warels aelele'el. Sinex' that time the greewOh eit the city has been steady, industrial enterprises leicated in Sle'ube'iu ille', until teeeku' it is eene eel tlu' meist important inelustrial cities in the upper Ohio \"alley, with a popukitieeii e)f 22,301, acceereling tee the e^fticial census e)t 1010. 4'lu' Ste'ube'n\ille' elistrict lor the registratiem and sale e)l public lands in the Northw'cstcrn Territory was e'stablislu'el by aet e>l (\>ngress een the 10th eet May, 1800. Twx) days later David lloge, of Pennsylvania, was appointe'el Re'giste'r e>f thc' eefiicc', whie'h pejsitie)ii he held fen' a |)eriod e>f fewty years. It was in 1801 when Mr. Ih)ge' ])tire'ha.se'el treem Bezaleel We'lls tea' $50.00 le)t No. 104 em the east side of Thirel Street, north of Market, anel on the seeuth part of this built a he>use in which the lanel office was le)cateel until 1800, wdien it was removed to lot 113 e)ii 4'hird Street, neerth eel Washington, where it remained until 1821, when it was removed to a build- ing e)ii the' nortlu'ast e'orner e>f Market Street anel Alley A. In 1828 it w'as removed te> lejt 61 on the east side e)f 4'hii'd Street, bc'twe'en Market anel Aelams Streets. Here it remained until 1840. The first receiver of the Ste'id )e'n\ille eeffie'e' was Zachens Biggs, commissie>ned em the 1st of July, 1800; the seconel w’as Obediah Jennings, an atte)riu'\’ at law anel peelitician, whe) subsec|uently became a Presbyterian preacher. The third was Peter Wdlseen, appeeinteel on the 3d eel Neevember, 1008. He served until 1821, when General Samuel Stokely, wdio was in office' twel\e ye'ars, succeeeleel him. John H. Viers was appointed in 1833 and served until the Steuben- \ille' elistrie't was elisce)ntinueel by an act ejf Geengress ejii the 12th of June, 1840, when the unsold lands W'ere attaclu'd to the' ('hillie'othe district, and thus ended an interesting epise>ele in thc history of that region. 4'lu' first w hite' male child born w ithin the limits of Steubenville was James Hunter, a sem of Samuel Hunter. H(' was born on the' 18th of September, 1708. The first white female chilel was Sarah Ward, who was Ijorn in 1800. Wile'll the Whir of 1812 interrupteel communication with thc outsiele weirlel, the fact that there was not a wook'ii maimfactory in the United States became painfully evielent. Through the elfeirts of Bezaleel Wells and se'\e'ral other enterprising citivens of Steubenville this state of affairs w'as quickly rcmeelicel anel it is to their e'lU'rgy that Steul le'iuille enjoys the elistinction of having jiroeluceel the first woolen cloth in the I'niteel States. 4'he' original cemipany was compeiseel of Bezaleel W ells and Samuel Patterson, ejf Steubenville, James Ross anel Henry Baldwin, of Pittsburg. 4'hey erecteel a facteiry on Market Street. 4'he works started in Ajiril, 1815. Spin- ning and weae’ing we're at first carrieel on by hanel, but, in 1820, steam w'as applied te) thc power loom anel to the si)inning, knajijiing anel shearing. After thc first woolen mill hael been starteel in Steubenville, others we're' built anel feir many years Steubenville was the woe)l manufacturing center of the country. 4'he first bleeexk'el Merine) Sheep ever brenight to the fhiiteei States came to Steuleenville. 4'hey had bee'll impeirted Ireim Spain by William Jarvis, at that time Uniteel States C'emsnl in that cenmtry. Sheirtly after the importation of these animals Bezaleel W'ells, wdio was engaged in building the w'oolen mill in Steubenville, heard of these sheep, and went at once to \'ermont, where Mr. Jarvis lived, bought them and brought them to Steul H'lnille. 4'here they were lired for a number of years and were the parents of all thc fine shec]) in this region. In 1824 the flock numbered 3,500 and their wool was made into cloth in Steulienville. The modern Steubeinille is a cit>’ of great attractions. Its natural lieauties are greatly enhanced by the splendid bridges which connect the city with the W'est \'irginia shore, the many elegant residences and its miles of well-ke|)t fine .streets, its parks and jiublic buildings. Steubenville is prmid of the fact that its population has increased from 14,349, in 1900, to nearly twcnt>'- fi\e thousand in 1910. Within a radius of twenty-five miles frcmi Steubenville live more than 200,000 i)COi)le. The cit>' owns 24 miles of paved streets, 21 miles of sew'crs, 300 arc lights, the most comi)letc waterw'orks in that part of the state, and a splendid fire department. Not less than 1,550 buildings, valued at $7,500,000, wc'n' ('rei'tc'd in Steulienville since the 1st of January, 1900. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 995 The financial interests of Steubenville are concentrated in eight banks and four building and loan associa- tions, with a total capital of 11,346,520.06; a total surplus of $585,522.13, and total assets of $8,553,450.85. Six daily and weekly newspapers are published in that city. Religious services are held in 24 churches, while the youth of Steubenville is educated in ten public school buildings and four parochial schools. The Steuben \'ille Public Library is housed in a splendid building and contains over 12,000 volumes. As one of the old substantial cities of Ohio, Steubenc'ille for a long time had a slow, but steady growth. In the period of general prosperity, following the Spanish-American W ar, when the country entered upon its greatest career of expansion, not only in foreign and home markets, but also in manufacturing and business at home to meet these new demands, Steubenville fared unusually well in the re^■i\■al of business and the estab- lishment of new industries. Then the city “boomed” in a manner that would have done credit to the most enterprising western town. New manufacturing plants came in, communication was established across the river, a new bridge across the Ohio was built, trolley lines were established to neighboring cities, the population increased in leaps and bounds, and the city crept over the bluffs and spread out in two new suburbs. Its favorable situation amidst rich coal, oil and natural gas lands has gi\'en Steul)en\'ille many ad\'antages not enjoyed by other cities, and for this reason it has developed into an industrious city of great importance, with the brightest prospects for the future. Coal was found in the immediate vicinity of Steuben\ ille as early as 1810, when Bezaleel WTlls operated a “drift mine.” Since then, and especially during the last fifty years, the natural resources of that coal country have been developed to an un- dreamed of extent, and in re- gard to the output of coal, Jefferson County now ranks third among the coal produc- ing counties of the Buckeye State. In 1908 the total ton- nage of coal from the Jeffer- son County mines amounted to 3,565,000 tons. This tre- mendous production r e p r e - sented one-eighth of all the coal mined in the state. An- other important product of Jefferson County is its fire clay, which is found in enor- mous cpiantities and of excel- lent quality in that county. An impetus was given to the clay industry about 28 years ago by the discovery that the clay found in Jefferson Coun- ty was particularly adapted to the manufacture of vitrified street paving bricks. Steubenville had confidence in this discover}’ and concluded to make an experiment with and demonstrate to the world the excellent (luality of those bricks, b}’ paving one of its principal streets with the home product. Time has proved the good judgment of those who made this experi- ment for the original fire brick paving, followed in the course of time l^y many others, has given all the satis- faction anticipated and hoped for. Natural gas was found in Steul)en\’ille’s immediate vicinity as early as 1884, but it was five years later when oil was also found. Of the other gifts of nature in Jefferson Count}’, iron ore must also be mentioned, l)ut while excellent beds of iron ore have been found within five or six miles from Steu- benville, which have been practically tested. Lake Superior competition has so far pre\ented them from becoming useful commercially. These natural resources as well as splendid facilities by rail and water have naturally helped to develop the Steubenville industries. While the city in days gone b}’ had a number of tanneries and manu- factories of various kinds, it was left to the latter part of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century to stimulate local industries to gigantic efforts. After the Spanish-American War a number of outside manufacturing concerns were attracted by the man}’ natural advantages of Steuben\ille and located there. Their advent not onh’ l)rought prosperity to the cit}’, but also to the whole region of which Steul)en\ille is the natural center. New industries followed to settle in the bustling city, the place began to expand and soon the whole outward appearance of Stcuben^’ille was changed. Today the manufacturing interests of Steubenville are varied. The}' comjn'isc iron, steel, tin, glass, pottery, paper, fire clay products, wood and concrete building su])plies, cigars and stogies. The capital invested in the industries of Steubenville rose from $2,302,563 in 1900, to $13,043,000 in 1910, while the number of wage STEUBENVILLE, OHIO, IN 1905 THE BOOK OF OHIO. ',)<)() canuTs iiKTfascd from l,77d in lilOO, with annual wages of $734,244, to (),o27 in 1910, w'ith wages of $4,75(),402. 4'he \aliK“ of prodnelion in 1910 ainounted to $20, 119, 002, against $4,547,049 in 1900. ( )iu' of tlu' principal factors in the ])lienoinenal growth of Steubenville has been the “La Belle Iron Wdadcs,’’ one of tlu' lai'gest iiuU'pendent mills in the country. It was located in Steubenville in the late 90’s. 44ie firm has 3), 000 (.'inplox-es on its pa\roll, which lattc'r amounts to $3,095,507 annually. Among the other industrial jilants of Steubeinille ma\' b(‘ mentioiU'd “4dic‘ Acme ('dass W'orks, known all over the country as the “largest mannfact urers of lani[) chinmexs under one- roof, Fhe Steubenville Lottery," “The Ohio \"alley Clay C'om- pan\,“ “Chic-ago Wall L.iper Mill, Idu* Lopc' 4'in Plate Company,” “44ie Ohio Foundry and Manufacturing Companx,” "llarlje Paper Manufacturing ('ompanx’," “Woods Waive and Machine Company,” “The Steuben- xillc Stone ('ompanx,” “James Workman tv Sons,” “Central Sexver Pipe tv Sujiply Company,” “Steubeinille bv Compaiix-,” “Central Cooperage C'ompany,” “44ie Aetna Milling Company,” “4die Franklin Machine Works,” “4'he Xic'holson Brick Comiianx’,” and many others. Wluai the hill toj) suburbs xxvrc' dexeloped by a land company, txventy acres of land along the liluffs xvere deeded to th(‘ cilx’ for park juirposes. 44iis property, xvonderfully situated, has since been improved and pro- mises, in linuv to dcwc'loi) into a park ot superb beauty. 4'xvo miles up the rixw'r, in beautiful location, is “Stan- ton Park,” named after the- great War Secretary ot President Lincoln’s C'abinet, xvho xvas liorn and reared in Stenbcmxille. In a thickly xvccoclecl xalley, little' lakes and pretty pavilions haxw' lieen built, suiiplementcd liy modc'rn amusemc-nt apiiliaiu'es and a dancing hall, from xvhich one enjoys a xvonderful xdexv on the famous “Half Moon I'arm,” laxing in a great bend ot the rixer. 4'he city’s tinancial statenu'iit tor 1909 shoxved receipts ot $397,823.55 and expenditures of $383,009.00, Ic'axing a balance' ot $14,754.55. 44ie total boneled debt eepials $504,591.07, xvhilc the cash valuation of the sinking fund lor the' redemption ot debts amounts to $00,191.44. In this debt are included water xvorks bonds, $105,000.00, garbage' disposed bonels, $11,0004)0, sexver bonds, $99,000.00, anel improvement bonds, $05,000.00. M ost of the' improxements ot the e'ity have be'cn made in the last years, but noxv that the demands of the city along these' line's haxe' been ne'eirly met, the pre'sent exi)ense will be steadily reduced. 44ic transportation facil- itie's of Ste'ube'nx illc' are ieleal. We' cpiote from “Steuleenx ille, Ohio,” a bcjoklet published under the auspices of the “Ste'ube'uxille Cdiamber ot C'cjmmerce:” “Situateel midxvay bctxveen the great markets of the East and We'st and right at the eloor e>t the Creat Ledees” and the South, Steuljcnville is as advantageously locateel as eendd be imagiiu'd, xvhik' the transportatient service by rail anel water to all ])oints is ideal. 4" wo lines of rail- road run east anel xvest and txvo north anel south, all of xvhich are sui)plemented by the Ohio River. In the eitx' prope'r the Pittsburg, (dneinnati, Chicago X St. Louis, and the Clex^eland and Pittsburg Divisions of the Pe'imsx Ix ania Lines and the W heeling and Lake Erie Division c4 the Wabash Lines, and across the river the Pittsburg, Wlu'e'ling anel Kentucky Division ot the Pennsylxvmia Lines offer every passenger and freight facility. B\- these line's Ne'xx' York is ten hours elistant, (ducago txvelve, St. Louis fifteen, Cincinnati live and one-half, and Cdex’e'land four. Sixty-four trains, carrying 4, ()()() passengers, run out of the city every day, while the daily tonnage shiiiiied is 15,000 tons. lexer siiie'e the tirst jiioneers came ox-er the Allegheny Mountains, the Ohio River has been the source of transportation tor this region, about xvhich all others haxw' been grouped. 44ic moving of vast amounts of tonnage at cheap xvater rates has been ot tremendous adx'antage to manufacturers along the river. 4die impor- tanc'c' of maintaining this xvater traffic throughout the year is so clearly recognized that the United States Govern- ment has adojited a dehnite jiolicy toxvards the improvement of the Ohio River and is spending millions of dollars exc'i'y xear on the construction ot a system ot kxdcs and dams xvhich xvill increase the stage of w^ater from Pitts- burg to Cdiiro. 4'he first dam on the river xvas Iniilt at Davis Island, beloxv Pittsburg, and xvas completed in 1885, at a cost of $1,9994)99. So successful has it proved that all the other dams are to lie of the same type. Already the rixer is skukxvatered to the nine foot stage from Pittsburg to Rochester, forty miles above Steubenville, threi' of the dams betxveen Rocdiester and Steubenville are practically completed, and the dam at Brilliant, wife h xvill gixe slackxvater in front of the city is noxv fnished except for hanging the gates, so that in a fexv years the rixer xvill alxxax's be naxfgable from Steubeinille to Pittsburg. In lireparation for the increased trade, xvhich this xvill bring, the' city has built a public xvharf at the foot of Market Street. It is made of the very liest paxdng block to stanel the action of the xvater and present the right surface for the heavy teaming to xvhich it xvill be' subjected. Many people fail to grasp the signifcance and importance of this stupendous i)reiject. Today, uneler the present hanelicaps, over 15,909,999 tons of freight pass Steubenxille annually on a fleet eil 199 toxvlioats and 4,999 floats and barges, xvhose capacity of 4,999,999 tons is greater than all the tonnage of the registered x’es- sels in anx' seapeirt eif the Uniteel States. With naxigation assured throughout the year this xvill lie multiplied many times, transportation xvill be less hazardous and the loxvest freight rates of any inland district in the xx’orld xxill result. 4'he all-xvater route' doxvn the Ohio and the Mississipiii xvill put this great industrial region in touch xxith ex'ery port in the xvorld, especially after the comiiletion of the Panama Canal. Its international impor- tance can be rc'cognized from the fact that coal for the Ja]ianese tleets in the xvar xvith Russia xvas transported doxvn the Ohio. 4'he liulk of the local passenger traffic is serxw'd by a splendid trolley service xvhich meets every demand. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 997 By it one can live on the hill top suburbs and work anywhere in the Steubenville district with as much cenn- fort as in the older portion of the city, while interurban lines give cheap, rapid transportation at all hours t(j and from the neighboring towns and country. Because of the nature of the country along the river most of these lines were built at great expense, and credit is due the com])anies that they give excellent service at the lowest price. Up the ri\'er the Ohio \’alley Scenic Route takes one for forty miles through the most beautiful section of the Ohio \"alley. It is the direct route to Toronto, Wellsville, East Liverpool, Bea\’er, R(Kdiester, Pittsburg, Youngstown, Canton and Cle\'eland. Down the river on the Ohio side, the Steubenville & Wheeling Traction Co. connects with Mingo Junction and Brilliant. The new track beside the river to Mingo Junc- tion cost $225,000 for 1.8 miles, i)robal)ly one of the most expensive bits of trolley line in the country. Through the energy of Mr. D. J. Sinclair, the most prominent citizen of Steubenville, a steel bridge was built across the river at the foot of Market Street, a boulevard cut in the face of the bluff and a trolley line cxmstrncted to Follansbee and Wellsburg, where direct connection is made for Wheeling. Two more lines have been planned which will connect Steubenville with other points, one from Steid^enville to the new town of YT‘irton, six miles above the city, and the other to Canton, Ohio. Both of these lines woidd open up a rich country and add largely to the prominence of Steul)enville as a transportation center. Not to l)e outdone by her steam, water and trolley lines, the city itself has twenty-four miles of the best kind of street pa\’ing, which means that practically every street and alley has this improvement. The coun- ty, too, is known as having the best macadamized roads in the State, $1,000,000 having been expended upon her 154 miles of roads of this construction. In addition, there are eight miles of brick paved highwa\’s and 750 miles of dirt roads, all of which enable farmers and autoists to mo\'e quickly from place to place, and brings the country in close touch with the city. 998 THE BOOK OF OHIO RIVER PUMPING STATION, CINCINNA'll WATER WORKS. INTAKE PIER AND BRIDGE. CINCINNATI WATER WORKS. QQQQQQ LJ □ □ □ □ jl □ □ □ □ □ □ □ VERY Ohioan is justly proud of the fact that he is a Buckeye, and for this reason Ohioans in the various parts of the United States have evidenced their loyal attachment to the State of their nativity through the establishment and growth of their Ohio Societies. Their distinction in this regard surpasses that of citizens from any other American commonwealth, for Ohio Soci- eties are by far the most numerous and progressive of State Societies. From the shores of the Atlantic to the Pacihe Coast, from St. Paul to the Gulf of Mexico, Ohio Societies have sprung up and testify of the love of their members to the glorious old “Buckeye State.” OHIO SOCIETY OE NEW YORK. The oldest Society of Ohio Men, outside their native State, was organized in the City of New York on the 10th of November, 1885. Ohioans are loyal to their native State. Wherever they go they illustrate an extraordinary affection and devotion for their Mother State, such as is shown by the emigrants of no other. All over the country, even as far as the Pacihe Coast, the sons of Ohio have not forgotten to form an Ohio Society. But the most sin- gular fact, as showing the tendency of the Ohioans to keep alive their 3 ’outhful memories, is that in the metrop- olis of the nation, they should be the first to form an Ohio Society. A quarter of a century previous to the founding of the Ohio Society of New York, there was formed in the parlors of one of Ohio’s fair daughters, residing on Murray Hill, New York City, a Society composed mainly of Ohio ladies and gentlemen, which held weekly meetings, and which was afterward known throughout the country as the “Sanitary Fair.” The object was to send supplies, clothing, medicines, etc., to the soldiers at the front. A handsome silk banner was made at the cost of some $500, upon which was a beautiful embroidered coat- of-arms of the State of Ohio, to be presented to the bravest Ohio Regiment. As might have been expected, there was much rivalry for the possession of the prize. The commanding ofticers were appealed to, but could not be prevailed upon to decide the question, because, as one officer expressed himself, “it could not easily be decided which was the bravest, where all the regiments by their valor and heroism had co\'ered themseh'es with glory.” At the close of the war the Seventh Ohio \Ylunteer Infantry of Cle^'e- land secured the banner. This, however, was not carried further, but several members of the Ohio Society of New York were among the members of that Society — William L. Strong, Augustus D. Julliard, Theron R. Butler, Albert Yd Green, Thomas Reed, Joel Reed, A. Jennings, D. M. Porter, Samuel Hawk, Frank Work and Glinton W' ork. The Ohio Soldiers’ Aid Society was tormed about the same time at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York, of which Theron R. Bntler was elected President and John R, Gecil Treasurer. Committees were appointed to assist all the sick and wounded soldiers belonging to Ohio Regiments from the Army of the Potomac that could be found n the hospitals of New York and vicinity. Hun- dreds of disal)led Ohio soldiers were sent home, transportation free. Over 815,000 was expended in this good work. MUSIC HALL; CINCINNATI 1000 THE BOOK OF OHIO Upon the oc'casion of the tiiiUTul ot iho lal(' Salmon I*, ('base, in 1877, the subject a.uain canu' up and was warmly (liscnss(‘(l by a large number ot Ohioans who were residc'iUs ol Xew ^ ork at that lime, blit no dec'isi\(“ steps wen* taken. Se\eral gentlenu-n who were most aeti\’e at that time in llu' attempt to organize an ( )hi(.> Socic-t}' later took an energc“tie part in the ( )hio Soeiel\- of Xew \'ork. Among them weri‘ (ieiui'at 1 lc‘iir\' L. Ilnnu'tt, Whitelaw Reid, S. S. ('ox and otlu-rs. Again an attc“m])t was madt' in the latter part of llu' Sc‘\'ent ic-s, when some ol of the N'oimger (thioans in Xew \b)rk endeav- ored to form an ( )hio Society’. Se\ c‘ral meet- ings were' held at the 1 lotc'l St. Germain, but lh(' “lUudce^'e (dnb” did not spring into existence. 'I'he last attempt in this direction, in , PARK SCENE. MANSFICLD. OHIO bSSo, was siiccc'sslul. 'I'hert' was, henvever, still anotlmr “Ohio Society,’’ which was closely connected with the history of the Buckc'ye State, d'his Society \vas organized on the 25th of January, 1780, when, in answer to a call printed in llu' Boston i)apc'rs, elew'ii gentlenu'ii met at the Bunch of Grapes Tavern, in Boston, and elected General Rufus Butnam Bresident and \Adnthro]) Sargent Secretary of that organization. It was called the “Ohio Com- pany of Associates,’’ and was intended to promote emigration to Ohio and to develop that portion of the national domain, then a ])art of the State of \drginia. This was, undoul:)tcdly, the first Ohio Society. The toundation ])rinciples upon which the “Ohio Society of XTw 5"ork’’ was built were expressed in a few words by its first President, Thomas PAving, on the night when the labors of its founders had reached a i)oint where the work of organization was to be completed: “We tound this Society,’’ said he, “because we love Ohio, and would cherish her history, her traditions, her recollections of home, and camp, and forum.’’ It was in the spirit of loyal love for the State of Ohio and of fraternity among its sons that breathes in these words, that a few Ohioans in XTnv York ('ity came together in the closing days of 1885 for the i)ur|)osc of forming an organiza- tion that should bring the Ohioans in the Aletnj{)olis of the United States int(j chjser ])ersonal relations and keep alive the mem- ories of home in the city of their adoption. Suggestions and sentiment soon crys- tallized into a definite plan ot action. The idea met with the hearty co-o]X'ration of about thirty prominent Ohioans in New Ahirk, and, on the 7th ol October, 1885, NAIURAL BRIDGE. SP.-UNG GROVE CEMETERY, CINCINNATI rilE BOOK OF OHIO. 1001 HUGHES HIGH SCHOOL. CINCINNATI the following paper was issued: New York, Oct. 7, 1885. “We, the undersigned, hereby agree to unite with each other to form an Association to be known as the Ohio Association in Xew York, and to that end will meet at any place designated for the purpose of completing such organization, upon notice given to us whene\’er twelve j^ersons shall have signed this agreement. There is to l)e no expense incurred until the organization is completed and assented to by each member. C. \\h Moulton, Joseph Pool, Thomas Ewing, Sam- uel Thomas, Homer Lee, Whn. Perry Foggs- Milton Sayler, Mahlon Chance, L. M. Schwan, J. O. Moss, M. I. Southard, Anson G. McCook, W. CC Andrews, W. M. Safford, Calvin S. Brice, J. W. Harman, J. O. Howard, David F. Harbaugh, H. J. Jewett, Warren Higley, Cyrus Butler, Carson Lake.” In accordance with the abo\’e a notice was sent to the subscribers to meet at the offices of Ewing & Southard, No. 155 Broad- way, on the 13th of November, 1885. A majority of the signers being present. General Thomas Ewing was elected President, pro tern., and I)a\id E. Harbaugh, Secretary, pro tern., and a committee on permanent organization was api)ointed. At the second meeting, held on the 20th of Noveml)er, 1885, the committee on permanent organiza- tion presented a draft of a proposed constitution and by-laws for the Society, copies of which were printed and distributed among the former residents of Ohio living in New York and vicinity, to see whether a membership of at least one hundred desirable Ohioans could be obtained. This call was responded to cpiickly b\' over 125 “Buckeyes.” A meeting was called promptly by General Ewing, at the Fifth A\-enue Hcjtel, on the evening of the 13th of Januar\', 1886, at which over one hundred gentlemen were present. At this meeting the “Ohio Society of New York” was ]:>ermantly organized. An election was held and General Thomas Ewing was unan- imously elected President for the ensuing year. The Constitution of the Ohio Societ}" of New York has been the guiding star for other similar organiza- tions, founded later on in various parts of the United States, and is as follows: ARTICLE I. The name of this corporation shall be Ohio Society of New York. ARTICLE II. Its purpose shall be to cultivate social intercourse among its members, and to promote their l)est interests. ARTICLE HI. Section 1. There shall be three classes of members, Active, Non-resident, and Honorar>’. Sec. 2. The members of the Ohio Society' of New York (unincorporated) shall be members of this corporation. Sec. 3 Any person over eighteen years of age, of good moral character, and who is a native, or the son of a natiA'e, of the State of Ohio, or the son of a memlier of this SocietA', or has been a resident of Ohio for a jieriod of seven years, may be admitted as an Active member. Sec. 4. An\- person of like age and character, and similarh' (lualihed, residing in Ohio or born therein, or having been a resident thereof for se\‘en years, and residing elsewhere than in the city of New 5'ork and not Avithin fift\^ miles thereof, may he admitted as a Non- resident memlier. Sec. 5. Non-resident memliers shall be entitled to all the pricnleges ot the Societ}’, except that they shall not \ote or hold office. Sec. 6. Any person who shall be pro- one month in advance ma>' be admitted EDEN PARK, CINCINNATI THE BOOK OF OHIO. ’ shall b(‘ held on the 2‘.)th day of XoN’einber ol eac'h year, at S o’clock 1*. Al., unirss that da\’ shall bc' Sunday, in which e\'c>nt the nu'etiny shall be lu'ld on the next da\’ thereafter. OBSERVATORY. UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI AR'FICLE VI. Sicc'i'ioN 1. lAich Active member of the Society shall pay to the Treasurer twxmty dollars admission fc(.‘ and Fifteen dollars animal dues; and each Non-resident member ten dollars admission fee and ten dollars ', Chie'f Justice Morrison R. Waite, C'leneral Philip H. Sheridan, General W. T. Sherman, John Sher- man, Allen C. 'Fhurman, Marcus A. Hanna, A. S. Sullivan, S. S. Cox, General Henry Corbin, General S. Thomas, Co\T'rnor Asa S. Bushnell, Ciovernor (feorge K. Nash, John Hay, Cfcneral Russell A. Alger and others, while among its present memliers are President William H. Taft, William R. Day, Justice U. S. Suin'eme Court, Chas. W. h'airbanks, Joseph B. Eoraker, Senat(;r N. B. Scott, Senator Stephen 13. Elkins, James E. Cami^bell, Adyron F. Herrick, Andrew L. Harris, Judson Ilarmcm, Thomas Edison, Thos. Ewing, Jr., Col. H. O. S. Heistand, Col- gate Ho\l, General Benjamin LeEevre, Anson (b McCook, John J. McCook, Melville E. Ingalls, John D. Rocke- feller, Judge* 'Fhos. H. Anderson, (General J. S. Casement, Wade Ellis, Julius Eleischmann, Adelville Cillett, Chas. P. Faft, Walur D. Ciuilbert, Warren (b Harding, Nicholas Longworth, Jas. Kilbourne, Cco. E. Pomeroy, Frank Rockefc'ller, Dohrman J. Sinc'lair and many others of National reputation. First President of the Ohio Society of New* A^ork w*as Cjcneral Thomas Ewing, (1886-1888), General \ACger Swa\ne was his successor (1888-1891), then followed William L. Strcjng (1891-1894), General Henry L. Burnett (1894-1898), Milton I. Southard (1898- 1901), Colgate Hoyt (1901-1903), John J. McCook (1903-1909), and Henry Wb Taft from 1909. THE OHIO SOCIE'PY OF PHILADELPHIA, PA. One of the most flourishing Societies of Ohio Men is located in the metropolis of the State of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. W'herever Ohioans reside they are loyal to their native State and therefore it was but natural that the “Buckeyes” of Philadelphia a number of years ago folhnved the example OLD MAIDS KITCHEN. CUYAHOGA FALLS of their Ncw York brethei'ii and in 1904 THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1003 STEAK4BOAT WA'i'S, CINCINNATI organized “The Ohio Society of Philadelphia,’’ which in the course of time has become one of the most important organizations of that kind. According to the Constitution of the Ohio Society of Philadelphia, the object of the organization is “to cultivate social inter- course among its members, and to promote their best interests.’’ Any person over eighteen years of age, of good moral character, and who is a native or lineal male descendant of a native of the State of Ohio, or has Iteen a resident of Ohio for a period of seven years, or is a son of a member of this Society, whose legal residence is within twenty-five miles of the City of Philadelphia, may be admitted as an active member. Any person of like age or character and similarly ciualified, residing in Ohio or born therein, or having been a resident thereof for seven years, and residing elsewhere than in the City of Philadelphia, and not within twenty-five miles from the City Hall, ma>’ be admitted as a non-resident memlier. The officers of fhis Society arc a President, five \dce-Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer and nine Trust- ees. The Board of Trustees is the Cioverning Committee, of which the President, Secretary, Treasurer and Chairmen of all committees are members ex-officio. The annual meeting of the Society takes place on the 11th of January, if that day is a Tuesday, and if not, on the first Tuesday thereafter. The Ohio Society of Philadelphia is famous for its annual banciucts and other festivities. The officers of the organization in 1911, were as follows: President, Wm. H. Hollar; Secretary, C. H. Graves; Treasurer, C. D. Spaulding; Chairman Membership Committee, E. O. Mosicr; Chairman Entertainment Committee, Chas. 1). Barney. THE OHIO SOCIETY OF DETROIT. The Ohio Society of Detroit was organized early in 1904. Among those prominent in its organization were, William C. Sprague, Harry S. Taylor, Thomas H. SimjDson, J. Cotner, Jr., A. A. Schantz, Clarence A. Black, Charles E. Baxter and Harry Skillman. Its object is the cultivation of a fraternal feeling among resi- dents of Detroit and vicinity formerly residents of Ohio, and keeping alive of memories of early days in the lives of its members spent within her liorders, and the fostering of a spirit of pride in her splendid achievements. Since its organization the Society has enrolled 315 members, among them being many men of ])rominence in the liusiness, social, educational, religious and political affairs of Detroit and Michigan. Acti\e membershi]) is limited to male resi- dents of Detroit or \\A> ne County who were born in Ohio. As first organized, none liut those born in Ohio could liecome memliers, but the C'onstltuf ion was later amended pro\'iding associate membershi]) for male residt'iits who, though not born in Ohio, but by AXTirs of residence in that State, are in sjiirit Ohio men. Associate members are entitled to all prixileges of actixa- members, except that thex' max' not hold office. The number of associate members may not at any time excc'cd txx entx’ per cent of the numlier of actix'e members. Honorarx' membership is also prox'ided for distinguished citizens of the luiited States xxho are from time to time guests of the Societx'. At the present time (July 1908) the roster of the Societx* contains the names of 202 actix'c members, 15 associate members, 10 honorary members and 6 deceased members. ENTRANCE TO EDEN PARK, CINCINNATI 1004 TIIR BOOK OF OHIO. 'The- affairs of tlie Society arc* managed by a Board of Governors consisting of tlie President, Vice-Presi- dent, Secretary and d'reasnrer and sex’en other members elected annually at a general meeting of the Society. 'I'he animal numibership fc-e is two dollars, d'he work of the Society has been thus far largely social and frater- nal. A 1 eatings arc' arranged by the Ihiard of Giovermn's and special committees appointed from the general membership, from time to tinue rsuall>’ aliout four general meetings arc held each year. The Society cel- (‘bratc's the* anni\(*rsary of the admission of Ohio into the Union by hedding its annual banciuct on the 30th of April each year. These functions are largely attc-nded by both ladies and gentlemen. A reception is held before (he baminet, thus affording opportunity for acfiuaintance and fellowship, and the event is each year looked loi'ward to with intorc'st. 1 )nring its bric-f history the Socic*ty has welcomed as its guests at these annual baiupiets many distinguished sons and former n“sidents of Ohio. .Among them are the folhnving: (General 1 . R. Sherwood, M. C., from Toledo ; lion. llarve\' 1). ('ioiil(k*r, ol ( lewland; lion. V. A. Durban, of Zanesville; Hon. Washington C'jardner, M. C., from Michigan; lion. J. .Adam Bede, Al. (A, trom Aiinnesota; ITm. Kdwin Denby, A/I. (A, from Michigan; Rev. Kichard D. llollington, ol d’olc'do; lion. 1). K. AlcKinley, AT C., Irom California; Hon. Harry Daugherty, of ('ohunbus; Hon. Charles R. Aliller, ol (develand, and Hon. AAAlllam C. Alaybury, Kx-AIayor of Detroit and former ( 'ongrc*ssman trom Alichigan. Not h‘ss c'njoyable than these annual baiKpiets have been the informal suppers and smokers held from time to time, at which attendance has been limited to the regular memliership of Ohio men. Through the geiu*rosity of the* C(*neral Alanager ol the Detroit eS: Cleveland Na\igation Company, Air. A. A. Schantz, an enthusiastic BiK'kt“>’e and an Ifx-President of the Society, the members with their families have for three years in the month of June enjoyed a delightful (juting to Toledcj and return on one of the fine steamers of that company. Since the organization of the Soc'iety the following have served as officers and members of its Board of ( 'lovc'i'iiors: .AS PRESIDENT. William C. Sprague 1004 ('larencc A. Black 1!H)5 J. Coiner, Jr ItlOO A. A. Schantz 1007 IlaiT}^ h'rost 1008 I larry Skillman 1000 AS VICE-PRESIDENT. C'larence /A. Black 1004 4'homas II. Simpson 1005 .A. A. Schantz 1000 I larry Frost 1007 I larry Skillman 1 008 AS SEC RIATARY-TREASURER. J. C'otner, Jr 1004 I larry 4'aylor (Resigned March 24th) 1005 h'red (A Shi])man 1005 AS SECRIATARAA I larry Skillman 1000 Sherman I). Callender 1007-0 AS TREASURER. Harry S. Taylor 1000 A. A. Hare 1007-8 AS AHAAIBERS OE BOARD OF GOVERNORS. 1 larry S. 'Faylor 1004 'I'homas H. Simpson 1004 .A. .A. Schantz 1004-5 I larry Skillman 1004-5 Charles E. Baxter 1004-5 I larry Frost 1005-0 AAdlliam (A Sprague 1005 (i .A. B. .Atwater 1005 F. B. Dickerson 1005 William 11. Miller 1000 Henry E. Bodman 1000 Rev. S. S. Manjnis 1000 (Acorge AAA Burns 1000 AAA S. Kinnear 1000 Norman B. C'onger 1000 Lon Burt 1007 J. Cotner, Jr 1007 br. H. S. Kiskadden 1007-8 Paul H. Deming 1007 N. CA Kingsbury 1007 James (). Mnrfin 1007 Erank E. Tillotson 1007 Dudley AAA Smith 1008 Junius E. Bruce 1008 Jose]:>h II. Clark 1008 Irvin Butterworth 1008 1008 AA’illiam E. AAVjcxl rilE BOOK OF OHIO. lOOo CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF OHIO SOCIETY OF DETROIT. CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. NAME AND OBJECT. Th is Association shall be known as The Ohio Society of Detroit. Its object shall be the cultivation of a fraternal feeling among residents of Detroit and vicinit}’ formerly resident in Ohio, the keeping alive of memories of early days in the lives of its members spent within her l)orders, and the fostering of a spirit of pride in her splendid achievements. ARTICLE II. MEMBERSHIP. Active Members. Any male person eighteen (18) years of age or over, resident in the County of Wayne and State of Michigan, or whose principal place of business is in said County, shall be eligible to acti\c mem- bership, provided he was born in the State of Ohio. Associate Alemliers. Citizens of Detroit who, though not born in the State of Ohio, but by >'ears of resi- dence in that State are in spirit, if not in fact, true Ohio men, may be elected Associate Members, and have the same privileges as Acti\'e Members, jtaying regular dues, voting, and discharging the duties of Acti\x Mem- bers, except that they may not hold office. Provided, however, that Associate Members so elected shall not at any time exceed in number twenty (20) per cent of the number of Active Members of the Society. Honorary Members. An>’ citizen of the United States may be elected an Honorary Member, but shall not pay dues, vote or hold office. All applications for membership must be hied in writing with the Secretary of the Society, which apjilica- tion shall bear the recommendation of at least one memlier. The Board of Governors hereinafter provided for shall pass upon the applications, the negative votes of two members of the Board being sufficient to reject any applicant. ARTICLE HI. OFFICERS. The officers of the Society shall be a Ih'esident, a \dce- President, a Secretary and a Treasurer, whose duties shall be as are laid down in the by-laws and such as usually pertain to such offices. Such officers shall be elected at a general meeting, of which all members shall have notice, next preceding the annual meeting. And the officers so elected shall assume their duties at the close of the regular annual meeting and shall hold office until their successors are elected and c]ualihed. ARTICLE l\h DUES. Each member of the Society shall pay to the Treasurer -12. 00 annual dues, the same being payable at the time of the annual meeting in each year. An>' person elected in the second half of the hscal >’ear shall be required to pay only one-half of the annual dues for that year. ARTICLE V. BOARD OF GOVERNORS. The affairs of the Society, subject to the action of the Society at meetings duly called, shall be managed by a Board of Governors, consisting of the President, the \dce-President, the Secretary and the Treasurer, together with seven men who shall be elected at a general meeting of the Society, of which all members shall have notice, next preceding the annual meeting. All members of said board shall assume their duties at the close of the regular annual meeting and shall hold office until their successors are elected and (jualihed. The President, or in his absence, the Mce-President, shall be Chairman of the Board. ARTICLE Ad. ANNUAL MEETINGS. The Society shall meet annually on the ewning of April 30 (the anni\'ersar3’ of the admission of the State of Ohio into the Linion), unless the Board of Go\’crnors shall elect otherwise, of which action due notice shall be given to all the members. ARTICLE \ II. AMENDMENTS. The Constitution and By-laws of the Society may be amended at any regular meeting on the approval of two-thirds of the members present. Amendments may also be made at siiecial meetings where notice of the meeting and notice of the amendment or amendments projiosed are gi\’en to the members in ad\'ance. 100() THE BOOK OF OHIO. I'lli: OHIO ASS( K'lA riOX ( )F WASllIXC/l'OX, I). ('. Tlu‘rc“ is in the Cit\' ot W’ash- in^lon an or^ani/at ion known as Tlu' ( )hio lvc| )iil iliran .Association ot W ashiin^ton , I). ( . It \\’ 23, 1903. The speeches were of a very high order of patriotism and eloquence, and were interspersed with appropriate instru- mental and vocal music. The speakers were: Hon. D. K. Watson, President of the Association; Hon. James R. Garfield, Hon. Alphonso Hart, Alajor Fred C. Bryan, Hon. John P. Green and Air. T. AT Sidlivan, Sec- retary of the Association, and Prof. J. Fraise Richard read a poem entitled “Back In Old Ohio.’’ The proceedings were published in The Alecca, of New A’ork and Washington, and form a si;)lendid and valuable contribution to the history of the grand old State. One of the beautiful and patriotic features cd' this celebration was the presentation of a small American flag to every one present. When the Association was organized in 1880, it elected Hon. M'illiam Tawrence, of Bellefontaine, the first Comptroller of the Treasury, President, and Harold C. Alagrew, of Zanesville, Secretary. These gentlemen continued to hold their respecti^'e offices for a period of three years, during which time the Association greath’ increased in numbers and influence, and rendered some very valual)le campaign service. During the first Cleve- land administration, it was al)out the only State organization that remained intact and in acti\'e service, l)ut its temerity caused many of its more active spirits to lose their political heads. During the Harrison adminis- tration, it took on new life, and did some splendid political work. During the second Cleveland adminis- tration, it was deemed wise to curtail its former activity, and soon after the administration was installed, with Alichael Sells, of Georgetown, Brown County, as President, and Owen P. Keller, of Caldwell, as Secretary, it adjourned to meet at the call of the President, which call was issued just jjrior to the inauguration of Presi- dent AIcKinley, during whose terms and the administration of President Roosevelt, it has been in acti\’e opera- tion, and has done some splendid political work. One characteristic of this organization is that, while it has its strong partisans, it has never allowed factionalism to mar the harmony of its proceedings, nor interfere with its party work, nor has it ever stooped to ferret our or seek the discharge of its political opponents, notwith- standing its members have suffered at their hands. Among its Presidents since Judge Tawrence have I)een: Hon. Thomas B. Coulter, Hon. Alphonso Hart, Hon. J os. H. Brigham, Alajor Fred C. Br\'an, Hon. D. K. Watson, Air. Wm. T. Symons, Air. T. AT Sulli\an. and its present incumbent, Hon. J. WA Bell, of Tondon. Its Secretaries have been: Harold C. Alagrew, three terms; Howard Dumble, J. W. AIcKinle\', K. C. Weaver, Owen P. Keller, T. AT Sullivan, fi\’e and one-half terms, WA T. Symons, C. C. AIorri.son, Har\e>’ B. Cji'am, three terms, and the present incumbent Hon. Url)an H. Hester, of A’an WTrt. Among its Honorary Alembers have been John Sherman, Stanley Alatthews, James A. Garfield, Benj. Butterworth, WAu. AIcKinley, General Chas. H. Grosvenor, Thos. T. AMung, J. Warren Kiefer, WA R. WAumock, Alarcus A. Flanna, Jos. B. Foraker, WAu. R. Day, Theodore E. Burton and Chas. Dick. While the Ohio Republican Association is a political organization, it is also a patriotic one. It is lo\al to the State in which its memliers are proud to claim citizenship, and in a little book, which contains its C'on- stitution and By-Taws, published while Air. Sullivan was Secretary, under the caption of “WAi>’ we are proud of Ohio,’’ there is this splendid tribute as evidence of its love for the State: ]()08 THE BOOK OF OHIO. “If there he one State in this Ihiion whose eitizens an' justly entitled t(j feel proud of the achiex'enu'nts of hc'r sons in shai)ing the dc'stiny, pix'sc'rx’ing the integrity and (h'lc'iiding llu' honor ol onr coninKni eonntry during the j)ast htty years ol (jur histoiw', that State is ()hio.’’ In 1!) 1 1 , anotiu'r non-politieal Society of ( )hio was organized in W ashington, I). ('. OHIO soriidiw oh' SOirnihiRX C'ALIh'ORNIA. ( )iu' of the most enthusiastic and nourishing Societies ol ()hio in the United States is the one which was organized in Los Angc'k's in the tall ot !!)()(), the Ohio Society of Southern ('alifornia. Today, after it has landing of the pioneers. Cincinnati hecn in existc'iice tor twelve years, it can boast (d a membership ot nearly one thousand Buckeyes. Its success has bc'en so great that the natives of other States, now' living in Southern California, have followed its example and have organized similar Societies. d'he history of the Ohio Society of Southern California dates back to the 17th of October, 1900, when the first nu'eting of Bucke>es in Southern ('alifornia was held in answer to a call issued by Mr. L. P. McCarty, ol Sail hrancisco, a native ot Ohio, who also had taken the initial steps toward the organization of the Society. Protc's.sor J. M. ( minn was called to the chair and presided over the meeting. The meeting was largely attend- ed, and wlu'ii the ([uestion of organization and of a charter w'as taken up, 213 pensons signified their desire to bc'c'ome charti'r members. At a meeting held on the 17th of November, 1900, the constitution and by-laws were' formall>’ adopted and an organization effected. 1 he object ot the Society is, in the words of the organization, “to promote social and fraternal relations among its nu'inbers; to collect and distribute iiitormation concerning the States of Ohio and California and their people; to make welcome visiting Buckeyes to our State, and to co-operate with other organizations in their efforts to advance the' interests ot Southern California.’’ All white persons o\er 18 years of age, natives of Ohio or residents therein for five years or longer, are e'ligibic' to nu'inbership, and members are to be found throughout Southern California. Meetings ol the* Society are held the first Tuesday evening of each month, and so i:>opular are these meet- ings and so rapidly has the attendance grown that it has been necessary, within the last few months, to change the place ot meeting from the Women’s Club House to the big auditorium of the Fraternal Brotherhood Build- ing, in order to accomodate all who attend. All Ohioans, wdiether memliers of the Society or not, are invited to these meetings, wdiich are most delightful affairs. There is usually a short program of music and recitations and often times an address by some Buckeye who has attained l)articular fame. Sometimes the speakers are residents of Southern California, and sometimes Buckeyes w'ho are merely sojourning here for the time being. Then after the program refreshments are served, old acquaintances renewed, new ones made, and sometimes there is dancing. Especial effort is always made to invite visiting Ohioans to these meetings, and many a tourist who has been a bit home- sick for the sight of a familiar face and the sound of a “home’’ voice has thus found new friends w'ho knew' old mutual friends in Ohio, and the cordiality of his welcome has driven all thought of homesickness from his mind. Every summer the Society has at least two outiugs. In addition to the social feature of the Society, a register is kc'i)t at the office of the Secretary of all members, the part of Ohio they came from, when they came, and their Southern California addresses. A register is also kept ol all Buckeyes, tourists as well as permanent residents, who care to leave their names. These registers have been of much assistance to more than one Ohioan w'ho w'as seeking to locate old friends w'ho had IN BURNET WOODS. CINCINNATI . IT ' I I 1 .1 1 I f 1 I., come to Lahrorma. 1 hey have also been most helplul m tracing Ohioans for iiuiuiring relatives and friends at home. THE BOOK OF OHIO 1009 A perusal of these registers is most interesting. It shows that every county of Ohio, and nearly every city, town or village is represented in those lists of former Ohioans. On both the members’ and visitors’ register are names that are known not only the country over, but throughout the civilized world, for there are few famous Ohioans who visit Southern California for any length of time who do not find their way to the Secretary’s office and register. There are in Los Angeles hundreds of Ohio people whose names are not on the rolls of the Society, but there are few of them who have not attended at least one meeting of that organization, or who have not availed themselves of the use of its registers to get trace of people they knew “back East.’’ Every Buckeye receives a royal welcome from the Ohio Society of Los Angeles and all visitors are urged to make themselves known to its officers and members. “Auld acquaintance” is not easily forgotten by the Buckeyes of Southern California, and the mere fact that you are a Buckeye makes you the “auld acquaintance” of every other Buckeye in the Land of Sunshine. PLEASURE CRAFT ON THE ROCKY RIVER. CLEVELAND TO 10 THE BOOK OF OHIO By W. L. Curry, late Captain First O. V. C. COMPANIONS OF THE LEGION. E meet in communion away from the battle — Afar from the shadows of war’s shattered pines; No longer we stand ’mid the Musket’s death rattle WEere often we stood at the head of the lines; The grass groweth green by the historic river, The wren builds anew in the cannon’s grim mouth; And comrades have passed from our Legion forever \^dio shared battle’s dangers afar in the South. We welcome you, comrades, for here in communion Heart beateth to heart as in War’s “long ago,’’ When loyal we stood ’neath the flag of the Union, And met in the carnage the stubborn foe; Our heads have grown silvered, the bugles of glory For us sound no more on the fields of our fame. Content to let nations rehearse the great story How saved was our country from National shame. Brave comrades have crossed to the camp that’s eternal. Who fought by our sides on the land and the seas. And there on the hill that is grand and supernal They wait for us all ’neath the shade of the trees; Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, Thomas — immortals — The comrades we cherished have passed to their rest. We bore them away through Fame’s lustrous portals. Each one with the badge that we love on his l)reast. So, comrades, tonight gather closer together. The Legion still lives in the light of the Past; No matter the years and no matter the weather, As soldiers and comrades we’re still standing fast; And if from the years that stretch dimly behind us Comes the flash of the swords that we drew in our day, WT smile for the vision appears to remind us Of the youth that we spent in the battle’s red fray. How' grand is the Legion, how’ great is its story. Akin to the Order that Washington knew. We meet ’neath the fair, stainless folds of Old Glory, For which gleamed our l)lades in the “days of the 13hie.’’ The tie that doth l)ind us no power can sever, ’Tis the tie of the sw’ord and the tie of the soul; And the love of the Legion flow’s on like a river. To the sea of God’s promise — humanity’s goal. (Poem dedicated to the Loyal Legion. Read at a banquet in Columbus, O., Nov. 2, 1904.) 1012 rilE BOOK OF OHIO. As shown 1)\’ the records of the ('oinniander-in-Chief, “d'he Militar\- ()nler of the' Loyal Legion had its inception on that sadde-st da\-, at the eonelnsion of the' Whir of the Rebellion, when lunnanity thronghont the world was shocked at the death of Abraham Lincoln. In honor of that ilhistrions memory and of tlie great eansc' for whieli we fought; in recognition oi the affectionate friendshi])s which had been inspired among llu' oflieers of the arm}' then about to disband; in historic recollc'ct ion of tlie Socic't}’ of tlie (dneinnati, which had embraced th(' oflieers of the Rc'\'olutionar\’ Arm}’, it was determined to form this ()rder; and at a meeting of a h'W oflieers in the Cdt}’ of Lhiladelphia tiu' initial steps were that day taken tor its organi/at ion. It was the first ol the' military societies which followc'd, or rather aeeomj)anied the close of the War.” ( )n Ai)i'il 15, 1S()5, a meeting was held in the ofliee of Lieutenant-C'olnnel d'homas Klwood Zell, in Philadeli)hia, to t.dcrs participated with their commands. It is also a fraternal organization, for there is no comradeship so close as that welded in the fire of l)attle. 'The war skt'tches written by companions (4' the Legion and published l)y the Order are intensely interest- ing. The cam|)aigns and battles are grai)hically described and give color to the scenes of wmr that can only be truly portrayed l)y the very actor in that sanguinary drama- These war sketches are not cmly interesting t(j mem- l)ers of the Order and all ex-soldiers, but these individual expe- riences (4 the cam]), march and battlefield will furnish material for the future writers of history, novel and poetry. President Rutherford B. Hayes was the first Com- mander of the Loyal Legion in Ohio, and he was elected to that honcjrable ])osition February 7, 1883. In an address delivered before the members ot the Order, he said; “As to biogra])hy, under the rules ot our Order, at least two biograi)hical sketches of every member of the Loyal Legion will l)e printed and preserved. The first in his application for membership in the Order. This must be prepared l)y him- self and will have the advantages which always belong to autobicjgraphy. An autobiography, il well done, is the best possilile personal sketch. If poorly dime, it is like the pris- oner’s plea of guilty to the indictment against him, and fixes his place beyond recall. The second sketch is i)repared by the hands of beloved companions when a member passes from OLD LOG CABIN. WARRLN COUNT'i', OHIO THE BOOK OF OHIO 1013 the seen to the unseen world. When the Scott, or Hawthcjrne, or Cooper, or Dickens of the future writes his most graphic pages ot this interesting period, with what delight will he dig among the records which the Loyal Legion is now engaged in making. Its social and fraternal aims — no one has more often or more truly realized what is gained on these lines than myself; a wide and constant traveler, in the pursuits to which I am devoted, the value and interest of the acquaintance, which, by reason of the little button of oiir Order, which I always wear, made daily — made everywhere — South as well as North — cannot easily l)e described. Fraternal and educational — no other comradship is ecpial to that of the association in war for a common cause — and that a divine cause — the cause of Idiion, of Liberty, of our Country, of mankind. Those of ns whose memories enable us to recall the events of sixty or sixty-five years, can feel as if we were contemporaries with Christopher Columbus, with the first parents, with Adam and with Eve, for we ha\’e lived to see a new world, a new creation. A world where all arc or may l)c free; where all are or may be edu- cated; wdiere all are or may l)e at peace. And the colossal event of this gigantic period was our divine war, which either gave to the world or secured to the world these blessings; the war for the Union and Liberty; a war great as a mere war, greater still for its ideas and principles, and greater of all for its sublime, its divine results. It gives us Ihiion and peace instead of division and discord, and in the place of slavery and ignorance, it gives us intelligence and freedom. Of all this, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States is a token and a sign, a prophecy and a memorial.” The preamble of the constitution reads as tollows: officers and honorably discharged officers ot the Army, Navy and Alarine Corj^s of the Idiited States, whose names are hereunto annexed, having aided in maintaining the honor, integrity and supremacy of the National Government at a critical period of its history, and holding in remembrance the sacrifices in common made and the triumphs together shared in discharge of this sacred duty, unite to ordain and estaldish a per- manent association for the purposes and objects hereinafter set forth and to this end pledge our honor, as officers and gentlemen.” In the constitution of the Order, they declare a firm belief and trust in Almighty God, extolling Him under whose l)eneficient guidance the sovereignty and integrity ot the Union ha\'e l)een maintained, the honor of the Flag vindicated, and the l)lessings of ci^dl liberty secured, established and enlarged. True allegiance to the United States of America, based upon i^aramount respect for and fidelity to the National Constitution and laws, manifested by discountenancing whatever ma}’ tend to weaken loyalt}', incite to insurrection, treason or rebellion, or impair in any manner the efficiency and j:)ermanenc>' of our free institu- tions. To cherish the memories and associations of the war waged in detence ot the unity and indi\ isil )ility of the Repul)lic; strengthen the ties of fraternal fellowship and sympathy formed by companionship-at-arms; advance the best interests of the soldiers and sailors of the Lhiited States, especiall}' of those associated as Companions of this Order, and extend all possit)le relief to their widows and children; foster the cultivation of military and naval science; enforce unqualified allegiance to the General Cjovernment; protect the rights and lil)erties of American citizenship, and maintain National Honor, hdiion and Indei)endence. Membership by descent — The eldest direct male lineal descendants, according to the rules of primo-geniture, of deceased Original Comi)anions of the First Class, and of officers not members of the Order, but who were eligible as such, who shall have died. That the inheritance shall in every case of succession be traced anew from the original founder of the membership in the Order, or deceased officer as aforesaid, and not otherwise, and shall be limited in cases of collateral succes- sion to the brothers and descendants of brothers and sisters of such Original Companion or deceased officer; in cases of representation through females, the elder branches shall be preferred to the younger. That in cases of inheritance by persons under the age of twenty-one years the right of succession to eligi- bility to membership, or of renunciation thereof, shall remain in alieyance until they shall attain that age. The eldest sons of living Original Companions of the First Class who shall have attained the age of twenty-one years. FIi)on the death of his father, a Companion of the Second Class shall l)ecome a Companion of the First Class. Gentlemen, who, in civil life, during the Rebellion, were especially distinguished for conspicuous and consistent loyalty to the National Government, and were active and eminent in maintaining the supremacy of the same. The Constitution of the Order, as amended, provides that all sons are entitled to U)14 THE BOOK OF OHIO. membership and any Original Companion, having no direct lineal descendant, may by writing, hied with the Order nom- inate for life a Companion of the Second Class from among his male heirs descending from his brothers or sisters.” Bishop Boyd Vincent, whose membership was derived from his brother, Brigadier-Cieneral Strong Vincent, killed at the Battle of Gettysburg, in an address before the Loyal Legion of Ohio relating to meml)ership by inheritance, said: ‘‘In the presence of those of you who have won your right to be here, it seems a long way to any claim that we may have to sit beside you. I feel sure that it will be a life- long regret to all of us that for any reason we could not have had our share in the war. Again, it is true that this princi])le of membership l)y inheritance must have its roots somewhere in human nature and right reason, for it is as old as civilization or religion itself. It lay at the bottom of that powertul covenant-idea in the old Hebrew theocracy. The very essence of the blessing to a Jew’s mind was that it would III AiK>uARii Ks<)[.-uNin i)awiMi:imiAL TRA^ COLUMBUS descend upon his children and children’s children to endless generations. The same idea has given value, too, to almost all aristocrac'ii's and societies of honor since. When men, by personal service and suffering for the State, have won such honors as yours, those honors become their joroperty, as real and substantial and precious as any other, ^b)llrs, then, is the inherent right to transmit these to your descendants, if you choose. Ours, let me sa\’, is rather tlu' priv ilege of being intrusted with the guardianship of such honors, and cherishing for ourselves and others the memory of what you have done for us. It will be an ominous day in the history of any family or people' when It no longer reveres the worthy deeds of its ancestors. And I know of no cause, outside of reli- gion, higher or holier than the voluntary service for one’s country in war — none worthier of the just pride and mul>’ing gratitude of those who come after. Patriotism Is not merely love of our country’s soil and institutions. It is also love of our iellowmen, and so far, at least, akin to our love of God. ‘Greater love,’ said Jesus, ‘hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends’.” d'here is but one Gommander-in-Chief in the Unitefl States and one in each State. In Ohio the headcpiarters is in Gincinnati and the following named officers have served as Commanders in tlu' State: Brevet Major-General Rutherford B. Hayes, Cjeneral William T. Sherman, Brevet Lieutenant- Colonel L. ('. Dawes, Major-General Jacob D. Cox, Brevet Brigadier-General Benjamin Harrison, Brevet Brig- adier-General A. I lickenlooi)er. Brevet Brigadier-General B. R. Cowen, Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Wm. R. War- nock, Brevet ('olonel ('ornelius Cadle, Brevet Afajor Lewis AI. Hosea, First Lieutenant A. B. Isham, Major- ( icneral J. W arren Keiter, ('aptain A. C. Thompson, Brevet Alajor-General Wdllard Warner, Captain Leopold Markbreit, (kiptain Flias R. Alonfort, Brevet Colonel James Kilbourne. M embers oi the Ohio Commandery who are members of the Commandery-in-Chief : Ex-Commanders Ifrevet Lieutenant-Colonel Wdlliam R. Wffirnock, Brevet Colonel Cornelius Cadle, Brevet Major Lewis AI. Hosea, h'irst Lieutenant Asa B. Isham, Alajor-General J. Warren Keifer, Captain Albert C. Thompson, Brevet Major- General Willard Warner. Fx-Senior \dce-Commanders: Captain John W. Myers, Brigadier-General John Beatty, First Lieutenant Augustus J. Ricks, Brevet Brigadier-General Charles H. Grosvenor, Major Henry K. Cushing, Brigadier-General George A. Ciarretscm, Cajitain Hiram S. Chamberlain, First Lieutenant and Adjt. George P. WTlch, Captain Henry C. Ranney, Major Frederick A. Kendall, Alajor James L. Foley. Fx-Junior Vice-Commanders: Brevet Major-General James Barnett, Brevet Brigadier-General William II. Raynor, First Lieutenant Jerome B. Thomas, Captain Xenophon Wheeler, Brevet Brigadier-General Gates P. d'hurston. Lieutenant Alax Alosler, First Lieutenant Peter M. Hitchcock, Captain John N. Bell, Brevet Brigadier- General Don A. Pardee, Brigadier-General Jared A. Smith, Captain William L. Curry. Recorder, Major Wnlliam R. Thrall. Fx-Recorders: First Lieutenant Absalom H. Matton, Major William H. H. Crowell, Major William H. Chamberlain, Brevet Major Augustus M. Van Dyke. HILE the National Guard of the present clay is regarded as having l)een established upon its i)resent basis in the years 1870-1877, it is realh' as old in the Ignited States as the history ot the white settlers in the New World. Fnnn the earliest da\’s of the Pilgrims it was found necessary to form armed bodies of men for the protection of the peoi)lc. These volunteers in Colonial days were, in the New England States, called “Minute Men,’’ and they, originally formed for the protection against Phigiish aggression, became the nucleus later of the Re\'ohitionar}- Army. During the Re\'(jlu- tion the Militia of the several States was called out and did effective ser\'ice in many well contested battles. Concord and Lexington, the preludes to the great battles for American Independence, were fought by Militia on the side of the Patriots, and many other battles of the Revolution witnessed the heroic achievements of the Militia of the C'olonies. A similar organization, the State Militia, was later formed in the different States, as the country developed and expanded, and in Ohio this force did yoeman service in St. Clair’s and “Alad” Anthony’s camj^aign against the Indians then in hostile arms. After the subjugation of the Indians, and Ohio becoming populated in all directions, military settlements in the different settlements became numerous, and in the War of 1812 against England and her Indian allies, these volunteer bodies again took up arms for the i)rotection of their homes. The first militia law of the State of Ohio was passed at the second session of the Eirst General Assembly of Ohio, in December, 1803. This law provided that all free, able-l)odicd white male citizens of the State, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, with certain exceptions, were to be enrolled, and all emigrants comphing with the requirements were to be enrolled within twenty days after residence. Each enrolled militiaman was required to provide himself at his own expense with a good musket or fusee, a sufficient bayonet and lielt, a pouch with a l)ox therein to contain not less than twenty-four cartridges, “suited to the l)ore of his musket or fusee,’’ or a good rifie with powder, each officer to be armed with a sword or hanger and espoutoon. In 1811, General Harrison, afterward President, then Governor of Indiana Territor\', marched against the Indians under command of the celebrated Tecumseh and his brother “The Prophet.’’ A portion of his force was drawn from the Ohio Militia. The Militia of Ohio played a more important part at the outbreak of the Civil War than did the Militia of any other State. At the beginning of the War of the Rebellion the Government had but a meager arm>’ of ten thousand men. This small force was so widely scattered through the Western Terri- tory and in the South that it took many weeks of time for its concentration to make a showing of actual rcsistence anywhere. New York had a few well drilled, but poorly equipped, militia organizations and Ohio jios- scssed a still smaller available force, which Governor Chase caused to be organized just prior to 18G1, under a new law j^assed by the Ohio General Assembha As early as Ai)ril, 1861, the General Assembly of Ohio jmssed an act ajipropriating $500, 000 to aid the Government in arming and equipping a .roop b. oh, o xation.al guard TTIR BOOK OF OHIO. \(jliintc'(T tOrri* for s(T\’ice in sii])])rc‘ssino‘ thn l^ehellion. To I’residonl Lin- coln’s lirsl call lor troops, ( )hio rc‘S])on(lc(l with thirteen re^finients of vol- unteers, and at once* enlistc'd ten thousand men as reserve to be used as militia ill delendint; her borders. Four thousand more were held in reserve in their respecti\'e localities, under command of their cajitains, to be drilled and held >ul)]’ect to call, d'lu'se militiamen did good ser\'i('e. They are known in the llisloiy of ( )hio as “S(|uirrel limiters.” .About tlu' 20th of Ala\-, bSOl, a little more than a month after the fall of I'ort Sumter, the ( )hio Militia, under command ot Alajor-C reneral ( '.eorge lb .\lc( 'Ic'llan, at that time' a militia oflicer ol Ohio, crossed the river and |)oured into W’c'stern \’irginia. These* troops sa\’ed West Adrginia to the I'nion, and fought the* first skirniishc'S of the War in the West, gaining the lii'st xictoi'ies of the War. 'Fhc'sc*, coming after the continuous disasters at the Fast, c'lectrilied the Xation. This result was effected entireh' by the Militia of ()hio, with no assistance* whatexer, e.vcept that eleriveel from the* lox al \drginians t he*niselx e*s. Many ot the regiments eil Militia, xvhen tlu'ir time* xxasout, re‘-e*nlisteel aiiel be-e'ame “A’eihmteers,” but let it lie repeateel that the* first sue'e'e*sse*s for the* Fniem arms xxere secure*el by the Ohiei Militia. Ouriiig the* e*ntire* ('ixil War the ()hie> Militia reiielereel xaluable serxdce to the* Fiiie)!!, e-siieeiallx' in Max', 1804, xxhen the Oeivernors eit ( )hiei, Ineliana, Wiseoiisin and loxxa te*neiere*el Fresiele-nt Linceihi 85, ()()() Natiemal (iuardsmen to serx’e erne hunelred days. The se*rxie'e*s the* Ouards we*re eailleel upem to iierfeirm xxere much more severe and elifhcult than hael lieen antic- ip;ite*el, but that the*x' we*re e'heerfully gix'en, xxere x'aluable anel appreciateel, is exielenced by a letter of aiijirecia- tion x\i'itte*n bx' Fresieleiit Line'ohi. A RELIC ( F THE VIRGIN FOREST CUX’AMOGA FALLS BUILDING tWIN BOATS eXN OHIO RIVER DURING THE CIVIL WAR in the* se*rxice of the State txventy-four cemiiianies eif infantry x'e*ar the* Aeljutant-Cie-neral re-ported: ‘‘It may be saiel that After the disjiersion of the Union forces, at the termination of the Civil W ar, for several years no active xadimteer military eirganizations xxere continued, as the peo])le xx^ere surfeiteel xvith the elisplay of arms, anel a natural reaction occurred ill xvhich the masses looked xvith elisapproval on an>* further efforts that might be made for the continuation of armed bodies of men. Later, hoxvever, it xvas fenmd necessary tei organize a National Military beiely of AMlunteers, feistered in a measure liy the United States Government, xvhich organizations xvere called ‘‘Nat iemal Guards.” Each State in the Union supjtlied one of these armed and organized bodies, and Ohio, as usual, took the lead in this, like other departures for the public good. At the end of 1871, there xvere nominally and txvo sections of artillery. But in the same the State has no militia organization xvorthy of flu* name. In 1873 the need for troops xvas made manitest; the cixdl authorities calk'd for them. In December of that year, the National Guard of Ohio was for the first time after its reorganiza- tion called to actual serx ice during the time of a railroad strike in ()hio, xvhen the ‘‘llerman Guards” of Steubenxille, Cajitain B. Milk'r, xvere dispatched to Denni.son, in Tuscaraxvas County, and at the same time the “Coxington Guards” xvere ordered to Bradford Station, Miami C'ounty — in both cases to assist the sheriffs in maintaining order. No actixe duty, hoxvever, tolloxved, as the mere shoxv of military force xvas sufheient to discourage x’iolence. In June of the folloxving year demonstra- tions by striking coal miners in the Hocking AMlley led to the sending ot the Sill Guards, of Chillicothe, and the ‘‘Lytle Guards” of Cincinnati, to Nelsonx'ille. Ccmipany B of the First Battalion and tlu* “Atheanian Guards,” of Athens, xvere ordered out to assist in preserx'ing the jteace. GRAZING ON FT. ANCIENT HILLS THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1017 A PICTURESQUE INCLINED PLANE, CINCINNATI During the 3 ^ears of 1876 and 1877, the Ohio Legislature passed some laws which jdaced the Militia on a solid, substantial footing. In the latter year the Ohio National Guard confronted i^ossildy the most wide-spread and serious outbreak in its career. This was the time of the great railroad strikes, breaking out hrst on the Balti- more & Ohio Railroad at Newark, soon spreading along that line, then to other lines, until practically the whole State was involved. On the 18th of July, troops were ordered to be sent to Newark; Company A, Seventh Regiment, of Springheld, Company D, Sixth Reginemt, Circleville, of which Charles F. Gross was Captain, the Zanesville City Guards, and the Mt. Vernon Guards were sent to the original seat of the troulde, and placed under the command of Colonel C. B. Hunt, of Cincin- nati, afterwards for many years Colonel of the First Regiment. It soon became apparent that this military force would not be sufficient. Consequently four companies of the First Regiment, all ot the Third Regiment and two companies of the Fourth Regiment were ordered to the scene of strife. When it aj^peared that the strikers were subdued, a number of the companies were ordered home, l)Lit just about that time the turmoil broke out in other places. The efforts of the police at Columbus to preserve order were fruitless. The Circleville Company, en route home from Newark, was sent immediately to that city to the aid of the i)olice. The disorder continued through- out the month, and liefore it was over practically the whole National Guard of the State had been called into service. The next disturbance warranting the services of the troops occurred on the 8th of May, 1880, when rioting broke out at the Silver Creek Mine in Wayne County. Company D, Eight Regiment, Alassillon, was sent to the scene. The late Governor Nash was then Attorney General, and he accompanied Colonel S. B. Smith, Assistant Adjutant General, to the seat of troul)le, the former to give legal advice. On the 27th of August of the same year one hundred masked men surrounded a boarding house near Coal- ton, in an attempt to drive away non-union miners who had taken their positions. Comi^any A, Sixth Regi- ment, and Company A, Fourth Regiment, were ordered there. They were stoned and shot at l)y the rioters, but fortunately no one was hurt. A report became current on the 15th of August that miners were trying to destroy the j^roperty of the Central Coal Company, at Corning. Conij^any C, Seventeenth Regiment, and two Companies of the Fourteenth Regiment were called for. In this riot the military shed fdood for the first time since its reorganization. Lq^on opening fire seven rioters were wounded. The energetic manner in which the mol) was attacked resulted in the dispersion of the men and the restoration of peace and order. In June, 1882, there were riots in Clew'land. The First Light Artillery, The Cleveland Grays and the Cleveland Gun Batteries were called into service to sup- press them. Al)out this time a series of disturl)ances caused at the occasions of executions of criminals began, many of them so serious as to call lor the militia. In those days executions took |)lace at the county seats, and naturall}’ they attracted multitudes of curious, and in some cases dangerous onlookers, d'he sheriffs were unable to restrain the crowds that pressed in to see the gruesome per- formances. On the 12th of Octolier, 1883, at Bowling Green, in connection with the execution of Charles Bach, Com[)any C, Sixteenth Regiment, and the Toledo ('adets restored order. About this time the hdrst Regiment did service in })re\'enting robbery during the tremendous floods in the Ohio Wiley in the neighborhood ot tdneinnati, and Compain’ B, Se\enteenth Regiment, ditl similar duty in the Muskingum \kille}', UAMIDON COUNTY COURT HOUSE. CINCINNATI 1018 rilE BOOK OF OHIO. iR-ar Zanesville, ('uinpanies B, (', 1), F and G of the Eighth, B of the Second, G of the FoiirtCR'iith and I) of the Seventeenth were called on the Mth of May to snppivss rioting on the day of the execution ot Horn and Grihhlen at ,\shland. ( )n the 20th of May, 1884, Gcanpany F of the Sexentc'c'iith Regiment did seiwice in preventing similar lawlessness at tlu“ exc'cmtion of W'esle\’ Johnson, at Napoleon. 4'lu‘ most si'idous outbreak that the Ohio National Guard has e\-er been called ui)on to sui)press was the Gincinnati riot, which followed the failure of a jur\- to find William Berner guilty ot murder in the first degrei' for killing William Kirk. In all probability a similar scene has ne\er been enac'ted in any large city in the Ihhted States during the histor\- of our couutiw' as that which occurred during that time. The outbreak bc'gan and was in a measure caused by a mass meeting held b\’ the leading citizens ol (dneinnati to protest against the inefficiency of the judiciary ol Hamilton Gounty in their treatment of criminals guilt\' of murder. Man>' men had been tried, proven guilty, and sen- tenced to light punishment. C’onseiiuent ly, an epidemic of crime became prexalenl, and to jirotest against this condition and to stigmatize the judge-s and jurii's by whose aid these criminals escaiied the gallows, this nu'eting was called. It was not anticijiated, however, that any radical mox'ement would be made other than that oi signifying their protests (hiring the* progress ot the mass meeting. An undesirable element, however, attended the meeting and after its conclusion, lumig wrought up to a frenzy of rage by the condemnatory addresses of the speakers against the judiciary ol the country, took violent action. With cries of “To the Jail,” the meeting, originally called for a peac'etui protest, ended in a riotous outbreak. A mob formed and marched in a body to the Hamilton County Jail for the |)uri)ose ot lorcibly taking possession of the incarcerated criminals and putting them to death by B nching. ddiis riot began on the 28th of March, 1884, and so strong, so destructive and dehant were the rioters that before the rout of the mob every regiment in the State but one was called upon for service. The rioters were arnu'd and dozens of the meml)ers of the National Guard v-ere wounded. Two were killed; one of these was a C'ohnnbus man, Israel Getz, a member of the Fourteenth Regiment; the other was Captain John L. Desmond, of C'iiuinnati. It was in this riot that the Hamilton County Court House was burned, and for several days the mob was in control of many of the streets of the city. During this riot forty-five people wnre killed and over OIK' hundred and titty were wounded, many of them fatally. In June of the same year an outlireak of striking miners in the Hocking Valley called the militia to arms again. 4'he trouble included the mining regions of Hcjcking, Perry and Athens Counties, and Companies E and I^' of the Sixth, H of the Fourteenth, A of the Seventeenth and K of the Fourteenth were called into service. 4'wo guardsmen lost their lives during this riot. ( )n the 21st of February, 1891, the First, Fourteenth and Seventeenth Regiments, Company B of the Ninth Battallion and Battery B, First Artillery, vnre ordered to attend the funeral of General Sherman at St. Louis, ddie Press of that city had to say of them, on the next morning: “The Ohio troops in the parade made the Imest display in every respect of any in the line, they being better ecjuipped and l)etter trained than any others.” On the 15th of April, 1892, a mob attemj)ted to lynch a man who had l)een arrested for assault upon thc‘ ])erson of a seven-year-old girl at Newark. Company G, Seventeenth Regiment, being called out, prevented the lynching. On the 15th of Noveml)er an attempted lynching at Alliance called out Company K, Eighth Regi- ment, and a little later Companies D and I of the Third Regiment were called out at Dayton to prevent the same kind ot violence. All the Toledo National Guard was called out in connection with a fire in that city in January, 1894, and Companies I) of the Third, A of the Ninth Battalion and Battery E rendered similar service soon afterwards at Springfield. Coinj)any F of the Second Regiment wns called to Rushsylvania to prevent lynching. This lynching was carried out, notwithstanding the arrival of the troops. Idien came the trouble that the Guard had with the different divisions of the so-called “Industrial Army.” ddiis movement was originally formed in Oakland, California, where many unemployed men lianded themselves together and determined to cross the continent and visit the seat of government at Washington, under the impression that l>y a show of force Congress could be induced to enact some legislation for the lienefit of the unemployed, ddiese men were organized as an army, regularly officered. Not having the funds to pay for trans- portation across the continent, it forcibly took possession of trains and compelled the railroads to carry the men free of charge. Naturally trouble followed all along the route, and this was also the case in Ohio. ddie B. N O. Railroad took a decided stand against this and asked the State Military to compel a branch of the “Army” en route to meet the main body that had taken possession of a train at Mt. Sterling to vacate. Companies A, B, C, F and I of the Fourteenth Regiment and Battery H were sent, and “General” Gal\ in soon surrendered without a shot being fired. At Cleveland Companies A, B, F and 1 of the Fifth Regiment THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1019 and the Cavalry Troop were called upon to perform similar duties. On the 21st of July, at Clyde, an “Indus- trial Army,” under command of “Count Bylakowsky,” was compelled to vacate freight trains and march to Washington. On the 9th of May Company E of the Eighth and Battery E were called out to stop riots at Akron. On the 30th of May Companies A, B, K and L of the Seventeenth Regiment and Battery H were ordered to Glous- ter, where miners were stopping coal trains, but were recalled en route, the situation l)eing well in hand by the local civil authorities. Then came the Wheeling Creek Campaign, the most general engagement of the State troops since the Cincinnati riot. The regiments participating were the Eighth, Fourteenth, Companies A, C, F, G, H, K and M of the Seventeenth; Second, Sixteenth, Fifth; Companies B, G and 1 of the Third; the Toledo Cadets and Batteries C, D and H, in all 3,371 officers and men. The cause of the call was the attempt of miners to prevent the shipments of coal from non-union mines. The most sanguinary encounter between the militia and rioters occurred on the 10th of October of that year at Washington Court House, when a mob attempted to take a negro who was arrested for assault on a woman from the jail and lynch him. Companies A, B, C, D, E, F and I of the Fourteenth Regiment, Company M of the Third, H of the Seventeenth and Battery B were ordered to the scene of trouble. The Fourteenth was in command of Colonel Coit. The mob was persistent, and even when the rioters knew troops were inside the Court House, they tried to beat the door in with a battering ram. The troops were ordered to fire through the doors, and many people were killed or wounded. Unfortunately, some of them belonged to the “innocent spectator” class and were far away from the scene of the tumult. This experience has led to the use of the riot shell, which is just as deadly at close range as the standard cartridge, but does not carry so far. Colonel Coit was tried for manslaughter at Circle- \’ille, as a result of the shooting, but he was acquitted. The murder of the City Marshal of Tiffin, on the 30th of August, 1895, led to an attempt to lynch the murderer, and Companies D and I of the Sixteenth Regiment and E, G and 1 of the Second were called out; and an attempt to lynch Eyman Strong, arrested for the murder of the Stone family at Talmadge, on the 30th of March, 1896, called Company B of the Eighth Regiment and Battery F to Akron. A strike at the Brown Hoisting Works, at Cleveland, called out Companies B, F, I and L of the Fifth Regiment on the 2d of July of the same year, and kept them on duty until the 11th of August. Companies D and B of the Third were called to Urbana by the lynching of Chick Mitchell, and on the 7th of August Company M of the Fifth Regiment was called to Fairport by a strike of ore handlers. The event of the year 1898 was the calling of all the National Guards to Camp Bushnell to enter the volunteer service in the War with Spain. When there came a call for troops during the Si)anish-American War the National Guard of Ohio enlisted as one man. Camp Bushnell was established, and soon the First, Second, Third, Fifth, Eighth Regiments, the Ninth Battalion, the Fourteenth and Sixteenth and Seventeenth Regiments of Infantry, the Artillery, Signal and Medical Corps, and finally a regiment of Cavalry were on the field. Part of the service was not accepted by the Government and some of the men were not taken on account of physical disability, but this made no difference, as the places of those who could not go were soon filled by volunteers. In fact, the companies were running over and in June were at the full war strength — one hundred and six to a com- pany. Eater the Tenth Ohio was organized. In the various camps the Ohio troops drilled faithfully, the Artillery and the Cavalry soon became the best troops in the field. When the advance was made on Santiago, Cuba, all wanted to go. The Eighth Regiment was the first. Afterwards the Sixth followed and did garrison duty in Cuba. Then came the orders for General Brook to go to Porto Rico, and the gallant Fourteenth, rechristened the Fourth, was chosen. This regiment was the only one from Ohio to be under heavy fire, and at Guayama and other places served with distinction. On the 25th of March, 1899, an attenq^t to lynch the Zellner brothers, murderers of attorney ATsten- haver, at Hoyt’s Corners, Wood Comity, called Companies H and K of the Second Regiment to Bowling Green. On the 23d of August, 1900, rioting in Akron, resulting in the destruction of $200,000 worth of property, called Companies A, B, C, D, F, G, H, K and L of the Fourth Regiment to that city. The regiment was encamjicd SUNSET ON LAKE ERIE 1020 TTTR BOOK OF OHIO. at .Mincrv'a Park wlien iha call A\as made. ('()in])anics P and F of the Eighth Regiment were also called out during this trouble'. In the si)riug of lOOd, labor troubles at Freuamt necessitated the calling out of troops, but fortunately no blood was ^hed. In March of the folhnviug year, at Spriugheld, serious riots culminated in the lynching of a negro who had assassinated a police officer of that city. The local guards were called out, but were unal)le to prexent the Kuching. Snbse(|uentK- the entire “levee,” notorious negro quarters, were burned to the ground, and (an'ernor llen'ick called additional troo])s, which suppressed any further demonstrations. In May of the same \X“ar lalua' troubles at Hanging Rock, near Ironton, compelled the National Guard to go to the scene of trouble. C'olonel ('armi I'hompson was in command and he handled his troops so admiraldy that, notwith- standing amsiderable proxocation, he dispersed the ricjters and resored laxx' anti order xvithout the loss of lix^es on either side. In 1907, militia xxas sent to Hridgepttrt, xxhere rioting had started in connection xxath a strike of steel mill emplox'cs. 'Phe presence of the trooi)s, hoxxever, xvas only of a short duration. \’erx' st'i'ions troubles started in ('olumbiis in the summer of 1910, xxdien the employes of the Columbus Strt'el ('ar C'ompanx’ xx't'iit on a strike. Riots and other disturbances In xvhich dynamite and nitro-glycerlne was fret'ly used xxt're nearly daily occurrences. Mayor Marshal, unable to cope xvith the situation, asked the (iox’ernor to call '. The most im])ortant national laxv regarding the Guard is the so-called Dick Laxv, introduced b>- U. S. Sc-nator Charles Dick, Major General of the military forces of Ohio. The strength of the Guard in ()hio is about five thousand men, divided intcj eight regiments of Infantry, one battalion of colored troops, two troops of Caxalrx’, txvo battalions of Naval Reserx'cs and four Ijatteries of Artillery. The First Brigade is made up as folloxvs; The Sixth, Third, Second, First Regiments, Ninth Battalion, Batteries B and D and Troop A; the Second Brigade has the liighth, hdjurth, Fifth and Seventh Regiments, Engineers, Batteries A and H, and 'Troop B. 'The Medical Staff is assigned as it is in the regular army. Rigid inspection may lessen the number of the Guard for a time, but Ohio can any time put ten thousand men in the held, draxving on ex-members and seva-ral military colleges. The personnel of the members of the Ohio National Guard proltably ranks as high if not higher than that of any other State in the liihon. The officers are all men naturally endowed xvith tlu' menttil attributes xvhich go to make excellent soldiers, splendidly trained, and gifted xvith a thorough knowl- ('dgc' of military tactics. In the ranks xvill be found a majority of men xvho occupy leading positions in life and xvho, xvlu'n the occasion presents itself, are capable of filling the higher Itranches of military duty. Some of the ()hio regiments hax'c bands of National reputation. 52 n 25 HIS institution was established for the purpose of conducting scientihc investigations, having for their object the improvement of agricultural methods. It is located near Wooster, Ohio, on a farm of 470 acres, and operates, under ownership or lease, three other farms in different (piarters of the State. For convenience of administration the Station is divided into the departments of agronomy, animal husbandry, botany, chemistry, entomology, horticulture, forestry, nutrition, soils and co-operative experiments. Following are illustrations of the work of these departments: Agronomy. This deiRrrtment was formerly included with animal husl;>andry and soil studies in a general department of agriculture, but a great increase of work has made sulxlivision neces- sary, and the work of the department of agronomy is now limited to the study of farm crops and of methods of culture. Many varieties of wheat, oats and corn have l)een grown side by side since the estal)lishment (jf the Station, some of which have shown an average yield of several bushels per acre greater than others. This department is now' engaged in the improvement of the cpiality of the cereals and forage cro{:)s, as wtII as in increasing the yield per acre, 4he results of the w'ork thus far done indicating that improvement in cpiality and increase in yield may be made to go hand in hand. Animal Hltsbandry. More than 200 cattle have lieen fattened at the Station during the last five years, in feeding tests in which all the feed consumed and the manure produced were weighed, so that data have been accumulated from wdiich the farmer may safely calculate the cost of beef iiroduction and the incidental return that may be obtained in the manure. More than 300 range lamlis have also been fed off in co-operative tests, in Avhich the same facts as to feed and manure were ascer- tained. These experiments have been conducted in co-operation w-ith the chemical department of the Station, wdiich has analyzed the manures produced and many of the feeds consumed, and with the department of soils, which has used the manures in long continued held tests, and together they furnish more complete data in the production, composition and value of manure than have ever before been published. Botany. This department includes the identification of weeds and other plants and of weed seeds or other impurities in clover or grass seeds sent in for that purpose, and investigations in the control of such plant diseases as the rots of fruit, the smuts of grains, the blights and scali of potatoes, etc. Hundreds of samples of w'eeds and w'eed seeds are sent to the Station each >’ear, and hundreds of recpiests come for advice in the management ot diseased crops. All such recpiests for examination or adxice are responded to free of charge. Chemistry. The Station employs several chemists who are constantly employed in the anahsis of grains and plants in order to assist the Agronomist in the improvement of ciuality, in the analysis of feeding stuffs used in feeding exjieriments, and ot the manures produced, and in the chemical iiu'estigations connected wdth the Station’s experiments in the maintenance of soil fertilit>’. The Station does not make any free chemical analyses, for reasons given farther on. Fntomology. The Station Entomologists are engaged in experiments on the control of insect jiests, which STATE HOSPITAL, MASSILLON OHIO THE BOOK OF OHIO. ON ItlH SHORE OF LAKE ERIE are conducled both on the Station farms and in orchards and viiU‘\ards located in the fruit i^rowing regions ot the Slate. 1 hc' Ifnlomologists als(j identify specimens ot insects sent in for that ])iiri)os(‘, and gi\e tree advice concci'ning llu' control ol insect pests in general. As an illnstralioii oi the work ot the depart nu“nt, an orchard near the lake shore prodncc'd in 1!)()7 se\’eral thousand bushels of ai)])l('s, of which less than one per cent were' w(jrm\', w lu'reas on imspraycd trees ad- joining more than half the fruit was wormy. 1 l()HT]('Ui/rURE. d'he work of this de- partment comprises the comparison ol ditfer- enl \arieties of fruits and vegetables, and the stiuh' of methods of ('ulliire and manage- nu'iit. llundreds of different varieties of fruit are under constant observation, most ol the s<; called new \arieties being pnt under test as soon as they are introduced, and the re- sults of these tests are ])ul)lished in the Sttition’s bulk'tins. Many thousands ot dollars would be saved to the farmers of the state every year if they would consult these bulletins before ])urchasing the phemanenal sorts which the truit trees peddler describes in such glowing terms. Forestry. This department, established under authority of a special act of the legislature, is making a study of the rate of growth of forest trees and of the conditions affecting the growth of different species, in (jrder to olitain more definite knowledge respecting the practicability of growing forest trees as a farm croj). It is also assisting farmers with advice as to the management of farm woodlots, and is furnishing seed- ling trees, under certain restrictions, t(^ tanners wdio \vill undertake to plant and care for them. These investigations have already shown that certain species (.)f forest trees may l)e grown with a reasonable expectation that they will yield a net income, within a comparatively few years, ecpial to that given by many oi our cultivated crops. Nutrition. This department, recently established, has for its work the study of the scientific problems underlying the nutrition of animals and men. Soils. The work (jt this department is concerned with the questions relating to the maintenance ol soil tertility liy the use of fertilizers and manures. Systematic field and laboratory ex])eriments on these (luestions have been in progress since the establishment of the Station; these have lieen extended to the various substations or test farms, and are noAV affording information of the greatest value. d'o illustrate, in the liriefest possible manner: On a soil so worn by many years of exhaustive cropiiing that its a\’erage yield of wheat had lieen reduced to less than 10 bushels per acre, an average yield ot nearly 30 bushels has been maintained for the last 10 years, at a cost for tertilizers ot about half the total value of the increase. In other words, the increase has paid tor the fertilizers and tor the re-nt of the land in addition. ( )ii the same lanel, a dressing of 8 tons of bannard manure, re-entorced with 320 pounds of acid ph(jsi)hale and applied to corn, has produced an eleven-year average \’ield ot 04 bushels of corn per acre (the unmanureel yield being 31 bushels) tolloweel liy 25 bushels of wheat anel two a heavy load on ihe ohio river l-XIRl ANCIENT THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1023 tons of clover hay, the wheat and clo\'er receiving no further manuring or fer- tilizing. In other words, each ton of manure thus used has produced increase to the value of four dollars and a half, over and above the cost of treatment. Of land which has not been worn by hard treatment, wheat, grown in a rotation of potatoes, wheat and clover, has given a ten year a\'erage yield of more than 40 bushels per acre. The methods by which these re- sults have been attained are being test- ed at the Station’s test farms, located in widely separated regions of the State, and on soils c]uite unlike that of the main station, and the results are demonstrating beyond question the possibility of doubling the annual wheat production of Ohio by measures which would add to the net income of the farmers of the State many millions of dollars annually. They are methods which are in reach of any and every farmer, and their application involves, not more labor, but less than is now expended. Co-operative Experiments. The work of the Station can onh' accom- plish its purpose when its results are applied to the every day practice of the farmers of the State. Many farmers receive the bulletins of the Station, which are sent free of cost to every farmer who asks for them, and among these are many who are putting the lessons taught into practice; but thus far not one farmer in seven is reached b3" these bulletins. In order to extend this work a department of co-operative experiments has been established, the oliject of which is to secure the aid of leading farmers in every township of the State in carrying out some line of work which will demonstrate to their neighbors the possibilit}’ of impro\'ement in methods. This department now has on its rolls the names of nearly 1,000 farmers, located in every section of the State, who arc carrying on such work, acting in co-operation with the Station. THE POSSIBILITIES OE AGRICELTERE IX OHIO. ON OPPOSITE HILL FROM FT. ANCIENT COURT HOUSE. WARREN, OHIO The a^■erage yield of corn in Ohio for the 10 years, 1896-1905, as shown In- the reports of the State Department of Agriculture, was a little less than 37 bushe’s j3er acre. MA\’ne County, in which the main station is located, produced less corn than the a\‘erage of the State, and the land under experiment produces less than the average of the count}', >'ct on this land the station produced an a\*erage \'ield of more than 64 bushels during this 10 \'car period. Ohio grows more than 3,000,000 acres of corn annualh'. To increase the }'ield on that area from 37 to 64 Imshels would increase the total crop of the State b\' 81,000,000 bushels, worth on the average, more than 830,000,000, 1024 THE BOOK OF OHIO. The a\'cragc yield of wheat in ( )hio for the same 10 year period was nearly hnshels. 1 )uring this period the >ield on the unfertilized land at the Station was un(U‘r 10 huslu'ls, hut the wheat following the al)o\'e \icld (jf corn a\‘eraged 253/2 hnshels, an increase ot 12hj. hnshels i)er acre. The a\c‘rage area in wheat lor the Stale was 2,272,000 acre's. 1 hid this area \i('lded 25 hnshc'ls instead ot lo hnshels, the incrc'ase would ha\'c amonntc'd to 27,704,01)0 hnshels, worth, at 70 ct'iits per hnshel, .11'.), 000, 000. Had tlu' syste'in of agriculture been such as to ])i'odnce these yields ot corn and wheat it would also ha\'e |)rodnced a similar, increase in other crops, and would have R'snlte'd in a total increase of the income of the farmers of the State ot not less than $00, 000, 000. The foregoing statement illustrates the lines in which the Station is prei^ared . r 1 ' SUSPENSION BRIDGE, CINCINNATI to assist the tanners of the State. 1 here are some |)oints, however, on which farmers frecpiently ask the Station for help wdiich it is not prepared to gi\’e. Ih'ietl>" stated these are as folknvs; WHAT THE STATION CAN NOT DO. The Station is not prepared to analyze commercial fertilizers and feeding stuffs, as in Ohio that w-ork is placed in charge of the Secretary (tF the State Board of AttRicuLTURE, at Columhus, to wdiom all requests for such analyses should lie addressed. The Station is not prepared to give advice respecting treatment of contagious diseases of animals, that func- tion having heen transferred to the State Board of Agriculture in its capacity of State Live Stock Commission. Reciuests for such advice should therefore lie addressed to Secretary, State Live Stock Commission, Depart- ment of Agriculture, Cohunlius, Ohio. Idle Station is not prepared to examine animals suspected of having been poisoned. Such examinations should he referred to the nearest \Tterinarian. The Station is not prepared to make official inspection of orchards and nurseries under the law requiring such inspection, that work having heen transferred to the State Board of Agriculture to whose Secretary, C'olumhus, retpiests for such inspection should he addressed. The Station is not prepared to e.xamine foods, drugs and dairy products suspected of adulteration, as that work is in charge of the Onto Dairy and Loot) Commissioner, whose office is at Columhus. The Station is not prepared to analyze drinking water; requests for such analysis should he addressed to the Secretary of the State Board of Health, Columhus. Visitors to the Station or to its various test farms are w^elcome at all times during business hours. Per- sons or parties who contemplate such visits and wdio desire special atten- tion are requested to wadte in ad- vance, gii ing the date of proposed \dsit and probable number of party. Any citizen of Ohio has the right to apjily to the Station for such as- sistance as it can give, and all such recpiests wall receive prompt atten- tion. The Bulletins of this Station are sent free to all residenss of the State who request them. HOME OF CLINTON MORSE, LONDON. O. LL that the State of Ohio has accomplished in the history of this country — and that her position is a proud one, a perusal of these pages will prove — is due not alone to any special natural blessing, but to the men who have helped to carve her destiny. When the early voyagers faced toward the setting sun on their perilous journey into a new, wild and dangerous country, to erect the founda- tions of a new empire, great men were found among them, hardy, courageous and adventurous spirits, who ably lilled special positions (;f leadership. From that early day to the present, as necessity has required it, men have arisen among their fellows to lead in the different enteri)rises of a great and glorious State. Statesman, soldier, financier, educator, scientist, husbandman and trader — all have responded to the call of the hour. In every city, town, village and hamlet, are to l)c found men of character and inffuence, who, l)y their enterprise and thrift, by their activity and sagacity, their zeal in religious and political affairs, ha\'C contributed their individuality to the material prosperity of the community in which they live, and thus each adds its quota to the general welfare of the people. Of those are the men who developed the natural resources; who delved for the hidden treasures of the earth; who made the fields blossom; who carved their way through the great forests; girded the State with iron bands; built canals and steamboats; erected great manufacturing and industrial enterprises; introduced new processes in science and mechanics; devoted their lives to the advancement of the people in education and the dissemina- tion of special knowledge; who championed the cause of humanity; promoted the comforts of living and whose deeds are worthy of being peri)ctuated and followed by future generations. “What man has done man may do.’’ In the previous pages of this work is set forth the general history of the great State of Ohio — the pages which follow are devoted to the deeds and achievements of those who ha^’e made the State great. E\-ery human life is a history, and the collected biographies of the great men of any community are the simple records of the country in which they live, and the mirror of their time. Samuel Johnson says: “I have often thought that there has rarely passed a life of which a judicious and faithful narrative would not be useful.’’ To the student, the thinker and the historian, the lives and attainments of gifted men are of al)sorbing interest, showing, as they do, the difhculties which have been o\’ercome, and how success has crowned earnest and faithful effort. These Ifiographies are the most attractive form of history, for, while they perpetuate the memory of the great, they also illustrate aptly the conduct of life, and coiwey to succeeding generations impor- tant lessons full of instruction, human interest, and often replete with romance. It is men such as these whose biographies are preserved in this work. They all have contributed toward the State’s progress and glory. It is unfortunate that many great men have passed away leaving no printed records of their attainments, which, if obtainable, would act as beacon lights to succeeding generations, and which would be preserved by their descendants as a family treasure of priceless value. The civilization of our day, the enlightenment of the age, and the solemn duty which men owe to their ancestors, to themselves and to their posterity, demands that a record of their lives and deeds should be preserved. But there are deeds which shall not pass away And names that must not wither, though the earth Forgets her empires with a just decay. Byron. 1020 THE BOOK OF OHIO. William Stone Abert, I.rofession at Camlrridge, Ohio, in partnership with Hon. Joseph I ). Taylor, afterward a member of Congress. He took high rank in his profession almost immefliately and .soon found himself latmched in a large and lucrative practice in the State and Federal Courts. Uiron the election of Mr. Taylor to Congress in 1883, he succeeded tcj the entire practice of the hrm, which he not only retained, but largely increased. In 1884 he as.sociated with him in the practice, John L. Locke, Esc]., under the firm name of Anderson & Locke, which was dissolved in April, 1893, when he removed to Washington. Here, as in Ohio, his ability as a lawyer and his high character as a man soon won for him an honored ])lace in the legal profession. On October 4, 1899, President McKinley tendered to Justice An- derson the i)osition of United States District zAttorney for the District of Columbia, wdiich he accepted and filled with conspicuous ability. On May 1, 1901, President McKinley a[)pointed him a meml)er of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. This appointment was made by the President in recognition of the Judge’s s]ilendid record as United States District Attorney. Since his ekwation to the bench he has ])roved himself an able and upright judge. He has a keen .sense of justice, thinks for himself and always impresses those who practice before him with the fact that he is not controlled by prejudice or partiality, but in all things is fair, reasonable and just. During the tour years that former Secretary of the Treasury Foster was Governor of Ohio, A4r. .Anderson served on his military staff with the rank of Colonel. In 1887 he was a prominent candidate for attorney general of Ohio, and in 1889 was appointed by Presi- dent Harrison as minister resident and consul general to Bolix ia. At that time he was chairman of the Republican executive committees of his county and Congressional District, a meml)er of the city council and school l)oard of Cambridge, and president of a number of corporations, besides lujlding other ])ositions of trust and honor. Congress having achmneed the rank of the Bolivian mission in 1890, PresidcMit Harrison appointed Judge .Anderson en\'oy extraordinary and minister pleni])otentiary of the Ihiited States to that Republic, which position he tilled with marked ability. While residing in Sotith .America he made many valuable reports to the Government on the resources, industries and trade relations of Spanish-America, and at the request of Mr. Blaine, then Secretary of State, wrote the ‘diandbook ot Bolix ia,” published by the bureau of American republics in 1893, and distributed throtighout the United States and Cen- tral and South .America. Judge Ander.son has always taken an active interest in pulilic affairs, and there are few men who have a larger |)ersonal ac(|uaintance with men in jiublic life than he, and fewer still whose friends are as w'arm and devoted. He is an eloquent and experienced public speaker, and until apjrointed to the bench had been prominent on the stump in every political campaign during the past twenty-fi\’e \’ears. By reason of his ability as a speaker and the knowledge gained by him while a resident of the free-silver countries of South .America, he was in wifle demand during the presidential campaigns of 1896 and 1900, speaking throughout West X'irginia, Ohio, Maryland and other sections of the country. Before his appointment as judge he was prominently connected with a numlH'r of financial institutions and has an emiable record as a citizen, diplomat, business man and lawyer. Justice Anderson is a member of the .American Bar .Association, the Sons of the American Revolution, the National Geo- gra|)hic Society, the ( )hio Society of New A'ork and the Ohio Society of Washington, D. C., the Historical Society of Washington and its affiliated branches; a member of the Itoard of trustees of the .American University, Howard University and of George Wash- ington University, and president of the board of trustees of the Adetropolitan Alethodist Episcopal Church of Washington, where President Grant and President AlcKinley were regular attendants during their incumbency of that great office. He and President McKinle\- were warm personal friends for many years, and the McKinley memorial tal)let in this church was the gift of Justice .Anderson. In 1879 he was married to Miss Latira B. .Augustine, daughter of Daniel and Mary .Augustine, one of the old, wealthy and influential families of Western Pennsyh'ania. Airs. .Anderson is a college bred woman of refined taste and culture. 4'hey have but one child, a daughter. Airs. Frederick Pliny Lilley, of Waterbury, Conn. William S. Anderson, ( )l A'oimgstown, ( )hio, a |)rominent lawyer and farmer, was born in 1848 in North jacksem, Ohio. His lather, 1 )avifl Anderson was a nati\’e ol Ireland, while his mother, Hanna .Anderson, was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania. The father was an early merchant and stock dealer in Alahoning County. Air. .Anderson was educated in the public schools of Mahoning County. .Alter leaving school, he worked on the farm and also taught school, preqraring himself at the same time for the legal profession to which he was admitted in 1870. He then took up the general practice of the law, in which he has been \ery successful. In ]xjlitics, Mr. .Anderson has alwa>-s been a staunch Repul)lican, being one f)f the active, energetic and effective party workers in Mahoning County. He htis been prollered wtrious offices but never cared for official life, but his son, Randall H. Anderson, was a member of the present and last Gen- eral .Assemblies of ( )hio. Socially, Air. William .Andersf)ii is prominently connected with the B. P. O. E. He is a ])ul )lic-s])irited man, kindhearted and always rearly to assist the interests of his home city. He is married and the father of two daughters and two sons. ( )ne son, W illiam AL, a lawyer, is associated with his father, the other son, Randall IF is in business hu" himself. The family attends the Presbyterian Church. Air. .Anderson resides at Alumgstown, ( )hio. Mr. Philip March Ashford, S])ecial .Attorney in ihe de]iartment of Justice at WAishington, 1). (A, is a native of the Buckeye State, in which he still retains his citizenship. He was born on the 13th day of .April, 1860, on a farm near where the town of Rogers, Columbiana County, Ohio is now located. His parents were Mr. John Vale Ashford and Airs. Alargaret J. Alarch Ashford. Mr. Ashford received an academic education 1028 I ION. II lOMAS I I ANDltRSON. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1029 at Mount Hope Academy, Rogers, Ohio, and at Poland Union Seminary, Poland, Ohio. After leaving school he taught in the public schools of his county in the winter seasons and worked upon his father’s farm in the summer for about five years, during which period he found time to study law under the tutelage of A. H. Clarke, Esq., of East Liverpool, Ohio. After spending about a year in Mr. Clarke’s office he was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of the State of Ohio, in June, 1889. In September of that year he located at Salineville, Ohio, where he continued to practice his profession for about ten years, when he was appointed to the position of Assistant Attorney in the Department of Justice at Washington. He was later promoted to the position of Special Attorney in said department. His duties consist in defending the Government in suits brought against it, in the Court of C'laims and the Supreme Court of the United States. Mr. Ashford has always been an ardent Republican and has served his party faith- fully in different capacities. In 1889 he was appointed City Solicitor of Salineville to fill a vacancy. He was elected to that office in 1890, 1892 and 1894. In 1895 he was elected to the House of the 72nd General Assembly of Ohio from Columbiana County and was re-elected to the 73rd General Assembly, in which occured the famous contest which resulted in the election of Marcus A. Hanna, United States Senator from Ohio. Mr. .Ashford was one of Senator Hanna’s warmest and most active supporters. Air. .Ashford rendered valuable service as a member of the Judiciary Committee in both the 72nd and 73rd General .Assembly. He was also chairman of the committee on common schools in the 72nd General .Assembly. Air. .Ashford is well known in secret society circles in Washington, being a member of the Alasonic Eraternity. He is also a trustee for Ohio of the .Ale.xander Hamilton National Alemorial Association. He was united in marriage at Salineville, Ohio, on the 21st day of October, 1891, to Aliss Lyda Nixon Orr. Two children, Alarie L. and Alargaret M. have blessed their union. Daniel Babst, Of Crestline, Ohio, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, is a native of Canal Pulton, Ohio, born on the 19th of October, 1847, the son of Daniel Babst and Alargareth A'ost Babst. Judge Babst’s ancestors came from Alsace-Lorraine, his father emigrating in 1832 to the United States. He landed in New AMrk, where he remained for a period of two years, and then, in 1834, removed to Kindel, Stark County, and later to Canal Fulton, where Judge Babst was born. In 1852, the family came to Crestline, Crawford County, Ohio. Judge Babst was educated in the Crawford County public schools, and, from 1864 to 1867, at Oberlin. He then read law with Nathan Jones, a prominent lawyer of Crestline, and in 1872, was admitted to the bar, taking up the practice of his chosen profession at Crest- line. Judge Babst is one of the leading Democrats of Crawford County and he has served his party faithfully and well. In 1877 to 1879 he was city solicitor of Crestline, but resigned, having been appointed Alayor of his home city by the city council. He served as Mayor from 1878 to 1885. In 1884, he was a candidate for Congress in his district but was defeated, his district being strongly Democratic and he at that time belonging to the Republican party. He was a member of the School Board and of the Board of School Examiners of Crestline for ten years. In 1887, he’ was a candidate for .Attorney General before the Republican State Con\ ention. Owing to his views regarding the money question, Judge Babst, in 1896, left the Republican party and joined the ranks of the Democrats. In 1908, he was elected to the Common Pleas bench. He is a Alason, K. T. and a Noble of the Alystic Shrine. Judge Babst was mar- ried twice; in 1872 to Alice E. Martin, who died in 1882, leaving one son and one daughter. In 1882, Judge Babst was married to Luella Carlisle. One son and one daughter were born from that union. The family reside at Crestline, Ohio. Henry Baer, Alember of the Hamilton County Bar, was admitted to practice law in 1878, was a grad- uate of the Law School of the Cincinnati College, is the son of Henry Baer, who was a native of Hessia, born 1820 and was a corporal in Co. “.A” Ninth O. AA 1. and of Barbara Humbert, born 1830, a native of Bavaria and who sur\-ives him. Air. Baer has been continuously engaged in the practice of his profession at Cincin- nati, and has a good practice, much of which comes from the Germans of Cincinnati. Air. Baer has been a member of the German Protestant Orphan .Asylum Society since 1881, and of Teutonia Lodge, I. O. O. F. since 1882 and of the Young Alen’s Blaine Club since 1886.' He was the representative from the first ward in the Board of Legislation, 1891-1892. He is connected with a number of Building and Loan .Associations and is the .Attorne>- for the Columbia Bank and Sa\ ings Company of Cincinnati. He was married in 1882 to Catharine R. Tucker, daughter of James H. Tucker, a native of Virginia and of Catherine Huenefeld Tucker, who came to Cincinnati from Hannover, in 1827. Air. Baer has two sons, Henry T. and Humbert, and three daughters, Lillian, Laura and Blanche. George C. Beis, A prominent member of the Sandusky Ohio, Bar, was born on the 12th of September, 1861, at Water\ ille, Lucas County, Ohio, in which place his father owned and operated a small brewery. The parents, George and Rosanna Allion Beis, were both natives of Baden, Germany. Mr. George C. Beis obtained his education in the Waterville public schools. .At the age of seventeen, he entered the teaching profession, in which he remained for a period of three years. During this time he was Secretary of the Lucas County Teachers’ Association. He then read law in the olfice of Scribner, Hurd & Scribner, at Toledo, Ohio, under the preceptorship of the Hon. Frank H. Hurd, who was a personal friend of Judge Beis. The latter subsequently attended the l’ni\-ersit\- of Alichigan, graduating from the law department of that institution in 1883. Upon his admission to the bar. Judge Beis took up the practice of his chosen profession, in which he has been engaged e\'er since with marked success. In politics. Air. Beis has always been a staunch HENRY B..\ER. CINCINN.X tl , O. PHILIP MARCH ASHFORD, WASHINGTON, D. C. THE BOOK OF OHIO. Democrat and he has served his party in many capacities. Three times, in 1885, 1887 and 188!) he was elected Solicitor of the City of Sandusky, Ohio, and in 1890 he was elected Probate Judge of Prie County, Ohio. He was defeated for re-election in 1893, being caught in the McKinley landslide, but, nevertheless, he ran 400 ahead of Lawrence r. Xeal, Democratic candidate for Covernor. In 1910, Judge Beis was a candidate for Lieutenant Oovernor of Ohio before the Democratic State Convention held at Dayton. SocialK', Judge Beis is a member of the Sandusky Lodge, B. P. O. Elks, No. 285, of which he was a charter member and was its second Exalted Ruler. Judge Beis was married at Sandusky, Ohio, on the 30th of January, 1890, to Miss Lucinda M. Zerbe. They have three children, Oeorge A., Jeanette and Mary Elizabeth. The family reside at 322 Huron Avenue, Sandusky, Ohio. Frederick Bertram, Eaw\er, ot ('incinnati, Ohio, and Ctninsel for the German Government, was born on the 29th of A])i'il, 1875, at Chncinnati. His father, Charles Bertram, was a natiA’e of Elber- teld, Germany, while his mother, Bertha Wenzlick Bertram, came from Pilsen, Austria. 'I'he father served as Lieutenant in the 0th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry during the War of the Rebellion, and had his arm blown off by a shell at the battle of Antietam. Mr. Bertram received his education in the primer, the district, the Intermediate, the Wood- ward High School at Cincinnati, and at the Ohio State University at Columbus, Ohio, from which institution he graduated in 1892, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He started in ]:>ublic life as a clerk at the age of seventeen years. Later upon his admission to the bar he took up the practice of his chosen profession, in which he was very successful. Sexually, Mr. Bertram is connected with the Masonic Eraternity, being a member of the Syrian Temple of the Mystic Shrine, Cin- cinnati. He is married. His residence is located at 409 Straight Street, and his office in the Providential Bank, Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio. Scott Bonham, .A leading member of the Bar of ('incinnati, Ohio, was born on the 25th of January, 1858, at Midway, Madison County, Ohio, the son of William J. and Letitia Hays Bonham, both nati\es of Ohio. He is of Scotch-Irish ancestry, his ancestors having resided in the United States for main’ generations. Mr. Bcmham was educated in the \ illage schools, - Mayor Chas. A. Snyder. On the 17th of August, 1907, he was nominated for the mayoralty on the Democratic ticket and elected the following November. Socially, Mr. Burkhart is a member of the Dayton Lodge, Masons, Scottish Rite, Mystic Shrine, K. of P., Elks, Harugari and the Royal Arcairum. On November second, 1909, he was re-elected to the office of Mayor by a ma- jority of 5907, more than twice the largest majority received by any candidate for Mayor in the history of the city. William Alexander Calderhead, One of the leading lawyers of Marysville, Kansas, and a prominent member of Congress on the Republican side of the House, is a native Ohioan. He first saw the light of day on the 26th of September, 1844, in Perry County, Ohio, the son of Re\-. E. B. Calderhead, a Minister of the LTnited Presbyterian Church. He received a careful education in the public schools, augmented by instructions from his father, and also at the Preparatory Department of Franklin College, New Athens, Ohio, where he spent the winter of 1861- 1862. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company H, 126th Ohio Wlunteer Infantry as a private. Later he was transferred to Company D of the 9th Veteran Reserves, for disability incurred in the service and on the 27th of June, 1865, he recei\'ed an honorable discharge. He then returned to Ohio and spent two years recovering his health, after which he attended school for one more term. Mr. Calderhead went to Kansas in the fall of 1868, and engaged in farming. He settled on a homestead near Newton, Harvey County, in 1872, taught school for one year in Newton, read law in the office of J. W. Ady and was admitted to the bar in 1875. In the same year Mr. Calderhead went to Atchinson, Kansas, and the next four years were spent in further studying law and teach- ing country schools during winter. He came to Marysville in November, 1879, opened an office and engaged in the general practice of law, in which he has been very successful. Mr. Calderhead has been a staunch Republican all his life and he has served the party of his choice and conviction in manj' capacities. In 1888, he was elected County Attorney, ser\ing for two years, and also served 14 years as clerk of the Board of Education of the Citj' of Marysville, Kansas. In 1894 he was elected to Congress. Again he was elected to the same responsible position in 1898, 1900, 1902, 1904, 1906 and 1908. Mr. Calderhead was ten years a member of the House Committee on Banking and Currency. and is now a member of the Ways and hleans Committee and helped to frame the Payne Tariff. He was a member of the Conference Committee which completed the bill that became a law, August 5, 1909. Both in Congress and at the House he has always had high standing for having a steady courage of conviction and is one of the most force- ful speakers of his state. John A. Caldwell, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the First District of Ohio, in charge of the Juve- nile Department, is one of the best known and most popular citizens of Cincinnati. He was born on the 1st of April, 1852, in Fair Haven, Preble Count}’, Ohio, and received a common school education in his native village, supplemented by a course in mathemat- ics and in latin. In 1876 he graduated from the Cincinnati Law School, and taught school during the fall and winter of 1877, and in the spring of the year following he entered upon the practice of law in Cincinnati. In 1881, Judge Caldwell was elected Prosecuting Attorney, and re-elected in 1883. Two years later. Judge Fitzgerald, a man of great popularity, defeated Judge Caldwell for Police Judge of Cincinnati, but in 1887 he, in turn, defeated Judge Fitzgerald for the same office. However, before he had completed his term as Police Judge he was elected to represent the Second Ohio District in Con- gress, and was re-elected in 1890 and 1892. As Congressman from the Second District he was conspicious as an advocate of all measures to protect the workingmen and afford justice and relief to the soldiers. He strongly advocated the eight hour bill, under the provisions of which government contractors are prevented from forcing their men more than eight hours a day. He is the author of the bill to prevent the descretion of the .American flag through its indiscriminate use for advertising and other similar purposes. He is also the author of the anti-lottery bill. Judge Caldwell made the fa^•orable report that secured the enactment of the car coupler law, requiring all rail road companies to adopt safety couplers on all trains engaged in interstate commerce, and advocated the re-classification of the various postal employees, under which all railway postal clerks and letter carriers are now working. Against the employment of convict labor on govern- ment contracts. Judge Caldwell took a firm stand, and he also was the author of a bill to require all prison-made goods, of what- ever character, to be stamped, so as to show where and in what prison they were manufactured. While he was serving his third term in Congress he was unanimously elected chairman of the congressional campaign committee. M'hen it became essential to the success of the Republican party in Cincinnati that the strongest possible man before the people should be selected as its candidate lor Mayor, Judge Caldwell was nominated to head the municipal ticket, in 1893, and he patriotically put aside his congressional career and was elected Mayor of Cincinnati. In 1899, Judge Caldwell was elected Lieutenant Go\’ernor ot Ohio, and, in 1901, Judge of the Common Pleas Court of the First Ohio Judicial District, to which office he has been re-elected to .serve a second term. Judge Caldwell li\-es with his family in Cummins\'ille, Cincinnati, Ohio. JOHN .i,. CALDWELL. CINCINN.ATI. O. E. E. BURKHART, DAYTON, O. 1034 TFIE BOOK OF OHIO. John Franklin Carlisle, Attorney at law and AssigninenI ( 'ommissioner of the Common Pleas Court of Franklin County, Ohio, was born on the 4th of Sep- tembi'r, 1S7'), at Crestline, Crawford County, (Jhio, the son of James M. Carlisle, Secretary of the Burch Plow Works Company, and l.illie [ane I'rye, natixes of C.uernsex' and Stark Counties, Ohio, respectively. His direct lineal ancestor came to Ohio about 1801. llis name was William Carlisle, Ijorn in 1783, in Mifflin County, Pa. His immediate ancestor settled and named Carlisle, Pa., in 177)1. William Carlisle's grandfather came from North England; his grandmother came from Ireland. David Carlisle, a brother, in 1801, settled in Newton d'ownship, near Newton Falls, on the Mahoning River, while William Carlisle settled in Win- chester, ('.uernsex' ('ount\-, ( )hio, after having remained for a time near New Philadelphia, in Tuscarawas County. One of his sons was C.eorge Bratton Carlisle, a prominent and wealthy man, whose eldest son. Captain John IF Carlisle, organized a company, and led it on the Union side throughout the Civil War. He died in 1901. Isaac B. Carlisle, another son of George Bratton Carlisle, at one time resident of Columl)us, Ohio, was a soldic'r in the Cixil War, was cai)tured in battle and incarcerated in Lil)by Prison until exchanged. He is now lixing in Buffalo, N. V. James Milton Carlisle, Mr. J. F. Car- lisle’s lather, came to Columbus in 1872, xxdiere he worked as a clerk for three years. In 187() he mox'ed to Crestline, ( )hio, engaged in the grocery business there until 1894, w hen he xxas compelled to abandon it on account of ill health. Two years later he took up his |)resent ])osition. Flizabeth Hanna wais a daughter of John Hanna and Rebecca 1 hirris. She married George Bratton C'arlisle in 1834. Her father, John Hanna, xxms a xwleran ot the American Rexolution. Alter the Rex'olution he xvas gixxm land for ser- vice in ('.uernsey ('ounty and engaged in running a distillery. Mr. J. F'. Carlisle’s moth- ers’ name belore she married James Milton Carlisle xvas Fillie Jane Frye. Her father, d'homas Rhodes F'rx'e, xvas married to Ann Jane Hogate. Her father, Thomas Rhodes h'rye, xvas the first ])assenger conductor ot the then Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago R. R. Coni])any. He xvas in charge of the first passenger train that run irom Pittsburg to ('restline, Ohio. His fathers’ name was Al)raham Decker F'ryc. He came to Ohio with his family in a Pennsylvania Carry-all Wagon, in 183(i, and settled near Paris, now Plymouth, Ohio. He came from Washington County, Pa., xvhere he xvas engaged as a taxern keeiier. His xvife’s name before marriage was Elizabeth West. Mr. J. F'. Car- lisle’s maternal grandmother, Ann Jane Hogate, xxms a daughter of Jonathan Hogate and Sallie Summers. Jonathan xxms a Sea Captain and was lost at sea. Sally Summers xvas a Ouaker, and came to Ohio in the late forties xxdth her children. Mr. J. F. Carlisle receix'cd his education in the Crestline pulxlic schools, from which he graduated in June, 1893. He took up languages and higher mathematics in a select school for two years, also shorthand. He then taught country school and then xvent to Mansfield, xvhere he studied law with Mr. J. C. Baser, for two and a half years, and while so engaged acted as a court stenographer in Richland and Ashland ('f)unties. To perfect his legal education, he entered Ohio State FIniversity at Columbus, and completed the second and third years’ course in one year. He xxms admitted to the Bar in October, 1899, when he came to Columbus and took u|) the i)ractice of his chosen profession. In 1901, he xxms api)ointed Deputy Clerk in the Franklin County Common Pleas ('ourts, and txvo years later he receixxd the a]xpointment to his present position. In politics, he is a staunch Reiwiblican. Socially, he is a member of the Elks, the Modern Woodmen of America and of the Buckeye Republican Club of Ohio. He also belongs to the Ohio State Bar Association. After being admitted to the bar of Ohio, on the 14th of October, 1899, he was admitted to practice before the United States Courts for the Sixth Circuit and Southern District of Ohio, on the 13th of February, 1903. ( )n the 22nd of July, 1907), he was married to Miss Esther Belle Gledhill, of Crawford County, Ohio. They have one child, John Gledhill ('arlisle, l)orn F'ebruary Oth, 1910. She xvas a daughter of Wdlliam Gledhill and Rebecca Gilliland, the ancestors of each being pioneers of this section of the state. Mr. Carlisle is very fond of the study of Philosophy, both ancient and modern, as xvell as Psychology and Psychic Phenomena in general, and has selected his library to this end. He resides at 242 Reinhard Avenue, Columbus, Ohio. Flis offices are located in the Franklin County Court House. JOIINF. eWRUSLU. COLUMBUS, O. THE ASSIGNMENT SYSTEM AND CARLISLE’S ASSOCIATION WITH IT. After haxdng practiced for txvo years with Mr. C. D. Saviers, when he was appointed a Deputy Clerk on January 1st, 1901, by the then C'lerk of Courts, John WF McCafferty, four judges of the Common Pleas Court held court in four different divisions at once, and this xvas producing such conflict by reason of cases being heard in more than one room at the same time that the judges xx'ere compelled to annul assignments so that attorneys might continue in the cases they happened to be trying, and this was constantly resulting in much loss of time and expense, not only to the courts, but to counsel and litigants. It xvas seen that something had to be done so that conflicts could be reduced to the minimum. The F'ranklin County Bar Association met and appointed a com- mittee of six to draft a rule and submit it to the Association. They did make a report, but this report was triangular, three dif- ferent plans being submitted, each gox-erned by a different rule. The Bar Association could not agree as to which one to recom- mend to the court. It did Anally agree to sulxmit all three rules to the court and let it choose. The judges reported that they could not agree, and this was the way the matter stood at the end of the April term, 1903. He had attended the different meetings of the Bar Association, and saxv that none of the Rules proxdded for the Centralization of power in the assignment of the cases, and xxxll knexv that this xxms the only way out of the trouble. He then began to cast about in order to learn what they did in the larger cities of the State, and as Clexxland had the most Common Pleas Judges, Mr. McCafferty agreed that he should go to Cleveland and learn xvhat they xx’ere doing. He found that basic idea “centralization of poxver,’’ covered by their rule, some of the provisions of xvhich he found to be capable of adjustment to the situation in Franklin Common Pleas. Mr. V. A. E. Dustin, of Clex^eland, was in charge of the assignment there, and the judges there had alloxved him to put into operation his plan at the September term, 1899, and it was found that it had xmry materially improved on the old individual assignment plan. After returning to Columbus he drexv a rule, in many respects different from the Cleveland one and sul)mitted it to the judges, who signed it without changing it in any respect. His plan differs from that of Mr. Flustin’s in two important respects: Limitation as to the time when and the number of sti[)Lilations that may be had, Mr. Dustin allowing unlimited stipulation as to time and number. “Availibility and readiness gox’erning the order of the assignment of a case, Mr. Dustin assigning the case alxxmys in numerical order. Many other minor differences such as the assignment of all interlocutory matters xxfflere testimony required, giving direct notice of the setting of a case by post card or phone. Axing the time as to when witnesses are to report and classifying his “Ready Active List’’ into three, “Jury Contested,” “Equity Contested” and “Short Notice Ex Parte.” Mr. Dustin carries but two lists, jury and equity, which he calls the THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1035 “Acti\'e List.” Mr. Carlisle carries on what Mr. Dustin calls the Active List, only such cases as he knows are ready and available and in which there is no possible conflict, the READY ACTIVE LIST. lie started off assigning the cases as a Deputy Clerk at the Sejiteniber term, 1903, and after two terms, the judges and bar being so pleased with it he was gi\en full reign, resigned as Deputy (lerk and was appointed as a Court C'onstable and placed by the judges in charge of the assignment in an office of his own. Eigures showed, as compared with the previous April term, 1903, that the plan made it possible to dispose of Oo per cent more court business. They now have six judges, and by increasing the size of his "Ready Active List” the court business goes on just as smocjthly as it did with four. summary of the operation of the Rule is about as follows; The business of the assignment of ci\ il cases is centralized in one head. The "Call List” is a list of the civil cases at issue or in default and pending in court for trial, and from which cases arc set as near as ]X)ssible in their numerical order. This "('all List” is made from "Xcjtice For Trial Slips,” which contain blank spaces to be filled out with the number, style, nature of the case and names of counsel on Ijoth sides, by the attorney, and which he deposits at the assignment room as soon as the issues in the case arc fully made up or the case is in default. From these slips a "C'ase Card,” which is the size of a folded i)leading, is made, and the "Case Cards” are then di\ided into three lists. Jury, PZciuity and Ex Parte Short-Notice. The cases are set from these lists either by the Assignment Commissioner or the stii)ulation of counsel, but neither the former nor the latter can advance a case from its regular order. To advance a case requires an order of court, except in such cases as is provided by statute. E\-erything is prospecti\'e, the cases being set at least a week hence and when that date arrives they are put in the "Ready Active List.” This list together with all cases set by the Assignment Commissioner or sti])ulation of counsel to dates hence are published in a court paper, which usually contains several hundred cases. The "Ready Acti\'c List” appears in the first column, the jury by themselves, the equity by themselves and the Short-Xotice E.x Parte by themselves, a total of not less than fifty cases. The attorneys, by this plan, can always see their cases approaching on the list. The Assignment Com- missioner sends cases to the rooms as fast as finished. He controls the jurors by a card s}'stem, the witnesses, the attorneys and the order of trial of civil cases. He keeps advised of the engagements of attorneys in other local courts of record as well as the dif- ferent divisions of the Common Pleas Court, and thereby prevents such conflicts as would otherwise stop trials. As soon as he sees that a case or cases will be reached, he sends for the witnesses which have l)een left on precipes by attorneys and signed by them in blank. He makes a study of the length of cases and sometimes the business as to keep a study disposition of court work. He is kept informed of the progress of cases by the court room bailiffs over a private phone system, which information is posted on a black board near the assignment room. After a case is finished, the "Case Card” that went with the papers when case was assigned, is returned to the assignment room with the memoranda on it showing the disposition of the case, which memoranda is transferred to a perpetual loose-leaf binder. This makes it possible to give instant information in regard to any case that went through the office. The basic principle, "centralized power to assign cases” governed by a court rule now exists, in addition to Franklin County, in Cuyahoga and Hamilton Counties and will be taken up in Lucas County at the January term, 1910. It also exists in Kansas City, Mo. Buffalo, New York and Louisr'ille, Ky. arc talking of adopting it. They can save time and money by doing so. Frank- lin Common Pleas was three years behind on its docket at the September term, 1903; now, the January term, 1910, they are reach- ing cases in from two to three months. It saves money to litigants, as witnesses are used in most all cases on the day they are sent for and do not have to remain about the Court waiting for the case to be called. A court room is never idle, an extra jury with sufficient talismen being carried to take up a case should a jury be out. Several times during the last six years has a judge had three juries out deliberating at the same time. George H. Chamberlain, Attorney at law at Elyria, Ohio, is a man well known in the historic Western Reserve. He was born on a farm in Lorain County on the 21st of June, 18<)2. His early education was obtained in the district schools of his nati\’e count}’. At the age of seventeen he went to Oberlin College to pursue his studies, teaching school during the winter months to pay his expenses through college. In the fall of 1884 he entered the law office of E. G. Johnson, at Elyria, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of Ohio, in June, 1887, when he immediately took up the practice of the law. Since that time, with the e.xception of six years, from 1889 to 189.7, when he lived in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, he has continued to practice in Elyria. Mr. Chamberlain is a descendant from good old Vermont and New York State Stock, and is a lifelong, enthusiastic Repub- lican. Early in life he became interested in all political and patriotic events. Rec- ognizing the ability and long years of faithful serx’ice in the interests of the Republican party, as a proof of its appreciation, nominated him to the Senate of the Seventy-fifth General Assembly in the fall of 1901. His triumphant election followed. In a dis- trict nominally Republican b}' 3,000 \’otes he received a majority of 3,800. Ha\’ing servefl with distinction, always true to his constitutents and the peoj^le of the State of Ohio in general, he was nominated by acclamation for a second term, and on the organ- ization of the Senate of the Seventy-sixth General Assembly, he was elected President pro tern of that body, receiving the unanimous vote of both Republicans and Democrats. After the death of Congressman Skiles, Mr. Chamberlain was prominently mentioned as a candidate for Congress, but failed by a few votes to receive the nomination. Mr. guorge h. chamberl.mn, elyria. o. Chamberlain is a lawyer of high standing, wide experience and good common sense, who enjoys the confidence and respect of his clients and fellow practitioners. He is a married man and father of sc\’en children. He is a trustee and member of the Official Board of the M. E. Church and a Superintendent of the Sunday School. He is prom- inently identified with the business and social life of his home city, and is a member of the Elyria Board of Education. John Jonas Chester, One of the most prominent corporation and commercial lawyers of Columbus, was born on the 18th of June, ISfiO, at Newark, ( )hio. Ills father, Auston Eaton Chester, was a natir’e of Groton, Conn., whence he remoc’ed with his jrarents to Ohio, locating in Licking County. His mother, Mrs. Cordelia McCune Chester, was born in Brattleboro, Wrmont. The ancestry of the McCune familv is the same as that of the Whitney family of New 7'ork, which has been thoroughly collated and extensi\ely published and is reliably traced back through se\’eral centuries. The ancestry of the paternal family can be traced back to Y'illiam Chester, (jf Chip- ping Barnet, Herts, yeoman. \M11 dated January IG; proved in C. P. C. 28th of February, loG.Y Married Alawde, who was Iniried at Chipping Barnet before 15G5. William Chester was the greatgrandfather of Leonard Chester, born 1CU9, who emigrated to X'ew 1036 THE BOOK OF OHIO. England in 1033, and settled in Wethersfield, Conn. On his tombstone at Wethersfield, Connecticut, in the yard of the First Congregational Church, is a rude cutting (jf the Chester Arms, which are described as follows: “Ifrmine on a chief sable; a griffin passant argent. Crest-Arhagone, or griffin passant argent. Motto: A’incit qui patitur.’ ” Translated it reads: “He conepters who endures” or “is patient.” Much has been ])rinted about another descendant of the same line. Captain Samuel ( hesler, who went to New London, ('onn., from Boston, in l(i()3. He was master of the brigantiiu- ad\euture, and was c.ii)turc“d by the h'rench. Later he engaged in i)ublic sur\e\s and had exteiisiw land inlcu'ests King partly in the Fast parish (jf New London, now called ( iroton, w hile other hirge tracts were included within his jiroperty holdings. I le was also a factor in the West India 'Lrade. 1 lis son, John Chester, born in K)y2, was the ne.xl in direct line. 1 h' imirried Mary Starr, a daughter of Thomas Starr, who was the second son of Hannah Bivwster, the yotmgest daughter of Jonathan Brewster. Jon- athan Brewsli'r w.is born in Ifngland and came to Idymonth in 1021, on the Fortitne. Me was the oldest son ot fJdc'r William Brewster, “('hiet ol the Pilgrims,” one of the “MaN'Ilowvr” |)assengers. Simeon Chester, second son of John Chester, removed to 'I'lnro, No\a Scotia, soon aitt'r his marriage. At the ontl)reak of the Revedutionary W ar, with John Starr, he lelt Nova Scotia for the C'olonies. He was pursued by enemies, but at l.isl arri\ed at ('iroton, his ancestral home, lie had owned consideral)le property In No\a Scotia, but was compelled to .sacrifice this because of his loyalty to the colonial inferesfs. 1 lowaw er, by acts ol ( ongress, in 17Sf) and LSOI , Simeon Chester was awarded IftiO .icres of land in tluve sejiarale tracts, one located in h'ranklin County and the other two in Licking Connt>', ( )hio. Ills son Flias, later removed to the tract in Franklin Cotmt\’, and gaw the name ol Truro to the township Fast of Columbus, in honor of his former home in Nova Scotia, d'he tracts in Licking Cotmty were snl)seciuently settled by Sinu'on Chester, Jr., the grandfather of John Jonas Chester. Anston Eaton Chester, the lather, came to Crainille with his parents. He became a civil engineer and later entered the hardware and foundry business. Mr. Jonas John Chester obtained his educalion at the public schools of Newark, after which he attended W’ooster University for tw-o years and then matriculated at Lafa\ette College, Easton, Pa. He graduated from Lafayette College in 1882, receiving the degree of B. of A. Later he received the Masti‘ 1 ' of .Arts degree from ihe same college. Coming to Columbits, he studied law in the office of Converse, Booth & Keating, and, in lo'brnary, 1884, was admitted to practice before the Snimeme Court of Ohio. He began practice alone; never had a i)artner, and became one of the most eminent and successful coi'iioration and commercial lawyers in Ohio. In addition to his legal duties, Mr. Chester is interested in \arions industries and business enteiqjrises. He is 'Vice-President and General Counsel of the James Ohlen N Sons Saw Manufactitring Company; Secrettiry and Treasurer of the Pure Milk Company; 'Vice-President and Director of the Ohio Rcalt\- N ('onstruction Coni|)any; 'V'ice-President and Director of the Grandview Lumber Company and is Director of the Indeiiendent Packers I'crtilizer C'ompany and the Montana Standard Mining Company, and stockholder in many other concerns. He has always Ikh'ii a f.iithfnl Republican and was formerly acti\e in the ranks of the party. He was Secretary of the State Republican League, but now has retired from actix'e particii)ation in politics. Socially, Mr. Chester is a member and was formerly President of Benjamin l''nmklin ('hapter. Sons of the American Revolution; he is a member of the Ohio Club, the Columbus Country Club and the Masonic h'raternity, he being a 32nd degree Ma.son, a Knight 'Lemplar and a member of the Adystic Shrine; he also belongs to the Elks and other secret orders and is President of the Columbus Riding Clul). On the 25th of August, 1894, he was married to Miss Harriet F. Lisle, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. They hax'C three children, John VI, Jeanette and Louise. Henry M. Cist, Deceased, who during his life of usefulness was a most ])rominent member of the Hamilton County bar, a distinguished soldier and excellent citizen, was born on the 20th of Leb- ruary, 1839, at Cincinnati. His father, Chas. Cist, was a soldier of the war of 1812, ami the author of a standard hist(;ry of Cincinnati. 4he family has Ixeen in America lor many generations, and the members of the family have taken an active jtart in the x'arions wars ot our country. General Cist’s grandfather was a soldier in the War of the Revolution and served in a Pennsylvania Militia Regiment. General Cist was ed- ucated in Cincinnati. W hen the Cix il WGr broke oitt he xvas engaged in the study of law, but XX hen President Lincoln issitcd his call to arms, young Cist interrupted his studies and enlisted in Co. A. ot the Sixth (Jhio Vol. Inf. Regiment on the 19th of April, 18(31, in Camp Harrison, (Jhio. At his first enlistment he had taken the oath for only three months, as it xvas the general opinion that the xvar xvould be of only short duration. He xvas discharged on the 18th of June, 1861, but re-enlisted the x^ery same day, this time as Second Lieutenant. His career as a soldier of the Union Army was a very brilliant one. lie enlisted as a prixxite and as Second Lieutenant, and, for gallantry, was advanced through the xvirious stages until he was brevetted Brigadier-General at the close of the War. .As a conspicuous member of the staff of General Thomas, he took part in the bat- tles of Perryville, Stone Riv’er, Murfreesboro and Chickarnauga. At the battle of Stone River a horse xvas killed under him, and after the battle, when he e.xamined his hat, he found that not less than fix’e bullets had penetrated it. General Cist xvas honorably discharged on the 4th of January, 1866, when he again took up the study of laxv and in due time xvas admitted to practice. He continued in his profession until a few years before his death, xvhen he retired. (Aeneral Cist xvas a prominent member of the Loyal Legion, the G. A. R. and of the Army of the t'umberland, in xvhich organization he filled the positic;n of secretary for many years. As an author he was well known. Among his works are his contributions t(j the “Scribner WAir Stories,” “Romance of Shilo,” “Cincinnati with the War Fever, and the biog- raphies of the “Generals of the W'ar of 1861-1865,” which were puldished in the Encyclopedia Britanica. General Cist was married txxdce. Ills first union xvas xvith Miss Mary Alorris, a grand-daughter of U. S. Semitor Thomas Morris. Mrs. Cist passed axx'ay in 1876, leaxdng four daughters. The second marriage of General Cist was with Miss Jenie E. Bare. One daughter was the issue of this union. CH.XS. CIST, CINCINNAl l. n JOI IN J. Cl lESTER, COLUMBUS, O THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1037 JOSEPH H. CLARK, DETROIT, MICH. General Cist passed out of life on the 17th of December, 1902, at Rome, Italy, ■while traveling through that country. He was buried with military honors in beautiful Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio. Joseph H. Clark, A prominent attorney of Detroit, Michigan, is a native Buckej’e, born on the 20th of December, 1860, on a farm near Sandusky, Ohio. His father, hfelson Clark, is a native of Vermont, while his mother, hlrs. Sarah F. Clark, was born in New York State. Mr. Clark’s ancestors have lived in this country for many generations. They came West in 1834 and settled in Erie County, Ohio. At the public schools of his native county and the Normal School, Valparaiso, Indiana, Mr. Clark received a careful education. Having graduated from the latter institution, he took up the study of law in the offices of Winsor & Snowar, at Port Austin, Mich. He was admitted to the bar in 1885, and immediately entered upon a later-on ver\' lucrative practice of his chosen profession. He now is a member of the well known firm of Clark, Lockwood & Bryan, with offices at 1301-8 Ford Building, Detroit, Mich. In politics, Mr. Clark is an energetic and active member of the Republican party. He held the office of assistant Prosecuting Attorney of Wayne County in 1903. Socialh', he is a member of the Mason Frater- nity, holding the 32nd degree, a K. of P. and of the Ohio Society of Detroit, Mich- igan. He is married. His residence is located at 360 Frederick Street, Detroit, Michigan. Frank M. Clevenger, Attorney at Law, at Wilmington, Ohio, and a member of the State Senate, representing the Fifth-Sixth Ohio District in that body, was born on the 8th of March, 1865, at Clin- ton County, Ohio. His parents, William and Martha Compton Clevenger, were natives of Ohio and Indiana, respectively, but the parents of each being Virginians. Senator Clevenger was educated in the common and high schools at Wilmington, and by pri\-ate instruction. He graduated from Wilmington High School in 1886. Later he took up the study of law, was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of Ohio, and entered upon the practice of his chosen profession. Mr. Clevenger is a faithful Republican. In the fall of 1908, he was nominated and elected a member of the State Senate. On the 7th of August, 1890, he was married to Miss Mary Robinson, of Winchester, \drginia. Two children have blessed their union. Senator Clevenger resides at Wilmington, Ohio. William C. Cochran, FRANK M. CLEVENGER. WILMINGTON, O. Of Cincinnati, Ohio, a lawyer who stands high in the esteem of his fellow practitioners and the public in general, was born on the 29th of March, 1848, at Oberlin, Ohio, where his father, William Cochran, had occupied the chair of Mental and Moral Philosophy in the Oberlin College. Prof. Cochran died before his son was born. His mother, Helen Finney Cochran, was the daughter of Chas. G. Finney, President of Oberlin College. Both parents were natives of Pennsyh ania, born in Wstmoreland County and Phila- delphia, respectively. Mr. Cochran’s paternal ancestry was Scotch-Irish, his mother’s, Connecticut-Yankee. The Finney’s came to this country early in the 17th century and settled in Bristol, R. L, afterwards moving to Warren County, Connecticut, where Charles G. Finney, IMr. Cochran’s most distinguished ancestor, was born. He was educated for the bar, became converted at the age of 29, and became a noted “Revivalist.” He was the first pastor of the Broadway Tabernacle of New York City, and afterwards President of Oberlin College. In November, 1849, IMr. Cochran’s mother married Jacob D. Cox, afterwards Major General of the U. S. Wlunteers, Governor of Ohio, Secretary of the Interior and member of Congress. Mr. Cochran received a ven,' careful education at the Warren, Ohio, High School and at Oberlin College, graduating from that institution in 1869, with the degree of A. B. He was Greek orator and Wledictorian of his class. Mr. Cochran supported himself from the time he was sixteen years of age. For a year and a half before entering college he was a bookkeeper and cashier in a store at Quincy, Ilk, and saved enough to carry him through his freshman year. He taught country school during the long winter vacations, and, during his Junior and Senior years, taught classes in Latin, Greek and hlathematics at Oberlin. After graduating, he was appointed Indian Trust Fund Clerk in the Department of the Interior and held that position until December, 1870, when he resigned and went to Europe for travel and post- graduate study. Upon his return, he studied law in the office of Cox, Burnett & Follett, at Cincinnati, and was admitted to the Bar of Ohio, in October, 1872, and to practice in the Supreme Court of the United States in 1881. In the fall of 1872 he was offered the chair of Mathematics at Berea College, Kentucky, but declined that position. His practice has been a general one, covering almost every branch of the law except criminal and divorce cases, which he invariably declined. While he has not made a specialty of patent law, as attorney for various manufacturing corporations he has engaged in much patent litigation in which he has been almost uniformly successful. Mr. Cochran is President and Treasurer of the Blym\-er Realty Company, operating the Blymyer Building, WILLIAM c. COCHRAN. CINCINNATI, o. 512-516 Main Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. He is the author of “The Student’s Law Le.xicon,” 1038 THE BOOK OF OHIO. I)ul)lishc(l by Uic Robert Clarke Company in 1S88. While being a staunch Republican he has never sought nor received a nomination for anv offii'e, but for a period of three >'ears he was a memljer of the Supreme Court Committee for examining candidates for admission to ihe bar. Mr. Cochran has been a Trustee of Oberlin College since 1!)()(), a Trustee of Miami Medical College since 1897, and 'I'nislee of Ml. .\uburii 1 ’resb\'lerian Church since 1890. He has been a member of the Literary Club, of Cincinnati, since 187'). Ilis essays and contribulion^^ ha\'e been numerous and well received. He is also a member of the Cincinnati Bar Associa- tion ects superior to that ot centuries ago. The iwesent age produces no Aristotle, no Lraiicis bacon, no Shakespeare. It undoubtedlx' uses the storehouse of the centuries, but in literature, science and philosophy we w itness the residts ol the labors ol our jiredecessors. ( )tir triuni])hs are the consummation of ages of thought and effort. Dr. Dawson remained ;it Jamestown, practicing medicine in connection with Dr. Winans, until 1851. In constant study and practice his mind had rapidly e\])anded, and he now rettlized the necessity of a broader field for his talents and acciuirement. He accordinglx' reinovi-d to Columbus, Ohio. At the tinu> Dr. Dawson located at Columbus, the State was just adopting its nexx' Constitution. Reuben Wood was Gover- nor. Its Suiireme ('ourt was conpio.sed of William B. Caldwell, Thomas W. Bartley, John A. ('orwin, Allen G. Thurman and Rufus B. Rannex'. ( ieorge lx. Pugh, alterxvards the hero ol the Charleston Conx’ention, xvas Attorney General. In semi-]xublic life were editors Medarx , hlood, Kshelman and Trex itt. At the bar xvere Joseph R. Sxvan, John Wk Andrews, J. William Baldwin and Henry C. Nobkx Into this circle ol distinguished men Dr. John Daxvson entered at the age of forty-one. He became a itartner of Dr. William 'I'l'cx ilt, Ixvice SeenSary of Stale, and afterxvards Consul to Chile, under President Buchanan. In the x'ery short period of txvo years after his location at t'olumbus. Dr. Dawson was appointed physician to the State Asy- lum for the Ixducation of the Blind, and the year folloxving he xvas elected to the chair of Anatomy and Physiology in Starling Med- ical College. The following year he became the editor of the Ohio Medical and Surgical Journal. In the college his confreres were John W. Ihimilton, the great surgeon ol Central Ohio; Samuel W. Smith that urbane and polished expounder of materia medica, whose form and features are still preserved in majestic bronze in front of the Capitol, at Columbus; Francis Carter, Itlessed of sulTering women; Theodore Wormley, the autheu' of the great xvork, “The Micro-Chemistry of Poisons,” a 'man so distinguished that he was afterwards ('.died to the Lnix'ersity of Pennsylvania as the foremost chemist of the land. Dr. Daxvson became the 1 lean ol this distinguished Factilty in 1859, which position he held until his death. Having attained rofessor of languages in Woodward College while he was a student. He pursued his studies at home, his method being to read not less than thirty pages of law each week day, except Saturday. Saturday morning he reviewed what he had pre\'iously read, and on Saturday afternoon was examined by Mr. Snow. In this way he acquired, in the course of five years, a good knowledge of the princijjles of law. At the May term, 1848, of the old Ohio Supreme Court, on the Circuit, he was admitted to the h)ar, l)ut did not commence practice until December of that year, having for the previous eighteen months taught in the public schools of Cincinnati. On Septemlier 17, 1851, he married A4iss Agnes Moore, a grand-daughter of Adam Moore, an early pioneer and a leading merchant of Cincinnati. From this union nine children were born, of whom the following survive: Edward C. Ferguson, Stanley Ferguson, attorneys; Dudley Ferguson, a student; Annettee herguson, Mrs. James L. C'ornell, of Maryland, and Airs. Larz W. Anderson, of Cincinnati. In Ai)ril, 1852, in his twenty-sixth year, he was elected Iiy the City (Awmcil of Cincinnati, City Solicitor. His first duty as Solicitor was to go to Columbus, Dhio, where the first General Assembly under the Constitution of 1851 was in session. A general tax law had I)een passed, a secti(.)n of which so restrictcxl. It was thought by the city officers, the levy for city purposes, that under it THE BOOK OF OHIO. there could not be a sufficient amount raised for municipal purposes to carry on the city government. There were two bills pending for the organization and government of municipalities, one drawn by William G. Williams, the city clerk, and introduced in the House by Benjamin T. Dale; the other drawn by William Y. Gholson, his prede- cessor in office, afterwards a judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati and the Supreme Court of Ohio, which was introduced in the Senate by Adam N. Riddle, a Senator from Hamilton County. Mr. Dale felt aggrieved that Senator Riddle had introduced the Gholson Bill without first consulting with him, as he had first introduced the Williams Bill. Mr. Dale also complained that he could not get his colleagues, the Hamilton County Delegation, who were mostly young men, to give attention to this important subject. Upon Mr. Furguson’s suggestion, Mr. Dale agreed that they should meet at his room in the evening and take up both bills. As the Gholson bill was drawn by a learned lawyer and contained provisions for the organization as well as the government of municipalities which the Williams Bill did not, they took up the Gholson Bill first, and by twenty-seven amendments taken principally from the Wdlliams Bill, that e\'en- ing prepared a new bill which became the Municipal Code of May 2, 1852. One of the amendments repealed the restricting clause in the general tax law; another created the Police Court. This was his first experience in legislation. His term as City Solicitor expired in May, 1853, and soon thereafter he was retained by the Com- missioners of Hamilton County as their legal adviser, and was such for about eight years. During this time a new court house, jail, lunatic asylum and other public works were constructed, which required the drafting of bills and contracts which became the subject of litigation. In addition to a general practice, Mr. Ferguson was engaged as one of the Counsel in all the important street and steam rail- way cases. At the October election in 1859, he was elected as Democrat, one of the three Senators from Hamilton County to the General Assembly of 1800-1861. While in the Senate he drew \'arious bills which became laws relating to the City and County go\'ern- ment and street railways. He also drew the Bribery Act. the Canal Leasing Act, and after the outbreak of the Ci\ il War, in 1861, with the aid of General George B. McClellan, the act under which was organized the Ohio Volunteer Force. Among the Senators who afterwards became distinguished were James A. Garfield, Jacob D. Cox and Thomas M. Key. In the House was William B. Woods, who became distinguished as a soldier, and afterwards a Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. General Ben- jamin R. Cowen was Clerk of the House; two of thereporters were Whitelaw Reid, now of the New York Tribune and Ambas- sador to England, and William Dean Howells, one of the editors of H.^rper’s Magazine and a distinguished author. After the expiration of his term as Senator, in 1861, upon the election of Charles Fox, Esq., as a Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati, who had been solicitor of the Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Comapny, Mr. Ferguson was retained by that Company in his place, and continued such for about thirty three years. The foregoing is a partial statement of his. experience as a lawyer and legislator before drafting, in his forty-second year, the Cincinnati Southern Railway Act of May 4, 1869. As to the part he took in the execution of the trust after his appointment as Trustee, Dr. Hollander in the twelfth series of The Johns Hopkins LIniversity Studies, with the title, “The Cincinnati Southern Railway; a study in Municipal Activity,” has this to say (Essay page 73) : “In the objective study of an institution, it is rarely possible to recognize personal elements. Yet any survey of the influences at work in the history of the Cincinnati Southern Railway would be imperfect without a clear recognition of the part contributed by a single personality, Mr. Edward A. Ferguson, the author of the original enabling act, and a member of the Board of Trustees since its creation. In so far as it is - possible to speak of any large work as the product of a single agent, the Railway is to be associ- ated with his name. The inception of the project, every piece of legislation, is traceable to his legal ingenuity. He is closely iden- tified with the actual construction and ultimate disposition of the Railway, and but few details in its history fail to reveal the im- press of his activity. Material interests, political preferment have been sacrificed, and a life of high possibilities devoted with rare un- selfishness to this one end.” To this may be added the testimony of Mr. H. P. Boyden, in his pamphlet entitled “The Beginnings of the Cincinnati Southern Railway.” On page 110 he says: “Mr. Hollander says in his intensely interesting sketch ‘The experiment was unique as it was remarkable.' So it was as hazardous as it was unprecedented. It was not in the power of the capacity of many men to steer a straight course in the nine years from the time the building of the road was decided on to the decisive vote of 1878. “But no one can read the history of those years as meagerly set forth in the various extracts that have been given, and call back to mind what happened in the years that came after, and fail to recognize the dominant, controlling power of one man and his consistency of purpose. The man whose ingenuity and knowledge of the law drew the first act; who, as Trustee thought out a plan for the construction of the road which was finally carried out almost to the letter; whose faith ne^■er wa^■ercd and who cheered in times of despondency; whose indomitable courage withstood attacks from fellow Trustees, from newspapers, from the wealthiest men in the city, whose steadfast con\’iction as to policy sustained him through criticism and objection, whose fertility of resource, capacity to meet obstacles and overcome them, whether interposed by General Assemblies or Chamber of Commerce, never failed him — Mr. Ferguson is the one above all others, who, from first to last, hewed close to the line.” William Sinton Fitzgerald, Attorney at Law at Cleveland, Ohio, and former Reimblican State Central Committeeman from the 21st District, was born at Washington, D. C., on the 6th of October, 1880. The parents, David Fitzgerald and Esther Sinton Fitzgerald, came from England and Scotland respectively. Mr. David Fitzgerald was a civil engineer by profession. He enlisted in the Union Army during the Ci\'il War and was badly wounded. After the war he was appointed by President Grant to the Engineer Bureau of the War Department, and was subsequently appointed Librarian of the War Department, which position he held until his death, on the 31st of October, 1897. Mr. William S. Fitzgerald obtained his education in the public and high schools of Washington, D. C., and at the Columbian University, graduating from the latter institution in 1903 and 1904, receiv- ing the degrees of L. L. B. and L. L. M. He started in public life at the age of twent\'-four years, as a lawyer, in which profession 1050 ri-IE BOOK OF OHIO. he has been very successful. Mr. Fitzgerald has always been a faithful Republican, ever ready to serve his i)arty in every capacity. He was chairman of the Political Action Committee of the League of Republican Clubs of Cuyahoga County in 1906 and 1907, and is now a member of the Re])ublican State Central Committee, representing the 21st ( )hio District in that (jrganization. In 1!)08 he was appointed by the Court of Common Pleas, County Fxaminer. He is a l)rilliant si^eaker and his ser\'ices as a campaign orator ha\'c (dten been sought by his party. During the last campaigns he delivered many Rejnildican speeches throughout the State. He also delivered the McKinley Day oration at Cle\'eland, on the 29th ot January, 1906, and made the introductory remarks on a similar occasion in 190S. He is a member of the ReiHil)lican Tippecanoe Club of Cleve- land and was president of the club for two terms. Socially, Mr. Fitzgerald is a member of the Phi Sigma Kajtpa, a College Fraternity, and of the Masonic Order and Sons of X'eterans. He is still single. His offices are located in the Williamson Building, Cleve- land, Ohio. Mr. Fitzgerald is interested in The Ro.se & Gellatly Coal Company, of which he is a director; he is director of the Western Reserve Club Company and is a member (d the Committee of Management (jf the Cleveland Young Alen’s Christian Association. Alfred Ashwell Frazier, judge of the C'ommon Pleas Court of the first subdivision of the Eighth Ohio Judicial District, and one of the leading members of the bar of Muskingum County, is a native Buckeye. He was born on the farm near Shenan, Muskingum County, on the 19th of October, 1854, the son of Stockton and Elizabeth Ann Frazier, nee McCann. His parents were of Scotch and Irish ancestry and born in Ohio. On his father’s side. Judge Frazier’s ancestors came to the United States six generations ago. Some of them took an active ])art in the War of the Revolution, serving in the Continental army. On his mother’s side his ancestors reside in this country for four generations. His grandfather came to Ohio from Virginia in 1820 and settled in Belmont ('ounty, where father was born. When five years of age, father came with his parents to Muskingum County, where he li\ed all his life. He died in 1!U)9. Judge Frazier’s education was obtained in the country schools, at Dresden High School, after which he attended Dennison Uni\ersity for three years. Lea\ing that University became to Wooster, where he graduated in 1S79, recei\ing the degree of M. of A. He now took up the study of law at the Cincinnati Law School. In 1881 he graduated wtih the degree of B. of E.; was admitted to the bar and immediately took up the practice of his chosen profession at Zanesville. Judge Frazier has been an acti\’e working Republican all his mature life. For hve years he was chairman of the Muskingum ('ount>- Republican Executix’e Committee, and he often spoke from the stump before he was elected Common Pleas Judge. From 1888 until 1889 he was a member of the State Board of Examiners for admission to the bar. In 1898 he was elected to the Common Pleas Beiu'h and re-elected in 1903 and in 1!)08. He never had an opponent f(jr the honor while being nominated or elected. SocialK', Judge h'razier is a member of the K. of P. and of the Modern Woodmen. In 1881 he was married to Miss Emma Clark of \'an W’ert, Ohif). Two children, one son who is now a lawyer, and one daughter, have been the fruit of their marriage. Judge I'razier’s family attend the Presbyterian Church. He resides at McIntyre Terrace, Zanesville, Ohio. Lewis Baker Frazier, Attorney at law at Caldwell, Ohio, was born on the 4th of March, 1869, at Caldwell, and is the son of W. H. and Minerva Frazier, nati\es of Trumbull and Belmont Counties, Ohio, respectively. His father was a prominent lawyer, and, for thirty years held offices of ('ommon Pleas and Circuit Judge. Mr. Frazier comes from a distinguished line of ancestry. The founder of the family in America, Hugh brazier, came Irom Scotland in 1745, had fought at Culloden and set- tled in Kent County, Maryland. His son, George Frazier, was a C’a])tain of Maryland troo])s in the Revolutionary War, while Mr. Frazier’s greatgrandfather was a C'aptain of a Delaware Company in the War of 1812. The maternal ancestors of Mr. Frazier came from Holland to New York, in 1661. Mr. F. B. Frazier recei\’ed his education at ( aldwell High School, at the Ohio W’esleyan University, Delaware, at Wooster Univer- sit\’ and at the law school ol the ( )hio State bhii\'ersity, C olumbus. He started iii public life at the age of 25 years, when he was elected Mayor of (Caldwell. He also served his nati\-e town as a C'ouncilman. In politics he is a staunch Republican. On the 5th of March, ]8!)o, he was admitted to the bar, since which time he has been engaged in the practice of his chosen [wofession. He now is a member of the firm of Okey & Frazier, Caldwell, O. Mr. Frazier has dealt largely in coal lands and has been one of the most prominent promoters of the coal business of Noble C'ounty. He owns 600 acres of land stocked with registered Heresford cattle. Formerly he was a director and vice-presi- dent of The Noble County National Bank. He is a member oi the Sigma C'hi College braternity. He is attorney for large coal companies operating in Noble Countv. On the 7th ol May, 1896 he was married to Miss Jessie I. Young. One daughter, Minerva (, . brazier, has blessed their union. The family attends the Protestant Church. Mr. Frazier resides at the old family homestead on A4ain Street, while his law offices are lo- cated in the Noble C'ounty National Bank Building, Caldwell, Ohio. Lewis b frazier, caldwixl. o. William M. Fridman, A prominent lawyer of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born in C'lermontville, Clermont County, Ohio, on the 26th of February, 1863 and is a son of Franklin and Milly (Bushman) bridman, the iormer of Stolhoven, near Strassburg, Germany, the latter of Ohio, of German THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1051 descent. Mr. W. M. Fridman was born on a farm and worked on it, and, during the time he was attending the public schools and the Clermont Academy he was also a clerk in his father’s general store in Clermontville. He was so industrious and earnest that, notwithstanding the fact he worked during much of the time other boys were studying, he maintained a standing in his studies as high as those more fortunate in time. After leaving Clermont Academy he attended Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Ohio, graduating from that institution in 1884. Mr. Fridman then studied law under the preceptorship of Frank Davis, and graduated from the Cincinnati Law School in 1887, being admitted to the bar that year and beginning to practice at New Richmond, Ohio, succeeding his former preceptor who had been elected Common Pleas Judge. Coming to Cincinnati, in 1891, he opened an office for the practice of his chosen profession and was later associated with Edward J. Dempsey, until May, 1898, when the latter was elected Judge of the Superior Court. He was then associated with Edward Barton, until Mr. Barton became General attorney for the B. & O. R. R. Co. After Judge Demp- sey retired from the Superior Court Bench, Mr. Fridman again formed a partnership with him under the firm name of Dempsey and Fridman, which partnership continued until Judge Dempsey became Mayor of Cincinnati. On the 14th of March, 1894, Mr. Fridman was admitted to practice in the United States Courts and his practice has been large in probate, commercial, private and municipal corporation work. He has also had large experience in business affairs. He has been for many years and now is a stock- holder and director in the First National Bank o New Richmond; The Fridman Lumber WILLIAM M. FRIDMAN, CINCINNATI, o. Company and the Fridman Seating Company, New Richmond, and his connection with the management and direction of the affairs of those companies have played no little part in their success. Mr. Fridman served a term as member of the Board of Sinking Fund Trustees and Tax Commissioners in Norwood and his long and varied experience has enabled him to practically study and understand the relation of the masses to corporate interest and laws and ordinance gov- erning municipalities. He is a Trustee of the Norwood Presbyterian Church, a member of the Masonic Fraternity and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. On the 12th of June, 1901, he was married to Miss Katherine Tombach, of Seymour,' Ind. He resides at 2256 Jefferson Avenue, Norwood, while his law offices are located in the St. Paul Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. John Galvin, Former Vice-Mayor of Cincinnati and President of the City Council, is undoubtedly, one of the most prominent men of the Oueen City. He was born in Cincinnati, in 1862, but, while he was still an infant his father moved to Covington, where his son John was reared and educated. Mr. Galvin is of Irish parentage, his father being a native of Ireland and his mother's parents also came from the Emerald Isle. The parents, on the 13th of January, 1907, celebrated their golden wedding anniversary. Ten days later the father died, but Mrs. Galvin is still living in Covington. It was the boast of the elder Galvin that “no doctor ever felt my pulse’’ and he died past eighty years of age. He was a blacksmith and horseshoer by trade. “When 1 was a boy,’’ said Vice-Mayor Galvin, “I used to, during the summer time, keep the flies off the horses while father was shoeing them. Then I would do some work on the books and help in the collections.” Mr. Galvin received a thorough education in the public schools of Covington, Ky., and, after being graduated from high school, went to the Cincinnati Law School, from which institution he was graduated with the class of 1883. Imme- diately after, being admitted to the bar, he took up the practice of his profession, in which he has remained ever since with marked success. It was his ability to make a speech that recommended Mr. Gab in to C. B. Simrall, whose office he entered after leaving the law school. Mr. Simrall was accounted one of the leading corporation lawyers of his day. Mr. Gabin is himself now the representative of a number of corporations, includ- ing railroad companies. Mr. Galvin has always been a faithful Republican and has ser\-ed his party and the people in general in many capacities. A’hen a young lawyer he was an assistant to Mr. Theodore Horstman, Solicitor of Cincinnati. Later he was a hon. john g.alvin. cincinnai i. o. candidate before the people for Superior Court Judge, but was defeated by Mr. E. J. Dempsey. In 1907 he was nominated for the office of \ice-Mayor and President of the Cincinnati City Council, and in November of that year he was triumphantly elected. As an official, Mr. Gabin has always had the interests of the people at heart and as presiding officer of the city council he is fair, impartial, dignified and intelligent. He is pre-eminently fitted for the responsible position he holds, for his experiences as a lawyer, as a man long in touch with public affairs, his large personal acquaintance, his practical sense and his good sound judgment greatly enables him to discharge the duties of his office to the entire satisfaction of the people of Cincinnati. During the long sickness of Mayor Markbreit, Mr. Galvin attended to the duties of Mayor, while after Mayor Markbreit's death he took charge of the office until his successor, the present hlayor IMr. Louis Schwab was qualified. In Novem- ber, 1909, VIr. Galvin was re-elected to his office of \'ice-I\Iayor and President of the Council. Mr. Galvin is a lawver of high stand- ing, and a brilliant orator whose reputation Is not confined to the city and state, but throughout the country his eloquence has firmly established his fame. He is married and has one child, a daughter. His law offices are located in the First National Bank Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. Harvey C. Garber, Of Columbus, Ohio, one of the best known Democrats of the Buckeye State, was born on the 16th of July, 1865, at Hill Grove, Darke County, Ohio. He was educated in the public schools of Greenville and entered public life In the ser\4ce of the Pennsylvania Railroad as a telegraph operator and later he became manager of the office of the Western Union Telegraph Company at Greein'ille. He subsequently was superintendent of the Central Ihiion Telephone Company, for Ohio, and Assistant General Solicitor for the same comi)any and is now assistant to the President of The Central Union Telephone Company. In politics. Mr. Garber has always been a faithful Democrat and he has served his party in many capacities. He now is considered to be a party 1052 THE BOOK OF OHIO. leader of nalional prominence. In 1889, he was elected a member of the Ohio Legis- lature, and re-elected to the same office in 1891, he being the youngest member of that body. In 1902 and again in 1904, Mr. Garber was elected to the 58th and 59th National C'ongresses. In 1900 he was Vice Chairman of the Democratic Central Committee, and chairman of the committee on permanent organization, in 1901. The year following he was elected clfairman of the Democratic State Central Committee, serving in the ca])acity for several terms. Me was elected National Committeeman for Ohio for the Democratic j)arty at the Denver Con\-ention in 1908. He is a man of sound judgment and has a great talent for organization. I1/\KV1Y C. Cr\RI5l-,R. COLUMBUS, O. Jeptha Garrard, A member of the Cincinnati I)ar, was born on the 21st of April, 1836, at Cincinnati, the son of Jeptha I). Garrard, a lawyer, and Sarah Belle Ludlow Garrard. The father was a native of Kentucky, while the mother was born in Ohio, when the State was in its infancy. Mr. Garrard was educated at Yale, from which University he graduated in 1858, receiving the degrees of A. M. and L. L. B. At the age of 23 years, Mr. Garrard entered upon the practice of his profession. On the 18th of September, 1861, Mr. Gar- rard joined the Union Army as Captain of the 6th Ohio Cavalry. This company was afterward Company L, of the 3rd N. Y. Cavalry. He was promoted to the rank of Major, of the 3rd N. Y. Cavalry, on the 27th of September, 1862, and on the 7th of December, 1863, he was promoted Colonel of the 1st U. S. Colored Cavalry Regiment, k'or gallant and meritorious service on the field of battle. Colonel Garrard wasbrevetted Brigadier General, on the 13th of March, 1865. He was honorably discharged on the 25lh (4' A])ril, 18()5. General Garrard is a member of Tlumias Post, G. A. R., of '' the Loyal Legion, Union XA'teran Legion and of the Masonic order. Politically, he is a Democrat. Mr. Garrard’s offices are located in the Johnston Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. /' John Henry Goeke, / Member of Congress Irom the 4th ( )hio District and a ])rominent lawyer of VVaimko- neta, Ohio, was born on the 28h of October, 1869, at Minster, Ohio, and is the son of Mathias and Dina Goeke, both ha\dng been lifelong residents of Gh village of Minster. Congressman Goeke's ancestors came Irom Germany and were among the I'arlv pioneers of Ohio. Mr. Goeke obtained his education in the schools of his native town and of Celina, Ohio, finally attending Pio Nono College, near Milwaukee, Wis., from which he graduated in 1888. Returning home, he was apj:iointed Probate Clerk under Probate Judge Benjamin Linzee. While acting in this capacity he l)egan the study of law, ;uid having ])ursued the same for one year he entered the law school at Cin- cinnati, and graditated with high a\eragc in 1891. After his admission to the Bar of ( )hio he formed a ])artnershi]') with \\k T. Mooney, at St. Mary’s, Ohio. This jrartner- sliij) conlimted until dissoU'cd by the electiem of Mr. Alooney to the Judicial Bench in 1892. In 1893, Mr. Goeke entered into partnership with Anthony Culliton, of the same l)kice, and the firm continued to practice law- until 1896, when Charles L. Smith was ttdvcn into the firm, and for three years the firm of Goeke, Culliton and Smith was fore- most in the litigation that came to the courts from the entire wmstern part of Auglaize County, portion of Mercer County, and even a part of the State of Indiana. In 1893, Mr. ( ioeke was elected Citj^ Solicitor at St. Marys, and upon expiration of term was re-elected. In 1894 and 1897 he was successfully elected to the imi)ortant office of Prosecutor. Upon the expiration of his second term of office he again became engaged in the general practice of law. Mr. Goeke has always been a staunch Democrat and he has served his party in many capacities. He is a brilliant, coinincing speaker and a true organizer. Dn November, 1910, he was elected to Congress from the 4th Ohio District. As a lawyer, Mr. Goeke ranks among the foremost members of the Ohio legal profession. JOHN H. GOEKE. WAPAKONETA, O. I-LORIEN GIAUQUIg CINCINNAI I. O. Florien Giauque, .Xttorney at kuv and author, at Cincinnati, is the son of Augustus and Sophia Giauque who were born of good families in the Canton cjf Berne, in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. They came, wdien young, as meml)ers of their respective parents’ families, to Ohio, al)out 1830, married later, and bought and settled on a farm near Berlin, Holmes County, Ohio, w'here Florien was born May 11, 1843. In 1849 his father sold his farm, moved to Wayne County, Ohio, and not long alterward died. He left to his wddow little more than enough money wherewith to buy a modest cottage home on enough ground for a garden, truck patch, chickens, etc., at Fredericksburg in that county, where most all of Florien’s boyhood was spent. Beginning at that time, a good deal of hard w'ork of different kinds fell to his lot, including the spading, planting and caring for that gar- den and the potatoes, etc. on that truck patch, cutting, in the woods and at home, the family firewood, helping farmers plant and gather their crops of corn, wheat, etc., and such other things as a boy there could find to do to help support the family. He had rugged health, a strong l)ody and determined will, and though fond of play w-as willing to work, as he realized its necessity, and later, that what he learned while doing this was useful knowledge. But very early in his childhood he determined to acquire a good education and to graduate at some good college. From this determination he never wavered. He read much and went to public school and to some pay schools and to a good academy there, every day he could, paying his tuition in the pay schools by work done for the teacher or otherwise, Init paying for it, never accepting it as a charity. His parents, for their children’s sake, talked French in the family, so they learned that lan- guage in early childhood; his mother later taught him to read and write it, and its gram- rilE BOOK OF OHIO. 1053 mar, as a desirable part of a liberal education. After a few years widowhood, she married Ulysses Jaenneret, who was a buyer, seller and repairer of watches, clocks, music boxes, etc., and provided for his step-children as well as was customary at that time and place by any one, food, shelter, clothing, etc., but had no patience with their strong desire for education, and gave to Florien, much of the time, plenty of hard work to do, and wanted him to learn and agree to follow a trade — his own, preferably, if Florien would agree to stay with him after arriving at age. Florien always respectfully told him he would do whatever he (his step-father) required of him, he could, not in itself wrong, till he became twenty-one years of age, after which he would carry out his determination to graduate. But in October, 1861, his mother died. Both step-father and Florien tacitly considered that this severed the tie that bound them together in any way. Dr. Martin, a good doctor and a good man, then offered, at his expense, to take Florien into his home and give him a medical education and then take him as his associate. Profoundly grateful for this, and almost tearfully saying so to the doctor, he told him of his long-cherished plan of graduating, etc., and declined the offer. The doctor asked him “How are you going to do it?” “I don’t know, doctor, but I am going to do it,” was the reply. He went to Vermillion Institute, a good academy at Hayesville, Ash- land County, Ohio. His entire fortune consisted of a few books, clothes and twenty dollars he had coaxed his mother and step- father to let him earn for himself, making railroad ties. He went there five continuous months, earned and learned what he could, and had borrowed thirty dollars, but owed no other money. The next spring and summer, Florien, for proper pay, and without help, using wedges (no jacks were available to him) raised a house, blocked it up on suitable timbers, dug a cellar under it, “tended” the mason who built its cellar wall, dug a cistern, helped wall it, painted that house, cut cordwood, helped a farmer harvest his crops and secured a good country school near Wooster, Ohio, to teach the following winter ; and with his debts paid and a little money on hand, fully belie\-ed that the day had passed when he would ha\’e to do any more physical labor, and that he could see his way through college within a reasonable time. Did he think any of his acquaintances thought less of him because he was determined to rise above a plane below the one in which most of his people had li\-ed, and of necessity had to do hard physical common labor at low wages compared with present ones, till he could get where he could earn more, and more easily, by teaching or other intel- lectual work, than by physical labor? No! And he thought that if other persons did so think of him, they would simply be beneath his contempt. But the Civil War was going on and the President was calling for volunteers to fight the nation’s battles and to sa\'e its life; and with great regret, he thought it was his duty to enlist, which he did “for three years, or during the war,” in the 102nd (Ohio Volunteer Infantry, serving successfully under Generals Buell, Rosecrans, Thomas and Sherman till the end of that war. Having received an honorable discharge, he arri\'ed home in July, 1865, with no act behind him of which he was ashamed, with two >'ears preparatory work to do before he could enter college, and a four years course there before he could graduate, six years in all. He was back at Vermillion Institute within ten days after his arrival home, his name enrolled there as “Professor of the French Language aud Literature,” and as a student (he taught other classes also). From there he went, after a stay of thirteen months, in October, 1866, to Kenyon College, at Gambler, Ohio, where he graduated with honors in 1869, having won his way into the Phi Beta Kappa Societ\' by his high standing in his class (the only way to get into it except in later life by distinguished literary or scientific work,) and having completed a four years’ course in less than three years, teaching Latin and other classes daily in the preparatory schools of Gambler, and also private schools there and elsewhere in the meantime. One of those classes of pri\-ate impils was composed of \-oung ladies, daughters of the leading citizens of Mt. Vernon, five miles awa^q to which place and back he walked twice a week to teach them, one entire winter. He was not particularly anxious to do so much walking over the rough, unimproved clay road between Gambler and Mt. Vernon, especially when it had to be through rain, snow, mud or cold, but he was determined to graduate, out of his debt, if possible, and willing to do any honorable thing to accomplish this. He had ninety dollars in his pocket when he graduated and was not a cent in debt. Of course he had to work hard and long hours per day, to do this six years work in four years, beside all this teaching, itself probably averaging four hours per day all through said course. That institution, of which he is one of the trus- tees, has since conferred on him the degrees of A. M. and L. L. D., the latter chiefly because of his authorship of certain law books. From college, still obliged to make his li^ing while studying law, and ha\ ing secured a State certificate (good for life in any public school in Ohio, the best one ever issued in that State, showing examination passed with high grades in 27 branches), he went to Glendale, a suburb of Cincinnati, as principal of its public schools, until 1875, during which time he studied law under the late Justice Stanley Matthews, as his preceptor, then a resident of that ^•illage. He was se\'en times unanimously elected as principal, refusing the seventh time. In that year he opened a law office in Cincinnati, and has e\-er since practiced there, most of the time in partnership with Henry B. McClure, college graduate, thorough gentleman and good lawyer. Mr. Giauque’s residence is still in Glendale. He has been a hard working and successful lawyer and is a respected citizen. He has never been a politican, though he has not refused to do his share of managing such of the affairs of his own localit}' as his neighbors would not permit him to decline. He has been the Solicitor and the Mayor of that village, and was, at one time. President of its School Board, President of its Water Works Trustees, a member of its Board of Health, till he refused to serve longer, having done his share. Except when candidate for Solicitor, he never asked for anybody’s vote in his life, for anything. He has been a prolific writer and editor of legal works, among them being Giauque’s “Revised Statutes of Ohio,” “Settlement of Descendants Estates,” “Manual for Assignees,” “Manual for Guardians,” “Manual for Notaries,” “Road and Bridge Laws of Ohio,” and, with his partner, “Life Tables” (for computing present value of dower, courtesy, life annuities, amount of damages from wrongful death or injuries, etc.). For more than twenty years he prepared and kept revised The Robert Clarke Company’s extensive series of legal blanks — a responsible task. He has also contributed articles to periodicals, and has occasionally delivered lectures, on request, on various scientific subjects. Among other things, he has given considerable attention, as a diversion, to American Archeology', and has gathered a fine collection of stone and copper prehistoric implements, pottery, etc., which have been exhibited and won medals at various expositions, including the World’s Fair at Philadelphia in 1876. At this Fair, Dr. Hill and he were sent by the State of Ohio in charge of all archeological exhibits from that State. Lhifortunately, much of this collection was largely destroyed by fire, along with other prized things, including a manuscript of three law books nearly ready for the press, since then re-written. In connection with an unusual per cent of his cases he had been sent to various distant places, including several in the New England States, in Colorado, Texas, Louisiana and others nearer. Among the results of these trips he has seen the opportunity for some of the investments mentioned below. Like many other attorneys, Mr. Giauque has dabbled some in real estate, and has bought and sold considerable tracts of land, especially in Louisiana, where he sold at one time, soon after the building of the Kansas City Southern Railroad, to some of its promoters, 32,700 acres. He has since then owned much more than that, having partners in some of it, not of record. He owns considerable farm business and residence property in and near Deshler, Ohio. Mr. Giauque was married on the 18th of November, 1884, to Mary, daughter of \\'illiam H. Miller, a lawyer of Hamilton, Ohio, who was killed in action while an officer of the LInion Army, during the Ci\ il War. She is also a granddaughter, on her mother’s side, of John Woods, deceased, long a leading lawyer of that city, and active as a member of Congress, Auditor of the State of Ohio and promoter of the canals, early railroads, improved roads and drainage laws, etc., of Ohio. 1054 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Oscar Monroe (Jottschall, A prominent nunnher of the Bar of Alonlgoinery ('ounty and widely connected with the business interests of his home city, Dayton, Ohio, was born on the 14th of Aiigtist, IS43, near Newark, Licking ('ounty, Ohio. His father, John Gottschall, was a native of the State of Benns\4\'ania, while his mother, Abigail J. Gottschall, nee Conklin, was Itorn in New York State. Mr. Gottschall was educiitc'd in the i)tiblic and high schools of Dayton, Ohio, graduating from the Central High School, in June 18(51. After the Civil War broke out, Mr. Gottschall joined the h3rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Inlantry. He enlisted as a private in Comi)any K, of that regiment on the (ith of .\ugtist, 1S()2, and was mtistered out in Jtme, ISho, as First Lieittenant and Adjutant of the Regiment. He look ])art in .ill the battles tin* regiment was engaged in and was wotmded twice. Returning from the war, he took up the stttdy of law, was .idmitted to the bar and became engaged in the practice of his chosen profession, in which he was very successful. Out- side of his leg.il |)rofession, Mr. Gottschall is widely interested in the btisiness affairs ot Dayton. He is a director of the Davds Sewing M.ichine Com|).iny and a director ot I'he C. W'. Raymond C'ompany, both of Dayton, Ohio. Mr. Gottschall has always been a sttumch Re|)ublican Init has ne\er held any public office. Socially, he is a 32nd degree Mason. He was married on the loth of April, ISI)'), to Mi>s ( )cta\ ia 'I'rue Sotile, daughter of (^'has. Sotile and Klizabeth Mead Soule. Mrs. Gottschall passed away I'm the 19th of Jtih', 190S. The\' had no children. Mr. Gottschall is a member of the First Regtilar Baptist Chttrch of Dayton, Ohio. His law ollices are located in the Beckel Btiilding, Third and Jefferson Streets, Dayton, Ohio. Herman P. Goebel, W .is born on the .ath of .April, lS,a3, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He is of German descent, his father, Christi.in GiH-bel, a cabinet maker, haxing migrated to this country from Darm- stadt, ( ■erman\-, in IS IS. His mother was a nati\'e of Bohnteld, Stiabia, Germany. Judge ( '.oebel recei\ed his c’ducation in the jjublic schools of his native city, attended .ilso a coinmerci.il college, and took tip the sttidy of law at the Cincinnati Law School, from which instittifion he grtiduated in 1872, at the age of nineteen years. When of legal .ige, he w;is admitted to the bar and stibseiitieiUly became identified with the law firm of A’oimg, Crawford and Goeliel, and later with that of Goebel & Bettinger, which firm w.is dissoKi'd in 1!)03, since which time Judge Goebel has jiracticed his profession alone with offices locati'd in the Building of the Proxident Savings Bank and Trtist Conpiany, 7th and \'ine Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio. In political belief. Judge Goebel is a statmeh Reptiblican, .ind has occujiied many positions of trust in the gift of the jieople. In 1873, he was a member of the ()2nd Assembly ot Ohio. He was also a member of the Judiciary Committee of that bodx'. In 18S4, he was elected Probate Jtidge and re-elected in 1887, declining a third nomination. After the e.xpiration of his second term of office, he again took ti]i the practice of law. In 1902 Judge Goebel was elected to Congress by the Reixub- lic.ins of the Sei'ond Congressional District and re-elected in 1!)04, 190(5 and 1908. Con- gressman Goebel is .i member of the Masonic Fraternity, a Scottish Rite Mason, Knight 'rcmplar and a Noble ot the Mystic Shrine. He is married, and is the father of fi\’e d.uighters and one son. Marry L. Gordon, K\-Lietitenant Governor of ( )hio, and one of the most prominent members of the Hamilton County Bar, with offices in the building of the Provident Savings Bank and Trust Com- pany, C'incinnati, Ohio, was born in the village of Metamora, Franklin County, Indiana, on the 27th of Augtist, 18(50. He attended the ]jublic schools during the winter months and worked on the farm during the summer until he was eighteen years of age, when he left his cotmtry home for college. He attended the Normal College at Ladoga, Indiana, and I )e Patiw Cnix ersity, at Greencastle, Indiana, from xvhich Unix'ersity he was grad- uated xx’ith honors in 1882, receix'ing the degree of B. Ph. Three years later he receix^ed the honorary degree of A. M. He stitdied law with the firm of McDonald, Butler & Mason, in Indianapolis, Indiana, and xvas the chief clerk in that office from 1882 to 1887. In Jantiary, 1887, he remox'ed to W ichita, Kansas, where he resided for ten years. Wdiile a resident of Kansas he xvas Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, C'ity Solicitor and a member of the Kansas State Senate. Coming to Cincinnati, he engagefl actixwly in the practice of laxv, and in April, 1899, he xvas appointed a member of the Board of Superxdsors of that city, and in the following year was elected President of the Board, xvhich position he held until the 1st of April, 1903. He was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Ohio by Goxernor Nash to fill the x'acancy catised by the resignation of Carl L. Nippert, on the 2(5th of June, 1902, and at the special session of the Legislattire which conx^ened in August, 1902, he presided ox'er the Senate in a manner xvhich won for him the esteem and con- fidence of all xvith xvhom he came in contact. In the spring of 1903 he xvas elected Presi- H/XRRY L. GORDON, ( iNCiNNAi i, o dent of the Cincinnati C'ity Council. In 190,5, he xvas nominated for the office of Mayor of C'incinnati, but xvas defeated at the folloxving election. Mr. Gordon has always lieen an ardent and enthusiastic Repulilican, hax'ing participated in almost ex'ery campaign since he graduated from college. He is a Scot- tish Rite Mason, Knight Templar and a memlier of the M^'stic Shrine. He also belongs to the leading clubs and business organ- izatioiw of C'incinnati. He xvas marrierl on the 20th of April, 1892, to Esther L. Langtree, of Aurora, Imliana. They hax'c one son, Il.irry L. ( lordon, Jr. Francis M. Gorman, Judge of the ( ourt of Common Pleas of Hamilton C'ounty, First Ohio Judicial District, and a prominent member ot the Bar o^ H.imillon County, xvas born on the 4lh of September, 1857, at C'incinnati, a son ol William and Nora Nestor Gorman. His parent^ weri' n.itixcs of Galxvay C'ounty, Ireland, and had emigrated to the United States in 1848. Judge Gorman receixwd his education in the public schools of Hamilton County and at the National Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio, graduating from the latter in THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1055 1878, with the degree of Bachelor of Science. He later attended the Cincinnati Law School, from which institution he graduated in 1884, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws. Upon his admission to the bar he took up the practice of his chosen profession, in which he has become very successful. Judge Gorman has been a staunch Democrat all his mature life. He has hlled the position of Solicitor of the villages of Reading, Lockland, Elmwood Place and St. Bernard, at different times. In the November election of 1908 he was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, for a term of six years. He received the nomination for County Solicitor of Hamilton County, in 1887; Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1903 and Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati in 1907, but each of these times was defeated, with the remainder of the Democratic ticket. Socially, he is a 32nd degree Scottish Rite Mason, a member of the M^^stic Shrine, of the University Club of Cincinnati and of the Cincinnati Literary Club. On the 14th of June, 1887, he was married to Miss Lillian C. Herancourt of Cincinnati. Three children are the fruit of their union. Judge Gorman resides at 14 North Crescent Avenue, Hart- well, Ohio. Harvey D. Goulder, FRANCIS M. GORMAN. HARTWELL Attorney at law, Cleveland, Ohio, one of the foremost admiralty lawyers of the United States, was born on the 7th of March, 1853, in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, and is the son of Christopher and Barbara Freeland Goulder, natives of England and Scot- land, respectively, who came to the United States at an early age. The father was one of the early lake navigators, and throughout his life was connected with maritime ven- tures. Mr. Harvey D. Goulder was educated in the Cleveland public schools, graduating from Central High School and completed the study of law under the tutorship of John E. Cary, a leading admiralty lawyer; was admitted to the bar in 1875, when he entered upon the practice of his chosen profession. He has given special attention to marine and insurance laws, and has been connected with nearly all the important cases which have been tried in the districts bordering upon the great lakes during the last quarter of the century, in the particular line of maritime and insurance law, being considered one of the ablest men in the Country, and an authority often called upon in cases requiring technical knowledge. He is interested in many large financial and business enterprises. He is a public spirited man and for a number of years he was vice-president of the Cleveland Board of Trade and served as Director and President of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He was married to Mary F. Rankin, daughter of Rev. J. E. Rankin, formerly pastor of the First Congregationalist Church of Washington, 1). C., and President of Howard University. In politics he is a faithful Republican. He was a candidate for Mayor in the city of Cleveland in 1903, but suffered defeat with the balance of the ticket. Moses Moorhead Granger, Was born in Zanesville, Ohio on October 22nd, 1831. His father, James Granger, born in Suffield, Connecticut, January 13, 1788, was in business in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1814, when the British fleet bombarded Fort McHenry. As one of the city Artillery Company, commanded by a City Judge, and in the fort, he was wounded by a British shell, while Francis Scott Key, author of “The Star Spangled Banner” was a prisoner on a British ship, then before the fort. In 1817 he emigrated to Zanessdlle, Ohio, and there was successful as owner of flour- ing mills, land and live stock, and died in 1874. In 1829 he married Matilda Vance Moorhead, born at St. Clairsville, Ohio, daughter of a Maryland father and a Virginia mother, and of blood-kin to Chaplines of Maryland and to Pattersons and Pendletons of Virginia.' Oliver Granger, the father of James, ser\ed in Connecticut regiments during the Revolutionary War ; beginning as a Sergeant in 1775 before Boston, and ending as a Captain in 1781. Between 1790 and 1814, he represented Suffield in the Connecticut Legislature for fifteen years. Moses was educated from 1836 to 1846 in Zanes\ille schools — private and later pul)lic; entered Kenyon College, Gambler, Ohio, in 1846; graduated as first honor man in 1850 and was made A. M. in 1853. He studied law at Zanesville, in the office of Judge Charles C. Convers and was sworn as a member of the Ohio Bar on January 4, 1853, at Columbus, by Judge Allen G. Thurman, then Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court. He began law practice at Zanesville, in June, 1853, and continued it, except while in the army or a judge, and is now senior partner with his second son, as Granger and Granger. He was commissioned by President Lincoln, May 14, 1861, a Captain in the 18th United States Infantry, and served in command of Com- pany C., Second Battalion, in General Robert L. McCook’s brigade of General George H. Thomas’ (“The Rock of C'hickamauga”) di\'ision, army of the Ohio, in Kentucky, Tennessee and Northern Mississippi, always with his company. On Sej:)tember 10, 1862, Governor Tod, commissioned him Major in the 122nd Regiment of Ohio Whmteer Infantry, and as Lieutenant Colonel of the same regiment on May 1, 1863, and he was made “Brevet Colonel in United States Volunteers” by President Lincoln, October 19, 1864, for gallantry and good conduct in the present campaign “before Richmond and in the Shenandoah Valley.” With his regiment he served in the second brigade, hirst Division, Eighth Corps; Second Brigade, Third Di\’ision, Third Corps and Second Brigade, Third Division, Sixth Corps, in the Shenandoah Valley, until July 3, 1863; in the army of the Potomac until July 6, 1864; in Sheridan’s Shenandoah Campaign until December 3, 1864, and after that again in the Army of the Potomac, under Grant, from the Rapidan, May 4 to July 6, 1864, at Petersburg, Va.; under Sheridan until December 3, 1864; again^under Grant after December 5, HARVEY D, GOULDER. CLEVELAND, O, K-IOSES MOORl lEAD GRANGFLR, Z.VNESVILLE. O. (From a Civil War Photograph) 1056 THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1804. He resigned for business and family reasons and was honorably discharged December 16, 1864. Resuming his law practice he was elected Cit\- Solicitor of Zanes\ille, Ohio, in April, 18()5, Prosecuting Attorney of Muskingum County in October, 1865, Judge of Court of Common Pleas for the h'irst Subdixision of the Eighth Judicial District of Ohio, in October, 1866, for the term beginning h'ebruary 0, 1867; appointed b>- the Ooxernor, Judge of same subdixasioit, Decemlter 10, 4866, to fill vacancy caused by the'resig- nation of Judge birza IC E\ans. lie declined re-nomination and resigned as judge, October 0, 1871. On November 2, 1872 he was appointed b\- Ohio Supreme Court its reporter. He resigned that office in March, 1874. In April, 1883 he was nominated by Covernor Poster and confirmed by the Ohio Senate, a judge of the Second Supreme C'ourt Commission of Ohio, to serve from .April 17, 1883 to .April 17, 1885. On .April 17, 1883, and again on the same day in 1884 he was chosen Chief Judge of said court by the unanimous \ote of his four associate judges. ( )n April 10, 1865 he was a]i])ointed and cjualified as an “.Administrator de bonis non with fhe will anne.xed of JohffiMcIntire, deceased,” to fill the xacancy in the management of said estate, caused by the death of the Hon. Charles B. Goddard of Zanesville. His two co-administ rators hax ing died, inasmuch as his management of the estate had been very successful, no co-administrator was appointed from June 4, 1880 (when Hon. Charles C. Russell died), until June, 1807, when, at his request, his second son, Sherman Al. ('.ranger was made his co-administrator. John Meintire, one of the humders of Zanesville, died testate, in 1815. Under his will, because his (jnly child (a daughter who died in 1820) and his widow (who died in 1854) left no children or grandchildren, con- \-crted his entire estate into a local educational charity. Between 1835 and 1002, over 8600,000 dollars had l)een e.xpended in educa- tional charities in Zanesxille and in building the John Alclntire .Academy, and building and supporting the John Meintire Children’s Home, \'et the estate had doulded in value and xvas in 1002 worth more than $300,000 d(jllars. He is author of “'Die Battle of Cedar Creek",’’ read before the Ohio Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion and i)ublished at Cincinnati by Roliert Clarke & ('o., iil 'Volume 3, War Papers of that Commandery; also “Grant’s Battle of the Wilderness,” read before said commander}^ on May 6, 1896, and printed in its records; also of “Washington vs. Jefferson — the case tried b>- battle in 1861-1865,’’ published in 1898 by -Houghton Mifflin & Co. ; also of “The Charities of the Estate of John Meintire,” from 1815 to 1902 a history, ])rinted in 1902 by George Lilienthal, printer and binder at Zanesville, (3hio;-also “The Ohio Judiciary, 1803-1903,” read on May 20, 1903, at Chillicothe, Ohio, during the Ohio Centennial Celebration, and published by The Ohio Arch- aeological and Historical Society in their volume for 1903; also of “A Pair .Answer to the Confederate Appeal at Richmond, Va.,’’ printed in .August, 1907, by Houghton & Co., of CanVljridge, Mass. He was married on December 29, 1858, at Eancaster, Ohio, to Mary Hoyt Reese, daughter of General William J. Reese and his wife, Mary Elizal)eth Sherman, the eldest sister of General and Senat I’eople’s Saving Bank Building, North Fourth Street, Zanesville, Ohio. Charles Theodore Greve, .Attorney at'Laxx" at Cinci'nnati, ( )hio. Referee in Bankruptcy, and Secretary of the Sinking Fund Trustees of Cincinnati, xx^as born on the 3rd of January, 1863, at Cincinnati. He is the son of Dr. Theodore E. A. Grex'e and Clara E. Emrie Greve. His father was a natix’e ot Schlesxxdg-I lolstein, Germany, and was educated at the Unix^ersity of Kiel, where his father was an instructor. He came to this country in 1849, and subsequently mox’ed to Cincinnati, in 1855, and for almost forty years conducted the Drug Store at the S. E. Corner of Sixth and John Streets, Cincinnati. Air. Charles T. Greve obtained his early education in the public schools of Cincinnati, and, afterxvards, of Hillsboro, Ohio, graduating at the high school of the latter toxvn in 1878. He entered Harvard College in the fall of 1880, and graduated xvith the degree of A. B. in 1884. He thereupon studied laxv in the office of Bentley Matthews and at the Cincinnati Eaxv School, xxhere he receix'ed the degree of EE. B., in May 1885. In this latter month he xvas admitted to the bar of the State of Ohio and also to practice in the Federal Courts and immediately entered upon the practice of his profession in Cincinnati. He continued his association xvith Air. Matthexx^s, part of the time as his partner, under the firm name of Matthews & Grex'e, until 1889, since xvhich time he has practiced alone. For more than twenty years he has at times been connected with the newspaper press of Cincinnati, serving as literary editor on the Cincinnati Tribune during its entire life, and for several years in sim- ilar capacity on the Cincinnati Times Star. He xvas also Associate Editor of the work entitled “Bench and Bar of Ohio,” and author of the historical portion of the “Centennial History of Cincinnati,” and of lives of William S. Groesbeck and Stanley Matthews. He has been a Democrat all his mature life. In 1892 he was a candidate for Congress on the Democratic ticket in the Second Con- gressional District of Ohio, and, in 1902, xxas on the ticket for the office of Probate Judge of Hamilton County, but both times suffered defeat xvith the balance of the Democratic ticket. Since 1904 he has been one of the instructors of the Cincinnati Law School, teaching common laxv, ecpiity and code pleading, bankruptcy, torts and domestic relations. In 1906 he was appointed to his present j)osition as Secretary of the Board of Sinking Fund Trustees for the City of Cincinnati. He is a director of the Western Electric Company of Ohio. He has been a member of the Literary Club of Cincinnati for txventy-fix-e years, being president in 1898-1899; of the Society of Colonial M’ars (gox'crnor 1906); Society of Founders and Patriots Society of the War of 1812; Ohio A^alley Historical Association (]M-csident 1907 and 1909); Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio (corresponding secretary) ; Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society (life member); Archaeological Institute of America (president of Ohio chapter); American Academy of Political and Social Science; American Economic Association; American Forestry Association; National Geographical Society; New England Society; Gincinnati Bar Association; American Bar Association and other organizations. He is a member of the Harvard Club of C'incinnati (j)resident 1907) and the Lhiix-ersity Club. In Alay 1894 he was appointed Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of Ohio, xvhich position he resigned August 1, 1898 to become Referee in Bankruptcy xvhich position he still ludds. He married, October 23, 1895, Laura Belle Cherry, daughter of Alajor E. V. Cherry, of Cincinnati, and has two children, Theodore, born August 20, 1902, and Cherry, born Nox^ember 5, 1903, at his residence in Vernonville. Charles H. Grosvenor, Of Athens, son of Peter Grosxenor and Ann Chase, xvas born at Pomfret, Wyndham County, Connecticut, on the 20th of Septem- ber, 1833. He is a descendant of John Grosvenor, who emigrated from England, settled in Roxbury, Massachusetts, and founded THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1057 the family line in America. General Grosvenors grandfather, Thomas Grosvenor, was Colonel of the Second Regiment Connec- ticut Volunteers during the Revolution and ser\*ed on the staff of General Washington. His father ser\ed in the War of 1812 as IVIajor of the Tenth Connecticut Regiment. His own brilliant career as a volunteer soldier in suppressing the Rebellion is an evidence to prove that his inheritance of patriotism was not dishonored. When only five years of age, General Grosvenor was brought by his parents to Athens County, Ohio, which was then on the frontier. There was no school house in the neighborhood of their clearing until he had reached the age of fourteen, when the primitive district log house was erected. In the meantime, however, the rudiments of his education had not been neglected. He received from his intelligent and refined mother, a lady of high character and brilliant intellectual faculties, valuable lessons from te.xt book's and lessons in duty. Early in life he was compelled to rel^’ upon his (javu resources and shape his own course. He worked on the farm in season, taught district schools during the short winter terms, for which the re\'enue supported him, and read the foundation books of law during the long evenings and Icizure hours. He was directed in this course of primary reading by the Hon. Lot L. Smith. In 1857, he was admitted to the Bar of Athens, qualified to engage in the practice of that profession. He practiced until the war broke out, when he enlisted as a private, but soon received a major’s commission, and in 18(13, was pro- moted to a lieutenant colonelcy. Before the close of the war he waa_a full colonel and a brigadier general by brevet. He was recommended for promotion by General Stedman, for gallant ser\'ice on the field in the battle of Nash\ ille, and the recommendation was endorsed in most complimentary terms by General George H. Thomas. After the close' of the war. General Grosvenor returned to Athens and again took u.p the practice of his profession. He is a lawyer of high reputation and large clientage. Trained in the old school he has adhered to the custom of taking case in all departments of practice. He has been equallv successful in civil practice and the conduct of criminal cases. Quick , , , . , . , • r - 1 • CH.-\RLES H. GROSVENOR. ATHENS, O. Ill descernment, ready and logical m argument, caretul m the preparation of a case, he is able to impress the court. Skillful in the use of words chosen from a large I'ocabulary at command, gifted in the art of oratory, controlled to a degree by sentiment and sympathy, his power over a jury is great. He stands very high in the esteem of his fellow practitioners. He was Chairman of the Executive Committee of the State Bar Association for .a number of years after its organi- zation. General Grosvenor has always been a faithful Republican and has served his part}' and the people in general in many capa- cities. In 1873, and again in 1875, General Grosvenor was elected to the General Assembly of Ohio from Athens County. During the second term he served as speaker of the House of Representatives, with ability and gen^ra'l approbation. He became an acknow- ledged force in Ohio politics and a leader in the Republican party. He was trustee of the Soldiers’ Orphans Home from 1.88U to 1888, and president of the Board for five years. He was presidential elector in 1872 for his. district, and in 1880 for the State at large. He has been elected for ten terms in Congress. His fame as an orator, familiarity with political ciuestions and ability as a lawyer have given him high rank among the nation’s legislators. His personal popularit}' and power. as a political debater created many a demand for his services during political campaigns. General Cirosvenor wa:s married on the .1st of December,. 1858, to Sam- antha Stewart, of Athens County, who died in 1800, leaving a daughter. On the 21st of May, 1807, he was married to Miss Louise H. Currier, a native of the same county. Two daughters are the fruit of this marriage. Since his retirement from Congress, General Grosvenor has again devoted all his time to his legal practice. He resides in Athens, Ohio. - ■ Edward A. Hafner, A leading member of the Hamilton County Bar and one of the State Senators of Hamilton County, during the sessions of -the 77th Ohio General Assembly, was born on the 9th of April, 1872, at Cincinnati, the son of John A. Hafner and Louisa Muegel Hafner, both natives of Ohio. Senator Haft'ner was educated in the public schools of Ohio and Kansas, at the Kansas State Xormal School, at Emporia, Kan- sas, the Wichita Uni\'ersity, Central College, and at the Idniversity of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, Mich. Upon his admission to the bar. Senator Hatner became engaged in the practice of his chosen profession. He now is considered one of the most prominent members of the younger set of the Cincinnati Bar. Politically, Senator Hafner has always been a faith- ful Democrat. Socially, he is connected with the Masonic Fraternit}-. While in the State Senate, Mr. Hafner was Chairman of the Committee on Finance, and member of the Judiciary, Railroads and Telegraph, Fish and Game and Enrollment Committees. He took an active part in the shaping of legislation and was a powerful factor in the passage of the primary election law and the Paine Bill, creating the Federal plan of Municipal ('lovernment. He always had the interests of the people at heart. His olfices are located in the Mercantile Library Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. Alphonso Hart, One of the most distinguished lawyers of Washington, D. C., a man of national reputation, was born on the 4th of Juh', 1830, at Vienna, Trumbull County, Ohio. His parents being Chauncey Hart and Melisandria Hart, both natives of Connecticut. Both his grand- fathers, Ard Hart on his father’s side, and Bliss Hart, his mother’s father, were soldiers in the Revolutionary War, ser\-ing with dis- tinction in the struggle of the colonies for freedom and independence. Governor Alphonso Hart was educated in the common schot)ls of Brookfield, Ohio and at Grand Ri\-er Institute. After having studied law and being admitted to the bar on the 12th of Atigust, 1851, he entered upon the practice of his chosen profession, in which he has been pre-eminently successtul. Go^■ernor Hart has al- ways been a faithlul Republican, ever ready to serve his party in any capacity when called upon, in the committees as well as on the stump. He started in public life at the age of thirty-one years, when he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Portage Cotmtv, Ohio. He held the oflice one term, was re-elected and at the end of the first year of his second term resigned his office to take his seat in the Ohio Senate, to which he was elected in 1804, to fill the unexpired term of Judge Luther Da}'. He ser\'ed in that capacit}' for one year, but, in 1871, Governor Hart was again elected to the Senate, ser\ing another term in the Upper House of the Ohio Legislature. In 1872, he was chosen a Presidential Elector at Large for the State of Ohio, and \ oted for General Grant in the Elec- toral College. The year following, in 1873, he was elected Lieutenant Governor of Ohio, ser\ ing two }'ears. Devoting himself to his private practice. Governor Hart remained in private life until 1882, when he was elected to the 48th Congress from the Hillsboro- Chillicothe District. Before the expiration of his term of office the legislature changed the Congressional District and made it Dem- ocratic by twenty-seven hundred majority. Governor Hart, nevertheless, became a candidate again, and at the following election was defeated by only three hundred votes. In 1889, he was appointed Solicitor of Internal Revenue and served during the admin- 1058 THE BOOK OF OHIO. istration of Presidenl; Harrison. During his term of office he not only had charge of the general business of the office, but tried all Internal Revenue cases which were brought to the Supreme Court of the United States. He resigned the office in June, 1893. Gov- ernor Hart has been engaged in the practice of his profession for nearly sixty years. He is a distinguished and successful member of the profession. After retiring from the post of Solicitor he 0 ])cned an office in the city of Washington, where he was engaged in many important cases. He was one of the attorneys for the plaintiffs, in what was kncnvn as the Porto Rican and Manilasuits tried in the Supreme Court of the United States, iin'olving difficult constitutional cpiestions, and where the merchants of those islands recovered large sums of money which had been collected by the military authorities during the Spanish War. He was also attorney for the town of Las Vegas, New Mexico, and after long litigation, ending in the Supreme Court of the United States, secured title to the Las Vegas land grant, containing four hundred and ninety six thousand acres. In his profession he was noted for his ability as a trial lawyer and his power as an advocate. In the discussion of ])ul)lic (piestions he was clear, forcible and eloquent. He was a member of the National Geographic Society. On the 22nd of November, 1856, he was married to Miss Phebe Peck, of Warren, Ohio. Mrs. Hart died in 1868, leaving two children, Kdgar Wills Hart and Lilia Virginia Hart, now Mrs. Morris Bien, of Wash- ington, 1). C. Ccjvernor Hart was married again, on the 2t)th of May, 1878, to Mrs. Anna F. Iwans, of Hillsboro. One child, Mary Margareta Hart, now Mrs. Harry D. Moulton, is the fruit of their union. In his religious faith. Governor Hart was a Con- gregationalist. Governor Hart died in 1910, in Washington, 1). C. C. R. Ilartkoff, Judge of the Probate Court of Butler ('ounty and a leading member of the Hamilton, Ohio Bar, was born on the 9th of November 1876, at Cincinnati, the son of C'harlcs and Theresa Ohlinger Hartkoff. The father was a prominent hotel keeper and a native of Germaiu-, while Judge 1 lartkoff’s mother was born in Ohio, of German parentage. When Judge Hartkoff was but three months old, his father died, whereui)on his mother renio\'ed with her family to Hamilton, Ohio. In the public and high schools of this city. Judge Hartkoff received his education. Later on he attended the (dneinnati Law School, from which he graduated in 1898. Being admitted to the bar l)cfore the Sujrrcme C'ourt of Ohio, Mr. Hartkoff immediately took up the practice of his chosen profession in Hamilton, (lutside of his legal i)rofession. Judge Hartkoff is interested in a number of industrial and financial enterprises. He is a director in the Citizens’ Savings Bank and Trust C'ompany, Hamilton, Ohio, and a stockholder in the Carriage W’oodwork Company, the Ad\-ancc' Manufacturing Com])any and the American Castor Companv, all of Hamilton, Ohio. Judge Hartkoff has been a faith- ful Democrat all his mature life and he has rendered his party \-aluable services as a member of the County Executive Committee as well as a delegate to State Coin'cntions. In the spring of 189!), Judge Hartkoff was elected City Solicitor, serving seven years in that capacity. In 1905 he waselccted Probate Judge oi Butler County. Judge Hartkoff was a member of the K. of P. (Past Chancellor); Elks ((diaplain); Eagles and the Columbia Mutual Aid of Hamilton, Ohio. On the 17th of July, 1901, Judge Hartkoff was married to Mi.ss Hcrmine Oetterer, a daughter of the late Aug. Oetterer, of Hamilton, Ohio. They have one daughter. Judge Hartkoff died suddenly in 1910, in Hamilton, Ohio. Joseph Charles Heinlein, Was born on the 22nd of March, 1864, at Bridgci')ort, Belmont County, Ohio, where he has alwax s resided. 1 lis parents, Jacob and I torothea Heinlein, xvere natives of Germany. He rcceix'ed his education in the Bridgeport public schools, at the Ohio State University, at Columbus, and at the Albany Law School of Union University, Albany, New York, from which he graduated on May 26, 1887, receiving the degree of L. L. B. I ])on being admitted to the ()hio Bar he immediately entered into the practice of his chosen protession, which has been xery successful. He is a Republican in politics and xx’as elected Representatix'c trom Belmont C'ounty in the 70th and 71st General Assemblies of ( )hio and Senator irom the 20th and 22nd Senatorial District in the 76th General Asseml )lx'. While a memljer of the ( )hio Legsilature ho serx'ed on many standing committees, one ot xxhich xxas the Taxation Committee in the Senate, of xvhich he xvas chairman. Senator Heinlein xvas the author of xarious bills ot importance, including the Senate Bill No. 109, xvhich |)assed April 21, 1904, for the establishment of a State Sanatorium for the treatment ot persons afflicted xvith inciirient pulmonary tuberculosis, located near Mount Vernon, fi)hio. ( )n July 2nd, 1894, he xvas married to Minnie Rachel Alexander, one of the daughters ot Ross J. and Margaretta A. Alexander, and fixe children haxe Messed their union. His family attends the Kirkwood Presbyterian Church in Bridgeport. The Senator has taken a x'ery progressix-e part in the dex’elopment of Belmont County, and is interested in sex'eral of the important industries of Eastern Ohio. Joseph W. Ileintzman, Attorney at Laxv at Cincinnati, ()hio, is a natix'e of the Queen City. His parents, George and Elizabeth Kelch Heintzman, xverc also born in Cincinnati, and of German descent. Mr. Heintzman xvas educated in the public schools of Cincinnati and at the McDonald Institute, graduating from the latter in 1899, xvith the degree of B. L. After his admission to the bar, he took up the practice of his chosen profession. He noxv is considered as one of the leading younger members of the Hamilton County Bar. He THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1059 has always been a staunch active Republican. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, a 32nd degree Scottish Rite Mason, a Shriner, K. of P. and K. O. T. M. During the Spanish-American War he organized the National Volunteer Reserves for the Southern District of Ohio, and this organization furnished the only independent militia force to the State of Ohio, being known as Company M, of the 10th Ohio Wlunteer In- fantrv. In May, 1901, he was married to Miss Olga Tharra. They have one daughter, Edna. Mr. Heintzman has his legal offices in the Traction Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. Don Carlos Henderson, TIMOTHY S. HCCAN. WELLSTON,; O. Recognized to be one of the leading and most successful members of the Allen County Bar, was born on the 13th of February, 1802, at Tranquillity, Adams County, Ohio, where his father. Dr. James Kyle Henderson, a Pennsyb anian by birth, was a well known practicing physician. His mother, Mrs. Susanna Hine Henderson, was also a nati\'e of Pennsylvania. Mr. Henderson received his education at the public and high schools, and at the Ohio Normal Universiry at xA.da, Ohio, from which institution of learning he graduated in 1889, recei\ing the degree of Bachelor of Science. He then studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1889, and immediately after opened an office at Lima, Ohio, where he has resided and practiced ever since. In politics he is connected with the Republican party, having always taken an active interest in the affairs of his party. For two terms — from 1896 to 1900 — he was City Solicitor of the City of Lima. In 1908, Mr. Henderson was one of the delegates to the Republican National Convention, at Chicago, which nominated Wm. H. Taft for the Presidency. Socially, Mr. Hender- son is a member of the K. of P., I. O. O. L., B. P. O. E. and of the Lima Club. On 14th of May, 1891, he was united in marriage to Miss Minnie W. Kahle, of Franklin, Pa. Two children, Dudley K. Henderson and Marjory T. Henderson have blessed their union. The Henderson family attends Market Street Presbyterian Church, at Lima, Ohio. Mr. Henderson resides at 513 W. Market Street, and his offices are located at 208-210 The Holland Block, that citv. JOSEPH W. HEINTZMAN, CINCINNATI. O. One of the leading lawyers of Western Ohio, and a prominent Republican of Sidney, Shelby County, was born on the 23rd of September, 1864, at Columbus, Ohio, and is of German parentage. His parents died when he was very young, and until he was six years of age he was reared in the Columbus klrphans’ Home. At that time he was taken from the home by Mrs. Theodore Campbell and brought to Shelby County, where he was raised on a farm near Sidney. His education consisted of rvhat he was taught by Mrs. Campbell and the knowledge he gained from books, but he never attended school. Nevertheless, when sixteen years old, he was able to accept and fill a position as county school teacher, working on the farm in his leizure hours. He industriously saved his money and after he had taught school for a period of four years he was able to attend the Michigan Law School, at Ann Arbor, Mich. Upon his graduation and admission to the bar he immediately took up the practice of his chosen profession in Sidney, in which he has continued e^■er since with marked success. For the last eleven years, Mr. Hess has been in partnership with Mr. J. C. Royan, one of the leading members of the Shelby County Bar, with offices in the Woodward Block, Sidney, Ohio. Mr. Hess has has always been a faithful Republican and he has served his party in many capacities, as a delegate to conventions as well as a member of the State Central Committee. He is a 32nd degree Mason, a K. of P. and a D. O. K. K. Outside of his legal profession, Mr. Hess is interested in many industries and financial enterprises of Shelby County. He is a director in The Tucker Woodwork Company, The Sidney Manufacturing Com- pany, The First National Bank, The Peoples’ Savings and Loan Association, Philip Smith Company, The Monarch Machine Company and The Sidney Tool Company. In 1884, Mr. Hess was married to Miss Elizabeth Gray. Seven children, three boys and four girls, were born to them, the eldest of which, Royan Gray Hess, is now practicing law in the office of his father. The family reside at 1121 Walnut Hills, Sidney, Ohio. DON CARLOS HENDERSON. LIMA, O. Andrew J. Hess, Timothy S. Hogan, Attorney-General of Ohio, is a representative member of the Bar of Southern Ohio and a well known Democrat of the State. He was born on the 11th of June, 1864, at Washington Township, Jackson County, Ohio, and is the son of Patrick and IMargaret Courtney Hogan, both natives of the Emerald Isle. Mr. T. S. Hogan was educated in the public schools of Jackson County and received private instructions from Rev. John Larkin, who was a graduate of Maynooth College, Dublin. He also attended the North- ern Ohio University, at Ada, the Ohio State University at Columbus, the Ohio Uni\ er- sity at Athens, and the Ohio Normal Ihriversity, graduating from the latter institutions. Mr. Hogan holds the degrees of A. B. and B. Ph. Returning to Wellston, Mr. Hogan took up the profession of teaching and served as superintendent of the Wellston, Ohio public schools, from 1887 to 1895. In the meantime he had taken up the study of law and in due time was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of Ohio, when he began the practice of his chosen profession. He soon became one of the most successful lawyers in Southern Ohio and has represented many important corporations inh is part of the State. He is interested in a number of financial and industrial enterprises. In politics, Mr. J()6() THE BOOK OF OHIO. Ilo^aii is a life long I)em(HTal. He has lield nunieruus apiwintive positions in connection with the city administration in Wellston, ter, Vermont, li\ed a few years, and was a descendant (d one ot Ethan Allen’s “Green Mcnmtain Boys.’’ He came to Cin- cinn.iti in 1 S IS and eTitered the law ofTice of 'I'hos. J. Strait and S. S. Co.x. He was a prominent member of the Cincinnati Bar. judge Hollister’s mother, Mrs. Laura B. Strait Hollister, was a daughter of Thomas j. Strait and a native of Cincinnati, judge Hollister receiwd his education in tin* public schotds and at Woodward High School, Cincinnati. He subse(|uently s])ent a year at Greylock Instilnie, Smith Williamsiown, Ma.ssachusetts, iireparing himself for Yale, which he entered in 1874. He graduated from that uni\crsil\- in 1878, receix'ing the degree of B. A. Returning to Cincinnati, j ndge Hollister took u]) the study of law in his father’s office and also attended Cincinnati Law School. He graduated in May, 1880, after ha\'ing been admitted to the bar of the Su- priMiK’ Court of ( )hio a short time previous to this. In 1881, judge Hollister was apirointed Assistant Prosecuting Attorney by Hon. Miller ()ute,ilt. .\ >ear later he became a partner in his father’s law hrm, which, in january, 1803, took the hrm name of Hollis- ter K Hollister. In the tall ol 18t)3, Mr. Hollister was nominated on the Republican ticket for the Court of Common Pleas of Hamilton Connt\' and elected. In 1808 he was elected fora second term, having received not only the nomination of his party, but also the endorsement ol the Cincinnati Bar Association, which is non-political in character. At the e.xpiration of his second term of office', judge Hollister retired to private practice. In March, 1010, judge Hollister was ai)pointed by President W. H. Taft, I'niled States judge for the Southern District of Ohio, judge Hollister is a staunch Republican, but opposed to l)oss rule in any form. ( )n the 2nd ot june, 1887, he was married to Miss Alice Keys, a daughter of Samuel Barr Keys and julia Baker Keys, both descendants of two of the pioneer families of the city. Lour children have been born to them. The family reside on Madison Road, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, (). Samuel A. Hoskins, One of the most prominent attorneys of Western Ohio and a resident of the pretty little city of Wapakoneta, Auglaize County, Ohio, is a native of the Buckeye State, born on the 5th of March, 18()3, at Richwood, Union County, the son of j. W. Hoskins and Martha Newhouse Hoskins. His father was a minister of the Christian Church and preached for manv years throughout Central Ohio. Mr. Samuel A. Hoskins received his education in the public schools of his home county, at the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Idelaware, and the Ohio Northern Unixersity, at Ada, from which latter institution he graduated, receix'ing the degree of A. M. He then pursued his studies at the Cincinnati Law School, graduating with the class of 1890 with the degree of B. L. After leaving law school, Mr. Hoskins took u[) the practice of his profession in Wapakoneta, in which he has been ]rre-eminently successful. Mr. Hoskins is a staunch Democrat and has served his party in many capacities. Lor six years he served as Prosecuting Attorney of Auglaize County. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1904 and a candidate for Secretary of State on the Democratic ticket, in 1906. He also served as Presidential elector at large in 1908. In 1900 he was one of the delegates to the General Conference of the M. L. Church at Chicago, 111. Mr. Hoskins is a very Imsy man. His interests are many and of great variety. In his younger days he followed the profession of school teacher, earning the necessary means for his further education. He has a large practice in his chosen profession and is also interested in farming and manufacturing, being a partner in the Standard Churn Company, Wapakoneta, Ohio; Stone Crushing Plants in Auglaize County and Logan County, and a Director of the People’s National Bank, a Director in The Columbus Savings & Trust Company of Columbus, Ohio, also a Director in Thc' Columbus Mutual Life Insurance C'ompany, of Columbus, Ohio. He was appointed by Governor Pattison, a member of the ('ommission to build a hospital for Criminal Insane, at Lima, Ohio, now in course of construction, and is also President of the Board of I'rnstees of ( ). N. N., at Ada. Lraternally, Mr. Hoskins is a member of the Masonic Shrine, a State Officer in the order of K. of P., also an Llk. On the lOth of September, 1890, he was married to Miss (dara Hamilton, daughter of Senator Geo. B. Hamilton, of Richwood, Ohio. Lonr children have been the fruit of this union, George ()., Donald J., Allen H. and Helen M. Hoskins. He and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Wapakoneta, O. SAMU1:L a Hi'iSKINS, WAPAKONL IA, O Benson Walker Hough, A prominent lawyer of Delaware, Ohio, and a member of the law firm of Overturf & Hough, of that city, was born on the 3rd of .March, 1875, in Berkshire Township, Delaware County, Ohio, and is the son of Leonard Samuel and Mary Linn Hough. The father was an e.xtensive farmer and stockman. Mr. Benson Walker Hough was educated in the district schools until he was nine years old and then accompanied his mother to Delaware, where he completed the high school course. He afterwards spent three years in the Ohio Wesleyan University and, in 1899, graduated from the Ohio State Unix'ersity with the degree of B. L. About 1897 he first began to read law with the firm of Ovmrturf & Coyner, and he was admitted to the bar in 1899, when he took up the practice of his chosen profession. Lor three years he practiced alone, then, in 1902, he entered into partnership with Hon. N. h. Overturf, which firm THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1061 has continued to the present time with marked success. Mr. Hough has been prominent in State Military affairs for a number of years and has won his present rank as Lieutenant Colonel through faithful ser\ice. In 1892 he enlisted in Company K, Fourth Regiment, Ohio National Guards, serving five years. The pressure of other duties kept him out of the service for a time, but, in Jan- uary, 1902, he was elected First Lieutenant; in June, 1902, Captain, and in June, 1905, Major of the Third Battalion, Fourt Regi- ment. In July, 1906, he was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel of the Regiment. Col. Hough was married to Edith B. Markel, of Delaware, on the 25th of June, 1902. They have one son, Benson Markel Hough. The family attends the Presbyterian Church. Col. Hough is a member of the Y. M. C. A., the Commercial Club, the Delaware Club, the Elks and of the Phi Gamma Delta, the Theta Nu Epsilon and the Phi Delta Phi College Fraternities. In politics, he is a faithful Republican. From 1902 until 1906 he served as City Solicitor of Delaware. Edward N. Huggins, .Attorney at Law, Columbus, Ohio, was born at Mt. Oreb, Ohio, on the 6th of Novem- ber, 1860. He received his education in the common schools of that section and at Hillsboro, Ohio. In June 1884 he graduated from the Cincinnati Law School, and began the practice of law in Columbus, Ohio, soon thereafter. He has continued in the active practice of his chosen profession in that city ever since. Mr. Huggins, while an active Republican, has never held office. Fie was an elector at large in 1908, leading his ticket by several thousand votes. Ivor Hughes, (4ne of the most prominent members of the Bar of Franklin County, Ohio, was born on the 13th of September, 1846, at Newport, Wales, Great Britain, the son of Thomas and Anne Jones Hughes, both natives of Wales. The father, a relative of Mr. Thomas Hughes, of literary fame, emigrated with his family to the United States, when Mr. Ivor Hughes was quite young. The latter received his education in the public schools, at the Iowa State University and at Ann Arbor, Mich. In May, 1872, he was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of Ohio, since when he has been engaged in the practice of his chosen profession, at Columbus, Ohio. Before taking up the study of law, Mr. Hughes, at the age of sixteen years, began teaching school in Iowa, at a salary of $20.00 per month. From 1885 to 1900, Mr. Hughes served three terms as Master Commissioner of the Franklin County Courts of Common Pleas. He is independent in politics. Socially, Mr. Hughes is a member of the Masonic Fraternity and of the I. O. O. F., ha^■ing held all the important official positions in Odd Fellowship. He is a stockholder in The Ohio National Bank, Columbus. He is married and resides at 209 Hamilton Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, since 1875. His law offices are located at 145 North High Street, in the Brunson Block. He is associated in the practice with Mr. Chas. C. Pavey, under the firm name of Hughes N Pavey. EDW.A.RD N. HUGGINS. COLUMBUS. O. Henry Thomas Hunt, Mayor of Cincinnati, Hamilton County, and one of the leading members of the Cin- cinnati Bar, was born on the 29th of April, 1878, the son of Samuel Hunt and Airs. Martha Trotter-Hunt, natives of Ohio and Kentucky, respecti\'ely. His father was one of the foremost citizens of the Queen City and identified with many of the important interests of Cincinnati and the State of Ohio. He was President of the Cincinnati, Portsmouth and X’irginia Railroad: Receiver of the Toledo, St. Louis N Kansas City Ry.; President of the Detroit, Toledo & 1 ronton Ry., and was connected with many other interests of great magnitude. On his father’s side, Mr. Hunt’s ancestors belonged to the early French pioneers, who settled in New Jersey during the seventeenth century, while six of his ancestors on his mother’s side took part in the struggle for American Independence. Mr. Henrv Thomas Hunt received a IVOR HUGHES, COLUMBUS. thorough education at the Cincinnati public schools, at Franklin School, Cin- cinnati; Vale College and Cincinnati Law School, from which institution he grad- uated in 1903, recei\4ng the degree of Bachelor of Law. He also holds the degree of Bachelor of Arts from Yale, ha\‘ing graduated from that College in 1900. After leaving the Cincinnati Law School and having been admitted to the bar, Mr. Hunt im- mediately took up the practice of his profession in which he has met with gratifying success. In 1905, Mr. Hunt was elected a member of the State Legislature. During the sessions of that law making body. Air. Hunt endeavored to further legislation towards separating municipal affairs from National Party politics; prohibiting contributions to political parties by corporations and other matters of great importance. He always was lined up on the side of the people against bossism and the enactment of sumptuary laws. In the November election of 1908, Air. Hunt was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Hamil- ton County, and, in November, 1911, to his present office, as Alayor of Cincinnati. In politics he is a free trade Democrat and Anti- Imperialist. Socially, he belongs to the Sons of the Revolution. On the 15th of October, 1906, he was married to Aliss Thom- osa Haydock. One daughter has been the issue of their union. His residence is located at 3788 Clifton Avenue, Clifton, Cincinnati, Ohio. HENRY T. HUNT, MAYOR OF CINCI.NN.ATI. 1062 THE BOOK OF OHIO. . vx a lARLliS JUOSON HUNT. CINCINNAI I, O. Charles Judson Hunt, Charles Judson Hunt, Judge of the Common Pleas Court of Hamilton County, Ohio, was horn on November 18th, 1858. His father was Dr. James G. Hunt. Judge Hunt received his educatiem in the public schools of his native city and at Woodward High School, after which he attended the Cincinnati Law School, and read law in the office of Matthews, Ramsey N Matthews, of which Judge Stanley Matthews was the senior member. He graduated from the (dneinnati Law School in 1879. After his graduation he went to Central America in the interest of creditors of a mining company. Upon his return to Cincinnati he i)racticed his chosen profession alone until 1884, when he became associated with W. L. Granger. This partnership continued until 1894, when Judge Miller Outcalt left the bench and entered the firm. The name of the firm was then changed to Outcalt, Granger & Hunt. In 1897 Judge Hunt withdrew from the firm and lu'acticcd alone, building up a large clientage. He has always been an active Republican but never accepted any office until 1900, when he was elected corporation counsel for Cincinnati. At the end of his first term, during which the government of all municipal- ities in Ohio was rccjrganized by reason of the decision of the Supreme Court invali- dating special legislation, he was re-elected on the same proposition in 1903. Three years later he was elected to the Common Pleas bench. Judge Hunt is a member of all the different Masf)iiic orders, and of the Cincinnati and Walnut Hills Business Men’s Clubs, also of the Young Men’s Blaine Club and the Stamina Repul)lican League. As legal counsed, and subsecpiently as Director of The Ohio Mechanics’ Institute, he has been and is actively interested in the cause of technical education. Ellsworth C. Irvine, ( )f Columbus, ()hio, one of the leading members of the Bar of Franklin County, and a member of the well known law firm of Arnold, Morton N Irvine, of that city, was born in Knox Counl>', ( )hio, on the 11th oi December, 1891. His father, William Irvine was a nali\ e ot iredand, while his mother, Emeline Braddock Ir\ ine, was born in Knox County. 4 he father emigrated to America in 1839, establishing his home on a farm near Mount X'ernon, where for many years he was engaged in agricultural pursuits. The work of the li(dds became familiar to hdlsworth C. Ir\ ine, lor he worked on the farm during vacation ])eri()ds and alter school hours. He attended the country schools, taught school for two \ears and then entered Northern Ohio Uni\’ersity, graduating in 1884, with the degree of Master of Arts. In jrreiiaration tor a legal career he entered the office of Converse, Booth N: Keating in ('olumbus, under whose direction he studied Blackstone imlil admitted to the bar in June, 1889. He immediatel}^ opened an office and ])racticed until 1890, when he was appointed Assistant City Solicitor, filling the position until JuK', 1899. .After retiring from public office he became a member of the above named firm, who occupy offices in the ('olumbus Trust and Savings Building. His liolitical allegiance is gU’en to the Democratic party. Socially, Mr. Irvine is a member of the ( )hio Club, the I. O. (). h'., a Mason and Knight Templar. On the 20th of July, 1887, he was married to Miss Ida M. Rowland, a daughter of Mr. Richard Rowland, of Columbus. They haw two children, Dorothy M. and W'illiam R. The parents are prominent socially and are members of the First Methodist PIpiscopal ('hurch. ELLSWORTH C. IRVINE. COLUX'IBUS, O. Sidney De’Lamar Jackson, A leading member of the Mahoning County Bar, was born on the 9th of April, 1855, at Hulibard, Trumbull County, Ohio, and is the son of Joseph M. and Rebecca Lorain Jackson, natives of New Bedford, Pa., and Hubbard, Ohio, respectively. Mr. Jackson belongs to an old American family. On his father’s side he is of Irish descent, while his mother’s family is of English ancestry. Mr. Jackson was educated at Science Hill public schools, at Poland Union Seminary and at Grand River Institute, after which he read law with Hon. D. M. Wilson, at Youngstown, and in April, 1877, he was admitted to the bar, lieginning his practice as a partner of I). M. Wilson, who died two years later. Since that time he has been associated with W. T. Gibson, under the firm name of Jackson and Gibson, and from 1990 until 1910 was a member of the firm of Norris, Jackson and Rose. He now practices alone. In politics, Mr. Jackson is a faithful Republican, being a party worker and having served on committees, in delegations and on the stump. From 1899 to 1899 he filled the office of Prosecuting Attorney of Mahoning County. He is a life member of the Elks and an I. O. O. F. in all departments. Mr. Jackson is married and the father of three children. He resides in AMungstown, Ohio. Benjamin Franklin James, Of Bowling Green, Ohio, one of the leading lawyers of Northwestern Ohio, was born on the 30th of April, 1893, near Mt. Gilead, Ohio, the son of William D. James and Sarah Meredith James, natives of Ohio. His father was the son of Edmund James and Esther Griffith James, who emigrated from Carmarthenshire, South Wales, in 1795. SIDNEY D. JACKSON. YOUNGSTOWN, O. THE^^BOOK OF OHIO. 1063 The mother was a daughter of William and Mary Farmer Meredith. They emigrated from England in the same year. Mr. Benjamin F. James was educated at the Chester- ville, Ohio High School, at Ohio Wesleyan University, Denison University, the Univer- sity of Chicago and at Yale University'. He received the degree of B. of A. from the University of Chicago, in 1884, and the degree of L. L. B. from Yale, in 1887. Being admitted to the bar, he opened an office in Bowling Green, and since that time he has been engaged in the practice of his chosen profession with marked success. Mr. James has always been a staunch Republican and he has served his party in many capacities. He started upon his political career in 1890, as City Solicitor of Bowling Green, Ohio, holding that position in 1890 and 1891. From 1891 to 1895 he represented his county in the 70th and 71st General Assemblies of Ohio, taking an active part in the shaping of legis- lation. \Miile serving in the Legislature, he was a member of the standing committees on Enrollment, Fees and Salaries, Judiciary and Universities and Colleges. In March, 1905, he was appointed United States Attorney before the Spanish Treaty Claims Com- mission, Washington, I). C., the duties thereof taking him to Cuba and Spain. He resigned that position in 1907, to resume the general law practice, with offices in Toledo and Bowling Green, Ohio. Before he took up the practice of his profession he was Pro- fessor of Latin and Greek in Bardstown College, Kentucky, and at Burlington College, Iowa. Socially, Mr. James is a 32nd degree Mason, a member of the Teta Psi College Fraternity; the Phi Delta Phi Legal Fraternity, of the Yale Chapter, of which he was founder and first charter member, in 1887 ; of the Toledo Club and the xAmerican Bar Association. His religious affiliation is with the Baptist Church. He was married to Miss Myrtle E. McElroy, of W ashington, D. C., on the 4th of September, 1901. Mr. James resides at 307 North Church Street, Bowling Green, Ohio. His law offices are Green, and at 723 Spitzer Building, Toledo, Ohio. BENJAMIN F. JAMES. BOWLING GREEN. O. in the First National Bank Building, Bowling A prominent lawyer of Detroit, Mich., was born on the 9th of July, 1853, in Jefferson Township, Green County, Ohio, on a farm, operated by his father, George Wadman January, a native of Ohio. His mother Mary Sandeford Garnett January, was a daughter of Colonel Armsted Garnett, a planter and slave owner of Buckingham County, \lrginia. Mr. January’s father was opposed to slavery, and, as a pioneer of Southern Ohio, was known as “Black Abolitionist.” The mother also sympathized with the cause of free- dom. She taught negro children on her father's plantation in Yirginia to read and write, and thus frequently violated the laws of her native state. Mr. \Yilliam L. January was educated in the district and high schools of Ohio, at the University of Michigan Literary Department (elective), and at the Law Department of the same University, graduating in 1883 with the degree of L. L. B. He was admitted to the bar in 1883 and immediately entered upon the practice of his chosen profession in Detroit, Mich., where he has resided ever since. His offices are located at No. 12-13 Buhl Block, that city. Mr. January has been a faithful advocate of Republican doctrines, being a Republican by birth and choice, always interested in the affairs of the State and the Nation, he has rendered his party very valuable services on the stump as well as by writing. He was a member of the Michigan State Legislature, serving in 1897, 1899, and while being a member of the House of Representatives he served as chairman of the committee on Public Schools and also a member of the committee on Gity Corporations and on A])portionment. He took an active part in debates and the shaping of Legislation and introduced the bills on Primary WILLIAM L. JANUARY, DETROIT, MICH. Reform and the abolition of Convention System. He also opposed lobbists and intro- duced measures to that eff'ect. Mr. January is a member of the U. of M. Alumni Associa- tion, the Detroit Bar Association, Michigan State Bar Association and American Bar Association of which latter association he is General Council. Clubs: Detroit Yacht, The Ohio Society of Detroit, the International Law Association, L’Institut de droit Compare, Brussels, Detroit Board of Commerce. On the 25th of May, 1886, he was married to Miss Carrie Brucker, of Shelby, Ohio. One daughter, Marie Margueretta has blessed their union. Residence 196 A\’ery Avenue, Detroit. William L. January, James Johnson, Jr., Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court and former Mayor of that city, was born on the 3rd of December, 1856. in Springfield, and is the son of James and Katherine Eby Johnson. The father, a natiA'e of Ireland, emigrated with his parents to the United States when he was seven years of age, settling in Clark County, where he later became a prominent builder in Springfield. He was a member of the School Board and of the Springfield City Council, and twice filled the office of Postmaster. He died in 1902, at the ripe age of 81 years. James Johnson, Jr., was graduated fr m Wittenberg College in the class of 1877, after which he studied law with the firm of Bowman, Pringle & Scott. Being admitted to the bar he immediately took up the practice of his profession, forming a partnership with Mr. Pringle, under the firm name of Pringle & Johnson. This firm existed until 1897, when it was dissolved by mutual consent. Since then Mr. Johnson has practiced alone. Mr. Johnson has always been a faithful Democrat and he has served his party in many capacities. In 1886 he was nominated for Circuit Judge of the Second Circuit of Ohio, and although he was defeated in a strong Republican district, he carried his own county, against great odds, by almost one thousand votes. In 1893 he was elected JMayor of Springfield, and during his two years in office he worked assiduously for public improvements and guarded the city’s interests on every hand. In 1897 followed his election to the Presidency of the Spring- field Board of Trade. Mr. Johnson is a public spirited man, of a kind and generous nature, and he stands high in the esteem of his fellow citizens. In 1888, Mr. Johnson was married to Miss Blanche Obenshane, of White County, Indiana. Mr. Johnson resides at Springfield, Ohio. Mr. Johnson was nominated by the Democratic State Convention on June 22, 1910, for Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio, and elected at the following election. THE BOOK OF OHIO. William Henry Johnson, Of Zanesv ille, Ohio, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in the First Subdivision of the Kighlh Judicial District of Ohio and a leading member of the Bar of Muskingum County, was born on a farm near Zanesville, on the 8th of June, 1853, the son of Jacob Johnson and ('aroline E. Cray Johnson. Ills ancestors were farmers and from them he inherited his rugged constitution. He obtained his education at the common schools of his native county, at Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio and the Cincinnati Law School, graduating from Wesleyan in 1878 and at Cincinnati in 1881. After being admitted to the bar he took up the ])ractice of his profession in which he has been very sitccessful. 1 le has always been a staunch Re]:)ul)lican and has been active in the ranks of its workers, lie was ajrpointed on the City Board ol Flections by Governor Foraker in 1889, and reap])()inted from time to time on City and County Boards of Elections until nominated for his jn'esent position, when he resigned. He wms triumjrhantly elected and took the oath of his office on the 8th of February, 1907. Socially, Judge Johnson is a member of the Elks. He is still single. His residence is located at Zanesville, Ohio. Henry Pounds Karch, ;\ jtrominent memljer of the Cincinnati Bar, with offices in the Pickering Building, Cin- cinnati, Ohio, is a native of Holmes ('ounty, Ohio. He wms lun-n on his grandfather’s farm in Paint Townshi]p and is the son of Fred Karch and Mary Elizabeth Pounds Karch. 'I'he mother was an Ohioan by birth, wdiile the father came wdth his parents from Meisen- heim, Germany to the United States when but tw-o years of age. On his maternal side, Mr. Karch is of Scotch-Irish ancestry. When hve years old, Mr. Karch’s i)arents moved to Sallcreek d'ownshi|). He received his early education in the Boontown public schools, working on the farm during vacation times. Later he altimded Millcrsburg High School, graduating in 1890. The next three years Mr. Karch attended the Ohio Northern Univer- silv at .Ada, teaching school at the same time. Returning to Millersburg, bbjlmes County, Ohi(j, Mr. Karch took u]) the study of l.iw under the i)recei)torshii) of Critchfield K Huston, well known lawyers of that city, and on the 7th of March, 1895, he was ad- mitted to the bar betore the Supreme ('otirt of Ohio. Immediately after, he became engaged in the practice of his chosen profession at .Millersbttrg, btit, in 1890 retnoved to ('incinnati, where he has practiced ever since. Air. Karch is an Independent Democrat but never held any office. Socially, he is a member of the Knights and Ladies of Security, of the I. O. O. E. and of the Knights of the Ancient Essenic ( )rder. He was married on the 30th of June, 18!)5, to Miss Mary Josephine Stiffler, a daitghter of Andrew' J.ickson and Rebecca Lid\' Stiffler, ot Millersburg, ;md is the father of three sons atid one daughter. The family reside in Norwood, ( )hio. Chas. Wesley Karr, .A U'ading member of the Hamilton County Bar, with offlees in the Lincoln Inn C'ourt, ('incinnati, ( )hio, was born on the 7th of Septemlier, 1841, in Whitewater Township, Hamilton Cotmty, ()hio. His parents, Charles and Jeritsha Harvey Karr, were natives of ()hio and New Hampshire, res])cctively. Mr. Karr’s grandfather, Hugh Karr, removed to Whitewater Townshi]) from Pennsylvania, in 1797, and cleaned the larm on which Mr. C. W. Karr and his lather were born. Air. Karr received his educati(^n in the com- mon schools, after which he took a course at the National Normal University at Lebanon, ( )hio, finishing his education in bStiO. He then engaged in the profession of teaching until Jtine, IStil, when he lollowed Lincoln’s call to arms and enlisted in Comitany E., 2nd Kentucky X'olunteer Inlantry, as a sergeant. For meritorious conduct on the battle- field of Shiloh, he w,is i)romoted to second Lieutenant liy Adjutant General Finnel, and later to Ca|)tainc>-, serving in the latter rank until mustered out on the 19th of Jitne, IS()4. In tlm battle ol Stone River, on theJlstot December, 1892, he was slightly woutided. He commanded C'oni])any G ot his Regiment at the Battle of C'hickamauga. L’pon his discharge from the armv’, Mr. Karr retitrned to Cincinnati, read law in the office of his brother, John Karr, and attended the Cincinnati Law School, from vvdiich he grad- tiated with the i4ass ot A])ril, bStiti, receiving the degree of Bachelor ot Laws, and was admitted to the bar the satue month. Since that time he has been engaged in the practice of his chosen in'otession, making a s])ccialty of office law fnisiness and itrosecution of United States claims. Air. Karr has played an important part in the history of the ( ). N. G. In Jamtary, 1879, he was appointed Assistant Adjittant General, and in Augitst, 1879, Adjutant ( leneral liy Governor Rutherford B. Hayes and later by Governor Thomas L. 5’oung. It was during this term that the great railroad strike occurred, and this he met and adjusted with courage and tact. General Karr organized the (>hio National Guard, he being the author of the Independent Alilitia Act, of April, 1870, the initiatory steir toward the law which he subseciuently drafted and which was passed in 1879-1877. He has been activ^ely identified with the G. A. R. since its organization, and he was Assistant Adjutant General of the Ohio Department and later commander ot George 11. Thomas Post, No. 13. He is one of the charter members of the Wm. H. Lytle Post, No. 47, a member ot the Union Veteran Legion, and Past Alaster of North Bend Iwxlge, E. & A. AT On the 17th of Nov'ember, 1879, General Karr was married to Miss Elizabeth Platt, a daughter of Air. Steivhen H. Platt, a merchant of New A'ork. Mrs. Karr is a talented author, among her pro- ductions being “The American Horse Woman,’’ now in general use as a book of instruction for ladies in the art of riding. General Karr resides in North Bend, Ohio, which village he has served as Trustee, Mayor and Solicitor. Malcolm A. Karchner, ( )ne of the best known Republicans of the State and a member of the Republican State C'entral Committee from the Iweltth Ohio District, was born at Lancaster, Ohio, on the 12th of July, 1877. His father, George \\’. Karchner, also a native of Ohio, came to ('olumbus in 1889. His mother, Clara Bitler Karchner, was born in Fairfield Countv', Ohio. Both parents are of (_ierman ancestry and they reside in Columbus. The maternal ancestors Hed from Germany as religious refugees, came to America and settled in Penn- 10154 WII I lAM llltNRV JOHNSON, ZANUSVIl.U-.. o. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1065 sylvania. General Karchner, who served in General Washington’s staff during the War of the Re\'olution, was a paternal ancestor, the name being changed since. Mr. Malcolm Karchner was educated in the public schools of Columbus, graduating from North High School in 1894. He then took a four year course in pharmacy at Ohio State University and graduated in 1898. In that year he joined Battery H, Ohio National Guard, and served throughout the Spanish-American W'ar. In the fall of 1898 he was x-\ssistant Secretary of the Franklin County Executive Committee. In 1899, Go\’ernor Nash appointed him Deputy Clerk at the Ohio Penitentiary. After the election of Mayor Jeffrey, of Columbus, in 1903, Mr. Karchner was selected as his secretary and the same year he was elected Secretary of the Franklin County Executive Committee. He was also elected a member of the Republican State Central Committee in 1902 and still holds that position, being chosen Secretary of that body. When the Republican State Executive Committee was organized for the campaign of 1908, Chairman Henry H. Williams appointed him chairman of the organization bureau, a position of great responsibility. In June, 1908, he was elected Vice-President of the American Savings Bank of Columbus. Socially, Mr. Karchner is a K.of P. and an Elk. He was married on the 15th of May, 1898, to Miss Julia Pinney, of Worthington, Ohio. They reside in Columbus, Ohio. J. Warren Keifer, Member of Congress and President of the Lagonda National Bank, Springfield, Ohio, has long been one of Ohio’s honored and distinguished citizens. He was born on IMad River, Clark County, Ohio, on the 30th of January, 183(5, and is a son of Joseph and Mary (Smith) Keifer. The father was a native of Maryland and had emigrated to (Ohio and settled in Clark County, when the state was still in its infancy. Mr. J. Warren Keifer was educated in the public schools and at Antioch College. Upon completing his Collegiate course he returned to the home farm and between the intervals of agricultural labor he devoted himself assiduously to the study of law. In 1858, he w'as admitted to practice and immediately opened an office at Springfield. When the Civil War broke out, Mr. Keifer, on the 19th of April, 1861, enlisted in defense of the Union, being among the first to proffer his services. On the 27th of April, 1861, he was commissioned major of the Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for a period of three months, and before the expiration of that time was commissioned for three years. He participated in the battle of Rich Mountain, on the 11th of July, 1861, and in the same year was on the field at Cheat VIountain and Elk Water, Vh Va. On the 12th of February, 1862, he was commissioned Lieu- tenant Colonel, and was present at the capture of Bowling Green, Ky., Nashville, Tenn. and Hunts\'ille and Bridgeport, Ala. In April, 1862, he led an expedition into Georgia and performed an important service in destroying the salpetre works at Nickajack Cave. On the 30th of September, 1862, he was commissioned Colonel of the 110th Regiment, O. V. I., and being assigned to General Milroy’s division in West Virginia, was placed in command of a brigade and the post of Moorefield. He was wounded twice in the battle at Winchester, on the 13th, 14th and 15th of June, 1863. On the 9th of July.l 863, Colonel Keifer was assigned to the Third Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, and fought at Wapping Heights. In August of the same year he was dispatched with his command to New York City to suppress riots and enforce the draft. This work successfully accomplished, he rejoined the army, and, on the 27th of November, 1863, he took part in the battle of Mine Run. C)n the 24th of March, 1864 he was transferred to the Sixth Army Corps, and, at the battle of Wilderness, on the 5th of May, 1864, he was seriously wounded, but, in August, follow- ing, in spite of his disability, he resumed command of his brigade. His adoring soldiers saw their commander with his wounded arm still in the sling, fighting at their head under General Sheridan and Wright through the battles of Opequon, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, down to Shenandoah Valley, having the horse shot from under him in the first named battle. Recognition of his bravery and indomitable courage was shown by President Lincoln, who bre\’etted him Brigadier General. In December, 1864, with his own corps. General Keifer rejoined the xLrmy of the Potomac in front of Petersburg, and on the 25th of March, 1865 he led a successful assault. On the 2nd of April he charged with his division in the final assault which carried the main works and resulted in the cap- ture of Petersburg and Richmond. His corps was later sent to aid in the capture of General Johnston’s army in North Carolina, and he was present at the capitulation of General Johnston, as he had been at that of General Lee. Thus ended his military career during the Civil War. Many years later General Keifer added another page to his military achievements. In April, 1898, when war with Spain was declared, he was appointed a Major General by President McKinley and served in command of the Seventh Army Corps at Miami and Jacksonville, Florida. Embarking with sixteen thousand men to Cuba, he established his headquarters at Buena Vista, just outside the city of Havana. He was in command of the United States Military forces which took possession of Havana, on the 1st of January, 1899. In May of that year he was mustered out of the military service and resumed his law practice at Springfield. General Keifer has been a life long faithful Republican, and as a Statesman he has won the commendations and ad- admiration of his fellow citizens in equal degree as a soldier. From 1868 until 1870 he served with marked efficiency as a member of the Ohio State Senate. In 1876, he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention and in the same year was elected to Congress, where he served continuously until 1885. In December 1881, he was chosen Speaker of the House, ser\fing in that capacity until March, 1883. In 1904, General Keifer was again elected to Congress, representing the 7th Ohio District, and ser\ ing until 1912. On the 22nd of March, 1860, General Keifer was married to Eliza Stout. Three sons and one daughter were born to them, of which the sons survive. From 1870 to 1878, General Keifer served as one of the Trustees of the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Orphans' Home at Xenia, he ha\ ing organized the Board of Control in 1868. He is a prominent member of the G. A. R. and the Ohio Commandery Loyal Legion. Since 1873, General Keifer is President of the Lagonda National Bank, at Springfield. He resides at 1220 East High Street, Springfield, Ohio. James B. Kennedy, A prominent lawyer of Youngstown, Ohio, was born on the 20th of November, 1862, at Youngstown, and is the son of John Reid Kennedy, a native of Mahoning County, Ohio, and Elizabeth Byrd Kennedy. The mother came from England to the Imited States at an early age. Mr. Kennedy’s great grandfather was born at the old family settlement near Baltimore, where his ancestors had located when they came to America. Mr. Kennedy was educated in the Youngstown public schools, at Poland Academy and at the University of Michigan. He then read law at Warren and Youngstown, and, at the age of 21 years, was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of Ohio. Since then he has followed his profession at Youngstown with marked success. Judge Kennedy has always been a staunch Republican and has served his party faithfully and well. For six years he was prosecuting MALCOLM A. KARCHNER, COLUMBUS, O. THE BOOK OF OHIO. Attorney of Mahoning County and also was Judge of the Common Pleas Court. Mr. Kennedy accepted membership on the Courty House Commission at the universal recpiest of the bench and bar and to the great satisfaction of the citizenship. Since that time the work of building the magnificent new Court House has been carried on free from criticism, with the result that Mahoning Count will soon be graced by one of the most sjdcndid temples of Justice in the United States, the architecture of the building being upon a scale of grandeur seldom found in county buildings. Outside of his legal tlulies, Judge Kennedy is President of the Youngstown & Northern Railroad, Director of the Commercial National Bank; the W J. Scholl Company; the Wilkins-Leonard Hardware Comi)any and other financial and industrial institutions. He is married and is the father of three children. His offices are located in the Wick Building. Judge Kennedy resides at 270 Madison Avenue, Youngstown, Ohio. Josiali Quincy Kern, A valued law official in the Treiisury Department at Washington, D. C., familiarly known in departmental circles as “Judge Kern,” was born on a farm in Washington Township, Stark County, Ohio, Octol)er 27, 1838, and was the oldest child of Jacob Kern and Chris- tina Riseley Kern. His father was a successful farmer and highly respected citizen, and his mother an industrious wife, devoted to the interests of her husband and her family. His parents were natives of Ohio, descended from natives of Pennsylvania and Maryland. His maternal great grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. Mr. Kern received his education at the home district school. Mount Union College and the National University Law School. He graduated at Mount Union College, Alliance, Ohio, June 20, 1801, and at the National Uni\ersity Law School, Washington, D. C., in June 1882, and again in June, 1883, receiving the University gold medal in 1883 for the best essay on “The Doctrine of Ultra Vires.” He holds the degrees of A. B., A. M., Ph. D., LL. B., and LL'. M. In 1801, at the age of twenty-three, he engaged in the teacher’s profession and taught for several years in high schools in IlliiK)is and ()hio. In 1801 he was employed as a clerk in the Recorder’s office at Canton, Stark County, Ohio. In December of that year he was ai)i)oinled to a first class clerkship in the United States Treasury Department, at Washington, D. C., and has since been promoted tlirough all the grades to his present position, that of Law Clerk of the office of the Auditor for the War Department, a bureau in the Treasury Department. His present occupation is that of writer of decisions on questions of law arising in the office of the .Xnditor for the War Department, a resj)onsible as well as honorable position in the United States Treasury Department. From May, 18()(), to October, 18!)1, he was a clerk in the office of the Second Comptroller of the Treasury, engaged In the revision of military accounts. I luring this period, much of his time, after official hours, was occupied as a correspondent and contrilnitor to various newspapers. He has occupied Ids ]:)resent position as Law Clerk in the office of the Auditor for the War Department since June 19, 1897. lie is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; the National Geographic Society; the Association of American Government Accountants; National Lodge No. 12; F. A. A. M., D. C. and Lafayette Chapter No. 5, R. A. M., D. C. In his political belief he is a Repul)IIcan. He was married February 20, 1903, to Miss Frlith Kingman Boyer, of Wf)odstock, Illinois, a suc- cessful teacher in the i)ublic schools of Illinois and author of several books for young people. Like her husl)and, she is a graduate in law and has been admitted to practice In the courts of the District of Columbia. Mr. Kern is the author of two law books published by the Government. The first was published in 1893 and the second in 1899. The first is entitled “Digest of Decisions of the Second Comptroller of the Treasury from 1884 to 1893.” It is a work of 508 pages, the index to which comprises 9(i. The second is entitled “Digest of Decisions of the Second Comptroller of the Treasury from January 1, 1893 to Octol)er 1, 1894.” It Is a work of 178 pages, the index comprising 44. The two books cover a period of nearly ten years. Many of the decisions digested in them were written by Mr. Kern, who has another volume in an advanced state of preparation. Edgar B. Kinkead, At present one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas of the sub-division, composed of Franklin County, of the Fifth Judicial District of Ohio, was born near the village of Beverly, Washington County, Ohio, March 14, 1803. At the beginning of the Civil War, his father, Isaac Benton Kinkead, enlisted in the Union Army. He was Captain of Company K of the 77th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was at one time in charge of Alton Prison, 111. He was afterwards Lieutenant Colonel of the 148th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Judge Kinkead obtained his education in the common schools of Washington County, at Marietta Academy and at Marietta College, receiving from the latter the degree of M. A. At the age of nineteen he was appointed Deputy Clerk of the Probate Court of his native county, which position he held for five years, during which time he begun the study of the law. In March, 1887, he was appointed Deputy Clerk of the Supreme Court of Ohio, serving in that capacity about one year, and was then appointed Assistant State Law Librarian, which position he held five years. He was admitted to the bar in December, 1889. In 1893 he resigned as Assistant Law Librarian and entered upon the general practice of the law. In September, 1895, he was appointed Professor of Law at the Law College of the Ohio State University, which position he still occupies. He acted as Special Counsel for the State Attorney-General in the years 1897 and 1898, and took a prominent part in all the anti-trust litigation carried on during those years. In November, 1908, he was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and took his seat on the bench, January 1, 1909. Judge Kinkead is the author of numerous works on law subjects, among whicli are the following: “Kinkead’s Code Pleading,” 2nd Vol. (1894); 2nd Edition, 1898: “Kinkead’s Instruction to Juries and Judgment Entries” (1897), 1st Vol.; “Kinkead’s EDGAR B. KINKEAD. COLUMBUS. O. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1067 Practice” (1900), 1st Vol.; ‘‘Kinkead’s Common Law Pleading” (1900), 1st Vol.; ‘‘Kinkead’s Probate Law and Practice” (1900), 1st Vol.; ‘‘Kinkead’s Commentaries on Torts” (1903), 2nd Vol.; ‘‘Kinkead’s Jurisprudence, Law and Ethics” (1904), 1st Wk; and an article on Libel and Slander in ‘‘Cyclopedia of Law.” He is much in demand as a public speaker and lecturer. He has delivered adresses before the Ohio State Bar i\ssociation, one of which, on the negative side of the Initiative and Referendum proposition attracted wide attention throughout the country, and he is frequently invited to speak before institutions of learning upon subjects kindred to the law. He is a member of the Delta LTpsilon and Phi Delta Phi College Fraternities, the Masons, Knights of Phythias and Elks. He is a Republican in politics and has frequently taken an active and prominent part in the campaigns of that party. Before taking his place on the bench. Judge Kinkead enjoyed a large law practice, to which he devotedly gave his energies, his wide knowledge and his great ability. His rank and standing at the bar as an able advocate and profound jurist are of the highest. His opinions from the bench have won high encomiums far beyond the territorial jurisdiction of his court. Judge Kinkead married, early in life. Miss Nellie M. Snyder. They have one daughter, Mabel A. Their home is on beauti- Lewis C. Laylin, One of the prominent public men of the state, was born September 28, 1848, at Norwalk, Ohio. His father, John Laylin, was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in 1791. Pie was one of the veterans of the War of 1812, and came to that part of Ohio, known as ‘‘The Fire-Lands,” when it was still a wilderness. Lewis C. Laylin’s early education was obtained in the neighborhood schools and after his graduation from the Norwalk High School he became a teacher and for si.x years was superintendent of the public schools of Bellevue. At the termination of this service he took up the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1878, shortly thereafter win- ning his first political honors. He was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Huron County on the Republican ticket and served seven years. In 1887 he was elected representative from Huron County, and he filled that office in such a satisfactory manner that he was twice re-elected to the same position. In the house of the Sixty-Ninth General Assembly, he received the unanimous support of the Republican minority for the speakership, and he was elected speaker of the House of the Seventieth General Assembly. His ser\ ice in that capacity was distinguished by his masterly control of parliamentary situations, his keen judgment displayed in appointments and his fairness to the minority, with the result that on both sides of the chamber he made friends whose personal loyalty still abides. Mr. Laylin enjoys a unique record in state politics. He was elected Secretary of State for the first term, in 1900, by a plurality of 69,311, and was re-elected for his second term by a plurality of 90,465, and for his third term by 230,389, the latter being the highest plurality ever given in Ohio for the head of a state ticket. During and previous to this important period, he was the friend and counsellor of the foremost men in national life, intimately associated with McKinley as Governor and President, and sharing the confidence of the late Senator Hanna as few men ever enjoyed it. As Secretary of State, his service was of the most Important nature, because the legislation of the time made it necessary for him to establish precedents touching many of the most important subjects now under the supervision of the state department. His three administrations wit- nessed an unparalleled growth of business and responsibility in the office of Secretary of State, but every requirement of this history- making epoch was met by the head of the department with a prompt efficiency calculated to promote the public interests. Mr. Laylin’s long experience, both as lawyer and county and state official, made him a valuable and efficient member of the commission to revise and codify the general statues of the state, to Avhich position he Avas appointed in 1906 by GoA-ernor AndreAv L. Harris. He Avas elected chairman of the commission, AA'hich made its report on January 3, 1910 and the report of the commission Avas almost unanimously adopted by the legislature. In his personal aspect, Mr. Laylin Is a courtly man, someAA’hat reserA'ed in manner, but frankh' cordial. He Is a strong leader in a political campaign on account of his personality and eminent record, but is also a forceful and eloquent speaker. He is President of the Ohio State Life Insurance Company of Columbus, in AA'hich city he resides. He and his family attend the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he AA'as tAvice elected as delegate to the general conference of that denomination. Socially he is a member of the Nor- AA'alk Commandery No. 18, K. T. and Past Eminent Commander of that body. He is also connected AA'ith the Huron Chapter R. A. M. and Mt. Vernon Lodge, F. & A. M., all of Nor\A'alk. On NoA'ember 3, 1880, Mr. Laylin AA'as married to Miss Frances Latimer I IcAvey, youngest daughter of John Fairchild DeAA'ey and Ann Eliza Wolcott DeAA'ey, both of ReA'olutlonary descent. Mr. DcAA'ey AA'as internal reA'enue collector for Northern Ohio under Presidents Lincoln and Johnson. Mrs. La^'lin Is President of the Columbus City Federation of Women’s Clubs. Three sons AA'ere born to them. The oldest son, Clarence DeAA'ey Laylin, born on August 29, 1882, is uoaa' special counsel to Attorney General Denman of Ohio. He is an alumnus of the Ohio State UnlA'ersity, colleges of Arts and of LaAv, and married to Fanny Ward Hagerman, daughter of ReAx EdAvard T. Hagerman, D. D., a prominent Methodist deA'ine of Des Moines, loAva. The second son, Robert Wey- burn Laylin, an alumnus of the Ohio State UnlA'ersity, college of Arts, occupies the position of teller in the City National Bank, Columbus, AA'hile the third son, LeAvis Fairchild Laylin, is at present a student at the Ohio State UniA’ersity. Talford P. Linn, Attorney at LaAv, Columbus, Ohio, one of the leading members of the Franklin County Bar, Avas born on the 15th of July, 1854, in McConnellsA'ille, Ohio, the son of Daniel B. and Mary Dana Linn, both natiA'es of the Buckeye State. His ancestors came to America in 1640. Mr. Linn receiA’ed his education In the ZanesA'ille public schools and at Kenyon College, from AA'hich institution he was graduated in 1872. He holds the degree of A. B. and L. L. D. After leaA'ing college he read laAV AA'ith his father, aa'Iio AA'as a noted lawyer, and in due time he aaus admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of Ohio, Avhen he took up the practice of his chosen profession, in Avhich he has met AA'ith great success. In politics, Mr. Linn Is a staunch Democrat. In 1891 he AA'as appointed ful Inka AA'enue, of the Capital City. LEAVIS C. LAYLIN, COLUMBUS, O. 10G8 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Assistant United States District Attorney by President Cleveland. He is a Trustee of Dayton State Hospital by appointment of the late CoNC'rnor Xash. Socialb’, he is a member of the Columbus Club and of various other organizations. He resides at 120 East Broad SirecU. His oflices are located in the Wyandotte Building, Columbus, Ohio. C.I'.ORGI-: S. LONG. COl.UMUUS, O. Nicholas Longworth, Attorney at Law at Cincinnati, Ohio, and member of (hmgress from the First Congres- -.ional District of Ohio, belongs t(j one ot the most ])rominent families of the Oueen City. Mis great grandfather, Nicholas Lemgworth, was one of the first settlers in Cincinnati; his grandfathca', Joseph la)iigworth, founded the C'incinnati Art School, which stands today as a monument of that gentleman’s public spirit, while his father. Judge Nicholas Longworth, enjoyed the distinction ol being one of the foremost e.xponents of the law in ( )hio, and who stood high in the legal ])rofessi(m of this country, ('ongressman Long- worth was born on the ath of November, 18()9, at Cincinnati. He received his early edtication in the .schools of his home city, after which he attended the Harvard Hniver- !iit\', graduating from that famous institution in LS!)1, with high honors. Returning to Cincinnati, Mr. Longworth entered the Cincinnati Law' School, from where he went to I l.uward and studied for one year in the law (lei)artment of that uni\ersity. He hnished his legal education at the Cincinnati Law' School, from which he graduated. Congress- man Longworth is a staunch Republican, and he served his party often and faithfully. In the \'ear of 1S07 he was nominated by the Re])ublicans of Hamilton C'ounty as a candidate' to the 73rd C.eneral Assembly, but met defeat with the rest of the ticket. T'waj \’cars later, howe\'er, he was triumi)hantly elected on the ticket of his party to the same |)osition, in connection with Judge Harry 11. Hoffheimer and Judge Carl Nippert. In I'.HM, Congressman Longw'orth was returned to the Ceneral Assembly, at this time as a State Senator, and in this |)osition he served the peo]dc with distinction. His name was placed before the ])eople in 1!H)2 as a candidate for Congress and his election tolkjwed. ,\t that time he was one of the youngest members in the National House of Represen- tatixes, but, notwithstanding his youth, he made such an enviable record that he has bi'cn returned to Congress at every tollowing election until 1!M)8. In February, 1906, he wais married to Miss Alice Roosevelt, daughter of President Theodore Roosevelt. Congressman Longw'orth is a leading memixer of the Stamina Repul)lican League and of the Blaine (dub, of which, in 1901, he was elected Presiflent. He also I'lelongs to many social, fraternal and business associations. NICHOLAS LONGWORTH. CINCINNATI, O. George Saunders Long, Secretary to the Governor of Ohio, w'as born on the 22nd of February, 1856, at Troy, Ohio, and is the son of Jacob F. and Mar\' Kremminger Long. His parents were natives of W'uertemberg, Germany, w'here they were marr|ed, after w'hich they emigrated to the Lnited States and settled in Troy, Ohio. Mr. Long w'as educated in the public schools of his native city, and at Dartmouth College, froqi w'hich institution he graduated in 1879, with the degree ol A. B. He started in public lile as a teacher, at the age of eighteen years. He afterw'ard studied law', w'as admitted to the liar before the Supreme Court of Ohio, and took u]) the practice of his chosen profession in Troy. He alw'ays has been a staunch Democrat and has served his party in many capacities. He w'as a member of the Troy School Board and also served as Mayor of his native city. In 1893 he wms elect- ed State Senator trom his home district. While a member of the Senate, he took a very active jxart in the shaping of Legislation, always having the interests of the people at heart. He w'as ajipointed to his present pijsition in January, 1909. Socially, Mr. Long is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, the K. ot P., 1. (J. O. Lk, Elks and the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. When a young man he W'as a member of the Ohio National Guard. On the 2nd of June, 1887, Mr. Long was married to Miss Lina Weller. One son, who is at present a student at Dartmf)Uth C'ollege, has blessed their union. The family reside at Troy. Mr. Long’s offices arc located in the State Building, C'olumlnis, (Ohio. VIRGIL C. LOWRY, LOGAN. O. Virgil C. Lowry, One of the leading lawyers of C'entral Ohicj, is a native of Athens County, Ohicj, wdiere he was born on a farm on the 30th day of November, 1853. His parents, William C. Lown-y, a farmer and school teacher, and Mrs. Samantha Dixon Lowry w'ere natives of the Buckeye State. Mr. Lowry received his education in the common schools of Athens County, at Atw'ood Institute, Albany, Ohio, and at the Ohio Ihiiversity, Athens, Ohio, from W'hich last institution he w'as graduated in 1878, wdth the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He started in public life at the age of eighteen as a teacher in the public schools, and later became Principal of The Logan High School, w'here he remained until 1881. He then returned to Athens, Ohio and comideted his law' studies with De Steiguer N Jewett. He wms admitted to the bar in January 1883, and in February following, began the practice of the law with Homer L. Wright as a partner, at Logan, Ohio, w'here he is still engaged in his chosen profession. Fie is regarded as one of the prominent members of the Bar of Central Ohio. Mr. Low'ry has always been a Democrat of the strictest sect and has served his party often and with marked ability. In 1885 he w'as elected Prosecuting Attorney of Hocking County. Haxing served his constitutents to the'r THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1069 entire satisfaction during his first term; at its expiration, he was re-elected to a second term in the fall of 1888, but resigned the year following to accept the nomination for State Senator from the 9th Senatorial District. He- was elected to that position in the fall of 1889 over Major Charles Townsend, of Athens, Ohio, and served in the 69th General xAssembly of Ohio. During his Senatorial term he served as a member of the standing committees on Judiciary, Schools and School Lands (chairman). Universities and Colleges, Mines and Mining, Benevolent Institutions, State Library (chairman). Federal Relations and Labor. He was very active in shaping legislation and always had the interest of the people at heart. He never evaded unpleasant or unpopular legislation by absenting himself from the sessions of the Senate, but was always found at his post of duty. He was nominated for the Senate in the 9th and 14th Senatorial District in 1891 and 1893, but the change in the political complexion of the joint district brought about by attaching the 14th District to the 9th District resulted in his defeat each time. * In 1885 he was appointed a member of the Board of Trustees of The Ohio University and is still a member of that body. He is the oldest member in point of service. In 1897 he was appointed a Trustee of the Athens State Hospital to fill an unexpired term and was reappointed to full term in 1901 and served as President of the Board for the last two years of the full term. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1896; member of the Democratic State Executive Committee in 1898 and a member of the Democratic State Central Committee from 1904 to 1906. Senator Lowry is a member of the Masonic Order, being a Master Mason. He believes in and holds to the Methodist Episcopal Faith and attends the church of that denomination at Logan, Ohio, although he is not a member of that church. Outside of his legal duties, he is President of the Board of Directors of the Logan Printing and Publishing Company and is connected with several gas and oil companies as director and attorney. His law office is located in the James Block, Logan, Ohio. Lorenzo D. M’Cabe, Was born in Marietta, Ohio, on the 7th of January, 1817. His parents, Robert and Mary McCracken M’Cabe, were of Scotch-Irish stock and illustrated in their infiuenlial position and useful lives, the best cjualities of those two races. Deprived at an early age of both parents, he was taken into the home and store of a leading man in his native place. The lad of nine years found a mother in the excellent and refined wife of the merchant. He became an expert accountant and a model of despatch and integrity as a clerk. Here he had opportunity and acquired unusual knowledge of both men and af- fairs. His sympathy and sense of humor were exercised by the varied characters which thronged the promiscuous country store of that day in which he sold everything from velvet to molasses. Desiring more than a district school education, he studied as he could, diligently, reciting at night to a maiden lady in the vicinity. At the age of twenty-one he left the store, having professed conc’ersion and been licensed to preach in the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He entered the Ohio University, at Athens, Ohio, of which Dr. M’Guffy was President. As a student he was a popular speaker, much sought after to fill vacant pulpits. At the age of twenty-six he was graduated and after a short term of preaching on a circuit was elected to the chair of Mathematics in his Alma Mater. Here he remained until the opening of the Ohio Wesleyan Ihiiversity, where he was elected to the same chair. In this he continued sixteen years, when, the department of Psy- chology being vacated, he accepted it, giving it the name of Philosophy. This was his favorite study and he remained in the chair until his death in 1897. He was married to Miss Martha Secvall, of Washington, D. C., niece and foster daughter of the distin- guished Dr. Sewall. Seven years after her death, he married, in 1857, Miss Harriet C. Clark, of Sidney, N. V. He rccei\’ed the degree of D. D. from the Allegheny College and of L. L. D. from Syracuse IhiiA'ersity. He was one of a family of ten, four brothers and five sisters. His life was exceptionally successful and happy for many years. Until his death, he was \’ice-President of the Ohio Wesleyan University. He had singular control of students. The knowledge of human nature acquired in the countr\- store at Marietta, his wisdom, tact, sympathy and ready wit, served him perfectly in the six years he was at different times acting President. He has an extremely pleasing personality and winning address, but like General Jackson, he knew when to be a “son of thunder.” In matters of conscience he had a childlike simplicity. He had broad sympathies which led him to ]rrotect and guide all who needed him. His habits w'ere abstemious, his mind was clear and profound with a Scotch passion for Methaphysics. The lectures, which he delivered at various colleges and at Chautauqua, upon the “Foreknowledge of God,” “The Di\ ine Nescience” and “The Phi- losophy of Holiness,” w’ere afterwards published at the request of his (Cincinnati) conference. His e.xegetical articles, contributed to the literature of the day, were original, profound and interesting. He closed a career of great usefulness of fifty years in Ohio Wes- leyan University, a conspicuous figure in its religious and educational history, from the first year of its founding. Benjamin F. McCann, One of the leading members of the Bar of Montgomery County, Ohio, was born on the 22nd of January, 1861, at Zanes\ille, Ohio, the son of Thomas A. and Jane McKee McCann, both natives of Ohio. The grandparents came from the old country and settled in Ohio when the State was still in its childhood. Judge McCann received his education in the schools of his home county. He later studied law, was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of Ohio, and then made a trip to Europe, visiting the various countries. Returning to his native land he opened an office in Dayton, where he soon became a prominent member of his profession. Judge McCann has always been a staunch Democrat, ever ready to serve his party in any capacity, in committees as well as on the stump. He is a forceful speaker, and his arguments are convincing and logical. In 1892 he was appointed Police Court Prose- cuting Attorney, and having served w ith distinction during his first term of office, ■was reappointed for a second term, in 1895. Later he was elected by the Democrats of Montgomery County, Probate Judge. Upon retiring from office. Judge McCann devoted himself again to his private practice, which is very large and lucrative. He stands high in the ranks of his party and has been frequently mentioned as a candidate for the highest office in the gift of the people of Ohio, for the Governorship. Judge McCann’s offices are located in the U. B. Building, Dayton, Ohio. Guy Ward Mallon, One of the leading Corporation Lawyers of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 28th of April, 1864, at Cincinnati, the son of Judge Patrick Mallon, a native of Ireland, and Sophia Pitcher Beadle Mallon. The father came to the United States with his parents in LORUNZO D McCABE. 1070 THE BOOK OF OHIO. GUY WARD MALLON. CINCINNA'I I. O. 1825, when but two years of age. Mr. Mallon was educated in the Cincinnati public schools, at Woodward High School, Yale College, the Columbian Law School, Wash- ington, 1). C., and at the Cincinnati Law School. He graduated from Yale in 1885 and holds the degrees of A. B. and L. L. B. After being admitted to the bar he took up the practice of his chosen profession, gi\’ing special attention to corporation management and organization. He formerly was President of The Cincinnati Trust Company, a prominent banking institution of the Queen City. Outside of his legal profession, Mr. Mallon is interested as Director in many industrial, manufacturing and traction enter- prises. He is a Director of The Title Guarantee and Trust Company, The Manss Shoe Manufacturing Co., The United States Can Company, The Bauer Ice Cream and Baking Company, The Congress Gold and Copper Co., etc. Politically, Mr. Mallon is a staunch adherent of the Democratic faith, and he has rendered his party valuable service in committees as well as on the stump. In November, 1889, he was elected a member of the General Assembly of Ohio, for a term of two years, and, in No\'emlier, 1907, he was elected Councilman from the 9th Ward of Cincinnati. He also is a Trustee of The Ohio State Uni\ ersity since 1903, ha\’ing been appointed to that position by Governor Nash. While a member of the General Assembly, Mr. Alallon was the author of a l)ill, intro- ducing the Australian Ballot in Ohio. On the 12th of November, 1891, he was married to M iss Hannah Neil, of Columbus, Ohio. Eight children, Mary, Henry Neil, John Howard, Sophia Beadle, Patrick, Horace Taft, Hannah and Dwight Stone have been the fruit of their union. Mr. Mallon resides with his family at 234 McGregor Avenue. Mt. Auburn, Cincinnati, Ohio. Charles Franklin Malsbary, Charles Franklin Malsbary, Attorney at Law at ('incinnati, was born on the 21st of Feb- ruarv, 1855, on a farm in Sycamore Township, 12 miles North of ('incinnati, Hamilton County, ( )hio. His parents were natives of New Jersey and Ohio, respectively. Mr. Malsbary’s maternal grandfather. Price Thompson, enlisted in the Revolutionary War on the 18th ot December, 1779, and served until hoiu)rably discharged at the close of the war. He was in man\- liattles, including Yorktown and was present at the surrender of Cornwallis. He held the rank ot corporal. Mr. Malsbary’s mother is now 82 years of age and is still acti\’e, both physically and mentally. Mr. Malsl)ary was educated in the country schools, at the Select Grammar School in charge of the late Colonel Mar- (■('llus A. Leeds and at the National Normal University, now Lebanon University, Leb- anon, ( )hio. Alter teaching .sewral years, he attended the ('incinnati Law School, from which he graduated with the class of 1889. This marked the commencement of his career as an attorney, which has l)een a ^’ery successful one. Judge Malsbary is a Jurist of more than ordinary ability, thoroughly grounded in the knowledge and details of his ])rofession, has a pleasing ]iersonality and is possessed of broad human sympathies. 1 lis name is a synonym of probity, honesty and ability. In political life. Judge Malsbary has always taken a keen and active interest in the affairs of the Republican party, and has rendered that party many valual)le services, particularly by his ])ublic addresses during many campaigns. His style of oratory is effective. His arguments are plain, direct and convincing, and he has the power of making a deep and lasting impression upon his audience. 4'hc hrst political office held by Judge Malsbary was Census Inumerator in Charles franklin malsbary. Cincinnati, o. Clermont County, in 1880. Ten years later he occupied the same position in Hamilton ('ounty. In the fall of 1904, after the death of Judge Nippert, he was appointed by Governor Herrick, Judge of the Probate Court of Hamilton County, < )hio. Having filled the position to the entire satisfaction of the people, he was elected at the November election of the same year for an une.xpired term by a plurality of 39,474, the greatest plurality ever given a candidate on any ticket in Ham- ilton ('ounty. In November, 1905, he was elected to a full term as Probate Judge, by a safe plurality, when all of the balance of the Reimblican ticket was defeated. At the expiration of this term of office, Mr. Malsbary retired to pri\'ate life and resumed the practice of his profession. Socially, Judge Malsbary is a 32nd degree Mason, an Odd Fellow and a member of the Sons of the Revolution. By recpiest of the Noyes-McC'ook G. A. R. PYst, Judge Malsbary has been made an Associate Member of that organization. Judge Malsl)ary is a meml)er of the Presbyterian Church, Imt is not in sympathy with all of the doctrines of that denomination. He resides at Rossmoyne, Ohio, ten miles north of Cincinnati, on a small farm. His offices are located in the Johnston Building, ( incinnati, ( )hio. Edwin Mansfield, Judge of the Common Pleas Court and a prominent member of the Richland County Bar, was l)orn in Ashland, Ohio, on the 9th nf June, 1891, and is the son of Martin H. and Anna Saeger Mansfield, the former a native of the State of New' ork and the latter of the State of Pennsylvania. Judge Mansfield received his education in the Ashland public schools and at Ashland College. After- wards for some time he was in the service of the Zanesville & Southeastern Railroad Company at Zanesville, returning to Ash- land in 1881. In the year following he removed to Shelby, Ohio, where he became the night clerk in the Junction Hotel. While serving in this capacity he began the study of the law with Skiles & Skiles. In 1889 , he was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of Ohio, taking up the practice of his chosen profession immediately after. Judge Mansfield was married in Octolier, 1891, to Miss Ada E. Davis Low. In 1889 he was elected Mayor of Shelby; he served as a member of the Board of Examiners ot the city .schools for a number of years, ]iart of the time as President of that body, and for many years he has filled the position of City Attorney of Shelby. Finally, he was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Socially, Judge Mansfield is a member ot the K. of P., of the Maccabees and the National Union. Fie resides at Mansfield, Richland County, Ohio. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1071 Charles C. Marshall, Special Attorney in the office of the Attorney General of Ohio, was born on the 30th day of April, 1876, at Sidney, the son of A. Logan Marshall and Mar- garet M’alker Marshall, both natives of Sidney, Ohio. Mr. Charles C. Marshall was educated in the public schools and high school of his native city, graduating from the latter school with the class of 1895, and in the fall of the same year he entered the Law Department of the Ohio State Lffiiversity, at Columbus, finishing the law course in June, 1898, at which time he was admitted to the bar. In November, 1906, Mr. Marshall was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Shelby County and entered upon the duties of the office in January, 1907. After the expiration of his first term of office he was re-elected to a second term in Novem- ber, 1908. Mr. Marshall has always been an artlent supporter of the doctrines of the Democratic party and has been Chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Shelby County for three terms. Secretary of the Democratic Central Committee of Shelby County for five terms, and Secretary of the Democratic State Executive Committee, 1908. He also was a delegate to the Democratic National Con\'ention at Den\-er, on July 7th, 1908. He is well known in fraternal circles and belongs to the following organ- izations: B. P. O. E. Lodge No. 786, Summit Lodge No. 50, K. of P., Miami Castle No. 6, Knights Golden Eagle, El Shereef Temple No. 32, D. O. K. K., Eagles, Sidney Aerie, and is Past District Deputy of Northern Ohio, of the Bene\'olent Protective Order of Elks of i\.merica. On the 19th of May, 1903, Mr. Marshall was married to Miss Alma F. \\’agner, of Sidnej', Ohio, to which marriage two children have been born, a daughter and son. He lives at 529 East Poplar Street, of his native city. CH.VRLES C. MARSH,\LL, SID.MEY. O. A leading member of the Bar of Columbiana County and formerh" Probate Judge at Lisbon, Ohio, is of Scotch ancestry, born in Jefferson Count}', Ohio. His father, \Mlliam McIntosh Martin, came with his parents to the United States in 1834, locating in Brush (Teek Township, Jefferson County, ()hio, on a farm which is still in the possession of the family. His mother was Isabel ITuciuart Martin, also of scotch descent. Judge Martin was not bedded on roses in his youthful days. He had to learn early to rely upon himself. His opportunity for education was meager, as he was forced to earn his own living. But, anxious to learn, he studied hard, often burning midnight oil, while laboring during the day on the farm and in the mill and mine. Sa\ ing his earnings and teaching school in winter, he worked himself through college, graduating at Mt. Union in 1876, Five years he then spent superintending union schools, three at Saline- \ille, Columbiana County, anrl two at West Salem, Wayne C'ounty, Ohio, He read law in the office of M'allace & Belingsley, at Lisbon, and, in 1882, was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of Ohio. He immediateh' took up the practice of his profession at Lisbon, in which he has been \'er}' successful. In his political belief. Judge Martin is an ardent Republican. He has served the people as Justice of the Peace, Mayor of Lisbon and Deputy Super\isor of elections of Columbiana County. In the fall of 1901 he was elected Probate Judge of Columbiana County, and re-elected in 1904. After completing his second term he resumed the practice of his profession at Lisbon, Ohio. In 1908, Judge Martin was one of the delegates to the Chicago Republican Na- JAMES A, MARTIN, LISBON, o. tional Con\'ention, helping to nominate Wm. H. Taft for the Presidency. He was selected by that Convention as the member from Ohio on the Committee to notify James S. Sherman of his nomination for \4ce-President of the Lhiited States. Judge iMartin was married to Miss Lillie Shearer, of Lisbon, Ohio, on the 21st of August, 1883. They had one daughter, Edith L., who died November 17, 1907, at the age of twenty years. Judge Martin has a large clientage and is known as one of the most successful trial lawyers in his section of the State. James A. Martin, David Meade Massie, Lawyer, of Chillicothe, Ohio, was born on the 26th of February, 1859, at Chillicothe, and is the son of Henry and Susan Burton Thompson Massie. He received his education at Princeton, from which University he graduated in 1880, with the degree of A. M. Later, in 1893, his Alma Mater conferred upon him the degree of LL. B. Upon leaving Princeton, Mr, Massie entered the Cin- cinnati Law School, graduating in 1882, when he was admitted to the bar. Since that time he has practiced his profession in Chilli- cothe, Ohio. He has served three succeeding terms as a Trustee of the Ohio State Luiiversity, being appointed to that position in 1890, 1893 and 1900. Senator Massie has always been a staunch Republican. He was elected to the Ohio State Senate in 1887, and again in 1889. In 1896 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention which nominated IMcKinley for the Presidency, and, from 1902 to 1909, he served as a member of the Spanish Treaty Claims Commission which took testimony on Cuba. He is a Director of the First National Bank, at Chillicothe, and Secretary and Treasurer of the Scioto Gazette Company and the iMarcus Beggs Estate Company. On the 6th of November, 1883, Senator Massie was married to Miss Juliet Matthews, of Co^■ington, Ky. During the campaign of 1910, Senator Massie was Chairman of the Speakers’ Bureau of the Republican State Executix'e Committee. Socially, he is a member of the Princeton (dub, the Columbus Club and the Middle Bass Club. He resides in Chillicothe, Ohio. Judge Hugh T, Mathers Was born at Sidney, Ohio, Alay 20, 1860. He attended the public schools there and was graduated from the high school in 1884. Thereafter he attended Princeton College, taking a special course and lea\'ing there in 1887 for the Alban\- (N. Y. ) Law School, whence he was graduated in 1888, receiving the degree of L. L. B. After jrassing the bar examination in that }'car and being admitted to practice he returned to Sidney and opened an office. He was soon thereafter elected Cit}' Solicitor, which position he held for two consecutive terms. Towards the end of his second term he became General Attornc}' for the Ohio Southern Railroad, with head- THE BOOK OF OHIO. t[uarters at Springfield, where he remained for several years and until he was given charge, in the same capacity, of the Legal Department of the Cleveland, Akron & Columbus Railway and removed his headquarters to Cleveland, where he continued in that capacity for l)oth railroads until they were absorbed l)y other interests. He then decided to re- turn to the general jiractice of the law and removed to Sidney, where he has since resided. In 1901 he was elected C'ommon Pleas Judge on the Democratic ticket, to fill an un- exi)ired term of three years, the opposing party presenting no candidate. In the fall of ]!)04 Judge Mathers was re-elected for a full term of five years, wdiich was extended by force of the legislation enacted t(j secure the election (jf judges in the even numbered \’ears, to the 1st of January, 1911. In 1910 he was again elected for a full term of six }'ears. In neither of these elections did he have any opposing candidate. Both of his grandfathers htiving been lawyers of ability and his father a leading lawyer of Western Ohio at the time of his death, in 1875, it is not strange that Judge Mathers should have soon de\eloped marked judicial ability. His judicial conduct is marked by a sense of fairness and impartiality, which, though firm, is courteous, and it seems always to be inqrressed with the desire to find the righteousness of a ciuestion and to decide accord- ingly. His grasp and application of legal principles appears intuiti\'e and comprehensive; his rulings are prompt and his opinions clear and con\ incing, showing e\ idences of ed- ucation and research that are illuminating and satisfactory. Judge Mathers traces his lineage to sturdy Pennsylvania stock. His maternal grandfather. Judge Hugh Thomj^son, was one of the early settlers of Shelby County; practiced law there; represented that county in the General Assemldy; was an associate Justice of the Court of Common Pleas under the old Constitution, and a member of the Constitutional Coiuenlion which reported the present (institution. His paternal grandfather, James Mathers, was one of the prom- inent lawyers of Central PennsyKania, practicing in Juniata and surrounding counties, and was a member of the State Senate. His father, John H. Mathers, was born at Miillintown, Juniata Count}', and reared there under the tutelage of the latter’s maternal grandfather, Rc\'. John llutchimson, a Godl}' and devoted Presbyterian minister, the mother of John H. having died while he was (|uite \'oung. John II. Mathers, the lather oi the subject of this sketch, was graduated at Jefferson College, Canonslnirg, Pa.; prac- ticed law at Miftlintown; was elected District Attorney of Juniata C'ounty anrl served in that capacity for one term when the lure of the West dimv him away. Judge Mathers, on h'ebruary 29, 1889, was united in marriage with Miss Louisa P. Beeson, of Uniontown, Pa., and they have two children, Hugh and Jeannette. True to the long Presbyterian line of which he comes, he is a member and officer of that church at Sidne}’. In 1909 Judge Mathers was nominated by his party for Judge of the Supreme Court, and again was nominated in 1908. In both elections the \’ote was so close that it took the official count to decide, and, while Governor Pattison w'as elected the first, time, and Governor Harmon the second, none of the candidates on the Democratic ticket below governor was elected either time except the Democratic Treasurer of State elected with Governor Harmon. Judge Mathers has a charming home on a hill, at Sidney, overlooking the beautiful valley of the Great Miami River. He has a large librar\- of choice books and writes occasionally for the magazines. His home life is ideal. He has always been interested in l)ublic questions, and especially active in promoting the welfare of his native city. As an evidence of his public spirit he was unan- imousl}- elected President of the Commercial Club, an association of the business and professional men of Sidney for public and social ])urposes, he having been one of the organizers of the clul). Tall, a model of physical health, with no inclination for those convivialities which undermine manly vigor even if he had time, making the most of his opportunities and clinging with parental fondness to the home of his nativity, discharging every duty with unwavering fidelity and still in the jirime of life, a long continuance of his honorable career is big with promise and is richly deserved. Conrad J. Mattern, A leading member of the Montgomery County Bar, was born on the 14th of October, 1899, at Pomeroy, Meigs County, (Jhio. His father, Conrad Mattern, was a native of (dermany and emigrated with his parents to the United States in 1851, settling in Meigs County, where he l)ecame engaged in the l)uilding trade. During the Civil War he served his adopted country for three years in the West Virginia C'avalry. The mother of Mr. Conrad J. Mattern, Mrs. Elizabeth Weller Mattern, w'as born in Ohio. Pier people were farmers and they belonged to the early settlers of the Buckeye State. Mr. Conrad J. Mattern was educated in the common and high schools of Pomeroy, from which latter institution he graduated in 1888. In the same year he came to Dayton, and entered, as a law student, the office of Gottschall & Brown, one of the most prominent law firms of the Gem City. Later Mr. Mattern attended the well known Cincinnati Law School, of which Governor Cox was then dean, and graduated from that college in 1891. At the age of 22 years he started in public life as a deputy clerk of the Montgomery County Courts, remaining in that position from 1892 until 1895, when he was elected Clerk of the Courts. He served in that capacity for a period of three years. At the exi>iration of his term of office he took up the practice of his chosen profession, in which he has been continuously engaged ever since and in which he Ijecame very successful. He now is a member of the law firm of Mattern & Brumbaugh, with offices in the Connover Building, Dayton, Ohio. Mr. Mattern has always been a staunch Republican and has served his party as well in the committee rooms as on the stump. He is a forceful and logical speaker and his arguments carry the weight of conviction. For a number of years he has been a member of the Montgomery C'ounty Executive Committee. Socially, he is a Mason and a member of the Sons of Veterans. He was married on the 28th of June, 1893, to Miss Jesse G. Whitehurst, of Dayton. Two children have blessed their union. Henry B. McClure, A member of the well known law firm of Giauque & McClure, at Cincinnati, Ohio, is a native of hlorida, Missouri, and was born on the 9th of September, 1847. His father, Henry S. McClure was a Virginian of Scotch-Irish descent. He was engaged in the build- ing and contracting business in Virginia and later at Lexington, Mo. Mr. McClure’s ancestors on both sides came to this countr}- many generations ago. He received his education in the private schools of Lexington, Mo., and at the Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio, from Avhich institution he graduated in 1871, being one of the honor men of his class, after completing a classical course. He afterwards finished his literary training at the celebrated University of Goettingen and Leipsic, Germany. Returning to his native THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1073 country, he was elected Superintendent of the public schools of Glendale, Hamilton County, Ohio, holding that position from 1875 to 1880. While thus engaged he studied law under direction of Mr. Florien Giauque, and was admitted to the bar in 1880, when he immediately took up the practice of his chosen profession, becoming a member of the firm of Giauque & McClure. In politics, Mr. McClure is a Democrat of the Jefferson type, and has served his party in many capacities. From 1888 to 1894 he served as Mayor of Glendale, being elected for three succeeding terms. Later he served as Solicitor of that village for one term. Mr. McClure is ranked as an able lawyer, and is joint author with Mr. Giauque of “Dower, Courtesy, Annuities,’’ and of “Present Value Tables,’’ works of great merit. In 1889 he was married to Anna, daughter of the late Frank Douglass, of Cincinnati, who died in 1891, leaving one child, a boy. In June, 1894, he was united in marriage to Rebecca Bowen, daughter of Enoch Bowen, of Carroll County, Indiana, by which union he has one child, a son. The family attend West- minster Presbyterian Church, Cincinnati. Mr. McClure’s law offices are located in the Carlisle Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. William Roudebush Medaris, HENRY B. McClure. Cincinnati, o Attorney at Law and Special Assistant United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois, is a native of Clermont County, Ohio, being born on the third of August, 1875, at Owensville, the son of Dr. L. H. Medaris and Mrs. Ella Roudebush Medaris. Dr. Medaris was a leading physician in Clermont County for twenty-five years and re- moved to Cincinnati when his son \Wlliam was seventeen years of age. Mr. W’illiam R. Medaris received his early education at the high schools of Batavia, after which he attended Woodward High School, at Cincinnati, from which Institution he was grad- uated in 1894. He took up the study of law at the well known Cincinnati Law School, under the tutorship of Ex-Governor Cox, John R. Sage, Henry B. Morrill and other famous instructors and was graduated with honors and chosen one of three speakers at the com- mencement exercises of his class In 1897, receiving from this college the degree of B. A. At the age of 24, Mr. Medaris started public life as Solicitor of the village of Mil- ford, Ohio, at the same time practicing law with the firm of Bromwell & Bruce. In 1906 he was appointed to the responsible position of Special Counsel to the Attorney General of Ohio, being chosen by the Hon. Wade H. Ellis, for special duties in connection with the then new corporation tax measures of the state. As \illage Solicitor, Mr. Medaris was instrumental in increasing the territory and income of the Special School District and in his position as Special Counsel to the Attorney General he made the franchise tax laws effective against foreign corporations and added large sums of money to the State Treasury. In 1909 Mr. Medaris left his position in Ohio to accept the position he now holds as Special Ihiited States Attorney at ('hicago, to which position he was appointed by Attorney General Bonaparte. WILLIAM R. MEDARIS, CHICAGO, ILL. Of LTbana, Ohio, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, Second Sub-Di\ision, Second Judicial District of Ohio, was born on the 19th of Ajiril, 1854, in Wayne Township, Cham- paign County, Ohio. He is the son of John and Mary McCuml)er Middleton, the for- mer, natl\'e ot Brown County, Ohio, the latter, native of New York State. Judge Middleton is of English and Scotch descent. His ancestry In this country leading back prior to the War of the Revolution, in which some of his paternal ancestors participated. Judge Middleton received his education in the public schools. At the age of sixteen years he began teaching, and for a period of eight years taught school in Champaign County, Ohio. During this time he studied law, and, with his brother, Arthur N. Middleton, was admitted to practice by the Supreme Court of Ohio, in October, 1879. Upon his admission to the bar, together with his brother, they opened an office in Urbana, under the firm name of Middleton & Middleton. This partnership con- tinued ten years and until the death of Arthur N. Continuing in the practice until the 5th of September, 1901, Judge Middleton was appointed by Governor Nash to succeed Common Pleas Judge Clarence B. Heiserman, who had resigned the office. Since then he has been elected twice to succeed himself. Judge Middleton has always been a Repuldican. He ser\-ed as Prosecuting Attor- ney of Champaign County from 1883 to 1889, and in November, 1899, was elected State Senator from the 11th Senatorial District. This position he resigned when appointed Judge of the Common Pleas Court. In 1892 Judge Middleton served, by appointment of the Supreme Court, as examiner of that year’s class of the Cincinnati Law School. On the 29th of December, 1875, he was married to Miss Zeppa Rippetoe, daughter of William and Martha Rippetoe. Mrs. Middleton died on the 3rd of November, 1901, leaving three children of this marriage: Lucie E., wife of Attorney A. Jay Miller, of Bellefontaine; William R., with the W. H. Anderson Company, publishers of law books, Cincinnati, Ohio, and George S., at present a student at the Ohio State LTnIversity. Judge Middleton was married a second time on the 29th of June, 1904, to Ella Ci. Sullivan, daughter of William and Martha Sulli\'an, of Norwood, Ohio. evan p. middleton, urbana. o. Evan Perry Middleton, 1074 THE BOOK OF OFIIO. Lindley Warren Morris, Of 'I'olcdo, our of tin- leading- mcnihcrs of ihe Lucas County Bar and formerly Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, first sub- di\ision ol the l'(.)urth Judicial District ol Ohio, was liorn on the Ihth of October, 1853, in ( olumbiana Cfjunty, near Alliance, Ohio. His father, Thomas C. Morris, was a nati\e of Washington County, Pa.; his mother, Minerva J. Preston Morris, was born in Columbiana County, ( )hio. Judge Morris is of (Quaker ancestry. His great-great- grandfather, Jonathan Morris, emigrated from W'ales to America in the middle of the eighteenth century, and having married Mary West, an elder sister of Benjamin M'est, the lamous artist and President of the Rcjyal Academy of Fine 7\rts, settled in Chester Count \, Pa. Judge Morris’ lather, Thomas (’. Morris, enlisted in the Union service at the opening of the War of the Rebellion in 18()1, iis a member of the famous infantry regiment of Benton Cadets. When the regiment disbanded in the spring of 18(52, he was second sergeant of ('omi)any B. I le re-enlisted into the service and was commissioned Captain ol Company K, 80th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was with the W estern Army imdi-r Crtuit and Sherman, at Vickslturg, Chattanooga, Atlanta, and the march to the sea. When he returned home in August, 18(55, after having been in constant service for four years and four months, he held the rank of colonel of the 80th Regiment O. V. I. Judge Morris was educated in the country and village schools and at Oberlin College. 1 le worked his way through college by teaching in country schools in winter and engaging in such other work as was at hand during vacations. He graduated from Oberlin with the cla.ss of 1878, receiving the degree ol A. B. Judge Morris started in public life at the age ol si.xteen years as Chief Deputy Sheriff of Columbiana C’ounty, Ohio, under his lather. Colonel Morris, who was elected Sheriff in 18(59 and 1871, holding office for a |)eriod ol tour years. He also servmd for a few months in the same cai)acity under his riM5i-i V vv. MORRIS. loLi n), o. lather’s successor in oftice. Though under age and having only the e.xperience of a farmer boy, and being olteii calk'd upon to act in matters re(|uiriug gcxxl judgment, tact and courage, no official act of his ever- received criticism or ceusuri'. After leaving college he studied law in Lisbon, Ohio, and was admitted to jrractice in May, 1880, and im- mediatelv' took u]) the |)ractice ol his chosen ])rofession at Toledo, Ohio, where he has resided since. Judge Morris has always been a Rcptiblicau. lie was a member ol the ('onunou Council of Toledo, from A])ril, 1891 to October, 1894; President of Coitncil from ,\|)ril, 1S03 to .Ai)ril, 1S94; he resigned from the ('ouncil in October, 1894 to take the positioti of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, to which he was elected in November, 1893. In 1898, and again in 1903, he was re-elected to the same position. He retired to private practice at tlu' expiration of his third term of office, in 1909. His splendid work on the bench has met vvdth great ap- proval. Ill' h.is been es]K'cially commended for reforms in trials of divorce cases and sentences of vdolators of the so-called Valentine .Anti- I'nist Laws, to terms ol si.x months imprisonment. He passed such sentence upon twenty-two prominetit and wealthy citizens in one day. Socially, Jtidge Morris is a member of the National Union, being a charter member of Nasby Coitncil 2(541, Toledo. ( )n the 27lh of December, 1894, he was married to Miss Fannie Alay Darling, a nativ^e and resident till marriage, of Hyde Park, ALiss. I'vvo children, Lindley W. Jr. and Hattie 1)., are the fruit of their union, one child, Wdllis IL, havdng died in infancy. Judge Morris resides iit 32(54 Collingvvood Avenue, Toledo, ()hio. John Wilbur Mooney, Allornev at Law, Columbus, ()hio, was born in Belmont ('ounty, ( )hio, and is the son of David C. Moonev', a tanner, and (darissa F. Cladden Mooney, both nativ^es ol Ohio. Hi' is of Scotch descent. Mr. Moonev' was educated at the Ohio Wesleyan Univ^ersity, Delaware, ( )hio, and at the Cincinnati Law School, graduating from the latter in 1879, when he took up the general practice ol law at Columbus, (). He is considered to be an .luthoritv on corporation and lire insuixmi'c laws. In ])olitics, Mr. A'looney has always bei'ii a Ri'publican, but never as|iired lorolfice. (lutsideol his leg^ll business, Mr. Mooney is a stockholder and director in a number ol financial and industrial enterprises. He was married in 1S95, to Miss I'rancis F. Hauser. Mr. Mooney resides at 1505 East Broad Street. His offices are located at the hirst National Bank Building, ( 'olumlnis, ( )hio. JOHN W MOO.XEY, COLUMBUS, O I, RAN I I' MOLISLR, MARION, () Grant F. Mouser, ( )ne of the leading attorneys of Central ( )hio, and former member of L'ongress from the 13th Ohio Congressional Dis- trict, was born on the 11th ol Sejitember, 18(18, at LaRue, A'larion County, Ohio, and is the son of Dr. J. A. and Sarah DeLong Mouser. On both sides of the family Mr. Alouser comes from pioneer stock, his grandfather, Isaac Adouser, a Virginian liy birth, having settled in Marion County when the state was still in its in- fanev. Dr. J. A. Mouser, Mr. Mouser’s father, was a surgeon in the Civil War. Mr. Mouser was educated in the luiblic schools of Vlarion, at the ()hio Normal University, at Ada, and at the Cincinnati Law School, from which he graduated. Taking up the ivrai'tice of his chosen i)rofession in Marion, he soon became recognized as a v^ery able exponent of the law. In the fall of 1892, he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Marion County, and in the following year was his party’s candidate for City Solicitor. In 1904, and again in 190(1, he was elected to Congress from the 13th Ohio District. He has been a faithful Republican all his mature life, (dn the 28th of November, 1892, Mr. Mouser was married to A4iss Della F. Ridgway. 1 hree children were born to them. Fraternally, A4r. Adouser is a K. of P. and tm Elk. Fie resiiles at Marion, Ohio. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1075 Michael Sylvester Murray, A prominent lawyer of Madison County, Ohio, with offices at London, ()hio, hrst saw the light of day on the 1st of January, 1856, in Stokes Township, Madison County. His parents, Martin Murray and Bridget Roddy Murray were both natives of Ireland, ha\- ing emigrated to the United States in 1848 and 1850 respectively. Mr. Michael S. Mur- ray was educated in the schools of his home county, at private schools in Springheld and the Normal School, Lebanon, Ohio, graduating from the latter institution in 1876. He taught school for several years, reading law during this period and was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of Ohio in 1884. He immediately took up the general practice of law and is now recognized to be one of the most able attorneys of his nati\'e county. He also is a Director of the London Exchange Bank. Mr. Murray has always been a faithful Democrat, taking an active part in the affairs of his ]:>arty. He was a candidate for Common Pleas Judge in the second sub-(li\'ision of the Fifth Judicial Dis- trict, on the L4emocratic ticket, at the election of 1908, and carried Madison County by 152 plurality, while Taft had a majority of 621, but was defeated in the whole district by a small margin. On the 22nd of November, 1881, IMr. Murray was united in marriage to Miss xAnna Gallagher. Three children, Mayme, Frank J. and John Fmmet are the issue of their marriage. Mr. Murray and family attend St. Patrick’s Roman Catholic Church at London, in which pretty city they also reside. Simeon Nash, MICH.VEL S. MURRAY. LONDON, O. Of Columbus, Ohio, is a prominent member of the younger element of the Franklin County Bar. The name Nash has long figured conspicuously in connection with the jurisprudence in Ohio. Simeon Nash, his grandfather, in whose honor he was named, was one of the distinguished lawyers and jurists of Ohio, widely known as the author of “Code Pleadings” and other legal works; while on the bench he gained distinction as one of the ablest and most impartial jurists whose records have graced the Ohio Courts. His father, also named Simeon Nash, was a prominent lawyer of Gallipolis, Ohio. He comes of the same ancestry as the late Go\'ernor Nash. His father married Minerva Tupper Nye, a native of Zanesville, Ohio, and a descendant of General Benjamin Tupper, one of the first settlers of Marietta, Ohio. It was in the Putnam Military .Academy, at Zanesville, that Simeon Nash, now of Columbus, pursued his education until he completed the course by graduation with the class of 1895. He afterwards entered the Ohio State University and receiving the degree of A. B. in 1901 and in 1904 recei\'ing the degree of LL. B. At his graduation he carried off the prize offered for the best thesis — a set of the American and English Encyclopedia — f)ffered by the Edward Thompson Publishing House. Being admitted to the bar he took up the practice of law in C'olumbus. He was at first associated with the firm of Merrick & Williams, and has continued this associa- tion with the succeeding firms of Williams & Taylor, and Williams, Williams & Taylor. At present the firm name is Williams, Williams, Ta\ lor & Nash. Mr. Nash is widely known in military circles, as a member and recently commissioned Second Lieutenant of Troop B, of the Ohio National Guard. He is a member of the Franklin County Bar Association and the Ohio Bar Association. He is a Mason and also holds membership in the Columbus Riding Club. His law office is located in the Ruggery Building, Columbus, Ohio. SIMEON NASH, COLUMBUS, O. Frederick C. Niederhelman, Attorney at Law, at Cincinnati, Ohio, is one of the best known younger members of the Hamilton County Bar. He comes from German stock. His father, Mr. Ernst Nieder- helman, who was a shoemaker by trade, emigrated from his native country, Westphalcn, Germany, to the Lhiited States in 1858. He took part in the Civil War, fighting for the preservation of the Lhiion. Mr. Frederick C. Niederhelman was born on the 30th of January, 1874, In Cincinnati. .After pursuing a course of study through the public schools of his native city he entered actively into business life as a stockkeeper with the firm of H. & S. Pogue, remaining in that position until 1893. He subsequently took a position in the office of Judge Otto Pfleger, where he commenced the study of law. De- ciding to make the legal profession his life’s work, he matriculated at the Cincinnati Law School and graduated from there in 1897 with high honors, having received a prize of $75.00 for highest average (96.9%). Mr. Niederhelman was admitted to practice in the same year. When Judge Otto Pfleger was elected to the Common Pleas bench of Hamilton County he transferred his practice to Mr. Niederhelman. The latter is a staunch Republican but has never held any political office. He is an enthusiastic mem- ber of the Stamina Republican League, of the National Union and of the Sons of Veterans, in which latter organization he has held the position of Judge .Advocate for the Ohio Division. His offices are located In the Johnston Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. Carl L. Nippert, Deceased, who during a life of usefulness was one of the leading citizens of Cincinnati, Frederick c. niederhelm.vn. cincinn.ati. o. was born in 1854, at Frankfurt-on-the-Maine. His parents were natives of Germany. The family emigrated from Oberndorf, near Woerth, .Alsace, to .America, in 1830, and settled in Alonroe County, Ohio. The father, when still a young man, came to Cincinnati, where he became a minister of the gospel. Later he returned to Germany and worked J07() T?IE BOOK OF OHIO. in the interest of tlie German Methodist Episcopal Church and as President of the Theo- logical Seminary in Frankfurt-on-the-Main. Mr. Ni]:»pert received a thorough education at the (fynmasiuni, and at the Universities at Zuerich, Freiburg and Carlsruhe, paying es|)ecial attention to the studies of Mathematics, Natural Science and Fanguages. He married Miss Eliza Hitschrich, of Carlsruhe, and, when 24 years of age, returned to the United States and settled in Philadelphia, where he was offered and accepted a lucrative jMisition with the Centennial Commission in charge of the Centennial Exposition, held in the (Juaker City in 187(i. At the close of the exposition he came to Cincinnati, where for a number of years he was teacher and principal in the public schools. During this time, Mr. Nippert t(jok up the study of law, attended the Cincinnati Faw School, from which institution he graduated in 18!)1. Being admitted to the bar he immediately took up the iM'actice of his chosen profession, in which he became pre-eminently success- ful. In 18t»4 Mr. Nipi)crt was appointed Prosecuting Attorney of the Cincinnati Police Court by Mayor ('aldwell, Indding that position for three years, when he resumed his l>ri\-ate ])ractice and became associated with Mr. Powell, under the firm name of Nii)i)ert N Powell. In 1891), Mr. Nip])ert was elected State Senator, and, upon his return from Columbus, he was ap[)ointed a member of the Cincinnati Board of Education. In 1901 he was elected Fieutenant Covernor of Ohicj, filling that office until PH)2, when he resigned to enter upon his duties as Probate Judge of Hamilton County, to which office he had been elected at the previous election. He died on the 5th of Septemljer, 1904. Mr. Nil)pert was married twice. After the death of his hrst wife he was united in marriage ( AKi 1, NiPPi Ri.( iNc iNNAii.o. with M iss Kate Brill. Mr. Nii)pert was a man of sj:)lendid attainments, upright in all his dealings and of an immaculate character. He was a brilliant speaker, forceful and com incing in his arguments, and an ideal, ])ublic spirited citizen. His premature death caused sincere grief, not only in his native cit\-, but all o\er the State of Ohio. Samuel Galloway Osborn, judge of the Police Court of ('olumbus, Ohio, is a native of Columbus, born on the 27th of Pel )ruary, 1871. His father, C'has. F. Osborn, was a well known dry goods merchant of th(' Ca])ital City of Ohio. Mr. Samuel C. Osborn was educated in the Columbus public schools and afterward entered the Law Department of the Ohio State University, from calub h norris. marion, o. which he graduated in 18f)7. He wars admitted to the bar the same year and was associ- ated in general practice with Congressman Taylor, until electcfl to the office of Police Judge. Judge Osborn was married to Miss Marietta Cole, a daughter of Mr. Wendell Cade, of C'olumbus. Socially, Mr. Osl)orn is a Mason, an Elk, a member of the Olen- tangy Clul) and the Buckeye Club, the Republican Club and the Phi Delta, a legal frater- nity. He is also connected with the Franklin Bar Association. Politically, Judge Osborn has always been a faithful Republican. He was elected to his present position at the Municipal election of 1907. He is considered to l)e a model judge. Judge Osborn attends St. Paul’s Episcopal Church and resides at No. 99 North Champion Street, Columbus, O. Caleb II. Norris, ( )ne of the most prominent members of the Marion County Bar, was born on the 29th of September, 1850, in Marion County, ( )hio, the son of Daniel Norris and Rosanna French .Norris, tlu' lormer being a natix'e of ( )hi(j and the latter of Virginia. Judge Norris was reared and educated in his native county. After his admission to the bar he took up the practice ot his chosen profession in which he has been very successtul. In politics, he has been a life long Democrat and has rendered his ])arty valuable services. For eight N’ears he iilled the office of Prosecuting Attorney of Marion County. In January, 1885, he was a.ppointed Common Pleas Judge of the second sub-division. Tenth District, em- bracing the counties of Marion, Crawford and Wyandotte, by Covernor George Hoadly. Subseciueiitly he was elected three terms to the Common Pleas bench and served con- tinuoush' until the 9th of I'ebruary, 1897, when he, lieing elected Circuit Judge, became the incumbent of that distinguished office. Judge Norris served in that branch of the ( )hio Judiciary lor two terms, after which he resumed his private practice. Judge Norris is closeh' identified with many industrial and manufacturing enterprises in his home county. He resides in Marion, Ohio. I'R.ANK V. A. OWEN. Ml'. VERNON. O. Frank Van Amburg Owen, ( )ne of the most successful and prominent lawyers of Mt. Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, was born on the 17th of February, 1857, in Middleliury Township, Knox County, Ohio, and is the son of Gilbert Ray and Elizabeth Green Owen. His grandfather, Warren ()wen, removed from Vermont to Ohio, early in the 18th century and settled in Middle- bury Township. Mr. Owen’s father, Gilbert Ray Owen, was a veteran of the Mexican War. Mr. Frank V. Owen received his education in the Waterford, Ohio Academy and at the (4hio State Normal School at Worthington, (Jhio, from which latter institution he graduated in 1876. He then taught school for about three years in Waterford, Knox County, and in country schools in Delaware County. In 1879 he opened a general store at Waterford, Kno.x County, which he sold in 1881, and then ojK'iied a like store at Fred- ericktown, Ohio, but disposed of the business about eighteen months later, and ha\ing determined to follow the legal profession, read law with Cooper & Moore and Wm. M. Koons, of Mt. Vernon. Fie was admitted to the bar in 1884, and began practice at Fred- THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1077 ericktown, where he remained fi\"e years, when he removed to Mt. Vernon, where he engaged in the general practice of law. He is said to have been attorney on one side or the other in probably a greater variety of cases than any other lawyer in Knox County. He was attorney for the defendants in the George Houck and Frank Hildreth murder trials; for the Lingerfelters, of Newark, Ohio, when tried in the famous bank-wrecking cases; for Louis Boulton, for the murder of Carl Etherington, a dry detective, who was lynched by a mob on July 8th, 1910; Boulton being acquitted, and was attorney for the plaintiff in Chas. Sharp vs. C., & C. Railroad, a personal damage case, in which he secured a verdict of .810,000, which was upheld in all higher courts. Mr. Owen also has secured many large verdicts in personal injury cases against railroads, which have made him famous as a successful practitioner in Central Ohio. When only twenty-one years of age, Mr. Owen was elected justice of the Peace of iMiddlebury Township; he served as Mayor of Fredericktown during 188.5-188(5, and was a representative in the Ohio General Assembly from Knox County during 1888-1889. He was author of a law passed by the General Assemldy known as the “Owen Sunday Closing Law,” which closed saloons on Sun- day. Mr. Owen has always been active in Republican politics and has served as delegate to many State and County Conventions. In 1908 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention, and has been a member of the Republican State Executive Committee for over four years, and Chairman of the Knox County P..epublican Committee for twelve years. In 1908, the Republican candidate for Congress from the Fourteenth Ohio Congressional District resigned almost on the eve of election and the Committee substituted Mr. Owen, and while he was defeated, made a remarkable run considering the short time in which he had to make a cam- paign. Mr. Owen is President of the Guaranty Savings Bank & Trust Company, of Mt. Wrnon, and has made that institution a success. Mr. Owen's father died when he was but six years of age, and being poor had to make his own way in the world, and what- ever he has done it has been by his own efforts. He is a self-made man in the true sense of the word. Socially, Mr. Owen is a mem- ber of the K. of P. Mr. Owen was married on the 12th of December, 1894, to Bessie M. Johnson, of Mt. Wrnon. Two sons, Charles S. and Robert K. Owen, and two daughters, Elizabeth and Isabelle Owen, have been the fruit of his marriage. John Shannon Parrott, One of the leading members of the Bar of Clermont County, was born on the 4th of Sep- tember, 1840, at Mt. Vernon, Knox County, Ohio. His father, Edmund Parrott, was a native of Pennsylvania, and came with his father’s family to Knox County, Ohio, when thirteen years of age. His mother was born in Knox County. Judge Parrott’s ancestors came originally from England, Wales, Switzerland and Alsace, Germany, then France. His great grandfather on his father’s side, Adam Stigers, and his son, Baltus Stigers, served in the War of the Revolution from Hunterdin County, New Jersey. His maternal great grandfather, Minera LeFe\ re, enlisted in the struggle for American Independence from Morris County, New Jersey, and was l)adly wounded at the battle of Monmouth, hear Philadelphia, in June, 1778. Christopher Columbus Parrott, a first cousin of his great grandfather, Nicholas Parrott, was Colonel of a \’irginia Regiment under Wash- ington, and was badly wounded at the battle of Monmouth. His grandfather, John Parrott, served in the War of 1812 when the British captured Washington, and his brother Andrew Parrott was killed in that war. His maternal grandfather, William LeFevre, also served in the War of 1812. He was with General Harrison on Lake Erie. It was only natural that the famih' took an active part in the war with Mexico, in 1846-1847, and that they were largely represented in the Union Army from 1861 to I860. They also furnished a few soldiers for the Army of the Southern Confederacy. And when the war with Spain broke out, the Parrott family again furnished a number of soldiers for active service, among them Edmund K. and Dale K. Parrott, two sons of Judge John Shannon Parrott. The descendents of Judge Parrott’s four great grandfathers, Parrott, LeFevre, Stigers and Price, now number more than 1500 li\dng persons in the United States. Judge Parrott was educated in the district schools near Mt. Vernon, and attended Mt. Vernon High School for a period of three years, but did not graduate, as he went to teaching school in his native county at the age of twenty years. He remained in that profession until 1874, ha\'ing spent the last fi\'e years of that time as Principal of the public schools of Felicity, Clermont County, Ohio. After his admission to the bar before the Supreme Court of Dhio, having studied Blackstone law while engaged in the teaching profession, Judge Parrott entered upon the practice of law, in which he was itre-em- inently successful. Judge Parrott is a Democrat of the Jeffersonian School in National politics, and he has voted for every 1 )emo- cratic candidate for the Presidency from George B. McClellan, In 1864, to William J. Bryan, in 1968. In local politics he is iitfle- pendent and votes for the best men on either ticket. He has always been ready to ser\-e his party In any capacit>' when called upon, in the committees as well as on the stump. There are few men in Dhio of Judge Parrott’s age, who ha\-e made as many s[)eeches on all kinds of subjects as the Judge has done during his eventful career. He was elected Clerk of the Courts in Clermont Cotmty, in October, 1875, and filled that office from the first Monday in February, 1876, to 1879. After retiring from that office, the judge took up his private practice at Batavia, in which he remained until he was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the first sub-di\-ision of the Fifth Judicial District of Ohio. He entered upon the duties of that office on the 15th of October, 1898, was re-elected without opposition, in November, 1962, and served until the first of January, 1969. He then took a well earned rest, spending the winter of 1969 on the Isthmus of Panama with his daughter, whose husband is an engineer under the Canal Commission. Judge Parrott is a pulilic-spirited man who always has the interests of the people at heart. He was Chairman of the Committee of Arrange- ments of the “Home Coming” in Clermont County in 1967, at which time a cannon was dedicated at Point Pleasant, Clermont County, to the memory of General U. S. Grant at the place of his birth. Judge Parrott united with (Duinders Lodge No. 316, I. O. O. F., at Mt. Vernon, Ohio, in 1864. He joined the Batavia Lodge of F. & A. M. No. 164, in 1877, and has served in most of the stations in both orders, and was High Priest in the Batavia Masonic Chapter No. 112. During the Ci\dl War he was elected Cap- tain of Company G., 2nd Regiment Knox County Ohio Militia, on the 4th of July, 1863, and elected Major of the same regiment in .'\ugust of 1863, duly commissioned as both by Governor Todd of Ohio. On the 26th of June, 1871, Judge Parrott was married to Miss May B. Kennedy, at Felicity, Clermont County. Mrs. Parrott passed away to eternal rest on the 13th of .August, 1967. Four children blessed their union, three of whom are living; Edmund K., Parrott, a lawyer, Batavia, O., Dale K. Parrott, who is em[)loyed in the Legal Department of the United States General Land Office, at Washington, D. C., and Louise K., who married Rolland A. Norton, Canal Zone, Isthmus of Panama. Judge Parrott is a member of the First Presbyterian Church at Batavia, Ohio, and an Elder in that church for more than twenty years, and Clerk of its Session for fifteen years. He resides at Batavia, Ohio. 1078 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Thomas Barbour Paxton, ( )nc of the best known lawyers of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 4th of June, 1835, (ni a farm near LoNeland, Ohio. Tlie family came originally from Virginia. The farm was settled by his grandfather, and Mr. Paxton as well as his father were born there, d'he grandfather took part in the war of the Revolution and was made Lieutenant Col- onel. Later he served in General Wayne’s army and fought in the battle of Fallen rimbers, which destroyed the Indian Supremacy in Ohio. Mr. T. B. Paxton was ed- ucated in the pul)lic schools of ('lermont County and at the Ohio Wesleyan University, from which he graduated. He then taught school for one year, studying at the same time law in the office of Tilden, Bairden & Curwen, at Cincinnati. He later attended the Cincinnati Law School and graduated in 1858. After his admission to the bar, Mr. Paxton immediately became engaged in the practice of his chosen profession, and associated with Isaac B. Matson. The young firm occupied the old office of George H. Pendleton, who transferred his business over to them. The firm continued until 1874, when Mr. Matson was elected Probate Judge of Hamilton County. In 1875, Mr. Paxton associated with Mr. John \\h Warrington, under the firm name of Paxton & Warrington, which linn became most prominent among the legal profession of Cincinnati. The parlnershi]) continued until 1909, when Mr. Warrington was ap])ointed Judge of the United States Court of Appeals. Mr. Paxton has always been a staunch Democrat and has sened his party in many capacities. In 1873 he was elected County Solicitor, de- feating Mr. Nicholas Longworth. Later he served on the Board of Aldermen and as a iiioM\.s le i>.Axi()N, ( iNciNNAi I, < ). Director of the Cincinnati Workhouse. In 1886 he was appointed by Governor Foraker a member of the Board of Trustees of the O. S. & S. O. H., at Xenia, serving many years. 1 le also was President of the Board part of that time. In 1887 he was appointed a mem- ber of the Board ol 'Trustees which had charge of the building of the Cincinnati City Hall. It was an honorary position, as the t rustees receix'ed no com])ensation for their arduous labors. In 1874, Mr. Paxton was married to Miss Mary Wharton. Two children, 'Thos. B. Paxton and Tdoixaice W. Paxton were the truit of their union. Mr. Paxton’s law offices are located in the Citizens’ Bank Building, TOurth and Main Streets, Cincinnati, ( )hio. Elliott Hunt Pendleton, l.aw\i‘r, ol Cincinnati, ( )hio, was born on the 8th of December, 1859, in Cincinnati, the son of Mr. Elliott Hunt Pendleton and Mrs. limma Gaylord Pendleton, natives of Ohio and Pennsylvania, respectively. Mr. Pendleton was educated in Europe, at the Chirkering Institute, Cincinnati, and at Harvard University, graduating from that institution in 1882, with the degree of A. B. ()ulside ol his legal duties, Mr. Pendleton is interested in the Citizens’ Bulletin, Cincinnati, a weekly journal flevoted to the beltermenl of municipal government, of which he is editor and projirietor. Mr. Pendleton is independent in politics. Eor a number of >’ears he has been one of the Trustees of the University of Cincinnati. On the 4th of June, 1885 he was married to Miss Isabella ( '.ibson hickstein. 'Three children have blessed their union, Mrs. Harriet Pendleton Hunt, Isabella Eckstein Pendleton and T'.lliolt Hunt Pendleton, Jr. 'The family attend the Second Presbyterian Church, now Church of the Covenant, Cincinnati, Ohio. Buchanan Perin, Law and ( ieneral Shorthand Reporter, was born on the 3rd of Ko\'ember, I860, at New- |)ort, K\-. 1 lis lather, Lyman Perin, was a native of Perin’s Mills, Ohio, while his mother, Mrs. Mar>’ hi. Buchanan Perin was born in Portsmouth, Ohio, but li^’ing in Newport, K>’. at the time oi her marriage. 'The hrst of the Perin’s who settled in the new w-orld w.is John Perin, who came from T'mgland in 1635. The family lived in the New England Stales, and some of Mr. Buchanan Perin’s ancestors took part in the War of the Revo- lution and in the War ol 1812. Mr. Perin was educated in the Cincinnati public schools and at W'oodward High School, graduating trom the latter in 1880. He then attended the Cincinnati Law School, from which he graduated in 1882, with the degree of L. B. He has followed his ])resent profession since 1883, and has been employed in many im- portanl cases. T'rom 1905 to 1908, Mr. Perin was Official Reporter lor the United States Courts, Eastern District ol Kentucky. In ])olitics, Mr. Perin is a RepuT)lican; socially, he belongs to the Masonic and Odd Eellows Fraternities. During the existence of Troop B., First ( )hio ('a\ alry, Mr. Perin was connected with that organization. On the 23rd of .\pril, 1891), he was united in marriage with Miss Lulu E. Carson, of Cheviot. Mrs. Perin died, lea\ ing one son, Eouis Carson Perin. In January, 1900, Mr. Perin was mar- ried to Miss Lamonde Harding, of C'incinnati, who departed some years ago. His third marriage was with IMiss Lauda E. Williamson, of Hartwell, to whom he was married on the 15th of April, 1909. The family reside in Hartwell, Hamilton County, Ohio. Mr. Perin’s ot'hces are located in the Tdrst National Bank Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. BUCItANAN PERIN, CINCINNATI, O, William H. Phipps, Attorney at Law at Paulding, Ohio, aiul former Ohio State Insi)ector of Oils, was born on the 16th of August, 1864, at Caldwell, ( )hio. His father was a native of PennsyKania and his mother of Ohio. His mother’s father was the oldest Tree Mason in the world when he died, he having been a Mason for eighty years. His father was one of the men who organized the Republican ])arty in (Jhio, and he has always taken a very active interest in the affairs of that party. In 1879 he campaigned Southeastern ( )hio with Garheld. He is still li\'ing. Mr. Philips obtained his education at the common schools and North Western Ohio Univer- sit\’. He studied law, and in 1889, was admitted to the bar. He immediately took u[) the practice of his profession in Paulding, in which he has been pre-eminently successful. Before his admission to practice he was superintendent of schools for a period ol three years. Mr. Phipps has always been a faithful Republican and has served his party in many capacities. Tor four years he THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1079 was Chairman of Paulding County Republican Central Committee, and for the same length of time chairman of the County Executive Committee. He also served for four years as a member of the State Executive Comniittee, and for five years as a member of the State Central Committee. At present he is Secretary of the Republican State Executive Committee. Socially, he belongs to the Masonic Fraternity, being a 32nd degree Mason. He is a member of the Toledo Consistory, Defiance Commandery Xo. 30, Dayton Shrine and of the Defiance Lodge B. P. O. E. He was married to Miss X"ora K. Cooper. One daughter, Helen, graces their home. i\Ir. Phipps is the author of about one hundred published poems. His law office is located at Paulding, Ohio. Washington Tullis Porter, WILLIAKI H. PHIPPS. COLUMBUS, O. One of the most prominent members of the Cincinnati Bar, was born on the 22nd of February, 1850, at Cincinnati, Ohio, and is the son of James Porter and Margaret Tullis Porter, natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio, respectively. He was educated at the Chicker- ing Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, and at the Law School of Cincinnati College, graduating from the former in June, 1868, and from the latter in May, 1871. He began the study of law in October, 1868, with Hon. E. A. Ferguson, the author of the act under which the Cincinnati Southern Railway was constructed. The act was passed by the General Assembly of Ohio, on the 4th of May, 1869. He has thus been associated with the Cincinnati Southern Railway since its inception. After his admission to the bar, Mr. Porter took up the practice of his profession, in which he has been very successful. Mr. Porter has compiled and edited Laws and Decisions, relating to the Cincinnati Southern Railway, and he also wrote and published a historical sketch of the Railway. Mr. Porter has been a staunch Republican all his mature life. He started in public life at the age of thirty years, in 1880, when he was elected Alderman of the city of Cincinnati, filling that position until 1884. From 1886 to 1890, inclusive, and from 1903 to 1908, inclusive, he was a member of the Board of Law Examiners, having been appointed to that position by the Supreme Court of Ohio; from 1891 to the present lime, save for a period of three years, he was a Trustee of the Public Library of the school district of Cincinnati, being appointed by the Directors of the University of Cincinnati. On the 10th of XMvember, 1908, Mr. Porter was appointed a Trustee of the Cincinnati Southern Railway, after having served the Board of Trustees of the Railway as attorney, since May, 1873. Socially. Mr. Porter is a member of Excelsior Lodge, F. X A. M. X'o. 369, Cincinnati Chapter Xo. 2, Cincinnati Council R. & S. M., Cincinnati Commandery Xo. 3, Knights Templar, Ohio Consistory, Scottish Rite, Syrian Temple, Mystic Shrine, the Ohio Library Association and the American Library Association. He also is a Trus- tee of the Carnegie Endowment Fund of the American Library Association. Out- side of his legal profession, Mr. Porter finds great enjoyment in music. He has played the organ for many years and has written and published much sacred music. On the 20th of December, 1871, he was married to Miss Flora Robinson. Si.x children were born to them; E. A. Ferguson Porter, Howard R. Porter, \\*. T. Porter, Jr., Fletcher Day Porter (died on the 1st of April, 1883), Forrest B. P’orter and Lillian Porter, now Mrs. Chester S. Mirick. The family attend St. Paul’s M. E. Church, Cincinnati, ( ). i\lr. Porter resides at 308 Hearne Avenue, Avondale, while his law offices are located at 909 Fourth Xffitional Bank Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. WASHINGTON T. PORTER. CINCINNATI, O. Richard A. Powell, Lawyer and senior member of the firm of Powell & Smiley, with offices in the Pro\4dent Bank Building, Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 4th of July, 1869, at Bridgetown, Hamilton County, Ohio. His parents, Richard and Mary Xolan Powell, were natives of Ireland. Mr. Powell was educated in the public schools, after which he attended the Cincinnati Law School, graduating in 1893 with the degree of LL. B. Mr. Powell started in the practice of law in 1893, and the following year became associated in the practice of law with the late Lieutenant Governor Carl L. Xippert. The partnership was con- tinued until 1902, when Mr. Xdppert was appointed Probate Judge of Hamilton County. For a number of years Mr. Powell has been associated with Mr. Smile>'. The firm is considered to be one of the leading law firms of Hamilton County. Mr. Powell is prom- inently connected with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, being at present Exalted Ruler of Cincinnati Lodge No. 5. He is also a member of the Business Men’s Club of Cincinnati, and several other organizations. Mr. Powell is married and resides at Bridgetown, a suburb of Cincinnati. Thomas E. Powell, Of Columbus, Ohio, one of the most representative lawyers of the State of Ohio, was born at Delaware, Ohio, on the 20th of February, 1842. His father, Ihomas W . Powell, was for many years a recognized leader at the Delaware Bar. He was a native of South Wales, and when a child, was brought to this country by his parents, who settled in Xew York. He obtained his education in that State and renlo^'ed to Ohio about the time rich.ard powell. cincinn.ati, o. he was admitted to the bar. The mother of Mr. Thomas E. Powell was born in Ohio and was of Scotch ancestry. Thomas E. Powell received his early education in the common schools of Delaware, entering the Ohio Wesleyan University at the age of thirteen years and graduating in 1863. He then enlisted in the 84th Regiment, Ohio Volunteer THE BOOK OF OHIO. Infantry and was afterwards transferred to the 145th. In the fall of 1864 Mr. Powell was mustered out of the ser\’ice as a Lieutenant. He at once entered his father’s office at 1 lelaware and continued the study of law, having commenced his studies while in the army. In 1865 he was admitted to practice and formed his first partnership with W. P. Keid, which tirm continued for tweK'e years. In 1870, upon the death of Mr. Reid, he associated himself with Judge J. S. Gill. This firm lasted until Mr. Powell’s removal to C'olumhus, in 1887. Mr. Powell is a lawyer of recognized ability and standing in the profession. His practice has always been of a general character. In politics he has always been a staunch I lemocrat. In 1872, he was a delegate to the Democratic National ('oin’ention which nominated Horace Greeley, and was a candidate for Presidential Llector tor his district on the Greeley ticket. In 1875 he received the Democratic nom- ination tor Attorney General on the ticket with Governor William Allen. In 1879 he placed ( leneral 4'homas Ewing in nomination for CTOvernor in the State Convention and in 1882 he did the same for James W. Newman. In 1882 he was the Democratic nominee for Gongress in the old Ninth District, and though defeated ran 1500 votes ahead ol the ticket. In 1883 he presented the name of Durbin Ward to the State Con- \ention and one year later he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention and ])laced the name of Governor George Hoadly in nomination for the Presidency. In 1885 he was C'hairman of the State Executive Committee, and, in 1887 he was nominated by the Democrats for Governor, and though defeated, he ran about ten thousand votes ahead of his ticket. In 1888 he placed in nomination at the St. Louis Conv'ention the name of Allen G. Idiurman, for the Presidency. In 1896, Mr. Powell was at the head of the Democratic Presidential Electoral Ticket in this State. For a number of years Mr. Powell has been one- ot the trustees ot the Ohio Wesleyan Lniversity. He also occupies the chair of Medical Jurisprudence in the Ohio Medical ('ollege. His residence and offices are located at Columbus, Ohio. Ch as. E. Prior, Atlorne>'at Law at New York Cil\', and a prominent member of the Ohio Colony in the Metroi)olis of the East, was born on the 16th of Jantiar\', 18()l, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He receiwd his education in the Cincinnati public schools, attended college and later matricu- lated at the Cincinnati Law School, graduating from the same in 1882, with the degree of B. L. In the same year he was admitted to the bar and entered upon the ])ractice of his chosen j)rofession, which gradually iiu'reased. He was a member of the firm of Foraker, Oulcalt, ('.ranger N Prior, of which Lnited States Senator Foraker was the senior member. A few' years ago, Mr. Prior removed to New \’ork, where lu' has continued in the ])ractice ol the law' ever since. His ])olitical affiliations are with the Republican party. During ( '.o\'ernor Foraker’s administration, he was F.xecutix e Clerk to the Governor. For a period of seven years he was a member of the .Norwood High School Board, and in 1899 and 1901 he occui)ied the position of Mayor of Norwood. He is married to Sophia M. Roever, a datighter ol Mr. Frederic'k W. Roever, of Cincinnati. Fi\'c children have blessed their union. Mr. Prior’s offices are located at 42 Exchange Place, New \'ork City. David Franklin Pugh, Law\er, Columbus, Ohio, was born on the 23rd of August, 1846, at Franklin, Ohio, the son of David Pugh, a farmer, and a native of Ohio. Mr. Pugh’s grandfather came from Wales in 1803, and settled in Delaware County, Ohio. Four years later, in 1807, he moved on a farm in h'ranklin County, on which Mr. David Franklin Pugh was born and reared. Like other farmer boys, David F. Pugh toiled the ground between school times. He obtained his education at the common schools, at the Select School at Reynoldsbtirg, and at the ()hio State Ihiixersity, at Athens, working on the farm during vacations. He left Ohio University when twenty-one years old and took up the study of law. In 1869 he was admitted to the I)ar in West Virginia and immediately took up the practice of his chosen ])rofession, following the same for a period of tweK'e years in that State. In 1870 he w'as elected Prosecuting Attorney of Tyler Count}', and filled that position from 1870 to 1880. In 1872 he w'as a member of the West Virginia Constitutional Convention which made the present Constitution, and in 1874 and 1875, he represented Tyler County in the W’est Virginia State Legislattire. Returning to Columbus, ()hio, in 1880, Judge Ptigh resumed the general practice ot law' in his native cotmty. In 1887 he wms appointed Common Pleas Judge b\' Go\'ernor Foraker to fill the unexpired term of Jtidge Bing- ham, who had resigned his office to become Chief Justice of the District of Columbia. In 1888, and again in 18i)3, Judge Pugh was elected to the Court of C'ommon Pleas. He retired Irom the bench in 1898 and liecame senior partner of the firm of Pugh N Pugh, with offices at 25 West Ga>' Street, Coluu'ibus, Ohio. In September, 1861, wdren but fifteen }ears of age. Judge Pugh enlisted in Comjtany C., 46th Ohio Infantry, and ser\ed throughout the (.'i\il War, all told, three years and ten months, taking part in about t wenty-fi\'e battles and skirmishes, the more important engagements being the liattles of Shiloh, \’ickslnirg. Missionary Ridge and around Atlanta. Judge Pugh is a member of the J. C. McCo}' Post, G. A. R., Columbus, Ohio. Socially, he is a Mason and I. O. O. F. In politics he is a staunch Republican, ha\'ing ser\ed his party as Delegate to State Coiuentions and on the stump. He was married to Miss Ida Swan, of \4rginia, in 1869. 4'w'o children were born to them. Judge Pugh resides at Neill .N\enuc, Columbus, ( )hio. Harry C. Pugh, •Attorney at Law' and Prosecuting Attornew' of Muskingum 6'otmty, was liorn on the 16th of Decemlier, 1872, in Washington County, near Marietta. His parents, John L. Pugh and Mary ('ook Pugh, were nati\es of ()hio. During the War of the Rebellion Mr. John L. Pugh was a member of Co. F., 148th O. V. I. Air. Harry C. Pugh w'as educated in the Zanesville, ()hio public schools and at the Ohio Northern University, at Ada, graduating from that institution in 1894, receiving the degree of A. B. During his vaca- tions at school and the first year or two after school. Air. Pugh w'orked as a laborer in the potteries of Roseville and Zanes\ille. Later he w'orked as bookkeeper for the First HARRY C. PUGH. ZANESVILLt, O 1 080 III IM\S I: powi'.l L. (OI.UMBUS, O. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1081 National Bank at Zanes\’ille, de\'oting his leizure hours to the study of law. Admitted to the bar before the supreme Court of Ohio, Mr. Pugh entered upon the practice of his chosen profession, which has been very successful. He has always been a faithful Republican and has served his party well. In April, 1903, he was elected City Solicitor of Zanesville, and having served with dis- tinction, was re-elected in November, 1905. He was elected to his present position in November, 1908. In 1901, Mr. Pugh was nominated for Police Judge of Zanesville, but was defeated at the election. He is a member and Past Exalted Ruler of the Zanesville Lodge, No. 114, B. P. O. E. Outside of his official duties, Mr. Pugh is interested in the Adams Brothers Contracting Company, of Zanesville, Ohio, being a member of the Board of Directors of that concern. He was married on the 12th of June, 1904, to Miss \ ivia M. Turner, of Lancaster, Ohio. His residence is located at 871 Mo.xahala Avenue, Zanesville, Ohio. John Murphy Pugh, Deceased, who during life of usefulness was one of the most prominent members of the Columl)us, Ohio Bar, was born in Trure Township, Franklin County, Ohio, on the 7th of NoA'cmber, 1823, a son of David and Jane Murphy Pugh, natives of W’ales, England and Pennsylvania, respectively. Mr. David Pugh came from \A’ales to Baltimore, Maryland, in 1801, and after li\’ing there for a number of years came to Ohio and founded the Welsh settlement of Radnor, Delaware County, in the midst of the wilderness. The first white child born there was his nephew, who died some years ago at the age of e ghty- se\'en. In 1814 the family moved tf> Truro Township, where Jane Murj^hy Pugh died, in March, 1857, and Da^•id Pugh in ( Ictober, following. Mr. John M. Pugh received his early education in a typical log school house and was for a time a student at Central College. \Mren he was about twenty years old he began teaching school on the Black Lick, East of Columbus, for eight dollars a month and his board, which latter had to be taken at the houses of his pupils. He located in Columbus, in 1848, and immediately alter began the study of law under the tutorship of IMajor Samuel Brush, who was a leading lawyer in his day. In 1851, Mr. Pugh was admitted to the bar of Ohio. Eor four years, in the period before and after his admission to practice, Mr. Pugh filled the positions of Clerk in the County Auditor's office, and in the office of the County Treasurer. His first political position was that of Township Clerk, to which he was elected as a Democrat in a Whig Township. In 1853 he was chosen to the office of County Auditor, which he filled for four years. He then retired from offical life to practice law, in association with Major Brush, and they were partners until 1858, when Major Brush removed to New York. After that he was associated with Mr. L. J. Critchfield, this partnership lasting until 1863, when Mr. Pugh was elected Judge of the Probate Court of Franklin County. He held this office continuously by re-election until 1879, when he resumed the practice of the law. He was a member of the State Board of Agriculture for si.x years and during two years of that time was its president. For a period of eleven years he was Treasurer of the Franklin County Agricultural Society, and for three years he was President of that organization. Mr. Pugh was appointed by Governor Allen and re-appointed by Governors Hayes and Bishop, Trustee of the State Reform School for Boys, at Lancaster, Ohio. For two years Mr. Pugh was a memlter of the Intermediate Penitentiary Board. Largely through Mr. Pugh’s efforts, while he was a member of the County Agricultural Society the present Franklin Park was bought for County Fair purposes, and to Mr. Pugh as a memlier of the State Board of Agriculture is due the credit of having secured the permanent location of the Ohio State Fair at Columbus. On Christmas Eve., 1851, Mr. Pugh married Alartha F. Cook, who died on the Kith of Nox'ember, 1881. They had eight children. On the 22nd of July, 1885, Mr. Pugh married Elizabeth M. Bradley, of Steuhen\-ille, Ohio, and they have one daughter. IMr. Pugh was a prominent member of the I. O. O. F., having filled all the chairs in the subordinate bodies of that order. Mr. Pugh Patterson A. Reece, One of the leading members of the Cincinnati Bar, was born on the 19th of August, 1851, near Davton, Ohio. His father, Patterson Reece, and his mother, Mary Andrews Reece, were both natives of Ohio. His mother’s grandfather, Hugh Andrews, was Captain of Light Horse in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, and came on a fiat boat from Pittsburg to Cincinnati, in 1797, and in a smaller flat boat up the Big Miami River from Cincinnati to Dayton, Ohio, when Dayton consisted of about a dozen log houses. Mr. Reece’s father was a Presbyterian minister. Mr. Reece attended Princeton College, graduating in 1875 and taking the Political Science Honors of his class. He then entered the Cin- cinnati Law School, from which he graduated in 1877, taking the second honors for a Thesis on Charitable Trusts. He holds the degrees of A. B. and A. M. from Princeton, and A. B. from Cincinnati Law School. Being admitted to the bar in 1877, he imme- diatelv took up the practice of his chosen profession, in which he has been very successful. He especially has met with marked success in the Supreme Court of the State. He is considered to be one of the ablest corporation and insurance lawyers of the Queen City. In politics, Mr. Reece is a Democrat. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic Fraternity. Mr. Reece was married to Miss Nellie F. Drought, of Bucyrus, Ohio. Three children have blessed their union: Paul Drought, John Andrews and Florence Anderson Reece. The family attend the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Reece’s residence is located at 2318 Ashland Avenue, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, while his offices are in the Johnston Building, that city. JOHN MURPHY PUGH Silas S. Richards, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, first sul)-di\'ision. Fourth Judicial District of Ohio, was born on the 8th of August, 1857, In Townsend Township, Sandusky Count)’, Ohio, the son of Archibald Richards, a farmer, and Mary George Richards. The father came 1082 THE BOOK OF OHIO. SILAS S. RICHARDS, CLYDL. U. from Connecticut and was of Welch descent, while the mother was a native of Ohio. Judg;e Richards was educated in the country schools and at Clyde High School, grad- uating from the latter in the class of 1875. After a year spent in California he devoted himself to the study of law, and, in 1879, was admitted to the bar l^efore the Supreme Court of Ohio. He immediately took up the practice of his chosen profession at Clyde, Sandusky County, ( )hio, continuing in same until 1905, when he was appointed Common Pleas Judge to succeed Judge Wildman, who had resigned to go on the bench of the Circuit (’ourt. Judge Richard’s political affiliation is with the Republican party, he having .ser\’ed the latter in many capacities. He was Clerk of the village of Clyde, Clerk of Crcen Creek Township, and President of the Clyde Board of Education. On the 3rd of July, 1905, he was aiipointed Common Pleas Judge, and was nominated and elected to fill out the unexpired term, in the fall of the same year, and re-elected to the same position for a full term of six years, in 1900. Outside of his jjrofessional duties. Judge Richards is a member of the Board of Directors of the People’s Banking Company, The Citizens Building and Loan Company, and of The Clyde Kraut Company, all of Clyde, ( )hio. He is very fond of books and reading, and outdoor life and travel. He has been abroad with his family twice. Judge Richards was married to Miss Jennie Harding, on the 7th of June, 1882. Mrs. Richards departed this life on the 8th of January, 1910. I'liree children have been born to them, Robert G., who is in the employ of the L. S. & M. S. Rv. Co., at Norwalk; Miss Rena, Librarian of the Clyde Public Library, established by Carnegie, and William M., a student of (3hio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Ohio. Judge Richards and family attend the First Presbyterian Church at Clyde, in which city they also reside. (ieorge W. Rightniire, Of Columbus, ()hio, Profe.ssor of Law at the Ohio State Ihiiversity, is a native Buckeye. He received his education at the Ohio Stale lhii\ersil\-, graduating in 1895, with the degree of B. Ph. In 1898, his Alma Mater conferred upon him the title of A. M. h'rom 1895 to 1902, Professor Rightmire filled the position of teacher at North High School, Columbus, Ohio, and from 1902 to 1903, he was instructor in American History and Political Science at the Ohio State University. He was appointed Instructor in Law in 1903, sening in that capacity until 1900, when he was apjiointed to his present position as Professor of Law. Professor Rightmire has alwa\’s been a staunch Republican. In 1907 he was elected President of Council and Vice-Mayor of Columbus, Ohio, on the Reiiub- lican ticket. Professor Rightmire is married and resides at 202 Nineteenth Avenue, Columbus, Ohio. John C. Rogers, Lawyer, was born in Newport, Ky. His home is now in Cincinnati, Ohio. He attemled Cincinnati Law School and graduated in 1895 and took a post-graduate course in Law at Wale I ni\ersity, winning a degree oi Master of Laws in the class of 1909. Formerly Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in the Hygcia Medical College of Cincinnati. James Allen Runyan, Was born in Butlenille, W’arren County, Ohio, Jul\’ 10, 1852. His father, Plenry Runyan, was born in Warren County, Ohio, August 14, 1825, and on November 4, 1847, was united in marriage to Rebecca Jane Fryliarger, who was born May 15, 1831, in Warren County, where they ever afterwards continued to resifle. d'hc subject of this sketch jiassed his boyhood days in the little country village, the pulilic school and boyhood amusements occup^dng the time of this introductory period. At the age of fifteen years he attended for a period of six months, a private school at Goshen, Ohio. In No\-embcr, 1808, he entered the University at Lebanon, then known as the National Normal JOHN C. ROGERS, CINCINNATI, O. SO employed, he began the study of law. at the Michigan University at Ann Arbor. AMES ALLEN RUNYAN. School, and remained a student there until about June 14, 1871. Afterwards, and without further attendance, he was enrolled as a graduate of that institution. After leaving school he engaged as a sales- man for a Cincinnati Mercantile firm for a period of about three years, and while In 1879 he attended a course of law lectures He located in Lebanon, May 29, 1877, enter- ing the law' office of Hon. A. G. McBurney, and on April 10, 1878 was admitted to the bar. Shortly thereafter, he opened an office in Lebanon and at once entered upon an active career at the bar which has continued to the present time. He has been engaged as counsel in most of the important cases tried in the county since his admission to the bar. In 1881 he formed a law partnership with W. L. Dechant, which continued until about January 1, 1885, at which time he formed a partnership with the late Judge Walter S. Dilatush. This partnership continued until October, 1891, when he w'as appointed by Governor James If. Campbell to the office of Judge of the Common Pleas Court, in which capacity he served until February 9, 1892. Upon retiring from the bench, he entered into a partnership with Hon. G. W. Stanley, which has since continued. Judge Runyan is a member of the Masonic Order and for many years has been a Knight Templar. He is not a member of any church. In politics, he is a Democrat. He was nominated as a candidate for Judge of the Circuit Court of the First Judicial THE BOOK OF OFIIO. 1083 District, August 29, 1890. In 1904, he was named as candidate for Congress from the Sixth Ohio District, and although he ran more than six thousand votes ahead of his ticket, he failed of an election. On the 28th day of May, 1908, he was selected as a delegate to represent the Sixth Congressional District in the Democratic National Convention, held at Denver, July 7, 1908. At that Con- vention he was selected as a member of the Committee from Ohio to notify Hon. J. \\’. Kern of his nomination as the candidate for Vice-President. Judge Runyan was united in marriage with Marietta Cawley on October 21, 1874. They have resided in Lebanon since Mav 29, 1877. Their beautiful home has been the scene of many hospitable entertainments and social functions. Notable among them, was the celebration of their Twentieth Anniversary, October 21, 1894; the entertainment of Governor Nash, Senator Hanna and many other distinguished guests at luncheon and dinner at the Centennial Aniversary of Lebanon, September 25, 1902; a banquet given July 24, 1902 to the officers and members of “The Runyan Rifles,” the local military company named in honor of Judge Runyan, and the entertainment of the officers of the Rapid Railway and other invited guests upon the completion of that road from Cincinnati to Lebanon, October 1, 1903. Judge Runyan is still actively engaged in the law practice. He is President of the Citizens’ National Bank, of Lebanon, Ohio, and is largely interested in manufacturing and other concerns. Joshua Edward Russell, Of Sidney, Ohio, ranks among the most prominent members of the Bar of Shelby County. He was born on the 9th of August, 1807, near Sidney. He obtained his education in the public and high schools of Sidney, after which he taught school for one year and then took up the study of law in the office of former C’ongressman G. A. Marshall. On Octo- ber, 1893, he was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of Ohio, and since this time he has been engaged in the general practice of his chosen profession. Mr. Russell is a staunch Republican. He has rendered his party and the people in general very val- uable services, having always taken a deep interest in public affairs. He has served two terms as City Solicitor of Sidney, and is a member of the Board of Education. He also occuijies the position of Secretary of the Shelby County Agricultural Association. Socially, he is a member of the Sidney Commercial Club, a Scottish Rite Mason, Past Chancellor of Supreme Lodge No. 50, K. of P. and a Red Man. In the fall of 1905, Mr. Russell was elected to the Senate of the General Assembly, representing the Counties of Darke, Miami and Shelby. His election was a surprise to all political parties. Gover- nor Pattison ha\ ing carried the district by 2,325 votes. No higher tribute can be paid Senator Russell than having carried the 12th District as a Republican under the con- ditions of the campaign of 1905. During his term of office he took an active part in all legislative aflAirs and was a very valuable member of some important committees. He is the author of one of the most important bills which passed the legislature, of which he was a member. The law provides for the regulation of Building and Loan Associations, organizations Avhich come closer to the commonpeople than do e^■en banks themseh'es. Mr. Russell was appointed as Supervisor of Census for’ the third Census District in Ohio, and he had the unanimous indorsement of all the Republican political organizations of his district and state. Mr. Russell was married in 1894 to Miss Jennie C. Laughlin. They ha\’e one child. The Senator lives in the pretty city of Sidney, where also his offices John Elbert Sater, Of Columbus, Ohio, United States District Judge for Southern Ohio District, was l)orn on the 16th day of January, 1854, in Crosby Township, Hamilton County, Ohio. His parents, John J. and Nancy (nee Larason) Sater also were nati^■es of the Buckeye State, 'l ire ancestry of Judge Sater’s parents is traced back to the days of the Re\’olutionary W’ar and to colonial times in New Jersey, (Maryland and Pennsylvania. For generations they were connected with agricultural pursuits and the father of Judge Sater also fol- lowed the same calling. Judge Sater spent his early life with his father’s famil\- on the farm, but at the age of ten years he was thrown largely on his own resources by the death of his parents. Later he made his home for sex’eral years with an uncle, Joseph Sater, a prominent farmer of Hamilton County. Eager for an education, young Sater attended the public and select schools of Ham- ilton County, and, while fitting himself for college, commenced teaching at the age of sixteen years. In 1871 he entered Miami l'ni\ersity, and, on account of the temporary closing of that institution in 1873, matriculated the same year at Marietta College, from which institution he graduated with high honors in the year 1875, recei\’ing the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In 1878 his Alma Mater conferred upon him the degree of Bachelor of Arts. At the age of twenty-one years Judge Sater became superintendent of the schools at M’auseon, Ohio, and, while occupying that position served also as Ccnmty School E.xaminer. He filled those positions so acceptably that he was offered the Principalship of the high schools at Toledo and Cleveland, both of which he declined. In 1881 he was appointed Chief Clerk in the office of the State School Commissioner of Ohio, and while occupying that position commenced the study of law under the direc- tion of Mr. J. H. Collins, of Columbus, Ohio, one of the most prominent members of the Ohio Bar. He was admitted to the bar June 3rd, 1884, and immediately commenced the practice of his chosen profession in Columbus, Ohio, which he continued with marked success for twenty-three years. Although appreciating to the fullest extent the fact that the law is a jealous mistress, he ser\ed three terms as a member of the Board of Education of Columbus, in 1892 was elected a member of the Charter Convention which drafted a Charter law for that city, for three terms was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Columbus Public Library and was President of that Board for several years and until his appointment to the bench. In 1899 he was appointed City Solicitor of Columbus, but declined to accept the appointment. In 1903 he was tendered the nomination in the Columbus District for State Senator, when a nomination was equivalent to an election, but also declined that honor. are located. JOHN ELBERT SATER, COLUMBUS. O JOSHUA EDWARD RUSSELL. SIDNEY. O. 1084 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Affillaling witli the Republican party, he early Ijecame one of its most active and influential members in Central Ohio, served rep.Mte lly on its commitlees, and distinguished himself as an able speaker in several of its most important campaigns. Judge Sater is a ibh'd (h'gree Mas )U, a member of the K. O. T. M., K. of P., the Columbus Club, the Columbus Country Club and the Queen (‘ily Club of Cincinnati. In bSS!) he married Miss Mary L. Lyon, cjf Wauseon ; three children have been the fruit of this and his earlier marriage. Ilis church reUuionshi]) is wilh the Congregational denomination. rile following sketch of judge Sater, both at the bar and on the bench, has been prepared by a member of his profession who has had unusual oiiiiortunities for forming a correct estimate of his career from the time he was admitted to the bar: In natural talents, general scholarshi[), learning in the law and the valuable experience which is accpiired only by great industry in the- gc-neral practice, John It. Sater stood in the front rank of his jirofession in this state when he left it to accept his appointment to the bench. B\' merit alone he ac(|uired a large and lucrative practice. He had a large office business, and during his last ten years at the bar was iiersoiialK’ engaged in as much important litigation as any lawyer in Central Ohio, his clientele including many members of his profession who called uiion him for assistance in the most important causes. While his practice was largely on the civil side of the court lu' was emi)lo\-ed also in a considerable numlier of important criminal cases, lie had not only a large practice in all of the courts ol record in this state in ci\il actions, etiuity cases, special proceedings, and important criminal cases, both in courts of original jurisdiction and in the rexaewing courts, but also an extensive practice in the Federal Courts in this and other jurisdictions. No member ot the bar had a more ex'enly Ixalanced practice, his clients including a large numlxer of individuals as well .IS ni.uiufact uring industries, banks, coal companies, churches, fraternal societies, educational institutions, insurance companies er\ed for two years as d'reasurer of Holmes County and w’as also a meml)er of the village council and of the School Board of .Millersbnrg. Mr. l)a\'id B. Shar])s' mother, Martha M. Ingram, is a native of West Virginia and of Irish extraction. Mr. I ),i\ id B. Sharp obtained his edneation in the ])ublic sclnxds at Millersburg, at the high school, at Baldwin rni\’ersit\’, , ( )hio. Alelville Day Shaw, ( )ne of the Democratic leaders of Western Ohio, residing at the pretty little city ot W’ap- akoneta, Auglaize County, xvas born on the 4th of October, 1852, in Van Wert, Ohio. His father, John Shaxv, a native of Hancock County, Ohio, xvas a man jirondnent in the affairs of the W’estern jxart of the State, haxdng filled the j)ositions of County Suiweyor, -Auditor and Rej)resentatix'e to the ( )hio General Assembly. W'hen Mr. AT 1). Shaxv’s j)arents got married they xvent into the xvilds of Van Wert ('ounty. Here, Mr. Shaxv, xvho xvas an exjxerienced Suiweyor, layed out the towns of Van Wert and Delphos. He also helj)cd to clear uj) the county. He became very jxrominent in jxolitics, and, in 1874, xvas a candidate for Congress. Mr. Aleix’ille D. Shaxv obtained his education in the county schools, at \'an Wert High School and at Bryan N Stratton’s Business College, in Cleveland, Ohio. Fie later studied law xvith General Isoah Pillars, while he xvas MULVILLE D. SHAXV, WAPAKONBIA. O. TIJE BOOK OF OHIO. 1087 Attorney (leneral, and, in 1878, Mr. Shaw was admitted to the bar at Lima, Ohicn In 187!), Mr. Shaw went to W'ajrakoneta, Ohio, where he commenced the practice of his chosen profession, associating himself with General Pillars, under the firm name of Pillars & Shaw. Later Mr. Shaw went in partnership with Mr. Layton, of Wai:)akoneta, the firm name being Layton & Shaw. After the dis- soh ing of the last named partnership, Mr. Shaw has practiced alone. He also is engaged in the handling of timber and coal lands in the Southwest and in Mexico. Mr. Shaw has always taken a great interest in the affairs of his home city and is connected with many lousiness enterprises. He is Vice-President of the Wapakoneta, Ohio Teleplnnie Company, a Director in the Shreveport, La. I elephone Company, and a stockholder in numerous telephone companies in Texas, Louisiana and Oklahoma. In politics, Mr. Shaw has always been a staunch Democrat, and he has served his party and the people in general in many capacities. He Ijegan his ])olitical career at the age of twenty-fi\T }’ears, as a Township Clerk in the city of Lima, Ohio. His next ixditical position was that of Assis- tant Clerk in the Ohio State Senate, in 1878; from 1885 to 1889 he served as a Representative from Auglaize C'ounty in the lower house of the Ohio Cxeneral Assembly. In 1890 he was elected Senator from the 32nd Ohio Senatorial District, comprising the counties Allen, Auglaize, Defiance, Mercer, Paulding, Van Wert and Williams. He served two terms as State Senator. In 1897 he was the Democratic candidate for Lieutenant Governor. While a member of the Ohio Legislature, Mr. Shaw was connected with the stand- ing Committees on Judiciary, Pul)lic Works, Railroads and Telegraphs, Elections, Corporations and a number of special committees. Senator Shaw was the author of “Senate Bill 373’’ — the original Australian ballot Ihll that became a law and was the foundation for our present election laws. Senator Shaw has taken a great interest in the military affairs of the state. He organized a military company, which was known as the “Shaw Guards.’’ At the outl)reak of the Spanish-American \C’ar this company enlisted and took part in the war. On the 24th of May, 1894, Senator Shaw was married to Miss Theresa Bausch. They ha\'e one l)oy, Mehille D. Shaw, born on the 21st of December, 1902. The family reside at 412 West Auglaize Street, Wapakoneta, Ohio. Hiram Luther Sibley, An able lawyer, was born May 4, 1836, in Gusta\'us Township, Truml)ull County, Ohio. His father, Ezekiel Sibley, was a Methodist minister and native of Westfield, Mass., while his mother, Phebe Simons Sildey, was born in CTleljrook, Conn. On his father’s side Judge Sibley traces his ancestors to John Sildey, who came over in the “fleet,” in 1629, was a select man of Salem, Mass., where he settled and went to the general court at Boston. The judge’s education w^as obtained in common and private schools and In- home study. He never graduated from college or uni\-ersity, but holds the honorary degree of M. A., conferred in 1878, by the Marietta (Ohio), C’ollege, and the Inmorary degree of LL. D., w’hich Claflin Lhiiversity, Orangeburg, S. Ch, conferred in 1885. Al- ways a staunch Republican, Judge Sibley has served his ])arty and the people in general in various capacities. He began public life at the age of 25 years, when he was elected Clerk of the Courts of Meigs County, Ohio. For three terms he was nominated by acclamation for Common Pleas Judge of the Seventh District, and elected. He also was elected and served a term of six years as Judge of the Fourth Ohio Circuit Court. In December, 1906, Judge Sibley was appointed by the Go\-ernor of Ohio one of three commissioners to “Revise and consolidate the statute laws” of the State. August 12, 1862, he enlisted in the 116th Ohio Volunteer Infantry and w-as commissioned Secoml Lieutenant of Company B. Near W’inchester, Va., June 15, 1863, he was captured in battle and held a prisoner of w-’ar in Virginia, Georgia and South Carolina, until the lOth of December, 1864. January 11th, 1865, he was honoral)ly discharged liy reason of dis- ability thus incurred. The judge is a Knight Templar, a mend)er of the G. A. R. and of the Loyal Legion, Ohio Commandery. He is the author of a \’oIume on the Organic Law of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of a legal work on the “Right to and cause for Action,” and editor and rexiser of Nash’s (Ohio) Code Pleading and Practice. In 1858, Judge Sibley married Miss Esther A. Ellis. They have three children. His older son, W'illiam G., served for a short time as State Librarian of Ohio, and now owns and edits the Gallipolis ((4hio), Trilxune. Frank L., occupies the position of foreman in his brother’s printing-office. Idie only daughter, Myrtus R., studied piano in Berlin, and is now a music teacher. Judge Sibley is a member of the First Methodist Episcopal ('hurch of Marietta, Ohio, in xvhich city he also resides. He has been a member of two Constitutional Commissions of that church, a delegate to two of its General Conferences, and to an Ecumenical Conference of Methodists, held in Washington City, in 1891. Fredrick Nicholas Sinks, Attorney at Law at Columbus, Ohio, is a natix’e of the Capitol Cdty of Ohio, l)orn on the 24th of August, 1872. He receix'ed his education in the Columbus pulilic schools, after which he prepared himself for college at the Columbus Latin School, and finally entered Yale University, graduating from this famous institution in 1894. He alterward attended Laxv School at the Ohio State University, graduated in 1898, and was admitted to the bar in the same year. Since he reached the age of majority, Mr. Sinks has been actix-e in the ranks of the Repul)lican fighters, and xvhen Gox’ernor Nash xvas elected in 1899, he xvas aixpointed Private Secretary to the Chief Executix'e. He serx-cd in this ca])acity during the txvo terms of Gox-ernor Nash. After his retirement from his official duties as Secretary to the Governor, Mr. Sinks took ujx the practice of his profession in xvhich he has been x-ery successful. In June, 1899, Mr. Sinks xvas married to Miss Katherine De Ford Thurman, daughter of Allen W. Thurman, of Columlnis. Josiah Wilson Smith, Attorney at Laxv, Ottaxva, Ohio, and a meml)er of the military staff of Gox ernor Harmon, xvas born on the 21st of May, 1873, in Broxvn County, Ohio, the son of Manlex' B. Smith and Abbie Pickerell Smith, both natix-es of the Buckeye Slate. He is of Scotch-Irish ancestry. Mr. Smith receix'cd his education in the public schools, at the National Nor- mal Unix'ersity, at Lebanon, Ohio, and at the Ohio Normal Lhiix-ersity, at Ada, Ohio, FRIiDRICK N. SINKS. COLUMBUS. O. HIRAM 1. SIBLEY. MARllYnA. o 1()8S THE BOOK OF OHIO. fnjm which latter institution he graduated with the degree of B. S. Att he age of sixteen \ ears lie started in life as a school teacher, in rvhich he remained for a number of years, Idling the positions of teacher and superintendent. While thus engaged, he took up the slud>- of law, and In due time was admitted to j)ractice before the Supreme Court of Ohio. l'|)on his admission to the l)ar he opened an office at Ottawa. Outside of the legal pro- fession, Mr. Smith is also interested in the newspaper business as past owner and director of a paper. In politics, Mr. Smith has always been a staunch Democrat, and he has been an acti\e ]xirty worker. He was a member of the Board of School Examiners of Putnam County tor a number ot years. In 1908 he was elected to the position of Prosecuting .Attorney of Putnam Ccnmty. Socially, he is a 82ml degree Mason, a Noble of the Mystic Shrine and a member of the K. of P., the I. ( ). (). F. and the Elks. For many years he has been connected with the Ohio National Cuards. He now occupies the rank of Major ot the Second ( )hio I ntantry and he is the Ranking Personal Aid on Covernor Harmon’s staff. Major Smith is married and has two children. Sam W. Smith, Jr., judge of the Circuit Court, at Cincinnati, ( )hio, is a native of the Oueen City, and ,1 son of Mr. Sam \\h Smith, a wholesale li(|uor dealer. He received his education in the Cincinnati pul)lic scIkxjIs, at the Chickering Institute, the Brown Univer- sity and at the ('incinnati Law School, graduating from Chickering Institute in lS7ti, and from the Cincinnati Law School in 1SS2. After ha\ing been admitted to the bar. Judge Smith entered the law office of Lincoln N Stephens. Upon the death ol Mr. Timothy D. Lincoln, Judge Smith be- came a member of the law hrm ol Lincoln, Ste])hcns N Smith. He has been a faithful Re|)td)lican all his mature life and has rendered his ]>arty very valuable services. In bS9(), and again in 1901, Judge Smith was elected to the Common Pleas bench. His election to the Circuit Court bench occured in 190(). Judge Smith is married and resides on W'alnut Hills, Cincinnati, ( ). SAM W. SMITH, JR., CINCINNAIT, (). \Am A. Snider, A prominent membi'r of the younger element of the Fairfield C'ounty Bar, residing at Lancaster, Ohio, was born on the 27th of October, 1809, on a farm in Walnut Township, I'airlield County', Ohio, the son ol Re\'. A. Snider, I). I)., and Lffie L. Tro\inger Snider, both nati\-es of Ohio. 'I'he father is a minister of the Lhiited Brethren Cdiurch and is at ])resent actively engaged as the pastor of the U. S. Church, at Gallon, O, He has been in the ministry for forty y'ears and has held many' positions of honor in the church, among them the Presidency of the (ieneral Sunday School Board, and as Presiding Elder. The Ohio Northern Ibiiversity conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Mr. Van A. Snider was educated in the common schools of I'airfield County and at the high schools of Baltimore and Canal Winchester, Ohio. He started in public life at the age of nineteen years, teaching school, remaining in that profession for a period of three years. He then served for the same length of time as Deputy Sheriff of Fairfield County, under Sheriff F. M. Messerlyp and at that time and afterwards read law under the direc- tion of Judge John G. Reeves. He was admitted to practice by the Supreme Court of Ohio, on the 15th of October, 1896, and immediately' after opened an office in Lancaster, Ohio. Since that time he has been engaged in that profession, building up a large clien- telle. On the 9th of February, 1900, he was admitted to practice in the Circuit and District Courts of the llnited States, and by the United States Supreme Court on the 5th of March, 1909. Mr. Snider has been a staunch Democrat since he became of age, and he has served his party on the stum]) as well as in the committee rooms. In 1908, he was appointed Clerk of the Board of Public Safety, a position he still holds. On the 7th of September, 1909, he was nominated as the Democratic candidate for City Solicitor of Lancaster, and on November 2nd, 1909 was elected, carrying ten out of twelve jrrecincts. Mr. Snider for many years has been connected with the Ohio National Guard and at pre.sent holds the rank of First Lieutenant and Battallion Adjutant of the Second Bat- tallion, 7th Regiment, O. N. G. Socially, he is a meml)er of the Masonic Fraternity; \ AN A sN'iDL-iR. LANC.\STHR. () Flks; K. of P. ; U. R. K. P.; Pythian Sisters; I. O. of R. M.; Royal Arcanum, and of the Past Chancellors Association of Fairfield County, O. He was married to Miss Cora A. Holland, only child of Judge F. F. and Alary Holland, on the 10th of June, 1896. Two children, Mary Vaneta and Effie Miriam, ha\-e blessed their union. Lieutenant Snider was detailed on the 11th of January, 1909, as a member of Governor Judson Harmon’s Personal Military' Staff. He resides at 149 West Mullierry' Street, Lancaster, Ohio. Charles S. Sparks, Attorney at Law, Cincinnati, Ohio, founder of the Agnostic Sunday' School of that city, was born on the 10th day of June, 1868, at West Ihiion, .Adams County', Ohio. His father, Salathiel Sparks, a native of Ohio, followed the profession of law; his mother came from \\ inchester, Ky. The early antecedents of Mr. S])arks were of English origin, who emigrated from Virginia to Ohio in the younger days of the State’s history. Mr.Sparks rvaseducated in the West Union ])ublic schools and at the Cincinnati Law' School, from w hich Institution of legal training he graduated in 1890 with the degree of B. L. At the age of twenty'-two y'ears he began the [iractice of his profession under his own name. Three months after his admission to the bar he was acting Prosecuting Attorney and frequently' THE BOOK OF OHIO. Police Judge, being the youngest judge ever^ presiding in the Police Court in Cincinnati. In political affairs he takes a keen interest and belongs to the Republican party. He is a member of the Blaine Club and of the Stamina Republican League, of Cincinnati, Ohio. As a public speaker, Mr. Sparks’ services are in great demand during the different cam- paigns and he has been a delegate to a number of State Conventions, Mr. Sparks is very positive in his likes and dislikes, and in early manhood concluded that the foundations of the church, erected by those living in utter darkness and ignorance long years ago were not capable of enlightening people of this age upon any subject of scientific import, and he often said that he didn’t believe the dead were alive, although such belief opened the door of heaven. Mr. Sparks is a lecturer of national prominence on agnosticism and kindred scientific subjects. He is also an orator of great ability and is gifted with ease and forcible style of expression. He enjoys a large and lucrative law practice, his specialties being divorce and criminal law. While Mr. Sparks is a firm believer in the sanctity of the home and that there is no state of existence out of which more real happiness can be obtained if the parties are properly mated, he is still firmly of the opinion that children of mismated couples, consequently not born of affection, are a menace to the community and that such couples, upon discovery of their inability to live happily together, should be divorced for the mere asking. Mr. Sparks has secured a greater number of di\ orces than any other lawyer in the world. As a practitioner of criminal law, Mr. Sparks has had wide experience and is thoroughly conversant with the subject. As early as 1901, Mr. Sparks publicly declared that he is opposed to capital punishment, not only because it is brutal and barbarous, but is illogical, and while it satisfied the old Mosaic law, it fails to make good to the dear ones of the victim the loss they sustain in his death, and if that more good may be done l)y allowing the murderer to live, he should not be executed; that the culprit should be imprisoned, and if he be without a trade, he should be taught one, and, all that he might earn in excess of the amount necessary to pay for his keep and clothing should go to those depending upon the victim, providing the prisoner had no one depending upon him. In that case, his earnings should be ecpially divided between them so that neither side would become dependent upon the state. If there were no dependents, what he would earn should go to the public school fund of the state, and the infamous contract labor, now in vogue at our penal institutions should be abolished, and all the prisoners be allowed a scale of wages equal to those established by the various labor organizations. As it is now, the only persons to derive any benefit from a prisoner in the Ohio Penitentiary are those who have contracts with the government for the kind of labor in which the prisoner is skilled, and these persons, as a matter of course, arc overjoyed when they can get a skilled laborer for 60 cents per day whose earn- ings are worth !{;3.50. On the 26th of November, 1896, Mr. Sparks was united in marriage to Mary Elizabeth Buckle}’, of Oldham, England, descend- ant of members of the House of Lords in England. The family reside in Covedale, a pleasant suburb of Cincinnati. To this union ti\’e children were born, viz: Dorothy Grace, bcjrn April 15, 1898, Charlotte Ingersoll, born November 16, 1900, Temple Tolstoi, born August 15, 1902, Ophelia Celene, l)orn September 15, 1905, Mary DeCamp, born October 4, 1907, all of whom sur\’i\'e and each of whom were born on Frida}’, and three of them on the 15th day of the month. Edward P. Speidel, Mayor of Alliance, Ohio, and a jrrominent member of the Bar of Stark County, was born on the 17th of iMarch, 1870, at Hanoverton, C'olumbiana County, Ohio. His father, John B. Speidel, emigrated from Germany to the United States at the age of eighteen years. His mother, Catherine Speidel, was a nati\’e of Hanoverton, Ohio. The parents raised a family of nine boys and four girls. Mr. John B. S[reidel is still living, but has retired from business. Mayor Speidel was educated in the Hanoverton public schools, at Lincoln College, Rogers, Ohio, and at the O. S. U. Law School, from which latter insti- tution he graduated in 1893, when he took up the practice of his chosen irrofession at Hanoverton. Before his admission to the bar he had worked as a ]rrinter on the Ohio Patriot, Lisbon, Ohio, and also had taught school for several years. He came to Alliance in 1905. Mayor Speidel has been a staunch Democrat all his life. In 1902-1903 he filled the position of Deputy Sheriff of Columbiana County. On the 2nd of November, 1909, he was elected Mayor of Alliance, taking charge of that office on the 1st of January, 1910. He was a candidate for Representative in 1903, in the strong Republ can County of Columbiana, and was defeated. Mayor Speidel is a member of the County Executive Committee. Socially, he ;s a K. O. T. M., P H. C., Modern Woodman of America and an Eagle. He is married and the father of three children. Mayor Speidel is a self- made man and owes his success in life so far largel}’ to his own efforts. Philemon Beecher Stanbery, Lawyer, of Cincinnati, Ohio, with offices 1516 First National Bank Building, was born on the 18th of April, 1877, in Pomeroy, Ohio, the son of Philemon Beecher Stanbery and Margaret Hart Stanbery, natives of Lancaster, Ohio and Sharon, Pa., respectively. Mr. Stanbery was educated at Kenyon Military Academy, Gambier, Ohio, 1891-1894; Kenyon College, 1895-1898, graduating from the institution in the latter year. He then entered Cincinnati Law’ School and graduated from there in 1901. He holds the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts and Bachelor of Lawn Being admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of Ohio, Mr. Stanbery immediately took up his life work in his chosen pnfiession, in which he has been very successful. Outside of his legal duties he is Director, Secretary and Treasurer of The Kaps-Brehm Company, Engineers and General Contractors. He is a Republican in National Politics but independent in local affairs. Socially, Mr. Stanbery is a member of Psi Upsilon Fraternity, Phi Beta Kappa Society and Phi Delta Phi Fraternity. He belongs to the Protestant Episcopal denomination and attends Christ Church, Cincinnati, Ohio. EDWARD P. SPEIDEL. ALLIANCE. O. 1089 CHARLES S. SPARKS, CINCINNA I 1. O. lOlH) TIIK BOOK OF OHIO. A. K. Hiirnside Stephens, Allorney at l.aw at ( inrinnati, ()hio,\vas born on the brd ot June, 1S()2, at Crosl)}’ I'own- sliip, Ilamilton ('ount\', ( )hio. lli> lather, S. Ivyle Stepliens, was a well known educator in Ilamilton ('ounty and a natix’e ol X'irginia, while his mother, Mrs. Minerva Smith Ste|)hens wtts born in ( )hio. Mr. Ste|)heus, maternal great grandlather, I )aniel Wilkins, was a soldier in the War of the l\e\'olut ion . lie ctime to ( )hio in 170S and settled in ( rosby 'I'owuship, near ( incinnati. Ilis grandlather on his Itither's side, I'homas Stephens, was born in I 'aN'ette ('otmty, Per.nsyK ania, in 17!)4, and located in Virginia, where Mr. Stephens’ lather was born. Mr. Ste])hens receixed his editcation in the ( in- cinnati ])tiblic schools and at ( hickering’s Institttte. At the age of eighteen years he engaged in the |>rolession ol teaching. Later he serxed as j)rincipal of schools at ('lexts, •North bend and at X’enice, HntU'r ('onntx', ( >hio. During this time he dex'oted himsell to the sttidx' of laxx' and in dtie titne xxais admitted to the H;ir ot ( )hio, after xx’hich he becam.e engaged in tlu' [)nictice ol his chosen professioti. He has serx’ed as Solicitor of the xib lagc's of ( lex’es and Nhirlh Bend, ( )hio. Mr. Stephens has been a faithful Repitblican all his maltire life. I''rom bSi)2 to ISOS he xxas 1 )e])uty ('ounty Treasurer ot Hamilton ('otmty; from ISOS t(j 1001, I'nited States Internal Kex’enne Stamp Agent, and fnan 1002 to the |)resx'nt time, Deputy Clerk of Ilamilton County. He xxas Mayor of Clexes, ( )hio, trom ISOO to 1S02. Sociallx', Mr. Stephens is a member of the Masonic I^'raternity ; ol the K. of I’., beitig Past Chancellor Commander of Cleves Lodge; he is Past Division ( 'ommander ol the Sons ol Wterans ot Ohio, and was National ('ottnsellor of that organ- i/alion in 1000. He xxiis President of the Stamina Repitblican League of ('incinnati, in 1007. h'rom 1000 until 1002 he serxed as Cajitain Quartermaster of the I'irst Regi- tnent, ( ). N. C. He xxas married in 1SS4, to Miss Mary M. C'arlin, daughter of Captaiti James Carlin, late of the 83rd Ohio Vol- tmteer Infantry, one of the pioneers of the Miami Valley. L'onr children have lilessed their itnion. Mr. Stephens resides in the little suburban xill.ige ol North Bend, Hamilton Cotmty, Ohio. (Gilbert II. Stewart, ( )l Columbus, ( )hio, lawyer, xxas born on the 15th of ATarch, 1847, at Boston, Mass., the son ot Alonzo and Isal)ella Ireland Stexx’art. When he xvas fix'c years of age, his parents remoxed to East Cambridge, Mass. In the pttblic and high schools of that city he received his education, graduating from high school in 1864, when he matriculated at I larx ard. 1 le remained in the college until the middle of his junior year, when he entered the Laxv Department of Harxard College xvhere he studied one term. After leaving Harvard he continued his laxv studies at East ('ambridge and Galion, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar betore the District ('ourt of Eranklin County, in 1869. He prac- ticed in (ialion until 1873 xvhen he came to Columbus, in wdiich city he has resided ex'er since. In 1884 he xvas elected one ol the judges of the Circtiit Court of Ohio, for the Second Circuit, and on expiration of a four years’ term he was re-elected for a term of six years. In 1892 and 1893 he xvas elected Chief Justice of the Circuit Court of Ohio. .At the close of his second term he refused renomination, and on the 9th of F'ebruary, 181)5, resumed his jirixate practice. Erom March, 1884, until May, 1907, Judge Stewart was Professor of Medical Jurisprudence at the Starling Medical College of Columbus. Erom Eebruary, 1904 to June 1909 he xvas Professor ol Laxv at the Ohio State Unix'ersity, occupying the chair of b'ederal practice. Erom 1880 to 1882 he was a member of the Columbus Board of Education, and in 1884 he was elected to the City Council, resigning that i)osition upon his election to the Circuit bench. Tn 1897 he was President of the Board ot 4'rafle, and in 1898, President of the Ohio State Board of Commerce. He was married on the 22nd of June, 1875, at W’orthington, Ohio, to Miss Clara Landon Ogden, a daughter of the eminent educator Prof. John Ogden. His laxv office is located at the WN'andotte Building, Columbus, ( )hio, where hi“ is engaged in practice with his son, Cilbert II. Stewart, Jr., under the firm name of Stexvart and Stexvart. Stanley Struble, Attorney at Laxv, (_ incinnati, ( )hio, xvas born on the 7th of Eebruary, 1865, at Miami, Hamilton County, Ohio, the son of Royal Struble, a xvell knoxvn i)hysician, and Almira Luse Strulde, both natix'es of Hamilton County. The family on his father's side is of German origin, xvhile his mother is of Scotch descent. Mr. Struble receix'ed his education in the common schools of Hamilton ('ountjy at ( )berlin College and at the Cincinnati Laxv School, graduating from the latter in 1892, when he xvas admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of the State. Before that time he had taught school for a period of four years. Upon his admission to practice, Mr. Strid)le became engaged in his chosen jxrofession, in which he has been x^ery successful. ( lutside of his legal duties he is interested in thi“ H.imilton County National Bank, ( lex’es, ( )hio, being a Director of that institution. Mr. Struble has alxvays been a staunch Republican. He has been a member of campaign committees a number of times and also xvas chairman of same. In 1904 and again in 1908, he xvas elected County Commissioner, and noxv is President of that Board. He also has occupied a number of jiositions in his home toxvn, Ckwes. Mr. Struble is a Mason, a mcndxer of the Blaine Club and of the Stamina Reiiuljlican League. On the 30th of (October, lt)05, he xvas married to Miss Alice Argo. They have three children. Mr. Strulxle resides at Cleves. His offices are located at 510 Main Street, Cincinnati, ()hio. Dudley V. Sutphin, b’ormer Assistant City Solicitor of Cincinnati, and a iirominent member of the younger element of the Bar ol Hamilton County, xvas born on the 25th of ()ctober, 1875, at Dayton, ( )hio, the son of Isaac V. Sutphin and Mrs. Katherine P. Brady Sutphin, both natix’es ot ( )hio. Mr. Sutphin xvas educated in the pulilic schools and at Woodxvard Lligh School, at Cincinnati, after xvhich he attended for txvo years the prix'ate school (d White & Sykes, to prepare himself for college. He then matriculated at A'ale Unix'ersity, and, alter l.il.lV'RI II S I I'.XV.XR I , COLLIMBUS, O. A I-: BURNSIDli STEPHENS. CINCINNATI. O THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1091 a four years’ course, graduated from that well known institution of higher learning in 1897, with the degree of B. A. Returning to Cincinnati, Mr. Sutphin attended the Law Department of the lhii\-ersity of Cincinnati for three years and graduated in 190U with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. Lipon his admission to the bar he took up the practice of his chosen profession in which he has been very successful. For three ^x'ars he was associated with the law firm of Kittredge and \Mlby and afterwards undertook the prac- tice by himself. Mr. Sutphin has always been an active working Republican. On the 1st of January, 1908 he was ajjpointed Assistant City Solicitor, a position he occui^ied in a very able manner. On January 1, 1910 he retired from the Solici or's office and formed a law partnership with Walter A. DeCamp, under the firm name of DeCamp & Sutphin, with offices in the Traction Building. W’hile in college he was a member (jf the Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternit}- and while in law school of the Phi Delta Phi Fraternitv. On the 14th of November, 1901 he was married to Miss Mary P. Harrison, of Cincinnati. One daughter has been the issue of their union. Mr. Sutphin resides at 2915 \Trnon Place, Mt. Auluirn, Cincinnati, Ohio. James B. Swing, DUDLEY V. SUTPHIN. CINCINNA 1 I. O. Judge of the Common Pleas Court of the First Ohio Judicial District, and one of the foremost members of the legal profession of Cincinnati, was born on the 15th of May, 1854, in Batavia, Clermont Count}', Ohio. His father was George Light Swing, and his mother Elizabeth Naylor Swing, and he comes from the illustrious family of Swings whose members ha\-e filled the bench of the Ohio and United States Courts for se\-eral generations. After going through the public schools of his nati\'e ^■illage, young Swing entered Hanover College, Hanowr, Indiana, from where he graduated with honor. He- at once began the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1877, opening an office in Bataeda, and soon advancing to a leading position. That this position was recognized was proven in 1881, when he received the Repul)lican nomination to the office of Judge of the Probate Court, and was triumphantly elected. So satisfactf)rily did he serx'c the people of Clermont County during his incumbency that he was remnninated and re- lucted. At the e.xpiration of his second term of office. Judge Swing came to Cincinnati and formed a partnership with Judge Howard Ferris, which partnership was continued until Judge Ferris was chosen Proljate Judge of Hamilton County. Judge Swing then liecame associated with Mr. Frank R. Morse, a lawyer of high standing. In the fall of 19U3, Judge Swing was nominated to the Republicans of Hamilton County to the important office (jf Judge of the Common Pleas Court, and re-elected to the same position at the expiration of his first term. He is a faithful Republican, a man who has served his party often and conscientiously. He was one of the delegates to the National Republican Con\ention at C'hicago, which nominated President Harrison. JAMES B. SWING, CINCINNATI. O. A prominent law\’er of Cincinnati, ( )hio, was born on the 17th of Februar\-, 1850, at Ham- ilton, Ohio, the son of Americus and Martha Frances Scott Symmes, nati\'cs of Ohio and Kentucky, respecti^•ely. Mr. Americus S\ mmes was born in Bellefonte, Mo., and was a son of Captain John Cleves S\-mmes, Jr., a United States Arnn- officer, who ser\ ed in the war of 1812. He was a son of Timotln- S> mines, wlnj was a brother of Judge John Cleves Symmes, one of the most conspicuous figures in the histor}' of the North- w'estern Territory. Judge Symmes served as Colonel in the War of the Revolution. - Later he became Judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey and a member of Congress. He afterwards settled in Ohio, where he ser\’ed as bhiited States Judge of the North- western Territory. It was the brilliant mind of Judge Symmes that conceived the idea of sub-dividing the public lands into sections and ranges, and the plan, adopted first in the territory of the IMiami, was sanctioned by the Government and thereafter this simple and con\'enient method of surveying weis used and is still cmplo\’ed. Captain John C'. Symmes, Jr., the grandfather of Mr. W illiam W . Symmes, was author of “The Theory of Concentric Sj)heres and Polar V’oids,'' a work which created a great sensation at its time. He died in Hamilton and was fniried in one of the parks ot that cit\’. .A daughter of Judge John Cleves Symmes and sister of Mr. Symmes' great grandfather became the wife of General Wdlliam Henry Harrison, President of the United States, and grandmother of the late President Benjamin Harrison. On his maternal side, Mr. Symmes’ family was also one of distinction. The mother was a nati\'c of Boone C ount\', Ky., where the family had settled upon their removal from A’irginia, Mrs. Symmes com- ing from the same l)ranch of the Scott family that produced that grand old hero, CTcneral Winfield Scott Hancock. Mr. Wdlliam Wh Symmes received a thorough education in the public schools and at the University of Louisville, Ky., graduating from that insti- tution in June, 18()8, he being the valedictorian of the class. He then studied law and was admitted to the bar in Louisville, Ky. At the age of twenty-one years, Mr. S\ nunes came to Cincinnati, where he took up the practice of his chosen iwofession, in which he has continued ever since. In politics, he is a Democrat. In October, 189(), Mr. Svmmcs - • 1 AT- A TT , 1 r A r T- 1 ] u 1 f • 4 - 1 , WILLIAM W. S'l’MMES, riXCINXATI. O was married to Miss Anna Flurd, a daughter ot Mr. Edward Hurd, ot C mcmnati, and grand-daughter of Dr. Alexander Duncan, a very prominent figure in 4'>emocratic politics of Ohio. Mr. S\nimes law offices are located in the Commercial Tribune Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. He resides on W alnut Hills, that city. William W. Symmes, THE BOOK OF OHIO. Frederick L. Taft, ( )f t'le\’elan(l, was born in Bracevilic, Trnnibiill founty, Ohio, December 1st, A. D., 1S70. His parents were from New England, and his father was Newton A. Taft, descended from the same family as President Taft, and his mother was Laura A. Humphrey. ,-\ great uncle, Matthew Birchard, was one of the judges of the Supreme C'ourt of Ohio, in the early days, and one of the leading lawyers of Northern Ohio. Graduated from the .\ewton Balls High School in 18S(i, and from Mt. Ihiion College in 1889. Taught schcjol a short time and attended Cincinnati Law School. Admitted to the bar Deceml)cr 1st, A. I)., 1891, when he was twenty-one years of age. In May, 1898 was a])pointed Assistant C'ounty Solicitor and continued in this office until October 1st, A. I). 1901, when he resigned to enter the general practice of law. Is now a meml)er of the well known hrm of Smith, Taft & Arter. In 1900, Governor Harris a|)i)ointed him as a Judge of the Court (jf Common Pleas to hll a vacancy, and he was nominated by the Republican ('onvention by acclamation. Judge Taft served with general satisfaction in the short time he was on the bench Imt was defeated with the ticket at the election, although he rau several thousand votes better than the other judicial candidate. He was Chairman of the Twenty-First Congressional Committee in 1896 and of the Re|)ublican City and C'ounty Executive Committees in 1897. Was a member of the State C'cntral C'cnnmittee in 1900, and has served many times as a delegate to the City, ('ounty and State C'onventions. Was C'hairman of the last two conventions of the Repub- lican ])arty in Cleveland. In 1908 Judge Taft was a delegate to the Reiniblican National Coiu’ention at Chicago and assisted in nominating President Taft. He i^^ a 02nd (k'givi' Mason, Knight Templar and a Shriner. Is District Dei)Uty of the Knights of Pjphias and a member of the Sons ol X’eterans. .\ member oi the Sigma AIj)ha Epsilon College Eraternity, and of the Phi Delta Phi Law Fraternity ; a member of the Sons of (he American Re\'olu(ion and an active member of the Cleveland C'haml)er of Commerce. Belongs to the Union Club of Cle\-eland and to tlu' C'olumbus Club, Columbus, Ohio. Is a Trustee of Mount Ihiion College, his Alma Mater. Judge* Tall was married October 28th, 1901, to Mary Alice Arter, daughter of Frank A. Arter, of Cleveland, and a sister of his lireseni ])arliu'r. He has a family of three sons, consisting of Kingsley Arter, l)orn July 19th, 1903, Charles Newton, December 14th 1901, and I'redi-rick L., Jr., born August 15th, 1906. He has always been active in the ranks of the Repul)lican party. Henry Waters Taft, ;\ prominent lawyer ol New \'ork City, iind President ot the ()hio Society of New York, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on the 27th of May, 1859, the son of the Hon. Alphonso 'I'.dt and Louise Maria Torrey Taft. He is a l)rother of President William LI. Taft, He )race 1 ). 'I'afl and half brother of ('has. P. Taft. He was educated at Yale, graduating in 1880, with the degree of A. B., and recei\ing the honorary degree of A. M. in 1905. L|)on lea\dng Yale, Mr. 'baft attended the ('incinnati Law School and the ('olumbia Law School. He was admittc'd to the bar in 1882, and since that time has practiced his profession in New X’ork. He is a member of the hrm of Strong N Cadwalader. Mr. 4'aft Idled the ])osition of SjK’cial Assistant to Attorney General of the United States in the iiu'estigation and the prosecution of the tobacct.) trust, resigning this office in January, 1907. Mr. 4'aft is a 4'rustee of the Mutual Life Insurance C'ompany, Director of the American 1 lawaian Steamshi]) C'ompany, a member of the New York Public Library Board since 1908; Chairman of the C'ouncil University Settlement; member of the Bar .Xssociation of the City of New X’ork; the State Bar Association; Skull and Bones Psi U|)silon, Uniwrsity Club, Century, Yale, Carden ('ity Coif, Shinnecock Hills (lolf, Down 4'own, Midday and Re|)ublican C'lul). From 1896 to 1900, Mr. I'alt was a member of the Board ot Education of New 4’ork; in 1901 he was ,i member ol the ('barter Re\'ision ('ommission, to re\dse the ('barter of Greater New X’ork; and Irom 1903 to 1905 he was 4'rustec of the C'ollege of New X'ork. Mr. Talt was married to Miss Julia XX'. Smith, of Troy, N. Y., on the 28th of Marc'h, 1883. He resides at 36 XXYst 48th Street, New York. His offices are at 40 XX'all Street. lIUNR'i WA CURS TAF-T, NliW 'lORK, N. Y. John Robert Tanner, Probate Judge of Madison ('(junty, Ohio, and a prominent member of the Madison County Bar, was born on the 2nd oi October, 1874, at Mt. Sterling, Ohio, the son of C'ourtney and Esther J. McDowell I'anner, both natives of the Buckeye State. His father was a farmer. Mr. J. R. I'anner was educated in the i)ub!ic schools of Mt. Sterling, l.ater he attended the Ohio State University, taking a law course, and graduating from that institution in 1900, with the degree of LL. B. Being admitted to the bar before the Supreme ('ourt of Ohio, Mr. Tanner immediately took up the practice of his chosen profession, in which he has been \'ery successful. An ardent Republican and an active worker in the ranks of his party, he was, in 1905, nominated for the office of Judge of the Probate Court, and he was duly elected. His administration of the duties of this important position has been marked by fidelity, ability and thorough satisfaction to the people, and so much was he appreciated, that he was re-elected to a second term ol office in 1908. Judge 4'anner also is iuterested in Banking and Farming. Socially, Judge 4'anuer is connected with Sterling Lodge, 1. and A. M. No. 269; C'ircleville C hapter, R. A. M. No. 20; Garfield Commandery, K. 4'. No. 28. He is a member of the 1. O. O. h. ; THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1093 the K. of P. and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. On the 21st of February, 1895 he was married to Miss Alice Ingrim. One daughter, Esther Margaret, and two s(jns, John Robert and Charles Courtney Tanner have blessed their union. Judge Tanner resides at London, Madison County, Ohicj. Edward L. Taylor, Jr., Congressman from the Twelfth Ohio District, and one of the leading members of the Franklin County Bar, is a native of Columbus, being born on the 10th of August, 1809. He is the son of Edward L. Taylor, one of the most prominent lawyers of the Buckeye State. Congressman Taylor was educated in the public schools of his native city, grad- uating trom high school in 1887. The following year he began preparation for admissicm to the bar, and was a student under his father, who was a member of the firm of Taylor & Taylor, at Columbus. On the 3rd of December, 1891, Mr. Edward L. Taylor, Jr., was admitted before the bar of the Supreme Court of Ohio, taking up the practice of his chosen profession immediately after. In politics. Congressman Taylor is an ardent Republican, and he has served the party and the people in general in many capacities. In November, 1899, he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Franklin County, his opponent being Albert Lee Thurman, a grandson of the Hon. A. G. Thurman. At the close of his first term, having performed his duties with great ability, he was re-elected by a largely increased majority over that of his first election. Mr. Taylor served as Prosecuting Attorney until the 3rd of March, 19U5. At the November election of 1904, he was, after having been nominated for Congress without opposition, elected to represent the Twelfth District in the Lower House of the National Congress. He still holds that position, having been re-elected in 1906, 1908 and 1910. On the 4th of January, 1894, Mr. Taylor was united in marriage to Miss Marie A. Firestone, of Columbus, a daughter of Hon. C. D. Firestone. Mr. Taylor is a prominent member of the Masonic bodies, the Elks and other well known secret organizations. He resides in Columbus. EDWARD L. TA^l’LOR JR.. COLUMBUS. O. Albert Clifton Thompson, Judge of the United States District Court, ('incinnati, Ohio, was born January 23, 1842, in Brookville, Jefferson ('ounty. Pa. His parents were John J. Y. and Agnes Kennedy Thompson. Judge Thompson, when seventeen years old, began the study of law in the office of Captain \V. W. Y'ise, at Brooki ille, continuing for a period of two years, until the Civil War liroke out, when on April 23, 1861, he enlisted in the Union Army and marched with Captain A. A. McKnight’s “three-months" men to join the army under Patterson in the valley of Virginia. Before the expiration of his three months’ term he was promoted to the rank of Sergeant of Company 1, 8th PennsyK'ania Wlunteer Infantry. When the country realized the fact that the War could not be brought to a success- ful conclusion within three months and President Lincoln issued his call for three years. Judge Thompson on the 27th of August, 1861, again offered his ser\ ices and enlisted as a private in Co. B, 105th Pennsyh-ania Ydunteer Infantry. Rapid promotion followed. First Sergeant, then Second Lieutenant, and on the 26th of November, 1861, he was transferred to Company K of the same regiment and promoted Captain. He was wounded at the battle of Liar Oaks, recei\4ng a bullet in the back under the right shoulder. He had just turned to give his company the command to advance when the ball struck and fortunately was deflected, making a severe but not a dangerous wound. He spent sometime in the hospital and at home, and having recovered from his injuries he again joined his regiment at Harrison's Landing and was with it in ever\' subsequent engage- ment, including the second battle of Bull Run, where he recei\‘ed a wound which at that time appeared to be fatal and from the effects of which he is still suffering. The ball struck him in the right breast, fracturing the second and third ribs, passing through the upper part of his right lung and lodging in the walls of the body be\’ond, where it still is. He was removed to Washington, where under the careful nursing of his mother, he partially recovered. Afterwards he entered the office of W. P. and G. A. Jenks and resumed the study of law. Was admitted to the bar of Jef- ferson C'ounty, Pa., in December, 1864, and in the following year moved to Portsmouth, ( )hio. In 1869 he was electeil Probate Judge of Scioto Count^■, and in 1881 was elected Common Pleas Judge and ser\'ed until he was elected to Congress as a Representative of the Tenth Congressional District of Ohio. He served in the Forty-Ninth, Fiftieth and Fifty-First Congresses. During the Fift\’- First Congress he served on the Judiciary and Foreign Affairs Committees. As a member of the Judiciary Committee he was made Chairman of a sulvanmnittee to in\-estigate certain alleged illegal practices in the United States Courts, in various parts (jf the countr\- and made a report which was printed by the House and which brought good results. He also took an acti\'e part in framing the McKinley bill; he wrote the 24th section of that bill. Upon his retirement from Congress, Judge Thompson was appointed a memlier of the “Ohio Tax Commission," ser\4ng as Chairman. The report of that Commission, prepared by him, is now to be found in all libraries as a book of reference, respecting systems of taxation. Later he was appointed by President McKinley as a member of the “Commission to Codify the C'riminal and Penal Laws of the United States." That code was adopted by the Sixtieth Congress and constitutes the Criminal Code of the United States today. In 1898 he was appointed Judge of the United States District Court of Southern ()hio. Judge Thompson died January 26th, 1910, from effects of a wound recei\-ed at the second battle of Bull Run, August 29th, 1862. Judge Thompson was regarded by the bench and bar as an "ideal judge,” fearless and just in the performance of duty. ALBERT C. THOMPSON, CINCINNATI, d THE BOOK OF OHIO. Francis Willcox Treadway, ( )iu‘ of the most prominent Republicans of Ohio, and leading attorney of Cdeveland, ()liio, is a native of C'onnecticiit, horn on the 7tli of January, 1869, at New Haven, the ^on of Augustin R. Treadway and Mary L. Mansfield Treadway. He is of New England stock, his ancestors ha\ing settled in those states long before the Revolution. Thejp on both sides of the family, engaged in all the C'olonial Wars and as early as King Philip’s War; they took part iti the stritggle for independence, and, on mother’s side, in the civil War. ( )ne grandfather served in thirty-three sessions of the Connecticut State Legis- kittire atid others served iti varioits ci\ il capacities. Mr. Treadway received his education frotn Worcester, in 1890, with the degree of B. S. and from Yale two years later with the d.egree ot EL. B. After beitig adtnitted to the bar, Mr. Treadway took up the practice of his i)rofession, in which he has been very successful. At present he is a member of ihe well known Clex’eland law firm ol Treadway N Marlatt, with oflices in the Society lor Savings Building. Mr. Treadway started in i)ul)lic life at the age of thirty-three years, when he was ap])ointed United States Commissioner lor the Northern District of Ohio, lie has always been a staunch Rc|niblican, e\'er ready to ser\'e his party and the people in general with all his ability. He was a member cd' the Ohio General iWsembly during the years 1904 and 190,6. During this session he serx’cd on the Committee for Schools, Cities and Girl’s Industrial Home, and was Chairman ot the Committee on Banks and Banking. He introduced a number ot ini])ortant bills, the most prominent being the lollowing: School Code, Bank Inspection, Police Pension Fund (making levy coni])ul- sory) and City Depository Law. In 1907 he was nominated by the Repul)licans of Cleveland for the office of I’resident of City Council, but was defeated with the balance of the ticket. In 1908 he was Iionored Ijy the Repttblican State Con\’cntion with the nomination tor Lieutenant Governor, and this time lu' was elected at the Nowmilier election. In 1910 he was renomitiated for the same ijosition, but was defeated with the balance ol the Re])tiblican State ticket the same year. Mr. Treadway is a member and director of the Re])ublican Tippecanoe Club of CleN’eland ; 'I'lvastirer ot llu“ Cle\eland Bar Association; Tritstce of the Jones Home for Fricmlless Children; Tnistee of the Cleve- land Newsboy's .Association, and a metnber ol the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He is a Trustee, though not a member of Pilgrim Congregational Church at Cle\eland. He also is a Director of the Auto Supply Specialty ('omi)any and of the Cleveland Phonogra])h Record ('oni])any. W’ith Mr. Marlatt he is joint author of “Treadway & Marlatt on Adechanics Liens.’’ On the ,6th of JanuaiA', 1897, Mr. Treadway was joined in marriage to Miss Ifsther Sutliff Frisbie. 'Lwo children, Frances Sessions Treadway .md Augnslin Russc'll 'Fia-adway have blessed their union. Air. Treadway resides at Lakewood, ()hio, a beautiful suburb of ( 'le\'eland. William Henry Tucker, .\ttorne>'at Law and Postmaster ol I'oledo, ()hio, lielongs to the best kn(.)wn men (4 his home city. He was born at La])orle, Lorain County, Ohio, on the 6th of ( tctfdK'r, 1849, llu' son of John Alexander and Ldizal)elh Brush Tm'ker, natives of Ohio and Connecticut respt'ct iwly. Air. 4'ucker is ot Scotch- Irish-German-Fnglish extraction, his ancestors luning Ii\ed in this ('ountry lor many generations. His education was obtained at Baldwin Lnixersity, from which he graduated in 1876, and for one year at Cornell Ibiix’er- sit\'. He later studied law under Judges George R. Haines and Air. Emory 1). Potter, of 'Fok-do, ()hio, was admitted to the bar in 1876, after which he immediately took u]i the practice of his chosen profession. I le ])racticed law until 1899, when he was appointed to the office ol Postmaster ol Toledo, a j.)osition he still occu])ies. He also is a stock- holder of the I'iast Side Banking Company and A'ice- President of the Toledo Title and 'Frust Company. Politically, Air. Tucker is a staunch Republican, and it can be trnth- fulh’ said that he has serxed his jxarty in many capacities. F'or four years he xvas a member of the Board of Education and for one year President of that body. F'or txventy years he xvas a membra' ot tlu“ Lucas County Republican Fixecutive ('ommittee and chair- man of lliat organization for three terms; for ten years he belonged to the Congressional Committee and for years to the Judicial Committee. In 1892, Air. Tucker xvas a delegate to the Republican National Conx’ention. Socially, he is Ik'esident of the William AFc- Kinlex’ Club; President of the FAist Side Improx'cment Association; President of the 'Foledo Board ot Trustees, ot Toledo I’nixersity ; a member of the Lincoln Club; a Mason; Knight Templar and K. of P. On the lUth of April, 1883, he was married to Miss Harriet A’an Gorder. They hax’C six chiklrcn. Air. I'ucker resides at 616 Sixth Street, Foledo, ( )hio. Emmett Tompkins, ( )f Columbus, ( )hio, ranks among the foremost e.xponents of the laxv in Central Ohio. He is the son of Hon. Cydnor B. and Alary N. F'outs Tompkins, the father haxang been a very distinguished laxvyer (jf his time. Air. Emmett Tom|xkins attended the public schools at AlcConnellsx ille until he was txvelx'e years of age, xvhen his parents died, anrl his guardian. Air. W'illiam Vorhees, took charge of him. He later i)ursued a scientific classical course at the Ohio State University, at Athens. Like his distinguished father. Air. Fanmett Tcnnpkins selected the laxv as his x’oeation in life, and studied Blackstone under the preceptorship of Judge John W elsh, and afterxvards under that eminent laxvyer. General C. H. Grosvenor. He was admitted to the bar in 1876, and at once began the prac- tice of his chosen profession. He is and always has been a strong supporter of the princi])les and doctrines of the Republican party. In 1876 he xvas elected C'ity Solicitor of Athens, and two years later, in 1878, Mayor f)f Athens. Before the expiration of his term of office he resigned to acce])t the i)osition of Pnjsecuting Attorney, to which he had been elected. Haxing serxxG xvith great dis- tinction, he was re-elected to a second term for the same office. In 1886 and in 1887, Air. Tompkins was elected to represent Athens County in the House of Representatives of the Ohio General Assembly. During these terms he was Chairman of the Committee on Insurance and a member of the standing Committees on Judiciary, and Railroads and Telegraixhs. He was a x^^ery valuable and Wll.LI XM n I UCKtR, rOLEDO, () THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1095 active member of the Legislature and took a great interest in shaping of legislation, having always the interest of the people at heart. In 1900 he was elected to represent the 10th Ohio District in the National Congress, having, in 1889, removed from Athens to Col- umbus, Ohio, where he became a member of the firm of Merrick & Tompkins. The 10th Ohio District was at that time stronglv Democratic, but the popularity of Mr. Tompkins brought it within the Republican columns. Upon his retirement from Congress, Mr. Tompkins devoted himself exclusively to his extensive private practice. His offices are located in the First National Bank Building, Columbus, Ohio. Arthur I. Vorys, 01 Columbus, Ohio, a Republican leader of national reputation, is a native of Fairfield County, where he was born on the 2.5th of November, 1856, at the county seat, Lancaster. His father, Isaiah Vorys, was also born and reared in Lancaster, while his mother, Mrs. Kmily Webb Vorys, was a native of Hocking County. Mr. Arthur I. Vorys secured his education in the Lancaster schcjols, from which he graduated with high honors. He supplemented his education by attending the Ohio State University for one year. Upon leaving school he worked in his father’s i^laning mill for some time and then went to Toledo, where he was engaged in the office of an architect for one year. Returning to Lancaster he began the study of law under John S. Brasee, an eminent member of the Fairfield County Bar, and in 1879 was admitted to practice his profession. In 1884 he was chosen City Solicitor of Lancaster, and served two terms to the satisfaction of the people of that city. His acti\’c career in State affairs was begun in 1900, when the late Governor Nash called him from his large practice in Lancaster, to assume control of the Insurance Department of Ohio to fill the un- expired term of \V. S. Matthews. Governor Nash, in 1902, appointed him for a full term of three years, ending in June, 1905, when he was named for another term by Governor Herrick. Before the expiration of this term of office, on the 16th of December, 1907, Mr. Vorys resigned his position to take charge of the preliminary Taft campaign. This work brought Mr. Vorys prominently into the public eye of the state and nation. When the name of the that time Secretary of War was mentioned in connection with the Presidential nomination, Mr. Vorys was jilaced in charge of the Ohio Bureau. W ith the progress of the ante-nomination campaign, he assumed a higher position in the councils of Secretary Taft's friends. His operations in behalf of the Ohio candidate became national in scope, they were marked with rare discretion and success and consecjuently Mr. \’orys became a national figure. After the election of Mr. Taft to the Presidency, Mr. Vorys retired to pri\-ate life, he having refused important positions in the gift of the National Government. While at the head of the Insurance Department of the State, Mr. \’orys was recognized as one of the great insurance authorities of the country, and Ohio, through his administration, was placed in the ^■ery fore front of the other states of the Union, whose insurance interests were in intelligent and popular hands. Mr. \’orys was the author of the code of insurance laws passed by the second session of the Seventy-Seventh General Assembly, although a special committee of the Senate and House were popularly supposed to have that work in charge. Mr. Vorys was married to IMiss Heanny M. McNeill, of Lancaster, in 1891. They are the happy parents of four sons. William R. Warnock, Former United States Pension Agent at Columbus, Ohio, is a native of Champaign County. He was born in Urbana, on the 29th of August, 1838, in the same house in which his mother was born, on the 8th of January, 1814. His father, Da\4d Warnock, was of Plnglish descent, though born in Ireland, while his mother, Sarah A. Hitt, was of German extraction. His paternal great grandfather was a Rector in the established church cjf Fngland ; his grandfather removed to County Monaghan, Ireland, and became an Elder in the Presbyterian Church, and it was in that county were Da^■id Warnock was born. At the age of eighteen the latter came to America, located in Ohio, later entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church and was connected with the Ohio and Cin- cinnati Conferences until his death, in 1882. The ancestors of his mother came to \’ir- ginia in 1730, and members of the family have obtained pnmiinence in many states. The maternal grandfather of Judge M’arnock, Samuel Hitt, was also a minister of the gospel. Mr. William R. Warnock’s early education was obtained in the public schools of Urbana. leaving school he began teaching himself and in this way earned the money with which to equip himself with a collegiate education. Entering Ohio Wesleyan Ihiiversity, at Delaware, he pursued his studies at this well known institution and was graduated with the class of 1861. After this he studied law in the office of Judge Corwin, but after a few months abandoned them for service in the I'nion Army. He recruited a company and was commissioned Captain in July, 1862, and assigned to the 95th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was twice promoted for gallant and meritorious conduct, first as Major and then as Lieutenant Colonel of his regiment. He was slightly wounded in the right ear in one action, and in another had a horse killed under him while making a charge on a Confederate battery. Judge Warnock ser\-ed three years and two months, and took part in every battle, skir- mish or march in which his regiment participated during the war. He was mustered out in August, 1865, returned to ITbana, resumed his law studies with Judge Corwin, and in May, 1866, was admitted to the bar. He at once took up the practice of his chosen profession, connected himself with George M. Eichelberger, and remained in partnership with that gentleman until 1879, when he was elected Judge of the Common Pleas Court. From 1868 to 1872 he held the office of Prosecuting Attorney. In 1875 he was elected to the State Senate, ser\4ng in 1876 and 1877. When Governor Hayes was about to leave Columbus for Washington to be inaug- urated as President of the United States, Senator Warnock was selected to make the farewell address in behalf of the Senate. He served two terms on the Common Pleas bench, declining a renomination for a third term. In 1900 Judge Warnock was elected for Congress In the Eighth Ohio Congressional District, ser\ ing also two terms. He now holds the Eederal office of Pension Agent at Co- lumbus. In his political faith he is a Republican; in his religious creed he is a member of the Methodist Church. Socially. Judge Warnock belongs to the Masonic Eraternity; to the Grand Army of the Republic and Eoyal Legion. He was married on the 20th of August, 1868, to Miss Kate Murray, of Clark County. Three children have blessed their union; Clifford M. Warnock, Elizabeth M. and Ann K. Warnock. While the Judge's office is located at Columbus, he still claims Urliana as his residence. John W. Warrington, Of Cincinnati, Judge of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit, was born on the 22nd of July, 1846, in Clark County, Ohio, the son of Rev. Charles B. Warrington, a Methodist minister. Judge Warrington received his education in the public scho o WILLI.WI R. W.XRX'OCK. COLUMBUS, o. lODf) THE BOOK OF OHIO. and under j)rivate tutors. He read law under the preceptorship of the late Alexander Mcriuffe\’, and attended the Cincinnati Law School, graduating from the latter in April, ISO!), and was admitted to the bar immediately after. He then took up the practice of his chosen profession, in which he has been engaged e\'er since. A few months after his admission to practice. Judge Warrington was appointed Assistant City Solicitor 1)\' City Solicitor J. Bryant Walker, of Cincinnati, ser\ing in that office for four terms. In .\l)ril, 1873, he was elected City Solicitcjr and in that position he rendered the city of ('incinnati \ery \’aluable services and established for himself a splendid reputation as l)ractitioner. At the expiration ot his term ol office. Judge Warrington became associated with Mr. 'bhomas B. Paxton, a hrm, which in the course of years became one of the most |)rominent law linns in Ohio. The ])artnershii) continued until Judge Warrington Wits ai)pointed Judge of the Cnited States Circtiit Court of Appeals by President Taft in April, of 1!)()9, to succeed the late Judge John K. Richards. In politics. Judge Warrington has tilwtiys been a faithful Reptiblican, but indeioendent of any local organ- ization. Ouring the Ci\ il War, in the latter part of 1802, Judge W’arrington enlisted in the Hnion Army, and from that time on he |)articipated in all the battles of the Army of the Potomac, with which he was connected. In the battle before Petersburg, on the 2nd of .\])ril, 18()'), he was stwerely wotmded. He returned home after being mustered out and resumed his educational pursuits. Judge W'arrington was married on the29th of June 1871. Mrs. W'arringtou died on the 2nd of Xovember, 1888, lea\’ing two children. In August, 1892, Judge Warrington was married again, to Mrs. Ella Spence Bragg. The family reside at Annwood, Madison Road, East Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. W'arringtcm was apixnnted to the Professorship of Eriuity and Trusts in the Eaculty of the Cincinnali Law School in 19(10, but owing to continued illness of his wife, with whom he had to be away from home so much, he was compt'lled lo gi\'e up (hat work and resigned in 1905. JOI IN W WAKKINC. ION. ( IN( INNA I I, o Holland C. Webster, ( )f Toledo, ( )hio. Prosecuting Attormw’ of Lucas County, is a nati\e Ohi(;an, born on the 3lsl of Hecember, 1870, at Marion, the son of Lorin ('. W’ebstcr, a retired Clergyman, and Angeline B. Dillon Webster. Mr. Webster’s ancestors came to America main- generations ago, one of them, John Webster, was the fifth Governor of Massachusetts. Mr. Webster received a careful education at the juiblic schools of Delphos, Kenton and Toledo, at Toledo and CarcN', ()hio high schools ami Ohio Wesleyan Cni\ersity at Dela- ware, Irom which latter institution he graduated in 1898, with the degree of A. B. In tin- same >ear he was admitted to the bar before the Su|)reme C'ourt of Ohio, having taken a law course at Ohio W esleyan I nix ersity and sttidied law at Kenton, Ohio, w ith the eminent lawyer, George E. Crane. Alter his admission he took ujx the practice of his chosen jirofession at Toledo. Mr. Welister has alwax's been a staunch and actix'e Republican. On the sttiuip as xxell as in the committees he has serx'ed his party in a xery effective manner. He xxas a member of the Lucas County Republican Exectitive Committee and Chairman of the Sixth Judicial Circuit Committee. He filled the |)osition of Assist- ant Prosectiting Attornex' in the years of 1904-1905. On the 3rd of November, 1908, aft(‘r a hard struggle, he xx'as elected to his ])rescnt office by a large majority. Since he took hold of the office he has “made things lixely” in Lucas County and has proven him- selt to^be an official of extraordinary ability. Socially he is a member of the Elks, in xxhich organization he holds the office of Past Exalted Ruler, and a Mason. On the 23rd of July, 1903, he became connected xxith the Ohio Militia. He noxv is Captain of the h'irsl Company, Signal Corps, to xvhich rank he xvas elected on the 7th of January, 1904. He was married on the 25th of July, 1903, to Miss Esma Kutz. He resides at the Yen- dome Mats, xxhile his offices are locatc'd at the Court House of Eucas Cotmty. HOLLAND C. WEBSTER, TOLEDO, O l:DWARD J. WEST. Wll,Mli\tj I ON, O. Edward Joseph West, ( )f Wilmington, ( )hio, one of the C'ommon Pleas Judges for the Third sub-division of the Second Judicial District of Ohio, composed of the counties of Clinton, Greene, Montgomery and W'arren, xvas born on the 8th of December, 1851, at Blanchester, Clinton County, Ohio. His father, Joseph H. W’est, was a natixx' of Clinton County, Ohio, xxhile his mother, Mrs. Henrietta Stroud West, came from Williamstoxvn, Grant County, Kentucky. The father xx'as for many years a practicing attorney at the Bar of W’ilming- ton and a highly respected citizen of his home county. In his boyhood. Judge West resided tipon a farm and obtained his cflucation at the common country schools and the W’ilmington High School. At the age of eighteen years he began teaching school, remaining in that [irofession for txvo years. In the meantime he had engaged in the study of the laxv, xvas admitted to practice before the Supreme ('ourt of Ohio, January 29, 1873, and liegan the practice of his chosen ]xrofession in W’ilmington. He has alxvays been a faithful Republican. In Octolier, 187(i, he xvas elected Prosecuting .‘\ttorney of Clinton County. His term began on the 1st of January, 1877, and he serx ed xvith such distinction that he was re-elected four times, holding the office for txx'eixe successix'c years. On the 4th of Eebruary, 1907, Judge West xvas apjiointed Referee in Bankruptcy for Clinton County by Judge Albert C. Thompson, United States Dis- trict Jtidge for the Southern District of Ohio. He resigned that position to accept the office of Common Pleas Judge, on the 4th of Seixtember, 1908, hax’ing been a]xi)ointc'd to that iiosition by Gox-ernor Andrew L. Harris. In the tall ol 1908 he was elected to the office. He xvas also a delegate to the National Conxention at St. Louis, that 1097 THE BOOK OF OHIO. WADE CUSHING, CINCINNATI, O, nominated William McKinley for the Presidency. Outside of his official duties, Judge West is interested in the Citizens National Bank at \Wlmington, Socially, he is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry (or Grangers), the P O. O. F,, K, of P.. Junior Order of United American Mechanics, Modern Woodmen of America, B, P, O, K,, Royal Arcanum and Daughters of Rebecca. For four years Judge West was a member of the Board of Law E.xaminers, appointed by the Supreme Court of Ohio, serving one year as Chairman of the Board. On the 3rd of January, 1878, he was married to Miss Katherine Elizabeth Bowshier, at Columbus, Ohio. His wife was born in Pickaway County and was a school teacher In' profession. Two children were the fruit of their marriage, one of whom, Mrs. Kathleen Carlisle West W’eller, of Lynch- burg, Virginia, is still living. Mr. and Mrs. WVst attend the Presbyterian Church at Wilmington, of which he is an Elder. 7'he}' reside at 482 W est Locust Street, Wilming- ton Ohio. Wade Cushing, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, Cincinnati, Hamilton ('ounty, Ohio. Julius Whiting, Jr., A prominent lawyer of Canton, ()hio, was born on the 6th of June, 18.3.3, in Canton, and is the son of Julius Whiting, Sr., and Alary K. Stidger Whiting, both natives of Ohio. The mother was the daughter of General George Stidger, who emigrated from Baltimore to Canton, in 1806, where he died in 1826. He was a veteran of the War of 1812. The W’hiting family was founded in America in 1636, where Rev. Samuel W’hiting was installed a pastor of the church of Lynn, A-Iass., he having been the representative of a distinguished family long established at Lincolnshire, England, where his father was Mayor from 1600 to 1608, and his brother John filled the same honorable position in 1655. Through a line of ancestry distinguished throughout the colonial period and the early days of the Republic comes Julius Winting, Sr., who spent his youth and was educated at Colebrook, Conn. He taught school one year and then became engaged in mercantile pursuits, at Amherst, Mass., until 1841, when he located in Canton, where, with the late Isaac Harter, Martin Wickidal and Peter P. Trump he organized the Savings Deposit Bank, which has furnished so much of the substantial aid essential to the establishment of the eminent standing of Canton as an industrial center. He died on the 14th of June, 1896, universally esteemed as the dean of financiers of Canton. In 1861 he purchased the present family home- stead, opposite the McKinley Home. Two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth, died in infancy, and Helen Francis was the wife of Fred- erick S. Hartzell, Canton. She died on the 28th of January, 1901. Julius Jr., is the only surviving child of Julius Whiting, Sr. He received his early education in the Canton public schools. At the age of twelve years he entered the Springfield Alilitary Academy, and later attended a select school at Painesville. In 1872 he matriculated in the Western Reserve University, Hudson, from which institution he graduated four years later, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He received the Master of Arts degree in 1879, from the same institution. He finally took a two years’ post graduate and law course at Har^•ard, and, in 1879 was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of Ohio. Since that time he has been engaged in the practice of his chosen profession in Canton and has met with marked success. Mr. Julius Whiting, Jr., has for many years been a most conspicuous figure in Republican politics in Ohio, and has rendered valuable services to his party. For years he was a member of the Republican State Central Committee; he was presidential elector and has taken an important part on the stump as well as in the councils of his party. He was a close personal friend of President AIcKinley and the late Senator Marcus A. Hanna. On the 9th of No\'ember, 1881, he was married to Miss Harriet M. Gregory, of Hudson, a daughter of Dr. Edwin S. and Clara Baldwin Gregory, representati\-es of the old American families of Baldwin, Gregory and Hudson, which latter founded the town of Hudson, Ohio. Mrs. Whiting is a direct descendant from Hen- drick Hudson, the e.xplorer, famed in early American history. Mr. and Mrs. W’hiting have one child, Helen A. The familv reside at Canton, Ohio. Curtis C. Williams, Of Columbus, Ohio, one of the most able and learned leaders of the Franklin County Bar, was born on the 13th of August, 1861, at Hano^■erton, Columbiana County, Ohio, the son of Dr. R. G. Williams, a well known physician, and Elmira Frost Williams. The father was a native of Ohio and the mother is a native of Ohio. Mr. Williams is of Scotch-Irish ancestry, with an intermingling of Welsh. The family resided lor gener- ations in the country. Joseph F. Williams, his grandfather, was one of the early settlers of Columbiana County. He served one term in the House of the State Legislature and two terms in the Senate. Judge W illiams spent his youthful days in Alliance where he removed with his parents when a child. He obtained his education in the public and high schools of Alliance and at Alt. Lhiion College, graduating from the latter institution in 1883, after which he followed for a while the profession of teaching and serving as Superintendent of schools. Later he came to Columbus, studied law with Converse, Booth Keating, thoroughly acquiring the knowledge of his chosen profession. In 1886, when twenty-six years of age, he was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of Ohio, and immediately entered upon the practice of law, in which he became pre- eminently successful. In political belief. Judge Williams has always been a Democrat. In 1891 he was elected Prosecuting xAttorney of Franklin County, and, having served with great distinction he was renominated by his party for a second term, but lost the election by 109 votes, when the Republican majority for the balance of the ticket was between 2000 and 2500. In 1897 he was nominated for the Common Pleas bench, and this time he was triumphantly elected, running 500 votes ahead of his ticket. He ser\'cd as an impartial judge for one term and then retired to private practice. Judge Williams is a prominent member of the Ohio State and the Franklin County Bar Association, CURTIS C. WILLIAMS. COLUMBUS, o. 109S THE BOOK OF OHIO. lu' is a .‘Vind decree Mason, a Knight 'l\ in])!ar and a ineinl)nr of the Mystic Shrine. He also belongs to the K. of P., the I. O. O. F. and tlu‘ hdks. In ISiKf he was married to Miss Margaret Owen, of Columbus. They have three daughters and two sons. His oflicc- is located in the Kuggery Building, Columbus, Ohio. Knimett Melville Wickham, ( 'onuuon Pleas judge for the first sub-di\ isiou of the Sixth judicial District, was born in ( fenoe Township, Delaware County, Ohio, on the 2!lth of (fctober, IS.a'.), and is the son of Kitredge Ha\X‘ns and Marinda Rose Sebring Wickham. The ancestors of judge Wickham came to W'eat hersfield , Connecticut, in llifS. jonathan Wuckham, a great-great-grandfather of judge Wickham, served in in the re\'olul ionar\- war. .\fter the war he mo\ed to New \'ork State, settling in Plattsburg. Judge Wickham’s father, a shoemaker, basketmaki'i' and stoiu' cutler b\' trade, was born in Ifsse.x County, New York, and came to Delaware ('ounty in 1850. He died in ISO'.), judge Wickham reciTed his education in the Township schools until he was twenty years ol age. In 1880 he secured a teacher’s cei lilicate .md followed that |)rofession for a jieriod of twelve years. In the meantime he had studied law-, and, on the 3rd of December, ISOl, he was admitti'd to tlu‘ bar, taking ujr the practice of his chosen profession in the summer of 1802. Three years later he formed a i)artnershi|) with the Hou. 1'. M. Marriott, under the hrm name of Marriott & Wickham, wdiich partnership lasted until 1890, when Mr. Wickham was elected to the Common Pleas bench. In 1001 he was deleated lor a second term, whereupon he formed a partnership with Messrs. Marriott and I'reshwater in July, 1002. In 1000, judge Wickham was again elected to the Common Pleas bcmch. lie is now serxing his second term of oitice. judge Wickham was first married on the 14th of August, 1888, to Joanna Ixkelbi'rry, of Dt-laware. ( )f this marriage there was one son, joy Carroll. The Judge was married for a second time on the 23rd of julx', 1003, to .\nna A. Reichert. 4'wo children, Frederick Reichert and Susanna were born to them. Socially, judge Wickham is a K. of P. and an h'lk. 4'he family reside at Delaware, Ohio. Henry Archer Williams, .Xltornex’ at Law and one of the best known Republicans in the State of ( )hio, was born on the 1th ol December, 1804, at C'incinnati. His father. Rev. (diaries H. Wdlliams, was a natixe of the ( Vmimonxvealth of Kentucky, while his mother, Mrs. Harriet l.angdon Williams xvas ol ( )hio jiarentage. His ancestors on both sides of the familx' -serx'ed in the War of the Revolution. His great grandfather xvas killed in the Ikitlle of King’s Mountain, and his maternal ancestors took j)art in the battles of Lex- ington, Concord, etc. During the ( ixil Wdir, Rev. (diaries H. Williams xvas (diaplain of the 138th Regiment, ( ). \d 1. Henry Archer Wdlliams receix'ed his education in the com- mon scdiools of Springfield, ( )hio, the Springfield High School and at W ittenlierg College, graduating from high school in 18S1 and from college four years later. He holds the de- grees of A. H. and A.M. W hen txventy-txvo years of age he entered juiblic lilc as ('ommission ( derk in Coxernor I'oraker’s office. In 1894 he xvas ajipointed First Assistant Prosecut- ing Attorney of I'damklin ('ounty, ( )hio, and in 1901), President McKinley ap]ioinled him Superxisor of the ('ensus for Franklin, h'airfield and Licking Counties. In 1908 he reci'ix'cd the a])pointment by Mayor Bond as d'rustee of the Columbus Public Library. 1 )uring all his mature life, Mr. Williams has been a staunch Repulilican and he has serxed his jiarty in manx' capacities. During the campaign of Mr. Wdlliam H. d'aft tor the Presidencx’, Mr. W illiams had charge of the xxmrk in Ohio under Mr. Vorys. In the cam- ])aign of I90(S he xvas chairman of the Republican State Executive Committee of Ohio. In 1910 he xvas appointed National Bank Examiner by President Taft, with head(iuarters at Pittsburg, Pa. He is a member ol the Alasonic Fraternity, being a 32nd rlegree Scottish Rite Mason; a member of the Sons of the American Rex-olution, and also a Beta Theta Pi College Fraternity, in which organizatit)!! he has held the jiosition of National College Secretary and as a member of the Board of Trustees. He has been Secretary, d'reasurer and Vice-President of the Ohio Society, S. A. R. and President of Benjamin Franklin Chapter, S. A. R. ( )n the 24th of Nox'ember, 1887, he xvas married at Springfield, Ohio, to Miss Elizabeth L. Thomas; three boys, Morris Holliday, Langdon d'homas and Cordon Early Williams have been the fruit of their marriage. Adr. Williams is a member of the Eastwood Congregational Church, Columbus, Ohio. Hermann Witte, A prominent attorney at laxv at Nexv York City, xvith offices at 25 Broad Street, is a born Cincinnatian. He first saw the light of day in the year of ISlil). His father, a xvholesale butcher, xvas a natix^e of Cermany, haxdng emigrated from Cologne, the ancient city on the Rhine Rixer, to the United States and settled in ('incinnati, xvhere he liecame one of the substantial business men of the Oueen City. Young Witte receixed a x’ery careful education at St. Xaxier’s College, at Cincinnati and the St. Louis, Ado. IJnix'er- sity. After graduating from the latter institution of learning, Air. Wdtte entered the United States Army and for a numlier ol years saw' actix'c dutx' on the Western frontier. Having receix'ed an honorable discharge upon e.xpiration of his time of scrx’ice, Air. Wdtte re- turned to his natix'e city, entering the police department, serxdng from the rank to Lieutenant. He afterwards was transferred to the Detcctix'e Department, xvhere he shoxved an extraordinary ability. During the time of his serxice as a detectix'e, Adr. Wdtte took up the study of laxv. Upon being admitted to the liar before the Supreme C'ourt of Ohio, Adr. Wdtte resigned as detective and entered upon the practice of his chosen profession, in which he is pre-eminently successful. He practiced for a number of years at Cincinnati, and then joined the Ohio Colony in the Adetropolis of the countrx'. HENRY A. WILLIAMS, PITTSBURG, PA. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1099 Oliver P. Anderson, A well known C'apitalist of London, Madison C'ounty, Ohio, was l)orn on the 12th of April, 1853, at \ andalia, Montgomery Count}’, Ohio. His father was a nati\'e ot Pennst’L ania, a farmer and a \eteran of the War of 1812, while his mother was born in Staunton, \hr- ginia. Mr. Anderson was educated in the public schools of his native county and at the Xatioi'ial Normal I ni\ersity, Lel)anon, ()hio. At the age of sixteen t’ears he started in public life as assistant teacher in the Montgomery C'ount}’ pulilic schools. Ke then entered the railroad Itusiness, and for a period of twent\' \’ears filled positions in the General I’assenger Agent Departments of the L. K. & W. and Big Four Railroad Com- panies. He now is engaged in Industrial and Mining Investments. Mr. Anderson is one of the original incorporators and a member of the Board of Directors of The Peoples C'ommercial and Sa\’ings Bank, just organized at London, Ohio. In politics, Mr. Ander- son is a Republican. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic Fraternity and of the Knights of Pythias. On the 12th of June, 1889, Mr. Anderson was married to Miss Laura Kinney, of London, a daughter of the late John Kinney, for many years a leading merchant of London. Mrs. Anderson died in December, 1894. Mr. Anderson is a public-spirited man, broadminded, upright in all his dealings, of a kind, lo\able and gen- erous nature, and always willing to assist in worthy causes. His unostentatious bene- factions are gratefully held In memory by many whom he has c]uietly aided, most mater- ially, his particular line of activity in this respect being the education of deserving boys whose talents and general worth give promise of development which will be of benefit to humanity, but his work in this line is done on his own initiative, thus enabling him to be relieved of the annoyance of mendicants. Many most able young men today grate- fully attribute to Mr. Anderson, credit for their progress, due entirely to his love for his fellow man. 'I he local Post of the G. A. R. is possessed of a handsomely embossed Roster and Record Book given by Mr. Anderson as a memorial of his wife, Laura Kinney Anderson, the book being one of the most handsome of its kind ever produced. Mr. .Anderson had the work quietly presented. He is a member of the Church of Friends, or Quakers. Mr. .Anderson resides at Second and Ihiion Streets, London, (Jhio. O. P. .ANDERSON. Edmund Frederick Arras, Of Columbus, Ohio, was born on the 7th of July, 1875, at Dat’ton, Ohio. His father, John D. Arras, was a native of Columbus and was proprietor of The Columbus .Awning and Tent Company for twenty-one years. He was a 32nd degree Mason. His mother was Clara H. Schneider .Arras. She was born in Columbus. Her parents came from Germany with the great grandfather of our subject, Frederick Jaeger, who was one of the pioneers of C'olumbus. The paternal grandfather, John Nicholas .Arras, was a pioneer settler of Dayton, Ohio. Mr. Edmund F. .Arras’ father died on the 21st of Decemb.er, 1907; the mother is still ll\ing. Air. E. F. .Arras receix'ed his education in the public schools of Dayton and at the Columbus high schools. In 1895 he graduated from the Law Depart- ment of Ohio State Fniversity when but twenty }ears of age. Being too young to be admitted to the bar he took a post graduate course and was admitted to practice on the day following his 21st birthday. .After leaving high school he was Secretary to the late Judge Eli P. E\-ans, who for twenty-five years was a Judge of the Common Pleas Court. The association with the judge had a \ ery I'.eneficial intlucr.ee on Mr. .Arras. In 1891, while attending the university, he established and conducted a rental agency, and after graduation also irracticed law for four years. In the mcantiire the rental agency had grown to such proportions that he thereafter ga\e It his entire attention. Mr. .Arras' agency is now (me of the largest in Ohio, representing among other large interests and important buildings many ctf the largest trusts and estates in the cit\’ of Columlnis. In 1897 Mr. .Arras was married to Miss Elizabeth P. AIcDermeiU, of Columbus, dauehter of James P. AIcDerment, a pioneer of Columbus, who conducted an extensi\e wholesale and retail feed business on West Broad Street for over thirt}'-fi\ e years and was for years State Treasurer of the 1.0. O. E. Air. .Arras is a public-spirited and n'.odel citizen. He is a member of the Columbus Board of Trade: President and Director of the Lni\er- salist Church; President cf the Alen’s C lub of said church and Superintendent ot the Sunday School. He is also A’ice-President of the Franklin County Inter-denominational Sunday School .Association and President of the C'entral Ohio IhiiNersallst Churches. During his course at the University, Air. .Arras was President of the Horton Librare’ Society and class historian of the Law Department. His offices are ktcated in a well appointed suite of rooms at 1 1 C 2 North High Street, in the historic Deshler Block, Co- lumbus, Ohio. Charles Robert Atherton, General Secretary, Treasurer and IMitor of the Aletal Polishers International I nion, Cincinnati, Ohio, ranks among the best known leaders ot organized labor in Southc-rn Ohio. He has devoted his life to the betterment of the men who toil, and has b'een acti\e in many reforms that benefit the masses. Fie was born on the 4th of .August, 1871, at Watertown, N. AA, the son of Levi and Charlotte Thomas .Atherton. The father was an inventor and prominently connected with the Remington T}’pewriter ( cmipany, at Ilion, N. AA Air. Atherton was educated in the public schools of his home state and also attended a business college. Later he learned the trade of metal polisher and Imffer. He started in public life at the age of twenty-se\'en yctirs, when he was elected a member of the Ohio E. E. ARR.-\S. 1100 THE BOOK OF OFIIO. State Legislature, representing Montgomery County in the lower house of the 74th General Assembly. While a member of the Legis- lature, he was a member of the committee on Labor and of the Committee on S. & S. O. H. He took an active part in the shai)ing of Legislation and was the author of a bill, j)lacing conductors on all street cars. He also was interested in many bills for the uplift of tlu“ workingman. Politically, Mr. Atherton is a staunch Democrat. He has always been an active political worker and has made many speeches in behalf of his jKirty. Socially, he is a member of the 1. O. O. F., of the Mf)dern Woodmen of America and an Ikigle. ( )n the 2Dth of .\o\ember, IS!)!), he was married to Miss Susie McCandless. They have two children. The family reside at 2221 Kenton Stri-et, Cincinnati. Mr. Atherton’s offices are located in the Neave Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. Harry T. Atkins, ( )ne of the leading business men of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born r him an actix'c ap]xreciation from a xx ide circle eel trienels. He is onx' ol the best knoxvn men in Southern Ohio. Lewis G. Bernard, WYll knoxvn Journalist, Laxvyer and Political dreader (jf Cincinnati, Ohio, was b(xrn on the 4lh of Octolxcr, 184.5, in Nexv York. His parents xx-ere Gustaxus and Betsie Judah Bernard. The father xvas a distinguished Rabbi and closely associated xvith the noted Rabbi, Isaac Ad. Wise, of (dneinnati, O. Mr. Bernard xvas educated in the jnilxlic and high schools of Nexv Adxrk, after xvhich he took a course at the Albany, N. Y. Normal School. After his graduation from that xvell knoxvn institution, he attended the Albany Laxx' School, reading laxv under the prominent judge, Ira Harris. He graduated and came to Cincinnati in 1805, xvhere for a period of ten years he xvas engaged in the iron business, taking an actix^e part in Democratic politics. In 1875 he xx'as elected Clerk ol the Board of Improx’ements, and serx'ed as such for one year, xvhen he was elected clerk of the Hamilton C'ounty C'ourts, filling that office for three years xvith credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction of the people in general. Retiring from that office. Air. Bernard entered the field of journalism and has since then Ixeen on the staff of the Cin- cinnati Knf|uirer. In 1883, Adr. Bernard was elected C’hairman of the Democratic Kxecutix’c C ommittee of Hamilton ( ounty and has been chosen to fill the same oflice at exx'i-y election held since then. There has been no political campaign during the last Ixventy-five years in xvhich he has not taken an actix-'e and conspicions part. As a public- speaker he has rare tact, poxver and elo(|uence; as a party leader he is liy no means con- fined to the limits of ( )hio. He xvas married to Adiss Julia Furst, daughter ol Jacob Furst. Four children, of xx’hom three surxix-e, have blessed their union. Air. Bernard resides on Wkilnut Hills, Cancinuati, Ohio. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1103 William J. Berning, One of the Charter Members and Past Worthy President of Cincinnati Aerie Xo. 142, Fraternal Order of Eagles, is a native Cincinnatian, born on the 7th of February, 18(35. His father, William Berning, was a native of Germany and had emigrated to the Lhiited States when a young man, settling in Cincinnati, where in later years he was a member of the police force for twenty-four years. He died in 1888. Mr. Berning’s mother died when William J. was but one year old. Mr. Berning received his education in the Catholic and Cincinnati public schools, in the Intermediate Schools and one year at high school. At the age of se^•enteen years he started in business life, filling an office position with one of the largest wholesale and retail grocery stores in Cincinnati. Five years later he be- came connected with the office force of the Adams Express Company, at Cincinnati, and at present holds the position of Clerk in the Auditor’s office of that Company at C'in- cinnati. Mr. Berning is a staunch Democrat. Socially, he is a prominent member of the Eagles, having gone through all the chairs of the Cincinnati Aerie. The latter, with a membership of over 1(500, is one of the strongest fraternal organizations in Cincinnati, and Mr. Berning has done more than his share to make it such. In October, 1887, Mr. Berning was married to Miss Annie Gabelman, of Portsmouth, Ohio. One Iwy, William H. Berning, now sixteen years old, was born to them. Bissinger’s Is a name well known in Cincinnati, and, in fact, all over the country, for it is a synonym of what is most excellent in the line of French candies and sweet-meats. The firm, the factory and the headciuarters, of which are located in Cincinnati, was founded a half a century ago by Mr. Fred Bissinger, who introduced for the first time in this country French candies of a superior c[uality. Mr. Bis- singer was born in Mannheim, Germany, of Alsace-Eorraine descent, the son of a prominent cake baker in Kaiserslautern. From the beginning his business has met with well merited success. His production has been since then imitated all o\er the count rv, but never eciualled, for, nevertheless, the Bissinger candies still stand foremost in their line of delicacies, and are, today, the finest in the United States. At the head of the firm are at this time Mr. F. W. Cooper and Mr. Fred Bissinger. The factory is located at the Xk \\k Corner of Pearl and Main Streets, Cincinnati, and the store at 434 Main Street, that city. James Boyle, Of Columbus, Ohio, was born on the 28th of X’o\ember, L853, in Essex County, England, he being the son of James Boyle and Sarah Bowen Boyle. His education was obtained principally by personal efforts. At the age of fifteen years he came with his parents to America. He learned the printing trade and afterwards became an expert stenographer, he being for one session an official rejrorter of debates in the Canadian Parliament, at Ottawa. Eor many years Mr. Boyle was in the newspaper business, as reporter, cor- respondent and in an editorial capacity, he ha\ing been connected in turn with the Tor- onto (Canada) Mail, the Montreal Herald, the St. Louis (ffobe Democrat (under the famous "Joe” McCullagh, the "father of interx'iewing"), and the Cincinnati (fazette, and afterwards with the combined Commercial Gazette. He was on the latter paper for o\'er a dozen years, as reporter, political corres])ondent, and as assistant editor, his chief being the distinguished Ohio Journalist, Murat Halstead. In 188(3 IMr. Boyle was appointed by Governor Foraker a member of the non-partizan Board of Police C'ommis- sioners of Cincinnati, to reorganize the force on a ci\ il ser\ ice basis, he ser\ ing from December, 1886 to (March, 1890. He took an active part in the suppression of pul)lic gambling, which at that time was rampant in Cincinnati. Among other reforms he initiated were the establishment of "places of detention" (instead of the common lockup) for women and children under arrest, the appointment of police matrons, the use ot covered instead of open patrol wagons, and the institution of police gymnasiums and baths and recreation rooms for members of the lorce. From 1893 to 189(3 (inclusixe) Mr. Boyle was Pri\'ate Secretary to William McKinley, through both of his gubernatorial terms. He also acted as Mr. McKinley's Secretary all through the succeeding year, including the campaign tor the Presidency: and he went to the inauguration with the new President and acted as his confidential non-official Secretary for several months at the White House. From 1897 to 1905 (both inclusive), Mr. Bo\ le was American Consul at LiA'erpool, England, and subsequently he was Chairman of a company in the same city to coal ships autoniaticalh' with an American invention. In politics, Mr. Boyle has always been a staunch Republican, and outside of newspaper writing his political activity has been manifested mostly in club (wganization. He is one of the founders of the noted Young Men's Blaine Club of Cincinnati, and of the Buckeye Republican Club of Columbus, Ohio. He is known as the "Eather of the League,” from the fact that the league idea in club organization originated with him. He was the founder of the first State League of Republican Clubs — that of Ohio, in 1885-1886, and was one of its early Presidents. The Xational League of Clubs sprang from this mo\'ement, and he was the Chairman of the Constitution of that organization at its first coiu'ention, at Chickering Hall, Xew York, in 1887. At the second con^•ention of the Ohio State League (in 1887), there was started, on Mr. Bo\le’s action, a Xational movement for the annual celebration of Lincoln's birthday, which celebration has since developed outside of party lines. Socially, Mr. Boyle is a Mason and a Knight of lA'thias. He is the author of a manual on the duty of the police, particularly in criminal matters; he was one of the joint compilers of a volume of McKinley’s speeches, and in conjunction with Hon. Robert P. Porter (Editor of the Xew York Press, and Director of the I nited States Census) he wrote the standard campaign life of William McKinley. While United States Consul he wrote a great many government reports on trade, commercial and social. conditions in England, and he now occasionally contributes to American and Eng- lish newspapers and reviews on foreign and domestic political, social and economic subjects; he also occasionally makes public ad- dresses, a notable one being on the occasion of a memorial serxice to the late King Edward the \'H, at Columbus, Ohio. Mr. Boyle was married in 1887 to Jessie C. Farquhar. They have one child. Mr. Boyle and his tamih' belong to the Protestant Epis- copal Church. J.A.MES BO'l'LE, 1 104 TIIK BOOK OF OHIO. President of the ('olumbus Mutual Lite Insurance C'onipany, and one of the l)est known insurance men ot Ohio, was born on the 11th of December, 1858, at Marion, Grant County, Indiana, the son ot Rev. 'Fhomas A. and Susannah Brandon, both natives of the State of ( )hio. Ilis father preached tor the Christian Church for more than fifty years. Mr. Brandon recei\’ed his education at \arious common schools, where his father was located as a minister; Lebanon, 4'roy, Yellow S|)rings, Williamsi)ort, Bellcfontaine, Dayton ’ Masterson, was bcjrn in Castle Bar, County' Mayo, Ireland. Professor Ormond Masterson, Mr. Bryan’s grandfather, taught languages at Trinity Uni\ ersity, Dublin, and came to America in 1831, settling in Columbus, ( )hio, where he established the hrst private school. Mr. C. E. Bryan’s father, Marcellus L. Bryan, was editor and founder ch The IMadison County Democrat, which paper he pub- lished from 1852 until 1898. He died Ma}’ 26, 1902. He was succeeded by his sons, Chester E. and Ormond hi., the latter since deceased. The business is now owned and controlled by Mr. C. E. Bryan. Marcellus L. Bryan was born at Batavia, on the 23rd of March, 1829, and was the son of David C'hester Bryan, C'ounty Auditor at that time. His lathers name was also Da\'id Chester Bryan, who was prominent in State affairs, ser\'ing four terms, trom 1807 to 1811, as a member of the House and Senate of the Ohio Legislature. He founded the town of Batavia, in 1814. Mr. C. E. Bryan was educated in the London public schools and at London high school, graduating from the latter in 1878. Upon lea\'ing school he commenced work in the Democrat office, with which he is still connected. Mr. Bryan has 'oeen a staunch Democrat all his mature life, and he has served his part\- in many capacities. He ser\'ed as C'hairman of the Madison C'ounty Democratic Executive Committee and also as a meml)er of the Democratic State Com- mittee. In 1902 he was a candidate for member of Congress in the Seventh Ohio Dis- trict, and in 1900, and again in 1904, he was a candidate for Presidential Eflector on the Democratic ticket. He now is President of the Board of Trustees of the State Institution for the Deaf, and also is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Library at London. Socially, Mr. Bryan is connected with the Masonic Eraternity. Erom 1908 to 1910 he was President of the Buckeve Press Association, and from 1906 to 1908 he filled the same position in the Ohio Editorial Association, until the latter was merged with the former organization. Eor the past ten years he is a member of the E.xecutive Committee for Ohio of the National Editorial Associa- tion, and has l)cen elected a life member of that organization. On the 25th of Eebruary, 1886, he was married to Miss Maria Daley. Lour daughters: Hazel, Beulah, Uarda and Naomi are the issue of their marriage. Mr. Bryan resides at 136 East Eirst Street, Lon- don, Ohio. James Buckingham, Deceased, who during a life of usefulness was one of the most influential business men and citizens of Zanesville, Ohio, was born in that City on the 22nd of October, 1831, and was a worthy representative of an honored pioneer family of Ohio. His father, Alva Buck- ingham was a nati\'e of New York State, while his mother, Anna Hale Buckingham, was. born in Connecticut. The father came to Ohio when but nine years old, when his parents settled near the present site of Coshocton, and later mo\-ed to Athens Count\’. In 1810, Mr. Alva Buckingham came to Putnam, now a part of Zanes\‘ille, where he estab- lished in business with his brother, Ebenezer Buckingham. In the course of time he became an influential factor in the business world of Zanes\'ille, and died in that citv at the ripe old age of 76 years, in 1867, honored by all who knew him. His son, James Buckingham, was educated at Marietta, Ohio, and at Brown l'ni\'ersitv. Providence, Rhode Island, but on account of ill health rvas forced to lea\-e college before completing the regular course, in 1852. In the following year he located on his farm at Duncan Ealls, Ohio, where he made his home until his return to Zanes\'ille, in September, 1861, when he again took up his abode in the house where he was born. During the Ci\il Y'ar, Mr. Buckingham was a member of Company A, 159th Ohio \YIunteer Infantrv, in the spring and summer of 1864, and was stationed in \Trginia and Mar\4and. He alwa}.-s took an active interest in public affairs and has been prominenth- identified with many enterprises which have had for their object the upbuilding of the city in which he lived. Erom 1865 until 1873 he was a Director of the Ohio State Agricultural Society, ser\Tng as its Treasurer for four years, and as its President in 1873. He was President of the Zanesville and Ohio Ri\er Railroad, from its beginning to its completion, and has devoted considerable attention to real estate dealings, being interested in ranches and other farm property in Ohio, Indiana, Missouri and Kansas. He was one of the trustees to finish, furnish and open the C'entral Insane Asylum of Ohio. During his long residence in Zanesville he gained a wide acquaintance and was universally esteemed for his fine traits of character. On the 5th of No\'ember, 1851, he was married to Miss Jane P. Wills, of Chillicothe, who surx ives her husband. Live children blessed their union. Mrs. Buck- ingham resides at 205 Moxahala A\-enue, Zanes\'ille, Ohio. John W. Burk, President of The Ansted & Burk Company, Springfield, Ohio, manufacturers of the highest grade of flour produced in the United States, and a representative business man of Southern ( )hio, was born in 1850, in Canada, where he was reared and educated. At the age of nineteen years he emigrated to the United States. Before lea\ing his native land, Mr. Burk acquired a knowledge of milling. He followed this vocation for some years in Michigan, at Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, Coldwater and other points, and at flifferent places through the W’est. In July, 1897, he came to Springfield, purchasing the W’arder & Barnett Mill plant which is the oldest one in that section. In 1902 the business was reorganized, and was incorporated under the name of The Ansted N Burk Company, of which Mr. John \Y Burk became President. The plant is equipped with motlern machiner\- of the most impro\’ed kind and has a capacity of over 1000 barrels a day. Mr. Burk is a public-spirited man and stands high in the esteem of his fellow citizens. He was President of the Millers’ National Eederation, and for two years President of the Springfield Board of Trade. In 1875, Mr. Burk was married to Miss Ida Negus, of Massachusetts. They have two daughters. Mr. Burk is a Mason and a Knight Templar. He resides at Springfield, Ohio. JAS BUCKINGHAM. 1 10(5 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Braxton W. Campbell, A i)rominenl nianufact urer of harness and saddlery, (diu'innati, Ohio, was horn on the 22nd of Xo\eml)er, ISol, at (Aningtcnr, Ky., the son of Morgan and Sallie C'amirbell, holh nati\es of Kentuck\’. d'he father was a merc'hant tailor. Mr. ('aniphell’s great grandfather was William ('ampl)ell, of Virginia. He took a prominent part in the earh’ wars of the Republic, and C'ongress voted him a sword for bra\-ery, while the Virginia begislatnrt' presented him with a Horse Montur for the same reason. His maternal great grandfather was one of the first settlers of Bocjne County, Kentucky. Mr. ('amii- bell receixed his education in what was known as the “Morgan Academy,” in Boone County, Kmituck>-. W’hen a boy, he worked on a farm in his native county. He came to Cincinnati in ISdS, started as an errand boy in a candy factory, worked at that trade and then seiwed as a trawling man, remaining in that business for a period of five years. I le then went into the harness business, traveling for a concern for four years, after which he started the hrm, of which he now is President. He also is interested in Steam Boat bines and Street Railroad and Traction C'omiianies, etc. In politics, Mr. ('ami)bell has indejiendent views. He is a |)ublic-spirited man and has served the people in many capacities. He started in public life at the age of thirty years, when he was elected Mayor ot 1 )elhi, ( )hio, an office he held continuously for twenty years. He also served as a mem- ber of the Delhi C'ity C'ouncil and as a C'ommissioner to the Jamestown Kxiiosition, reiiresenting the State of Ohio, to which ])osition he was aj^ipointed by Goxernor Pattison. '1 he other members of the I^oard, recognizing Mr. Campbell’s fitness and executive abil- ities, elected him President of the Board. In spite of his many years seiwice in ])ublic positions, Mr. Camiibell has never held an office, with which a salary was attached. Some \-ears ago he was nominate 1 b e the Democrats ot the First ( )hio Congressional District as their candidate for Congress, but w,is defeate 1 by Mr. Nicholas bongworth. Socially, Mr. C’ampbell is connected with the Masonic Fraternity in its various bran- ches, being a 22nd degree Mason, a member of the Mystic Shrine and a Knight Tem[)lar. He serverl as Master of Monitor bodge, b. and .\. M., Delhi, ( )hio. He is a contributing member of the First Regiment, Ohio National (Guards. In July, bS70, Mr. Camp- bell w.is married to Miss .\da 1 )eC.armo, at h'lorence, Ky. His wife died four years later, and, on the 13th of March, 1884, he w-as uniti-d in m.irri,ige to Miss Hattie DeCarno, a sister ot his first wile. Two children, sons, have blessed their union. The family reside at 233;> Kempe-r bane, Cincinnati, ( )hio. 'Fhe Perkins-Campbell ('ompany, of which Mr. ('ampbell is President, is located ,il ()22 to ()2l) Bi'oadway, Cincinnati, ( )hio. W. S. Cappeller, < )nc‘ of the loremost citizems ol Mansfu'ld, ()hio, editor and publisher of the Mansfield .Ni'ws, was born in Somerset County, Penns\l\ania, in 1S39, and, alter attending the ])ublic schools finished his education at b'armers College, located near C incinnati, after which he imteiX'd business file. He resided in Cincinnati for a number of years, from 1S77 to 1XS3, tilled the office ot Auditor of Hamilton ('ounty, and during this time he became the author of “I'he d'a.x|Kiyers’ Manual,” a work on taxation of indixiduals, banks and corporations which was highly endorsed by the leading judges and lawyers of the state. In the siiring ot tSS.'), Mr. Ca[)peller came to Mansfield and established the Daily News the first dail\- ]>aper published in that part of the state. The l)eginning was a modest oiU“, the wax' was beset with obstacles, but the indomitable xvill of Mr. C'appeller woul i not bend, and by [rerseiwerance, ])atience, and application of good business princii)k; iind capable management, the Daily News secured a firm footing, and today occupies its own home, a four story brick building especiallx' erected by him tor its own use, and i‘(|uii)]K‘d xvith tx'|)e setting machines, fast Web color ])erlecting presses, and receixes ■Associated Press Reports direct to operators in the office. The News is one of the lead- ing Re|)ublican nexvs])apers in North C'entral Ohio, is a lix’e, up to-date sheet, and enjoxs the distinction ol lieing one of the most widely (pioted ]>apers in Ohio. In politics, Mr. Capjieller is a staunch Republican and has seiwed his party in many cajiacities, as a puldic official, as political xxriter, as stump speaker ot great force, and in the councils of the ]iartx'. He was the Chairman ot the Repulilican State Committee in 1880, 1880, 1887 and 1888, during which time his management of the camiiaigns xvas characterized liy great executixe abilitx’. He was State Commissioner of Railroads and Telegraph ol Ohio, in 1887, 1888 and 1880, and xvhile in office he amicably adjusted satisfactory to all concerned, matters of difference lietween rail- roads and employees, alleged freight discriminations and other complicated questions referred to his department for arbitration. In 1880, Mr. Caii|ieller headed the call for the organization of the Ohio Associated Dailies ami was chosen President of the organiza- tion sex'eral years. He was President of the National Fditorial Association in 1892 and 1803, and, w'ith George W. Childs, took part in the o])eiiing e.xercises of the Childs-Drexel Printers' Home, at Colorado Springs, in May, 1892. He is now serx'ing his second term as Postmaster ot Mansfield, haxing been appointed to that office by Ih'esident Roosex'elt. Mr. Cappeller is a gentleman who has obtained honor in the State ot ( )hio liy his personal merit, his integrity of character and a strict adherence to the highest standard ol principles. He has done a great deal for his home city and is in the front rank for everything that re|iresents good citizenship, |)ublic enterprise and business ability. The Cincinnati Reduction Company. ( )ne of the most useful semi-pulilic institutions of Cincinnati is The C'incinnati Reduction Company, contractors for the city to collect and dispose of all the city’s garbage, dead animals, etc. In a large modern city the disposal of garbage, dead animals, etc., is a x'ital question, as the health of the city largely dejicnds upon a proper and thorough remoxml and disposal of such disease breed- ing matter. Formerly, stuff of that kind was simply dumped in conx'enient spots and left there to decay. The result was the occas- onal outbreak of dangerous epidemics caused liy the germs and liaccilli that found a superior breeding place in those so-called, dniu|)s. Since the Cincinnati Reduction Company came into the field, eight years ago, the health statistics of Cincinnati show a THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1107 remarkable improvement. The collection of garbage and dead animals is made according to modern ideas. The stuff is gathered in non-leaking steel boxes, which, when filled, are closed air-tight. At the plant of the company, located at Anderson's Ferr\-, outside of the city limits, the material is reduced into different vegetable and animal greases, oils, acids, glycerine and other articles to be used in the manufacture of candles, dynamite, lubricating oils, soaps, etc., and the balance of the stuff, which cannot be used for above mentioned articles, is changed into fertilizing matter. Thus everything is made use of, nothing is wasted. The Cincinnati Reduction Company collects and refines about forty thousand tons of raw material every year. The process of reducing garbage and animal matter is according to scientific principles. Twenty-four hours from the time it was gathered the raw material is reduced — without detriment to health — and is ready for industrial use. After the steel boxes have been emptied they are thoroughly cleaned, before being returned to the city. The firm also manufacturers tankage for fertilizing purposes. The officers of The Cincinnati Reduction Company are M. H. Chamberlain, President, a prominent business man and former Mayor of the City of Detroit, Mich.; Talton Embry, Treasurer, a well known commission merchant of Cincinnati, and a member of the firm of Green & Embry, and S. E. \\’ilson, of Cincinnati, Secretar}- and Manager. The latter is directly connected with the business for o\er twenty years, and is con- sidered to be an expert on the collection and disposal of city garbage. Together with Mr. Chamberlain, he has established and put in operation garl)age disposal plants in Detroit, Cleveland, Washington, D. C., Indianapolis and Columbus, Ohio, all of which, with the exception of Columbus, are still in operation under the system invented and inaugurated by Mr. S. E. \Wlson. Jesse Redman Clark, President of The I'nion Central Life Insurance Company, of C'incinnnti, Ohio, was born October 31, 1854, in Cincinnati. He is the son of Bishop Davis \\'. Clark, D. I)., LL. D., and Mary J. Redman, natives of Mount Desert Island, Maine, and Trenton, New Jersey, respectively. Mr. Clark was educated at the Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio, grad- uating in 1873. He was married September 19th, 1883, to Miss Carrie Marqua. Fi\-e children have blessed their union; Jesse Redman, Jr., Augusta, Marianne, Philip Jerome and Rogers. Graduating at the age of nineteen, Mr. Clark accepted a clerkship in the office of The Union Central Life Insurance Company. He was advanced from one position to another, appointed Cashier, a member of the Executive Committee and Board of Direc- tors, and on January 18th, 1886, was elected Treasurer of the Company. Eor many years he had entire charge of the finances of the Company, and practically developed its pe- culiar features, which today consist of 34,950 mortgages on Improved farms in the Middle West, aggregating over $57,000,000.00, the average rate of Interest exceeding GOJ. On account of his long experience in the Financial Department and his ability in building up and controlling the Company’s large number of financial agents all over the countrv, he was the logical successor of the late Governor John M. Pattison, and at his death was unanimously elected President of the Company by the Board of Directors. The Union Central Life Insurance Company was organized in 1867. It now has 1275,000,000 insurance in force, and over .$85,000,000 in assets, ranking among the great .)■ cl.ark. financial institutions of the country. During the last ten years it has doubled the amount of insurance in force and nearly trebled its assets. President Clark is in the prime of life, and under his aide and conser\ atix e managemeiU, the future success of the Cumpanx' is assured. Charles Crichton Clark, ( .eneral Agent, Passenger Department of the Big Four Rcmte (Xexx' 4'ork Central Fines), at Cincinnati, Ohio, xx’as born on the 1st of April, 1872. at Lox'cland, Clermont County, Ohio. His father, Daniel (dark, xxxis a natixe of Ireland, and had emigrated to the United States at an early age. His mother, Sarah Elizabeth Paxton Clark, xx-as born in Ohio. Mr. Clark’s great grandfather. Colonel Thomas Paxton, xx'as a Rex-olutionarx' War hero, and afterxxard com- manded the adx'ance guard of General Anthony W’axme’s Army into Ohio. He later settled in xxhat is noxv Lox'eland, Clermont Countxa Ohio. Mr. C. C. ('lark xx’as educated in the Lox’eland High School and at St. Mary’s Institute, Dayton, Ohio. When nineteen years of age he started in public life as a clerk in the C'ar Accountant office of the (Jueen N Crescent Route, at Cincinnati. He xxent xxith the Big Four Railroad in August, 1895, as Soliciting Passenger Agent. Since then he has been successix-ely Assistant City Ticket Agent, Traxx'l- ing Passenger Agent and General Agent, at Columbus, (Jhio, Indianaixjlis and ('incinnati. In politics, Mr. Clark is an adherent of the Democratic faith. He is a Blue Lodge Mason, a member of the Scjns of the Rexadution, of the Royal .Arcanum, the Ohio Society and of the Elks. On the 19th of Xoxember, 1901, he xx as married to Miss Jeannette Lucille Ix ie, of Cincinnati, formerly of Atlanta, Ga. Thex’ reside at 3346 Burnet Ax-enue, Ax'ondale, Cincinnati. C. C. CLARK. Jacob Cotner, Jr., One of the prominent business men ot Detroit, Mich., belongs to those ()hi{)ans xxho hax'e emigrated to other states and become a credit to their natixe com- monxvealth. He xxas born on the 14th of September, 1860, at the pretty little citx’ of Mansfield, the son of Jacob Cotner and Katherine Hartman Cotner, both early pioneers of Ohio. His education xx’as receix'ed at the public schools of Alansfield. Later he left Ohio and settled at Detroit, in xxhich dtx' he nox\- is Secretary and Treasurer of the Sprague Publishing Company, publishers of The American Boy, The American Legal Xexxs, The Laxv Students Helper, etc.. THE BOOK OF OHIO. and of 'fhe Sprague Correspondence School of Law, institutions which are well and favor- al)l\- known all over the United States. While Mr. Cotner takes a great interest in the affairs of his adopted city, he still preserves the love for his native state in his heart, lie was one of the founders of The Ohio Society of Detroit and was its Secretary and 'I'reasurer in 1!)()4-11)0.'), and President of that organization in 1!)(J6-19()7. He is also a menil)er of d'he DtUroit Board of C'ommerce, Detroit Goll Club, The Chicago Press Clul), I'he Aldine Club of New Ycjrk ; was lor eight years a member of the Board of Directors of the \b M. C. A. of Detroit, and is one of the Trustees of the First Congregational Church of that cit\’. In 1SK7, Mr. Cotner was married to Marie Etta Trowbridge, of Toledo, ()hio. 'Three children resulted from this marriage: Emerson Trowbridge, Dorothy Katherine and Russell Murray. Mrs. Cotner died in 1899. Two years later, in 1901, Mr. Cotner was united in marriage to Miss Cecilia L. Burke, of Ann Arl)or, Mich. 1 h' resides with his family at 70 Virginia Avenue, Detroit, while his offices are hjcated in the Majestic Building. John S. Crowell, President and Ceneral Manager ol The Crowell Publishing Comi)any, of Springfield- Dhio, until T'ebruary 1900, when he sold the business to others, and now, 1911, Vice- President and Treasurer of the Kelly Motor 'Truck Com])any, has been one of Spring- field's most active and progressive men. A man of recognized business ability, he has been e.\cej)tionally successful and become widely known as the founder and President of The Crowell Publishing Company, owners of the ‘AVoman’s Home Companion,” and the ‘‘Farm and Fireside,” two perodicals with over a million subscribers. johu S. Crowell was born In Loiiisxille, Kentucky, on the 7th of January, 185U, and was the se\'enlh child born to his parents. His lather, S. B. Crowell, was a member and one of the founders of the Walnut Street Presbyterian (diurch at Louis\'ille, ol which he was elected a Dt'acon lor lite. John S. Crowell attended the ])ublic schools ot his natix'e city, and showed sitch aptitudes lu his studies that he was placed in classes with older i)Uj)ils, among whom he ranked first. lie completed an eight year course iu six ye.irs. .Ambitious and self-reliant, ewen in his boyhood days, at the age of eleven years, contrary to the wishes of his ]xircnts, he became a newsboy, his original ctiifital imested being fixa- cents which he obtained in ISIll, by holding a soldier’s horse. For twm years he sold papers in the early morning and attended school during the day. At filteen \vars of age he secured a situation in a small printing olTice at 8‘J.oO ]ier week. Contrary to the wishes of his parents and the ad\ice of teachers, he refused to enter college and continued iu the printing business. Within si.x months a larger job jirinting olfice of- ferc'd him .812.01) j)er week, and lu“ soon was made assistant foreman, and at sex'enteen N'ears was made loreman. Ills energy, industry and al)ility were so marked, his lellow- workmen at that time ])redicted that in the luture he would luue a large ]hi1 )lishiug house of his own. That he jKissessed rare presence ot mind and was capable ol fpiick thought, enabling him to grasp a trying situation on the s]uir ot the moment, was demonstrated while emplo\’ed in this printing office. A workman was caught by the arm and held between the ceiling and a pulle>’ making lot) revolutions ])cr minute. While others were looking on in horror, expecting to see him ('rushed, 3a)ung Crcjwell grasi)ed a belt with one hand, was instantly hurled to the ceiling, where, securing a looting, he released his coni|)anion who tainted in his arms. 'Thus au arm and perhajis a life was saved. In (Ictober, 18(19, he met with an accident which incai)icated him for work for a time. About an inch of his right thumb was mashed off while attending a power pa|)er cutting machine; he (piickly adjusted the .severed ])ortion of his thumb w’hile the man who caused the accident shut his e>’es and called for hel]), but young C'lmw’ell was able to g(( alone in search for a doctor. While thus disabled he iiu’ented an elastic hand stamp, and the rubber-like material out ol which it was made, and while he deemed the invention scarcely worthy a ])atent, commenced their manulacltire. He employed his three bnjthers in the work, and did a very prosperous business until the panic ol 1873. .\fter a \ isit to a few stales and the Northern Lakes, he entered the office of B. T'. Avery & Sons, the well knowm plow manu- factnrers of Louisxille, and was connected with their agricultural journal, ‘‘Home and Farm,” which pnjspered under his manage- ment. ( )n a trip in the interest ol ‘‘Home and Farm” he first met Mr. P. P. Adast, of Springfield, Ohio, t(j whom he afterward suggested the idea of publishing an agricultural journal, with the result that in xAugust, 1877, Mr. Crcjwell, being tw'enty-seven years of age, mo\ed to Si)ringfield and established the ‘‘Farm and Fireside,” which was owned liy the firm of Mast, Crowell & Kirk]xatrick, which had a long and ])rosperous career, but later became The Crow'ell Publishing Company. Early in its career they estal)lished “'The Wfjman’s Home Companion,” which grew in size and influence until it reached a circulation of over six hundred thousand co])ies. ‘‘ The Woman’s Home Com])anion” and ‘‘T'arm and Fireside” were probably the first cheap periodicals or puTdications to prosper and obtain a National circulation and rei)Utation, the twa> having a circulation of over a million copies under his management. He may feel a jtist and pardonable ])ride in the success attained l)y these publications, as they w^ere probably the i)ioneers to demon- strate that newspaiiers and magazines could be made profitable wdien sold at a price one-third to one-fourth the price charged pre- \ious t(j 1877. At an earh’ age John S. Crowell became a memlier of the Walnut Street Presbyterian Church at Louisville, and during his residence there was actix’e in church and Sabbath School Work. At the age of seventeen years he wars elected Librarian; at twxmtx' l)ccame Assistant Superintendent, and at tw-enty-one years liecame Superintendent of the Sabbath School. At tw^enty-five years of age he was chosen a Deacon fijr Hie of the Walnut Street Church. He and his wdfe are now, 191 1, '^embers ot the First Presliyterian Church at Springfield, which they joined in November, 1877. Mr. Crowell, at the age of twenty-sewm, was joined in marriage, November 20, 1877, with Miss Ella C. Mangold, wdio comes of an old and prominent Louisville family. J. S. CROWELL. I 108 j.xroB COI'NI'K. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1109 Since coming to Springfield, Ohio, on the 17th of August, 1877, Mr. Crowell has been actively identified with many religious, educational, charitable and business organizations, and also has been an active advocate of the improvement and betterment of Spring- field. His activities have resulted in his being chosen to occupy many positions of trust and honor, such as Director of the First National Bank, of Springfield; Vice-President and Treasurer of The Kelly Motor Truck Company, Springfield, Ohio, also a Director of the Columbia Life Insurance Company, of Cincinnati, and President of the Board of Trustees of The Western College for Women, at Oxford, Ohio; President of the Board of Trustees of the new City Hospital, of Springfield; Elder of the First Presbyterian Church and Director of the V. M. C. A., all of the foregoing positions being held by him at this time, 1911. He has also been President of the Springfield Board of Trade and a Director of the Associated Charities, and for five years was President of the Springfield Col- lege and Seminary, and for two years President of the Young Men’s Christian Association and President of the Men’s Literarv Club. He was also elected Superintendent of the First Presbyterian Sunday School a number of times, for the term of one year each, and for ten successive terms of three years each, to the position of Elder of the First Presbyterian Church, and is Elder of the Church at the present time. In 1887 Mr. Crowell instituted an investigation of the Presbyterian Board of Publication, which is located at Philadelphia, Pa. This resulted in learning that the Board was paying far more than it should for much of its printing, binding, folding, stitch- ing, etc. When a report was made to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of the Lhiited States, it ordered a change in the methods of the Board of Publication, as suggested by Mr. Crowell, which resulted in a saving of over fifty thousand dollars each year, for many years, to the Presbyterian Church. The Presbytery, of Dayton, sent Mr. Crowell as a delegate to the Presbyterian General Assembly, four years in succession, in order that he might attend to and report upon the in^•estigation which resulted in such a great benefit to the Presbyterian Church of the entire United States. When Mr. J. S. Crowell became President of the Board of Trustees of the Western ('ollegc for W'(n Ireland. Alter coming to the United States, Mr. De- \ annex' entered tipoii his business career, and lor more than twenty years he was engaged in the Itimber and coest grax'cl land in ('ent ral Ohio, and its daily output amounts to 1 2,001) to 10,000 ctibic ytirds. The machinery of the plant washes and screens sand and gra\x'l ;ind crushes large stones, thus creating a material ready for use iti concrete work. In |)olitics, Mr. Donnelly is a Democrat. Socially, he is a member of the various Miisonic Lodges, Bltic' Lodge, (diapter. Shrine, Hanselmtinn C'ommandery (Cincinnati), and ( )hio Consistory. He is tdso an Llk, and a Modern WVtodman. He was married to Miss Anna Hilan ol Loveland. Three sons were born to them. Mr. DonnelK’ resides at Loxeland, ()hio. Frank Herman Dothe, ( )ne of the most prominent mctubers of the h'raternal Order of Lagles in ('in- cinnati and Ohio, was born on the 18th of Jul>', in Cincinnati, Ohio, and is of ( '.erm.in parentage. He attended tlu' |)tiblic schools ol his nati\'e city utitil eleven years old, when lu' was com])elled to earn his own li\ ing by drix ing a team. He later became District Stiperintenden t ot the Cincinnati Ice Delixery Company, and for the last eight xa-ars he is connected xxith 'The Christian Moerlein Brexxing Com]);iny in the capacity of trax'eling sah'sman. In ])olitics, Mr, I )othe is an Independent Repultlicati, Socially, he is a prominent member of Cincinnati Aerie No, 142, 1*', ( ). E,, being Past President and Past Sttite President ol the h'. ( ). lx, of ()hio; K. of P. ; 1. O. O. h',; Kim Street Clttl); Blaine Chib; Peerh'ss .Athletic Chib; North Cincinnati Turnverein; Second Ward Fishing Club and Liberty Altitutil ,\id .Association of Cincinnati. Mr. Dothe is married and resides at Lnixersity .Ax'emie, Cincinnati. His ofhees are with The Christian Moerlein Brexxing ('ompaiiy, ol that city. Peter W. Durr, ( lerk ol the Courts of Common Pleas of Hamilton County, was liorn in Cincinnati, on tlu‘ loth ol December, LSlil. His lather, Kdxvard Durr, was a natixe of Saxony, Ger- manx’, xxhile his mother, Mary Dridame I)urr was born in France. Mr. Durr’s educa- tion xxas obtained in the jitiblic schools of his tiatix'e city. l^]xm leaxdng school, at the age of sixteen years, he obtained a ixosition in the employ of James L. Haven & Co., Cincinnati. Later he was superintendent of the Packing Department of The Proctor N Gamble Comixany. Mr. Durr has been a faithful, hard working Republican since he became of age, and he has served his party and the people in general in many capacities. I le has held the following appointix^c offices: Deixuty Sheriff, Superintendent of the County Infirmary, Fnited States Gauger, Depitty Auditor. He xvas elected Toxvnship Trustee of Millcreek Toxvnshi]), xvhich ]Xjsition he held for twenty-one years, 1887 to 1908. Twice, in 1890 and 1892, he was elected Mayor of Flmwood Place, and in 1908 he was elected to his liresent jxisition, which xvill ex|)ire in Bill, h'or the last fourteen years he has lieen a member of the Republican State Central Committee, serxing as Chairman for two years, and the same length of time as Secretary of that organization. He also has been a dele- gate to numerous city, county and s'ate camx'entions. Socially, he is connected with the Blaine Club as Fx-lh-esident, Flks, Red Men, Maccabees, W’oodmen, North Cincinnati Turnxerein, Pen and Pencil Club, Flm Street (dub and other organizations too numerous to mention. On the 31st of March, 188(1, Adr. Durr was married to Miss Emma Freitag. d'xvo sons hax'e blessed their union; Harley ('. Durr, proprietor ol a Lixery and Sales Stable, at Flmxx’ood Place, and Chester S. Durr, ]xroprietor and Editor of the Valley Blade, Flmxvood Place, ddie family reside at Locust and McGregor Avenues, Flmwood Place. F. H. DO I HE. P. XV. DURR, Andrew Erkenbrecher Byron wrote: “But there are deeds which shall not pass away and names that must not xvither, though the earth forgets her em]xires with a just decay.” The possessor of such a name xvas .Andrew Erkenbrecher, who, during his life of usefulness was one of the most enterprising, jrrogressive and public- >lhrited citizens the (Aueen C itx' could exer boast of. He xvas a self made man in the fullest and noblest sense of the word, l)ul through all the diflerent stages ol his career, from small beginnings to his later pre-eminence in the field of Industry and commerce, his char- acter xvas ahvays the same — j)lain and lox'able. He xvas ex'er ready to reliex’e pox'erty, sorroxv and distress, to a.ssist a xvorthx" cause .ind a public enterprise of merit. Air. Erkenlirecher xvas of Cierman abstraction. He xvas born in July, 1821, at Heiligenstadt, near Koburg, the son of jdain and hardxvorking parents. His father, Heinrich Erkenbrecher, folloxved the vocation of a xveaver, xxhile his mother, Katharina Rauscher, xvas a xvoman of remarkable energy and determination and it xvas prolxably more to her than to any other influence that Air. Erken- brecher oxved his success in life. He obtained his early ediK'ation in the elementary schools of his home city xvhich he attended until THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1113 he was fourteen years ot age when he emigrated with his parents and sister to the New W’orld. After a long and stormy trip across the Atlantic the family finally landed at New York, from where, after a sojourn of a few months, they came to Cincinnati and entered the employ of Colonel Gano, as laborers on his farm in the vicinity of Carthage. Young Krkenbrecher was not bedded on roses. Hard work was in store for him, but willingly and unhesitatingly he took up the struggle for a livelyhood, fully determined to make his mark in life. He labored hard and faithfully for a number of years, working in succession on the farm, in a ccmfectionery shop, hotel and grocery, at the same time saving his small earnings and completing his education with a thrift, which is a characteristic of his race. At the age of twenty-two years he owned enough money to establish himself in business on a small scale and to build a little grain mill, thanks to his business ability, energy and untiring efforts; after a few years he was able to combine a starch factory with his grain mill. Success seemed assured, when, in I860, misfortune set in and his starch factory, located at Mornnv, was destro\x‘d by fire. There was no insurance, and nearly all the fruits of sixteen years of labor and economy were wiped out. But cme thing, the fire had not been able to destroy the indominable will-power of Mr. Erkenbrecher. His inherited energy came to his aid. He started anew, put his hand to the task of recovering what he had lost, and this time he forced his way to the front. Six years later he erected another starch factory on the banks of the canal near St. Bernard ; ecpiipperl it with many improvements of his own invention, inventions which re\ olutionized the manufacture of starch, and soon the ciuality of the product of his factories became known all over the ci\ ilized world. They also took the highest premiums at the Yienna, Bremen and Philadelphia expositions. In 1877 Mr. Erkenbrecher returned to Europe in quest of health. His hard and laborious life begun to tell on a constitution never the most vigorous. Somewhat impro\-ed, Mr. Erkenlmecher returned to his Cincinnati home, entered into business with more zeal than ever, but he never fully regained the strength and health that were lost, and on the 4th of January, 1885, he closed his eyes to eternal slumber. He left two sons and one daughter. Mr. Erkenbrecher’s name has been identified with a great many acts of benevolence and charity. Eoremost of all he was the founder of the Cincinnati Zoological Gardens, that great institution which has given more pleasure, enjoyment, recreation and instruc- tion to untold thousands, than any other institution of the Queen City. Neither the great Audubon nor Gilbert Y'hite, of Selbourne, ever cherished a keener lo\'e for the beautiful in nature than did Mr. Erkenbrecher. It was this love for the beautiful that prompted him in times of distress to take steps toward the preser\ ing the foliage in Cincinnati's streets, and finally led to the founding of the Cincinnati “Zoo,” the most complete institution of its kind in the New World. In 1872, Cincinnati was ^■isited by a plague of caterpillars. They came in such a multitude and with such a hunger that before their march nearl\- e^•ery green thing of the city was destroyed. The trees were left as naked as in the midst of winter. A remedy was sought, and at Mr. Erkenbrecher’s sugges- tion a plan was developed and executed for acclimatizing insect eating birds from Europe. In accordance with this plan, birds to the number of nearly one thousand were secured and brought to this country late in the fall of 1872 and housed in an old colonial- roofed residence in Burnet Woods, the garret of which was transformed into a bird cage. There the birds were cared for until the spring of 1873, when they were released. Soon Burnet Woods was resonant with a symphony of sound never heard before. The satis- faction and keen delight resulting from this effort of the Acclimatization Society prompted Mr. Erkenbrecher to pursue the sub- ject still further, and the founding of that gigantic enterprise, the Cincinnati Zoological Cardens, was the result. Samuel A. Esswein, One of the substantial business men (jf Columbus, Ohicy was born on the Dth of August, 1868, at Columbus, Ohio, the son of Mr. Peter Esswein, a native of Germany, who had left the Eatherland in 1824 and come to the United States, settling in Columbus. Mr. PNswein’s mother was of Pennsylvania ancestry. Mr. S. A. Esswein was educated in the Columbus public schools, llpon leaving school he became apprenticed to the plumbing trade, and for a number of years was associated with the leading plumbing houses in Columbus. He now is President of the Esswein Heating N Plumbing Company, Colum- bus, Ohio, the leading firm of its kind in Central Ohio. Among the important contracts The Esswein Heating & Plumbing Company has filled are the tollowing: Columbus Savings Bank & Trust Company; Capital Trust Company; the Harrison Building; the Carnegie Librar}-, Columbus, Ohio; the Ingalls Building, Cincinnati; Union Station, Lexington, Ky.; Massillon Hospital; Mt. Vernon Sanitarium; Athens State Hospital; .Athens University; Callipolis State Hospital; Boys’ Industrial School, Lancaster; Girls’ Industrial School, Delaware, Ohio; Ill- inois Hotel, Bloomington, Ills.; Union 'briist Co. Building, .Anderson, Ind.; I ronton Court House; Peru, Ind. Court House, and many other important mod- ern buildings all over the world. Mr. Esswein is a self-made man in the fullest sense of the word; an ideal citizen, a splendid business man who always has the best interests of his fellow men and his nati\e city at heart. He is a prominent 32nd degree Mason, a Noble ot the Alystic Shrine, an Elk; K. of P. and a member of the Woodmen. He resides at 601 City Park .A\enue, Columbus, Ohio. His offices are located at 24 West Broad Street, that cit>-. N. H. FAIRBANKS. N. H. Fairbanks, Ranks among the foremost business men of Springfield, ( )hio. He is a nati\ e ot the Buckeye State, born in Union County, Ohio. Being the son of a farmer, his earl\- edu- cation was obtained on the farm and in the country district school. He received a Col- legiate education at the Ohio Wesleean lbii\ersity, Delaware, Ohio, from which he was graduated in 1884, after which he attended the Cincinnati Law School. Upon his grad- uation from that institution and his admission to the bar. Mr. Fairbanks took up the jiractice of his profession. He retired from the active practice of his profession at C'hicago, in 1901, where he had gained as a lawyer, the good will and the confidence ot both bench and bar. 1 1 J4 THE BOOK OF OHIO. r|)on coming- to SiH-iiiglii'ld, Mr. I•'ai^l)anks, with his l)rothcr-in-law, M. L. Milligan, became identified with extensive business interests. These ha\f continued to grow, until he has become an im])ortant factor in the vast manufacturing and financial interests of this cit\', being olficiall\- connected with 'I'lie 1 ndianaiiolis h'rog iS: Switch ('<)., The American Tritst and Savings Co. and The l airbanks building Co., as I’rcsident, and 'I'he Fairbanks Co. as \’icc-bresident. lie iilanncd and built The Fairbanks Building in this city, the first, and at this time only fireproof modern bank and office build- ing in this cit\-, being one of the largest office structures in the state. It contains the Fairbanks Theatre, The American Trust and Sa\ings t'o., a le.iding dejiartment store-, other store rooms, and o\’er 2f)f)U office rooms. He organized The American Trust and Sav- ings Co., which became a million dollar bank in three >’e;irs, by the selection of competent and energetic associates, and operating on modern lines. In bSST Ml. l airb.mks was nuirricd to Miss Fucy Cruickshank, of F>elaware, Ohio. F'i\e children were born to them. He is a member of (he (hid l ellows and the Masonic Fraternities, also of the C'ountry and other clubs in Siiringfield. ,l()hn C. I''elt()ii, ,\ |)rominent contractor of Columbus, Ohio, ;md Chief Deputy of the Board of I)e])uty State Supeiwisors and Inspectors of Election for Fiamklin Count)', was born on the 7th of July, 1871, at Franklin County, the son of John E. Felton and Martha Bouck Felton, both n parents to the f.irm on whiidi they yet reside near Summerfield, in Mar- ion I ownship. Noble Count)'. He was reared on the farm. Alter lea\'ing school he t.uight in the common schools for sex'eral years, and in 1887 remo\'ed to the County seat ol Noble ( ounty and became editor and |)ublisher of the Caldwell Press. In 1893 he disposed ol his new's[)aper and w-as ap])ointed a Deputy Collector ol Internal Revenue, which iiosition he resigned early in 1897, and remoxed to Kenton, Ohio, where he again engaged in the newsjiaiier bitsiness. In 190(3 he disposed of his newsiiaper ]iroperty in Ki'iiton, and on the bath of Ma)' of the same year entered upon the discharge of his duties as State Inspector ol oils of Ohio, to w'hich position he had lieeii appointed by the late (.oxernor Pattison. In 1908, Mr. Finley xxas elected C'hairman of the Democratic State F..xccutixe Committee, and as such, managed the successful campaign of Gox'ernor Harmon. He resides at Columbus, Ohio, xxhere also his offices are located. The F'irst National Bank, ( >1 Hamilton, Ohio, xvas organized on the 2nd of July, 18(33. Its Charter is No. r>(3, tinder the National Ranking .Act, enacted during the Cixil War for the iniri)ose of strength- I'liing the national credit. It xvas organized and opened for business xvith a paid-u]') ('apital of hit)' thousand dollars. The list of officers xvas: President, Micajah Hughes; \ ice-Presiflent. James Beatty; Cashier, John P. P. Peck, aiifl .Assistant Cashier John B. Cornell. Mr. Peck resigned the office of Cashier after six months’ service, and was suc- ceeded in that office by John B. Cornell, xvho filled the office with marked ability until W. L. lUNLEX) THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1115 his death, on the 2nd of August, 1894. S. I). Fitton became Assistant Cashier in 1867, and has been officially connected with the institution ever since. Upon the death of Micajah Hughes, Philip Hughes was elected President and Asa Shuler became the Vice-President in 1883. Mr. Hughes died in 1892, and Mr. Shuler succeeded to the Presidency, retaining that position until his death, in May, 1895. J. E. Hughes became the Vice-President on the elevation of Mr. Shuler to the Presidency, and so continued until his death, October 30, 1900. On the 6th of December, 1900, R. C. McKinney was elected Vice-President, and on the death of Mr. Shuler, S. D. Fitton was elected to the vacant Presidency. E. G. Ruler became the Cashier on the advancement of Mr. Fitton, having served as Assistant Cashier since 1894. J. M. Beeler is the present Assistant Cashier. The Directors of the First National at the ])resent time are: Peter Benninghofen, F. M. Hughes, James K. Cullen, C'hristian Benninghofen, James Fitton, E. G. Ruder and S. F. Fitton. Soon after the organization of the l)ank the capital was increased to one hundred thousand dollars, and this. In- subsefiuent additions to the capital stock, now reaches a cpiarter of a million, with a surplus fund of 8100. ()()(). The First National Bank of Hamilton is the oldest banking institution of Butler County. It is financially strong, while its careful and C(jnser\ati\'e management has successfully carried it through its forty-seven years of business. The policy of the institution through its public-spirited officiaU has ever been liberal and encouraging. On many occasions it has come to the aid of jjublic and private enterprises, which must have suffered great financial losses but for the timely intervention of the public l)enefactor. The institution has a widespread infiuence in the monetary affairs of Southern ( )hif). William H. Fisher, Of Columbus, Ohio, General Passenger Agent (jf The Hocking \’alley Railway C'ompany, which position he has held for more than twenty years, is one of the best known rail- road men in the State of ( )hi(j. He was born on the 5th of August, 1854, at Ridgeville, Lorain County, Ohio. His jDarents, Hart E. and Lucretia Fisher were natives of Wr- mont and Massachusetts. Mr. Fisher’s early education was obtained in the public schools of his home county. At the age of sixteen years he learned the printers trade. He afterwards owned an office and ])ublished local and farm papers. Later, in 1880, he published at Toledo the Railroader. He also was with the Indianapolis Journal for a period of four years in charge of outside circulation. In 1880 Mr. Fisher began his career as a railroad man when he was offered and accepted a position as Traveling Passen- ger Agent of the Indianapolis, Peru & Chicago Railway, now a part of the Lake Erie & Western Railway. Later he became General Agent of the ('., FI. & I)., at Indianapolis and General Passenger Agent of the Ft. W'ayne, Cincinnati & Louis\ ille Railway, now also a portion of the L. E. N W. Ry. In 1890 he accepted the position he now occupies. Mr. Fisher is the originator of the first “niade-to-order collision” between two locomoti\ es with trains attached. This event took place on the 30th of May, 1896, at Buckeye Park, on the line of the Hocking Valley Railway. It proved to be a financial success. Thirty thousand j:)eoi)le journeyed to see the collision. The engines were too light for further ser\ice and were worth as much for scrap after the collision as liefore. Mr. Fisher is a Repulffican who belie\'es in a permanent Tariff ’ Commission. He never aspired to political life, and aside from serving two years as a member of the Ci\il Service Board w. h. fishi-:r. of Columbus under Mayors Schwartz and Hinkle, has held no politic'al office. Socialh’, Mr. Fisher is connected with the Masonic Fraternity in its different branches, being a member of York Lodge, Ml. Vernon Com- mandery No. 1, Knights Templar; Alladdin Temple Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and for ten years following its organization in 1898, Captain of the well known independent military of Columbus, the Columbus Rifles. Earlier training in the National Guard and Toledo Catlets ha\'ing left him with a fondness for things military. He was married to Miss Loic F. Fisher, in 1876. His wife died four years later, leaving an infant son, Carl H. Fisher. In 1881 he was married to Miss Mary S. Cunningham, by which union a son Lewis W. hisher and a daughter Ruth Louise Fisher resulted. Mr. Fisher is very fond of rural life, therefore he li\’cs on a \er\ pretty farm called “The Cedars,” purchased in 1901 and located near Powell Station on the Hocking \"alley Railway, fourteen miles Ncith of Ccluml us. His offices are located at the Spahr Building, Columbus, Ohio. A. R. 1-00 It Allen Ripley Foote, President of the Ohio State Board of Commerce and President of the International Tax Association, is one of the best known men of the Buckeye State. He was b(u-n on the 26th of January, 1842, at (Jllcott, New York, the son of Elijah Fcjote and ()li\-ia Fuse Foote. He obtained his education in the public schools of his native state. W’hen the C'ivil War broke out, Mr. Foote enlisted in the Third Michigan Infantry Regiment, and in this regiment and later in the Twenty-first Michigan Infantry Regiment he ser\ed during the whole war from 1861 until 1865, when he was honorably discharged. Locating in Columbus, he became an important figure in the industrial and commercial affairs of the Buckeye State. For many years he has been Commissioner of the Ohio State- Board of Commerce, and now occupies the position of President of that important organiza- tion. The Ohio State Board of C'ommerce, organized in 1893, has a membership of oe er two thousand business men of Ohio, representing eighty-four c'ounties. The C'onsti- tution of the organization states its purpose to be, “To make Ohio the best state in the Union in which to earn a living, operate a business and own property’.” It is the object of the Board to establish these conditions through impro\ ing the laws of ( )hio, and through its influence and efforts a good deal has been accomplished. Among the laws, enacted with the aid of this Board, are the following: Ihiiform Public Accounting Law (1902); C'onstitutional Amendment removing the double liability for stockholder^ in Ohio Cor- porations (1902-1903); Constitutional Amendment gi^■ing the Goxernor the Wto power (1902-1903) ; Law Creating the Ohio State Board of Uniform Law (1903) ; State I fepository Law (1904); C ounty Depository Law (1906) ; City Depository Law (lf)06) ; Primar\’ Flec- tion Law (1908); State Banking Law; the first step in jiroper regulation and organi- zation of State Banking Institutions (1908); IFjehmer Good Roads Law (1908); 1 I H) THE BOOK OF OHIO. Katlihurn puadronial A]:>i)raiseniciit Law (100!)). The Ihiifonn Public Accounting and the Depositary Laws have already saved more than three niillicm dollars for the tax jiaxers of the state, and will continue to create such savings as long as they remain on the statute books and are propi'rK' enforced. Mr. h'oote is a well known author on public ([uestions. He is the author of “Economic Value of Electric Light and Power Law of Incorporated Comitanies operating under Municii^al Franchises;’’ “A sound Currency and Bank- ing S\stem;’’ "Labor, Capital and the Public;’’ "khnplo\’ers and Ifmployees ;’’ “Municij^al Public Service Industries” and many pamphlets on public (|itestions. He has edited “Public Policy” for six and a half years. Mr. Foote is a member of the Ohio Com- mander\' Militar\- ( )rder of the Loyal Legion; Ohio SocietN’ of New York; Cosmos Club, Washington, 1). C.; Republican Club of the Cit\- of .New ^'ork; Press Club of Chicago; Cf)himbus Club of Cohimbus; American Political Science Association ; American Academy of Political and Social Science; American As.sociation for Labor Legislation; League of American Municipalities; American Civic .Association; .N’.itioiial llealth League, and a life member of the American Economic Associatiem. Lie resides at dl,5 LInwood Avenue, ('olumbiis, ( )hio. Mis oflices are located in the Cohttnbus Chamber of Commerce Building. Cornelius Mathers Foster, .\ leading architect of Cincintiati, Ohio, was born on the 31st of August, 1871, in the (jueen City of the West. His i)arents, Edward H. and Susan Mathers Foster, were both nati\es of Clnclnmiti. Mr. Foster’s great grandfather on his mothers’ side took part in the War of the Revolution. He fought in the battle of Trenton and was First Ser- geant under Washington. His maternal grandmother was of English descent. Mr. I'oster’s i)aternal grandfather was born in Ireland. He emigrated to America and was a Mnion seddier in the War of the Rebellion, Mr. C. M, Foster ol>tained his education in the ])ublic schools of Cincinnati, at Woodward High School, the Mechanics Institute, tind at the CInc'Innati Art School. At the age of twenty years he started upon his pro- fessional career. Politically, his affiliations belong to the Republican party. For four years he was Park Architect of the city of Cincinnati, and during this time built all the buildings in the city parks. He is an Associate of the American Institute of Architects and Secretary of the C'incinnatl Chapter of that organization. Socially, Mr. Foster is a member of the Syrian Shrine and of Hanselman Commandery, Cincinnati; of the Sons of the American Revolution; the ('incinnati Business Men’s Club; the Blaine Club and of the Norw(j(xl Repul)lican Club. He was married on the 2nd of June, 1897. Mr. and Mrs. Foster have three children: Lucile, William and Florence Foster. They reside at 191.5 Williams Avenue, Norwood, Ohio. Mr. Foster’s offices are located in the John- ston Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. Arthur N. French, Former Major in Charge of Third Battallion, First Infantry O. N. G., and Manager of the Cia'.uuer\- De|)artment ol the well known l''rench Bros. Dairy ('o., Lebanon, Ohio, is a native of the Buckeye State. He first s,iw the light of da\' on the 21st of July, 1871, at Oakley, near Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of Albert French and Sarah Ella Brown French, both of whom were also beam in Ohio. Major French obtained a very excellent education. After having attended the Cincin- nati I )istrict SchooL and the Technical schools of Cincinnati he matriculated at the Ohio State University at Columbus. Later he took a ^horl cotirse in dairxing at the University of Wisconsin. Having ])reparcd himself thoroughly for his future lousiness he returned to laTanon and took charge of the ('reamcry I )e])artment of The French Bros. Dairy in the capacity of Manager. In politics. Major French is a Re])tiblican. h'or two terms he has served as President of the Board of Public Affairs at Lebanon. He is also a member of the Masonic Fraternity and ot the Swedenborgian Cluirch. His offices and places of business-are locaterl in Lebanon, as well as Cincinnati, Ohio. Howard Barclay French Was born in Salem, ('ohimbiana County, Ohio, September 3rd, 1848, his parents being Samuel FI. bb'ench, a native of New Jersey, and .Xngi'lina (Dtmseth) French, a native of Baltimore, Md. Since early childhood he has been a resident of Philadelphia, and for more than thirt\- years a leading l)Usiness man of that city. After receiving an academic I'dtication in Friends’ Schools, he ser\’ed a three year and six months aitprenticeship in the retail drtig store of W’illiam B. Webb, (hiring which time he attended the Philadelphia ('olleg(‘ ot Pharmacy, graduating frejm same in 1871. A month later he entered the emplo\- ot his father’s firm, I'rench, Richards & Co., northwest corner Tenth and Mar- ket Streets, Philadel])hi L. Lusk, ('hief Engineer of the Second Army Corps. On the 24th of October, 1898, Mr. Gillett was united in marriage to Miss I hirriet Lorbes Rcdfield, of Smethirort, Pa. d'wo children have been the issues of their union, Bernice Gillett, born Lcbruar\' 12, 19t)l, died f'cbruar\- 7, 19(K!, and Rtalheld Byron Gillett, born May 1, 1901, Mr. Gillett resides at Newark, Ohio. .lohn Goetz, Jr., Di’ceased, who during a lilc ()1 usefulness was one of the most rei)resentative and ina." gressix'e eifi/ens of llu' (jucen ('it\', admired for his many lovable traits of character, honorable, kindly of natnn', broad-minded, and with an tmlimited capacity for making tind keei)ing friends, was a nati\e of the city for which he has done so much. He was of German ])arentage, and was born on the 28th of January, 1855. Llis parents were of the plain ])eoj)le, hard working and conscientious, who made many sacrifices to enalle their .son to ol)l;un a thorough c'ducation. It was their ambition that their boy should occu])y a ])osilion in life higher in the plane of usefulness than that of his forefathers, ('onse- (|nenlK', afler aftenrling the public and higli schools of his home city, John Goetz, Jr., l)rei)ared hlmstlf for the profession of law, and entered the famous ('incinnati Law School, from which Institution of learning he graduated with the class of 187(1. Without in- llnential fritmds to encourage him, Mr. Goetz, unaided, except by his natural talents, his ability, c-nergy and ambition, started iqion his career of usefulness. He ])racticed law for a cou])le of \-ears until after the election of Judge Clement Bates to the position of City Solicitor, Mr. ( '.oetz was appointed as assistant in that office, a ])osition he held fora period ol two \'cars, fo the satisfaction of Judge Bates, as well as to the people in general. He resigned his iiosition to become connected with the Christian Mocrlein Brewing Company, OIK' of the most gigantic and ])owerful business enter])rises in the State of Ohio, To this compain- he devoted the best part of his life, and tor many years he dominated its destinies. .\l the time of his demise, Mr. John Goetz, Jr., filled the im])ortant ami responsible position of \’ice-PresIdent of the Moerlein Brewing Comirany. Notwithstanding the onerotis duties of his i>osition as chief executi\’c of this great corporation, Mr. CGoetz found time to enter heart and soul into all enterprises originated for the welfare and upbuilding of the city of Cincinnati; always ready to assist any worth}' cause, not onh' In- his envn endca\'ors, but as well by financial support. Wdien Cincinnati ])repared for the celebration of the hundredth anni\'crsar>' of her existence, and it was decided to hold a large exposition, he was one of those gentlemen who originated the enterprise, he acting as a member of the Centennial Board in 1888. This exposition attracted the attention of the whole country and demonstrated the possibilities of Cincinnati as an industrial and commercial center. Since that time there has been no great IKiblic mo\ement worthy of the attention of a man, intensely public-spirited, in Cincinnati, in which Mr. (doetz did not take a prom- inent and important part. It wms thus with the Elks’ convention in 189(), with the Grand Army Encampment in 1898 and with the National Saengerfest in 1899, of which Mr. Goetz was Vice-President and Chairman of the most important Committee of Entertain- ment. Untortunately for that enterprise, Mr. Goetz passed away prex'ious to the completion of the preliminary arrangements, and it is conceded by those in the position to know, that if that gentleman had lived, the success of the great enter]iri.se would have been assured. As Mr. Goetz was of German ixarentage, he naturally held In veneration the memory of those hardy and courageous jreople, who, coming from the Fatherland, In October, 198(1, landed on American shores, and founded the first German colony in the new world, Germantown, Pennsx'h'ania. To ])erpettiate their memory in Cincinnati, he, in 189(1, founded the “German Day Association,’’ THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1119 an incorporated body, to which nearly all the German Societies of Cincinnati belong, and which annually celebrates the anniversary of the landing of those German emigrants. The society, since its organization, has a membership of over 30,000. In 1898 Mr. Goetz was elected President of that body. He was also a member and for one term President of the Cincinnati Zoological Garden. In 1888 Mayor Amor Smith, Jr., appointed him a member of the Cincinnati Board of Fire Trustees, and his services in that Board were of such an efficient nature, that he was reappointed to the same position by Mayor Mosby, and again by Mayor Caldwell. In the fulness of his career of usefulness, death called him away, on the 23rd of January, 1899. His untimely demise was a shock to the whole community. He left a widow, Mrs. Lizzie Moerlein Goetz, with whom he lived most happily since the time of his marriage, in 1881, and three children, the oldest of whom, a son, Christian J. Goetz, is now connected with the institution founded by his grand- father, and of which his father was Vice-President. His memory was honored by the German population of Cincinnati, when, on the 10th of September, 1899, members of the German Day Association held memorial e.xercises at his resting place in the beautiful Spring Gro\’e Cemetery. His personality is still fresh in the hearts of the people who knew him, and his memory will be perpetuated for many generations to come. Warren G. Harding, Marion, Ohio, Publisher and Editor of the Marion “Star,” which is probably more widelv quoted than any other newspaper aside from the Metropolitan Dailies in the State of Ohio, was born in Morrow County, Ohio, at the village of Corsica, on the 2nd of Novem- ber, 1865. Mr. Harding was educated at the Ohio Central College, at Iberia, after which he took up the study of law; was admitted to the bar, but, preferring newspaper work, he purchased the Marion “Star” and has changed it from a doubtful financial proposition to one of the most substantial publications in the State. In 1882, Mr. Hard- ing gave his attention for a short time to the profession of teaching school. In 1899, he was elected State Senator from the old Thirteenth District, comi)osed of Logan, Lhiion, Marion and Hardin Counties. Mr. Harding took a serious \’iew of his duties and not only rendered valuable services to his constitutents, but took an active interest in shaping legislation for the entire Commonwealth. He was Chairman of the Committee on Print- ing and a member of other important committees. Contrary to the ordinary precedent. Senator Harding was re-elected in 1901, by an increased majority, becoming the Repub- lican leader in the Llpper House of the Ohio Legislature, during the sessions of the Seventy- fifth General Assembly. In addition to being the Chairman of the Committee on In- surance he was a member of the Committees on Banks, Taxation, Lhiiversities and Col- leges, Building and Loan Associations, Finance, Federal Relations, Common Schools and Claims. At the joint session of both houses, on the 29th of January, 1902, in honor of the memory of the late President McKinley, Senator Harding pronounced the eulogy. In 1903, Senator Harding was elected Lieutenant Governor of Ohio, Myron T. Herrick being elected Governor, and, in 1910 he was a Candidate for Governor on the Republican ticket. Mr. Harding is a national figure in Republican politics, being a very convincing and forceful speaker, as well as a fluent writer, and his name has been repeatedly mentioned with the highest office in the gift of the Ohio people. Richard A. Harrison, Deceased, one of the men who helped to build up the State of Ohio and the Capitol City, Columbus, in which he resided the greater part of his life, was a native of Thirsk, York- shire, England, born on the 8th of April, 1824. He was the son of Robert Harrison, a good mechanic and a man of intellectual prowess and sterling character, who became a minister of the Methodist Church. In 1832, Mr. Harrison left his native land and emi- grated to America, settling first in Warren County, Ohio, but soon afterwards removing to Springfield, Clarke County, where Richard A. Harrison, the youngest of nine children, was reared. Young Harrison obtained his education in the common schools and at Springfield High School, and then started out to fight life’s battles. While still attending school he had ser\-ed as “devil” in a printing office, and when tweh'e years of age he secured employment in the office of the Springfield Republican, of which JohnM Gallagher, at one time speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives, was then editor. Lea\'ing the printing office, it was Mr. Harrison’s determination to prepare for the l)ar, and his preliminary rearing was done under the direction of William A. Rogers, one of the eminent representatives of the legal profession in Ohio, whose office he entered in the year 1844. After reading law for eighteen months, Mr. Harrison matriculated in the Cincinnati Law School and there benefited by the instruction of William S. Groesbeck, Chas. Tel- ford, and other eminent lawyers of that day. He graduated in the spring of 1846, and was admitted to the bar on his twenty-second birthday, April 8th, 1846, at London, Ohio, by Judges Hitchcock and Ward of the Ohio Supreme Court. Mr. Harrison located for the practice of law in London, Ohio, and made continuous progress in his profession, being recognized for many years as one of the foremost lawyers of the Buckeye State. He continued in practice at London until May, 1873, when he removed to Columbus. In the latter years of his life his practice was of a most important character, connecting him with the principal points of litigation that came into the courts, while many leading business concerns and corporations employed him as counselor. While Mr. Harrison gained distinction at the bar, he became equalh' well known and was highly honored by reason of his service in public office. To each position he filled he brought wide learning, invincible integrity, sound wisdom and indefatigable devotion to duty. He studied closely the questions of the day, gi^■ing stalwart allegiance to the Whig party until new issues arose and he joined the ranks of the Republican Party. He was elected to represent Madison County in the State Legislature in the fall of 1857, after an e.xciting contest against one who had as a candidate for both the Democratic and Know-Nothing parties. It was also the first time that a Republican ticket was in the field, and although there was strong opposition, he won the election by a vote of twenty-four. While serving in the Legislature, Mr. Harrison was regarded as the peer of the ablest members of the House, and his strong and able influences was felt in the shaping of Legislation. He was prominent W G. n.-XRDING. 1120 THE BOOK OF OHIO. in the disnission of those ciuestions whicli were matters of intense interest as the country was approaching a crisis in its history. I’artv- feeling ran \er\- higli in tiiose da\s and it was a period wlien projects were formed in caucus and were carried through as par- tisan measures, with little oi)])ortunit\- for discussion among the legislators. Mr. Harrison recognized the falsity and unjustice of the methods and wlu-n occasions arose made a most formidahle jirotest against the course then prevailing. The opportunity came to him when an attempt was made to imi)licate and besmirsch the character of ('.o\-ernor Chase, who was then serving for the second term, in connection with the iincstigation of a State Treasury defalcation, by a commission appointed for that purpose. In his special message, communicating the commissioners’ re]rort to the 1 louse, the C.o\ernor called attention to the insidious criticism embraced in the re|)ort. 'Fo rebuke the C.o\ernor it was mo\-ed to print the report of the commission without the accompanying message from the chief executiw. Mr. Harrison, aroused b\' the rank injustice of such a partisan course, arose to defend the Governor, and when the earnestness of his elfort brought on a sudden attack of hemorrhage of the lungs, he still proceeded in his discussion; after a brief respitig until he brought his speech to its forcible conclusion, when in a condition of complete exhaustion he was carried from the room. Hut he had carried his jioint ; lu' had won supiiort for his cause, resulting in the publication of the Governor’s message with the ri'port of the ('ommission, so that the attempted partisan threat on Mr. Ghase proved unavailing. .Mr. Harrison continued in public life during the critical ])erit)d of the Gi\ il War, and his course was one which reflected honor and credit upon the State. He was elected t(j the Senate in 185*.), and was the Associate during the succeeding session of James A. Garlield, aftc'rwards I’nited States I’resident; Jacob 1). Gox, later a general of the army, Governor of the State and member of Presi- dent Grant’s Cabinet; Judge 'Fhomas ('.Jones; J udge Thomas M . Key ; James Monroe ; F. A. Ferguson and others who were recognized as among the most i)rominent men in state and national affairs. Mr. Harrison was made Chairman of the Judicial Committee and was elected President ])ro-tem of the Senate. Perhajis no other Senate has sat at such a critical period in history, for the questions under discussion not only affected the Commonwealth, but were of national importance as well. The Senate had to deal with such measures as strengthening the public credit, providing ami)le currency, raising and c(|uipping armies, providing ways and means for the common dehmse and the maintenance of the F'ederal Union in all its entirety and integrity. Every movement that related to the State and National honor, that tended to strengthen the Federal Government and promote the cause of the Union, received the heart\' endorsement and co-o])erat ion of Mr. Harrison. Hefore the outbreak of the war, Mr. Harrison did all in his power to prevent strife between tlu' two sections of the country. James Buchanan was still President, and, in view of the threats of the Southern States, had sent a s])ccial messagt' to Congress on the subject of the contemplated uprising of the South against the Federal Govern- ment, in which he had ostensibK' taken a position in favor of the maintenance of the Union. Mr. Harrison with his colleagues took ihe ground that the\- should assume the integrity and sincerity of President Buchanan in his message, and in support of such a policy Mr. Harrison had the honor, on tlv 12th of January, 1861, to introduce in the Ohio Senate, highly iiatriotic resolutions of which he was the autlu)r. 'I'hese resolutions, of which a distinguished contemporary said, that they should merit for Mr. Harrison a just immorlalit)', i)assed (he Semate with but one dissenting voice, and received but two opposing votes in the House. When in the following h'cbruary, Abraham Lincoln, then enroute to Washington, to be inaugurated as President, was the guest of G()\-ernor Dennison, on being introduced to Mr. Flarrison, asked if he was the author of the patriotic and timely resolutions, and expressed great pleasure at meeting the one who had written those lines. When the Ci\il W.ir brokt’ out it was only his physical fragility that prevented Mr. Harrison from joining the Army, and throughout the ])cri(id of hostilities he remained as one ot the most loyal and undaunted champions of the Government and its policy, while to (he soldiers at the front he extended every possible aid and support, lie furthered the work of the nation Ijy his service in Congress, to which he was elected as successor of Kx-Governor C'orwin, who was appointed Minister to Mexico. He entered the National House of Kepresentati\es fluring the momentous extra session called Iw President Lincoln, which convened July 4th, 1861. On the flrd of March, 1S63, he retired to private life, for in the legislative rea]rportionment of the Congressional Districts of Ohio, in 1S62, Madison Countx’ was attached to the Lranklin District, which made its Democratic majority a large one. In 1870, Mr. Harrison was a candidate for the Supreme Court bench of Ohio, l)ut met defeat with the entire Republican ticket. In 1875, Mr. Harrison declined an appointment as a member of the Supreme Court Commission of Ohio, when Governor Hayes named him for the oliice, and the Senate unanimf)us!y conflrmefl the appointment. Again he declined to serve on the Su|)reme Bench when Governor I'oraker would ha\’e appointed him as successor ot Judge Wdlliam W. Johnson, in 1887. His private practice was then too large and renumerati\e for him to sacrifice it for the inadcfiuate emoluments of judicial office. 'Fhe death of Mr. Harrison occurred in July, 1*.)04. He was married on the 31st of December, 1847, to Miss Maria Louisa Wkirner, at London, Ohio. Of a family of three daughters and four sons, two daughters and two sons survive him. FRED J. 1 lEER Fred J. Heer, One of the best known business men of Columbus, Ohio, was born on the 14th of October, 1859, in the Capitol City of Ohio. His jrarents were Jacob and Caroline Schweitzer Heer who w'ere reirresentatives of the high type of German-American citizenship. The educational opportunities of the son included primary and grammar school courses, with one year’s attendance at the high school, and then, at the age of thirteen, he was forced to start in life on his own account. In 1871 he entered the printing establishment of Glenn & Heyde, and became thoroughly conversant with the trade during his eight years’ connection wdth that house. In 1878 he was offered and accepted the foremanship of the Lutheran Book Concern. He remained in that capacity until 1893, when he was made assistant manager, and in 1899, became manager. Lrom 1895 until 1900 he was in partnershi]) with Mr. John L. Trauger, but in the latter year the partnership was dis- solved, and for several years Mr. Heer continued in charge. He then resolved to estab- lish a printing house, commensurate with the o])portunities of the city, the Lred J. Heer Printing Company, wfliich now occupies a prominent place in industrial circles. Mr. Heer is a public-spirited man. From 1887 until 1903 he w-as a member of the Board of Education. He was likewise a member of the Board of Trustees of the Ohio Medical University, and its President for se\'en years; a member of the Board of Trustees of the Columbus Public Library and a life member of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society. He is an honorary member of the Columbus Tyix)graphical LInion No. 5; is a member of the Board of Trade and in more sirecifically social lines is connected with the Olentangy Club. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1121 John Francis Herget, Pastor of the Ninth Street Baptist Church, Cincinnati, was born on the 7th of October, 1873, at St. Louis, Mo. His father, John Herget, was a native of Hamburg, Germany, while his mother, Margaret Lynds Herget, was born in Nova Scotia, Canada. Both had emigrated to the United States in childhood. Pastor Herget was educated in the William Jewell College, Liberty, Mo., and at the Rochester Theological Seminary, Rochester, N. Y., graduating from college in 1895, and from the seminary in 1898. He holds the degrees of A. B. and A. M. Before coming to Cincinnati, Pastor Herget had charge of con- gregations in St. Louis and in Buffalo, N. Y. On the 31st of October, 19U0, Mr. Herget was married to Miss Julia Minor. One child, a boy, now eight years old, has blessed their union. Mr. Herget resides at The Elberon, Price Hill, Cincinnati, Ohio. Avigust Herrmann, One of the most prominent Republicans of Cincinnati, Ohio, and a man who is well and favorably acquainted all (jver the United States, is a native Cin- cinnatian of German parentage. He received the first rudiments of an edu- cation in the public schools of his native city. When eleven years of age his father died, and he was forced to help suppcjrt his mother. He entered a print- ing office as a printer’s de\il, learned the printing trade and subsequently became foreman in the office of the Law Bulletin. Mr. Herrmann has always taken a keen interest in public affairs and has been a lifelong Repub- lican, who stands high in the councils of his party. He began his public career as a member of the Cincinnati School Board, ser\ ing in that capacity for four vears. In 1887 he J. F. HERGET. was appointed Assistant Clerk of the Cincinnati Police Court, and in 1891, he received the appointment as one of the members of the Board of Ad- ministration, being chosen President of the Board. In 1899 Mr. Herrmann was appointed President of the Board of Waterworks’ Trustees, fi nder his administration the superb new Waterworks of Cincinnati were built and completed in 1907. As principal owner of the Cincinnati Base Ball Team, the “Reds,” and as Chair- man of the National Base Ball Commission, he is knwon all over the I nited States. He is a prominent memfjer and Past Exalted Ruler of the Cincinnati Lodge, B. P. O. E., and had charge of the great National Reunion of the fiilks, in 190(1, in Cincinnati, which proved to be a great success. Two years later, Mr. Herrmann had charge of the National Bowling Contest in Cin- cinnati, and in 1909 he was entrusted with the management of the National Turnfest, at Cincinnati, the most successful affair of its kind held in the history of the National German Turners Association. He also is a member of the North Cincinnati Turnverein, and of many other organizations and clubs. He is married and resides on Hollister Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. William F. Hess, Secretary of the Cincinnati Brewers’ Board of Trade and of the Ohio Brewers’ Associa- AUG. HERRMANN. tion, was born in Cincinnati, on the 27th of June, 1872. His parents, Vincent Hess, a baker, and Anna Roth Hess, are natives of Germany, having emigrated when children. Mr. Hess was educated in the Cincinnati public schools, after which he took a course in shorthand and bookkeeping at the Cincinnati Business College. He started in public life at the age of fifteen years, as a clerk in the City Infirmary Department. He was later Bookkeeiter and Department Ivxaminer In the City Auditor’s Office and Secretary and Treasurer of The \\ m. S. Sohn Brewing W. F. HESS. Mr. Plindel was educated in the Licking Charles IL Hindel, Chief of Police of Newark, ( )hio, was Itorn on the 12th of August, 1849, at Browns- ville, Licking County, Ohio, and is the son of Jacob Hindel, a shoe manufac- turer of Pennsylvania, of Dutch ancestry, while the mother was l)orn in Ohio, and of English descent. Mr. Hindel’s ances- tors on both sides of (he family ha\e been in this country for generations. County public schools. At the age of CM. He has been a Republican all his mature life, and served two terms as a member of the Board of Education. Socially, he is a Scottish Rite Mason, a Shriner, Odd Fellow, a member of the Young Men’s Blaine Club and the Cuvier Press Club. On the 24th of April, 1895, he was married to Miss Rose Youngman. They have one child, William Hess, Jr. hlr. Hess re- sides at 421 Southview Avenue. His offices are located at 22 ('farfield Place, Cincinnati, Ohio. seventeen years he started in business life as a “printers’ devil,” in the office of the C. H. HINDEL. ] J22 THE BOOK OF OHIO, Newark AdNocate, remainin^^ there until lS(i(). In the following year he went to Cincinnati, working as a printer with Allison, Smith & Johnson. In iSTli, he i-eturned to Newark, acce|)t ing 1 he i)osItion of foreman with the Newark American, with which firm he remained until IS'.IS, when he was appointed ( '.uard in tlu' Ohio State Penitentiary, at ('olumbus. He filled that position until 1905, serving under W ardens Coftin, I )arh\-, I lershe>- and Could. In 1905 he came back to Newark and accepted the position of Deputy Sheriff, holding ^ame until 1909. lie then n-tired to pri\ate life and prosi)ected in oil until the 11th of July, 1910, when he was appointed Chief of Police of .Newark. Child' I lindel Is a Republican in iK)lItics and has served his party faithfully and well. He has held the office of Councilman of .Newark. Socialh', he Is a member of the Royal Arcanum. Chief Hindel was married to Miss Ella Wfiley, on the lOth of .August, ISSI. rhe\- ha\'c one daughter, Helen, born on the 17th of May, 1880. The family reside at 522 Kibler Ave., .Newark, ( )hio. William Cyrus Holliday, Pornu'r Su])erintendent of Construction in the Waterworks Dejrartment of ('olumbus, ( )hIo, was born on the 19th of March, 1801, at Marysville, Ohio. His parents. Rev. W. C. llollidaN’, and Eliza .A. Cherrington Holliday, were both natives of Ohio. The father and gnmdfather were ministers of the Methodist Episcopal Church in early days, when the circuits were large and wide apart and they had to tra\’el on horseback from one place to the other. 'I'he Cherringtons were early settlers in Virginia. His grandmother (Cherrington) was a cousin of Nancy Hank, the mother of Abraham Lincoln. During the War of the Rebellion, Rev. WA C. Holliday was Cha])lain of the Sixtieth Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, seiwitig four years iti the army. Mr W’m. C. Ho liday was educated in the common schools of Ohio. At sixteen years of age he went to work In a stove foundry at I hinging Rock, ( )hio, remaining In the foundry business for many years. He has always beeti a good, hard working Re])ul)lican. He was Assistant Superintendent of the Colum- bus W aterworks under the Jeffrey administratlor and city paymaster under the Badger administration. After the election of Mayor Bond he was appointed In the Waterworks De- jjartment. On the 2f)th of Eebruary, 1880, he was married to Miss Minnie Tippett. Five children, Sam Waldin, Susie Beulah, Helen Hank, Mary Louise and Homer James, have been the issue of their union. The family reside at 2470 Indianola Avenue, Columbus, ( )hIo. Louis Hudepohl, Deceased, who during a long and useful life was one of the most popular business men of Cincinnati, was born on July 2t)th, 1842, in the Queen City. His father, Louis Hudepohl, w.is a nrizes ottered for a dissertation. In 1804 he began practice in the town of Gray. The same year he removed to Boston, entering the olfice of Judge Woodbury, one of the most distinguished members of the Alassachusetts bar. His acK’ancement in the jirolession was rapid. In 18(17, Mr. Ingalls was elected to the Massachusetts Legislature, representing the Sixth Senatorial District in that body. He ser\ed one term with distinction, but, at the expiration of his term of office, declined renomination, as his jiractice had constantly increased, surpassing his fondest hopes. He soon became counsel for several large and inffuential corpora- tions and continued as such until 1871, when he was ])ersuaded by the stockholders of the Indianapolis, Cincinnati & Lafayette R. R. Company to remo\-e to Cincinnati and become receiver of the C'om]iany. In this capacity he displayed great e.xecutive ability, and in three \ears time placed the road in such condition that a reorganization was possible. He was elected President ol the C ompany and continued In that office until 187(1, when the road was again throwm into bankruptcy. Mr. Ingalls again was made receiwr. In hebruary, 1880, alter he had completed his work, the company was reorganized as the ('Incinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis and ( hicago Railroad, and again Mr. Ingalls was elected President of the C'ompany. He retained the Presidency until 1889, when the com|)an\- was consolidated with the ('leveland, Cincinnati, C'hicago & St. Louis Railway ('ompany, commonly knowm as the Big hour Railroad, of which he was elected President, filling that position for many years. When he retired Iroiii the Presidency ol till' Big hour Railroad, Mr. Ingalls became President of the Merchants’ National Bank, one of the leading financial institutions of ( incinnati, t,)hio. He tilled this olfice until 1910, when the bank was consolidated with the First National Bank of Cincinnati, and THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1123 Mr. Ingalls retired to private life. F'rom 1881 to 1883, Mr. Ingalls was President of the Kentucky Central Railroad, and from 1888 to 1900 he filled the Presidency of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company. Mr. Ingalls, for many years has l)een a national figure, and at various times has been mentioned for the office of United States Senator. He is one of the leaders of the Democratic party and has served his party in many capacities. He is a public speaker of great force. In 1893 Mr. Ingalls delivered the address at the dedication of the Cincinnati City Hall. In 1890 he was President of the Cincinnati Exposition Company. He is a public- spirited man and has done more than his share in furthering the interests of his home city. He is one of the founders and staunch supporters of the Cincinnati Art Museum. On the 19th of January, 1867, he was married to Miss Abbie M. Stimson, of Gray, Maine. Four sons and two daughters have been the issue of their marriage. Mr. Ingalls resides at East \\"alnut Hills, one of the most beautiful suburbs of Cincinnati, Ohio. One of Springfield’s leading citizens. President of the Home, Lighting, Power and Heat- ing Company, and Vice-President of the O. S. Kelly Company, was born on the 17th of April, 1857, at Springfield, Ohio, the son of the late Oliver S. and Ruth Ann Peck Kelly. Both parents of Mr. Kelly were born in Clark County, Ohio, and both passed awa>- at E. E. KELLOGG. Springfield, the father on the 9th of April, 1904, and the mother on the 9th of May, 1901. They had five children, of whom two sons now survive. The late Oliver S. Kelly was one of Springfield’s strong, intellectual, self-made men. He was identified with many of her most successful enterprises and was prominent in her public affairs. Mr. E. S. Kelly was reared at Springfield and received a collegiate education. He became associated wdth his father in business while still a young man and has continued his connections with important enterprises. Mr. Kelly was married 'to Miss Martha Linn, who is a member of an old pioneer family that came to Clark County from Pennsylvania. They have three children. In politics, Mr. E. S. Kelly is a staunch Republican, but he is more of a business man than a politician. He owns a beautiful home at Yellow Springs, Ohio. Edwin E. Kellogg, Of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 14th of February, 1862, at No. 3811 Eastern A\-enue, in the house that he has lived in all his life. The house was built by his grandfather, Samuel Knicely, in the spring of 1835, and his mother, Sarah K. Kellogg, who was Sarah Knicely before her marriage, has resided seventy-five years in the same house. Mr. Edwin E. Kellogg’s education was obtained in the public schools. He was employed in a drug store nine years and served twelve years in a clerical capacity in the City Engineer’s office, under H. J. Stanley. On the 1st of January, 1899, he became a member of the City Council of Cincinnati, in which capacity he serA'cd until the 1st of January, 1910. He has the proud record of ha\ ing missed but two meetings in the eleven years that he was a member of Council. During his service with the city he was always active in the interests of the people, having secured improvements for his section of the city, amount- ing in cost to over two million dollars, thus greatly aiding private improvements and beau- tifying the Eastern section of Cincinnati. Edwin S. Kelly, Oliver S. Kelly, Deceased, who, during a life of usefulness was one of the leading manufacturers of Springfield, ( )hio, was born on the 23rd of Deceml)er, 1824, on a farm near Springfield, Ohio. Mr. Kelly traced his ancestry back to the Colonial days. His grandfather, James Kellv, was one of the heroes of the Revolutionary War, while his father, John Kelly, ser\-ed in the War of 1812. Mr. John Kelly had settled in Green Township, then In Greene, now In Clark County, In 1808. He died in September, 1825, when his son, (4liver S. KelK', was but nine months old. The latter spent his early youth on his father’s farm. At the age of 14 he started out to make his own way in the world, finding employment on the farm of Wm. T. Meintire, where he remained until 1842. He then entered upon an appren- ticeship at the carpenter’s trade, serving in that position for three years. One year was then spent as a journeyman, after which he entered into partnership with J. A. Anderson, under the firm name of Anderson N Kelly, and the new firm prospered. This business relationship was maintained until 1852, when the partnership was dissolved and Mr. Kelly went to California, hoping to more rapidlv gain a fortune among the mines of the Golden State. He left his wife and one child in ( )hio, and after four years he returned to Springfield with a capital sufficient to enable him to become an active and useful factor in the business life of the city. Mr. Kcllv’s first venture after his return was in the wholesale grocery line, but soon he disposed of his interest in the same, and, in November, 1857, he became a member of the firm of Whiteley, Fassler & Kelly. The new house prospered as the years passed, and in the course of time the firm became recognized as a leader In the manufacture of agricultural implements throughout the country. Before Mr. Kelly’s connection therewith was terminated, the Champion Works had become one of the most important and extensive industries of Springfield. In 1881, however, Mr. Kelly sold out his interest, and, in 1882, purchased the Rhinehart & Ballard Threshing Machine Works and organized a company under the name of the Springfield Engine & Threshing Comi:)any. This was incorporated with (). S. Kelly as President, and O. Yh Kelly, Superintendent. Later the business name was changed to the O. S. Kelly Company. The firm has a branch at Iowa City, Iowa. It manufacturers all kinds of threshing machines and engines, also piano plates, etc. After the Whiteley, Fassler & Kelly Company had erected its new works, Mr. Kelly purchased the old factory of the firm, tore down the build- ings, and on its site erected the splendid Arcade Buildings. At one time Mr. Kelly was also connected with the banking interests of the city, having been a Director and Vice-President of the Second National Bank. On the 23rd of December, 1847, Mr. Kelly was married to Vliss Ruth Ann Peck. Four sons and one daughter were born to them, of whom only two sons are Ii\ ing: ( ). W. and E. S. Kelly. Mr. O. S. Kelly was a public-si^Irlted, broad minded man, and he always took a deep interest in the affairs of his home cit\'. In 1863 he was elected a member of the City Council, filling that position for a period of six years. He also was one ot the Trustees of the Waterworks, and, in 1887, he was elected Mayor of Springfield. During his administration the city hall was built. At the same time the city built the Esplanade, Mr. Kelly donating the Fountain, and also erected a hospital. Mr. Kelly, from 1898 to 1902, served as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Hospital. He was also a member of the Tax Commission, and was, for more than twenty-five years, one of the Trustees of Ferncllff Cemetery. THE BOOK OF OHIO. B. II. Kroger, Born in Cincinnati, January 2(ith, 1800, founder of The Kroger Crocery & Baking Com- pany and the Bro\-ident Sa\'ings Bank and Trust Com])any, built the Cincinnati, Mil- ford and l,o\eland Traction Road in lOlKC Mr. Kroger is the son of J. H. and Mary G. Kroger, pioneers of Cincinnati, who arri\'ed here in 1827. Mis father for many years prior to 1878 was in the dry goods business. His mother is still li\ ing. Mr. Kroger was married in 1880 to Miss Minnie Jansen, who died in 1899, lea^'ing se\en children: Ra>miond, who has since died, Gertrude, Lucile, Henry, Helen, Chester and Gretchen. Mr. Kroger is a member of the yueen City Club, Business IMen’s Club, Chamber of Commerce; also ol the Bankers Club. What is now known as The Kroger Grocery & Baking Company, the most successful mercantile enter])rise in the city of Cincinnati, was started on July 1st, 1883, with a capital of .SOoO., b\- B. H. Kroger, who is now its Presiflent. The initial business consisted principalK' in the selling of tea, coffee, spices, etc., but later developed into a general grocery store. d'he wonderful success (d this store encouraged Mr. Kroger to open other stores of the same character, A\hich he continued to do until 1900, when he owned and operated thirty-si.x retail grocery stores in the city of Cincinnati and vicinity. At that time the sales amounted to .81 , 700 , 000. 00, and Mr. Kroger then built a mammoth warehouse for the storagt.' and distribution of suitplies, which also included a l)read bakery and complete roasting |)lant. 1 n April, 1901 , he opened a cracker bakery (m hnver Vine Street , baking all the crackers needed to sui)])ly the various stores. In .\pril, 1902, the Comp.m\' was incor])orated for .11,000,000.00, under the name of The Kroger Grocery & Baking Company, and in .\ugusl of the s.ime \ear the Company |)urchast‘d a bitilding site and erected a large warehottse, a complete bread bakery, a stable in l)a\ ton, ( )hio, and opened lifteen retail stores in I );iyton, Miamisbitrg, Ritpta and Xenia, all ol which met with phenomenal sticcess. In, 1903, the lirst factory wtis bttilt on the north side ol Htmt Street, tor the manulacture ot candy, itreserves and grocers’ sundries. In 1901 tln' coni|>any decided to embark in the retail meat bitsiness and absorbed the slaitghter house, packing plant and retail storo of The Shappel- \agel Co. h'rom then on until the Ix’ginning of lt)07, new additiotis were cptickly made, including eight retail stores, w.irehotise, b.domc time Samuel S. Linton owned and culli\aled a farm at Green Plains, Clark County, Ohio, but in 1S33 sold that property and remo\ed to Miami Counlw Indiana, where he secured a tract of land of three hundred and sixty acres, lying on the left bank of the Fel Ki\'(.‘r, ii\c- inih's from Peru, and directU' ojiiMisite the chief village of the Pottawattamie Indians, where now stands the town of Deiner. It was a new and unsettled district in which the inhabitants suffered largely from malaria fever, that disease causing the death of .Mr. Linton in 1S3(). d'he famih', numbering the mother and three sons, Jonathan F., Nathan and Samuel, returnetl to Ohio the same yi-ar. Fhe birth of lonalhan F. Linton had occurred December Ui, 1831, on his father’s farm, six miles southeast of Springfield, Ohio, in tlu' localil>- known as Green Plains. He was in his^iifth year at the time of the return to Ohio, and in the district schools and academii's of Warren Couiitv' lu‘ largely aaiuired his education, with the addition of a short course at Woodward College, in Cincinnati, ( )hio, lUirsiK-d with a \ iew to becoming a Ci\ il Fngineer. 1 le served a short ajrprenticeship at the printer’s trade in the office of the S|)iinglield Republic, muU'r John M. Gallagher, and in the office of the Wilmington Republican under David Fisher, then a member of Congia>>. lie s[)enl tlu' \ear of 184!) in work at his trade in Lafayette, Indiana, and New Orleans, Louisiana. The year of 1850 he devoted to making some imi)rovements on the three hundred and sixty acres of land which his father had secured on the Eel River in Indiana, ;md in surveving. In March, ISol, he traveled on horsel)ack from his home in Warren County, Ohio, to Peru, Illinois, ,dl of fiw hundred miles b\- the route he took, to accept a positiem on an engineering corps wdiich was being organized there to make the preliminary survevs and estimates for one division of the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad. Five months w'ere consumed in the completion of this work, and later, in company with a relative, John F. Gral)le, Mr. Linton returned to Ohio, where they attended the fair> - l.d<(‘ to Detroit, b\- rail to Grand Haven on Michigan Central, and thence across the lake to Chicago, and by canal to Peru, Illinois. In the venture as live slock dealers, they were reasonably successful. The following winter Mr. Linton engaged in teaching school, and in the spring of LSo'i, as there was still some uncertainly concerning the building of the Chicago & Rock Island Rail- road, he pul in the reason b\’ im|)roving one hundred and sixty acres of prairie, that he had purchased near the present site of the town of Mendola. On the 1st of January, 18r>3, Mr. Linton became connected with journalistic interests through the purchase of the Peru Weekly Democrat, w'hich he i)ublished as a W hig organ. He soon afterw-ard l)egan the issue of a daily edition, a six column folio, one of the first dailies c-stablished in the state, north of Springfield and outside of Chicago. Two bound volumes, still in existence, present much (lu‘ aiipearance of the iiapers of today, being printed in brevier and nonpareil, with a good showing of advertising, set up solid in about the manner that classified advertising now ajipears. The paper w'as printed on a cylinder press. There were five presses in the estab- lishment and connected with it was a fairly well equipped book Ijindery, including a ruling machine. Many of the counties in that section of the state were then without a paper or printing office, and he did a good l)usiness in furnishing them with their legal blanks and in doing their general job work. Mr. Linton became an intluential factor in molding the political history of that period. He advocated the coalition of the W'hig .ind Freesoil partii’s, and was one of the three Secretaries of the State Convention, held at Ottawa, Illinois, in August, 1854, that brought ,d)out this alliance and gave rise to the Republican party. In 1904 he was the only survivor of all those whose names were mentioned in the rei)orts ol the i)roceedings. He was a Delegate to the first Congressional Nominating Convention held in his distrii-t, which consisted of thirteen counties and which convened at Bloomington, September 12, 1854. It was during the evening following the close of this convention that he first met Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Lincoln did not appear in either the Ottawa State Convention, held a month previous, or in the District (’onv'ention, but he addressed a large audience in the evening after the adjourn- ment of the convention and discussed the (luestion of slavery in the territories — a paramount issue at that time. Mr. Linton after- ward met Mr. Lincoln on several occasions between that time and his last meeting with him, which was in May, 1864. In the meantime, in March, 1855, Mr. Linton sold his newspaper and bindery for seventy-four hundred dollars and Invested In ten hundred and fortv’ acres of land in the northeast corner of Lee County, seventy miles west of Chicago, and the first year there- De])ot, Ohio, ( )ne son, Gordon Hamilton Ma.xwell, was born to them. Mr. Maxwell resides at 1103 Garrison Street. I'remout, ( )hio. Frederick Mayer, ( )iu' of the substantial business men of 4'oledo, Ohio, was born on the 17th of August, 1808, at Toledo, Ohio, the son of George F. Ma\'er and Magdalena Kna])p Max’er, both natix’es (jf Germany, haxlng emigrated into the new world about the Near of 1850. He received a meager education in the public schools ol his nati\e cit\-, Init by force of circumstances he had to leave schocjl at the age ol IweK'e \ ears, to make his own li\ing. He entered the grain business, in Nvhich he is ''till engaged. In his leisure hours he educated himself, studying hard and taking advan- tagi' ol e\'ery opportunity to gain knowledge. At present, Mr, Mayer is one of the f(jre- most grain merchants of I oledo and senior member (jl the firm of J, F, Zahm X C'ompaiiN'. Mr. Ma\'er is greath' interested in the affairs of his city. He has held the ])osition as Pri'sident of tin’ ( )hio ( irain Dealers Association: President of the Toledo Produce Ex- change, and Second \ ice-IVesident ot the Grain Dealers National Association. He also belongs to the Masonic l)odies, the M\’stic Shrine, the Toledo A’acht ('lub, ln\’erness ( loll ( lub and Modern Woodmen, Mr. Mayer is connected with the Presbyterian ( hurch al ( olliugw{)od ,A\'enue. He is married and has one daughter. His resilience is located at 3.>0 Winthro]) Street, and his offices are at 35 Produce Exchange, Toleilo, ( )hio, George ,\. Michel, SanduskN’, ( )hio, ranks among the substantial citizens and business men of that city. He i'' a nati\e ot ( )liio, born and reared at Sandusky, the son of one of the [)ioneers of Lrii’ t ()unt\- ,md of ( lerman ancestry. Fie received his education in the Sandusky l)ublic schools, after which he entered business life, connecting himself with the business (.■''tablished b\- his father, ot which he noNV is President and General Manager, the firm now being 1 he Michel Gooperage C'ompany, It was established in 1880 and incor- FRED MAYER. 1 1 2S I IN \ MAR I INC , THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1129 porated into a stock company in 1902. The i)roducts of the firm, which employs about fifty hands, and is fitted up with the most modern machinery, are tight cooperage, viz; whiskey, wine and beer barrels, casks, tanks and filters, kraut, vinegar, oil and varnish barrels. The officers of the Company are George A. Michel, President, Treasurer and General Manager, and L. M. Conners, Secre- tary. The works and offices are located at the corner of Market and Warren Streets, Sandusky, Ohio. Charles A. Miller, One of the leading business men of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 19th of August, 1842, in Wyoming County, New York. His father, Mr. George A. Miller, a carriage builder, was a native of Vermont, while his mother, Mrs. Esther Fuller Miller, was born in New York State. Mr. Chas. A. Miller received his education in the hard school of life. The knowledge he has acquired comes from hard personal study, for his instructi(uis consisted of but two weeks in common schools. He started in business life to enable him to earn his livelihood, at the early age of seven years, when he became an errand boy in a butcher shop. Later he learned the trade of house painter, in which he remained until the 10th of September, 18G1, when he enlisted as a Private in Company M, of the Fifth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, in which he served for a period of two years and six months. He never filled a rank higher than orderly sergeant, but nevertheless he had occasion to command his company in important engagements. He took part in the battles of Shiloh and Batton\-ille. Ha\ing been honorably discharged, he again took service in the Union Army, enlisting in the Thirty-Third Ohio Infantry until the close of Civil War, taking part in Sheridan’s “March to the Sea.” He received his first honorable discharge on the 28th of July, 18(i5. Coming to Cincinnati in 1869, Mr. Miller engaged in the undertaking business, in which he is still acti-ve. Mr. Miller has always been a staunch Democrat of the old school, and he has ser\ ed his party and the people in general faithfully and well. For a period of fifteen years and four months he was a member of the Hamilton County Board of Elections, having received his appointments to this position from Governor Foraker and Mayors Caldwell and Tafel. In 1876 he was elected Township Clerk, serxing one term. In 1881 he was elected County Treasurer, which position he held for one term, and again he was elected for one term as a member of the Board of Public Service. He also ser\-ed for seven years in the Board of Education. Mr. Miller is a member of the Cincinnati Duckworth Club; of the Masonic Fraternitx' and of the I. O. O. F. He was one of the Trustees who Iniilt the Cincinnati City Hall, and is a member of the Board of Trustees of Memorial Hall, and Treasurer of the Building Funds of the I. O. (4. F'. He also belongs to Israel Ludlow Post, G. R. Mr. Miller was married on the 11th of August, 1864, to Miss Melissa R. Campbell, while being home from the army on a furlough. F'our sons hax'e been the issue of their marriage. Mr. Miller’s residence and place of business are located at 4138 Hamilton Avenue, Cumminsville, Cincinnati, Ohio. C. .X. MILLER Secretary and General Manager of the Washington Brewing Company, and one of the prominent and successful business men of Columbus, Ohio, was born in Steubenx’ille, Ohio, in 1867. His father, John Mooney, was a native of Ireland, and, in 1858, arrix'ed in Steubenville, where he became a pioneer contractor. He built all of the tunnels in that locality, and as a railroad mason worked on the Steubenville and Indiana Railroad, now a part of the PennsyK ania System. His labors were splendid specimens of engineering, and he became widely known in that connection. He continued in active business for many years, but in 1873 retired to enjoy the fruits of his former toil, spending his remain- ing days in Steubenx ille, where he died in 1903. He was married to Margaret McCormick, of Wheeling, W. Va., who died in the spring of 1903. George F'. Mooney was educated at the schools of Steubenville. Possessing much natural musical talent which had been developed through training, he afterward taught music for a number of years. In 1880 he entered the retail liciuor trade in Columbus, remaining in that business until 1896. For three years during his connection with the wholesale liciuor trade he was emplox'ed as a salesman and afterward accepted the agency of the brewery as its manager. He next bought the agency of the Pabst Brewing Company, representing the Company in Colum- bus for six years. On the 15th of November, 1905, he assisted in the organization of the Washington Brewing Company, of Columbus, of which he became Secretary and General Manager. Its organization was largely attributed to his efforts and he superintended and personally carried out the construction of the plant and the selection of machinery. The brewery is a model of its kind. Mr. Mooney has always been active in the organ- ization of liquor interests, for the betterment of conditions in the trade, and for several years has been a member of the Fixecutive Board of the State Licpior League. F'or three years he was Vice-President of the Irocpiois Company, and was one of the factors in its organization. On the 15th of May, 1886, he was married to Miss Margaret Bauermeister, of Columbus. They haxe one son, J. F'rank Mooney. Mr. Mooney is a member of the Commercial Trax'elers of America; the Elks and the Eagles. He was one of the original members of the old Jackson Club, and of the Buckeye Lake Yacht Club, of which he is Commodore. G. F. MOONEX'. George Francis Mooney, James E. Mooney, One of the leading business men of Cincinnati, w'as born on the 4th of May, 1832, near the present town of WGldron, Shelby County, Indiana, the son of Edmund and Mary Nicholson Mooney, natives of Pennsylvania and \drginia respectix’ely. His paternal ances- tors came from the North of Ireland, xvhile his mother’s peojde originalh' came from Wales. Flis father in early life, with his mother, moved to the vicinity of Lexington, Kentucky, where he served an apprenticeship with Lewis Castleman, a relative, to the trade of a tanner. He was married there in 1818 and later moxed with his family first to Jefferson, and later to Shelby CoimW, Indiana, where his son James E. Mooney was born. When the latter was six years of age his 1130 2'HE BOOK OF OHIO. parcMits nu)\-c(l to the town of Slu'll)y\Hle, Indiana, where James attended school for a period of five years. At the expiration of that time he reeeixed two more \ears of schooling, a year meaning six months in the winter season. This was the e.xtent of his instructions in school, and further I'diicat ion was acquired tlirongh pri\ate research while employed in various capacities. Ilis father and older brothers were tmgaged in the matiiifacture of leather (harness and saddlery), and at the age of thirteen vears he became ai)prenticed to the trade, also assisting as salesman and iti the keeping of accounts. He later became clerk in a neighboring store wheia' he ac(|tiired \aluable businesss training. In 1849, after the completion of the Madison & Indianapolis Railroad, the first in Indiana, \-oung Moone\’ acceiited em])lo\nient in the first exclusively Avholesale hoitse established in Indianapolis. From 1S.41 to 1S.")4 he was accountant anil c.ishier of a large i)ork packing establishmetit at IMadison, Ind. I )uring these wars of toil he laid by as much of his salary as he could spare, and in the Autumn of 1853 contributed this amount toward the establishment of a getieral store at ICdinburg, under the firm name of Clark & Mooney, his first employer being a |)arlner. This linn continued successfulK' for a period of fi\e years. In 1857, Mr. Mooney’s father becoming an invalid, and incapa- citated for business, .Mr. Mootie\’ with his brother \V. W. Mooney, |)urchased his interest in the tanning business, forming the firm of W. W. Ov [. V.. Moone\-. In 1858, .Mr. Mooney, itnder the name of Mooney & C'ompany, established a leather store and currying shop on South Meridian Strca'l, 1 ndiatiapolis, Indiana. In 181)3 the lanner\- at Columbus, Inditma was cotistructed by W. \\b and J. F. Mooney, and its business was moved from another portion of the count\’ distant from a railroad, and the firm was o])crated successfully for fifteen years, when Mr. Mooney sold his interest to his nejihews, who haw successfully cotitimied its o|)eration. In 18(H), soon after the close of the Ci\il War, Mr. Mooney estalilished a wholesale leather store on Main Street, Louisville, Ki'ntitck\', under the name of Mooney, Mantel A' Cowan, preliminary to learning the resoitrces of that locality for tanning material tiecessar\- to su[)pl\' a large tannery, later built, and still oiterated as a branch of The American Oak Leather Company. It was not until 1873 that he became identified with any business ventitre of Cincinnati. In that year he subscribed to stock in the Mt. .Adams and Lden Lark Inclined Plane Railway Comitany. He later gave his personal attention to it, investing more of his money, and the success which finally crowned his efforts rellects great credit on his Itusiness ability. The completion attd oper- ation of this enterprise resulted in the rapid growth of Watlnitt Hills. The first street car operated by electricity in Cincinnati was ruti oNcr this road. In 1874 he became largely interested in the Muscogee Ltimber Company, of Pensacola, Florida, which owned 100,000 acres of timber land, se\t'ral mills and se\eral miles ol railroad located on and near the Perdido Ri\er, in hlorida and Alabama, and continued w ith that concern until it was sold to an Lnglish Syndicate, eighteen years later. In 187(1 he became a stockholder ol the ( incinnati Coffin Company, which has grown to large proportions and now atlords employment to some 500 employees. He is now and has been for many years President of that Company. In 1880 he orgatiized, and contimtes as the largest stockholder and President of The American Oak Leather Company of Cin- cinnati, which in that year began the erection of an extensive plant, covering near three blocks, bounded by McLean and Dalton Avenues, and Kenner and W'ade Streets. F'arly in its existence the plant experienced two disastrous floods, and a portion of it has fwi('c‘ been destroyed by fire; but with all, the company has been sitccessful and gives employment to more than one thousand employ- ees. branch tanneries are operated and maintained at Decatur, Alabama and Louis\ille, Kentucky, with tanning extract factories at Newport, Pa., Harriman, 4'cnn. and Decatur, Alabama. The company also has branch houses at Boston, Chicago and St. Louis, and through these the irroducts of the tanneries are placed on the market. In 1880 Mr. Mooney became a stockholder and President of The American Starch Company, of Columbus, Ind., whose plant was destroyed by fire in April, 1895. In 1901 he became a stockholder and President of The Commercial Tribune Building Company, who erected the large office building on Wfiilnut Street, north of Government Place, and an annex, containing more than 100,000 square feet of floor space, now occupied by the leading printers, engravers and bookbinders of the city. Mr. Mooney’s career has been an unusual one in the \ariety of his undertakings and the great success achieved in each. Good fortune has not always been at hand, as is evidenced^l)y the numerous destructions of his plants by fires and floods, and competition has always been spirited. A man of great will jiower, courage and determination, he has succeeded where others have failed, and his achievements in the industrial world will remain as a monument to his memory after he has passed away. Bishop David Hastings Moore, Of the Methodist Lpiscopal Church, residence at this writing in Cincinnati, is a native of Ohio. He was liorn September 4, 1838, on Margaret’s Creek, near the then village of Athens, to which his parents removed in his early infancy. His father, Hon. Eliakim Hastings Moore (born in M’orcester County, Mass., in 1812; died in Athens, Ohio, 19()0) came into the Ohio Company’s Purchase when a mere lad, diligently improved the meager advantages then provided for education. He helped his father l)uild the original structures of the Ohio University in Athens, Init himself never enjoyed the training it afterwards afforded. Particularly fond of mathematics, he was made Deputy Surveyor by the Hon. S. B. Pruden, to whom he was indebted for the drill that made him in subsequent years the most renowned surveyor in that section of the state. People rightly believed in him and advanced him to various positions of trust and honor, culminating in the House of Representatives of the National Congress. Bishop Moore’s mother was Amy Barker, a native of the State, her father ha^•ing been born on Cape Cod, Mass.; her mother, Isabella Harper, having emigrated from the North of Ireland. She was a charming woman of great force of character (born 1815, died 1899). Three other children died in earliest infancy, leaving the first l)orn the onl\- child. His childhood and youth were spent in Athens, covering the lifetime of the Hocking Canal and the construction of the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad, now a part of the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern. In 1890 he was graduated B. A. from the Ohio University; was married to Julia Sophia, second daughter of Mr. Cephas and Maria Hawkes Carpenter of Athens, and entered the Ohio Conference of the Methodist Lpis- copal Church. He was sent as junior preacher to Bainbridge Circuit, in Ross and High- land Counties, a work with nine appointments requiring four w^eeks to make a round. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1131 His salary was $300.00 and no perquisites. Escridge H. Dixon was his senior colleague, a man of commanding native ability, well adapted to give practical training to the young itinerant under his care. The gathering clouds of the Civil War burst in direful storm that year, 1800-18(31. The young preacher was eager to volunteer in the first call for seventy-five thousand men, but, being an only child, restrained his ardor until the need became greater, mean- time actively participating in the work of recruiting. In the fall of 1801 he was appointed to a newly created station in Marietta, Whitney Chapel, where his first sermon was delivered on a national day of fasting and prayer for the preservation of the Cnion. That cause was paramount with all the people. Being on the border line between the North and the South, Marietta was intensely excited. Two regiments, the Sixty-Third and the Seventy-Seventh Infantry were being filled, and the young parson entered heart and soul into the work, under the auspices of the local Military Commission, of which Col. Israel Putnam was the Chairman. His colleague- were, the Hon. George M. Woodbridge and the Hon. Davis Green, the three “stumping” all the region round about. Suddenly, May, 1862, came a call from the Governor for troops to relieve its trained regiments on detached service guarding prisoners, etc., that they might be free to re-enforce the defenders of Washington, then seriously threatened. The Court House bell pealed out the signal of danger, and excited people thronged its walls of justice. As soon as young Aloore entered, he was greeted with the cries of “speech!” “speech!” “Gentlemen,” he said, “I am not here to speak, but to volunteer; if your enlistment jrapers are ready I am ready to sign.” That was the most effective speech possible, and in less than an hour, students from the college and young men from the town and country, following his example, enlisted, until a full company was formefl. The next day the whole city turned out to cheer them as they steamed away up the Muskingum, enroute for Columbus. There they were organized as Company C, Eighty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry; Moore, Captain; Aleshire and Jenkins, students. Lieutenants. But the thought of serving only in Ohio did not suit the officers or men, and forthwith they enlisted for the field and became Company A, Eighty-Seventh Ohio Wlunteer Infantry, Henry B. Banning, Colonel. The regiment was immediately ordered to Baltimore and thence to Harper's F'erry. When its term of three months expired, it unanimously volunteered to stay another month, with the result that they participated in the movements preceding and culminating in the surrender by General Miles to “Stonewall” Jackson. They were immediateh- paroled and slated to fight the Indians in Minnesota. But the latter was countermanded and they were mustered out in Cam]) Delaware, Ohio, but not before a three years' reorganization was projected, with Banning for Colonel and Moore for Lieutenant-C'olonel. The recruiting was difficult, the draft just having been finished. The peace-at-any-price party, led liy such men as Vallandingham, became defiant, and w'as hel])ed by the discouraging state of affairs at the front. Enlistment was rendered well nigh impossible, and the need of re-enforcements led to an order consolidating uncompleted regimental organizations. The Eighty-Seventh was ordered from ('amp Mansfield to join the One-Hundred and Twenty-Fifth in Camp Cleveland. Colonel Opdycke became colonel of the consol- idation; Colonel Banning, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Wood of the One-Hundred and Twenty-Fifth, Major. Lieutenant-C'olonel Moore was urged to accept the Chaplaincy, but having declined that position in the Thirty-Sixth, he was not disposed to accept it here. However, he took the men to Cleveland and spent several weeks with them, helping to make the consolidation pleasant and perfect. He then accepted the position of De])uty Ihiited States Revenue Collector for Monroe County, under his father, who was collector for the district. The threatened opposition to the tax by the “sympathizers” did not materialize, and ha\ing secured a Union Democrat to take his ])lace, the subject of this sketch was free to accept a commission as Major, in the One Hundred and Twenty- Fifth, tendered him by Governor Tod, upon the request of the field and staff of the regiment, then a part of the army in Tennessee. The regiment ha\’ing gone to the field with but eight companies, it was impossible to muster C'olonel Oj)dycke. To raise the two companies needed, proved an almost impossible task. The draft was over, there was no bounty to offer, and the fortunes of war were sadly unfavorable to our army. The opponents of the Government waxed openly seditions, and organized for armed resistence. Vallandingham was their idol, and tho exiled for his treasonable tendencies, was made a candidate for Go\-ernor. It was, therefore, painfully slow work recruiting even two companies. The state was terribh’ rent by the Vallandingham Campaign. A similar condition of affairs prevailed in Indiana, together inducing the dashing Confederate General John Morgan, this brave man, to make his famous raid, the ])urpose l)eing to aid their friends in the pending elections, to rescue and arm the thousands of Confederates imprisoned in Indianapolis and ('olumbus, and triumphantly to join General Lee in his contemplated ad\’ance into Pennsylvania. Recruiting came to a standstill, and Moore lent a hand to the loyal militia in resisting Morgan; was ambushed and captured while on a j)ersonal scout at night, l)ut effected a cle\er e.scape before morning. Morgan's capture and Lee's defeat stimulated volunteering, and Major Moore with the last com])any, reached Chattanooga, directly after the siege, where he found himself promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel and assigned to command of a battalion of con- \ alescents, forming part of a division of convalescents, sent up in escort of the first supply train after the siege of Knox\ ille, for our troops in the French broad country. They repulsed General J. W'heeler at Charleston, Tenn., East of Cleveland, and reached the army at Dandridge. C'olonel Opdycke being on detail work, Moore found himself in command of the One Hundred and Twenty- Fifth, and the next day fought the ad\’ance of Longstreet, from two o'clock until dark. Then came winter quarters at London; then the famous and glorious Atlanta Campaign, “the Ninety Days Fight,” as the Conlederates call it, in much of which he commanded the regiment, which had been dubbed the “Ohio Tigers,” Colonel Opdycke commanding a brigade. He was thrice wounded, but not severely. The excessive labors and exposures of the campaign had undermined his strength, so that when Atlanta fell, from a bed of sickness, which threatened to be fatal, he dictated his resignation. Returning, though greatly enfeebled, he resumed the ministry in his old Conference, serving churches in Columbus, Zanesville and Delaware. Transferred to the Cincinnati Conference, he ser\ed a full term as pastor of Trinity, Cincinnati, and then for five years was president of the Cincinnati Wesleyan College, the Ohio Wes- leyan University, conferring the degree of I). D., and Mt. I nion College that of LL. D. In 1880 he removed to Colorado and organized the Ihiiversity of Denver, of which he remained Chancellor until 1889, when he became pastor at Boulder, C'olorado, and Professor of Political Economy in the State University. During his Chancellorshij) he had thrilling exj)eriences on the cattle ranges of Wyoming, which added little to his financial, but immensely to his physical resource, wonderfulh- re-enforcing his \itality. He had scarcely entered upon his new and dual duties in Boulder, when he was elected to the editorship of the Western Christian Advocate in Cincinnati, made vacant by the death of the lamented Dr. Bayliss. Ik was twice re-elected by the General Conference. He espoused the cause of the ecclesiastical enfranchisement of Methodist women, and was gladdened b>' its triumph in 1900. The General Conference of that year elected him to the episcopacy, gi^■ing him on the final ballot, more than four-fifths of all the votes cast. The University of Denver recognized his j)romotion, conferring the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. For the first time an Episcopal residence was fixed in Shanghai, China. The Boxer outbreak was on, and because of his military and frontier experience, he intimated his willingness to be appointed. He resided for four years in Shanghai, ha\ ing jurisdiction over the work of his church in C'hina, Japan and Korea. He entered Peking during its occupancy by the allies, and had many e.xciting ad\’entures in the interior. Twice he visited Szechuen Province, “negotiating” the world-famed gorges and rapids of the upper Vangtre. Four months of each year he traveled throughout Japan, gix ing two to Korea, six to China. Once he trax’eled o\'er the Trans-Siberian Railwa\’ from Port Arthur 1132 THE BOOK OF OHIO. to St. I’ctcrsljurj^, on liis n't urn to tlie United States. He witnessed the first l)attle in the Russo-Japanese War, a naval contest at Cliemulpo, tlie Russiati lrans[)ort on which hc' had just crossed from Shanghai, being one of the three Russian ships destroyed. I'roni IhOl to lilOS, his ICpiscopal residence was Portland, Oregon, during which time his official duties carried him twice to .Alaska, once to Sandwich Ul.inds and twice to Me.vico. In 11)08 he was transferred to Cincinnati, amid the happy scenes of his earlier \'e,irs. I lis eldest son. Dr. IdicdUm II. Moore, is head of the Mathematical Department of the Chicago University. His second son, William .A. Moore, is of th(> law firm of Cranston, Pitkin and Moore, Denver. Alfred T. Moore is a newspaper man in .\ew ^'ork; while his fourth sou, Julian I lawkes Moore, is a young attorney in Denver. His eldest daughter, Amy, is the wife of Robert |. Pitkin, named al)o\c. His \-ounger, Marion, resides with her parents in Cincinnati. Joseph Moses, Assistant ( leneral Land and Tax Agent of the New York Central Lines, at Cincinnati, Ohio, and one of the most ]X)])ular citizens of the (Jiteen C'ity, was born on the 20th day (jf ( Ictober, IS IO, the son of Simeon and Jane Moses, both natives of England. He receix’ed his education in the [)ublic schools of Cincinnati and at Hughes High School. U])on lea^•ing school he entered u])on his business career. Politically, Mr. Moses is a Democrat, luuing ser\ed his ]>arty in many capacities. He was a member of the Cin- cinnati Board of IMucatirk C'entral Lines. He has rej^resented the Big Four Railroad at the sessions ol the General Asseml)ly of Ohio for the last twenty years, with great credit, and it is needless to say that he has a host of friends all over ()hio, which he considers his principal asset. In August, 1870 he was married to Miss Maria ('raig. F'i\-e daughters and two sons have been the fruit of their union. Mr. Moses is a member ol the Knights of Honor and the Business Men’s Club. He resides at 1828 F'airfax A\enue, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, Ohio. Paul L. Mueller, .Artist, a noted flower |)ainter, who enjoys the reputation of being at the head of his profession in ( )hio in this special line, is a native of Flbing, Germany, where he was born abejut forty-five years ago, the son of Mr. Carl Ludwig Mueller, a retired engineer in the ( '.o\a'rnment ser\ ice. Mr. Alueller recei\t‘d a thorough education at the Fllfing ( '.ymnasium and at the 'Fechnical School of that city, after which he attended the Art Schools at Flbing and Berlin, Germany, having shown a remarkable talent tor painting from hi^ early youth. Later he visited St. Petersburg, Brussels and Munich, where he dexoted sexcral x'ears copying great masters and perfecting himself in his art. Ten yeaix ago, Mr. Mueller came to the United States, and, after having followed his ,irt in Rochesti'i" for m-\ cral months, trax'eled through Peru and Panama for a cou]3le ol / \ears. Returning to llu‘ United States, Mr. Mueller settled in Cincinnati, where he soon / became known a^ one ot the foremost tresco painters and decorators of that city. Mr. / Mueller makes a specialty of figure and flower jxaintings for ])ublic buildings and resi- dences. He has filled many contracts for such work and is al)le to furnish the most beautiful 'ears of age when he was forced to help his mother con- ducting their grocery store. He receix ed his education in the school of life and from books xvhich he studied in his leisure hours. When nineteen years old he asscwlated with his lirother Gottlieb and engaged in the mineral waiter business. Alter a few years they em- barked in the milling business, conducting the same until 1897, xvdien he and his brother started a small brexxery on Plum Street, on the spot xx'here now the immense Lion Brewery is located. A fexv years after, Conrad Windisch became associated with them and founded the firm of C. Windisch, Muhlhauser & Brother. The firm name was changed later on to The W’lndisch-Muhlhauser Brewing Company. In politics, Mr. Aduhlhauser is a Democrat. For several years he rejiresented the old Thirteenth Ward of Cincinnati in the School Board. Mr. Muhlhauser is a public-spirited man, a s])lendid citizen, prominent business man, honorable in all his dealings and of plain and unassuming character. He is a nu'mber of many organizations and xvas one of the Directors of the GoUlen Jubilee Saengerfest, held in (fincinnati, in 1899. I IV. .MUHLH.‘\USER. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1133 Adam Louis Nagel, Vice-President of The Kroger Grocery and Baking Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 6th of March, 1871, at Zweibruecken, Germany, the son of Louis and Kathyrn Nagel, both natives of Germany. The father was killed in the Franco-Prussian War. In 1874, Mrs. Nagel left with her family of five children, the fatherland, and came to the United States, remaining for three months in Philadelphia, after which she settled in Cincinnati, where Adam Louis Nagel received the first rudiments of an education in the public schools, until he was nine years of age, when necessity compelled him to go to work and help to support the family. The boy found a position in the butcher business, working in the Pearl Street Market House. Later he worked at steamboating, in tool works and in a grocery, finally returning to the butcher business, in which he continued for nineteen years. He now is \dce-President of the Kroger Grocery and Baking Company, and General Manager of the enormous meat department of that concern. In politics, Mr. Nagel has socialistic views. In 1904, he was married to Miss Minnie Mantell. He resides at 3821 Hazel Avenue, South Norwood, Ohio. Samuel Nieman, President of the Sun Mutual Insurance Company, of Cincinnati, and prominent in political and busi- ness affairs of the Queen City, was born on the 15th of January, 1844, in Cincinnati. His parents, Herman H. Nieman, a merchant tailor, and Mrs. Mary Louise Ellermann Nieman, were both natixes of Germany. They emigrated to the LLiited States in 1834 and 1835, respectively, and settled in Cincinnati, where Mr. Herman H. Nieman established one of the leading tailor establishments of that city. Mr. Samuel Nieman was educated in the Cincinnati public schools, until he became fifteen years of age, when he entered the grocery business as a clerk, remaining in same for a period of two years. He then learned his father’s trade, and, in 1863, became a partner in his father’s business, under the firm name of H. H. Nieman & Son. In 1877, at his father’s death, Mr. Nieman became sole owner, and the name of the firm was changed into Samuel Nieman. He continued in that business until 1906, when, on account of many other business interests, he was compelled to sell his tailor establishment and devote himself exclusively to the Sun Mutual Insurance Company, of which he has been President for many years. Mr. Nieman is a public-spirited man. He takes great interest in the affairs of his city. He is President of the Appollo Building and Savings Company. Mr. Nieman’s political affiliations have always been with the Republican party, but he is inde- pendent in his views, and bitterly opposed to boss rule. In 1878, he was elected a member of the Board of Aldermen, of Cincinnati, being the only Republican elected in the First District, holding that position for a period of four years. In 1891, he was appointed Police Commissioner of Cincinnati, by Governor McKinley, and under the administration of Mayor Tafel he was a member of the Board of City Affairs. Mr. Nieman is President of the Hamilton County Taxpayers’ Association, and a member of the Stamina Republican League. He also was a member of the Lincoln Club, from the beginning to the end, and of the Roosevelt Republican Club. In 1867 Mr. Nieman was married to Miss Susie Bogen. Four children living are the issue of their union, one son and three daughters. The family reside on Walnut Hills, Cincinnati. Mr. Nie- man’s offices are located in the Home Building of the Sun Mutual Insurance C'ompany, Thirteenth and Bremen Streets, Cincin- nati, Ohio. S. NIEM-XN. Frank X. Owens, Secretary of The Kroger Grocery and Baking Company, Cincinnati, ( )hio, was born on the 17th of June, 1878, at Cincinnati, Ohio. His father, Mr. John L. ( )wens, was engaged in the wholesale dry goods business in that city. Mr. Frank X. Owens was educated in the Cincinnati public schools and at St. Xax’ier’s College, from which institution he graduated in 1897, receiving the degree of A. B. He started in Inisiness life at the age of nineteen years, entering the grocery business of H. H. Gosling, in which he remained for a period of eighteen months. I le then entered the Kroger Company, in the capacity of assistant bookkeeper. He afterwards advanced to the position of bookkeeper, and he now is Secretary of the company. Mr. Owens is a member of the Knights of Colum- l)us, the Alhambra, and of the Hyde Park Business Men’s Club. In 1904, he was married to Miss May Marian Marks. Three children have blessed their union. Mr. Owens resides at Hyde Park. Charles E. Patric, One of the most important manufacturers of Springfield, Ohio, may be rightfully termed the father of those agricultural implements, the Superior Drills, which have carried the name of Springfield all over the civilized world, and there is, perhaps, no place in the United States and Canada, where the products of Mr. Patric’s manufacturing enterprises are not known and in every day use. Air. Patric is a native of Xew A'ork State, of Scotch F. X. OWENS. ancestry, his forefathers hax'ing emigrated to the Xew World and settled in Connecticut about the year 1635. Abel Patric, Air. Chas. E. Patric’s grandfather, was a soldier in the War of the Revolution; his son, Richard F. Patric, was born in Connecticut and removed to New York State, where he became engaged in farming and the lumber business. Air. Chas. E. Patric received his education in the district schools and at the Hornellsville Academy. Upon leaving the Academy, Air. Patric became associated with his brothers, who at that time were engaged in manufacturing and milling interests at Victor, Ontario County, N. Y. Soon aftei, Mr. Patric became interested in the manufacture of grain dis- tributers at Shortsville, N. Y., and in 1865 and 1866 in Alacedon, N. A". In May, 1867, Mr. Patric came to Springfield, Ohio, where he organized a company for the manufacture of the Superior Grain Drill, invented by him, and eleven years later, in 1878, he re- turned to his native state, at Rochester, N. Y., where he invented and patented the wonderful speed changing device for seeding machines, for changing the quantity of seed sown to the acre, embracing thirteen changes of speed, without change of parts, and any one of the changes can be made in five seconds. It is a model of simplicity, and perfectly infalable. Returning to Springfield, in 1883, he organized the Superior Drill Com- THE BOOK OF OHIO. li;34 l)aay, (A wliirh he is slill a stockholder, at whicii time he added the new speed device to the Superior Unll, which greatly enhanced its \ alue and which soon became widely known all o\ er the ci\ ilized world . He has obtained alnnit fifty ])atents on Seeding Machines, the kitest is what is known as the ('ohnnbia Planter, fur the use of the farmer, truckgardener, the nurseryman and the florist. It plants all kinds of seeds, from the \-er\- finest to the largest, in- cluding lima beans and peanuts. It is a \’ery simple de\-ice that will last for \'ears. Both hand and horse power [)lanters are manufactured by d'he ('olumbia 1 Manter ( 'ompany, of Sjiringfield , ( )hio. In politics, Air. Patric is a Re- ])ublican, but taking no actix’e ])art in the aflairs of his party. Me is interested in many indus- trial and financial enteri)rises. Me is X’ice-President of the Foos ( '■as if ngine ( omi)any. President of The Springfield Aletallic ,, , ,, , ■ IHE ••CCILUMBIA Pt.AN'I UR" C asket C oni])any, and I’resi- dcnt and d'reasurer of The Columbia Planter Company. lie was married in January, P.)()7, to Miss Mary jane Yeazie. of Natchez, Miss. Mr. Patric is a .self made man in the l)roadest sense of the word, a s|:)lendid citizen, c t-;. PAiRic, who ahvays has the interesst of his fellow men at heart, kindly l)y nature and public- si)irited. He resides at 1311 Fast High Street, Sijringficld, Ohio. Clarence K. Patton, Sui)erintendent of the .Acorn Alotor Car Company, Cincinnati, ( )hio, w-as born on the 4th of No\'cmber, 1871, the son of David and Alaiw |. Patton, both natixes of ( )hio. 4'he fat her was a |)rominent contractor of the Oueen City. A4r. Patton received his education in the ])ublic schools ol his home city. At the age of twenty years he started in business life as a Ixricklayer, and in 189.5 he became a contractor in brickwork. He remained in that business until 1907, when he connected himself with the antomol)ile industry of Cin- cinnati. He is the originator ol some \ery Ini|)ortant iinentions regarding automobile improvements, ami he is also the inventor of a friction dri\e automobile. In ])olitics, he has alwa\s been a laithtui Re])ublican. Air. Patton has been closely connected with the affairs of the ( )hio National Cuard. He enlisted in 1891 as a Prixale in Battery B, Ohio National Guards, and from that time until ItlOO, xx'hen he xxas commissioned Ca])lain of that organization, he had filled cwery other rank in the liattery. During the Spanish- .Anu'fican War he serx cd as hirst Lieutenant in Troo]) IP, hirst Ohio Volunteer Cax airy. In 1898, Air. Patton was unitefl in marriage to Aliss Caroline C. Gampfer. He resides at 30(10 Paxton Road, Hyde Park, C'incinnati. His ijlace of bitsiness is located at Fifth and Fggleston Axenttes, (.'incinnati, Ohio. William Wirt Peabody. ( )f Aladisonx'ille, Ohio, xvho ditring a long life ol uselulness, was one of the most important factors in the tlevelopments of the Ohio Railroad Sx’stem, was born on the 2(3th of October, 1830, at Gorham, Cumlxerland County, Alaine, and was a son of William H. and Hannah Alarsh Peal)ody. WTll cf|uip|)ed as to education, being a graduate of the Maine State University, in 1854, he started out to make his oxxii xvay in the xx’orld, fortified Ixy good health, good morals and a determination to succeed. He reached Marietta, ()hio, XX hen work xx'as being ]nished in laying out the route of the old Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad, and right there, at the bottom ol the ladder, Ca])tain Peabody began his xery remarkalde railroad career. Prom carrying surx'cyors’ stakes for the engineer xxho xxas laxing otit the route of the railroad, he was advanced to the position of Secretary to the first President of the road, his manner, intelligence and ca|)acity haxing attracted the attention of the late Noah L. Wdlson, with xvhom he remained, in that office, for txx'o years. Successixely promoted, he became Paymaster, Alaster of Transportation and General Sui)erintendent of the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad. His bearing toward others had ever Ixeen so genial and considerate, and he had become so popular, that in 1877, XX hen the general railroad strike tied up the business interests of the country and transportation lines in Cincinnati were prac- ticallx’ closed, the only undisturbed line xxas the one over xvhich Captain Peabody presided. His men loyally remained with him, so great xxais their confidence in his integrity and in the justice of xvhat he demanded of them. He was later made General Stiperintendent of the Ohio and Alississijxpi Railroad; then General Alanager, and finally President, a [xosition he resigned to accept that of General Alanager of the Trans-Ohio Dix'ision of the Baltimore & Ohio System, when Cincinnati lost him, the headquarte s being at Chicago. At a later date, in the reorganization which xvas made by several roads, resulting in the formation of the Baltimore and Ohio Southxvestern Railroad, Captain Peabody accepted the position of Vice-President and General A4anager, and was enthus- iastically xx’elcomed back to Cincinnati. Although noxv deceased, mj name is held in higher regard in railroad circles than that of Captain Peabody. In other lines of actixdty. Captain Peabody xx^as no less prominent. During the Civil Wffir he serx^ed as a member of the One Hundred and Forty-Ninth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and later raised a company xvhich became a part of the Sixty-Fourth Regiment. In cix ic affairs he has also been conspicuous. He serx'ed txvo successix'e terms as President of the Cincinnati ( hamber (;f Commerce; he xvas President of the Board of Alanagers from Ohio, at the Wffirld’s Fair in Chicago; serxed four years as President of the Lincoln Club; xvas for sex'cral years a member of the Cincinnati Exposition Commission and President of the tenth and elex’enth Expositions, and xvas President of the Young Alen’s Mercantile Library Association for a long time. He also xvas a 32nd degree Alason and a Knight Templar. ( )n the 2nd of July, 1891, C'aptain Peabody was married to Sarah FT F'crree, a daughter of Rev. John F'erree, a Alethodist minister of Chillicothe. F'our children xvere born to them, txx'O ot xvhom survix’e, W . W. Peabodx', a New A’ork Ixanker, and Airs. WA A. Hall, of Madisonx'ille. Captain Peabody passed axvay in 1910, at the residence of his daughter, at Aladisonx ille, Ohio. Levi C. Pease THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1135 PEASE. Auditor of the Supreme Executix'e Committee aud Past Supreme Counselor of the Order of United Commercial Travelers, was born on the 8th of June, 1848, at Enfield, Hartford County, Connecticut. He is the son of Dennis and Eliza Pease, nati\'es of Connecticut and Massachusetts, respectively. Mr. Pease was educated in the district schools and at the Connecticut Literar>' Institute, Suffield, Conn. Upon leaving school, Mr. Pease worked as a clerk in a store, later he filled the position of superintendent in a manufac- turing company, and for thirty years he was a “Knight of the Road.” He resides at 1845 Indianola A^•enue, Columbus, Ohio. Air. Pease is one of the founders of the Order of United Commercial Travelers of America, one of the largest beneficial organizations in existence. The Order has been called by some of its enthusiastic admirers “The Commercial Travelers’ Masonry.” This may or may not be a strong phrase. There is dail\' evidence, however, that there exists a strong bond of sympathy and fellow felling among the members of this Older that may be witnessed in the cordial relations between wearers of the button who may perhaps hail from widely separated sections of the country. The conception and birth of the Order were brought about through a meeting of the East and West. Levi C. Pease, who was responsible for the ground plan of organization, came from Connecticut, while John C. Fenimore, to whom was assigned the defining of the duties of the officers and the drafting of the ritual, was born in Indiana and has lived in various parts of the West and South. At one time he was engaged in storekeeping in Louisiana, llpon organization, Charles Benton Elagg became the Supreme Secretary of the order, and lent valuable assistance in working out the clerical details at this period. Indeed, the development of the order in its early days was largely due to the indefatigable work of the First Supreme Secretary. The plan of a secret socirty among commercial travelers without benefits had been tried with indifferent success. Exclusively beneficial organizations for commercial travelers had, some of them, grown up, flourished and decayed. Successors to these, irrofiting by the sad experience of those gone before, appeared to be occupying the field to the exclusion of all new comers of whatever kind of character. The prospect was not particularly flattering. The Lbiited Commercial Travelers idea was something along the middle ground between the stricth' fraternal orders and the strictly beneficial associations. The scheme was not quickly grasped by those to whom it was unfolded, because it seemed to possess no new features, and yet, it was entirely new; so new that it was necessary to blaze a trail all the way. It was here that the com- bined elements of character possessed by the pioneers in the movement came in for a rare trial of conclusions with the hard conditions presented. Fortunately, the founders and First Supreme Secretary, possessed in composite, the qualities of intelligent persistence, brilliant leadership, singleness of purpose, tact, e.xecuti\e ability, earnestness, sincerity, optimism, far-sightedness, confidence, resource, tireless energy, good fellowship and supreme patience; all these, in the degree necessary to the accomplishment of the giant task to which they had set themselves. A weakness at any of the abo\'e points would ha^■e meant failure. Consciously or unconsciouslv, the plan evolved by them was destined for a large development. It was a wide and nationalized movement from the start; it was not to lie confined to any single section or grand division of the country; it was purposed that Eastern thrift and Southern chivalry should join with Northern steadfastness and Western energy in a concert of sympathetic co-operation. Of the eight men associated as incorporators, L. C. Pease, J. C. Fenimore, C. B. Flagg, F. A. Sells, John Dickey, S. H. Strayer, W. E. Carpenter and C. S. Ammel, no two represented the same line of trade, and all of them were recognized as leaders in their particular field of salesmanship. And, what is more to the point, all of the founders and incorporators who are still li\'ing are today active and vitally interested in all that pertains to the Order’s welfare, thus showing the unselfish zeal that has prompted them from the beginning. All this is a conclusive proof that the Order of United Travelers of America was not a thing of accidental or freakish conception or grow'th. The foundation was laid broad and deep, and the superstructure has been reared with grade and symmetry and has grown in prestige and solidity with the passing years. The plan of organization of the Order of Ihiited Commercial Travelers of America conforms closely to the usages of the standard secret and fraternal bodies. The basis of the plan is the Subordinate Council which may now' be found in all the principal commercial centers of the leading states of the union, with several flourishing bodies across the border in Canada. It is in the Subordinate Councils that the degree of the order is e.xemplified, no further degrees being required for ad\'ancement into the two higher bodies of the Order. Good standing in the Subordinate Council, however, is made a condition to a voice and vote in the higher bodies. The Order was fortunate in having as one of its founders a ritualist of marked ability. The result of John Cooper Fenimorc’s labors w'as a ritual which is a pleasing surprise to the no\’itiate, without any of the oft-expected burlesciue features and entirely free from vulgar or objectionable elements. Building about the Order’s tenets of Unity, Charity and Temperance, the ritualist has evolved an initiatory ceremony that is capable of a beautiful and an impressive e.xemplification, strongly imbued with ele\'ating lessons and thoroughly in keeping with the Order’s character, aims and purposes. The Grand Councils, to which all Subordinate Councils are attached, with the e.xception of those in detached and scattered territory, are twenty five in number. Meetings of these bodies are held once a year at some city in the jurisdiction, chosen by the Council in session. The Grand Council is made up of representatives from all of the Subordinate Councils in the jurisdiction. Five contiguous Subordinate Councils, by their representatives, may organize a Grand Council; but no less than three Subordinate Councils can maintain one. Grand Councils fix their own basis of representation, and exercise the greatest freedom in the handling of their local and jurisdictional aft'airs. Only Senior Counselors, Past Counselors or Past Senior Counselors are qualified as represen- tatives to a Grand Council. The Grand Councils are the educational department of the Order. It is from them that a constant stream of information goes out to the members; and from this source, too, is conducted the business of investigating grievances which members may have against hotel or transportation companies. Alany Grand Councils, in addition to this, conduct an information bureau, through which members of the Order are brought into touch with the employers of traveling salesmen, and assistance is gi\'en members in securing favorable positions. The Supreme Council is made up of representatives of each of the Grand Councils on the basis of one for ever\- five hundred Subordinate members, or fraction, embraced within the Grand Jurisdiction. The meetings of the Supreme Council are held annually, opening in the last week in June, at the Supreme Headquarters of the Order, in Columbus, Ohio. Grand Counselors, Grand Past Counselors or Past Grand Counselors, are all that are eligible as rcpresentati\ es to the Supreme Council. The Supreme Council is the national law-making body of the Order. Its sessions are in the nature of the annual meetings of a corporation. 1 130 THE BOOK OF OHIO. As avowed h\- the articles of incorporation, issued under the general corj)oration laws of Ohio, January 16th, 1888, “The Order of I'nited Ooniinercial Tra\elers of America, is organizetl for the puri)ose of (1) To unite fraternally all Commercial Travelers of good nu>ral character. (2) 'I'o gi\e all moral and material aid in its power to its members and those dependent upon them; also to assist the widows and orphans of deceased members. (3) To establish an indemnity futKl to indemnify its members for total dis- abilit\' or detuh resulting from accidental means. (4) To secure frotn all transportation companies and hotels, just and equitable favors for Commercial 'brawders as a class. (5) d'o ele\-ate the moral and social standing of its members. 'I'he headciuarters of the Order of ITnited Commercial Travelers of America are at Colutnbus, Ohio, where they occupy a splen- did btiilding on the corner of I’ark and Rtissell Streets. Mr. Pease’s offices are located in that building. Mr. Pease served for two terms as Inqterial of the “Ancient Mystic Order of Bagmen.’’ F. L. PFAt-F. Frank Pfaff, ■\ ])rominent business man of Cincinnati, Ohio, and well known in Democratic politics, was born on the 14th of Se])tember, 1858, at Madison, Dane County, Wisconsin. His |)arents, h'. A. Pfaff and Theresa Litckert Pfaff, were nati^"es of Hessen and Hannover, respectively, and had emigrated tlumbing business. Mr. Reynolds has been ])rominently connected with the Ohio National Guards. During the W ar with Spain he ser\ed as hirst Lieutenant and Captain in the h'ourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and saw acli\e dnt\’ in Porto Rico. At i)resent he is on the retired list with the rank of Major. 1 h' is a member of Columbus Camp No. 40, United Spanish War Veterans. In politics, Mr. Re\ nolds is a Rei)ublican. I le is President of the C ity Bcjard of Plumbing Examiners, Columbus, Ohio. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic Eraternity; a Knight Templar and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine, and a Knight of Pythias. On the 2Gth of August, 1S0(), he was married to Miss Debora Morgan. Eour children ha\'e blessed their union: Mary, David, William and Debora. The family attend Broad Street Presbyterian ( hurch. Mr. Reynolds resides at 122 Sherman .^\emie, Columbus, Ohio. His offices are located at oG Parsons Axenue, that city. Charles C. Richardson, ( )ne <)1 the substantial business men ol Hamilton County, Ohio, and President of the Richartlson Paper Com])any, Lockland, Ohio, was born on the 2Gth of April, 18G3, at Cincinnati, the son of James C'. and Adelheid Richardson, natives of Pennsylxania and ()hio, respectix’ely. The father was a prominent paper manufacturer. Mr. C. C. Richardson was educated in the public schools of Hamilton County and at Wdlliams College', Willi. unstown, M.iss., Irom which latter institution he graduated in 1884. He then dex'oted himself to the study of law, .md, in 1SS.'>, was admitted to the bar before the Su|)reme Court of Ohio. He followed the practice of his chosen profession for a while, but then entered the i).iper business of his father. He now is, as above stated. President of The Richardson Paper Company, l.ockkmd, and als(j is one ol the Directors of the Eirst National Bank, Lockland. Mr. Richardson is one of the important factors in Re])ul)lic.m jxilitics in Hamilton ('ounty, and he has serxed his party in many ca])acities. In 189G he xx’as elected a member of the loxver house of tlu- Ohio Legislature, serxing one term. Txxaj years later, in 18G8, he xvas elected County Commissioner of Hamilton County. He serxa'd the peo])le so well and paid so strict attention to the business of his office, that, in 1901, he xvas re-elected to the same |)()sition lor a se('ond term. Again, in 1904, he xvas betore the people as a candidate for County Auditor, and in Nox.'ember of that x'ear he xvas trium|)hantly elected to that office. He serxed until 1904, xvhen, at the e.xpiration of his term of office, he retired to i)ri\ate life. Mr. Ri<4iardson is a prominent member of the Cincinnati Blaine did); he is a Mason of high standing (32nd degree), .md a .Noble of the Mx'stic Shrine. He also holds membership in the Cincinnati Business Men’s Club and in the Queen Cdty Club. In LS.SI) he xvas married to Miss Gertrude Galt. One boy and one daughter have been born to them. Mr. Richardson resides at ( .leiidale, a beautilul suburb ol Cincinnati. His paper xvorks are located at Lockland. John Charles Riley, Ixx-Postmaster of Cincinnati, ( )hio, and one of the prominent citizens and ])olitical lac- tor^ ol the (Juei'ii ('itx', xvas born on the Lath ol September, 1843, in Madison, Indiana. His i)arenls xvere Hugh and Anna (McDonough) Riley, natixes of Ireland, xvho came to America in 1832, settled in Nexv York and afterwards moxed to Madison, Indiana. In LS44 the lamilx’ remox'ed to C'incinnati, xvhere, four years later, the father died, the mother surxixing him thirteen years. They xxere Roman Catholics, the son, John C. Rilex’, xvas also baptized in that faith, Ixut his education in the affairs of the xvorld made him xerx' liberal in his religious viexvs. Mr. Riley xvas educated in the Cincinnati pulxlic schools. I he death ol his lather, early threxv him upon his oxvn resources, and, at thi‘ age ol hlteen, he began his business career as an errand boy. The boy, howexer, xvas .imbitious and learned bookkeejiing in Bartlett’s Commercial College. Thus better eipiipped, he secured a clerkship in a ('incinnati xvholesale hat house and from there xvent as bookkeeper to the firm ol Broxvn N Vallette, ol xvhich he later became a partner under the hrm name ol J. D. Broxvn N Company. In 18G.7 he sold this interest and became associated xxith j\b Henry N Carson, this co-partnership dissolving in 1870, xvhen Mr. Rilex' became a member of the firm of Carson N Company. There he remained until lS7a, xxhen he again became associated xvith McHenry & Companx'. In 188G he was ajxpointed Postmaster ol ( incinnati by President ( lex’eland. His administration of th.e affairs of this office xvas businesslike and aboxe apjiroach. Mr. Riley is a staunch Democrat and has rendered his party valuable serv ices. He serx’ed for two years in the ( incinnati ( itx’ C ouncil, and lor three years he xvas a member of the Board of Aldermen. (In the 30th of May, 18G4, Mr. Riley xvas married to Miss Emma N. Baker. Txvo chil- dren xvere liorn to them. I he family reside on Purcell Avenue, Price Hill. A4r. Riley has held many positions of honor and has been proffered more. Judges Talt and Sage api)ointed him United States Jury Commissioner for the Western Dixision of the Southern District of Ohio during their administration. On the 8th of March, 1893, he xvas offered the position of (diief Clerk ol the Wkir De])artment through Senator Calxin S. Brice, and on April 3rd, 1893, he xvas tendered the position of 4'hird Auditor of the Treasury Departmeiu bx President Cleveland. Both of these honorable positions he declined, preferring to lix'O in ('incinnati, among his friemls. He died in 1911. A. W. Ri;VN01.DS, THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1139 Wesley C. Rippey, A well known business man of Cincinnati, Ohio, and Agent of the Longworth Estate, that city, was born on the 14th of September, 18(31, in Carlyle, Ills. His parents, Wesley C. Rippey and Caroline Weeks Rippey, rvere nati\’es of Ohi married to Mi>^ .\nna \ . <) Leary, ot St. Louis, Mo. I hree daughter^ haw been born to them; .Maritn Helen and I'rances. Mr. Ryan resides .It ll().-)Last Mc.Millan St reel , Cincinn.iti, ( )hio. His olhces are located at hba \’ine Street, that cil\-. Colonel A. C. Sunils, Oece.ised, who during a long life of usefulness was one ot the most prominent men ot ( )hio, a m.in who helped to shaiie the destinies of the state, was born in Fdmira, New York, on the 1 7t h of M.i\', ISaa. 1 le c.ime to ( )hio at the age of twenty-one, with his father and two brotlu'fs, to build on conlr.ict, a jiortion ol the Scioto N I locking Valley Railroad, running from PorlMnouth to Newark. He made his ])ennaneiit home, together with his famiK’, in Logan, Hocking Count\', and here resided from lS.a4 until 18()1, when he c.une to ( 'incinn.iti. Polilic.ilK’, Mr. Sands was, in early life, a free .soil Democrat, and m.iint.iined hi^ .dlegi.mce to that jiarty tip to the meeting of the National Democratic ( 'oiu'ent ion in Cincinn.iti, in bS.iC). Ardently devoted to the cause ot Senator Douglass, and alarmed at the domination of the slave- holding South o\-er the |).irl\', the action ot the t on\'ention in ignoring Douglass’ pre-eminent claims, and in nominating Buchanan, coiuinced Mr. Sands th.it .i conllict must soon ensue between the North and the South. Determined tc.) be found on the side of the I'nion, he c.ist his lortunes with the young Republican party just coming to the trout under Fremont. While at Logan, Mr. Sands had been .ippointed Suiierintendeiil of the Muskingum im|)rovement, under the direction of the Board of Ihiblic Works. In 1860 he w.i> chosen a di’legate Irom the F.le\'enth ( ongressional District to the National Republican ('onvention which nominated Lincoln. In 1.S61 he was ,ii)|)oinled b\' President Lincoln, I nited States Marshal for the Southern District of Ohio, and removed to Cincinnati to accept the appoint numt , resigning his su|)erintendency on the Public Works. He served lour years as Marshal, and was reajt- pointed by President Lincoln .ind conhrmed by the Senate. I'he advent and pectiliar course of President Andrew^ Johnson, how'ever, brought him into open conflict with the administration. Strenuous eltorts were being made at that time to secure the support of the office holders for the new order ol things, and Postmaster Ceneral Randall, as President of the so-called Ihiion Clufj, addressed to them a circnl.ir .i>king their continued suiiport of the administration. Mr. Sands replied in a letter, expressing very ^'igorous, disapproba- tion of the President’s course, which got into jirint and was widely circulated. His dismissal from office was the expected and ii.it iir.il result. Since then, until the time ol his death, on the 17th of November, 1895, Mr. Sands had been engaged in various connnerci.il |)ursuits. He w.is lor some time President of the Second National Bank of Hamilton; he was connected with the Cin- cinn.iti “'Fimes” lor .i period of many years, and also was lor a few terms. President of the Cincinnati Board of Education. Colonel S.ind> enjo\ed the friendship of many men ot national rei)ittation. He was the friend of President Lincoln, of President Hayes, of Lnited States Sen.itor Benjamin V. Wade and of many others. J. J. RYAN. Erasmus D. Sawyer, r. O SAWI liR. I'ormer Superintendent of the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ (Jrphans Home, Xenia, Ohio, was liorn January 18th, 1848, at Brimfield, Portage Cotmty, Ohio. His father, a native of Massachusetts, ot English ancestry, was a cooper by trade and died when his son Erasmus D. was still an infant. Mr. Sawyer’s mother, Sarah Boosinger Sawyer, was born in PennsyK’ania, and of Cermait descent. Mr. Sawyer was educated in the common schools and at the high school in his native county. When he had taken one term in the latter school, the Ci\il War broke out, and, in November, 1861, young Sawyer run away and joined the Union Army, enlisting in the Forty-Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, of which the later President, James A. Garfield, was then Colonel. During the following three years, Mr. Sawyer served as a private and non-commissioned officer, taking part in all the battles and skirmishes his regiment was engaged in, at Middle Creek, Ky., Chickasaw Bluff, Cumberland Gap, Ky., Fort Hyndman, 'Fhomi^son’s Ilill, Jackson, Miss., Cham- pion Hills and the Siege of Vicksburg. He was honorably discharged on the 19th ol Novemlier, 1864. lipon his return from the war, Mr. Sawyer tor two years worked in a store at Brimfield, then mo\’ing to Cleveland, Ohio, where for the next twenty-two years he was engaged in the shoe business. He then entered the iiu’estment business, making his specialty' mining iinestments in Mexico, Alaska and the W’estern States. In politics, Mr. Sawyer has alway's been a faithful Democrat and he has ser\x‘d his party' in many capacities. In 1876 he was elected a member of the Cleveland City' Council, ser\ ing one term in that body. He was elected Sheriff of Cuyahoga County, in 1882, and after having ser\’ed one term, was, in 1884, defeated for a second term, but, in 1886 ami again in 1888, he was triumphantly' elected to two more terms as Sheriff. In 1890 and 1891 he filled the office of Deputy State Oil Inspector. He was ap])ointed Su]x*rintendent of the above named Institution by Governor Harmon, in 1909. Socially', Mr. Sawyer is a memlier of the THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1143 Grand Army Republic, the Elks and (he Masonic Fraternity. In 18(i5 he was married to Miss Mar\- J. Kelso, who died in 1908. During his incumbency in office, Mr. Sawyer resided at Xenia. His home is in Cleveland, Ohio. Adam Schantz, One of the leading l)usiness men of Dayton, Ohio, and President of the Dayton Breweries Company, was born on the Kith of Decem- ber, 1807, in Dayton. His father, Adam Schantz, was a native of Darmstadt, Germany, and emigrated to the United States in 1802, settling in Dayton, Ohio, where he became engaged in the pork packing business, later establishing the big brewery which bears his name. Mr. Schantz's iu(;ther, Mrs. Salome Latin Schantz, was born in Br(X)k\ille, Ind. Mr. Adam Schantz attended the public schools of his native city until he became twelve years of age, when he entered his father’s pork packing establishment. Some years after he attended a Commercial College, preparing himself for a business career. In 1881 he became connected with the Schantz Brewing Company. He now is President of the Dayton Breweries Company, E.xecutor and 'hrustee of the Estate of Adam Schantz; President of The Dayton Street Railway Company: President of The Dayton Citizens Electric Company: President of The Edgmont Realty C’ompany and President of The Buckeye Bukling and Loan Association. For two terms he has been President of The Ohio Brewers’ Association. He is independent in politics. Socially, he is a member of the Elks, flolden Eagle and K. of P. On the 1st of January, 1901, Mr. Schantz was married to Miss Mary Eve. They reside at Oakwood, near Dayton, Ohio. Arnold A. Schantz, General Manager of The Detroit & (develand Navigation Company, Detroit, Mich., was born in Galion, Crawford County, Ohio, on the lOlh of April, 1801, a son of John and Barbara A. Buckingham Schantz, the former of whom was Iwrii in Lingerfelt, Bavaria, Germany, the latter in Ohio, a representati\'e of one of the old and honored families of the Buckeye State. John Schantz took up his residence in Mansfield, Ohio, about 1864, and became (me of the leading merchants and influential citizens of that place, where he was also for many years, manager and one of the proprietcjrs of the Miller ( )jtera House. He is still living, his wile died in 19U2. Mr. A. A. Schantz was about three years of age at the time the family removed to Mansfield. He obtained his early education in the common schools of that place and later at the Mansfield High School. At the age of fourteen years he started his career as Mansfield Agent of the Cincinnati papers, and from there hekl a position as Clerk in a general store. At the age of sixteen years, he secured a position as General Delivery Clerk in the Mansfield . Postoffice, and one year later was promoted to the office of Superintendent of Carriers. In 1880 he secured the local agency of the Detroit X Cleveland Na\ igation Company, and during his vacatiem he organ- ized a jtarty and conducted an excursion over the lines of the Detroit X Cleteland Navigation Company to Mackinac and the following } ear secured a larger party for the same trip. So marked was his success in this direction that the officials of the line, in 1881, tendered him the ]tosition of Traveling Passenger Agent, which he accepted. Appreciation of his efforts were not denied and he won rapid promotions as follows: A. A. SCHANTZ. 1884, General \\Tstern Traveling Agent; 1891, Assistant General Passenger Agent; 1892, General Passenger Agent; 1902, General Superintendent X Passenger Traffic Manager, and member of Board of Directors, and in 1907 he was elected General Manager. He also is one of the Directors of The White Star Line, and a Director of the Detroit Creamery Companj’. He is also a valued member of the Great Lakes X St. Lawrence River Association of wdtich he sert’ed as President in 1889. He is a member of the Executit'e Ccmuuittee in the Passenger Associa- tion of the United States of which he was President in 1901-1902-1903, also a member of the American Association of General Passenger and Ticket Agents and of the Executi\'e Committee of the Association of the Passenger Steamboat Lines. The following is a record of his social and semi-business associations in Detroit: Member of the Detroit Club; Detroit Yacht Club: lile member of the Fellow- craft Club; Detroit Golf Club; Aero Club of Michigan; Detroit Light Guard; Ex-President of the Ohio Society: Transportati(jn Club, of which he was President the first two terms of its existence; Detroit Board of Commerce and Commercial League: Director in the Newsboys’ Association; member of Detroit Lodge No. 34, B. (). P. FL; of the Masonic Fraternity; Palestine Blue Lodge, King Cyrus Chapter, R. A. M., Detroit Ncj. 1, Knight Templars: 32nd degree Mason; Moslem Temple; Mystic Shrine, and on the loth of September, 1908, he attained the thirty-third and su]treme degree In Scottish Rite Masonry. GEO. SCH.VNTZ. George Schantz, Vice-President of The Dayton Breweries Company and President of The Schantz X Schwind Brewing Comitany; President of the Gem City Realty Company, and Director of The F'irst Savings and Banking Company, and one ol the most prominent business men of Dayton, Ohio, is a native of Hessen-Darmstadt, Germany, where he was liorn on the 8th of April, 1851, the son of F'riedrich Schantz, a miller, baker and peasant. He received his early education in the schools of the fatherland. When sixteen years of age he emigrated to the LInited States and came to Dayton, Ohio, finding employment in the Schwind Brewery. Here he remained for a period of nine years, ser\ing three years as laborer and six years as foreman. In 1881, he, with his brother Adam Schantz, founded the Schantz Brewery, which in the course of time became a prominent factor in the business interests of Dayton. Mr. George Schantz looked alter the practical part of the business, and under his management the products of the firm became famous. Politically, he is an adherent of the Democratic faith. He was married to Miss Tilh' Rehfuss, of Green\ ille, Ohio. They reside at Dayton View, Dayton, Ohio. Paul Schob, A well known music engraver and printer at Cincinnati, Ohio, is a nati\'c of Zeitz, Great Duchy Saxony Meiningen, Germany, and was born on the 18th of January, 1868. He is the son of Hermann Schol), who was a well known and itrosperous innkeeper in the aben'e 1144 THE BOOK OF OFIIO. nicntioiK-d city. At the age of thirteen years, Mr. Schob was apprenticed to a music engra\'er, wlu-re tlie boy learned tlie business in rxliieh in after \'ears he lias become \er> successful. In ISSh, .\Ir. Schob left the latlu'rhmd and emigrated to the United States, taking up the business of music engraver in Cincinnati. Thanks to his aliility and exec- uti\c- talent, he now enjo\s the distinction of ha\'ing the hugest business in his line in the United Stales ,md Can.ida, and from his place ol business, located on the corner ot h.lm ,md Fifth StreiUs, millions of sheet musi(' are distributed to all jiarts of this and other countries. .Mr. Schob i> a member of the following societies and orders, in which he is immenseh- popuhir: M.isonic h'r.iternity ; Cincinnati Liederkranz; North Cincinnati Turm-erin: Idks and the X'ohmteer Bowling and Minstrel Cluli. In bSbd Mr. Schob uas united in marriage to Mi^^ Uaiir.i Motzkus. A \isit to the establishment conducted by Ml’. Schob will well repay aiu'one interesti'd in his line of work. r. o. sc I K nuiiNc.i-.R, of Ulks; the Knights ol Pythias, etc. inger, I Ih and 14S South 'I'liird Strec't, Mr. Frank (). Schoedinger, A leading business man of Columbus, ( )hio, was born in that city on the 7th ot Se])tember, bS72. He is of (ferman an- cestry. Mis father, Philip J. Schoed- inger, haxing been born in ('■ermany in 1S2.7. When only si.x years of age, he came with his iiarents to the United States, the family establishing their home paul schob. in Columbus. For many years Mr. Phili]) J. Schoedinger was engaged in the undertaking business in Columlius. He died in bSSO. Mr. Frank (). Schoedinger's mother, Caroline Fleverly Schoedinger, was a native of Bucyrus, Ohio. Air. F'rank A. Schoedinger was educated in the Columlnis ])ul)lic schools and high schools. In Septemlier, 1890, he entered ui)on his business career, in connection with the sto\e, house furnishings and roofing Vutsiness. A few years afterward, in 189a, he entered into partnership with William A. Fearn and J. R. Dickson. Mr. Schoedinger is a gentleman of great business ability, of good common sense and marked executi\e talent. F'or two terms he was President ot the Builders’ and Traders’ Fxchange, and for one term President ot the Columbus Board of Irade. He is a Director of the C'olumbus Bank of Commerce. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic Fraternity; a Knight Templar and Scottish Rite Mason. He also belongs to the Columbus Club; the Arlington Countiw' Clul); the Benevolent and Protective Order Schoedinger at ju'esent is doing business for himselt under the firm name of F. O. Schoed- Columbiis, ()hio, manufacturer of metal window frames, sashes, steel ceilings, etc. Robert I). vSchultz, Di-cc'ased, who during a life ot usetulness was a ])rominent citizen and business man of Zanesville, Ohio, w-as born on the 7th of Jan- uaiw, 1829, at Zanesxille, the son ol William and Fxelina Darlington Schultz. He was reared and educated in his native city. In hi^ x’oung manhood he was employed as clerk on the Aluskingum Steamers, comnianded by his uncles, James and Harvey Darlington, and later entered the soap tactory which his father had o]X‘rated since 1853, and learned the art which made him w’ealthy. In 186(), he and John 1 loge |)urchased the xx'orks from William Schultz, and the skill and industry ot Schultz and the keen l)usiness acumen of Hoge de\’eloi)etl the small soap works ol IStKi into one ol the most jrrominent and profitable industries of the country, the name of Schultz N Comp,m\’ being known throughout the land wdierever soap was used. When Mr. Schultz had ceased the manual occupation of the business he cdw.ix's gave his occupation as “.soap boiler,’’ and w'as ])roitd of his skill and knowledge as such. Mr. Schultz wms .unong the most attentixe and ituhtstrimis xvorkmen in the factory until the construction of the Opera Block was commenced, xvhen he became sui)erinlendent ot that xvork and that he might be ubiquitous and xvatch the building and the factory he had the first teli'phone line in Zanesxille l)uilt betxveeti the Opera Block and the factory in South Seventh Street. The half scpiare of buildings known .is the Ojiera Bloi'k, including Oold and C'horal Halls and the Ojiera House were all erected under Mr. Schultz’s jiersonal obser- xation ,ind the model theatre of thirty years ago xvas his passion and xvas conducted by him for a number of years. It was his almost sole dixersion, and its rules hax'e become standard throughout the country. Mr. Schultz xvas modest, unpretentious, unos- teiu.itious and popuhir, and prosperity did not change “Bob” into “Air.” Schultz xvith those he xvas familiar as a “soap boiler.’’ Neither xvas he undignified or unmindful of his rights and position as a successful, energetic business man. He xvas entirely self made, honest, generous, a true friend and unix'ersally respected and loveil. In 18()5 he xvas married to Sarah Van Horne, daughter of Bernard \'an Horne, by xvhom he had txvo soiis, Bernard Van Horne and Wdliiam Darlington Schultz. Upon the death of his wife he made his home xvith his mother. In Iraternity circles he xvas a K. of P., Fdk, and Mason in all grades ot the American and Scottish Rites, including the Shrine, and tor many years he xvas Treasurer of the local commandery. Mr. Schultz w'as a large holder of real estate and xvas Interested in many Zanesxdlle business enterprises. At his death, xvhich occured on the 14th of October, 1899, he xvas \’ice-President and C'hairman of the F'inance C'ommittee of the First National Bank of Zanesville, Vice-President of the Zanes- x'ille Flectric Fight Company, and Director of the Brown Alanufacturing Company, In politics, he was a Democrat, but that fact made little difference xvith Republican x’otes, xvho xvere alxvays ready to serx^e “Bob” Schultz, and he served the city faithfully and satis- factorily in both the Board of Trustees of the Watcrxvorks and the ('ity Council. He w-as one of the several councilmen xvho brax'ed so-called po]ndar sentiment and x'oted against the temperance crusaders in 1874, because he beliex'ed the mox’ement ineffectual and Ill-adx ised. W hen he died the xvhole city mourned for him. Peter Schwab, ( )ne of the jxrincipal business men of Butler County, Ohio, and President of the Cincinnati Brewing Company, of Hamilton, is a natix’e ot Bax'aria, in xvhich country he first saxv the light of day on the 27th of May, 1838. Fie emigrated to the United States in 1859, landing in Xexv Orleans, coming to Cincinnati by rix'er, then to Hamilton by Canal. He located at Hamilton and has lived THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1145 there ever since. Learning the trade of cooper, Mr. Schwab was engaged in his vocation for a number of vears. In ISOo he, in partnership with Jas. Litton and Henry Schlosser, organized the commission firm of Peter Schwab & Co., at Cincinnati, which con- tinued until 1866. In 1868, in partnership with General Ferd. Van Derveer and Herman Reutti, bought the Johh W. Sohn Brewery. I wo years later he withdrew from the business, but in 1874 he purchased the brewery from \Gn Derveer and Reutti, becoming the sole owner. The capacity of the plant was only small in the beginning, consisting of but fifty barrels a dav, but still the brewery was too large for Hamilton. He had to struggle hard to make both ends meet, but Mr. Schwab stuck it out. In 1875 the business was incorporated under the name Cincinnati Brewing Company; in 1890, an artificial ice plant was added to the brewer\’, and under the careful supervision of Mr. Schwab the business grew until now it is one of the most important industries of the hustling city of Ham- ilton. Mr. Schwab is also interested in numerous other enterprises in Butler County. He has been a Democrat since he became (jf age. He has been very acti^•e in politics and his influence has been felt in National, State and County politics. For twelve years he has been a member of the Hamilton Board of Education. He also served as a member of the Sewer and Paving Commission of Hamilton. Mr. Schwab resides at Hamilton, Ohio. A. H. SWART Albert Henry Swartz, W'as born at North Berne, Fairfield County, Ohio, September 22nd, 1860. His father, Fli Swartz, was a farmer and enlisted as a volunteer in the Forty-Si.xth Ohio Volunteer Infantry for the War of the Rebellion. Eli Swartz was killed at the battle of Shihdr, April 6th, 1862. Eli was a son of Henry Schwartz (original spelling) who was one of the pioneers of now Berne Township, Fairfield County, and came from near Lancaster, Pa. Schwartz’s old grist mill, built in the early days on the Rush Creek near Sugar Grove, still stands, and at last reports was still doing business. It is one of the early "land marks” built by the Schwartz family. Elizabeth A., was the wife of Eli Swartz, and still living (1908), and was a daughter of Samuel Jackson. Samuel Jackson came from Virginia in early youth, and was for several years an educator in the early school system of Ohio. He was a farmer by \x)cation. Mr. Jackson was identified with all public movements in the interest of Fairfield County's early history, and was frequently honored by public office by its citizens. A. H. Swarts at the age of twelve years was thrown on his own resources, and together with his. brother, the late Hon. Samuel J. Swartz, Ex-Mayor of Columbus, Ohio, supported his widowed mother and family. His education was recei\’ed from the district schools of the country. When eighteen he was in the grocerv business at Dela- ware, and a year later with a wholesale house in Columbus. In his twentieth year he became a stock clerk with the Columljus Buggy Co., of Columbus. In this great indus- trial institution, the greatest of its kind, he steadily worked his way upward to the jiosition of stockkeeper and Assistant Contracting Agent, which he resigned in 1899. Mr. Swartz became the Supreme Treasurer of The Fraternal Mystic Circle, January 1st, 1900, a Fraternal Beneficial Society of National standing, whose headquarters are in Philadelphia, but an original Ohio Societv. In this position he received and paid out more than eight millions of dollars, and his books and accounts balanced to a cent, without loss, when he resigned in 19U7, to accept the position offered him as Assistant to the President of the same corporation. Mr. Swartz never would accept a nomination for a political office, although often requested to by his friends. His preference always being for a commercial life. While a resident of Columbus he always took an actix'e interest in politics and ser\-ed for many years on the Republican County E.xecutive Committee. And it was through the untiring hard work of this Committee that Frank- lin County and the City of Columbus was safely anchored in the Republican column. Mr. Swartz ga\’e to each camj^aign his earnest thought and attention, and his judgment and execution of plans was a large lactor in Republican success. He married Miss Ida M. Weadon, a daughter of Fred Weadon, of Columlms, Ohio, in 1887, and removed to Philadelphia, Pa., in 190U, where he still lives and is engaged in business. Mr. Swartz has always been interested in the lodge and belongs to many of the leading secret societies. M’as for eight years identified with the Ohio National Guard and a member of the old Fourteenth Regiment (now known as the Fourth). In 1898 he helped to raise a regiment for the Spanish-American War, which was entirely composed of men whose fathers fought in the War of 1861, Sons of Veterans Regiment. Owing to the early termination of this war the regiment was never called into service. Governor Bushnell had already exjrrcssed his intention of calling the regiment into service and to commission Mr. Swartz as Major of the same, an honor which was not only acceptable but agreeable. Samuel J. Swartz, Deceased, a brother of Mr. Albert Henry Swartz, was during a life of usefulness, one of the leading members of the Franklin County Bar. He was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, in the year of 1859. He received a thorough education in the schools of his native county, after which he entered Fairfield Union Academy, at Pleasantville, Ohio, and finally attended Wesleyan Universitv, Dela- ware, Ohio, from which institution he graduated in 1881. His first business experience was a traveling salesman, and he continued a "knight of the road” for a period of five years, when he began the reading of the law, and was duly admitted a member of the Franklin County Bar by the Supreme Court of Ohio, in 1888, at once beginning the practice of his chosen profession. His ability in legal matters soon gained him a large clientele. Early in 1897, Mr. Swartz was appointed Police Judge by Governor Bushnell, a \-acancy having occurred, and in April of the same year he was regularly elected to the same position which he filled with great ability, being the only Republican elected on the city ticket. Two years later Mr. Swartz was elected to the honorable office of Mayor of the city of Columbus. He had the distinction of being chosen the first Mayor on the Republican ticket within twelve years. His adminis- tration was clean, upright and ^■oid of partisianship, and the government of the Capital City was conducted upon an economical, safe basis and thoroughly commendable principles. After the expiration of his term of office. Mayor Swartz resumed his private practice, in which he was engaged until the time of his death. He was a lawyer of noted ability and good judgment, honest and up- right in all his dealings and respected by all who came in contact with him. Nathan Bay Scott, United States Senator from West Virginia, is a native Ohioan, born in Guernsey County, where he also received his common school education. After the breaking out of the Civil War, Senator Scott enlisted in the Union Army and ser\-ed his country until 1865, 1 140 THE BOOK OF OHIO. when he was muslered oul, lie returned to pri\ale life and engaged in the manufacturing of glass at Wheeling, W. Va., where he has resided e\er siiua-. lie is \ ilall\- interested in the business affairs of that city and is President of the Central Glass Works and Vi(H’-l’resident of the l)ollar Sa\ ings bank of Wheeling. Senator Sccjtt has always been a staunch Republican and he has served his [)art\- and the peo|)le in general in main' cai)acities. In ISSt) he was elected to the ('ity Council of Wheeling and ser\-ed two years as President of the Second branch. In ISS2 he was elected to the State Senate lor a term ot lour years, and having served with distinction was rc'-elected to the same oflice in IS.Stl. In bStlS, President McKinley ap])ointed Mr. Scott to the ]iosition of Internal Re\-enue t'ollector. lie entered oflice on the lirst ot Januar\, ISDK. ( )n the 25th ot January of the year following the Legislature of \\\-sl X’irginia elected Mr. Scott ;i member ot the Unitetl Stiites Senate, and in this high position he has served ever since, having been re-elected in IIMI5. In ISSli, Senator Scott bectime a member ot the Rc])ublican National ('ommittee Irom which time on he has ser\'cd contimlou^l\ until now, ha\ing lieeii ;i member of the Lxecutixe t'ommittee a greater portion of that time. The Senator resides ;it W heeling, W . \''east business, in which he is still engaged. Mr. Sielienthaler is the son of the late Getmge W. Sieben- ihaler and Rosina Holman Siebenthaler, both nati\es of Indiana. Mr. Siebenthalcr’s grand]xuvnts emigrated from Germany in the year 1831 and located in C'iiK'innati where the grandfather and his lirother followed the protession of musicians, playing clarinet and x'iolin, they being the first German musicians who came to Cincinnati. They remained in the Oucen ( ity for some years, but after a serious Cholera Epidemic w-'ent to Indiana, where Air. Siebenthaler’s father as well as he himself were born. Air. Siebenthaler is independent in politics. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, being a 32nd degree Scottish Rite Alason and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine; a member of Syrian Temple. THE BOOK OF OHIO, 1147 On the 15th of June, 1887, he was married to Miss Mollie Mohlenhoff, a daughter of the late John A. Mohlenhoff. Five children Ijlessed their union: Erma, Hilda, Harold, Louis, Jr., and Theda. Mr. Siebenthaler's residence and place of business are located at 2359 McMicken Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio. William H, Simonton, Retired, formerly one of the leading Inisiness men of Columbus, Ohio, was Irorn on the 27th of 7\pril, 1847, at Milford, Clermont C’ounty, Ohio, the son ot Hiram Simonton and Elizal)eth Smell Simonton, both natives of Ohio. He was educated in the Columbus .schools, after which he entered business life, in which he Irecame \’ery successful. Mr. Simonton has always been a staunch Democrat and he has served his party in many capacities. He entered upon his public career at the age of thirty-one years, as I )eputy Clerk of Franklin County. Later, in 1890, he was elected to the positiem of ('ounty Clerk, an office he filled with marked ability and with credit to himself and his constitutents in general. Upon leaving office, Mr. Simonton became engaged in the electrical construction business, in which he remained until December 11th, 1909, when he retired into irrivate life. Socially, Mr. Simonton is a member of the B. P. (). E. He was married tcj Miss Rosina Yaisle. One son, Mark Simonton, was born to them. He succeeded his father in business, with offices in the Building of the Columbus Savings Bank and Trust Company, ('olumbus, Ohio. Scott Small, Former Director of Public Safety, of Cincinnati, Ohio, was lujcn November 7th, 1857, at Harrison, Ohio, the son of John A. and Margaret Small. His father was a native of England and emigrated to the Ihiited States when a babe. Mr. Small’s mother was born in Cincinnati and is of Irish descent. Mr. Small was educated in the common and high schools of Harrison, Ohio, and at the Queen City Commercial ('ollege, Cincinnati, graduating from the latter institution in 1880. He afterwards entered the journalistic field, in w'hich he became very successful. He has always l)een a staunch Repul)lican many years. In 1907, Mr. Small was appointed Secretary to Mayor Markbreit, taking hold of his position on January 1st, 1908. In July, 1909, he was appointed Director of Public Safety. Mr. Small is a member of the Blaine (dul) and of the Cuvier Press Club, Cincinnati. On the 28th of June, 1893, he was married to Miss Milicent Grimm, of Cincinnati. Mr. Small resides at 20 West Ninth Street, (dneinnati. His office is in the City Hall, C'incinnati, ( )hio. Amor Smith, Jr., Manufacturer, was born in Dayton, October 22nd, 1840, .son of .Amor and Sarah (Spencer) Smith, and a descendant of John Smith, the first of the family in America. His father (1812-1890) was a native of Wilmington, Delaware, but in 1819, removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and in 1832 to Dayton, Ohio, where he carried on the manufacture of candles, soap and tallow. The firm name was Amor Smith until 1800, when it became Amor Smith & Co., and in 1808 a liranch was established at Baltimore, Mtb, under the name of Amor Smith & Sons, his partners being his twv) sons. Amor and Leander Smith. Amor Smith, Sr., was the inventor of a wheel for reducing cracklings, a pussplate lor extracting lard and tallow from cracklings, and a perforated dryer for the manufacture of ammon- iacal matter. The son, after attending common scIkjoIs and Herron's prix’ate school in Cincinnati, entered the Swedenborgian Lni\'ersity at Lrbana, Ohio, but left before com- pleting the course to join his father in business. In 1895 he was admitted to partnership. In 1870 Mr. Smith was elected a member of the Board of Aldermen of Cincinnati, and Chairman of the Street Committee, by A'irtue of which he became a memlier ot the Board of City Commissioners. He was Chairman of the Hamilton ('ounty Republican Executiw C'ommittee in 1875 and carried the county for the Republicans in face ol a Democratic Supremacy of five years’ standing, and in 1870, carried the county for Rutherford B. Hayes. He was also Chairman of the Campaign C'ommittee of the .80, 000, 099 l)ond issue of 1873; \'oted to build the Cincinnati Southern Railroad, the greatest railroad enterirrise ever projected by a single city, and in 1878 had charge of a second loan of .82,000,000. On June 8, 1878, he was appointed by President Hayes, Collector of the First Internal Revenue District of Ohio, and served three and one-half years, handling the sum of 812,000,000 per annum. After being relie\'ed of his official duties. Air. Smith resumed his position as an acti^•c member of his father’s tw(j firms. In 1880 he ser\'cd on the committee which negotiated the purchase of the old government building in Cin- cinnati for the use of the C'hamber of ('ommerce. In 1882 he was nominated tor (^'on- gress, and in 1884 was chosen a Delegate to the National Republican Comention. Mr. Smith was elected Mayor of C'incinnati in 1885, and in this term it became his dut\’ to reorganize the police force under the reform act of March 30th, 1880. Mr. Smith nom- inated to the Police Board everyone of the four hundred members of the force, which included its two First Chiefs, Arthur G. Aloore and Philip Deitsch. He was re-elected Alayor of C'incinnati in 1887. Under him the city became a model municipality; the streets were impro^'ed at an expense of .84,000,000, and corruption in \arious departments was ex])osed. A sympathetic strike originated by freight handlers, and inx oh ing 30,000 men, was quelled without bloodshed. United States Troops were called in as a {preventive, and a meeting of representatives of the labor organizations being called and addressed by Mayor Smith, who took the ground that the differences between the strikers and their employers were matters to be settled be- tween themselves, but a breach of the peace was a matter in which it became the duty of the authorities to interpose in the interest of law and order. That, he declared emphatically, would be done and his firmness and fearlessness thus prevented what might ha\’e been a serious disturbance. In 1887 he was appointed by Governor Foraker one of the members of a Board of Water C^ommissioners to provide a Iretter water supply for the city and was chosen its President. He was a member of the Board of City Affairs in 1898-1899. He is a Scottish Rite 32nd degree Mason; a member of the Syrian Shrine and of the Order of Itan-nic-nic; Past Exalted Ruler ot Cincinnati Lodge of Elks, and a member of the Young Men’s Blaine Clul) and of the Stamina Re])ublican League. He was AMOR SMITH, JR. SCOTT SMALL, 1148 THE BOOK OF OHIO. ai)p(>intc(I Surveyor of Customs for part of Cincinuati, by President Roosevelt, in 1903; reappointed in 1907, retiring at the expiration of his second term, lie was married in Cincinnati, l\lay 27, 1803, to Mary Jane, daughter of Henry Kessler, by whom he had two sons, Kessler and Alvin Smith, and a (huighter, Leonora S., wife of John G. Robinson. Mrs. Smith died in 1873, and he was again married to Ida, daughter of Abmn- J. Sennet t , in 1887. Julius Edward Sohn, One of the leading business men of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 2nd of November, 1S.')8, in Cincinnati, the son of Mr. J. G. Sohn, a native of Bavaria, Germany, who had emigrated to the Ibiited States in 1842, and settled in Cincinnati, where he l)ecame con- nect(‘d with the brewing interests of that city. Mr. J. Edward Sohn received a very carejul education in the public schools of his native city, after which he attended Wood- ward High School. He entered business life upon leaving school, accepting a position as clerk with the grocery firm of B. G. Stall & Co., Cincinnati. At the age of twenty- one >’ears, Mr. Sohn entered the firm of his father, the J. G. Sohn Brewing Company, making himself familiar with all the details of that business. He remained a member of the linn until the 2r)th of October, BHH). On the l!hh ol Decemlier, of the same year, Mr. Sohn, in connection with Mr. Michael Keck, ]xirchased the controling interest in the Sch.iller Brewing Company, Cincinnati, becoming President and General Manager of the concern. I'nder his careful and business-like administration the output of the firm was increased from la, 001) to 38, ()()() liarrels per year. Mr. Sohn is a public-si)irited- citizen, always ready to further the interests of his city. He is President of St. John’s Church (German Protestant), and a member of the Elks, K. ot P., National I'nion, Masonic f raternity, being a Knight d'enpilar and a 32nd degree Mason, K. of H. and of the Commercial Travelers, in which organization he has held many positions of honor and trust. ( )n the Kith of March, 1881, Mr. Sohn was married to Miss Amelia Hermann, of Cincinnati, f ive children have blessed their hapijy union: Julius Edward Sohn, Jr., Auditor of the German National Bank, Cincinnati; Erwin Sohn, (diemical Engineer with the National ('arl)on ('ompany, Cleveland, Ohio; Henry Sohn, Norma Sohn, a favorite Mr. Sohn’s ])lace of business is located at 1(')22 Main Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. Williani Sebastian Sohn, OcciMsed, who during his lile ol uselulness was a prominent busine.ss man of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 4th ot Eebruary, 1S.')2, in Cincinnati. Mis [).ircnts were John George and Barbara (Raber )S(jhn. His father established a lirewery in 1849, and con- sitions of city editor, political corres- ])ondent and general manager of newsi)ai)ers. .After retiring from the newspaper business he organized the Columbus, New Albany N Johnstown 'Fractiem Company, constructed the road and has been the General A'lanager of the pro])erty since it began o|K-ration. In addition to his connecti(m with the traction com|)anies he is also one of the A'ice-Presidents of the Columbus Savings and Trust Com])an\-. The only i)ublic |)osition he e\er held was that of statistician for Ohio, of the Unittd States I )epartment of Agriculture. Socially, he is a meml)er of the Masonic k'raternilN-, being a Past AJaster of Columbus Lodge No. 30; an Odd Fellow anrl an Idk. In Se])tember, 1873, he was married to Aliss AlarN' J. Rowlands. They haNC one daughter, Bertha, llis offices are located at Third and Long Streets, t'olumljus, ( )hio. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1151 required in this course in German. Afterwards, French was studied for some time under competent teachers. At the age of twent\--four, Miss Sutherland was appointed First Assistant in the Steubeinille High School, which position she held until called to the Principalship of the Mansfield High School. In this position she remained for a period of nine years when she was called without any solicitation on her part, to the Principal- ship of the Columbus Normal School. In P.IIM), the Principal of the Colnmljus Normal School was made Princi]:)al of the Sullivanl schools also. The schools of Sulli^■ant are the training schcjols of the Normal School. Miss Sutherland hiis been A.ssociate Editor of the Ohio Erlucational Monthly. She has held ofifices in the city, county, state and nati’ear; and she has also lectured in many other cities of Ohio to Women's Clubs, particularly on literary sulqects. Miss Sutherland has traveled in Europe twice; the second time ha^-ing been sent by the Ohio Educational Monthly, which in the summer of 1909 held a voting con- test by which it was to be determined who was the most popular teacher in Ohio; this teacher to make the journey free of expense. Without personally soliciting a single \'ote, m. w. sutmerl.and. Miss Sutherland was honored by an overwhelming majority of votes. Miss Sutherland is a member of the First Congregational Church of Columbus, in which city she resides at 222 Marshall A\enue. ), H. SUNDMAKER. J. H. Sundmaker, Former Director of Puldic Service of the City of Cincinnati, Ohio, wtis born [une 21st, 1809, at Cincinnati, the son of H. L. Sundmaker and Anna Sandman Sundmaker, both nati\-es of Germany. The parents had emigrated to the United States at the age of fifteen and ten years, respecti\'eh’. For many years the father has been engaged in the grocery Imsiness at (hncinnati. Mr. J. H. Sundmaker was educated in the Cincinnati common schools. At the age of eighteen years he entered his professional career as a rodman with Col. E. F. Jewett. While thus being engaged, he studied for a period of tour years under Professor Eisele. Upon leae ing Col. Jewett, Mr. Sundmaker entered the County Engineer's office as a rodman, and in the course of time he has filled ever\- irosition in that office. He entered the County Engineer's office in 1889. Two years later he was appointed Assistant Engineer, and from 190.5 to the 1st of JanuaiA', 1908, he filled the position of Chief Engineer. On the last named date, Mr. Sundmaker was appointed by Mayor Marklireit, City Engineer of Cincinnati, and he has the proud distinction of being the onh' man who has e\'er filled both offices of Chief Engineer of Hamilton County and Chief Engineer of C'incinnati. He was appointed to the position of Director of Public Scr\ice, in January, 1910. In politics, he is a staunch Republican. On the .5th of September, 1895, he was married to Miss Nora M. Nelson, of Newark, Ohio. They ha\e one daughter. Mr. Sundmaker resides at Ihde Park. 1 lis offices are in the City Plall of Cincinnati. Charles P. Taft, President of the Times-Star Publishing Company, of Cincinnati, (Ohio, was born at C’incinnati on the 21st of December, 1843, and is the eldest son of the late Hon. Alphonso Taft. He received his primary educatiem in the Cincinnati schools, pursued a three \'ears’ course in the Woodward High School and prepared for college in Phillips’ Academy, at Andover, Mass., after which, in IStiO, he matric- uled in Yale College, where he was graduated in the class of 1864. He determined to make the ju-actice of law his life work and entered the Columbia Law School of New 5’ork, from which he was graduated in 1866. Eor a few months of that \-ear he was asso- ciated in the practice of the law in Cincinnati with the firm of Sage, Haake & Taft, and then went abroad. Entering the Uni\-ersit\- of Heidelberg, he was graduated at that institution in 1868, with the degree of J. U. D., after which he continued his studies at the College de France, of Paris, for a year. A season of travel in England and Scotland brought him that culture and knowledge which can be acquired in no other way, and with a mind broadened and enriched by contact with the best educators of the old world, he returned to Cincinnati, in November, 1869, to assume the duties and responsibilities of practical life. hlr. Taft formed a law l)artnership with General Edward F. Noyes and successfully engaged in practice with that gentleman until 1871, when the General was elected Governor of Ohio and Mr. Taft was elected a member of the State Legislature. While ser\-ing in that body he was chairman of the Committee on Schools and School Lands. Acting in that capacity he secured the first codification of the school laws of the state, and largely advanced the interests of education thereby. In 1872 he was nominated by the Reimblican party for Con- gress, but was defeated by the Greeley wave that swept over Hamilton County that year. After the election, he resumed the prac- tice of the law. Mr. Taft’s connection with journalism dates from 1879, when he purchased the controlling interest in the Times. When the consolidation with the Star was made, in 1880, the Times was allotted the controlling interest in the capital stock. The paper is too well known throughout the entire country to need specific mention here. It is one of the most potent agencies in the promotion of Repuldicanism in this section of the land. Mr. Taft was also for many years one of the owners of the Cincinnati Volks- blatt, a very prosperous and influential German newspaper, and was Vice-President of The Cincinnati Wlksblatt Co. until toward the close of the year 1890. No man in Cincinnati has labored more earnestly for the best de\-elopment of the cit>' than Mr. Taft, especially along the lines tending toward mental de\-elo])ment and a broad culture of the mind. His supjiort is never withheld from any enterprise or measure calculated to jiromote the general welfare, and many interests of the cit>- bear the impress of his strong indi- viduality. He is one of the originators of the Zoological Garden, and one of its directors for seA'cral years. He was also Treasurer of the May Festival Association, and a member of the Trustees of the Sinking Fund. For se^■eral years he serx'ed as one of the THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1 52 real estate manaiiers of the ^■otmJ■ Alen’s Mercantile l.iltrary Association. For fully seventeen years he was a nieniher of the Fnion Board of Cincinnati lliydi Schools, and for a time served as its President. For seven years he was President of the lhli^■ersity Chib. In the hill of ISDn, his fellow townsmen showed their appreciation of his worth and ability by electing him to the Fifty-Fourth Cotigre.ss, to represent the hirst Congressional District of Ohio. His political record is above reproach, and has ever been marked b\- the utmost fidelii\- to dtit>-, by unwa\-ering hnailty to the best interests of the country, and by an unselfish jwirpose which places the i)arl\ 's good abo\ e personal aggrandi/ement . Mr. 'I'aft was married on December 4th, 1873, to Annie Sinton, daughter of David William vS. Thomas, t )ne of the leading manulaclurers and business men ol Springfield, Ohio, whose name is well known in the business world all o\er the country, was born on the 22nd of April, lS.a7, at S|)ringfield, ()hio. His parents were John H. Thomas and Mary J. Thomas, natix’es of .Maryland and Ohio, respectively. He olitained a very thorough education at the iHiblic schools of his native city; at Robltin’s Academy, and at the Ihiixcrsity of Wooster, ( )hio, graduating from the latter well-known institution of higher learning in 1S75, receiving the degrees of A. B. and A. M. After leaving college he entered upon his business career. He is greatly interested in the business affairs of Springfield, being con- nected with the Thomas Manufacturing Com])any, manufacturers of agricultural im- plements, and the Mad l\i\-er National Bank. Mr. Thomas has always been a staunch Democrat and has ser\ed his ])arty in many capacities. He has been very active in |)olitics but has never held any public office, e.xcept locally, as his e.xtensi\e business enter])rises occupy nearly all of his time. Upon several occasions he was strongly urged to make the race for ('.overnor of Ohio on the Democratic ticket, but for the reasons stated he was forced to decline the honor. Nevertheless he has serxed the people as a member of the Springfield School Board, Springfield City Council, the Police and Fire Boards, and as a member of the Sinking Fund Trustees of Springfield. He w'as a dele- gate at large to the Democratic National C'onventions in 11)()(), 1904 and 1908. On the 8th of December, 1878, he was married to Miss Fannie N. Senteney, of Louisxille, Kentucky. They have two children. Miss Lucrctia Thomas and Wallace S. Thomas. Mr. 'I'liomas attends the First Presbyterian Church and is President of the Board of Trus- tees of that organization. He resides at 721 East High Street, Springfield, Ohio. I'Yank P. Torrence, ( )ii(' of the iH'oniinent business men ol S])ringfield, ( )hio, with olfices in the Fairbanks Building, that city, was born on the 11th of June, IS.')."), at Jamestown, ( )hio, the .son of Dr. J. M. and Mary Curry Torrence, d'he family is of Scotch-Irish ancestry. Mr. I'orrence’s grandfather was a soldier in the War of 1812. .After the war he came to Ohio, settling in Greene County, where Ur. J. M. Torrimce, the father of Mr. F. P. 'Forrence was born. Dr. Torrence was regimental surgeon of the Seventy-Fourth Ohio Volun- teer Infantrx' during the Cix’il War. Mr. Frank P. I'orrence obtained his editcation in the public schools of Xenia and in the Xenia Seminary. W'hen about filteen years of age he left home to make his own way in the world and was variously employed. Even- tualU’ he became the adxertising and route agent for a number of large theatrical companies, but after his marriage he gave up that business and became a traxeling salesman for a St. Louis tobacco house. Later he became connected with an extensive cigar house of Detroit, Mich. In 1S90 he remoxed to Springfield, where he embarked in the brokerage business, in which he became very success- fill. Mr. Torrence is a public-sjiirited man, an ideal citizen, and always willing to further the interests of his home city. He is interested in \arious financial and industrial enterprises. On the 9th of October, 1877, he was married to Miss Laura Baldridge, of Frbana, Ohio, a daughter ol Dr. .A. H. Baldridge, one of the founders of the Medical College of Cincinnati. One daughter was born to them. Mr. Torrence is a member of the F'lks; K. of P.; United Commercial Travelers; Commercial Club of Springfield, and other organizations. Politically, he is a staunch Republican. Mr. Torrence resides at Woodlawn Avenue, Springfield, Ohio. 'V. B. Townsend. F'or almost a half century ( )hio has numbered T. B. Townsend among its most prominent and progressixe citizens, and in tact so x'aried and extensixx' has been his business opera- tions that he max' well be termed one of the “captains of industry” and likewise one ol the founders ot the city of Zanesxdlle, xvherc he makes his home, for he htis been the pro- moter of manx' of its leading Inisiness enter])rises, the growth and development of the city deixmding tpion its commercial and industrial actixdty. His connection with any under- taking incurs a [irosperous outcome of the same, for it is in his nature to carry forxx^ard to successtul completion xvliatcwer he is associated xvith. He has earned for himself an enx'iable reinitation as a careful man of business, and in his dealings is knoxxm for his lironpit and honorable methods xvhich hax'e xvon him the deserx'ed and unbounded con- fidence ot his telloxvmen. He xvas one of the builders of the first street railway line in Zanesx'ille, has been a builder of its liridges and sexvers, xvas the pioneer in the marble business here and has been connected xvith general contracting in many other states. He is noxv practically fixing retired but is financially interested in many enterprises of magnitude and importance. Mr. Toxvn.send is a natixe of Pittsburg, Pennsylxania, his birth haxdng occured on the 8th of September, 1837, on xvhat xvas then called Boyd’s Hill, near the entrance of the Pennsylx'ania Railroad tunnel xvhich passes underneath the ground at Sex'enth Avenue. At that time, hoxvexer, there xvas neither railroad nor telegraph fine in Pittsburg, and all transiiortation xvas done by xvagon or boat. His parents, William and Harriet (Burgess) Toxvnsend, xvere both natixes of Gloucestershire, England, and came to America about 1834 or 1835, crossing the Atlantic on the same xessel. Soon after their arrixml in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, their marriage xx'as celebrated. They became the parents and Jane (I'.llison) Sirilon, ol ( incinnati. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1153 of thirteen children, of whom T. B. Townsend is the eldest. Six of these children are still living. The mother, however, died in Be\ - erly, Ohio, in 1859, being long siirvi\ed by William Townsend who passed away in Columbus, in 1900. He became a resident of Ohio in 1846, settling on a farm near Beverly, where for a considerable period he made his home. T. B. Townsend was at that time only nine years of age, and being the eldest of his father’s family he had to assist in the development, cultivation and improvement of the home farm. His educational pri\ ileges were thereby extremely limited. After he was nine years of age his total attendance at school covered but six months. When twenty-one years of age his father was incapacitated for further business cares and then his mother died, so that T. B. Townsend was left to care for and rear the children, he being the eldest. He did not have a dollar when he started out in life, so that what he has he has earned through his own labor and industry. He has also to care for the family of a married sister, whose husband died. Realizing in early life the advantage and benefit of an education, he tried to counteract- his early lack in that direction and obtain an education that would qualify him for a successful business career. He largely devoted his evening hours to study by the light of a tallow candle or the light of an open wood fire. He applied himself with such diligence and assiduity to his r.ooks, that at the age of seventeen years he had qualified himself for teaching in the district schools and during three or four months (jf the winter he taught for a dollar per day and his board, “boarding round” among the scholars, after the manner of the times, hor eight successive years he continued his educational work in the district schools, while in the summer months his labors were turned in another direction. He was fourteen years of age when he began learning the brick and stonemason’s trade and that of stone cutting with his father, and when a youth of eighteen years had completed his apprenticeship. In his nineteenth year he started for the then distant west, his destination being Illinois and Iowa. He traveled by steamboat to Cairo, Illinois, thence up the Mississippi Ri\-er to Burlington, Iowa, where he secured a situation at laying and cutting stone for Governor Grimes of that state. After spend- ing a season in the west, however, Mr. Townsend returned to Be\'erly, where he entered into partnershij) with his father in the con- tracting business on a small scale. When the son was twenty-one years of age the father retired from business and T. B. Townsend then continued contracting on his own account, carrying on the business with constantly growing success until his retirement about ten years ago, his patronage constantly increasing in volume and importance. While Zanesville has largely been the field of his opera- tion, he has also figured prominently as a general contractor in other states. He took up his abode in Zanes\ ille in the spring of 1867 and has Here made his home continuously since, co^■ering a period of forty-four consecutive years. While residing in Beverly, Mr. Townsend also extended the scope of his labors by the establishment of a marble business and soon was in the enjoyment of a good trade. Upon the return of his brother, William C. Townsend, from the army, a partnership was formed between them, T. B. Townsend selling a half interest in the business, and when he removed from Beverly to Zanes\ille he sold the remaining half of the marble business there to his brother, but not long after he located in this city, his brother followed him here and again they formed a partnership in the marble business which continued for seA'eral years. Once more T. B. Town- send sold out to his brother, who de^■e!oped a mammoth enterprise prior to his death. The subject of this review is the pioneer of the marble business which has won for Zanesville such a great name as the center for the operations of wholesale dealers in marble and granite. During all the years in which he was connected with the marble trade, Mr. Townsend also continued his building operations, and many of the fine structures of Zanesville and vicinity stand as monuments to his skill and enterprise. The first building which he erected was the Garner Block, in 1867, at the corner of Main and Sixth Streets, now occupied by the street railway company. He also erected the Stevens, Black, Star, Wiles, Stolzenbach and the Burgess Blocks; the Clarendon and the Arlington Hotels; the Schultz Opera House; the Courthouse; the Jail; the Sheriff’s house; the Workhouse; the County Infirmary; the Children’s Home and Memorial Hall. He- likewise built the greater part of the Caldwell Court House; was also the contractor and builder of the court houses at Cambridge, New Philadelphia, Troy, Bowling Green and Charleston, W. Va. He also built most of the Belmont County Infirmary and all of the Washington and Miami County Infirmaries. To many other lines of construction his efforts have also been extended with gratifying success. Moreover he belongs to that class of enterprising xAmerican citizens, who, while promoting individual prosperity, likewise contribute in appreciable measure to the public good. Mr. Townsend built the first street railway of Zanesville and was half-owner of the enterprise for sixteen years, when he sold out to the Electric Railway Company. He has paved the greater part of the streets of Zanesville and built most of the sewers up to 1895. He constructed all of the foundations for the following bridges across the Muskingum River; one at Marietta; one at Lowell; one at Beverly; one at Windsor; one at Gaysport; two at Taylorsville; one at Brush Creek; one at Sixth Street, Zanesville; two at Fifth Street, Zanesville; one at Monroe Street, Zanes\ille; one at New Comerstown; an arch bridge at Kent, Ohio, and also one at Mr. \’er- non, beside other smaller bridges over this state and West \drginia. He furnished the stone for the lock at Marietta, Ohio, for the Government, and also for a lock at Burning Springs, W’est \drginia. He built most of the railroad from Zanesville to Dresden, Ohio, also the Toledo & Ohio; Central Railroad from Gran\ille Junction to Millersport, and a section of the same line from Columbus to Thurston, Ohio; the narrow gauge from Woodsfield to Jacobsport; the Cleveland Belt Line and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, from Defiance to Holgate. For about thirty years he was extensively engaged in building houses, public buildings, sewers, street pavements, bridges and railroads, but retired from the general contracting business about ten years ago, and at the present time is not actively engaged in any enterprise. He is, however, occupying the Presidency of The T. B. Townsend Brick & Contracting Com- pany, the other members of which are his son, O. N. Townsend and his son-in-law, R. C. Burton. The three gentlemen own all of the stock and there is a paid-up capital of two hundred thousand dollars. Mr. Townsend of this review acts with them only in an advisory capacity. The company in addition to their contracting business are manufacturers of the Townsend Street Paving Block and common sewer brick. They are contractors for heavy masonry in heavy buildings and make a specialty of sewer building. He is also President of the Northern Coal Company and President of the Peabody Gas and Oil Company, of Peabody, Kansas. Among other important investments, Mr. Townsend has an extensive and valuable ranch of thirty-six hundred acres in Marion C'oLinty, Kansas, which farm he manages through a foreman. There he raises cattle, hogs, horses, corn, alfalfa and sorghum hay. About one thousand acres are planted in corn and alfalfa and the balance is used for pasture land. This farm is located on the main line of the Santa Fe Railroad, near Pealxxly, Kansas, and there is a station upon the place called Horner. Mr. Townsend has his own stock yards at the station so that his cattle and hogs are sfi ipped direct to Kansas City, a distance of about a hundred and sixt\- miles. The entire farm is fenced, there being about five miles of hedge fence and five miles of barbed wire fence (four wires), with posts sixteen feet apart. The barn on the farm is built of cut stone, is fifty-six by one hundred feet and three stories in height, having been erected at a cost of over ten thousand dollars. The Superintendent’s house was built at a cost of three thousand dollars and there are ten other houses for the men. con- taining from four to seven rooms, each costing from five hundred to one thousand dollars each. The men are employed by the month or year, their pay averaging forty dollars per month. In addition to this they are furnished a house, rent free, an acre ot land for a garden, jiasture for one or two cows, pasture for one horse, and room for the raising of hogs and chickens which they wish to keep. 1 1 54 THE BOOK OF OHIO. It will thus Ik- sci-n th;il Air. Townscnrl is \'ery liberal with his employees. Out he raneh are about one thousand head of cattle, about lifteeti hundred hot^s ;tnd sixt\--two horses ;md mules. The year of 1911 produced uiton the ranch thirty thousand bushels of corn, one thoustmd tons of alfalfa ha>', Ihe htmdred tons of sorghum hay, together with large quantities of grains. Mr. Townsend sells froitt the raneh e\er\- \ear, cattle and hogs to the x’alue of fifty or sixty thousand dollars, of which he raises about one hundred rows, btit bu\s ;ind hittens most of his rattle. 'The other cattle jturchased in the west are Itrought to his ranch and fattened on the grass ;ind corn aitd theti shi])ped to the rit>’ mtirket. In a good cro]) year corn is raised and put in the cribs for twelve cents per bushel, rite rorit is not rut, but is lutsked from the stork, after which the cattle are turned in the fields, eating up the fodder. Three or fotir crops of alf.ilf.i ha\- tire rtit each \i-ar, yielding about a ton ]rer acre at a cutting. Mr. Townsend’s farming x’enture has Iteen attended with a \'er\’ gratih ing tiieasure of sucer-ss and the splendid clim.ate of Kansas makes it a pleasure for him to visit his ranch. W hen Mr. 'I'ownsend was twent\’-otie \'ears of age he was married to Miss Sybil A. Nulton, of Reverly, Ohio, and they became the litireiits of li\e rhildreii, of whotn three arc- fixing, natnely: Orxille N. Townsend, the Vice-President and General Manager of The T. lb Tow n.scnd Hrirk >.\: ( 'out rartitig ('oni])any, Mrs. llattieR. Purton, whose hitsband is the Secretaiy and Treasitrer of the Brick K ( 'ontrartiitg t 'omiJiitix', and Mrs. Marx' T. Broxx ti. About eighteeti yettrs ago Mr. Townsend’s health failed and he was adxased bx' his |)hxsiritin to go Sotilh for the xxinter. Sitire that titi-ie he has spent twenty-three xx'ititer seasons in the south, iti consec|uence of w hich his lu'alth todax' is better thati it xx'tis thirty years ago. I le has trax’eled extensix'cly, spenditig sex'en xxinters in old Mexico, one iit .\ew Mexico, eight in California, one in Arizotia, txx'o iti h'lorida, one in Louisiana, one in Texas, one in Egypt and one in Pan- aiu.i. lie has thus gtiined a rom|)rehetisix'e knowledge of the southern section of the western hemisphere and greatly enjoyed his xisii to the .Afrir.in kingdoiti, whose ;inti(|uitx' its sei-ti iri its ruins seetns greater than that of any other section of the globe. rite extent and itu])ortanre of the business ititerests whirli hax’e rlaitned his attentioti and the success xvhich has attended his elforts maki-s his history a tiottible otie ;md in his lile he has exetu])lified the tertn “dignity of labor.’’ He is a man of distitict and forreftil indixidu.ilitx', broad metitiilitx' ;itid tnatitrc- judgtnetit and iti his ready recognition atid utilization of opportutiity is foutid the secret of his |)rosperitx'. lie has lelt his itiqiress uitoti the industrial world. For years he was an imiiortant factor iti the dex’elop- meiit of the st;ite ;ind iit the |)roniotioii ol eitterprises additig tiot tilone to his indixidital ]irosi)crity, but also adx'atiritig the general progress of his honu- city atid ol the romittoiixxealth at large. John L. Trauger, protninetit bttsiness tnati and iirititer of Cohtmlnts, ( )hio. President and Alanagcr of the j. L. Trattger Printing Coni|)any, xvas liorn iti Westmoreland C'oitnty, Pennsylx’ania, oti the nth of Se])teniber, 1847. His birtiqilace xvas iti Trauger Statioti, named in honor of his father, George 4' ranger, who was a tiiiller and farmer atid operated a large flour niill there. The family is of German descent atid was foumled in America liy the grand- father of George Traitger, xvho came from Hesseti-1 farmstadt, Germany, jirior to the War ol the Rexolutioti. Mrs. Anna Rutnbaugh Trauger, mother of Air. John L. Trauger, was ;ilso of German lineage. Mr. Joliti L. Trauger xvas educated in the country schools ol Westtiioreland County and at Sexvickley Academy, a noted institution of that day, xvhich xvas located on his father’s fartii. At the age of sixteen he began teaching in the coutitry schools and folloxx'ed the ])rofession for four years. He came to Columbus in March, 18(18, entered the freshman class of the Capital Unix'crsity and graduated in 1871 xvith the Bachelor of Arts degree. He taught school for one winter in the Pennsyl- x'ania pulilic schools and the folloxx’ing summer in Sexvickley Academy, after xvhich he returned to Columlnis and entered the Theological Seminary, graduating two years later. 1 le xvas then ordained to the Lutheran Alinistry and took up the active xvork of the church at Petersburg, Ohio, where he engaged In preaching until April, 1880. At that time he acceiited the management of the Lutheran Book Concern, just established at Columbus, and remained in that jiosition for nineteen years, when he resigned to accept a position xvith the Westbote Publishing Company, of which he afterxx^ard became manager. He filled that irosition until the consolidation of the Westbote and Express Publishing Com- panies in 1902, when he organized the J. L. Trauger Printing Company at 32 and 34 l-..isl Rich Slreet. Ihe business flourished under his careful management and is noxv an extensix'e and profitable book and job printing esi.iblishnu-nt. Mr. Trauger for manx' years has been connected xvith x^arious commercial enterprises and is noxv a Director of the I'r.mklin l.oan and Saxings Companx'. On the 20th of Sei)tember, 1877, in Youngstoxvn, Ohio, Air. Trauger was married to Aliss Mary Ix. Smith, a daughter of John W. and C'atherine Smith of that city. Three daughters have been the fruit of their union. 1 he family reside at 32 East Schiller Street, Columbus, ()hio. Air. Trauger has alxvays been a staunch Democrat, and for many years alter mox ing to Columbus xvas actix'e as a party xvorker. He serxx-d as Chairman of the County Executix^e Cemunittee for many years and xvas a delegate tf) many county, state and congressional conx'entions. In 1884 he xvas elected to the city council and by re- election continued in office for eight years. In LS94 he xvas elected City School Examiner and has filled that position continuously since. In 190;) he xvas elected a memtrer ol the Board of Education, serxung one year as President of that l)ody. In the fall of 1909, Mr. T ranger xvas a ])rominent candidate for the n-iayorally of Columbus. Socially he is connected xvith the Olentangy Club and he xvas one ol the original m-?mbers of the Columlnis Board of Trade. He has alxvays been a lox'er of music and was for sex’en years an actixe member in an orchestra and band xvhen a young man. He xvas engaged to some extent in literary work, and has done considerable ( lernum translating and has xvritten sexeral pamphlets on religious subjects. He has been a vestryman of Grace Lutheran ( hurch almost continuously since its organization; has been an actix’e xvorker iii the church and has contributed liberally to its sujiport. John Mathew Waddell, Son of John h. and Hannali J. W’addell, xvas born in Chllllcothe, ( )hio, January 4, 18.53, in the residence built and occupied by the first (lox ernor of ( )hio, Ixdxvard Tiffin. A year later his [xarents remoxxxl to Greenfield, Highland (’ounty, ( )hio, at xvhich jxlace Air. Waddell has since resided. He attended the public school in Greenfield until 1809, at xvhich time he entered his father’s hardxvare store and remainx-d in this business until 1888. From the hardxx'are business he xvent into that of manufacturing family coffee n-iills, hax’ing in- xented a nexx' dexice in this line. As his business grexx’ he Inx-ented other useful articles, aiiKjng xvhich xvere animal traps, monex’- draxvers, cash registers, shoxv cases, etc., all of xx'hich xx'cre very successfully manufactured and sold. He is still engaged in the manu- lacfuring business at this date (1912), oi)erating txvo large factories and manufacturing largely post-office and store fixtures and fur- THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1155 niture. In the year 1894 he opened up a large addition of about three hundred building lots within the corporation of Greenfield, which has since been built up with dwellings, stores, factories and a church building. He suffered a \ery heavy loss by fire in 1901, when his large factory burned to the ground, losing all his machinery and stock, with but little insurance. \\ ithin sixty days he had another factory fully equipped and was supplying the United States Government with post-office furniture on a four vears contract. In order to ascertain the possibilities of se\-eral hydro-electrical plants, de^•elop- ing from 16,000 to 20,000 horse-power, he ad^•anced the money to make thorough sur^•eys of Paint Creek, from Greenfield to Chillicothe, Ohio, at which latter point this stream empties into the Scioto River. Mr. I. J. Miller, of Cincinnati, Ohio, with whom Mr. Waddell is associated in this project, has been going over the data collected in making his final report. W hether or not the project is feasible remains for time to tell. Mr. Waddell was married November 13, 1873 to Nellie Phelps, only child of L. N. and Julia Phelps, then residing in Greenfield. Four children were born to them, all of whom are now living, namely, Lewis P., Nellie, Neal P. and Dean T. Waddell. J. M. WADDELL. Bernard Philip Wagner, One of the important manufacturers of Sidney, Shelby Count}', (Jhio, and proprietor of the beautiful Wagner Park Conservatories of that city, was born on the 1st of February. 1865, the son of Mathias W agner and Anna M. Rauth Wagner, both nati\’es of German\’, the father having emigrated when but tweh'e years of age, and the mother in her infanc}'. Mr. hlathias Wagner was one of the pioneers of Sidney. He erected se\'eral substan- tial business blocks, including the principal hotel. Hotel Wagner, and was the largest real estate owner in Shelb>’ Count}'. Mr. Bernard P. W'agner recei\'ed his education in the Sidney Parochial School and at St. Mary’s Institute, Dayton, Ohio. At the age of twenty years he entered upon his business career and started in the general merchan- dise business in which he remained about ten years until his present occupation was founded. At present Mr. Wagner is \’ice-President of the Wagner Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of Aluminum and Iron Cooking Utensils, and Proprietor of the Wagner Park Conser^'atories, Nursery and Landscape Gardening. He is the inven- tor of numerous household utensils and se^'eral other articles. On the 22nd of Meiy, 1895, he was married to Miss Jane Freschard, of Owens^'ille, Ohio. Three children, Jerome A., Bernard IM. and Elizabeth Mary have been the fruit of their union. Mr. Wagner belongs to the Roman Catholic faith and is a member of the Holy Angels Church. He resides at North West Block, corner North and Walnut A\'enue, Sidney, Ohio, a modern home, commanding a fine -v iew of his home city, surrounded with an elaborate planting of choice shrubbery, etc. His park is one of the beauty spots of Western Ohio. Recently a local newspaper published the following communication about that beautiful park : Editor Daily News: — ■ I'm a lover of nature and an ardent admirer of fiowers. Whene^'er I ^'isit a town and have a little leisure, it Is my habit to see as much of the beautiful as possible, and this inclination takes me through the best residence streets, or through the park, if there be one, for there is where one sees nature adorned in her best clothes and most brilliant hues, especially in the good old summer time. That is how I came to \'isit Wagner Park recently, and its beauties and benefits so impressed me that I resoh'ed to break into print in the approved American fashion. Fortunately I met Mr. B. P. Wagner, the creator of the park, while strolling through the grounds, and 1 was soon in possession of all the facts necessar}- for m}' purpose. I found him kind and genial and courteous as one would expect In a man engaged in the growth and aesthetic occupation of cultivating flowers. He was also modest, and if aught is said here that Is greatly to his credit the guilt must be ascribed to the writer, not to Mr. Wagner. .Mr. Wagner's modest}' is of the old fashion kind, t}'pified by the field daisy and sung by the poet: “There is a flower, a little flower. With siK'er crest and golden e} e. That welcomes e\'er}' changing hour. And weathers every sky." B. P. W.-\GNER. His was not the new fangled modern brand of modestv that seeks the center of the stage, typified by Luther Burbank's Nevertheless, when I learned the plain improved Shasta daisy, six inches across and commanding the attention of an admiring world, facts, I could not help regarding him in the light of a public benefactor, and I think the citizens of Sidney must agree with me. The park includes thirty acres and was laid out five years ago by W. H. and B. P. Wagner. The use of it, if not the title, is in public. The people are given the right to enjoy it as fully and freely as if the title were actually vested In them, and it is kept up without expense to the public. Is there any other town in Ohio that has such a magnificent park on such easy terms? I know of none. Surely nature intended this beautiful spot for a public park. The ground is gently rolling. Nati\'e forest trees flourish in all their glory — maple, oak, birch, elm and many other varieties. Art has supplemented nature. The low spots were con\'erted into lakes, of which there are three. A pavilion was built for the people; rustic seats are scattered about the grounds for their con\en- ience. The natural beauty of the place is enhanced by the subtle art of the landscape gardener. Dri^'es wend their graceful wav through forest and open. The midsummer view as it appeared to me, was an enchanting picture. The green trees for a background ; the emerald lawn in front; the well placed flower beds rioting in gorgeous colors; the whole bathed in bright sunlight; all combined to make a scene of beauty, entrancing to amateur or artist. And thus the park blooms in beauty and fragrance from April to No\'em- ber, each flower and shrub and plant doing duty in its own particular season, furnishing a most pleasing variety from spring till autumn. Such a place is a valuable adjunct to the educational system of any town, and Sidne}' is to be congratulated on ha\'ing a ci'^izen public-spirited enough to furnish it. 1 1 r>6 THE BOOK OF OHIO. The conservatories were established when the ]>ark was laid out, and Mr. W’agner commenced in an amateurish way, merely for the love of cultivating and w'orking with flowers, rather than for a sorid profit. But a man succeeds best financially in the occupation he loves best; other things being ecpial and he soon found there was a profit as well as pleasure' in it. He gives his forenoons to his flowers, his afternoons to the more jerosaic business of manufacturing hollow ware, in conjunction with his brothers, and this is still his program. E\’en ( alifornia, my adopted state, the “Land of Sunshine and Mowers,’’ contril)utes her testimonial in the shape of orders. This was a surjnfise to me at first, but a little reflection shows it to be natural enough. The Cali- fornians are flower lo^•ing ]ieople; gay and light hearted as the Parisians, and as cosmopolitan as the l)reezes that bathe the globe. '1 hey are not “cabined, cribljed, confined,” by local prejudice, even though they boast of Wizard Bur- l)ank, who took a little field daisy and made it as big as a sunflower. But 1 was surprised to hear that they sent to the W'agner cemservatories for the aforesaid Shasta daisy, Burbank’s special creation and his crowning glory as the ])remier flower magician and the order was filled to the complete .satisfaction of the aesthetic Californian. There is only one Luther Burbank, but he isn’t the only man who can originate new \arieties of flowers. The W'agner comservatories can boast of se\’eral of their own creation, which are coming into popular favor. Mr. Wagner’s greatest achievement in this fascinating line is the production of two new varieties of phlox by the process of selection from many thousands of seedlings. They are both mar\’els of beauty and entirely distinct from other wirieties. Is Sidney generally awaire of this achievement so quietly and modestly attained? I doubt it. A prophet is without honor in his own country. A brutal pug like John L. Sullivan leaps into international renown by a single fistic feat. A student of nature develops and per- fects, creates in a sense, a lovely blossom to delight, refine and elevate mankind, yet this splendid deed may be un- known in the next township. Such is fame. I lift up my voice, even the voice of a stranger, against WAc;NI-:R-S PARK. SIDNEY, OHIO. , . . . , ^ . , ,,, f i such injustice, and 1 tip my hat to W agner, rather than to Sulli\.in. Would there be a thousand like him, judiciously distributed throughout the Buckeye State. Then Ohio would soon be known the world o\er .is the P.irk State of the I’nion, and Sidney would no longer enjoy her unifiue jiosition as the only towm of her size in ( )hio that could boast of such a beautilul park, on such generous terms. A STRAN(}ER. Edward .1. Wanner, Secretary and I're.i^urer of The Wagner Sons Brewing t'omjiany, Sidney, ( )hio, ranks among the best known business men of the state, lie was born in Sidney, ( )hio, on the (ith of January, l.Sfifl, the son of John Wagner and Mary A. Wagner, both natives of Ohio. Mr. W .igner’s grandjiarents came from .Alsace, ( 'lermany, to the khiited States. He received his education in the public schools of Sidney, ( )hio, .md tor two years at St. Mary’s Institute, l)a>’ton, ( )hio. When sixteen years of age he entered business file, becoming connected w ith the brewery founded b\' his father, which at that time was known as John Wagners’ Sons. Mr. John Wagner died in bSSl, ,md Mr. 1-alward J. Wagner became manager of the business. In 189ti the latter w-as incorporated as The John Wagner Sons Brewing ('onijiany, when Mr. Edward J. Wagner was elected Secretary and Treasurer, a position he has filled ever since. In politics, Mr. Wagner is a staunch Oeniocrat. He has lieen a memlier of the County Executive Committee several times, hiir three years he h.is been a membc'r of the ( )hio State Brewers’ .Association. Socially, he is connected with the Elks; the United Commercial I ravelers .ind the h.agle--. He was m.irried on the ISth of July, 1888, to Miss Elizalieth Kraft. lAvo boys, Karl J. and Cjcorge h.., have been born to tlmm. Mr. Wagner resides at filO South Main .Avenue, Sidney, ( )hio. Christopher C, Waite, Heceased, who during a life of u.sefulness was one of the most potent factors in building uj) the railroad system of the Central States, was a nati\ e ( )hioan. I le was the scion of an illustrious family, the grandson of Henry Matson Waite, who, during the years of b^od to 18')4 was an honored member of the Supreme Bench f)f (Connecticut, and the son of C hief Justice Morrison R. W aite, of the Supreme ( ourt ol the I nitr'd States, one of the greatest jurists .America has jiroduced. Mr. ( hristojiher t . Waite was born and reared at 1 oledo .md obtained a most careful education. Preferring liusiness life to the legal prolession, Mr. Waite entered the railroad tield. which then was in its infanew', and became one of the most widely known business men ol the Ohio and Mississijipi Valleys. Alore than many others he was instrumental in developing the railroad systems of Ohio and adjoining states. As Superintendent, THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1157 he was connected with the Little Miami Road in its most prosperous days, and his various railway- connections include ser\'ice as assistant to the President of the Erie Road; as \uce-President and General Manager of the Cincinnati, Dayton & Hamilton, and as President of the Hocking \"alley Road, which he was bringing to the front by his genius and ability, when, on the 21st of February, 1896, he was suddenly stricken with illness and his brilliant career was brought to an untimely end. His wife, in her maiden- hood, was Lillian Guthrie, a member of the prominent Guthrie family of Zanesville, Ohio. Mrs. Waite passed away on the 1st of November, 1905. In the family were two sons, of whom Air. Henry S. Waite, a leading business man and manufacturer of Colum- bus, Ohio, and Vice-President and General Manager of the Case Crance Company, that city, is living. Robert Watson, Pastor of the Presbyterian Church of the Covenant, and Instructor in Pastoral Theology, in Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio, was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, on the 6th of May, 1865. Llis parents were Robert Watson and Catherine Thompson Watson, who left their native land in 1873, and emigrated to America. Dr. Watson was educated in the private schools of Scotland; at the Collegiate School 'of New Brunswick, Canada; the Lhii\'ersity of New Brunswick; Princeton L’niversity and at the Princeton Theological Seminary, graduating from the LTiversity of New Brunswick in 1893, and from the Theological Seminary in 1896. Dr. Watson holds the following degrees: B. A., L'niver- sity of New Brunswick, 1893; M. A., Princeton University, 1895; Ph. D., Gale College, by examination, 1900, and D. L)., Cedarville College, honorary, 1906. He started upon his professional career at the age of twenty-four years, when he was appointed Missionary to a group of churches, continuing preaching during his College and Theological courses. Later he became pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Oxford, Pennsyh'ania, and of the Second Presbyterian Church of Cincinnati, continuing there until he took charge of the Church of the Covenant. Before his college days, from 1880 to 1885, Dr. Watson was engaged in “Lumbering” and “Farming.” He is the author of the following pub- lications: “The Necessity of a Study of Psychology to the Minister as Pastor and Preacher;” “Sympathy;” “Time to Think;” “Opportunity;” “Reading;” “A Greeting to College Graduates,” and of the three published sermons, “Education,” “The Saloon” and “Wages or a Gift.” His political affiliation is with the Republican party. He is also a member of the American Academy of Science. Since 1905, Dr. Watson is a Trustee of Lincoln Lffiiversity, Pa.; since 1906, a Trustee of Western College for Women, Oxford, Ohio; he is a special representative of General Assembly, United States of xUmerica Evangelical Committee, and a member of the Executive Commission of the General Assembly, I'nited States of America. On the 23rd of July, 1896, Mr. Watson was married to Miss Georgia Maud Belyea. Five children have blessed their union; Paul Belyea, Knox Belyea, Grace Navarre, Ruth Navarre and Robert Belyea. Dr. Watson resides at 6 Lane Seminary Campus, Cincinnati, Ohio. The Presbyterian Church of the Covenant, In Cincinnati, is a union of four of the historic Presbyterian churches of Cincinnati. The “First” organized in 1790; the "Secemd” organized in 1816; the “Central” organized in 1844; and the “Fifth” organized in 1832. This union was consumated out of the three former churches by the Presbytery of Cincinnati, on February 25th, 1907, the Fifth Church coming into the union later, on July 12th, 1909. The building and site occupied by the Lhiited Church was that formerly used by the Second Church, and was chosen Ijecause of its central location. It is situated at the S. W. Corner of Eighth and Elm Streets, and faces Garfield Place. Dr. Robert Watson, formerly pastor of the Second Church was chosen pastor of the Lhiited Church. The church has pros- pered greatlv in the past few years, not only by an increase of its membership, but in the number and extent of its activities. The membership is now nearly 1200, with a Sunday School of over 800. It has an acti\’e Brotherhood, a strong Baraca and Philalhea organization of young men and women; a flourishing Saturday Sewing School; a Mothers' Club which not only discusses ]iractical questions, but in which the mothers are trained in cooking and sewing. The Young- People’s Society is very active, and for three months of every year conducts open air services on the street. These, with the Ladies’ City Missionary Society and the Woman’s Home and Foreign Missionary Societies, give opportunity for every member to do some definite work. In addition to the work connected with the church, they aid in main- taining a Foreign Station at Dumaguete, P. I., and two missions in the city, “Bethany” on State Avenue and another at Riverside. S. D. Webb, Superintendent of the Girls’ Industrial Home, Delaware, Ohio, was born on the 26th of April, 1865, in Columbia Township, Meigs County, Ohio, and is the son of David L. Webb and Elizabeth Shirkey Webb, nati\-es of West Virginia and Ohio, respecti\el>-. The father was one of the leading farmers of Meigs County. Mr. Webb’s great-grand- father, Homer W’ebb, emigrated from Clarksburg, W. \’a., to Meigs County, (Jhio, in 1843, when Da\ id L. was six years old. He settled in Columbia Township, in that county, where the forest was unbroken and there David L. W ebb was reared on a farm to man- hood, and taught industry and economy, which proved to be the secret of his success in after years. Mr. S. L). W’ebb’s mother, Elizabeth Shirkey, was of Irish parentage, and the loss of her parents in early years caused her to know at a young age the struggles incident to human life. Born with a sturdiness of body and character, a splendid foundation was easily laid for her great work in bringing to useful manhood and womanhood a family of seven boys and one girl. Mr. S. D. W ebb recei\'ed his education in the public schools in the rural districts; at W41kes\'ille Academy, W ilkesville, Ohio, and in \’arious other Normal Schools. He never received a degree from any institution of learning, but, before he was twenty years old he had been granted first grade teachers’ certificates from several counties in Ohio, oftentimes secruiting almost perfect grades in main- of the highes as well as in all of the common branches. Mr. Webb started in public life at the age of sixteen years as cotmtry school teacher, and continued in that capacity for nine years, during which time he lived on a farm and followed that A'oeation also, in connection with his school work. Later he was Superintendent of public schools, for two years, at Dexter, Ohio, and for four years at Albany, S, D. WKBB. 1158 THE BOOK OF OHIO. ()l)io. lie also was ( a-nc-ral AgvnI for 'I'lio Jarorki ( 'hemical (’onipany, ('incinnati, ( )hio. At present he is interested in the telephone lai>iiifss in Athens and Meigs ('ounties, Ohio. Mr. Wh'hh has Ix'cn a lifelong Democrat. Since 1900 he has been a member of the .\thens (‘oimi\- Hoard of Klections, and, in IbUS, he was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Denver. In 1890 he w', Meigs Cotmty, Ohio. Paul E. Werner, I'ounder, President and General Manager of the world-tamous Werner Company, at Akron, Ohio, book mamifacttirers, lithographers, printers and engrav'ers, is a self- made man in the fullest sense of the W'ord. He is a native of Wuertemlierg, (lermany, and was born in 1850. He received his edtication in his native country until he was sexenteen yc'ars of age, when he emigrated to the United States, settling in Akron, Ohio, where he has resided ex'er since. Upon coming to Akron, he was employed in clerical positions with different btisiness firms, in the meantime preparing himself and laying the foundations for a liusiness of his own. In 1874 he purchased the Akron Germania, and in four >'ears had made such progress that he felt justified in enlarging his scope of opera- tions, in 1878, founding the Sunday Gazette, and also the Akron Tribune, daily and weekly. 'I'he management of all these journals he kept in his own hands until 1884. Pressure of other btisiness then indticed Mr. Werner to dispose of his newspajters, and he then turned his entire attention to general printing, binding and engraving. In 1888, Mr. Werner organized a stock company which was the forerunner of the present great book factory, which represents in a sjiecial degree the development of the ideas and the persevering industry and foresight of its founder. Among the many prospering enterprises of Akron, texv are more widely known, and still few’er are of ecpial importance for that section of the state than the W’erner Comixany. It is by far the largest and most complete book factm'y on the American continent, and comprises under one roof, so to speak, and under one management, all the graphic arts and trades. It furnishes, directly and indirectly, the material means of livelihood for from 40(M) to 50()0 inhabitants of Akron. In order to form an idea of the magnitude of this great industry, the following will be of interest: During the last \'ear the company jitirchased and received raw material and shipped finished products representing the full capacity of 1,250 railroad cars. 4'he jiroducts included more than 3, ()()(),()()() of large books, more than 15, 000, 000 of large and finely illustrated catalogiu's, ma(h‘ from the largest manulacturing concerns of this cotmtry, and many millions of other printed, lithographed and engra\-ed articles. If the books alone which were manufacttired by the Werner Company last year were laid on one pile, one on toj) of the other, this pile wotild retich one hundred miles into the air. While the princi])al product of this factory is books, the W(‘rner Company has a world-wide re|)utalion tor furnishing fine commercial work (d any description in the line of printing, litho- graphing and engraxing. President Haul E. Werner has also numerous other interests in Akron and Summit County and for many xi'ars has been xxidely knoxvn as a ])tiblic-si)irited, iKitriotic citizen. Among other things, he btiilt the beatitiful Music Hall at Akron, with its famous 812, ()()() organ. On the 22nd of I'ebruary, 1873, Mr. Werner xxms marric'd to Miss Lucy Anna Denaple, xxdio died in 1900. 4'hree sons xxx're' born to them; Ixdxx'ard, the oldest, is the General Su]K'rintendent of 4'he Werner Company; Frank is a ])ortrait painter xxilh a studio, at Chicago, Ills.; at ])resent Richard is in charge of the' Sales Dei)artment of The WT'rner Company. All except Frank reside ;it Akron, ( )hio. I'rank Bestow Wiborg, ( )1 Cincinnati, ( )hio, is a leaditig retired bttsiness man of the Queen City. His bttsiness career idetitilied hitn xxith the important ititerests of that city. It was through his strict bitsiiu-ss integritx', ability and aetttnen that he xvon an enviable position in the business xx'orld. 4 he sttbject of this sketch xvas born in Clex'eland, Ohio, about fifty-four years ago. On his father’s side Mr. Wiborg is of Norxx'egiati descent, xx'hile his mother xvas an American. His whole life practically has beeti jtassed iti ( )hio, the greater part In Cincinnati. In 1908, Mr. Wiborg retired from actix’e business life. Mr. W4borg, through his long success! ul business career has ac(|uired a busitiess accptaintance so e.xtensive that it is tiational iti character. Mr. Wiborg has taken an active interest in jxolitics as a busitiess tnati should. 1 h* nexer sought office from the hands of the Republican jiarty, to xv'hich he is a dexoted adheretit, but has gixen freely of his time and support to Its interests. Mr. Wiborg Is greatlx’ itUerested in the xx'ork of the National ('otmcil of Commerce, atid has dotie tnuch to protnote this orgatiization. He is fraternally spirited and lielongs to the lolloxxitig orgatiizatiotis:' 4'he Clncitinati Chamber of Cotnmerce, Director of the Business Meti’s (4ttb, is a Gox’ernor of the Queen City Club, the Secretary of the Cincin- tiati ( '.x nmasium atid Athletic Association, Cincinnati ('ountry Club, a Director of the Cincinnati Musical Festixal Association and a member of the Optimist Clul) and other s( icii'ties. In the early jiart of 1901, Mr. Wiborg xvent to Sotith America for his firm, the Ault has taken a deep interest in the Ohio Nati(mal Guards, lia\lng been a Captain of the First Regiment, Ohio National Guards. On the 24th of November, 187(1, he was married to Miss Margareth Sine. Two daughters haw blessed their union. Mrs. William Dale, of Cleveland, Ohio, and Mrs. Dr. W1 L. Milner. Colonel Wing’s factories are located in Kalamazoo, Mich. His Cincinnati offices are in the Fourth National Bank Building. John W, Worst, One of the leading business men of hrcn ont, ( )hio, a prominent member of the Sandusky County Bar, and former member of the law firm of Meek, Dudrow & Worst, was born on the 3rd of September, 1847, in Belh ille Township, Sandusky County, Ohio, and is the son of Jacob and Hanna Park WTrst. His father was a veteran of the Mexican and Civil Wlrrs, having fought under Zachary Taylor in Mexico, and under General Grant on the battlefields of the South. He was killed in action in the battle of Shiloh, on the (ith of April, 18(32. On his father’s side, Mr. Worst is of German origin. His mother was of Scotch-Irish and of English descent. Mr. Worst was reared on a farm and obtained his early education in the public schods. He began teaching before he graduated from the Fremont High School, after which he continued to teach and study law. Later he was appointed Superintendent of the Green Spring, Seneca County Schools, and at Elmore, Ottawa County, serving two years in Green Spring and eight years in Elmore. In 1882 he was appointed School Examiner, holding that position for three years. In 1887 he was elected County Clerk of Sandusky County, serving for a term of si.x years. Upon his retirement from office, Air. Worst devoted himself to the manufacturing business, and also completed his law course. He was admitted to the bar in 1894, when he took up the jrractice of his profession. After a period of four years. Air. Worst abandoned the law practice and de^•oted himself entirely to his extensive business aff'airs, and became active in the building of railroads in Southern Missouri. In 1902 he sold out his railroad interests t(; the Frisco System. Air. W’orst is interested in manv financial and business enterprises in Northern Ohio. He is interested in the manufacture of barrels, at Clyde, Ohio; the Clvde Produce Company; the Fremont Salesbook Company; the Donald Oil & Gas Company, and also has an extensi\’e stock farm. In 1872 Air. Worst was married to Aliss Calista S. Long. Three children were born to them. Air. Worst is a faithful Democrat. In 1908 he was a prominent candidate for the nomination for Congress in the Thirteenth Ohio District. Air. Worst resides at Fremont, Ohio. Alexander Bryden Young, A prominent business man of Kent, ( )hio, and Superintendent of The Kent Water and Light Company, was born on the 11th of July, 1849, at Carbondale, Pennsyhania. His parents were William and Elizaljeth A’oung, natives of Scotland, who had emigrated to the United States in 1843. Air. A'oung recei\ed his education in the hard school of life, he being forced, at an earh’ age, to earn his li\dng in the anthracite mines of the Penn- syhania ( oal Company. Later he learned the trade ol a moulder, being engaged in that business until 188(3, when the plant of the Kent Water and Light Company was erected, of which he liecame Superintendent. In politics. Air. A’oung has always been a staunch Republican. In 1908 he was a member ot the Ohio Electoral College which cast the ( )hio \ ote for President William 1 1. I'aft. Socialh', he is a member (jf the Alasonic Order, a Knight Templar and a Noble of the Alystic Shrine. On the 19th of Alarch, 1872, he was married to Aliss AIar\- F. Newlierry. Se\en children. Alary E., James F., 01i\’er IT, Irene S., Harry A., W illiam C. and Rcjbert II. A'oung ha\'e been the fruit ot their marriage. The famih' reside at 227 Prospect Stri'et, Kent, ()hio. Edmund H. Zurhorst, Sandusky, Ohio, one of the best known citizens in Northern Ohio, is a self made man in the fullest sense of the word. He has risen from comparati\-e obscurity to a place of prominence, both in the industrial and political circles of the State of Ohio. The city of Sandusky owes much to him on account of his connection with her business interests, and is indebted to him for much he has done in her behalf, as an alert and public-spirited citizen. A nati\-e of the beautiful city of Alontreal, Canada, Air. Zurhorst was born on A. B. YC C. B. WING. THE BOOK OF OHIO. I HiO the 18tli of June, 1845. His father, William If. Zurhorst, was a native of London, Knjiland, where he remained until mitllife and then came to America, taking up his abode in Montreal, and later, in 1841), in Sandusky. In that city he became engaged in the manufacturing of upholstered goods. His son, Edmund H. Zurhorst, obtained his edu- cation in the jtublic schools of Sandusky, but had to abandon his studies in the high school in order to assume the stern responsibilities of life, while yet a mere boy. At the age of fourteen > ears he adoirted a seafaring life, securing employment on boats plying the great lakes. One >ear later he shipped before the mast across the ocean. When he attained the age of nineteen, during the Ci\’il W’ar, he enlisted in the United States Navy and did comstant duty in the cause f)l his country. Acting as a seaman for a time, he was after- wards detailed as surgeon steward. After the close of the war, Mr. Zurhorst rettirned to the Oreat Lakes, and eventually he built and became managing owner and operator of two steamers which he utilized in traffic on the lakes. Prosperity seemed to attend his <.4Torts from the start, and in time he Ijegan to secure recognition as one of the able and ])rogressi\’e business men of Sandusky. He became interested to a large extent in the Marblehead Lime ('ompany, one of the most extensive concerns of its kind in the I nion. 1 le disposed of his interest in it in 1887. Mr. Zurhorst was also one of the chief ])romoters l)iriteil to a i)ron()unced degree. He has been an indefatiguable i)romoter of the public improvements, and it may be said that to him moix' than to an\' other, was due the ])rojection and coni])letion of the Sandusky Shortline Railway, a part of the now Pennsylvania Railroad. In this connection he made many ])ersonal sacrifices in order that the city might reaj) the advantages to be gained through llu' medium of this now important a\’enue of commerce. A stalwart Republican all his mature life, Mr. Zurhorst has long been recognized as one of the most acti\’e and eilectix'e workers in the party cause, ever loyal to his friends, and is known as a warm per- sonal friend and admirer of the late Senator Marcus A. Hanna. As an opponent he is fair, open and outspoken; as a politician he is shrewd, able and aggressi\'c. Prior to his position as Collector of Customs at the port of Sandusky, he was Assistant United States Weigher in the New 5'ork Custom House, under the administration of President Arthur, and Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue for the 4\‘uth District of ( )hio at a later date. He also served his party as a Delegate to important conventions, and as Chairman of the Republican Count\' Central Committee. Socially, Mr. Zurhorst is a 32nd degree Mason, Scottish Rite ; a member of all the bodies of the \’ork Rite, up to and including the commandery of Knights Templar, a Noble of the Mystic Shrine and an Elk. On the 23rd of Sei)tember, 1874, Mr. Zurhorst was married to Aliss Hattie W. Keech, daughter of the late Mr. C. C. Keech, who was one of the pioneers aiul prominent business men f)t Sandusky. She entered into eternal rest on the 29th of January, 1890, leaving three children. ()iu‘ son, William K. Zurhorst, died on the 28th of October, 1902, from disabilities contracted as a member of Company B, Sixth Ohio X’ohmteer Infantry, in Cuba, during the Spanish-American War. In the spring of 1904 Mr. Zurhorst resigned his position as Col- lector of Customs and retired into private and business life. .losiah Benton Allen, Of Athens, Ohio, one of tlu‘ best known Rejuiblicans in his part of the state, was born in Harrison County, Ohio, on the 14th of July, 1842, and came to Athens County, with his l)arents, when ((iiite x’oung. He attended the common schools and afterwards the De- Camp Institute, at Pagetown, till the lireaking (jut of the Civil War, when he enlisted as a |)ri\ate in ComiJany C., Thirtieth Ohicj Volunteer Infantry, on the 4th of July, 1891. With his company he jjarticipated in the battles of Carnifex Eerry, Second Bull Run, Centrc\ille, South Mountain, Antietam, Haine's Bluff, Champion Hill, Vicksburg and othei>. .\t X'icksburg, while leading his comijany as Sergeant, he received a wound that cost him his left arm. An amijutation was found necessary. Being unfitted for further military service, he was honorably dis- ' ^ charged in 1894. Returning to Athens, he entered the Ohio University, where he continued his studies till the close of the college year, in 1899. In the fall ol 1897, he was elected to the office of County Recorder of Athens County, on the Re- publican ticket, which office he continued to hold for twelve consecutive years. In 1 tecember, 1880, he was apijointed Re- cording Clerk in the office of Secretary of State, Townsend, at Columbus, con- tinuing until January, 1883. He was suljseciuently chosen Sergeant-at-Arms of the House of Representatives. He finally served three terms as Clerk of the Supreme Court of Ohio. At the c.x]jiration of his third term of office he retired to jirivate life. He resides at Athens, Ohio. J. B. ALLBN. W. .A. ALSDOirp. Walter A. Alsdorf, Of Johnstown, Licking C'ounty, was liorn at Utica, that cotmty, June 18, 1899; he comes from Knickerbocker stock, his ancestors coming to this country in 1739 and settling in Newberg on the Hudson River; his grandfather, Walliam Alsdorf, came to Licking County, Ohio, in 1834. Senator Alsdorf received his education in the common schools of his THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1161 native town and at Obcrlin College and \\’ooster University; in 1888 he went to Iowa, and for a time engaged in the lumber business at Sioux City, later following the business of railroad contracting which took him with surveying parties all through the northwest. Remo^■ing to New York City, in 1894, he became Vice-President of the Hudson River Stone Supply Company, with which company he was connected until 1899, when he returned to Ohio and settling at Johnstown, engaged in the grain business with his father, under the hrm name of J. R. Alsdorf and Son, and the firm now owns several grain ele\-ators. Senator Alsdorf is a member of the Mastms, Knights of Pythias, Elks and Order of the Eastern Star, and while at college belonged to the Delta Tau Delta Fraternity; is a member of the M. E. Church, and in 1889, married Miss Frances T. Pollock, of Utica, Ohio, who died in 1897. In 19UU he was married to Miss Frances F. Lewis, of Shawnee, Ohio. He was elected to the Senate of the Se\’enty-Fighth General Assembly as a Democrat, by a plurality of 1920, in a district normalK- Republican. Senator Alsdorf has made a stud\- of the taxation laws of the state and is a member of the committee appointed by the Senate to compile those laws and report at the next session. Carl C. Anderson, Member of Congress from the Thirteenth Ohio District, and one of the prominent business men of that city, is a native of the Buck- eye State, born on the 2nd of December, 1877, at Bluffton, the son of John J. and Mary L. .Anderson. He obtained his education in the public schools of Fremont, Ohio, but at the early age of eleven years was forced to take up the struggle for his existence b\- selling newsi^apers and shining shoes. After he grew up he became Freight Agent of the L. E. & W R. R. and later served a number of years as traveling salesman. Now he is prominently connected with the business interests of Fostoria. Mr. Anderson has always been a staunch follower of the doctrines of the Democratic party. In 1905, and again in 1907, he was honored by his party with the nomination and election to the highest office in the gift of the people of Fostoria, being the youngest Mayor e\’er elected in that city, and the second Democratic Mayor elected in thirty years. He is immensely popular in his home city and district, and, in 1908 and 1910, he was elected to the office of Congressman in the Thirteenth Ohio District. Mr. .Anderson belongs to the follow- ing organizations; Masons; Fremont; K. O. T. AI., Fostoria; Knights Templar, Fos- toria; Mystic Shrine, Toledo, Ohio; K. of P., Fostoria; B. P. O. E., Fostoria; Owls, hos- toria; Modern Woodmen of America; Sherman Tent Maccabees, hostoria; Halcyon Club, and also Eagles and Moose; Fremont; United Commercial Travelers and Com- mercial Travelers Association. He also is Pre.sident of the hostoria Board of Trade. Since the 17th of Sejitember, 1904, he is married. Congressman Anderson resides at 347 West Tiffin Street, Fostoria, Ohio. John M. Ankele, Former Alayor of the pretty city of Newark, (thio.. was born January 7th, 1872, at Newark, and is the son of Charles Ankele, a tobacconist, and Rosa Engel .Ankele, both natives of Wuertemberg, Germany. The parents emigrated to the hmited States in 1865 and 1870, respectively, settling in Newark. Mayor .Ankele was educated in the Newark common and high schools. He entered business life at the age of fifteen years, c. c. .^NDE^RSON. learning the barber trade, in which he remained tor a period of nine years. He then became a salesman for the National Biscuit Company, and, in 1905, engaged in the real estate business. Alayor .Ankele has always been a stalwart Republican. In 1909 he was elected President of the Newark City Council, being the only Republican elected on the ticket. Upon the resignation of Alayor Herbert .Atherton, on the 12th of July, 1910, Air. .Ankele succeeded him in office. Socially, he is a K. of P. and a member oi the Royal .Arcanum. Alayor .Ankele has been married twice. On the 25th of .Aindl, 1893, he was united in marriage to Aliss Josie Alay Flory. Airs. .Ankele died in 1905, lea^■ing three children, two sons and one daughter. On the 26th of October, 11*07, Alayor .Ankele entered into a second marriage with Aliss Alinna Ellis, from Newark. I he famih- reside at 240 West Church Street, Newark, Ohio. Ferdinand Bader, Former Superintendent of the C'incinnati Workhouse, was born November 25th, 18(i7, in Cincinnati. His parents, Air. Ferdinand Bader, who was Deputy Superintendent of the Fay & Egan Company, and Airs. Christine Geisler Bader, were natives of Germany, having emigrated to the Ibrited States early in the sixties. Air. Ferdinand Bader ob- tained his education in the imblic schools of Cincinnati and through jmivate instruction. He started in business life as an office boy with Air. W. W. Scarborough; later he learned the machinist's trade with his father, in which ^-ocation he remained until 1892, when he entered the contracting business. On account of failing health he was obliged to dis- continue as a contractor, and, in 1897, he embarked in the jobbing business. Two years later, in 1899, Air. Bader was appointed a Deputy in the Probate Court of Hamil- ton County, having charge of the marriage license and naturalization department. This position he filled until 1908, when he was appointed to the position of Superintendent of the Cincinnati Workhouse. Air. Bader has always been a faithful Repulilican and has worked hard m the interest of his part\ . He has ser\cd on the campaign and executive committees and was a Delegate to numerous county and state con\entions. SocialK , he is a mcmlier of the Blaine C lub, the Stamina Republican League, the “Time Cluli” of Cincinnati, the K. of P., J. O. U. .A. AI., and of the Alasomc Fraternity m its various branches. On the 11th of October, 1899, he was married to Aliss Elizabeth Becker. Two sons and one daughter have been the issue of their union. J. M. ANKELE. Jl()2 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Frank Ellison Baxter, Siijjcrintt'iuk'nl of Banks of the Stale of Ohio, and a prominent Banker of Lima, Ohio, was horn on the hOth of July, 18(18, at Lima, Allen County, Ohio, and is the son of Samuel A. Baxter and Oehorah Kllison Baxter, both natives of Ohio. Mr. Frank E. Baxter’s father was a surgeon in the Lnion Army during the War of the Rebellion. After the war he returned to Lima, his nati\'e eity, and became one of the most important factors in the business world of that place. He estaltlished the ('ity Bank and the Commercial Bank of Lima, and, for .se\’cnleen years, was President of the First National Bank of that cit\. He built the Lima C'ar Works and built and owned the Lima Gas Light Comimin- and the Lima Natural Gas (h)ni])any. He also was Mayor of the city of Lima. Mr. I'rank F. Baxter received a thorough education in the Lima public schools and at the ()xford, ( )hio, Miami Cniwrsity. Ui)on lea\ ing cf)llege he began his business career with the I'irst National Bank of Lima, Ohio, as Collector. Later he filled the position of Cashier in d'he Commercial Bank ol Lima, for a j)criod of thirteen years. Mr. Baxter has been a staunch Democrat all his mature life. On the 5th of April, 1909, he was a])pointed State Bank Examiner, and since the 5th of July, 1910, he holds the office of SuiH'rintendent ot Banks of the State of Ohio, being appointed to that position by Gover- nor Harmon. Socially, Mr. Baxter is a member of the Masonic Order; of the Elks (Past Exalted Ruler of the latter) and of the Loyal Legion. On the 8th of November, 1905, he was married to Miss Lima Burton. I .una, ( )hio. Fwo children, Helen and Samuel Alc.x- ander Baxter were Irorn to them. Mr. Baxter resides at 1021 West High Street, ( )lho. His ollii'i's arc' located at the Central National Bank Building, Columbus, .\lvin . lieatty, I )eput\’ .\uditor ol St.ile ol ( )|iio, was born on the Kith of June, 180(1, on a farm in Bel- mont ( onntN', ()hio, the son ol William H('nr\- Beatt\' and Mary Miller Beatty, natives ot PennsyK .mia and ( )lho, res|)ccl i\ c'ly. d'he lather was a soldier in the Lnion Army during the W ,ir ol the Kebellion, ha\ ing enlisted in the ( )ne Hundred and Eighty-hifth ( )hio \ ohmieer Inlantry. Mr. A. \\ . Beatty recei\cd his education in the country schools ,md arty faithfully - President Taft. He is a Mason, an Elk and a K. of P. John Mitchell Bingham, Colonel and Assistant Ouartermaster Cicneral ot Ohio, Columbus, Ohio, was born on the 17th (T September, 1805, in Harrisburg, Pennsvlvania. His lather, John AL Bingham, was a native of Pennsylvania, while his mother, Mina Becker Bingham, was born in ( .ermaiu', having emigrated to the United States with her [veople in 1845. Air. Bingham’s great grandfather, Thomas Bingham, came to America from Ireland in the early part of the nineteenth century and was a soldier in the ITnnsylvania contingent in the War of 1812. After the war he settled in Annville, Pa., He had one daughter and six sons. Air. Thomas Bingham, the grand lather, was one of the members of the Cfjmpany that operated the C'anal from Idiiladeli)hia to Pittsburg. When the Canal was aban- doiK'd he (.'iigaged in the Express business which was later absorbed li}' the Adams Express C'ompany. Air. John AT Bingham was educaterl in the public schools ot Tiddonte, Pa. At the age of fifteen years he started in busine.ss life in the general merchan- dise store of Baker N Co., at W’est Newton, IM. Later he was Chief Clerk in the Motive Power Department of the C., H. & D. R>'., at Lima;( hief C lerk of the same Railroad at Lima, and Auditor of the National Roofing Tile Company, of thesamecity, in which he is still a stockholder. He also is a stockholder of the Crystal Ice Co., at Lima. Air. Bingham has always lieen a faithful Democrat and has rendererl his party valuable services. On the 11th of January, 1909, he was ap]rointed C'hief C'lerk in the Adjutant ( .eneral s office at Columbus, by General WT^direcht, and Assistant Quartermaster General in 1911. For many years Air. Bingham has been connected with the Ohio National Guard. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1163 Mis record in that organization is as follows; Mustered in as a Private in Company C., Second Infantry, Ohio National Guards, on the 29th of March, 1888; C orporal, 1891; Sergeant, 1892; Second Lieutenant, Company C., June 1.3th, 1892; recommissioned June loth, 1897; discharged, Ajiril, 1899; Captain and Adjutant, Second Infantry, December, 1899; resigned June 1st, 1903; reajipointed the same, June 20th, 1903; commissioned Captain of Infantry, Ohio National Guartls, July 17th, 1908, rank from June 20th, 1903, to conform with (i. O. No. 22, A. (i. I)., July 13th, 1908; assigned to Second Inlantry, Ohio National Guards, per Par. 10 S. ()., 133 A. G. D., August 2,5th, 1908; assigned to duty as regimental adjutant per H. A. 10, headquarters Second Infantry, Ohio National Guards, December 19th, 1908. During the War with Spain, Captain Bingham ser\ed as Second Lieutenant with Company C., Second Ohio \ ohmteer Infantry, from the 10th of May, 1898, until mustered out on the 10th of Februarv, 1899. Socialh’, C'aptain Bingham is a member of the Elks; Knights of St. John; Knights of Columbus; Spanish War \Eterans; Sons of the American Re\’olution and the IMilitary Order of the Serpent. He was married to Aliss Catherine Lawler, of Lima, Ohio, on the 3rd of October, 1899. Two children, Charles Dolle Bingham and John Thomas Bingham were born to them. •losepli Torrence Blair, Former Recorder of Hamilton County, Ohio, was born October 20th, 18.52, at Cincin- nati, Ohio, the son of John M. Blair and Eliza Taylor Blair. His father was engaged in the brick contracting business, from 1827 until 1883, the time of his death, in C'incinnati, also in the manufacture of brick. Almost every large building in the business part of Cincinnati, has the Blair brick in its construction. Mr. Jos. T. Blair received his educa- tion in the public schools of (dneinnati. When eighteen years of age he entered into business life as clerk in the Union Fire Insurance C'ompany, 66 WTst Third Street, Cin- cinnati. Three years later, when twenty-one years old, Mr. Blair was elected Secretarv of the company, remaining in that position until 1883, when his father died. He then entered the brick manufacturing business in connection with his Imothers, C'aptain J. Milton and'Burr W’. Blair. Mr. Blair has always been a faithful Republican, serving his party in any capacity when called upon. He was appointed C'hief C'lerk of the City Water Works, and was elected and ser\-ed for four years as a member of the Board of Control of Hamilton County. In November, 1906, he was elected Recorder of Hamil- ton, and at the expiration of his first term in that office, having rendered faithful and dis- tinct service to the peojjle in general, he was elected to a second term, in November, 1908. He has held the office of Secretary of the Young Men’s Mercantile Liljrary, at Cincinnati, and was Vice-President of the famous d'oung Men’s Blaine C'lub. Mr. Blair is a public-spirited citizen and has a host of friends. He was married to Miss Kloise W'right Barringer, on the 24th of September, 1879. Two children, John Taylor and Mrs. Colbuon S. Foulds have l)een the fruit of their union. Mr. Blair’s residence is located at 479 Mitchell Ave., A\'ondale, Cincinnati, Ohio. L bl.air Montello Eugene Blystone, Forecaster of the United States W'eather Bureau, Milwaukee, Wis., was born on the 9th of July, 1863, in Wnaugo, Crawforrl Couniv, PennsyKania. His parents, Josej^h Blystone and Mary Peiffer Blystone, were nati\-es of Pennsyh’ania. The father was engaged in the mercantile business and manufacturing. Mr. Blystone was educated in the \'enaug{) \illage school and at Alleghenv College, Meadville, Pa., graduating trom the latter in 1887, with the degree of A. B. He started in public life at the age of twent\’-four \-ears as a teacher, continuing in that profession for the period of three years. In 1890 he accepted a ])osition in the United States Weather Bureau, and since that time has been connected with the same. In politics, Mr. Blystone has independent \ iews. Sociallv, he is connected with the Masonic Order and the Phi Kappa Psi College Fraternity. On the 27th of October, 1902, he was married to Miss Lillian Rull, of S]U'ingfield, Ills. Two children have blessed their union, Montello Eugene Blystone, Jr. and Margaret Hull Blystone. Air. Blystone’s offices are located in the Federal Building, Milwaukee, Wis. Willis G. Bowland, Of Columbus, Ohio, Collector of Internal Revenue, Is a self made man in the fullest term of the word. The story of his career travels all the way from that of a newsboy to political leadership and a business man connected with some of the largest enterprises of Co- lumbus. He was born in \'an Wert, ( )hIo, on the first ot May, 1853. His lather, Milton J. Bowland, was a native of ()hio and serx'ed as surgeon general of the Department of West A’irginia during the War of the Rebellion, dying In the service. A’oung Bowland came to Columbus with his parents when but eight years old, and his first service, while trying to secure an education in the public schools of the country, was as a paper carrier. He showed aptitude for the work of an accountant, and after his graduation from school made It his life work, being connected at various times with some of the largest houses of the Ca]tital City of Ohio. In Re])ublican politics, Mr. Bowland has been most acti^•e and ]U'ominent. He was nominated and elected twice Treasurer of Franklin County, resigning this post a year before the e.xpiration ot his last term, on account ot other business duties. I n Alay, 1908, he was aitpointed by the State Department at Washington an Inspector of American Consulates in Europe, which important mission he undertook with a view of benefitting his health. In the earl\- summer, 1909, President Taft appointed Air. Bowland Collector of Internal Revenue. Air. Bowland is a member of the Buckeye Republican Chib, and in the last decade has been one of the acti\’e and potential factors in the partv organization In Franklin County, being at the head of the cotmty executive committee in a number of campaigns, and always one of the leaders in his political organization. Walter S. Bradford, Assistant Postmaster of Alansficld, Ohio, was born on the 22nd of October, 1872, at Alansfield, and is the son of Walter S. Brad- ford, Sr., a prominent attorney and a native of ( )hio. He was a Captain In the ('i^•il W’ar, ser\ ing in the Second ()hio Hea\ >- Artil- lery. He died on the 30th of fulv, 1900. Air. Bradford’s mother, Amanda J. Day Bradford, was born In Richland Cotmt\-, Ohio. Mr. Bradford was educated in the public schools of his nati\ e county and in a business college. Upon lea\'ing the latter, he entered, for one year, the photographing business, and then accepted a position with the Union News Compan\- at the Union Depot in Alans- field, in which he remained until the fall of 1893. From 1893 to 1896 he read law in his father's office, but interrupted his studies lUj4 THE BOOK OF OHIO. in the latter \-ear, when, witli a companion, he started for ('ulia to join a filibustering expedition. Missing that expedition, he spent the winter in h'lorida. In March, 1S1»7, lu‘ went to St . Peterslnirg, Fla., and made futile attempts to reach Cuba to join the insurgents. ,\ot ha\ing an op])ort unit\- to do so, he returned to .Mansfield and entered the insurance business. Uj)on the breaking out of the Spanish-American War, Mr. bradford, on the loth of May, 1898, mustered into the United States Army and served as Second Lieu- tenant until .\o\cmber, bSlIS, doing dut\- in Santiago, Cuba. He was mustered out in November, 1898, and returned to Mansfield, where he again became engaged in the insurance business. In May, 1902, Mr. Bradford went West and spent five months prospecting in the Cascade .Mountains, lie afterwards became a commercial traveler for a Seattle firm. Returning to Mansfield in January, 1902, he again became engaged in tlu‘ insurance- field, remaining in the business until 1904. Ho then entered the cigar Inisiness and opened a store in the i)rincipal part of the- city. Mr. Bradford has always been a staunch Republican. In November, 1907, he w.is elected Cit\' .\uditor. When Dr. Beiu-dict tejok charge of the olfice of Postmaster of Mansfield, in May, 1910, he appointed Mr. Bradford his assistant. Mr. Bradford has always taken a great interest in the affairs of the Ohio National Guard. In 1893 he enlisted as a Pri\ate in Coinpaiu’ M., Ifighth Ohio National Guards; he was promoted (’orporal in 1895; Sergeant in 1890, and Second l.ii-utenaiu in Januar\’, 1S9S. .After being mustered out of the United States Army seiwice, upon the conclusion of the Spanish- .\rnerican War, Mr. Bradford ri'-entered the Fighth ( )hio, with the rank of First Lieutenant, and in 1900, was apjrointed Captain. He roigiu'd when going Wi-st, but rejoined as Captain in March, 1903. Socially, Mr. Bradford is a Mason, a K. of P., Eagle, a member of tlu- Spanish W'.ir \'eterans and ol the Sous of VA-terans. On the 29th ot June, 1904, Ca])tain Bradford was married to Miss Doris ( 'iriHilh, at Jerome\'ille, ( )hio. William Francis Brennan, hornu-r Ma\'or of the cit\- of Xenia, ()hio, is a native ot Dayton, Ohio, Ijorn June 19th, 1808, the son d Thomas Brennan, a tailor, and Mar\' Brod\- Brennan, nati\('^ of Irc-land. He received his education in the public and |)arochial schools of Xenia. .Alter lea\ ing school he identified him.selt with the |)rinting busiiu-ss, and in that capacity has been connected with the Xenia Gazette lor a iH-riod of sex'enteen X'cars. He is A'ice-President of the Peo])les Building and Sav- ings Com|)aiu' of Xenia. Ma\'or Brennan has alwa\'s been a good and faithtul follower of the doctrines of the Rei)ublican ])arty. He entered into jiublic life at the age of thirty- three wars, when in 1903, he was elected President of the Xenia C'ity Council. Two \vars lati-r he- was elected to the j'losiiion ot Ma>'or ol Xenia, ha\ ing been re- elected in 1907. Ma\'or Brennan is known all o\er ()hio as a clean and honest (jfficial who enforc(‘s the- laws of the statutes without fear or fa\’or. In religious belief he is a de\'out Catholic, and for more llum fifteen years has been alfiliated with the great Catholic 4'olal .Abstinence Union of .America. Papers from all over the country have commented fa\'orabl\- on his method ol gix’ing the i)ledge to those unfortunate fellows wlnr are brought befori- him charged with drunkeness, rather than ])unishing them. Socially, he is a mem- ber of the Knights ot Columbus. On the 21st ot June, 1888, he was married to A4iss Xora Breen. Six childivu, Paul .A., h'rederick [., William F., Jr., Charles E., Mary Catherine and Phili|), ha\e bU-ssed their union. Max'or Brennan's residence is located at i;i8 Wc-,t I'hird Street, Xenia, ( )hio. .loseph .A. Brown, l-'ormer Market Master of Cincinnati, ( )hio, ranks among the best known citizens of the (Jueen ('it\'. Ih- was born S(.'i)tember 17th, 1852, at Cumberland, Mcb, the 'son of . w. F. brennan. Harmon and Mar\- Brown, both natiws of Holland. Mr. Brown recei\ed his education at Allegheny Academy, Cumberland, Md., gr.uluating in iStlS. .After leaving school he came to Cincinnati, where he obtained a j^osit ion as traveling salesman. He then taught school for a few \ears at I iule])endence, Ky., after which he settled in Avondale, which at that time was an independent village, again acce|)ting the ])osition of traxeling salesman. In 1870, Air. Brown was elected Marshall of A\ondale, filling that position until 1S95, when the \illage was annexed to Cincinnati. Since then Mr. Brown has occupied a number of city offices and also has been engaged in the real estate business. He has been a faithful, active working Republican all his mature life, and has served his |iart\- in main’ capacities. SocialE’, he is a member of the Cincinnati Blaine Club and of the Masonic Fraternity, being a 32nd degree Mason and a Xoble of the Ahstic Shrine. In 1875, Mr. Brown was married to Miss AKina Buschmann. Three children, of whom two sur\ i\e, ha\e blessed their union. 4'he family reside at 740 Ridgway Acenue, Cincinnati, O. A. J. BUSCHER. Augustus Jerome Buscher, Deputy Inspector of Workshops, Factories and Public Buildings, with offices at the Hulbert Block, Cincinnati, was born on the 19th of July, 1852, at Cincinnati, Ohio. 1 1 is iather, Anthony Buscher, was a clothing cutter by trade, and a native of Hanno\ er, Germany, while his mother, Kathryn Schlebe Buscher, was born in Prussia. They emigrated to the new world in 1834 and 1833, respectively, settling in Cincinnati. Mr. Buscher obtained his education in parochial schools and at St. Xavier’s College. At the age of seventeen years he lett school and engaged in the painting and decorating business, in which he was engaged until June, 1909, when he was appointed to his present position. He is one of the charter members of Union No. 1, Cincinnati, and is now a member of Local No. 50, Painters, Decorators and Paper Hangers of America. In politics, Mr. Buscher is a staunch Democrat. He has been a Delegate to city, county and state con- ventions at various occasions. In 1907 he was appointed foreman of the Painters’ Britlge Department by Mr. Dannenhower, ser\ ing in that capacity during the Dempsey admin- istration. In 1898 and 1899 he was business agent for the painters and decorators ot Cincinnati, and at the same time filled the position with the Building Trades Council. Mr. Buscher has always been interested in the affairs of his co-laborers. He was a mem- ber of the Painters District Council and of the Buildings’ Trade Council of Cincinnati and vicinity. Socially, he is a member of the Duckworth Club. On the 30th ot August, 1882, he was married to Miss Anna Ewers. They atteml the Roman Catholic Church. Mr. Buscher resides at 730 Richmond Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1165 Joseph Perkins Byers, Superintendent of the House of Refuge, Randalls Island, N. Y., is a native Ohioan born on the 23rd of September, 1868, at Columbus, Ohio, the son of Albert Gal- latin Byers and Mary Abigal Rathbun. His father, who for many years was Sec- retarj- of the Ohio State Board of Char- ities, was born in Pennsylvania, while his mother was a native of the Buckeye State. Mr. Joseph P. Byers received a careful education in the Columbus puldic schools, the Columbus High School, and for two years at the Preparatory De- partment of the Ohio State Ihiiversity. He graduated from high school with the i class of 1887. At the age of nineteen years Mr. Byers started in public life as assistant to his father in the office of the Board of State Charities. He later be- came Secretary of that Board, Superin- tendent of the Indiana Reformatory, Warden of the Eastern State Peniten- tiary of Pennsylvania and General Secretary of the National Conference of Charities and Correction. Four years ago he was ap- pointed to his present position. Mr. Byers has always been a faithful Republican. He is proud of his nati\e state and is a member of the Ohio Society of New York and of the Ohio Society of Philadelphia. He also belongs to Harlem Lodge, F. & A. M. On the 3rd of March, 1888, he was married to Miss i\dah Virginia Millar. Two children, Andrew Millar and Elizabeth Millar Byers have been the fruit of their union. Mr. Byers belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church and is a member of Brad Street Church, Columbus, Ohio. He resides at Randalls Island, New York City. A, G. BYERS JOSEPH P. BYERS. Thomas L. Calvert, Secretary of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, is a man splendidly adapted for the position he holds. He is a Marylander by birth, being born on the 20th of December, 1858, at Georgetown, Maryland. His father, Thomas L. Calvert, was a farmer, and he as well as his wife Elizabeth Paist Calvert were natives of Pennsyh’ania, in which state they always resided with the exception of one year which was spent in Maryland, during which year their son Thomas L. was born. Young Calvert recei\’ed his education in the public schools. He came to Ohio alone, when eleven years old, his only opportunity to go to school being during the winter months. After he had worked on a farm for three }-ears for his board and clothes he returned home and for a term of two years attended a Friends Select school. The following two years he worked in a store at Brynmaur, Pa., and the next three years on a farm. In company with his brother, R. G. Calvert, he then purchased the general store and elevator at Selma, Ohio, going in debt to the amount of thirteen thousand, of which he had to pay seven per cent interest. Mr. Calvert saved enough money to go back to the farm, purchasing 125 acres of fine farm land in Clark County, where he lived since 1892 until he was elected to his present posi- tion. Mr. Calvert has been a staunch Republican all his life. He was a member of the State Board of Agriculture from 1898 to 1906, in which year he resigned to accept the Secretaryship of that body. He was Trustee of Madison Township, Clark County, from 1897 to 1906, and Treasurer of the Clark County Agricultural Society for a period of six years. He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias of the Grange. In religious belief he belongs to the Society of the Friends. On the fourteenth of June, ISSS, he was married to Miss Elta F. Warner. They have three children. Mr. CaLert re- sides in Columbus. 1. B. CAMERON. Isaac B. Cameron, One of the best known business men of Columbus, Ohio, was born on the 15th of June, 1851, in the city of Nairn, Scotland. When he was yet an infant, his widowed mother emigrated to America, to better her conditions and pro^■ide greater facilities for the education of her family, of which Isaac B. was the youngest of six, believing that in so doing she could afford them more abundant opportunities for success in life. Upon arriving in this country the family located on a farm in Jefferson County, a short dis- tance south of Salineville, removing thence about the year 1855 into the \ illage. Here the children of the family were raised. Young Cameron attended the public school there and graduated from the Iron City Business College in Pittsburg. At an early age he accepted a position as a bookkeeper for a local mercantile firm, where he remained until 1874. His business abilities soon advanced him to a partnership in the business, which was successfully conducted until 1880, when Mr. Cameron became the sole owner, after which the business continued to grow and prosper until 1893, when he was elected Treasurer of Columbiana County by the largest majority ever given to any candidate 1 J OG THE BOOK OF OHIO for an\’ olHcc in that coimtN’ tij) to that tiiiu'. lie wtis re-elected in ISDo. The business system he introduced and enforced during the fotir \-e.irs of his incninbenc\- in that ollice esttiblishcd a standard and created a model worthy the emulation of all public offices. When, in ISftS, the hirst Xa'ional Hank at Lisbon was declared to be insoK'ent, Mr. Cameron having but a short time previously retired from the office of Coimt\- Treasurer, was the unanimous choice alike of the creditors and stockholders for appointment as receiwr. In this work lu- was ear, during which time he brought order out of chaos. He succeeded in fixing the re>ponsibilit\- for the faihire of the bank, and also the books were miserably kept and outrageously falsified; he obtained iitdg- ments in ewr\ suit brought b\- liim, ha\ ing for its object the reco\er\' of funds belonging to the wrecked institution. On the 2nd of jime, ISflf), .Ml'. Cameron was nominated for the office of Treastirer of State, at the Republican State Convention, held at Colum- bus, ,md he was elected in .\o\'einber, IS',1!) by a large majorit\'. ha\ing seiwed with great (listinctif>n during his first term of (ifhce, .Mr. ('ameron, in lOOl, was re-nominated and re-elected lor ;i .second term, at the expiration of which he retired to ])rivate life, iK'coming eiig.iged in the bankin.g business at the Ctipital City. Mr. Cameron is a thirty-second degree Mason; a Knight I'empkir; , he xxas married to Miss Laura A. Irxxin. One son, Roy MacDonald Cameron, was born to tlu'in. .Mr. ( .mieroii residc's at Idd!) Hast Broad Street, Columbus, ( )hio. David Patrick (ioncannon, De])itty lns|)ector of WOrkshoixs, Lactories and Public Huildirtgs, at Cincinnati, is a man xxell known in labor circles of that city, lie xxas born on the f)th of May, 18(>8, at Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of John and Kllen C'oncannon, both natix’es of the Emerald Isle. Mr. John Concannon emigrated to the United States in ISfil, landing in New ( frleans, where, in the same year, he enlisted in the Union Army, serx'ing throughout the entire war. After the xvar he came to Cincinnati. Mr. David Patrick Concannon was educated in St. Patrick’s Parochial School on Third and Mill Streets, Cincinnati. At the age of sixteen years he was ajiprenticed to the xvoodxxa irking trade, xvith wdiich he is still connected, being a memlier of the Amalgamated Woodworkers. Mr. Concannon is a faithful Democrat and has .serxed his party in many cajxacities. He was a Delegate lo many City, Cmmty and Slate Conx’cntions, and for eight years has lieen connected xvith the County Kxecntix'e Committee. In bS',)7 he xvas elected a member of the City Council, representing the Sixteenth Ward in that body, from bSf)7 to 181)!). In June, 11)1)1), he xvas appointed to his iirescnt position by the State Workshop Inspector. Mr. t'oncannon is a Delegate lo Central Labor Council and a Delegate to the ( )hio F'erlcration of Labor, lie is a member of the Dnckxvorth Club, the W’olftone Club, Ancient Order of Hibernians, ( irattan Club, Commons Club, and at present fills the honorable position of President of the Associated Irish Associations. He also is a memlier of the Roman Catholic Chunh, He xvas married lo Miss Josephine Laxin, of C incinnati. Mr. C"on- cannon resides at 72!) West Second Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. His offices are in the Hul- bert Building, Cincinnati. Clayton Bond Conwell, M. D., Superinf endent of ihe ( )hio Slate Sanatorium at Mount V'ernon, ()hio, xvas Iwirn on the IDth of Sejitember, 187’), at Aurora, Dear- born Coiinly, Indiana, the .son of John Alfred and Llora Eliza Bond Conxvell, natix’es of the State of Indiana. Dr. Conxvell xx’as educated in llu' public schools at .Aurora, Indiana, and at the Aliami Medical College, C'incinnati, Ohio, from xvhich latter institution he graduated in IDDl, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, 'raking uii the iiractice of his chosen profession in C'incinnati, Dr. Conxvell became recognized as an authority on tubercnlons diseases, and filled the office of Medical Director of the C'ity Tubercul- osis Dispc'usarx’ of Cincinnati, ( )hio, under the C'incinnati Board of Health. W’hen the CJhio State Sanatorium xvas created, Dr. Conwell was aiipointed Sn]ierintendent of that institution by C'lox'ernor Harmon. Dr. C'onxvell is the author of various pamphlets relating to Tuberculosis. He is a member of the Cincinnati Academy of Aledicine, of the Masonic Fraternity, of the Independent ( )rder of Red Men, and Benex’okmt and Protectixe ( )rder of Elks. ( )n the 20th of July, P)f)4, Dr. Conxx'ell xvas married to Miss Sarah Whatelex' Jones. ( )ne child, Clax fon Whafelex’ C'onxvell, has been born to them. Dr. C'onxvell resides at the Ohio State Sana- torium, Mounf X’ernon, Ohio. James M. Clox, ( )1 Dax'lon, ()hio, Projiriefor and I’nblisher of the Dayton Nexws, and memlier of Congress from the 'I'hird Ohio District, xvas born on the a 1st of March, 1S70, in Jacksonburg, Butler C'ounty, Ohio, and is the son of (Gilbert and Eliza Cox. In the paternal line he comes of English .mcestrx’, xvhile from his mother he inherits the sturdy traits of the C'jerman race. Mr. Cox xvas reared on the home t.irm. He obtained his early education in the district schools of Jacksonburg and at the High School at Amanda, Ohio. After leax'ing school he secured a position in a jirinting office and began learning the trade, xvhich he later abandoned, hoxvex'er, to take up the xvork of leaching in the countrx’ schools. Subsequently he returned to the news])aiier held, becoming a rejiorter at Middle- loxvn, ()hio, and his talents soon xvon him a position on the editorial staff of the Cincinnati En([uirer. In 181)4 he accompanied the Hon. Paul J. Sorg to the Fifty-'l'hird ('ongress, to act as his Secretary. Returning from Washington, on the 15th of August, 1898, Mr. Cox became the oxvner and publisher of the Dayton Nexx's, xvhich he has made one of the foremost nexvspapers of Ohio. In 191)4 he aciiuired the Press Republic, of Springheld, Ohio, and changed its name to Daily New's, conducting both the Dayton and Springheld papers under xvhat is noxv knoxvn as the Nexvs League of Ohio. In 191)8, Mr. Co.x became a candidate for Congress in the I Idl’d ( )hio Congressional District, and in Nox’ember of that year, and again in 1912, xvas triumphantly elected. In 1912, he xx’as the candidate lor Cox’crnor of Ohio on the Democratic ticket. Edward A. Crawford, Slate Superintendent of Public Printing, C'olumbus, ( )hio, xvas born on the 28th of December, 1891, at W’est Union, Adams Countx’, ()hiii. Hi^ parents, 11. t'raxvford, a farmer, and Jane Wilson Craxvford, xvere both natix^es of Ohio, of Scotch-Irish ancestry. Air. ( rawford sjient his xouth on the farm he xvas born. Lie received his education in the Adams County pulilic schools and at Lebanon THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1167 University. After leaving school he joined the teaching profession, in which he remained for a period of ten years. In I89U he pur- chased The People's Defender, an influential Democratic Weekly at West Union, of which he became Editor, and which is still in his possession. Mr. Crawford has been a staunch Democrat all his mature life and has rendered valuable services to his party. He started upon his political career at the age of twenty-three years, when he was nominated Clerk of Adams County, but suffered defeat at the election. He was for a period of ten years a member of the Adams County Board of Election, and for three years a member of the Board of County School Examiners. For the last twenty years he has been a Delegate to all the Democratic Conven- tions of Adams County and the State Conventions of Ohio. In 1896 he was a delegate to the Democratic National Com-ention at Chicago which nominated William J. Biyan for the Presidency. He was Secretary of the Democratic State Executive Committee in 1890, and for three years was a member of the Democratic State Central Committee. Socially, Mr. Crawford is a Mason, a Knight Templar, an Elk, K. of P., and a Red Man. He resides at West Union (Jhio. His offices are located at the State Building, Columbus, Ohio. David Staley Creamer, Treasurer of the State of Ohio, is a native of Ohio, born on a farm in Mead Township, Belmont County, on September 3rd, 1858. He received his early education in the schools of his native county, after which he entered upon his business career. He has always been a staunch Democrat and has rendered his party and the people in general, valuable services. He has held many places in public trust and has always discharged them to the entire satisfaction of the people. In 1886 he was elected Town- ship Clerk of Mead Township, and was elected Recorder of Belmont County, 1892, although this is a strong Republican county. He served two terms as a member of the City Council of St. Clairsville, and labored untiringly for needed improvements and municipal progress. He was three times elected President of the Board of Managers of the Belmont County Agricultural Society. Mr. Creamer at one time was half owner of the St. Clairs\-ille Gazette, which was one of the oldest papers in Southeastern Ohio, being established in 1812. When he retired from the Recorder’s office he engaged in the fire insurance and real estate business, soon building up a large agency and continuing in this occupation until he weis appointed, on June 1, 1906, State Fire Marshal by the late Governor, John M. Pattison, and in this department he made an unexcelled record for careful performance of duty and expend- itures, and have the unequalled record of sevcnt}"-t\vo convictions in 1907, and for the first time in the history of the office, turned back into the State Treasury over .111, 000 of unused money. In the spring of 1908 he was nominated by the Democratic State Convention to the office of State Treasury of Ohio. The campaign was a very strenuous one but resulted in his election, being the first Democrat elected to that office in thirty years. Immediately upon assuming the duties of the office, Mr. Creamer inaugurated the competitive bidding system for the deposit of State funds, which resulted in the state recei\ ing an increase in interest of about .|1,000.00 per week more money than was received by his predecessors. He also installed a modern method of bookkeeping, and under it the account of every person, department and institution doing business with the Treasury, in a permanent record, and every promise made by him during the canq^aign was kept. He was re-elected to a second term in 1910. On the 16th of October, 1890, Mr. Creamer was married to Miss Gertrude R. Fowler, and they have two children, Loren.i Verdell, aged eighteen years, and David Harold, aged ten >'ears. D, S. CREAMER Thomas A. Dean, Editor and Publisher of the Fremont Dailj' Messenger, hremont, Sandusky County, (Jhio, is a nati\'e of Ohio, Ixjrn on the 6th of I tecem- ber, 1871, at Bethel, Cdermont County. \A'hen aliout two years of age his parents moved to Highland County, where the son attended the district school until se\'enteen years of age. He then taught school for two \'ears, after which he entered (Ihio Wesleyan Lmi\ei- sity, remaining there for two years. Returning to Highland County he engaged in the wholesale packing business. Later ne became interested in newspaper w'ork in Portsmouth, Ohio, and, in 1899, purchased an interest in the Daily Couriei , Findlay’, where he remained until 1904, when he secured the controlling interest in the Fremont Daily Mes- senger, wdiich he edits and publishes. Senator Dean has always I)een a staunch follow’er of the principles of the Democratic party. In 1908 and 1910 he w’as elected to the Ohio Senate, representing the Thirtieth District, composed of the Counties of Erie, Huron, Ottaw-a and Sandusky. Earh- in the first session of the Seventy-Eighth General Assembh', Senator Dean attracted statew’ide attention by his introduction of important bills reg- ulating the traffic in intoxicating liquor. Senator Dean comes from a family^ noted for its longe^’ity'. His maternal grandfather, Thomas Bradwell, lived to be ninet\^-four, and the grandfather on his father’s side to be eighty-nine y’ears of age, and each left thirteen children. All these sons and son-in-laws were Democrats and nearh’ all of them seiwed in the Ihiion Army during the Ci\41 War. Two of his great grandfathers served under Washington In the Re^■olutionary’ War. His mother is still fixing at Bethel, C lermont County, at the age of eighty-two. H. G. DeWEESE. Hamilton G. DeWeese, State Examiner of Building and Loan Com]xanies, and one of the best known Democrats in Ohio, was born on the 28th of June, 1866, on a farm near Pemlxerton, Ohio. His parents, Leonidas DeWeese and Marx’ Thompson DeWeese, xxere both natix’es of the Buckex’e State. As his name indicates, Mr. DeWTese is of hrench descent, his paternal ancestor hax'ing emigrated to the Nexx' World in 1688, settling near Philadelphia, Penn- sx’lx'ania. His maternal ane'estrx’ is English. Mr. Hamilton DeWeese xvas educated in the common schools and at Ada Unixersity. In 1884, at the age of eighteen years, he entered the teaching profession, folloxving the same for a period of eight years. He then became connected with the American Book Company, in the capacitx’ of representative. 1 1 08 THE BOOK OF OHIO. which ]K)sili()ii he licld for cii;hl \cars. When Mr. Paltison was elected (Knernor of Ohio, Mr. DeWeese was appointed Chief Assist- ant lore Marshal under Marshal Creamer, filling this position for two years. In 10(H) ( io\ ernor Harmon appointed him State Examiner of Building ;md l.otm Associations. Mr. I )e\\'eese is a lifelong Democrat. He has attended all State Conventions as a Delegate since ( io\ ernor CampheU's nomination, and from lOOo to 1010 he was Chairman of the Speaker’s Bureati of the State Executive Com- mittee. It is said that .Mr. DeWesese, knows i)ersonally, more peo])le in Ohio than any one else kno\vs, and that this acciuaintance is not confined alone to the part\- with which he is affiliated. Socially, he is a Mason, Knight Templar and an Elk. Mr. DeWese is married sinci' the 11th of .\ugust 1SS7. He h;is three sons. In h'ebruary, 1000, he was appointed Dtiartermaster and C'ommissary of the C.i\ alr\ , ()hio .\ationarents, who were natives of Germany, emigrated to .America early in life, and were tmited in matrimony in the city of Cincinnati, where John recei\ed his education in the itublic schools, stipplemented by a commercial college course. He then entered the factory of his father and learned the business from the bottom u|), then becoming bookkeeiter and Office Manager. Purchasing an interest in the coni|)any, which his rare btisiness talent had extended to broad proportions, he was (.‘lected the Secretary-Treasurer, wdiich position he has hlled for ten years, and still occupies .\ born Republican, he has always been a most faithful adherent of that party in politics, gi\'ing time and money freely at all times to its aid. In the fall of 1907 he was urged to accept the nomination for Member of the Board of Public Service, and w'as honored by receis ing tlu' highest \'ote for that office, seiwing two years, whtm the Board was discontinued by the action of the Paine Law. He was then ai)pointed to his ])rest‘iit position, January 1, 1910. Mr. Dornette has alwa\s been a favorite, socially, with his ever-present smile and tmaflected manner. He is a Scottish Rite M.ison, 32nd dc'gix'e, a Noble ol the Mystic Shrine, and is a member of the B. P. O. E., North Cincinnati Turn Verein, Adver- tisers’ Club, The Business Men’s Chib, the W’est Cincinnati Business Association Co., and other business and social organizations. Me is ha|)pil\- marri(‘d ;ind has an itleal home on the Western hills, where he loves to sitend all his spare moments with his accomi)lislu‘d wile and two sons, Clillord H. and John W’alter 1 )ornette, both studiotis young men, who are following in their father’s lootsteps. j t>>KNi I I r.. ji< Henry Clay Drinkle, Postmaster at Lancaster, ( )hio, ranks among the best known Re|)tiblicans of Central born on (he 2Sth ol Eebrtiary, 1845, in Lancaster, ()hio. He received his education in the Lancaster ])tiblic schools, and later studied law under the tuition of Judge John S. Bra.see, being admitted to the bar in Seittember, 18(59. Erom 187(5 to 1883 he was in p.irtnershii) with the judge, which was dissolved in 1883, when A4r. Drinkle was elected President ol the Hocking A'alley National Bank. Since his retirement from the Presi- denc\- he has |tracticed kuv. In 1910 he was apitointed Postmaster of Lancaster by President 'I alt. Mr. Drinkle has lieen prominently identihed with all campaigns since lS7(i, when he took an active jtart in helidng to elect Rutherford B. Hayes. He was at one- lime a member ol the State Committee, and he has the distinction of being the hrst Reptiblican to attain office in Lancaster, hac'ing lieen elected, in 1875, to the position of ( it\- Solicitor, in which he ser\'ed for fotir terms of two years each. In 18(59 he was appointed Deputy Assessor ol Internal Revenue, and, in 1885, he was electerl Mayor ol Lancastc'r, serxing one term and declining a renomination. He has twice been an alternate to the National Reptiblican Conx’cntion ; once, in 1880, when Garheld was nominated in ( hicago, and again in 189(5, when Major A'IcKinley was placed at the head ol the ticket at St. Lotiis. Mr. Drinkle was married to Miss Kate Vary. Two children were born to them. Sociallv, Mr. Drinkle is a Mason, Knight Templar and an 1. (). (). I'. Thomas Lang Evans, S('cretar\- to Maxor Galxin of ('incinnati, was born on the 10th of Nox'ember, 187(5, at ( incinnati. His lather, James Lvans, a contractor, was a natix'e of Montgomeryshire, \\ edes, and emigrated to the I nited States in 1843, while his mother xvas born in New Grleans, La. Air. Ixx ans xvas educated in the district, intermediate and the Woodward High School, at C incinnati. When twenty-four years of age he entered in public life as a Ohio. He is a natixe of the Buckeye State, T. L. EVANS. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1169 stenographer to Mayor Fleischmann. Three years later, on the 1st of March, 1903, he was appointed Secretary to Mayor Fleischmann Upon the retirement of Mayor hleischinann from office, Mr. Evans became Purchasing Agent of the Yeast Department of The Fleisch- mann Company. On the 1st ot January, 1908, he was appointed Assistant Clerk to Mayor Markbreit, and on the 1st of August, 1909, Mayor Galvin appointed him Secretary. Mr. Evans has been a faithful Republican since he became of age. He is a member of the Blaine Club and the Stamina Republican League. He was married to Miss Alaude Oberly on the 24th of August, 1908. Thev reside at 429 Stanley Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio. Henry C. Eyman, M. D., Superintendent of the Massilh n State Hospital, was born on the 13th of April, 1850, the son of Henry B. and Mary Anne Baker Eyman, both nati\es of Ohio. The father was born in Fairfield County, in 1819. The mother was a daughter of the late Hon. Christ. Baker, ex-member of the Ohio Legislature. Dr. Eyman’s ancestors came to Virginia about 1034, and migrated to Ohio in the latter part of the eighteenth century. Henry E\ man, great-grandfather of Dr. Eyman, was a veteran of the Revolutionary War. The maternal great-grandfather, Emanuel Ruffner, was a member of the famous Ruffner family. Dr. Eyman received his education in the Fairfield County schools and at the Fairfield FTnion Academy. He afterwards attended the Columbus Medical C'ollege, from which he graduated in 1880. Opening an office in Tarlton, Pickaway C'ounty, in the same year, he began the practice of his profession. In 1902 he was appointed 1)\- Governor McKinley, a member of the Building Committee of Massillon Hospital, ser\'ing in that capacity until 1898. The year following, he was appointed to his present position as Superintendent of that institution. Previous to that time, from 1884 to 1887, he filled the position of Assistant Physician at the Athens State Hospital, and from 1887 to 1891, at the Toledo State Hospital, while in 1891, he was appointed Superintendent of the Cleveland State Hospital. For thirteen years he held the position of Professor of Nervous and Mental Diseases in College of Physicians and Surgeons, Cleveland, Ohio. Socially, Dr. Eyman is a member of the Elks. Dr. Eyman is a widower and the father of two daughters, who make their home with him. The family attend the Episcopalian Church. H. C. EYM.'XN, M. D. Newton Ferree, Of Washington, D. C., was born near Bellevernon, Layette County, Pa. When about seven years of age his father's family removed to Steubenx ille, Ohilo, where he was reared and educated in the public schools. In May, 1892, he left the high school and enlisted in the United States service as a Private in Comi^any F', Fiighty-F'ourth Ohio Wlunteer Infantry, serving in West \hrginia and Western Maryland until the date of muster out. In February, 1864, he was appointed to a clerkship in the War Department b\- the Secretary of War, Fidwin M. Stanton, his fellow-townsman. After two months’ serx ice he resigned his clerkship, returned to his home, enlisted and assisted in organizing Compain- pany C, One-Hundred and F'ifty-Seventh Ohio X’olunteer Infantry, and was cennmissioned Second Lieutenant of the same. With his company he serx’ed more than his full time, and was mustered out the latter part ot Se]ttember, 1864. He then returned to Wash- ington, was re-appointed to a clerkship in the Y'ar 1 )eitartment,and has since resided in that city. In December, 1867, upon the recommendation of Benjamin F'. Wade, then Presi- dent of the United States Senate, he was a]tpointed to a clerkshii.-) in the United States Treasurv Department. By gradual promotiem, strictly upon merit, in 1897, he attained the responsible position of chief of a large dixisiem in the office of the Register of the Treasury, xxdiich at this time (1908) he still holds, enjoying the full confidence of his superior officers, and the respect and loxv NEXVTON FERREE. of his many sul.)ordinates. He Is an honored member of the Grand Army of the Republic and has alxx’ays taken a deep interest in its xx'elfare; he joined FMst No. 1, of Washington ( itx’, immediately after its organization in 1866, and from that date has continued to take an active interest in the order and has held many positions of trust and honor in the organ- ization; in 1907 he xx'as honored by an election to the ]XosItion of Commander ol the Department of the Potomac, xxdiich he filled xxilh credit and honor to himself and to the satisfaction of his comrades. Captain F'erree comes of a long line of soldiers. Since the coming of his Huguenot ancestors to this country, in 1708,xxdio settled In Lancaster County, Pa., his people haxe been prominently represented In all the xxxirs for the establishment and maintenance ol the nation. Prominent among the men of distinction in the army of the Rex'olutlon were Colonel John F'erree, xx'ho commanded the Tenth Pennsylx'ania Rifies; (. olonel Joel F'erree, Commander of the Lancaster Associators, and Major Michael Ferree. In the War of 1812 the familx' xxas again prominent. Among others xx’as Colonel Joel F'erree, the grandfather of Cajitain F'erree, xxdio organized a Pennsylxania Regiment at Fdttsburg, and marched from there, in October, 1812, in command of a small brigade, to join General Harrison, xvho had command ot the United States forces in Northern ( )hio. x\t upper Sanduskx’ his regiment assisted in the construction of a lortirtcation, xxdiich was named in his honor. Fort F'erree. At Miami Rapids, in addition to other military duty it assisted in the construction of F'ort Meigs. He and his men suffered J. XV FLEMING. .Assistant Secretary State Board of Agriculture. ]170 THE [BOOK OF OFIIO. 5^1-fat iianlslii])s (luring the winter campaign of ISl 2-1813 and in the spring of 1813, broken in health he started on his return home, bill died ujKHi reaching Zanesv ille, where he was buried with the honors of war. •Again, in the War of ihe Rebellion, the name was freciuently found with those loyally serv'ing the Hag, among them a brother, Joel W. I'erree, who gave three >'ears service with Company G, Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In the War w ith Spain, Captain t'erree’s two sons, Sheridan and Newton, responded to the call of President McKinley, and with I heir regiment , hirst Oistrict of Columbia AAilunteers, jiarticipated in the campaign before Santiago, Cuba. The younger son, Newton, died in the service and his remains repose with the soldiers dead, in beautilul Arlington. Edward McMullan Fullington, Auditor of the State of Ohio, was born on the 2oth of August, 18G4, in Union County, ( )hio. His parents, James Fullington and Eliza Henry McMullan Fullington, were both natives of Ohio. Mr. Fullington was educated in the public schools of Union Countv; at the Kenyon Military Academy and at Kenyon College. After leaving col- lege he lived on the farm until 1888, when he removed to Marysville and was employed in the Hank of Marysville and in general business until elected Auditor of Union County, in 181)0. In 18D8 he was nominated for a second term by the Republicans of the County, endorsed by the Democratic Convention, and was elected without opposition. After serving two terms as Auditor of Union C’ounty, Mr. Fullington was, in 1002, appointed Chief Dejuity in the Bureau of Inspection and Supervision of Public Offices, assisting in the work of organizing that dejiartment, in which jjosition he continued until January, 11)04, when he was appointed Chief Clerk to the Auditor of State. In April, 1904, he was ajipointed Deputy Auditor of State. At the Republican State Convention in 1908, held at Columbus, Mr. Fullington recciv-'ed the nomination for Auditor of State, and he was elected to that office at the Nov^ember election of that year. His jHildic service has been characterized by strict attention to duty and ability in his chosen career that has advanced him to his present position. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Mr. h'ullington enlisted as Second Lieutenant and Adjutant in the Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in April, 1898. In May, 1898, he was transferred to the staff of Major General Wilson, as Aide-de-Camp, and served in this position till the end of the war, taking part in the Porto Rican camiiaign. He w’as officially recommended to the Secretary of Whir for promotion “in recognition of distinguished gallantry and meritorious conduct through- oul (he campaign.” After the close of the war he continued in the National Guard as Major and Quartermaster in the Second Brigade, ( )hio Xaliomd ( .uard, unlil 1904. Before the war he had served in the Fourteenth Ohio National Guard as Lieutenant and Battalion .Adjutant, Irom FSOO to 1808. Mr. l''ullington is a member (vf Columbus Camp, Spanish War Veterans; Mt. Vernon Commandery, Knight 4'eni|)lars; Scioto Consistory Scottish Rite Masons, 32nd degree; Aladdin 4'em]vle, Mystic Shrine; Knights of Pythias, and Ken- von Chapter of ,Al])ha Delta Phi. He also belongs to the Buckeye Republican Club, Columbus, Ohio. Mr. Fullington is interested in many business enterprises. He is a member of the firm, F. M. Fullington N Co., Grain Shippers, Alilford Centre, Ohio, and Snod- grass K I'ullington, Marvsv ille, Ohio, and Director in the C'apitol 4'rust Company, Columbus, Ohio. On the 2.5th of Nov^ember, 1891, he vv.is m.irried to Miss Ida Irvin Alatthevvs, of Dayton, Ohio. Two sons hav^e lilessed their union, James Fitch and Benjamin Warder Fullington. 4’he lamily attend 4'rinitv’ Fiiiscopal Church, Columbus, Ohio, in which city they also reside. I. M I-LLLINl.toN. .Albert E. Gale, Bostmasler ol Fim.i, ( )hio, and one of the sulistantial citizens of that place, was born on the 27lh ol Julv', 1873, ,it Fima, Ohio, the son of Fmanuel Gale, a merchant tailor, and Fouise Gale, both natives ol England, who emigrated to the United States about 1835. Ihe lather first located at Watertown, N. Y., Init shortly altcrwards went West and settled in Fima, ( )hio, where he became a prominent Inisiness man. Captain Albert Iv. ( lale VV.IS educated in the public schools of his native city, graduating from the high school in 1892. He then entered business life, liecoming associated with his father’s linn. He has alwav's been a staunch Republican and has served his party in many capa- cities. He has been a delegate to numerous County and State C'onventions, and at pre.sent is 4'reasurer ol the Republican County F.xecutive Committee, of which for many v ears he has been a member. ( )n the 24th (vl May, 1910, he was ajiiiointed Postmaster ol Fima by President 4'aft. Captain Gale is a member of the Allen C'ounty Taft Club the f.lks, I. ( ). ( ). F., Spanish War A’eterans, and the Lima (4ul). For many years Cap- t.iin ( ..des has been prominentlv’ connected with the (Ohio National Guard. He enlisted in 1804 as a jirivate in Com])any (', Second Regiment, Ohio National Guard; served ihrougl'.out the S]ianish-.Ainerican W’ar as hrst Sergeant. After the war he continued his identity with the service, and on the 2f)th of Septemlver, 1899, he was elected to his present rank ol ( aptain. He resides at 01)2 AA’est High Street, Lima, Ohio. E. wS. Gordin, Freasurer of Madison County, ()hio, was born on the 30th of Nov'ember, 1853, at Bethel a. e. gale. lownship, Clark ( ounty, ( )hio. His parents, Frederick Gordin and Hulda Barratt ( .ordin, were natives of ( )hio and New Jersey, respectively. His father was a farmer and therefore Mr. Gordin was raised on the tarm, where he learned to toil the ground. He received his education in the common schools of Stokes I'ownshi]), AHadison County, M\N. Clvas, W. Handman, Husinc'ss Manager of the Cincinnati Board of Education, was horn on the 4th of October, IS,')S, at Cincinnati, tlic son of Chas. and Sophia Ladenburg Handman, both natives of the Buckeye State. As his name indicates, he is of German descent, his ancestors having emigrated to America and settled in Ohio when the state was still in its childhood. His education was obtained in the public schools of his native city. At the age of eighteen wars, Mr. Handman started in business life, entering the building trade. Since then hc‘ has been in that business. Mr. Handman has always been a faithful Republican and has ser\’C'(l his ])arty in many capacities. He has been on Campaign Committees for many wars. He has occtipied the position of Superintendent (jf C'onstruction in the Water- works and Chief Inspector of the County Bridges in the Engineers’ Department for many wars, and Assistant Superintendent of School Buildings for two years. In 1907 he w’as ap])ointed to his present position. Since 1884, Mr. Handman has been a member of the Blaine Cltib. He alsc) belongs to the Masonic Fraternity, being a 32nd degree Mason, a Shriller and a member of the ( hapter and the Blue Lodge. The National Union also claims him as a memlier. Mr. Handman was married in 1883 to Miss Anna Marie 'I'aylor. One son has ble.ssed their tmion. The famiK’ reside at 3()21 Morris Place, Tusctilum. His offices are located in the Board of Education Btiilding, .Ml Court Street, Cincinnati, ( )hio. William Cassius Haskell, Sealer of Weights and Measures of the District of Columbia, Superintendent of District of Columbia Markets, and Ins|K'ctor of Lumber, Wood, Flour and Public Scales, which position he h.is held tor the past ekven \ ears, is a native of the Buckeye State. He was born on the 21th of Jul\-, 184.4, at South Ridge, near C'onneaut, Ashtabtila County, ( )hio, when' his latlu-r, John W. I laskell, a nati\ e of Vermont, was engaged in the lumber business. His mother, Mary .A. Williams, was born in Ohio. Mr. Haskell’s ancestors ha\'c li\’ed in this countiw' lor main- generations. His grandfather, Jol) Haskell, served for se\en >'ears in the I'rench and Indian Wars; he was a recruiting officer during the War of the ReNolution and took part in the battle of Bunker Hill. His grandfather on mother’s side .dso seiwed his countr\’ in the Rexolutionary Army. He was a resident of Connecticut at the outbreak of that war. Mr. Haskell’s education was obtaitred in the public schools ol .Ashtabttla, at Wm. Hubbard’s Private School at Ashtabttla, and at E.ist man’s Commercial School, Rochester, N. V., gradtiating from Hubbard’s in bSti], ,md trom L.astman’s in ISb.f. Alter lea\ing school, Mr. Haskell engaged in the hard- wood lumber business, operating in WTstern ( )hio, Indiana and Michigan. Since he became ol age he has taketi an actiw interest in the affairs of the Republican party. Prom 1871 to 1877 he .seiwed as Councilman of .Ashtabula. In 1877 he was elected Mayor of that cit\-, seiwing for two \ ears. In 1892 he was ajipointed United States Alarshal for the Northern District ol ()hio, and during the Presidential Campaign of 1899 he was Sergeant -at-.Arms ol the National Reirtiblicati E.xecutive headquarters at Chicago. He also was a nu'inber of the Re|5ul)lican State C'entral Committee for one term. Socially, Mi. Haskell is a Mason, Knight Templar and a member of the Royal Arcaiuim. ■ W hen the War of the Rebellion broke out, Mr. Haskell joined Comjtiany I, of ihc Nineteenth Ohio A'ohtnteer Infantry on the hrst call for three months. He took part in the Ridge Mountiun light and in the skirmish of Middle Fork Bridge. In 1802, when Kirby Smith laskell. threatened Southern ( )hio with an invasion, Mr. Haskell joined the “Squirrel Hunters’’ and at the time of “Morgan’s Raid’’ he served on the gunboat “()hio“ on the Ohio Ri\’er. below Cincinnati. He was married on the 17th of November, ISOS, to Miss Emma Kruger. Six children, ol which lour are still li\ing, are the fruit of their tmion. Mr. Haskell resides at The Cumberland, Washington, D. C. His offices are located at the District Building of that city. Janies Hatfield, ( )ne of the prosperotis farmers of (dark County, and a member of the House of Repre- sentatives of Ohio, was born on the 12th of April, 1S44, in (dark County, the son of James and Margaret (Kitchen) Hatheld. His ancestors were among the early settlers of Clark County, his grandfather, Nathaniel Hatheld, having settled there in 1809, when that part ol the state was harrlly more than a wilderness. Mr. Hatheld was left an oiqrhan wdien but eleven years of age, his mother ha\ ing died when he was six years old. He therefore had to rely upon his own resources when still a child; he w'orked for his board and clothing until he had reached the age of fourteen years, and attending the common schools. At the age of sixteen, Mr. Hatheld went to Hillsdale College, Michigan, where he remained for two years. He then returned to his native county and taught school for a short while. In the s]>ring of 1802 he enlisted in the Eighty-Sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry and after- ward re-enlisted in the Eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, ser\ing during the War of the Rebellion. Returning from the war he engaged in farming. On the 12th of April, 1800, Mr. Hatheld was married to Miss Harriett J. Stewart. Three chiklren have been the isstie of their union. Air. Hatheld has always been a worker in the ranks of the Rejiublican jrarty. He was elected in the fall of 1905 to the House of Representatives of the Ohio Legislature. Having ser\ed with distinction and to the entire satisfaction of his constitutents, he was re-elected to a second term in 1908. He has always had the interest of the people at heart, and was very active in the shaping of legislation. Mr. Hatheld is a member of the Grand Army Republic. He resides on his farm near j. H.\TFIELD Springheld, (Jhio. I THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1173 Herbert C. Hengstler, Chief of the Consular Bureau of the Department of State at Washington, 1). C., was born in Middletown, Butler County, Ohio, on the 17th of December, 187b. His parents, Joseph C. Hengstler and Ella Shoemaker, are nati\-es of Ohio, and, as the name indicates, of German descent. Mr. Hengstler obtained his education in the public and high schools of Middletown, after which he entered the Pitman & Howard College, Cincinnati, and George Washington Cniversity, Washington, D. C. He graduated from Middletown High School in 1894, and from George Washington University in 1905. He holds the degree of Bachelor of Laws from the latter Ihiiversity. Mr. Hengstler began his puldic career at the age of twenty-one years, as Clerk in the Department of State, Washington, D. C. He now holds the responsible position of Chief of the Consular Bureau, which has charge of the administration of the Consular Ser\4ce of the United States. He is a member of the National Geographic Society and the ('olumbia Country Club, of Wash- ington. He is single and attends the Presl)yterian Church. His legal residence is at Middletown, where he has property. Mr. Hengstler's office is located in the Depart- ment of State Building, Washington, D. CL Henry Prichard Holden, Of Washington, I). C'., is a native of Cincinnati, the son of Amos Prichard Holden and Mary J. Holden. His father was for many years a leading merchant of C'incinnati, as was his uncle, Mr. Reuben A. Holden, the latter having been in active business lite for nearly sixty years at time of his death in 1900. Mr. Holden’s parents were both New England born and bred, the father a native of the famous old New Hampshire town New Ipswich; the mother a nati\-e of Hartford, C'onnecticut, the daughter of Moses Goodman and Prudence Hurlburt Goodman. Her uncle, Mr. Timothy Goodman was a long-time and prominent resident of Cincinnati, having been a leading banker and one of the officers of the celebrated, though ill-fated (Jhio Trust Company, the leading finan- cial organization of the West prior to the Civil War. Mr. William A. Goodman, formerly President of the Washington Life Insurance Company and a director in the old Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Railroad, was also an uncle of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Holden was likewise a cousin of George A. Prichard, a well known merchant of Cincinnati. He is ctmnected with some of our best known citizens, amongst them, Mrs. L. B. Harrison, of Grandin Road; Mr. W. Austin Goodman, a prominent lawyer; Mr. W ill and Mr. Frank Eat(m; Mr. Reuben A. Holden of Vernon Place; Mrs. Emma (I'one, of Mt. Auburn; Mrs. diaries Wilson, of A\ondale. The parents of Mr. Holden died in his very early childhood, and he, with his brother and sister, removed to Hartford, Connecticut, living there with an aunt, the sister of their mother, for several \-ears. He then attended the celebrated Sedgwick School at Lenox, Massaschusetts, going from there to the famous old Phillips Academy at Exeter, New Hampshire, and graduating at Lawrence Academy, in Groton, Massachusetts. His collegiate education was carried on for a short season at Vale College, but ending at the Ihiiversity of Michigan, where he took an undergraduate and law course. His first start in the legal line was in the office of Charles A. Sturgis, a leading attorney of (liicago, but the great fire in that citj' soon after destroyed, not only his law lilirary and belongings, but his hopes of obtaining a foothold in the fated city. He was offered a place on the Detroit Post, of which paper his brother, Edward G. Holden, was Editor, and so unexpectedly was launched into a \ery different career than he e\-er had anticipated. From there he went to Troy, New h'ork, as Assistant Editor of the Troy Whig, but within a few months was offered a position on the Indianapolis Sentinel, where he ser\’ed as News Editor, Editorial WTiter and City Editor, being meanwhile the Indianapolis correspondent for the Cincinnati Enquirer, Chicago Times and New York Herald. Afterward Mr. Holden accepted the place of City Editor of the Fort Wayne, Indiana Sentinel, but returning to his natii'c city, became a “special feature” writer of the Cincinnati Commercial, then under the control of Murat Halstead. His Sunday sketches and articles from the “Sunny South,” depicting the moonshiners in their mountain retreats, and the “gold fields of Georgia,” were especially noteworthy, describing not only unusual difficulties of travel, Init the dangers from the well known hostility of the moon- shiners and their numerous friends. Later (m Mr. Holden was associated with General Henry V. Boynton, the Washington C'orres- pondent of the Cincinnati Gazette, the Nestor (jf Washington correspomlents, and an author and literary critic of national reputation. Ihiexpectedly a position in Go^•ernment ser\acc was offered to Mr. Holden, which he accepted, and since 1S82, has Iteen an Examiner of Pensions in the Bureau of Pensions. He has during these years kept somewhat in touch with literar\- matters by contributions to magazines and papers prepared for various societies. Washington affords unusual opportunities for patriotic, social, musical and literary affiliations, and IMr. Holden has availed himself of these to some extent. He is a member (jf the Order of Washington and of the Sons of the .American Revolution, ser\ ing as Secretary of that organization, and upon its Board of Management; also A’ice-President of the Parish Ihiion Society of All Souls Church (“The President’s Church”,) Secretary of the Wagner Study Club, a musical society formed for stiuh’ of Wagner and other great composers; Vice-President (formerly President) of the laiity Club, one of the oldest literary clubs of Washington ; member of the National Geographic Society and Society of Natural Science, and in addition is an acti^■e member of some of the leading ci\ ic organizations of the city of W’ashington, and of the National Red Cross Society. Mr. Holden traces his ancestry on the paternal and maternal sides, to English forbears, some of whom were land owners, and “lords of the manor,” while others were entitled to wear the "King’s Li\'ery.” Their desc'endants, howe\er, came to New Eng- land, the Holdens to Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and later on, one branch settled in New Hampshire. On the maternal side the Goodman’s selected the territory further South, this afterward becoming the State of Connecticut. Through his paternal ancestor, Moses Goodman. Mr. Holden deri\es his membership in the Sons of the American Re\'olution and the Order of W’ashington; in the latter, t hrough the famous Capt . W’adsworth who hid the Charter in t he ( )ak at Hartford, Conn. H. P. HOLDEN. H. C. HENGSTLER. 1174 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Mr. Holden married Miss Mary ('alherine McC'arthy, a daughter of Florence McCarthy, of the United States Army, a cousin of the wa-ll known author and memher of Parliament, Justin McCarthy. It is a matter also of historical interest that Mrs. Holden’s ancestors, the Clan McCarthy, founded Hlarne>- Castle, Ireland, which was assaulted and wrested from them by the Tafts (or Tails as then spelled), the ancestors ol President Tall. William Albert Hopkins, 'rreasurer of Hamilton County, ()hio, was born on the oth of June, ISGO, at Cincinnati, ( )hio, the son of Henry F. Hoi)kins, a ])ublisher and printer, and Catherine Forbes Ho])kins. The father, a nati\'e of Troy, N. Y., was of Knglish ancestry, while his mother, who was born in Toronto, Canada, was of Irish parentage, her family having emigrated from the County Sligo, Ireland, to Toronto, later coming to Cincinnati. Mr. Hopkins’ grandlather came to America innn Kent, England, in 1830, and settled at Troy. He came to Cincinnati in 1844 and established one of the earliest tanneries in Cincinnati. His oldest son, Wdlliam I pjpkins, is at i>resent conducting in his name i)iu‘ of the largest sheep skin tanneries in America, at Louisville, Ky Mr. W’illiam ;\. Hopkins was educated in the ])ublic schools of Cincinnati, after which lu‘ took a business course at Bryant, Stratton & DeHans Business College. He grad- uatc‘d in bookkeeiiing, after which he went to learn the “Art preservative of all Arts,’’ the ])rinting trade. He became a member ot the Cincinnati Typographical Union No. 3, in Se])tember, 1881. Mr. Hopkins has always taken a keen interest in the affairs of his h(jme c ity, and for nearly nine years was a meml)cr of the Board of Trustees of the Public Library (jf Cincinnati. He resigned his membership in that Board at the unan- imous recpiest of his colleagues to take up the work ot superintending the Branch Libraries and Delivery Stations ot the Cincinnati Pid)lic Library and to become the Board’s clerk and accountant. While so employed, Mr. Hopkins organized the efficient suburban e.xtension service of the library. Mr. Ho])kins has always been a faithful Democrat, working hard in the interests of his party. In 1883 he was elected a member of the Board of Education of Cincinnati, seiwing for three years in that position. He also held the positions of Depul\- Counly 'rreasurc-r under County Treasurers ('has. A. Miller and Frank Ratterman; United States Internal Re\'enue ( 'uiugcr during Presidenl ( le\ekmd’s first administratic^n and the first year of President Harrison’s administration; Chief Dc|)iil\- Counl\- .Auditor undc'r .Audilor John Hagerty, and for four years has held the posifittn of Assistant Treasurer under Connl\- 4'reasurer, ( has. E. Roth. He was elected County 'Freasurer in PHI. SocialK', he is a member of Cincinnati Lodge No. a, B. P. ( ). Filks, serving as Fixalted Ruler of the Lodge in 1902 and 1903. He is cdso Presidenl of the F'riendly Sons of St. Patrick, and Past Archon of C'incinnati C'ouncil, Royal League; he also holds mem- bership in llu‘ Knights of ( 'ohunbus, Knights of Pythias and the Duckworth C'lub ', 1S02, he was apijoinled a page in the Xational Henise of Representatixes, where he served during the Fifty-Second Con- gress: in ISlKf lie wasCippoinled liy the late Honorahle J. Sterling Morton, to a minor position in the United States Department of Agrictilture, from which he gradually rose, solely through merit, step by stej), until noxv he is ('hief Clerk of one of the largest Bureaus in the Federal serx ice, xxdth a force of more than txxo thousand employees, and an annual appropriation of more than txx'O million of dollars. Prior to his appointment as Chief Clerk, he xx'as tor six years ranking clerk in llu‘ ol'lice of the Ai)]iointment Clerk of the Department of Agrictilture. In the spring of l(H)(i, Mr. Jones assisted in the organization of the Citizens Sax ings Bank of Washing- ton. 1 ). and xvas one of the original directors of the bank, but sometime after the death of his father, he resigned his jilace on the Board of Directors and dis])osed of his stock in order to buy a jiart of his father’s estate in Youngstoxx’ii. The C'ourt designated Mr. Jones as executor of his father’s estate, xxhich he manages xxith tact and ability. Mr. Jones has been stationed in Washington for fifteen years, lint it has been said of him that no man ex’er left his natix'e city and continued to keep abreast xx'ith the cur- rent affairs of his home toxxn as has Mr. Jones. Fexx- ptiblic (luestions hax'e arisen in \’oungstoxxn during the jiast ten x’ears on xxhich Mr. Jones has not been heard, and by his (piite di])lomatic manner he has done more than commonly suiiposed in shaping af- fairs of that jirospering manufacttiring citx’ of Northeastern Ohio. He makes frequent visits to his home city, xvhere he is xx’ell and lax’orably knoxxm, and has lieen re]".eatedly ask(‘d by influential men of the old McKinley District to alloxx' his name to be used in connection xvith elective offices, but he has preferred to stay in the background and alloxx- the honors to go to others. Mr. Jones is a man of good executix^e ability, jiltick and energy of true American type — a character so rugged, so loyal and so sincere as to excite the res])C‘Ct of all xvho knoxv him. He is deliberate in action, firm in conx’iction, incorruptible, unseduced by flattery and unshaken by fear — a man of pleasing personality and absolutely free from affectation. In |)olitics, Mr. Jones has been a statmeh siqiporter of the principles and jiolicies of the Republican party from the time of attaining his m.ijoritx'. He is a member of ^’oungstoxx•n Lodge No. 55, Benex’olent Protectix'e Order of Flks; also the St. Daxad’s Societx' of ^'^ungslox\ n. ( )n May 1, UHff), Mr. Jones tmited in marriage to Miss Marguerite Bestor Zimmerman, of Washington, D. to xxhich union two children, Ruth and James F., Jr., xvere born. Oeorjie .1. Karb, M .ix’or of Columbus, ()hio, xxa‘11 knoxxm in the jiolitical and btisiness xx'orld of that city, is a natixeof Columbus, born on the 15th ol h'ebrutiry, 1S5S. His education xx-as obtained in the public schools of his home city alter xxhich he attended a Inisiness college, pre- ]iaring himsi'lf for a business career. When a mere x outh he entered the drtig trade, and after sonu- time spent as an employee jiassed a xery creditalile examination as a phar- macist. 1 1 is first independiMit x enture xx as in the same line, and for ten years he success- fnllx' conducted rthern Pacific Railroad was surveyed during this expedition, from Bismarck, Xorth Dakota, to Yellowstone Park. On the 26th of March, 1876, Mr. Kuhl- man was married to hliss Anna Elizabeth Snecker. Xine children have blessed their union, of whom five are li\'ing today. Mr. Kuhlman died in the latter part of June, 1912. G. L. KUHLMAN. Robert Laidlaw, Former Director of Public Service for the City of Cincinnati, and who was, until recent h'. President of the Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon Company, manufacturers of Pumping and H} - drauli-: Machinery, was born March 22nd, 1849, at Innerleithen, Scotland, the son of Robert Laidlaw and Janet Euman Laidlaw, He attended the public schools of his nati^■c land, and came to the United States on the 17th of April, 1875, locating in Cincinnati, where he has li\ed ever since. He is one of the most prominent business men of the Queen City and a man well ^■ersed in public affairs. He was one of the organizers of the Xational Association of Manufacturers, and Treasurer of that organization for three vears. He also served as a member of the Executive Committee of the Association for a period of five years. He was Chairman of the Commissioners to the Tennessee Expo- sition. He was one of the organizers and for one term President of the ^Manufacturers’ Club. He was for sometime a Director of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce Mr. 1178 THE BOOK OF OHIO. R lAllX.AW ilowarcl D. Manington, ( 'oninii.ssioncr of the Ohio C oal ( )])eralors’ Association, and Puldisher of The Ohio C'oal ()l)eralor, the official organ ol the coal operators of the State, wars born on the 21st ol June, 1S()8, at Waynesville, W arren ('onnty, Ohio, the son of Lewis Fairchild Maning- ton and Sarah Van Camp-Mannington, both natives of Ohio. His ancestors on both >idcs of the family have been in this country for many generations. His paternal grand- mother was Lydia Lynch, a niece of d'homas Lynch, of South Carolina, the youngest, member of the Continental ('ongress that adoi)ted the Declaration of Independence, being also a signer of that document. Lewis F. Manington, the father of Howard I). Manington, was a member of (Company F, Seventy-Ninth (Jhio Volunteer Infantry, in the Civil War, seining three years. Some relative of the name has ser^'ed in every American War. Howard I). Manington was educated in the Ohio Soldiers’ and Sailors’ ( )r|)hans’ Home, at Xenia. Lpon leaxing lluit institution he entered the newspaper held. He was jniblisher of a |iaper at Mechanicsburg, ( )hio, irom 1887 to 18D3, and Fditor and Manager of the Hrbana 1 )ail\' Times-Citizen, from Mareh, 1!)02, to the 1st ot .August, loot). .Mr. Manington has alwax’s been a faithful Republican and has served his jiarty in main' ea|)acities. He entered public liie at the age ol twenty-four years, as a clerk in the offici- of the Secretarx’ of State, a' Columbus, ()hio, tilling that position until 18117, xxhen he xxas iiromoled to Chief Clerk in that department, serxing as such until 101)1. L|)on tlu‘ organization of the Railroad Commission of Ohio, in August, llKHi, Mr. Man- nington xxas made Secretarx’ of that bodx', holding that iiosition until the 15th of March, 101)0, xxhen he resigiu-d to lake his present place. In 1887, Mr. Manington was married to Miss ( )lix'e .\. Lombard, d'xx'o children, Mignon H. and Farle B. have been born to them. Mr. Manington resides at lODt) kranklin Axenue, Columbus. His offices are located at 5t)2 Xexx’ H.ixden Building, Columbus, Ohio. Laidlaxv has been a Republican since he became naturalized. In the Nox’ember election of IDDS, he xx’as elected a member of the Board of Public Serxdce, serxing as President of that Board since the 1st of January, 11)09. Wdien the Payne Laxv xvent into effect, on the 1st of August, 1901), Mr. Laidlaxv xvas appointed Director of Public Serx ice bx' .Max’or (ialxin. In that cairacity he had charge of the Cincinnati W’ater W’orks. Mr. Laidlaxv is a member of the Blaine Club and of the Stamina Republican League. In his religious affiliation he is a member of the First Preslxyterian Church of Walnut Hills, Cincinnati. He is also a Trustee of Lane Theological Seminary and also a Trustee of the Lnixersity of Wooster. He resides at 2153 Grand Street, Wcdnul Hills, ( in- cinnati, ( )hio. James R. Marker, H D. MANINGTON. Chief Ixngineer of the Board of Public Works, Columbus, Ohio, is a nalixe of the Buck- ex’e Slalc', born in X’ersailles, Darke County. He is of German-Irish extraction, his ances- tors haxing lix’ed in this countrx' tor generations. Both of his parents xvere born in ( )hio. Mr. Marker xv;is cylueated in the public and high schools of Versailles, after xvhich lu' attended Butler College, Indiana, for one year. He then xxent to the Ohio State I'nix'ersity, and alter a four x’ears’ course xvas graduated in 1904, receix ing the degree of Cixil Fngineer. While attending Ohio State Unixx'rsity, Mr. Marker xvas a x’ahiable tuember of the \'arsity hoot Ball Team, holding the position of Tackle for four years. In 1903 he xvas Captain of the team and he xvas the hrst President of “Varsity ‘()’ Asso- ciation.’’ Mr. Marker started in public life in 1904 as County Engineer ot Darke County a position he hlled for a period of hx'e years. He holds his present office as Chief Engineer of the State Board of Public W’orks, since the 21st of May, 1910, liy ap])ointment ol Gox^- ernor Harmon. In p(xlitics, Mr. Marker is a staunch Democrat and he has serx^ed his party faithtully in many capacities. He has been a Delegate to County and State Con- x’entions, and is the Senatorial Committeeman from the Txvelfth Ohio District. Mr. Marker still holds his residence at Versailles, Ohio. His offices are in the State House, Columlxus, Ohio. Charles Leslie McClellan, ( )f Mansheld, Ohio, Clerk of the Courts of Richland County, Ohio, is a natix'e of the Buckeye State, being born on the 29lh of November, 1864, at Butler, Ohio, the son of John Adams and Sarah Ann Miles McClellan. His grandfather, Wdllianr McClellan, xvas a Lieutenant under General Harrison in the W’ar of 1812, and his great-grandfather, .-\ndrexv Hazlett, serx-ed under General Washington during the struggle for American independence, and took ]iart in the canpxaign of Valley Forge. The ancestors of Mr. McClellan xx-ere of Scotch-Irish nationality and came to America during the Colonial period. His education xvas receix’erl at Greentoxvn Academy, Perrysville, C.)hio, and at the Unix’ersity of W’ooster, leaxing the last named institution in his sophomore year, to accept the Principalship of schools at Sulphur Springs, Ohio. Later, Mr. McClellan attended the Cincinnati Laxv School and graduated from this xvell knoxvn institution in 1894, receiving the degree of B. L. After being adimitted to the bar he took up the practice of his profession at Mansheld, in xvhich he xvas x’ery successful. He noxv occupies the office of Clerk of C'ourt ol Richland t ountx', being elected in 1902, and re-elected In 1905. He formerly xx'as Deputy Clerk in the same office. Politically, J. R. MXRKHR. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1179 Mr. McClellan is a Democrat. Socially, he is a member of the K. of P., being a representative to the Grand Lodge since 1904; of the Elks, the Knights of the Mac- cabees and the Modern Woodmen of America. On the 19th of September, 1894, he was married to Miss Ocia J. Mitchell, of Hastings, Ohio. They are members of the First Lutheran Church, at Mansfield, Ohio, in which city they also reside. Samuel P. McCollum, Former Clerk of Courts of Madison Coun- ty, Ohio, was born on the 21st of June, 1867, at Mutual, Champaign County, O. His parents, Vesuvius McCollum and Har- riet E. Pearce McCollum, were both natives of Ohio, the father coming from Clark County and the mother from Madison County. The father was a farmer. He served during the War of the Rebellion for four years, in Compan\' B, Thirty-Second Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, and was honorably discharged in I860. He then returned to the farm in Champaign County, where he resideil until his death in 1872. Mr. McColhim’s mother was a daughter of the Pearce and McDonald families, whose names appear among the pioneers of Madison Ccmnty. Mr. McCollum received his education in the district schools of Jefferson Township, Madison County, and for three years in the High School of London, Ohio, graduating with honor from the class of 1885. After leaving school, he worked on the farm and was engaged as s p McCOLLUM grocer, conducting a general store at Gilli^■an, Ohio, during the years of 1892 and 1893, and as Commercial Traveler. Socially, Mr. McCollum is connected with the Masonic Fraternity and with the United Commercial Travelers. He has always been a staunch Republican and has served his party in many capacities. He was Justice of the Peace, Canaan Township, Madison Cotinty, Ohio, from 1896 to 1899; Township Cderk of Canaan Township from 1900 to 1902, and is Clerk of the Madison Count}' Courts since 1906, having been elected to that position in the fall of 1905, and being re-elected in 1908. On the 11th day of June, 1906, he was married to Miss Blanche I. Lewis, and has one son by this marriage, Russell L., born on the 7th of August, 1907. He also has a son In’ a former marriage, Joseph Lee McCollum, who was born on the 5th of October, 1899. The familv reside at London, Ohio. L. McCLELL.^N Anthony N. McCombs, Of Cadiz, Ohio, State Inspector of High Explosh’es, was born on the 14th of Januar\-, 1858, on a farm in Harrison County. He is the son of Joseph McCombs, a farmer, and Jane Tipton McCombs, nati\ es of Harrison County, Ohio. Mr. McCombs was educated in the common schools of his home county. Upon leaving school, he engaged in the \ ocation of farming. He was one of the promoters and is a stockholder in the Clear Fork Oil Company, of Cadiz, Ohio, one of the important oil companies of the county. From 1893 to 1899 he was LTlitor and Manager of “The Harrison County Democrat,” a paper founded in 1893. Mr. McCombs has been a staunch adherent of the Democratic faith since he became of age. For the last twent\’ years he has been a member of the Democratic Harrison County Executi\’e Committee, and, in 1907 and 1908 was a member of the Democratic State Executive Committee. In 1908 he was the Democratic can- didate for Congress in the Sixteenth Ohio ('ongressional L>istrict, and while he was defeated at the November election of that year, he succeeded in reducing the Repub- lican majority one half. In 1901 he was a delegate to the Democratic National Con\ ention at St. Louis, and refused to \ote for Parker. He was appointed to his present position by Governor Har- mon on the 1st of July, 1909. Mr. Mc- Combs was married to Miss Nettle Camp- bell in 1882. He lives on his farm near Cadiz, Ohio. His headquarters are in the Stale Building, Columbus, Ohio. iX. .McCO.UBS. E L. McCONNAUGHEY. Edward L. McConnaughey, Surveyor of Customs, at Dayton, Ohio, was born on the 9th of Xo\-ember, 1872, on a farm in Miami County, Ohio. His parents, John C. and Flizal)Cth Keplinger McCon- naughey, are both natives of Ohio, the father being of Scotch-Irish and the mother of Pennsylvania-German ancestry. Mr. (hmnaughey recei^■ed his education in the common schools of Brandt, Ohio, at the High School of Bethel Township, Miami County, and at the Miami Commercial College, Da\-ton, Ohio. At the age of twenty \-ears he started in business life as a bookkeeper in the employ of The J. G. Steeley Conq^iany, Dayton, after which he became bookkeeper in the Third National Bank, at Dayton. Later he held a similar position with the firm of Reynolds & Reynolds, Dayton, Ohio. In Ma\-, 1909, Mr. Connaughey was appointed to his present position as Surwyor of Customs 1 j\- 1180 THE BOOK OF OHIO. I'residcMit Taft. He has l)cen a faithful, actix’e Rei)ul)lican since he became of age. In November, 1907, he was elected a member-at- large of the I )ayton City ('ouncil, but resigned his ol'tice t(j take hold of his present position. He is a member of the Republican Garfield Club, at l)a\ ton, of the bilks and the K. of R. On the 11th of Octolter, 1899, he was married to Miss Mary Belle Mussel- man. 'They reside at 100 West Second street, l)a\ ton, Ohio. His offices are located in the Post Office building of that city. William Foreman McDaniel, Clerk in the Cnited States Census office at Washington, D. C., to which position he was ai)])(nnted by the late Senator Marcus A. Hanna, in July, 1900, was born on the 0th of b'ebruary, 1S4.0, near Fort Recovery, Mercer County, Ohio. He was the son of John M( Daniel and Elizabeth Johnson McDaniel, both natives of Clarke County, Ohio. His ancestors were of Scotch- Irish extraction and were the descendants of the McDonald clan of Highland Scotch. His grandfather, James McDonald, came from Kentucky about the beginning of the nineteenth century and settled near Plattsburg, in Clark County, Ohio, and enlisted in the army during the War of 1812. His father moved from Clark Count\' about 1837 and settled on an eighty acre tract of land, a mile and a half from I'ort Recox'ery, where his son William F. was born in a log cabin. Mr. McDaniel receix’ed his early education in the common country schools of his home district. Later he attended the National Ncjrmal University at Lebanon, Ohio, for one term; the Ohio State Unix’ersity at C'olumbus, one year, and conpheted his course at the Ohi(j Normal Unix’ersity at ,\da, ( )hio, from which institution he graduated on the 19th (d July, 1894, with the degree of Bachelor of Science. He started in public life at the age of sixteen years as assistant teacher in a country school. He afterwards was a teacher of the public schools of Mercer C'ounty for a period of forty years and filled all the grades from a country teacher to Su|ierintendent of \ illage schools. He organized three graded schools, taught the high school and su]K‘rintended each for several years. He had just closed his school at Monteztima, Ohio, when he received his ap]iointment to the Census office. Lor two years he was occtpiied in the shoe business, but it not being to his liking he dis- posed of his interests in the business to attend school. In 1876, Mr. McDaniel was ai)poinled a member of the Board of IKaminers of Mercer County Teachers, and served tw'O terms. He also served several years as President of thc‘ County Teachers’ Institute. Mr. IMc Daniel is a lifelong Reptiblican. Socially, he is a member of Celina Lodge No. 241, 1'. N .\. M. (Past Master); Celina Chapter, R. A. M., No. 120; O. L. S., No. 91; Ivanhoe Commandery, Knights Templar, Van Wert, Ohio; Washington Council, Wkishingtcjn, 1). ('., and Celina Lodge No. 129, Knights of Pythias (Past Chancellor). He also is a member of Lincoln Post No. 3, Grand Army Republic, Department of the Potomac. He takes great delight in Sunday School work, and for many \vars has been the teacher of a class, that at the present, bears nearly one hundred names upon its roll. He loves to sa\- that during a long life he yet has his first drink of intoxicants to take. During the Ci\al War he ser\ed irom the 2nd of May, 1864 to the 2nd of September, 1864, in Company I, One Hundred ami FiftN’-Sixth ( )hio X'ohmteer Infantry. He was Sergeant Major of the Eightieth Battallion of Ohio National Guards at the time they wi-re called into ser\4ce, but to sa\’e the organization of the company of which he had formerly been a member, he re-entered it as a ])ri\ale. He was in one skirmish with his regiment against the Confederate Generals, McCauslin and Johnson, near ('umberland, Md., where the regiment was e-xjiosed to great danger. The battle lasted al)out five hours and was largely an artillery tight. Three of his brothers also took part in the Ci\41 War. Tw(^ of them died (4' disease, the third one is living in Central California. The original name of the Mc Daniels was Mc'Donald, but sometime between 1830 and 1840 it was changed to McDaniel Ity some branches ol the' lamiK'. Mr. Mc Daniel has been twice married. First to Minnie Robbins, in 1867, near Gibson City, Illinois. One son, I larr\- Mc Danic-l, who is an artist and is li\ ing at I'ort Recovery, ( )hio, was the fruit of their union. After the death of his wife, in 1S74, he, in 1 876, was married to Mrs. Mary A. Lhret, whose maiden name was Schuyler. Mr. McDaniel is a member of the Vermont A\-enuc‘ Christi.m Church (Discijcle), at Washington, D. C. He resides at 594 Park Road, N. W., Washington, D. C., where he and Mrs, Mcdlanic'l enjo\- their comfortable home and look forward to many years of real pleasure. Mr. Mc Daniel is a great, great grandson of Andrew McDonald, who at the age of eleven, ran away from home in Scotland and came to America about 1735. Family tradition says that he was an officer in the war of the Re\'olution, and James McDonald, ol West Libertx’, Ohio, who is one of his great grandsons, has in his jxjssession a sword, that the history c;f Logan County says he carried in that war. Andrew died in Berkeley County, Virginia, now West Virginia, near Har- pc.‘rs ferry, in 1799. William, his eldest sc;n, married Jeanett Filson, a sister of John 1-ilson, who wrote the first history of Kentucky and moved to Kentttcky abcnit 1779 and settled first near I.exington, but afterwards remo\ed to near where Cynthiana now stands; but disliking sla\ery he was greatly disappointed that Kentucky should Icecome a sla\’e state, and about 1862 he disposed ol his property there and went to Ohio, settling near the boundaiw' line of Clark and Chamjxiign Counties. He died in 1807, James, his second son, married fdizabeth Reid and John their eldest son, who married Elizabeth Johnson is the father of W. F., who is the suliject of this sketch. Patrick .lames McHugh, Superintendent ol the Cincinnati Free Public Lmplcjyment Bureau, was born on the Dth ol March, 1866, in Ireland, and came with his |)arents, James McHugh and Mary Maloney McHugh, to the 1 nited States, when but three memths old. The family settlexl in ( inc'innati, where Patrick James was educated in the parochial and jiublic schools. .\t the age ol sixteen he lelt school and was apprenticed to the plumbing business, which \'OCiition he has tollowed e\'er since. He is \ ery prominent in labor circles and has always worked \ ery hard to ad\-ance the interests of the laboring classes. f)n the 1st of October, 1909, he receixed his commission to his jxresent jxosition, signed Ixy Governor Judson Harmon of ( )hio, and State Commissioner of Labor Statistics, Chas. H. Wirmel. Mr. McHugh has always been a laithlul Democrat and has rendered x’alualde serxices to his ])arty, as delegate to conxentions as xxell as in the xariotis committees. He is a member ol the Democratic Countx' Lxecittix'e Committee. When Mr. f rank Heller xvas Building P. J McHUGH. XXM 1- NtcI>\NIia. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1181 Inspector, under Mayor Tafel’s administration, Mr. McHugh held the position of Deputy Building Insitector, ha\’ing charge of the Plumbing Department. He is a member and stockholder of the Duckworth (dub, and also holds membership in the Journeyman Plumbers’ Local Union No. 59; the Eagles and the Knights of C'olumbus. He was married to Miss Adflie Crow, of (dneinnati, on the 27th of November, 1889. His residence is located at 932 McMillan Street, Walnut Hills, (dneinnati, Ohio. Alexander Logan McKee, ( hief Clerk in the bbiited States Engineer’s Office, Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 1st of March, 1852, at Lancaster, Kentucky, the son of Alexander R. McKee, late United States Consul to Panama, United States of Columbia, and Martinette Hardin McKee, both natives of Kentucky. Mr. McKee’s father, while Consul to Panama, under Presi- dent Lincoln, from 1861 to 1865, rendered special service to the government in preventing the fitting out of vessels to act as privateers to prey upon the commerce on the ILicihc Ocean, sailing under the American Hag. Mr. McKee is the descendant of an old family, whose members ha^•e rendered service to their country in all the wars, from the Revo- lution to the Rebellion. He was educated in the public and in private schools, graduating at Frankfort, Ky., in 1870. At the age of eighteen years he started in business life as a clerk in a grocery store. Later he engaged in the general merchandise and in the milling business and worked as a s])ecial newspaper correspondent and as a public accountant. He now holds the responsible position of Chief Clerk in the office of the United States engineer, who has charge of the important River and Harbor work. Mr. McKee is the author of Riparian Rights, Navigable Waters in the United States, (Compilation of Decisions). In politics, Mr. McKee has always been a staunch Repul)lican. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, being a 32nd degree Mason and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. On the 27th of March, 1900, he was married to Miss Sue Wingate French. Air. McKee resides at 307 Broadway, Cincinnati, Ohio. Chris. McKee, Member of the State Senate, representing the Ninth-Fourteenth Senatorial District of Ohio in the upper house of the Se\enty-Eighth General Assembly, is a nati\e of Nol)le Count}'. He hrst saw the light of da>' on the 13th of December, 1840, on a farm in that part of Morgan County, which now is a part of Noble Cotmty, Ohio. In 1851, Noble County was erected by Act of the General Assend)ly from parts of Belmont, Guernsey, Alonroe, Alorgan and Wellington Counties, the Ijill for that purpose having been introduced by his father, who was a meml)er of the Legislature from Morgan County in 1837, 1850 and 1851. The father of Mr. Chris AlcKee, Ezra AlcKee, was a farmer and one of the early settlers of Central Ohio. Senator AlcKee obtained his education in the district schools of his home county. During vacation times and after school hours he worked on his fathers’ farm until he became of age, when he left the old home and went West, prospecting for gf)ld in Idaho and Oregon. After four years of strenuous work in the deserts and mountainous districts of those Western States he returned home in 1865, married, and settled on a farm in Noble County, where he still lives, and has been engaged since as a farmer, lumber con- tractor and oil producer, accumulating a comfortable fortune, especially in the last named business. Senatcu' McKee has always Ijcen a faithful Democrat, serving his party in many capacities. He was a candidate for Representati\'e six times, and never was jiresent at any con\'ention which nominated him. He was elected to the Hotise of Representatix'es of the Sixty-Ninth and Se\'ent\'- Eourth General Assemblies, and, in 1908 and again in 1910, was elected to the State Senate. After his election to the Senate he resigned his jrosition as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Athens State Hospital, to which he had been appointed b}- Governor Harris. Senator AlcKee resides with his family at Belle A’alley, Noble County, Ohio. A. L. McKEE. John Sillinian McNutt, Former Clerk of the Supreme Cotirt of Ohio, and one of the best known and most jtopular public men of the State of Ohio, was born April 13th, 1859, at New Waterford, Colum- biana County, Ohio, the son of J. C. AIcNutt and Mary h'erree AIcNutt, Ixjth nati\'cs of Pennsylvania. The father was for thirt}'-nine years Freight and Ticket Agent at New Waterford. Air. J. S.. McNutt recei^■cd his education in the public schools of his native county. At the age of twenty }'ears, in 1879, he became a meml)cr of the general merchandise firm of W’. C'. Chidister N: Co., New Waterford, O., remaining in that busi- ness until 1882, when he became connected with the State Line Coal Co., East Palestine, Ohio. From 1889 to 1897, Air. AIcNutt filled the positions of Secretary, Treasurer and Alanager of the Vhdean Clay Company, WTllsx'ille, Ohio, manufacturers of fire brick and paving brick; he was Secretary of the West Virginia Paxing Brick ('ompany, from 1895 to 1897, and Secretary of the Blanche ('oal (Amipany, Colliers, W. Va., from 1892 to 1895. He still is connected with the \arious industrial enterprises, being a Director and President of the W'illiams W'all Paper Co., 220 Oliver Axenue, Pittsl)urg; Secretarx' and Treasurer of The Salem Wall Paper and Carpet Company, Salem, Ohio; Director in The Union Wall Paiter Co., Clex’eland, Ohio, and Director in The IGrk Land Co., Salem, Ohio. He filled the position of Clerk of the Supreme Court of Ohio from 1909 to 1911, hax'ing been elected to that office in Noxember, 1908. Air. AIcNutt has been a stalxx'art Reitulxlican all his mature life and he has serx'cd his partx' faithfullx' and xvell. From 1893 to 1904 he xxas almost continuouslx' a member of the Republican County Executive Committee of ('f)lumbiana County. He has also serx'cd in the Pre- cint Committee; txxo terms as (diairman of the (7ounty Republican Committee and fixe years as Secretarx* of the County t'ommittee. In 1904 he was a Delegate to the National Conx'cntion at Chicago, xvhich nominated Air. Roosevelt for the Presidency. In 1896 he xvas elected Clerk of Courts of Columbiana Cotmty, Ohio, filling that office from August, 1897, to August, 1903. Socially, Air. AIcNutt is a member of Perrx' Lodge No. 185, E. lC A. AL, Salem, Ohio; Salem Chapter No. 94, R. A. AL, Salem, Ohio, and No. 258, B. P. O. Elks, East Lixerpool, Ohio. On the 21st of December, 1882, he xvas married to Miss Ida L. Hum, of Columbiana, Ohio. Mr. AIcNutt resides at 142 Lincoln Ax’enue, Salem, Ohio. 1182 THE BOOK OF OHIO. a mi;vi-;r. liernard Meyer, Assistant State I'ire Marshal, is a in-omincnt husiness man of Cincinnati, Ohio, and well known in Democratic circles of the Oneen City. He is a native of Damme, Oldenburg, Oermain-, born on the 13th of September, 1S.50, and was educated in the public schools of his nati\'c city. When fourteen years of age, he left school and took up the work on the farm, continuing in that vocation until twenty years of age, when he left the father- land and emigrated to the United States in order to escaire serving in the army. He came to Cincinnati in 1870 and found employment in the teamster business. In 1870 he engagerl in business of his own, conducting a teamster establishment until 1890, when he embarked in the undertaking business, in which he is still interested. Since he became naturalized, in 1870, Mr. Meyer has always been a faithful Democrat. In 1880 he moved to Price Hill, where he has since lived. i\t that time there were no street cars running there, and the only means of getting there was by incline or Inis, and if people failed to get the bus, they would have to walk. He was a stalile lioss of the city of Cincinnati during Mayor 'I'afd’s administration, and under the amdinistration of Mayor Dempsey he served for one >'ear as Inspector of the Streets. In 1890 he was elected Real Estate Assessor, being the first Democratic Assessor elected at that time in the twenty-ninth Ward, now the twentieth Ward, and strongly Repulilican. He is a member of the Duckworth Club; the National Union and the Catholic Knights of Ohio. On the 23rd of September, 1874, he was married to Miss Sophia Gardewink, who was also born in Germany. Five children have blessed their union, of whom two (boys) survive, who are connected with their father’s undertaking establishment, under the firm name of B. & II. Meyer. The faniih- reside at 819 Chateau Avenue, Price Hill. Mr. Meyer’s offices are located at ti08 Provident Bank Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. IHias R. Moufort, Postmaster of Cincinnati, and one ol the le.iding citizens of the Oueen City was born on the 2nd of March, 1842, in ( 'ireensbiirg, Ind. His jiarents were Rev. Joseph G. Mon- fort, D. D., 14.. D., and Hannah C. Riggs Monfort, natives of Ohio ami New' Jersey, re^pecl i\'el\'. fhe famil\- nio\ed to Cincinnati in bSo."), and in the year following Re\'. Di'. Monfort became President of Glendale College, Glendale, Ohio. The paternal side of Mr. Monfort’s family Ic-ads back to the Huguenots, who lied to England and Holland from Prance, sacrificing home and country lor their religious convictions. On his mother’s side lu‘ is of \\\4sh-English-Scot(4i ancestry. Among Captain Monfort’s ancestors are main’ distinguished soldiers and ministers ot the gospel. His great-gramlfather, Lawrence .Monfort, ,sc-r\ed during the Wkir of the Revolution in (’ai)tain Hugh Campbell’s Comi)any from 4'ork Count}’ in the Peimsyhania Line. David Cassat, another, in same company, was Peiinsyb’ania Militia into New Jersey. Captain Monfort received a \’er\’ carc4ul education in the ]niblic .schools of ('incinnati (Race Street Intermediate School), ,il the .Acadenn’ at Glendale, and at the Hanover College, Indiana, which latter inslitution he entered in IS.")',), He interrupted his studies at the outbreak of the Ci\ il W.ir, and, following President Lincoln’s call to arms, he enlisted as a private in Company .A, Si.xth ( )hio X'olunteer Inlantry, on the 18th of June, bStil. On the 5th of October, of the same \ear, he was iiromoted to Second Lieutenant, and transferred to the Seventy- fifth ()hio X’olunteer Infantry Regiment, remaining with that regiment until musterefl out of ser\’ice. f'or galkint ser\’ices on the field of battle, Mr. Aionfort was promoted to first Lieutenant on the loth of May, 1892, and another promotion to the Captaincy followed on the 12th ol January, 1893. At the battle ol Gettysburg, on the 2nd of July, 1893, Captain Adonfort was seriously wounded in his hip, which injury, it was at first feared, would iirox’e fatal, fuit after a long siege of sickness he recovered. His demeanor while under fire and at critical moments in the iMigagements gained for him high jiraise from his superior officers. On the 2nd of January, 189 1, he was honorably discharged and he returned to Hanover College to resume his studies. He graduated from that college in 1895, came to Cincinnati and entered the Cincinnati Law ScIkkiI, graduating from the same in 1897. He holds the degrees of A. B., A. M., LL. B., and LL. D. During 1895 and 1S99, while attending the law school he also w-as engaged as advertising agent. Immediately after his admission to the bar, Capt.iin Monfort began the practice of his chosen profession in Cincinnati. In 18ti8 he returned to his natal city, where he prac- ticed until 1874. In bS70 he was elected District Attorney for the Twenty-Second Indiana District, and twcj years later he was elected Prosecuting Attorne\’ for the Fourth Judicial District of Indiana. In 1874 he was aflmitted to practice before the Suia'eme Court ot Indiana. Returning to Cincinnati in 1875, he was forced to give up his legal profession on account of the injuries recei\'ed in the War, and therefore he entered the jfnirnalistic field, becoming Editor of the Herald and Presbyter, which position he held from 1875 until 1899. From 1874 until 1890 he was Secretary of the Elm Street Printing Compaiu”, from 188'-eight years. He was wounded in action at Shiloh, Tennessee, and left for dead on the field. Hon. Whitelaw Reid wrote the then Major’s obituary, which was published throughout the country, but, fortunately, he recovered from his wounds. General Runkle took part in the battles of Canifex B. p. RUNKLE. Ferry, Cotton Mountain, Somerset, Ky., Resacca, Georgia. He commanded during the 1186 'FHE BOOK OF OHIO. war, one of the two brigades of mounted infantry, then in the service, and was in many other skirmishes and affairs, including the Morgan Raid. He took part in the Atlanta (.'ami)aign as far as the Etowah River and then ordered to command of an infantry brigade in Ivast 'rennessee. He was retired on account of wounds received in action. Immediatelv after having recovered from his wounds received at Shiloh, he raised the Forty-Fifth Ohio Infantry, Volunteers, at his own e.xpense. In all, he raised and took to the field 1200 men. For many years he has served under orders of the President (as ('ommandant of Cadets, or Su]icrintendent) on militarv' educational duty at Kenyon College; Miami University, Ohio; llniversity of Maine; Peeksv ille Militarv' Academy, iS . New Jersey Military Academy and Miami Military Institute, Germantown, Ohio. ( )n the lOlh of Januarv, 1000, General Runkle was assigned to duty with the National Guard of Ohio. His office is in the State House, Columbus. Colonel Runkle is one of the seven founders of the Sigma Chi Fraternity, one of the great Greek Letter College f raternities of the countrv. He is a member of the Loyal Legion of the United States of McCoy Post, Grand Army Repub- lic; (jf the Lniversitv' Club of Washington, D. C., and the Ohio Club of Columbus, Ohio. The Colonel was married in 1894. His wife, a highly accomplished kid\-, was a daughter of Andrew McMicken and grand niece of Charles McMicken, founder of the Univer- sity of Cincinnati, and a granddaughter of General Joseph McDowell, of Ohio. Charles P. Salen, Of Cleveland, Ohio, Clerk of Courts of Cuv ahoga Chjuntv’, and one of the most energetic leaders in Democratic ranks in Cleveland, was born on the oth of December, ISdO, in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, the son of Peter Salen, a German by birth, and Fredericka W'yx, a native of Rheims, f iance. Mr. Charles P. Salen came with his j^arents to Cleveland when si.\ years of age. The father was a photograplu-r and settled on the W'estside of Cleveland. Mr. Charles P. Salen received his education in the Cleveland public schools, at Concord College, f'ort Wavne, Indiana, and at Cleveland High School, graduating from the latter in 1878. In 1880 he became identified with news|)a])er interests, entering the office of the old W'estside Sentinel. Sometime later he formed a partnership with fi. M. Heisle\- and established a weekly Democratic ]>aper. Upon being elected City Clerk, in 1883, he disposed of his paper, but, in 188") he began the i)ublication of the Graphic, which he conducted for two years. He then sold this paper, for he had again been elected to the oilice ol Cit\- Clerk, f'rom the time he attained his majority, Mr. Salen has been an active worker in Democratic raid I'ourth ( )hio Vohtnteer Inlantry, and saw active service in the expedition to Porto Rico, being in command of the regiment in the taking of Gtiyama. Since May, 1907, General Speaks is serxing in his present ])osition as Chief Warden of the h'ish and Game Commission, and his strict enforcement of the laws relatitig to the protection of fish, game and the song birds of Ohio has brought the department to the highest point of efficiency. General Speaks is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, a Knight 'I'emplar, K. ot P. and I. ( ). ( ). fi'. He also belongs to the Spanish War Veterans. On the 18th of April, 1889, General Speaks was marrix'd to Miss Fdna Lawyer, ol Canal Winchester. Three sons, Charles, Stanford and John have blessed their union. 1188 II \' sina iAiAN. the best known ( thioans. He is a natixe of John C. Sullivan, M ember ot the ( )hio Railroad Commission, ALirgaret Sullix’an, xvere natixes of Ireland, started to xxork at the earlx' age of thirteen neer and condtictor on the C. H. N 1). and J. C. SL'LLtX'.XN. xvas born on the 11th ot December, 1892, in Nexv York State. His parents, John and He received his edttcation in the ]Hiblic schools of his native state and at Bitffalo. He years, carrying xvater on a graxwfi train. Later he worked as a brakeman, fireman, engi- the Pennsylxania Railroacls (Oil ('reek Dixdsion). In Janttary, 1909, he was appointed t(j his ])resent ])osition tiy Governor Har- mon of Ohio. He has always been a statmeh Demoorat. Mr. Sitllivan is a sPxckholder in x'arious enterprises. So- cially, he is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and of the Traxxding Fngineers’ Association. He is single and resides at 45 Sherman Avenue, ('oltnnbus, ( )hio. John L. Sullivan, Former State Superx'isor of Ptildic Print- ing, xvas born Nox’ember 11th, 1890, in Noble Townshi]'), Auglaize County, Ohio. He xvas a son of Carter H. and FIx ira A. Stillixan, natix'es of Virginia and Ohio, respectively. There xx-ere .sex-en boys and seven girls in the family. The subject of this sketch secured his education in the common schools of his community, and afterxvards learned the printer’s trade at St. Marys. The greater portion of his business life has been spent in the print- J. L. SULLIVAN. rilE BOOK OF OHIO. 1189 ing office, he having been the editor and publisher of the St. Marys Graphic, a staunch Republican newspaper, for a number of years. He was a Postmaster of St. Marys for six years, and was appointed to the position of State Printer, by Governor Harris, June 1, 1908. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, I. O. O. F., K. of P. and \V. O. \V. He was Grand Master of the Ohio Odd Fellows in 1907-1908. He was married to Miss Clara F. Morvilius, of St. Marys, October 9th, 1893. Three children are the product of this union. Marcus A., Mary Magdalene and Joseph Benson. The family affiliate with the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Sullivan resides at East Liverpool, Ohio, where he again is engaged in the newspaper business. Charles J. Thompson, Postmaster of Defiance, Ohio, was born on the 24th of January, 1802, at Wapakoneta, Ohio, the son of Thomas J. Thompson and Emily Sallada (Thompson). The father was a native of x‘\rmagh County, Ireland. The mother is of Swiss, Welsh and French descent. The father left Ireland when a boy sixteen years of age and came alone to America. He was married in Columbus, Ohio, to Emily Sallada, the Salladies being one of the pioneer families of that city. Frederick Sallada, the grandfather of this sketch was formerly in the livery business in Columbus, and a partner of Mr. Neill the gentleman who btiilt the Neill House. In 1853 he crossed the jdains overland, before the day of railroads, to Cal- ifornia, being interested in the gold e.xcitemcnt of that period. Afterwards he returned to Ohio by sailing vessel by the way of South America and Terre del Fuego. Mr. Thomp- son has but one living relative in America aside from his own famih' (Mrs. L. N. Blume, of Wapakoneta, Ohio, his mother’s sister) his aunt. Mr. Charles J. Thompson was educated in the common schools at Wapakoneta, and at the Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio. He also worked in newspaper offices as job printer in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and received much of his education in that way. Mr. Thompson’s surroundings were always Democratic, yet he was always a firm and consistent Republican. At the age of twenty he was made Secretary of the Repub- lican Committee of Auglaize County, Ohio. Later he was called from school at Dela- ware to take position as Editor of the Anderson (Ind.) Herald, a Republican newspaper. There was a difference among the stockholders and the regular editor agreed to stand aside during the campaign of 1884. Mr. Thom]rson conducted the campaign with \dgor and ability and became acquainted with Hon. W. T. Durbin, with whom he worked, who afterwards became Governor of Indiana. At the dose of the campaign of 1884, Mr. 4'hompson returned to Wapakoneta and served as cashier and bookkeeper of the Waj)a- koneta Wheel W orks. In 1890 he purchased the Defiance Express, a Republican newspaper. He founded the daily edition in 1894. Eor thirteen years he was the spirit that permeated the policy of his newspaper and his party in Defiance County and made a reiuitation both at home and throughout the state as a newspaper man of ability and worth. He served on the State Central C'ommittee of the Republican party of Ohio a number of terms and was a warm friend of Senator Foraker and President Wm, McKinley, who appointed him Postmaster of Defiance, June 1st’, 1898, a position he has held since and filled with dignity and marked altility. Socially, Air. Thompson is prominent in Lodge Circles. He is a past Thrice Illustrious Master of the Masonic Council of his city and an officer in the Blue Lodge, Chapter and Commandery of lOefiance. He is present Exalted Ruler of Defiance Lodge of Elks and a Past Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War he was Captain of Thornton C'amp, Sons of \Tterans, of Defiance. Governor Bushnell gave him authority to organize a company of Sons of Veterans which was to be attached to a Sons of Veterans Regiment; but when others failed to organize their companies, Air. Thompson turned his compan>' over to the state and it was mustered into the Federal Service later, as Company M, Sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Mr. Thompson having just been appointed and con- firmed Postmaster, turned the Captaincy over to Captain J. F. Crandall, and did not himself go to the front. His company .ser\'ed in the Cuba campaign. Air. Thompson was married at W’apakoneta, Ohio, November Kith, 188(1, to Aliss Cora Craig. Four sons, Lewis B., Fred- erick S., Samuel C. and Charles J., Jr., have blessed their union. The family attend the C'hristian Church, ha\'ing transferred their membership from the Alethodist Chtirch on account of topography and location of that church, near their residence in the north part of the city of Defiance. David Tod, Of Youngstown, Ohio, was born at Girard, Trtimlntll County, Ohio, on the 25th of August, 187U, his parents Iteing William and Fran- ces Barnhisel Tod. His great-grandfather, George Tod, who was graduated from Yale about 1787, was a member of the Ohio Senate from Trumbull County in 1804-1805, and 1810-1814. He also served as Judge of the Court of Common Pleas when such judges were elected by the General Assembly. Air. David Tod’s grandfather, David Tod, represented Trumbull County in the Senate, in 1838- 1839; and in 1844, and again in 1840, was the Democratic Candidate for Governor of Ohio, being defeated each time by the candi- date of the Whig party. In 1801, as the candidate of the Republican party, he was elected Governor over Hugh J. Jewett, Demo- crat, retiring after one term. Governor 4'od’s son, William, father of the pre.sent Senator, engaged in manufacturing and other busi- ness at Youngstown, many of the enterprises with which he was connected being contintied by his son. Senator Tod received his education in the public schools of Wungstown, at Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind., and Yale, leaving college before graduating to begin a business career. Notwithstanding his varied and extensive business interests, Mr. Tod finds some time to devote to agri- culture, and conducts one of the finest farms in Trumbull County, just beyond the limits of Youngstown, and on which, with his wife, who was Miss Anna Stambaugh, of Youngstown, he makes his summer home. Senator Tod served as a member of the City Council of Youngstown, and as Chairman of the County and City Executive Committee of the Republican party. In 1908, and again In 1910, he was elected to the State Senate. Ralph W. Tyler, Auditor of the Navy Department, Washington, D. C., was born on the 13th of March, 1860, at Columbus, Ohio. His parents were James S. and Maria A. McAfee Tyler, both natives of Columbus, Ohio. His father served four years in the War of the Rebellion as (Quartermaster Sergeant of the Fifth Ohio (Colored) Infantry; was the first colored man to be elected clerk in the Ohio House of Representatives, and also was Deputy Sheriff of Franklin County. Mr. Tyler’s ancestors on his mother’s side were full-blooded Indians; his paternal ancestors were colored. He received his education in the public schools of Columbus, Ohio. Upon leaving school 1190 THE BOOK OF OHIO. he first taught school lor two terms and then he entered the journalistic field and was for seventeen years a member of the staff of the Columbus Kvening Dispatch, and for three years on the staff of the Ohio State Journal. He always has been a staunch Repub- lican, has ser\ed the jiarty well, and is considered a leader of great influence among the members of his race. In 1907 he was appfiinted, unsolicited on his part. Auditor of the Navy Department by President Roosevelt. He was married to Miss Carrie A. ■Mason, d'he}’ h;i\e three sons. The family attend St. Phillips Episcopal Church. Air. Tyler resides at Washington, D. C., during his incumbenc\' ot oflice. Arthur R. Turnbull, Mayor of the city of Canton, Ohio, was born on the 27th of Alay, 1866, in England, and is the son of Thomas K. and Jane Arthur Turnbull. Alayor Turnbull emigrated with his parents in 1870, the family settling in the vicinity of Canton. Air. Turnbull’s edu- cation w-as received through his own efforts. He started in business life at the age of eighteen years, when he bought a milk route. Later he embarked in the contracting business, making his specialty streets, sewers, etc. He now is President and Treasurer of the Alutual Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of perfumes, toilet articles, etc. In politics, Alayor Turnl)ull has always been a staunch Democrat and he has served his party and the people in general faithfully and well. There is no more popular man in Canton than Mayor Turnbull. He has been a member of Council for years and twice filled the office of President of that body. He now serves his third term as Mayor, having been elected the last time by the largest majority eyer giyen a Mayoralty can- didate. Socially, he is a 32nd degree Mason, an Elk and an Eagle. He is married and the father of one daughter. Mayor Turnbull resides at 1014 East Eourth Street, Canton, Ohio. ,A. R. TURNBULL. George Henderson Watkins, Late member of the State Board of Pul)lic Works, was born on the 17th of October, 1858, at Piketon, Ohio. He was the son of John H. and Sophia Watkins, both of whom were resi- dents of this state. Mr. Watkins’ father was ferryman at Piketon, Ohio for many years, and a man well known in the Southern part of Ohio. He was a private in the army during the War of the Rebellion, and died in the service. George H. Watkins was six months old wlirii the family mo\ed Iroin J’ikeltm to W’averly, Ohio, where he received his early education in the common schools until he had reached the age of fifteen years. The father ha\ ing died when Mr. Watkins was a child, the mother was remarried to Benjamin Lewis, who settled on a farm north of Waverly, residing there for a number of years. At the etirh' age of fifteen \ears Mr. W’atkitis was employed by Lauman & Allison, general merchants, on Rear Creek, where he remained until he was twenty years old. He then ojx'ned a store at Clifford, Ohio, for Mr. Lauman. He had charge of that store from 1878 until 1886, when he retno\ed to Wakefield and opened a store under the firm name of Latmian N Watkins. In 1900, Air. Watkins bought out the interests of his partner, and in the following year located his office at Columbus. There he engaged extensively in railroad tie contracting, in which l)usiness his name is known and on the books of the great railroad corporations in this and other states. Mr. Watkins has always been an ardent Keptiblican and is one of the conspicuous figures in Republican politics of the state. In I'ebruary, 181)8, he was made Superintendent of the Ohio Canals, and in 1902, was elected a member of the State Board of Public Works, which position he still holds and has filled with iibility and success. Mr. Watkins is a Mason. He was married in januar\-, 1879, to Lily I. Glaze, by which union he was the father of two sons and one daughter. He died in 1911, alter a short illness. John Jacob Wenner, Eormer Clerk of the Board of Public Ser- \ ice and of the Board of Control of Cin- cinnati, Ohio, was born March 9th, 1868, at Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of John J. Wenner and Alary Wortmann Wenner, both natives of Germany. The father emigrated to the United States in I860, and the mother in 1861. Mr. WTnner received his education at the Cincinnati public schools and at the Y. AI. C. A. Law School. Upon lea\’ing school he embarked in the mercantile business in which he was occupied for a number of years. At the age of twenty-six years he started in public life as Chief Deputy Clerk of the Courts of Hamilton County, Ohio. Mr. W'enner has always been a staunch Republican and he has served his party in many capacities. He was a delegate to numerous county and state conventions, and is a member of the Cincinnati Blaine Club, of the Masonic Fraternity and of the I. O. O. F. On the 2nd of September, 1890, he was married to Miss Lenora Ferrer. His residence is located at 3250 Columbia Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio. G. H. Watkins. J. J. WENNER. Wheeler Collier Wikoff, Inspector and Examiner of State Offices, Columbus, Ohio, was born on the 4th of March, 1856, on a farm in Adams County, Ohio. His father. General Allen T. W ikoff, was a man very prominent in the affairs of his state. He was Secretary of State from 1873 to 1875; Adjutant General under Governor R. B. Hayes and United States Pension Agent, at Columbus, Ohio, under Presidents Grant, Hayes and Arthur. Mr. Wikoff ’s mother was THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1191 Angeline Collier Wikoff. Both his parents were natives of Adan.s County, Ohio. Mr. W. C. Wikoff was educated in the public schools of Ohio and Indiana. He started in public life at the age of seventeen years as a clerk in the office of Secretary of State, under his father. He was appointed as a clerk in the office of the United States Pension Agent, in 1876, a position he filled for nine years. In 1883, Mr. Wikoff was elected Secretary of the American Association of Base Ball Clubs, and two years later, in 1885, to the positions of President, Secretary and Treasurer of said Association. From 1892 to 1899, IMr. Wikoff was Assistant Grand Secre- tary of the Grand Lodge of Ohio of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. From the 24th of July, 1902, until May, 1906, Mr. Wikoff filled the office of Ohio Canal Commissioner, and from May, 1906, until August, 1906, he was Chief Clerk in the Land Depart- ment of the State Board of Public Works. At that time he was appointed a State Examiner by State Auditor \\k D. Guilbert, and since May, 1908, he has held his present position, ha\'ing been re-appointed by State Auditor E. M. Fullington, on the 11th of January, 1909. In politics, Mr. Wikoff has always been a faithful Republican, and he has served his party in many capacities. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic Eraternity, a Noble of the Mystic Shrine and an Odd Fellow. He married Miss Clara M. Crane, of Jamestown, N. Y. His residence and offices are located in Columbus, Ohio. C. H. Wirniel, State Commissioner of Labor Statistics, was born in Cincinnati, December 14th, 1870, where he has made his home all his life. His father, Charles L. Wirmel, was a native of Bavaria, Germany, while his mother, Mary Ann Armbruster, was born and reared in Cincinnati. His father was a pioneer among the news dealers of Cincinnati, and, through his many years experience in that line, became one of the best known men in Hamilton County. Being the eldest of a family of seven children, after a meager education in the com- mon schools, he was early apprenticed to the machinists trade, in connection with which he took a night course in mechanical engineering at the Ohio Mechanics Institute at Cincinnati, after which he became identified with the steam engineering profession, making refrigeration a specialty. He began his public career at the age of twenty-se^•en years, when he served on a three year term as Engineer of the Cincinnati City Hall, during the administration of Mayor Tafel. Having been a lifelong Democrat, he earl}-’ attained prominence in the Democracy of Hamilton County, and in 1901 was his party’s candidate for Represen- tati\"e from Hamilton County. He later was made traveling representative of the Steam Engineers Union, having for his territory the Central States and the Canadian Province of Ontario. In October, 1907, he served a short term under Mayor Dempsey’s admin- istration as W ater Works Engineer at Cincinnati, after which he was again made the engineer’s special traveling representative for Ohio, and as such gained an intimate acquaintance with those prominent in labor, business and political circles throughout the entire state. i\Ir. Wirmel is the author of numerous technical and economic contributions which have appeared from time to time in engineering publications. On May 21st, 1909, he was appointed to his present office by Governor Judson Harmon. C. H. WIRMEL. Charles M. Wyman, The Representative from Shelby County in the 7Sth and 79th General Assembly of Ohio, was born in Sidney, March 25th, 1873. Judge W. C. Wyman, his father, was born in W'exford, Ireland, while his mother fnee Eleanore E. Ryan) was born in Boston, Mas- sachusetts. Mr. Wyman received his early education in the parochial school, afterwards attending the public schools, graduating from the Sidney High School in 1892. The same year he entered the employment of Thedieck’s Department Store, and at present is the general sales manager of that large mercantile concern, being also identified as a stockholder with the First National Exchange Bank, Sidney Tool Company, Sidney Home Telephone Company and Monarch Machine Company. Socially, he is Worthy President of the F. O. E.; Past Exalted Ruler of the B. P. O. E. Deputy Grand Knight of the Knights of Columbus, and likewise prominent member of the Imp. O. R. M.; K. O. T. M.; D. of P., etc. On October 5th, 1909, his marriage to Miss Amelia C. Mayer occurred. Mr. Wyman is a strong Democrat and has more than a local reputation as a campaign orator and after-dinner speaker. He resides at Sidnev, Ohio. C. M. Wi M.VN. John Wk Zuber, State Fire Marshal of Ohio, was born on the 2nd of May, 1873, at Antwerp, Paulding County, this state. His father, John B. Zuber, a merchant, was a native of Berne, Swit- zerland, while his mother, Mrs. Mary E. Chaney Zuber, was born in Clermont County, Ohio. Her ancestors came generations ago into this country and settled in Pennsyh'ania, then emigrated to Ohio, in 1841, when Mrs. Zuber was one year old. Mr. John W. Zuber received his education in the public and high schools at Antwerp, after which he attended the Law School of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, graduating in 1894, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. Mr. Zuber began his active career in 1895, when, at the age of only twenty-two years he was elected Mayor of the \ illage of Ant\\ erp. Immediately after his admission to the bar he had taken up the practice of his chosen J. W. ZUBER. 1192 THE BOOK OF OHIO. profession in Antwerp, in which he has been \’ery successful. Mr. Zuber has always been a staunch Democrat and has served his part\’ often and well. He is a member of the Democratic Executive Committee of Paulding County and Treasurer of same. In ISO? lu- was elected Pnjsecuting Attorne\- of Paulding County, and at the expiration of his first term of office, having served with distinction, was re-elected to the same office. ( )n the 5th of June, 1909, he was appointed to his present position by Governor Harmon. Socially, Mr. Zuber is a member of the Independent Order of Red Men. He was married on the 10th of February, 1898, to Miss Minnie F. Chorpenning. ( )ne child, John Milton Zuber, born on the 21st of Fel)ruary, 1907, has been the fruit of their marriage. The famih' reside at Paulding, < )hio. Mr. Zuber’s office is located in the State Building, Columbus, Ohio. II w Ai i.i;n. .Asa Coleman, a pioneer resident of Troy. Henry Ware Allen, ( )f 'Froy, Miami CAjunty, Ohio, w-as born in Pembroke, Mass., on the 6th day of April, 1822, and died March 21, 1910. He w-as the son ot Rev. Morrill Allen, a minister of the 1 nitarian Church, a leader of note in his church and in the agricultural affairs of the State of Massachusetts. This branch of the Allen family came from England In 1638, their irrogenitor being James Allen. Henry Ware Allen received his education in the common schools of his neighbor- hood and in the Academy of Hanover and Normal School of Bridgewater in the same state. In 1848, when tw'enty-six years of age, he came to Ohio and settled in Troy, with the interests of which city he was prominently and closely identified. His first invest- ment was in mill ])roperty, and he was interested in the Ijusiness of milling for a period of nearly sixty-two years. His operations brought him into close touch with the leading business men of the city and county, and led to his becoming cnie c;f the prime movers of the organization of the First National Bank, Troy, of which he was for forty-five years the efficient President. He kept in close touch with various interests of the county from Its earliest manu- facturing days, and perhaps no man in Miami County was better informed as to its general business conditions. He acriuired cjuite a number of business properties in Troy, and was the owner of a number of fine farms. His ability and integrity as a business man commanded for him always the respect and confidence of the community in which he lived. Mr. Allen’s first marriage was with Mary Dean Hastings Smith, in January, 1851. She died in July of the same year. In 1853 he married Pamela Hale, daughter of Dr. ( )f this union there were ten children, seven of whom are living. Samuel Cummins Arbuckle, 01 ( olumbus, ( )hio. Assistant Secretary of the Ohio Bankers Association, was born on tlu' I llh ot March, 1880, at Sidney, ( )hio, the son cjf F. H. Arbuckle, deceased, and Jane ( ummins .Arbuckle, both nati\’es of Ohio. The mother now lives with two other sons at 101 West Fdghly- 1 hird Street, New A’ork (dty. Mr. Samuel C. Arbuckle was edu- cated in the ])ublic schools and at the high school of his native city, graduating from high school with the class of 1897. During the iall cam[)aigns of 1895, 1896 and 1897, he w'as em])loyed as a cU“rk with the Shelby ( ounty Re])ublican F.xccutive Committee, remaining otit ol school the first term of l)oth 1895 and 1896, and making up work afterward. Flpon lea\ ing school, Mr. .Arbuckle became connected with the F'irst National F.xchange Bank, at SidiUA', and later with the Bank of South Charleston, South Charleston, Ohio. In No\ember, 1902, he was aitixfinted A.ssistant Secretary of the Ohio Bankers’ Association, while in the employ ol the Bank f>f South (diarleston, and since the fall of 1907, he is in charge ol the ( )hio Bankers .Association hearlciuarters, Columitus, Ohio. In politics, Mr. ■ Xrbu-.'kle is a Rejitiblican. He lielongs to the Sons of the American Revolution. On the 12th ot December, 1901, he was married to Miss Anne Harrold, of South Charleston, Ohio. They have one daughter, Vir- . ginia Kno.x Arbuckle. Mr. Arbuckle resides at 449 W’est Sixth Street, Colum- l)us, O. His offices are located in the WA’andotte Building, that city. S. C. ARBUCKLE O, .M. BAKE. Oliver Morton Bake, ( )f Hamilton, Ohio, Vice-President of the Miami Valley National Bank of that city, and one of the most prominent citizens of Hamilton, is a native of Indiana, being born on the 6th day of October, 1865, in F'ranklin County, Indiana, the son of Perry Harrison Bake and Mary Fdizabeth Stephenson Bake, of Swiss and Scotch-Irish abstraction. His father was one of the pioneer farmers of Indiana. Mr. Bake obtained his education in the ixil)llc schools of his native state, and at the Academy at Oxford. At the age of seventeen years he entered upon his business career, opening The Corner Bank, the first bank at College Corner, Ohio. Since that time Mr. Bake has been actively engaged in the bank- ing and manufacturing business of the southw'estern part of Ohio. As mentioned above, he is Vice-President of the Miami Valley National Bank, one of the leading financial institutions of the city of Hamilton. He also is President of The First National Bank of Camden, Ohio; Director of the Merchants’ National Bank, of Cincinnati; President of The Frank Schantz Company, and Director of the following companies: The Black-Claw- - son Co., Hamilton Home Telephone Co., The Sanitary Manufacturing Co., The Ceramic A'lachinery Co., all of Hamilton, Ohio; President of the Valley Telephone Co., of Lebanon, Ohio; Director of the Chicago Reduction Co., of Chicago; The Detroit Reduction Co., of THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1193 Detroit, and The Sidney Steel Scraper Co., of Sidney, Ohio. In politics, he is of the Republican faith, while socially he is a 32nd degree Mason and Knight Templar; a member of the Syrian Temple, A. O. O. M. S.; Hamilton Lodge B. P. O. E.; I. O. O. F.; Mason, Ohio Lodge; I. O. O. F. Encampment; Past Grand Chancellor of Ohio of the Knights of Pythias; Amrita Temple, Cincinnati, Ohio; D. O. K. K. On the 17th of January, 1906, he was joined in marriage to Miss Marian McDannold. One daughter has blessed their union. Mr. Bake lives with his family at 112 Heaton Street, Hamilton, Ohio, and his office is located at High and Second Streets, of that city. Roeliff Brinkerhofif. General Roeliff Brinkerhoff, late of Mansfield, Ohio, one of the greatest men the State of Ohio has called her own, was descended from one of the oldest Knickerbocker families. He was the seventh generation in direct lineage from Joris Derickson Brinkerhoff, who emigrated from Dretland, Holland, settled in New Netherlands in 1638, and became the progenitor of the family in America, establishing his home in Brooklyn. Many of the descendants of this first emigrant are still living on Long Island, and in the city of New York, and a few are scattered through the Western States. General Brinkerhoft was born in Owasco, Cayuga County, New York, on the 28th of June, 1828. His father was a native of Pennsylvania. His mother descended from the union of two historic families of France, Bouvier and De Marat, Huguenots, who fled from the religious persecutions in their native France and found refuge among the tolerant Dutch of the New Netherlands. General Brinkerhoff was educated in the public schools of his native county and for a time attended the academy at Auburn. At sixteen he taught school in his native town, and at seventeen he had charge of a school at Henderson\ ille, Tennessee. Two years later he was a tutor at the Hermitage in the family of Andrew Jackson, Jr., where he remained three years. In 1850 he came north and became a student in the office of his relative. Judge Jacob Brinkerhoff, at Mansfield, Ohio. In 1852 he was admitted to the bar and continued to practice until the War of the Rebellion broke out. On February 3rd, 1852, he was married to Mary Lake Bentley, of Mansfield, Ohio. While engaged in the practice of law, from 1855 to 1859, he was editor and proprietor of the Mansfield Herald. He entered the military service of the Union in September, 1861, as First Lieu- tenant and Regimental Quartermaster of the Sixty-Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In November of the same year he was promoted to the rank of Captain and Assistant Quar- termaster. Alter Nashville was captured by the Union forces he was placed in charge ol land and ri\er transportation, with head- quarters in that city. Thence he was ordered to the front and placed in charge of the field transportation of the Army of the Ohio, subsequent to the battle of Pittsburg Landing. W’hen Corinth was taken, he returned home on sick lea\'e, and upon regaining his health was ordered to Maine as Chief Quartermaster of the State. Later he was transferred to Pittsburg and was placed in charge of transportation and army stores. From there he was sent to Washington as Post Quartermaster, where he remained until 1865. He was then promoted to the rank of Colonel and made Inspector of the Quartermaster Department. In that capacity he remained on duty at the War office with Secretary Stanton, until November, 1865, when he was ordered to Cincinnati as Chief Quartermaster of the department. In September, 1866, he was made Brigadier General of Volunteers by brevet, and declined a commission in the Army, which was tendered. He was mustered out at his own request on the 1st of October, after a continuous service of fi\-e years. Without delay he returned to Mansfield and resumed his law practice, which was continued until 1873, when he accepted the position of cashier and e.xecutive manager of the Mansfield Savings Bank, which he assisted in organizing. Later he became its President, a position he held until his death. General Brinkerhoft was one of the promoters, and a charter member of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society, which he also served as President. For a great many years he has been a member of the State Board of Char- ities. He has devoted much time and thought to the subject of prison management and reform, and was a member of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections. An important feature of this philanthropic work is the National Prison Association. In 1895 he was a delegate and chairman of the delegation, from the United States to the International Prison Congress, held at Paris, France. In that Congress he delivered a public address on American Prisons Systems. The plan of representing Ohio at the World’s Columbian Exposition by the famous group of statuary in front of the Capitol Building, at Columbus, was evohed l)y General Brinkerhoft as President of the Archaeological Society. He, in connection with Governor Chas. Foster, inaugurated the “Cottage System” in the construction of Insane Asylums. The institution at Toledo is a lasting monument to their philanthro[diy and fore- sight. General Brinkerhoff was a man of large abilities and great force of character, and he belonged to the men of which the State of Ohio has every reason to be proud. General Brinkerhoft departed this life on the 4th of June, 1911. Herbert G. Catrow, Of Miamisburg, Ohio, Colonel of the Third Regiment, Ohio National Guard, was born on the 11th of December, 1871, at Miamisburg, the son of N. J. Catrow and Sarah M. Groby Catrow, both nati\-es of the Buckeye State. His father is a prominent banker and business man of Southern Ohio. On his father’s side. Colonel Catrow is of French descent, while his maternal ancestors are of Penn- sylvania German origin. Colonel Catrow was educated in New Jersey and at the Pennsylvania Military College, Chester, Pa., grad- uating from the latter institution in 1893, recei\'ing the degree of C. E. He started in public life at the age of twent>'-two years as Civil Engineer for the City of Philadelphia, l^pon leaving that position he toured Europe, visiting the principal countries. After his return to his native land he engaged in the bond business in the East, and then came back to Ohio, where he took charge of his personal affairs. He is also interested in a number of business enterprises In Miamisburg and Dayton, and in Mining in Western Colorado and ITtah. In politics. Colonel Catrow is an ardent Republican. Socially, he is a Mason, an Elk, K. of P. and U. O. A. AT For many years Colonel Catrow has been connected with the military affairs of Ohio. He joined the Ohio National Guard on the 20th of September, 1899, entering Company G, of the Third Regiment, as a private. On the 1st of November, 1899, he was promoted to First Lieutenant. He became Captain of Company H, on the 10th of April, 1900, and was promoted to Major on the 5th of July, of the same year. He occupies his present rank since the 21st of November, 1904. On the 31st of Januar>', 1894, Colonel Catrow was married to Miss May Johnson. They have three children. The Colonel resides at Miamisburg. His business offices are located in the U. B. Building, Dayton, Ohio. R BRINKERHOFF, 1194 THE BOOK OF OHIO. M. R. DliNVI-R. Matthew Rombach Denver, ( )f Wilmington, Ohio, member of Congress from the Sixth Ohio Congressional District, was born December 21st, 1870, at Wilmington, Ohio. His parents. General James W. 1 )en\ er and Louise C. Rombach were natives of Virginia and Ohio, respectively. During the Mexican War, General James W. Denver, his father, recruited Company II , of the d'welfth Cnited States Infantry, of which he was commissioned Captain on April 9th, 1847, and ser\ ed in General Scott’s army from Vera Cruz until the termination of hos- lilities at the city of Mexico. He was afterwards chosen President of the National Association of Wterans of the War with Mexico. In 1853, General Denver was elected Secretary of State of California and served until 1855. He was a member of the Thirty- Fourth ('ongress from the State of California; Territorial Governor of Kansas from 1855 to 1858, of which territory Colorado was then a part, and it was he for whom the beau- tiful city of Denver was named. At the outbreak of the Civil War he warmly espoused the cause of the Union and, unsolicited, received from President Lincoln, on August 14th, 18()l, the Commission of Brigadier General. He was first placed in command of all the troo])s in Kansas, but was soon afterward transferred to a more active field, and cemnnanded the Third Brigade, Sherman’s Division, Army of the Tennessee, until April, 18(>3. (V)ngressman I)en\’cr received a very careful education and was graduated from ( '.eorgetown I 'nieersity, Washington, D. C., with the degree of A. B. Mr. Denver has always been a staunch Democrat. He started in public life at the age of twenty-five years as a delegate to the National Democratic Convention at Chicago, in 189G, which nominated W. J. Bryan for the first time for the Presidency. Twelve years later, in 1908, ,VTr. Denver was one of the delegates-at-large from the State of Ohio to the National Convention at Denver, where Mr. Bryan received his third nomination for the highest office in the gift of the people. In the mean- time he seiw'cd two terms on both the State Central and Executive Committees. In 190G, Mr. Denver was elected to Congress from the Sixth Congressional Ohio District. While a member of the Sixtieth ('ongress he served on the Committee on Mileage and on the Committee on Insular Affairs. He introduced a number of private Pension Bills, one General Pension Bill, a bill to extend the I'ranking Pri\'ilege to the i)ublieations of the Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations of the States and Territories; one Public Building Bill, and one for a Memorial Monument to mark the birth place of General Grant. Congressman Denver is extensiAely interested in farming, manufacturing and banking enterprises. He Is President of the Cdinton C'ounty National Bank; Vice-President of the Irwin Auger Bit Co. and Farciuhar Furnace Company; Treasurer of The Na- tional Safety Snap Company and The Charles Hunnicutt C'ompany. A proof of his immense popularity in his home district is the fact that he wms unanimously re-nominated for Congress on the 28th of May, 1908, and re-elected the following fall, receiving IGOO plur- ality, wdiile Mr. Taft carried the district by al)Out 4()0(). Lie w-as elected to a third term in 1910. On the 24th of October, 1900, he was married to Miss Veda Slack. They have two children, Virginia and Kathryn. Nicholas Diehl, A prominent citizen of Cincinnati, (4hio, in which city he wms born on the 18th of October, 1849, and where he has resided all his life, is a man w'ell known and respected in the business and political circles of his native city. As his name indicates, he is of German abstraction, his parents, George Diehl and Anna Marie Diehl, nee Becker, having emigrated to the United States from the Father- land. Mr. Diehl received his education in St. John’s Parochial School of the Queen City. He is, in the true sense of the word, a “self- made man,’’ for early in his life he was compelled to earn his living by hard w-ork. He learned the trade of machine moulding, and became a successful commission merchant, retiring from business in 1898; 'later he became interested in the banking business, devoting some of his time to it. He w^as married in 1873 to Adiss Josephine Butscha, who departed this life, leaving no children. His second marriage wars consummated wdien he married Miss Josephine Ervent, in 1897. Four children, two boys and two girls are the issue of their marriage. Air. Idiehl has ahvays been a faithful adherent of the principles of the Democratic party, but was never an offensive partisan. He has served his party in a faithful manner as delegate to many conventions as well as a member of the House of Representatives of the Ohio Legislature, to which office he was elected in the fall of 1895, serving one term. Mr. Diehl is a man of sterling integrity, and has wmn the respect of all who know him. He is the Treasurer of the Findlay Market No. 2, Loan and Building Asscjciation, of the United Banking and Savings Company and of St. John’s Congregation at Cincinnati. He also is a member and for a numl)er of years served as one of the Trustees of the St. Aloysius Orphan Society, one of the most chari- table societies of the city of Cincinnati. John Hoge, Of Zanesville, Ohio, one of the most prominent business men of that city, is a native of Zanesville, and is the son of Israel and Betsey A. Doster Huge, both nati\es of Frederick County, Virginia. The parents located in Zanesville, wdiere the father became engaged in the drug business. He also seiwed as Postmaster for tw'o terms. The family is of Scotch ancestry; Air. Hoge’s ancestor, William Hoge, having emigrated from Berwdekshire, England, about the end of the seventeenth century, to escape the persecutions of the Stuarts. Air. Hoge inherited from his parents a strong constitution. In his veins flows the blood of a sturdy race, Scotch and Quaker predominating. Upon leaving school, at the age of fifteen years, he began his business career as an employee in the soap works of the late William Schultz, a relative by marriage. From this moment on, Mr. Hoge began to make his mark in the world. Before he had reached his majority. Air. Hoge had hcli')ed to develop the Schultz plant of which he soon became a partner, and under his management the business grew' to very large proportions. No product of a manufacturing establishment wms better known in a large section of the country than certain brands of soap produced by Schultz & Company. The dominating influence of his life was the secret of his marvelous success attending his career as a manufacturer — absolute integrity in dealing wdth the public. He originated many novel plans for attracting juiblic attention and interesting purchasers of his goods. He thus took high rank among the great advertisers of the country, and in a broad sense pioneered some of the most popular and effective means employed to this day. As the years went by he became interested in other business enterprises. In 1879, with his partner, the late Robert D. Schultz, he built the then best appointed opera house in his part of the state in connection with a business block of most charming architectural appearance. He also became greatly interested in banking affairs, and his name is enrolled in the list of stock- holders of nearly all the leading industries of Zanesville. In politics, he has always been a staunch Republican, but never held nor aspired for office, although repeatedly urged to accept places of distinction. Mr. Hoge is a self-made man in the noblest sense of the word; a man of great ideals, a lover of art and public-spirited almost to a fault. He resides at Zanesville, Ohio. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1195 William Edward Hutton, A leading banker and broker, of Cincinnati, with offices in the First National Bank Building, that city, was born on the Kith of March, 1845, at Smithfield, Jefferson County, Ohio, the son of Levi and Elizabeth Hutton. The father, a farmer, was a native of Penn- sylvania, while the mother was born in Delaware, Mr. Hutton was educated in the country schools at Mt. Olivet, Belmont County, Ohio. At the age of eighteen years, Mr. Hutton started in business life as a stock boy with the firm of C. B. Camp & Co., 95 and 97 West Third Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. He afterwards moved to Kansas City, where he was engaged in the railroad business, as ticket agent for the Missouri Pacific, and General Western Passenger Agent for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. Upon his return to Cincinnati he was for a time clerk in the Cincinnati Post Office, United States Gauger in the Internal Revenue Department, and Manager of the James Walsh & Co., Distillery, on Gest Street. He finally entered the banking and brokerage business, in which he became very successful. Mr. Hutton is also a Director in the Columbus Gas & Fuel Company; The Toledo Railways & Light Co.; The Cincinnati, Dayton & Toledo Inter- urban Railway Co., and the United States Printing Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. In politics, Mr. Hutton has always been a staunch Republican. He was a member of the Board of Public Service of Cincinnati, having been appointed by Mayor Julius Fleisch- mann to succeed James Allison. Socially, he is a member of the Bankers’ Club, filling at this time the office of President of that organization; Cincinnati Business Men’s Club; Cuvier Press Club; Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, and of the Cincinnati Stock Exchange. He has been President of the Cincinnati Stock E.xchange, and Secretary and Vice-President of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce. During the War of the Rebel- lion, Mr. Hutton served in the One Hundred and Thirty-Seventh Ohio Wlunteer Infan- try as a private. Mr. Hutton was married twice. His first wife’s name was Cornelia Pendleton Morgan. After her death he was married to Miss Edith C. Morgan. Both were daughters of Mr. James P. Morgan, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. Hutton has four children and six grandchildren. He resides at 918 Dana Avenue. His offices are in the First National Bank Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. Jacob Joseph Johnson, Of New Lexington, Ohio, deceased, who during a life of usefulness was one of the most respected citizens, a prominent financier and public official of his home city and count>-, was born on the 28th of August 1821, at Waynesburg, Greene County, Pennsylvania. His parents, Jacob and Sarah Johnson, were natives of New Jersey. The father died when Mr. Johnson was but seven years of age. Two years later he settled with his mother on a farm in Reading Township, Perry County, Ohio, where he remained until he was eighteen years of age. He had received his education in the public schools, working on the farm during his vacations and after school hours. At the age of eighteen he began teaching school; he later entered the banking business in which he remained until his death, which occurred on the 8th of August, 1908, when Mr. Johnson was President of The Perry County Bank Company, having occupied that position since 1879. Mr. Johnson was a staunch disciple of the Democratic party all his mature life. From 1850 to 1854, and from 1858 to 1862, he served as Sheriff of Perry Country from 1870 to 1874 he filled the position of Treasurer of Perry County, and from 1880 to 1890 he was a mem- ber of the State Board of Equalization, representing the Perry-Muskingum District in that body. He also was a member of the Board of Managers of the Ohio Penitentiarv during Governor Foraker’s administration. In April, 1847, he was married to Miss Permelia, daughter of John and Nancy Tutwiler, who died on the 8th of August, 1899. Ten children were the fruit of their happy union, six of whom, Mrs. James Patridge, Albert V., Francis J., Mrs. T. M. Bennett, M’illiam and Mrs. M. H. Donahue are sur- viving. The funeral ser\ices for Mr. Johnson were held at St. Rose’s Catholic Church, New Lexington, of which he was a dewoted memlier. Samuel L. McCune, National Bank Examiner, with headquarters at Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 3()th of June, 1875, at Athens, Ohio. His parents, John and Maria Pickering McCune (father native of Pennsyh'ania, mother of Ohio) are of Scotch-Irish descent. His ancestors on his father’s side came from Ireland previous to the Revolutionar\’ W’ar and settled in Pennsylvania; later they removed to Ohio about the year 1840, engaging in farming in Athens county. Mr. McCune obtained his education in the Athens public and high schools, graduating from the latter in 1892, after which he attended the Ohio I ni\ ersit>’ at Athens, Ohio, taking a Philosophical course and from which he graduated in 1896, receiving the degree of B. Ph. He later took up the study of law under the guidance of General Chas. H. Grosvenor, at Athens, but he never practiced this profession. Subse- quent to studying Blackstone, Mr. McCune entered the banking business of J. D. Brown. The Bank of Athens, with which he was connected until 1902, when he was appointed to his present position of National Bank Examiner by President Roose\'elt, being at that time the 3’oungest in the service. In politics, Mr. AlcCune is a Republican. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic Fraternity in its \-arious branches, a Past Eminent Commander and a member of the Phi Delta Theta College Fraternity. In 1907. Mr. McCune was married to Miss Marguerite K. Dwinell, of Chillicothe, Ohio. His offices are located in the Government Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. 1196 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Cl \l_ I )l'. MH-.KI'.R. Claude Meeker, Of C'olumbus, Ohio, stock broker and dealer in in\'estment securities, one of the best known Democrats of the State, was l)orn on the 20th of December, 1801, in the Capital City of Ohio, the son of Mr. Oeorge W. Meeker and Mrs. Harriet Hatch Meeker, natives of Ohio and Connecticut, respectively. His father, formerly Mayor of Columbus, was intimately connected with the Democratic politics of Ohio for a period of more than forty years and was Secretary of the State Committee at the time of his death. He was a member of the bar and a brilliant wwiter on political topics. Mr. Claude Meeker obtained his education in the public schools of Columbus, at the College of Nebraska and Bryan’s business C'ollege. After leaving college he entered upon a newspaper career and for several years was (ui the staff of the Cincinnati Enquirer. At the age of twenty- eight years he was appointed “Secretary to the Governor” under James P2. Campbell. Eour years later, in 1893, President Cleveland appointed Mr. Meeker to the post of Consul to Bradford, England. Upon his return from England, after the expiration of his term of office, Mr. Meeker engaged in the brokerage business in which he has been \ery successful. Politically he has been a staunch Democrat all his mature life. He is a member of the B. P. (). E. On the 1st of July, 1890, he was married to Miss Eliza- beth Parks, daughter of Dr. J. M. Parks, Hamilton, Ohio. Three children, Marjorie, Campbell and Marion, have Ijlessed their union. They all were born during their parents residence in England. Mr. Meeker resides at Melrose Place, Bullit Park, while his offices are situated in the Capitol Trust Building, East Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio. Otto Miller, .\ ])romineni banker of Clewland, Ohio, was born on the 3rd of July, 1874, in Cleveland, the son of Jam?s H. and Sophia M. Miller. The father was ,i I'nion soldier who served as Eieutenant and Adjutant in the Eirst Ohio Light Artillery under General James Barnett. Mr. Miller w ,is educated in the University School and was graduated with the class in 1893. In the fall of the same year he entered ^'ale College, and, in IS9(i completed a course in the Sheffield Scientihe School, receiving the degree of Ph. B. The following year was (K‘\()led to tra\el, during which jieriod he visited many parts of the world. At the outbreak of the War with Spain he enlisted as a member of Troo]) C, Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, with the rank of Quartermaster Sergeant. The command was sent to Chatta- nooga, reimessi'e, and Lakewood, Elorida, and afterwards to Huntsville, Ala., l)ut w’as never called to the scene of action and when ilu’ war was brought to a successful termination, Mr. Miller was mustered out of the service in Cleveland. He afterwards engaged for se\eral \'ears in the bond business, and, in 1908, l)ecame a ])artner in the hrm of Hayden, Miller & Company, handling municipal and cor|)oration bonds. He has been largely instrumental in placing his firm in the front rank among the enterprises of this char- acter in the cii\-. Mr. Miller is a Director in the Bank of Commerce National Association; Treasurer of the Lhiiversity School; Director of Tlu' d'roo]) Riding Academy. On the 4th of December, 1901, Mr. Miller married Miss Elizabeth Clark Tyler, of Cleve- land, Ohio. Two sons were born to them, (>tto Jr. and Washington Tyler. Mr. Miller is a prominent member of the Union, Univer- sity Ta\ern, Chagrin X’alley Hunt and Country (dubs of Cleveland, of the University Cluli of New York, and of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He is greatly interested in the military affairs of the State and is prominently connected with the Cavalry, Ohio National Guard, being Captain of d'roop A, in which he has served as private, corporal, second and first Lieutenant. He was also jiersoiud aide-de-c.nnp to Go\'crnors Herrick, Pattison and Harmon. He belongs to the S])anish War Veterans’ Association, the Sons of the American Re\dlution and to the Loyal Legion. David II. Moore, ( )f .\theiis, ( )hio, was born on the 11th of Octolier, 1851). His grandfather’s family crossed the Allegheny Mountains from Worcester, Massachusetts, with the first Ohio settlers, and arrix'ing at Marietta, where most of them settled, David Moore, grandfather of Da\id H. Moore, who married Dolly Hastings, of Boylestown, Mass., brought her to their f.imily, west, settled on Sunday Creek, Trimble Township, Athens County, and finalh’ took up a (piarter section of land about two miles west ol Athens, known loCcdK' I. ( ). ( ). F. and of the ( )hio Club. Dr. Carpenter resides at 11)6 Buttles Avmnue, Columbus, Ohio. John W. Clark, Chief Phvsician of the Ohio Penitentiary, at Columbus, is a native of Pine Grovxp Gallia CAnmty, Ohio, where he was born on the 2Sth ol June, 1870, the son of W. Wa Clark, a farmer, and Mrs, Christine Caldwell Clark, Ixjth of whom were born in Ohio. On his fathers’ side, Dr. Clark is of Fnglish extraction, while his mother’s people are of German descent. Dr. Clark’s education was obtained in the ])ublic and high schools of his home county, after which he entered the Ohio Medical University, graduating from that institution in 1893 with the degree of M. D., when he began the practice of his chosen profession. Dr. Clark’s political affiliations are with the Democratic partva which he has served faithfullv' and well. 'Fwice he was nominated for office, once as Representativ^e of Lawrence County and once for Coroner of Jackson ('ounty, but both times he was defeated with the balance of the tickets, the counties Iveing heavily Republican. Under President Clcweland’s administration he served as a member of the Pension Board in \’inton County. In January, 1909, Dr. Clark was appointed Chief Physician of the Ohio Penitentiary by Governor Harmon. Fie also IM-actices his profession in the Cai)ital C'ity. Socially, Dr. Clark is a Mason, K. of P., Redman, I. O. O. F., a Woodman of the World and a member of the Democratic Club of Jackson C'ounty. He was married to Miss Mamie B. Olivier, from Washington County, in 1S92. Three children have blessed their union. The dcjctor resides at 480 East Spring Street; his office is located at 427 East Long Street, Columluts, Ohio. Clarence E. Drake, M. D., .\ pirominent physician and surgeon of Zanesville, Ohio, was born in Marietta, Ohio, in 1872, and is the son of John C. Drake, who owned and operated a farm in Washington County for many years. He was a nativm of Zanesville, and in later j^ears returned to his native city where he became engaged in the lumber business. Dr. Drake’s mother, Lucy Stowe Drake, was also a nativ^e Ohioan, born in Washington County. Dr. Drake obtained his education in the camntry schools and at Marietta College, from which he grad- uated in 1892. He then read medicine with Dr. E. C. Brush and attended lectures at Starling Medical C'ollege, Columbus, grad- THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1201 uating in 1898. In 1897 he enlisted as a private in the First Light Artillery, Ohio National Guard, of which he was made Corporal. On the 16th of April, 1898, he was chosen Captain, and on the 10th of May of the same year was made assistant surgeon of his regiment. 'Fhe day following he became sergeant-major of the Ohio Volunteer Light Artillery, by appointment, and went to Camp Bushnell with the volunteers of the Spanish-American War. The regiment was then sent to Chickamauga, where it remained until the close of the war. On the 19th of August, 1903, he was commissioned Major-Sergeant of his regiment. Following his return from Chicka- mauga, Dr. Drake began the practice of his profession at Zanes\'ille, in which he became very successful. He is a member of the County and State Medical Associations and of the Association of United States Military Surgeons. On the 24th of October, 1901, Dr. Drake was married to Miss Garnett L. Dunn, of Zanesville, Ohio. In politics. Dr. Drake is a Republican, and he and his wife are well known socially in Zanesville, where they are universal favorites. Edson James Emerick, One of the best known physicians of Columbus, Ohio, and Superintendent of the State Institution for feeble-minded, is a native of the Buckeye State, born on the 28th of October, 1863, at Fayette, Fulton County, Ohio. His parents, James P. and Mary A. Humphrey Emerick were natives of New York State. Dr. Emerick’s education was obtained at the Faj-ette Normal University of Michigan and Long Island Medical College, from which latter institution he graduated in 1887. After his graduation he took up the practice of his profession in Columbus, in which he has been very successful. On the loth of May, 1907, he was appointed Superintendent of the State Institution for Feeble- Minded. Dr. Emerick is a member of the Columbus Academy of Medicine; the Ohio State Medical Association; the American Medical Association; he is also a Knight Templar, Scottish Rite, a Shriner and K. of P. On the 16th of September, 1891, he was married to Miss Alice Cary Dill. He attends the Methodist Church at King Avenue, Columbus. His residence is located in the Institution for Feeble-Minded, Columbus, O. Earl W. Euans, M. D., E. J. EMERICK. A prominent physician and surgeon, of Columbus, Ohio, was born on the 15th of January, 1871, at Urbana, Ohio. His parents, John W. Euans, a commercial traveler, and Eliza- beth Hunter Euans, were natives of Champaign County, Ohio. His ancestors on both sides of the family originally came from New Jersey and Virginia, respectively. W hen Dr. Euans was ten years of age he remo\'ed with his parents to New York City, in the common and high schools of which he was educated. Later he attended the Ohio Medical Plniversity, graduating from the same in 1897, with the degree of M. D. In the same year he opened an office and since then he has been successfully engaged in his profession, acquiring a large clientele. His office is located at 1450 North High Street, Columbus. Dr. Euans is a member of the medical staff of the Grant Hospital, Columbus. For a period of two years and six months he was City Physician of Columbus. His political affiliation is with the Republican party. Socially, he is a member and Vice-President of the Columbus Academy of Medicine; a member of the Ohio State Medical Society; of the American Medical Association, and Treasurer of the Northside Medical Research Society. He also is a member of the Alpha Kappa Kappa College Fraternity. In 1902 he was married to Mrs. Cora Tajdor. The doctor resides at 1450 North High Street, Columbus, Ohio. Frank E. Gibson, A prominent physician of Washington, D. C., was born on Sunday, the 16th of November, 1873, at of John F. and Minnie A. Gibson, both natives of Ohio. He obtained his education in the common the Business High School and the Medical School of the Columbian Phriversity, Wash- ington, D. C., from which institution he graduated in 1899, recei\ing the degree of _M. D. He started upon the practice of his profession at the age of twenty-seven years, at Washington. Dr. Gibson is prominently connected with the Masonic Fraternity and Eilks. He has taken quite an interest in fancy drills, being Captain of Columbia Com- mandery No. 2, K. T., at Washington, D. C., whose team won the prize at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., June 10th, 1907, and also Captain of Almos Temple Patrol of Washing- ton, D. C. (Shriners). This organization won the championship of North America at St. Paul, Minn., June 15th, 1909. Dr. Gibson is the author of Gibson’s Fancy Drills. He is a Director of the Washington Board of Trade and of the staff' of Garfield Hospital. He is also on the membership list of Washington Medical Association; Washington Medical Society, and Treasurer of the Washington Medical and Surgical Society. His IKjlitical affiliations belong to the Republican party. His office is located at 927 Eye Street, N. Wk, Washington, D. C. Washington, 1). C., the son schools of the Capital City; Joseph A. Hall, M, D., Of Cincinnati, was born on the 4th of klecember, 1872, at New England, Ohio, the son of Dr. Rufus Bartlett Hall and Margaret Chandler Hall, both natives of Ohio. Dr. Hall’s great-grandfather, Justis Hall, a native of New York State, remo\'ed to Marietta, Ohio, in 1809, and, one year later, he settled on government land which is now Aurelius Town- shi]). The grandfather was a farmer and millwright, and was engaged in that vocation until his death, in 1886. Dr. Rufus Bartlett Hall, Dr. Joseph A. Hall’s father, is a prom- inent physician and surgeon in Cincinnati. One of Dr. Hall’s direct ancestors, Josiah Bartlett, w'as one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Dr. J. A. Hall received a thorough education in the public schools and at Hughes High School, Cincinnati, after which he attended Ohio Military Institute, College Hill, Ohio; the Ohio W’esleyan TIIR BOOK OF OHIO. I ni\ersit>-, at Delaware, and the Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, from which latter institution he graduated on the 1st of April, 1907, receix’ing the degree of M. D. At the age of twenty-five years Dr. Hall took up the practice of Medicine and Surgery. I le is the surgeon of the Norfolk and Western Railroad and of the C., H. & D. Railroad. In politu's. Dr. Hall is a staunch Republican. He holds membership in the Cincinnati Blaine Club; in the Beta Theta Pi College Fraternity and in the Alpha Kappa Kappa Medical Fraternity. He is a member of the Commission for the erection of the Lima State llos])ital for the Criminal Insane. Dr. J. A. Hall is prominently connected with the militar\- affairs of the state. He took part in the Spanish-American War, in the capacity of Acting Assistant Surgeon, United States Armjy which position he held from 189, S till 1900. He mjw is Major, Medical Corps, Ohio National Guard, and Acting Deputy Surgeon General of Ohio National Guard. He has served on the military staffs of Governors Myron T. Herrick, John M. Pattison and Andrew L. Harris, and holds the same position on the staff of Governor Judson Harmon. On the 1st of January, 1901, he was united in marriage with Miss Lucia Mae Wheeler. Dr. Hall resides at 27)18 Auburn Avenue, Cincinnati. His offices are located at 628 Elm Street, that city. Rufus Bartlett Hall, A. M., M. D., ( )f Cincinnati, ()hio, was bern in Aurelius Township, Washington County, Ohio, on the 17)th day of May, 1849, the son of Joseph B. and Irene Nartlett Hall, both natives of the State of New York. He is of Scotch-Fnglish e.xtraction. His grandfather, Justis Hall, a native of New York State, removed to Marietta, Ohio, in 1809, and one year later he settled on government land which is now Aurelius I'owu^hip. The >.ime land is the old home and is now owned by his brother, Levi Hall. Dr. Hall’s father was a farmer and mill- w right, ,md was engaged in that \ocation until his death, in 1886. I'he laitiih- consisted of fottrteen children. Dr. Hall was reared on the homestead farm and attended the local schools. At the ;tgc of thirteen, lu' etitt'red a pri\'ate school ;it Lowell, Ohio, and remained tw-o years. After this he entered the public school at M.iriettit atul remaitied three \’ears, when he returned as a teacher to his native township, wdiere he taught school for tw'O years. Dttring this (itne lu> iK'gan the study of medicine, and, in 1869, he matriculated at the Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, ()hio, gr;tdtt', Ohio, practicing in that locality for two years. On account of poor health he then removed lo Santa Barbara, Calilornia, where he practiced for one year. At the ex])iration of that time lu‘ made a tour of the Southern States, looking for a suitable location, lint was not fiuorably impressed with that region at the time, and, ujron his return, he located in Chillieotlug Ohio, July 26lh, 1877), remaining there until April 3rd, 1888, when he came to ( in 'itmat i. In 1881, Dr. I hdl wetit to Europe, (kwoting one year to the studv of surgery, under l>ri\ate tutors. Since his return, in 1887), he has given special attention to abdominal surgery and gynecolog}'. In June, 1897), Dr. Hall receix'ed the degree of A. M. from the Miami University for ])ioneer ;md original work in his special department of surgery. He has contributed numerous articles to the wirious h'oreign and American Medical Journals, reporting original ivsearch work Irom lime to time. He is a memlter of the American Medical .Association; llu> British Medical Association; the American Association of f.)bstetricians ’ears de\'Oted to professional work in Newark and Wellington, removed in 1868 to Columbus, where he continued in active practice for three years. Failing health then caused his retirement from the profession, and establishing his home upon a farm he lived amid such surroundings until the 20th of March, 1901, when he passed away at the age of seventy-seven years. He had been greatly benefitted by his removal to the country, and thus li\-ed to a ripe old age. He had several years sur\d\-ed his wife, who jrassed away in 1894. She bore the maiden name of .Angeline Patterson and was a native of Delaware County, Ohio. While spending his youthful days under his paternal roof. Dr. Alaurice P. Hunt acquired his education in the schools of Delaware County, Colum- bus and Indianapolis, Indiana. Interested from early youth in the science and practice of medicine and surgery, he resolved to follow in his father’s professional footsteps, and entered upon his professional training in 1875, being graduated from Cleveland Home- opathic College with the class of 1879. Thus, well equipped for his chosen \ocation, he commenced practice in Selma, Clark County, and, in 1883, removed to Delaware, Ohio, where he practiced for ten years. On the e.xpiration of that period he went to Ann Arbor, Michigan and accepted the professorship of diseases of women and obstetrics in the Homoe- opathic College of the University of Michigan. He also held the professorship of the same branches in Cleveland Medical College for the purpose of delivering his lectures before the classes of that institution. Following his removal to Columbus, he has in that city enjoyed marked distinction by reason of his success in surgery, giving his atten- tion exclusively to this branch of professional services for a number of years. His labors have largely set the standard for surgical work in Columbus, and from his professional Imethern he has received cordial evidences of respect and appreciation. His researches have been broad, his study most thorough. Mdse in the law of general science, he is recognized as a master of construction and functions of the component parts of the human body, of the changes induced l)y the onslaughts of disease and of the defects cast upon them as a legacy by progenitors of existence. .Aided by this knowledge he has that remarkable skill that is an essential element in the success of the surgeon, and moreover his work is permeated at all times by a ready and broad sympathy. Since 1896 he has been at the head of the Sixth A\'enue Private Hospital, which he established in that year, and his work in this connection has been extended, varied and important. Dr. Hunt has perhaps the most valuable medical library of any private practitioner of the city, and has been a frequent contributor on surgical subjects to the medical publications of the country. He is, moreo\er, a member of the Board of Directors and of the Executi\'e Committee of the new Grant Hospital, and is a member of the .American Homeopathic Society. In 1881, occurred the marriage of Dr. Hunt and Fuella J. Kitchen, a native of Clark County. They occupy an enviable position in social circles and are members of the Broad Street Presbyterian Church. Dr. Hunt is interested in all that pertains to the welfare and upbuilding of the city, and as a member of the Board of Trade champions various measures for the expansion of the city in lines of trade and commerce. Prominent in Masonry, he has attained the 32nd degree of the Scottish Rite. .All interests, however, are secondary with him to his professional service and unfaltering devotion to his daily duties, and his constant reading and investigations haA'e enabled him to fulh' meet the highest standard of requirement inxthe field of his chosen vocation. M. P. HUNT. Asa B. Isham, One of the leading physicians of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 12th of July, 1844, at Jackson C. H., Ohio. His father. Chapman Isham, was a native of Wilbraham, Massachusetts, while his mother. Airs. Alary .Ann Faulkner Isham, was born in Jackson C. H., Ohio. The father was a leading citizen of Jackson; a merchant, banker and iron manufacturer. Dr. Isham was educated in private schools; at the district schools of Jackson and the Alarietta College .Academy. .At the age of fifteen years he started in business- life, at first operating a buzz saw in a furniture factory. .After a while he was advanced to the position of stoker of the engine, and from 1204 2UIE BOOK OF OHIO. Harry Simmer Kiskadden, A prominent plusieian and snrt;eon of Hetroii, Michigan, was I)orn on the 2oth of March, 1857, at Upper Sandusky, Ohio, the son of Alexander and ldi/cd)elh Williams Kiskadden, natives of Madison and Richland Counties, Ohio. Dr. Kiskadden was educated in tlu' ])ul)lic schools of ()hio, Indiana and Illinois, the Xorthern Indiana Normal School and the Uni\'ersity of Illinois, graduating from the Medical Department ot the latter institution (College of Physicians and Sur- gi'ons, Chicago, Illinois) in March, 1885, taking up the |)ractice of his chosen i)rolession immedi.iteK’ after his graduation. 1 !e settled in I letroit, where he holds a high rank atnong tlu‘ memliers of his |)rofession. Dr. Kiskadden is an ardent Republican. Me is an ex-mem- bi-r of the board of Health of Detroit, and was a memlier of the State Military Medical Hoard during the Spanish-. \merican War. Socially, Dr. Kiskadden is a member of Corinthian bodge, !■'. N .\. M.; Monroe ( hapter, R. A. M.; Detroit Commandery, K. T.; I. ( ). ( ). I’.; Detroit Hoard of Commerce, and last bitt not least, a |)romincnt member of the Hoard of ( Toxernors of the Ohio Society of Detroit. On the 27th of Sep- tember, 18S7, Dr. Kiskadden was married to Miss Sarah Josephine White, of Richmond, Indiana. Two ihildreti, Domdd Selden and Cameron Harry Kiskadden have blessed their ttnion. bhe famih’ attxmds the hirst Congregational ('hurch of Detroit, and the doctor is a member of the ( Ongregational Club of that city. Dr. Kiskadden resifles .it 204 K.isi 1 hmcock .\\'emu', Detroit, while his sitmmcr residence is located at Idden- k.isk K.irnis, ITTexille, Mii'h. His offices are situated at 271 W'oodward Avenue, Detroit. Mich. I I. S. KISKADDEN Floras Fremont Lawrence, .A promiiumt surgeon of C'olumbus, Ohio, and surgeon and chief of stafl to the Lawrence Hosjiital, a hospital organized and named for him by aliout fifty business and professional nu“ii of the Capital Cit\' of Ohio, was born on the 10th of March, 1803, at Wadsworth, .Media. 1 Counts', Ohio. His jrarents, Re\'. Oman Lawrence and Camilla Lawrence, were lioth natixes of Ohio, and of Scotch parentage. Rev. Laxvrence, a Methodist Epis- cop.il minister, ot the Northern Ohio Conference, probably built more nexv churches atid parsonages, repaired more churches and parson- .iges, atid r.iised (he money to pax’ off the debts of more small churches in Ohio than any other minister in the history of the state, lie did this solelx' by unselfish efforts and an earnest devotion xvhich made him an exmngelist in truth. Dr. Laxvrence, his son, xvas edttc.itx-d in the common schools, at the Academy at Saxannah, Ohio, and at Baldxvin Unixersity, Herea, (Jhio. After his grad- ti.ition Ironi the latter institution he attended the Columlnis Medical College, from xvhich he graduated iti 1885. Outside of his degree of AI. D., Dr. Laxvrence possesses the degree of D. S., from Baldxvin LIniversity, and that of LL. D., from WMoster University. He that to engineer to fill an emergencx’. After having serx'cd in the latter capacity for a fexx' xveeks, and hax'ing by great good fortune failed fo exi)lode the boiler, the factorx’ was closed doxvn by reason of financial distress, xvhereupon young Isham entered the news- paper field, at first in the capacity of printers' dex’il, then as compositor and finally as Associate Editor of the Lake Superior Journal, .Manittelte, .Michigan. He was engaged ttpon the journal from October, 18()0 to May 1802, when he accepted the position of reporter and citx' editor of the Detroit Dailx’ Tribtnu'. ( )n the 18th of Nox’cmber, 18f)2, he left the newspaper bitsiness and enlisted as a private in the Sex-enth Michigan Volunteer Cax'alry Regiment. Shortly after he was promoted to Sergeant of Comitany I. In an action near Wffirrenton Junction, Va., on the 14th of May, 18()3, he xx'as severely xvounded, but recox’ered, re-joined his regiment the last of December, 1803, and xvas promoted First Lieutenant of Company F', on the 22nd of .March, 1804. On the 11th of May, of that year, he was slightly wounded and captured by the enemy at Velloxv Tax erti, Va., remaining a prisoner of xvar until the 11th of Decem- ber, 1804, when he xvas paroled lor exchange at Charleston, S. C. On the 14th of April, 18()5, he xvas honorably discharged for disability, in consequence of wounds received in action. He then returned to his native state, entered the Ohio Medical College, and graduated from that institution on the 1st of March, 180i), xxdth the degree of M. D. il(‘ also holds the honorary degree of Master of Arts, conferred upon him by Marietta College, in 1880. After leax ing college. Dr. Isham took up the practice of his profession, .md he noxv is one of the leading ])hysicians of Cincinnati, Ohio. From 187G to 1880, Dr. Lham xvas jirofessor of Physiology, and of Adateria Medica and Therapeutics in the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. Dr. Isham is the author of “Prisoners of W'ar and Military Prisons, ’’ “Historical Sketch of the Seventh Michigan Volunteer Cax'alry,’’ editor (jf “SiihygiiKjgraphy and Cardigraphy,’'’ and has contributed many .irticles and addresses to medical and secular prints. He xvas a member of the Board of Police Examiners of Cincinnati, from 1880 to 1003; a member of the Boarrl of United Slates Pension Examiners during President Harrison’s administration; a Trustee of the Cincinnati Hospital, from IffOO to 1903, and a Medical Director of the Cincinnati Hos- ])ital Irom 1903 to 1900, and Irom 1908 to 1910. For many years he has filled the office of Trustee of the Academy ot Medicine, and of Trustee (jf the Wffilnut Hills Lodge, F. & ,\. M . lie .ilso XV. IS a Comm.inder of the ( )hio Cf)mmandery of the Loyal Legion; Commander of P'rod C. Jones Post, Grand Army Republic; President of the .\cademy of Medicine; Alaster cjf WAilntit Hills Lodge, F. & A. M., and President of the Marietta College ('hib. He is a nuanber of the ( irand .\rmy Rc])tiblic and the Loyal Legion; the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati; the Ohio State Mi-dical Socieix'; the .\merican Medic'al .Association; Cincinnati Literary Club; Marietta College Chib; the Masonic Fraternity; the Sex'(.-nth Michig.in C.ix'.drx' .\ssoci;ition, and of (Aister’s Michigan Caxmlry Brigade Association. On the lOth of October, 1870, Dr. Lham was mni'rix-d to Aliss M.irx’ Hamlin Keyt. Sex’en children have blessed their ttnion; Mary K. Isham, M. A., M. D., Asa C. Isham, Stis.mn.i Isham (m.irried to Air. Richard C. Sxving), Alonzo K. Isham, S. B., Frances C. Isham, Helen Isham (married to Mr. Ldw.ird C. Kirkpatrick), and Eleanor Louise Isham, B. A. (married to Mr. Frank P. Atkins). The family reside at 849 Oak Street, WalntU Hills, Cincinnati, Ohio. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1205 started upon his professional career as a physician and surgeon at the age of twenty-two years. He performed the first operation upon the gall bladder ever performed in Central Ohio, in August, 1887, on a German named Theodore \A'ohlgemuth, who is still living and well. Dr. Lawrence has held the following professional positions: President Cen- tral Ohio Medical Association, 1894; President Columbus Academy of iMedicine, 1905; Secretary of the Section on Diseases of Women and Obstetrics, American IMedical Associa- tion, 1900; Vice-Chairman of the same Section, 1905; First Vice-President of the Mis- sissippi Valley Medical Association, 1908; and First \dce-President of the Ohio State Medical Association, in 1903. His political affiliation is with the Republican party. Socially, Dr. Lawrence is a member of Columbus Lodge, Xo. 30, F. & A. M.; Ohio Chapter X'o. 12, R. A. M.; Columbus Council: Knoch Lodge of Perfection, A. A. S. R. ; Franklin Council, P. of J., of which he is and has been for the past three years. Sovereign Prince; Columbus Chapter, Rose Croix and Scioto Consistory; Alladin Tem- I pie, M. M. S. On the 1st of January, 1885, Dr. Lawrence was married to Miss Cora Estelle Pierce. Three children have been born to them, Gerald Pierce Lawrence, James I Cooper Lawrence and Elizabeth Camille Lawrence. The family attend the Methodist Episcopal Church. Dr. Lawrence resides at 449 West Se^■enth Street; his offices are located at 328 East State Street, Columbus, Ohio. Sherman Leach, M. D., Member of the surgical staff of the Protestant Hospital; surgeon of Mercy Hospital, and one of the best known physicians and surgeons of Columbus, Ohio, was born on the 30th of May, 1864, at Mt. Sterling, Madison County, Ohio. His parents, William T. Leach, a contractor, and iMrs. Anna Bostwick Leach, were natives of Wrmont, the father ha\dng come to Columbus at an early age. Dr. Leach obtained his education at the F. F. LAWRENCE. public schools of Mt. Sterling, after which he attended Starling Medical College, Colum- bus, graduating from same in 1887. He then practiced in Mt. Sterling until 1896, when, seeking a larger field for his professional activity, he came to Columbus, where he has resided ever since. But even before his removal to Columbus he was identified with the Ohio Medical College and the Protestant Hospital as lecturer, professor of surgery and surgeon. Since 1900, Dr. Leach is practicing surgery alone. The doctor is a mem- ber of the Masonic Fraternitj- in its various branches; he also belongs to the Columbus Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Association and the American Medical Association. In 1889 he was married to Miss M. Hornbeck. His wife died in 1895, leaving one daughter. Miss Jane M. Leach. The doctor resides at 802 North High Street, Columbus, Ohio. Stewart LeRoy McCurdy, Surgeon, was born at Bowerston, Harrison County, Ohio, July 15, 1859, son of Peter and Mary A. (Bower) McCurdy. He was educated in the public schools, followed by special courses; graduated from the Columbus Medical College in 1881, and from the New York Post Graduate Medical School and Hospital in 1885; took the degree of M. D. at the Ohio Medical Lhiiversity in 1890 and received the honorary degree of A, M., from Scio College in 1894. He was married to Susan Rigg Street, of Dennison, Ohio. September 1st, 1887. Professor of Anatomy and Oral Surgery at the School of Den- tistry, Lmiversity of Pittsburg, since 1896; Surgeon of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis, and the Pennsylvania Railroads; Orthopedic Surgeon for the Columbia and the Presbyterian Hospitals. In 1890 he served at the Vanderbilt Clinic, Orthopedic Hospital and Institute for Ruptured and Crippled Children, New York City. He was a Trustee, 1887-1893, and Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, 1887-1891, at the Ohio Medical Universitv, Columbus SHER.M.AN LEACH. Dr. McCurdy is the author of a manual of “Orthopedic Surgery” (1898), and “Oral Surgery” (1901 and 1911). “Anatomy in Abstract,” “Emergencies in Abstract,” and “Arthrosteopedic Surgery” (1909) ; also many articles on Orthopedic Surgery for medical journals throughout the country. He is a member of the American Medical Association; the American Orthopedic Association; the Ohio and Pennsylvania State Medical Societies; the International Medical Congress, 1893, and Secretary of the Ohio Society of Pittsburg, 1911. His immediate ancestors were natives of Harrison County, Ohio, the town of Bowerstown having been settled by his mother’s family in 18(17. His mother is li\-ing at the age of eighty, and three grandparents, four great-grandparents and one great-great-grandfather are buried in the old family cemetery near Bowerstown. Dr. McCurdy’s present home is at 422 Franklin Street, Wilkinsburg, Pa., and hi.s office is in the Jenkins Arcade Building. Pittsburg, Pa. S. L. McCURD'l'. Maplewood Sanatorium, Near Lebanon, Ohio, owned and operated by the Dr. J. L. Stephens C ompany, ranks among the foremost institutions of its kind in the country, hounded in 1875, by Dr. y. L. Stephens, it is devoted exclusively to the treatment of opium and liquor inebriety - Here the users of various forms of alcohol and opium find a home where they are cured of their disease, a place of refuge where men and women from all parts of the countr\' lav down their burden of trouble and rest in quiet seclusion while being restored to 120(i 'FHE BOOK OF OHIO. health, i'a'crted and speciall}' ecjuipped, it is adniirai)ly adapted to meet all the requirements of its chosen line of work, while possess- inj 4 all a(l\antai;es known to the profession. A cozy and home-like feeling per\'ades to an extent not ordinarily found in the average sanitorium. d he institution is the oldest ot its kind in the Ihiited States, and during the last thirty years has treated and cured thousands of opitiin and alcoholic habitues. 'I'he location ol the Maplewood Sanatorium is an ideal one. Between the Big and Little Miami Rivi-rs the countr\- rolls awa\- in fertile \alleys and wooded hills, to form the most picturestiue and healthful portion of the State of ()hio. Situated on one of these hills, three-ciuarters of a mile from the pretty little city of Lebanon, surrounded by deep and shady lawns, Maplewood Sanatorium o\-erlooks one ol the most ;ittracti\’e landscapes imaginable. The beautiful grounds, fdled with trees, llov\'cring shrubs, winding walks, driws, rtistic seats and swings, afford the patient a delightful place lor rest and outdoor recreation, rile grounds lorm a natural ]iark ol six acres, d'he windows and porches of the Sanatorium all look upon sitacious lawns, where maple trees afford a shade to the patients, who, in w;irm weather, find enjoyment in the open air. A portion of the grounds is devoted to cro(|uet and games, while lu-re and there in some secluded nooks, are hammocks and reclining chairs. The buildings are admir- ably adapted for this special purpose, modern in detiiil and ecjuipment, and afford an agreealtle home with scientific advantages for the patient. The aiijiearance and effect of the gnutnds and buildings are those of a generously planned country home, well-elevated and surrounded by scener\' of natural beaut\'. In this sanitaritim the patient has the advantage of the accumulated experience ac(|uiia'd in thirt\-li\'e \'ears’ treatment and obseiwation of a large xatriety of opitim and alcoholic cases. Physicians are in attendance da\ .md night, ihtis gi\ing patii'iits the benefit ol constant ad\'ice and oversight. The .Sanatorium management endeavors to give patients and guests the best jxissible .seiwii'c in e\ery deiiartment. Years of effort and accomplishment have jilaced at the command of the general manager, mans' impros'enuMits and added lacilities, all of w'hich are vahted as a means to an end — the ideal worked for is a perleclly e(|uippi‘d S.matoritim and a ])leasant home combined in one. Edward Emmet Montgomery, .A prominent surgeon ol Philadelphia, I’a., was born on the 15th of May, 1849, at Newark, ()hio, the son of Henry A. Montgomery, a C'a])tain in the Cis il War, and Mary L. Lemert Montgomery, both natives ot Ohio. Dr. Montgomery was educated at Denison ITniver- sily, ('iransille, ()hio, and Jefferson Medical College, at Philadelphia, graduating from Denison in 1871 and from Jefferson Medical College in 1874. Dr. Montgomery holds the following degrees : B. S. ; M . D. ; A. M . ( I Ion.) and LL. D. I le graduated in medicine at the age of twenty-five, when he became an interne at the Philadelphia Hospital, w'here he sers ed tourteen months. He \\ms ai)])ointed Obstetrician of the staff in 1878 and served fifteen years. He was private teacher at Jefferson College in Physiology in 1876-1878; anatomy, 1878-1880, and operative surgery at the Women’s Hospital in 1879; was Pro- fessor of Cynecology in the Adedico-Chirurgical College from 1886-1891; Professor of (Ibstetrics and Cynecology in Jefferson Medical College from 1892-1898, and holds the (diair ot Cynecology from 1898; he is (gynecologist to St. Joseph's Hospital from 1891 and to Jefferson Hospital from 1892. Dr. Montgomery is the author of three editions ot “Practical Cynecology,” ot contributions to Keating and Coe “Cynecology,” American 4'ext Book of Cynecology, and to Keen’s System of Surgery.” He is a member of the Philadelphia Obstetrical Society, the Philadelphia County Adedical Society, Philadelphia Aledical Cdul), PennsyK'ania State Adedical Society, American Medical Association and the American ( lynecological Society. He also is a i)rominent member of the Ohio Society of Philadelphia, Pa. He was married on the 27th of December, 1876, to Miss Helen Buckley. Two children w-ere the fruit of their marriage, one of whom, Mrs. P. Brooke Bland, is li\ing. Dr. and Mrs. Montgomery attend the Central Christian Chui'ch of I ’nikididijl.ia. 1 lie\' reside at 17('ff Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Their summer residence is located at Verree Road, F(jx Chase, Ba. I' I- MON I .lolin Lewis Payne, ,\ wadi known ])h\'sician ot ( incinnati, ( )hio, was born on the 22nd of December, 1873, in North Carolina, and is the son caf John Wesley I’.iyne, a larnu'r, and Alary Aloore Payne, both natiaes of North Carolina. On his father’s side he is of English and Irish .uuvstry, while bis mother’s iamily is of Cerman and Irish origin. Both branches of the tamily are lor general ions in this count r}\ being among the early settlers (jf old Virginia. Dr. Bayne was educated in the |uiblic and high schools ol his native state, at Lenoir ( ollege. Hickory, N. ( ., at a busine.ss college, and at the Cincinnati Eclectic College, eradualing Irom the latter in 1899, with the degree of AI. I). He entered u])(jn his pro- U'ssion.il career in Cincinnati, where he has built iq) a large practice. He is a member ol the lacult\' ol the h.clectic Aledical Institute, ot C incinnati, (occupying the chairs of Histology and .Associate Bathology, and is in charge ot the Histological and Pathological l..iboralories of that institution, and Pathologist to The Seton Hospital. Dr. Payne is .1 nu'inber K1 ICMARn mother, Anna iM . l\'le, of C'linlon C'ounly, Ohio. His father began life as a teacher and was afterward principal of the Wilmington, Ohio schools, from 18(17 to 1871. Later lu- became i)astor of \’arious Friends Ohurches at Indianapolis, Chicago and Kokomo, Indiana. Me was Kditor of the “('hristian W'orker," the organ of Friends t hiirch, from ISSd to 18!)l. He was also author of various religious essays and pamphlets. Both l)arenls descended from Revolutionary stock, their ancestors ha^'ing emigrated to Ohio and Indiana in the early part of the nineteenth century from North Carolina. Dr. William 11. I’ritchard received his education in the public and high schools of Indian- apolis, Ind., and Farlham College, Richmond, Ind. Later he attended Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, and gradtialed from this institution in 1900, recei\ing the de- gree of M. 1). Before entering Miami Medical College he had been in the wholesale hardware business in Chicago, C.retit h'alls, Montana, and Salt Lake City, Utah. Alter stud\ing medicine he became interne in the Cincinnati City Hospital and Assistant Bh\'sici;in at tlu“ Columbus State Hospital. In 1905, he was appointed to the position of Su|)erinteiident of the Ohio Hospital for Fpileptics, a position he filled for a number of \-ears. He is considered an atithority in the treatment of epilejtitic diseases. Dr. Britchard has alwavs l)een a Reptiblican. He is a member of the Free and Accepted Masons. ( )n the' 10th of September, 1903, he was married t(j Mrs. Helen Lundacre I'ishinger, of Hilliard, Franklin County, Ohio. Two children, a boy and a girl, ha\’e been born to them. Dr. Pritchard belongs to the Friends C'hurch by Ifirthright mem- bership. He is a member of Kokomo, Indiana, church, where his father was jtastor and died, there being no h'riends Church at Galli])olis. Aiigiisais Ravoi^Ii, ,\ promiiU'iU pliNsician and siu'gA'on ol ( incinnati, formerly llaiian Vice-C'ousid there, was born on the 7, th of February, 1851, ttt Rome, ll.tb'. He was lhoroughl\' educated in the schools of his native canmtry in the wtrious branches of literature, and graduated from Medical ( 'olk‘ge on the 1 1th of .Attgust, 1873. His first professional sere-ice was as jthysician on board the steamship “Asia” for si.\ months. He continued his stitdies at Rome, and after a lirief pre]taration, entered a competitive examination for hospital honors - President ol the De]Kirtment of Dermatology. In March, 1878, Dr. Ravogli w.is nnited in marriage to Julia Schindelin, of Oberbergen, Germany, h'rater- na!l\- hi- is a 32nd (k-gree Abiscm. He is a mend)er of the State Aledical Board. For a pt'riod ol se\enteen \ears he rei)resented It.dy as Vice Consul at ('incinnati, but upon the (k-ath of King Humbert, he resigned. His s]ilendid ser\ices had been recognized by that king by conferring knighth(j(xl upon Dr. Ra\-ogli. He has ])ublished a lujok on Sy|)hilis in its Meflical, Medico- legal and Sot'iological aspects, 1907, New York, the Grafton Press. In 1894 he was a]-)pointed Dermatologist to the ('incinnati C'ity Hosi^ital. Charles A. L. Reed, ( )t ('incinnati, ( )hio, a physician ol national reputation, is a native Indianian, born on the 9th of July, 1850, at AA'olf Lake, Noble County. His father. Dr. R. C. Stockton Reed, was a well known physician. His mother’s maiden name was Nancy Clark. Dr. ('harles .A. L. Reed obtained a careful education in the schools of his home district, after which he attended Starr’s Institute at Seven Mile, Ohio. After his graduation from this institute. Dr. Reed matriculatetl at Miami Medical ('ollege, Cincinnati, Ohio, grad- uating with the degree of M. I). He later graduated from the Cincinnati College of Med- icine and Surgery, and then took a ])ost graduate course in Trinity College, Dublin. Sul)sec]uently he was a student at the Spark Hill Hospital at Birmingham, under Lawson I'ait, and at the Samaritan Free Hospital, London, under Bantock Thornton and Sir Spencer Wells. Dr. Reed began the practice of his profession as a district physician in the old kifth W'ard in Cincinnati, in 1875, before he had reached his twentieth year. Later he practiced at Fidelity, Ills., and Hamilton, Ohio. In 1887, Dr. Reed returned to (incinnati, where he has resided ever since. Today Dr. Reed is recognized as c^ne ol the most able i)hysicians and surgeons of the United States, and he stands high in the esteem of his clients and fellow practitioners. He is Iv.x-Fh-esident of the American AUGUSTUS RAVOGLI. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1209 Medical Association and member of the Ohio Medical Association, of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, of the American Associa- tion of Obstetricians and Gyneocological, and of the Southern Surgical and Gyneocological Association, a fellow of the British Gyneoco- logical Association and an honorary fellow of the Medical Society in the State of New York. Dr. Reed has always been deeply interested in the affairs of the University of Cincinnati, and the medical institutions of his home city. For many years he was a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Cincinnati, and he has been untiring in his efforts to unite all of the various institutions of higher education in the city, medicine, law, art, etc., under the management of the University. In the years 187(1 and 1877 he was professor of Pathology in the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, and for many years he occupied the chair for diseases of women and al)dominal surgery. He also ser\’ed as dean in the same institution. It was to Dr. Reed’s initiative that the first Pan-American Medical Congress, which was held at Washington under the auspices of the United States Government in 1803, became a reality. Dr. Reed was the Secretary-General of that body. He acted as Chairman of the section on Obstetrics and Gyneo- cology. This Congress was an association of representative physicians from all o\'er the Western Hemisphere. Nineteen different countries and colonies were represented in that body. The transactions of the Congress were published by the Lhiited States Govern- ment in ^’olumes embracing more than 2000 jtages. In recognition of his services in connection with the congress. Dr. Reed was presented with a silver saK’er, duly inscribed. In January, 1905, Dr. Reed was honored by President Roosevelt, who appointed him a member of a commission to ascertain the \’alue of certain lands in the Panama Canal Zone. Dr. Reed has always taken an active interest in public affairs, standing high in the councils of the Reimblican party, and, in 1909, he was urged stnmgly by his friends, both in and out of his profession, to stand for the nomination of United States Senator. Benjamin Merrill Ricketts, M. D., General Surgeon, Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 20th of May, 1858, at Proctor\ille, Lawrence County, Ohio, and is the son of Gerard Robinson Ricketts and Rachel Mc- Laughlin Ricketts, natives of Virginia and (j'hio, respectively. The father was a de- scendant of Huguenots ancestors, who have taken part in French, British and American Wars. He was a physician, born on the 14th ol February, 1828, in Virginia. He died on the 20th of Septemlrer, 1897. Dr. Ricketts' maternal ancestors were Scotch and fought in British and American Wars, several being engaged in the defense of Bunker Hill. Dr. Benjamin Merrill Ricketts was educated in the schools (ff' his home \ illage and at the (4hio Wesleyan lhii\-ersity, Delaware, after which he matriculated at the Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, from which he was graduated on the 7th of March, 1881. He holds the following degrees: Ph. B. (Hon.) Illinois Wesleyan College and LL. 1). (Hon.) Kentucky Wesleyan College, and is Honorary Professor ol Surger}- at Barnes Ihiiversity, St. Louis, Mo. At the age of twenty-three years. Dr. Ricketts took up the. practice of his profession in Ironton, Ohio, on the 9th of April, 1881, and, on the 21st ot April, 1881, he was elected City Physician, to care for an epidemic of small pox. In the year following, he was elected Coroner of Lawrence County. He practiced in Columbus, Ohio, from July, 1883, to August, 1884, and matriculated at Columl)ia Uni\ ersity, October, 1884, and was elected House Surgeon of the New York Skin and Cancer Hospital, for one year, beginning October 1st, 1884. For the last twenty-fi\e years Dr. Ricketts has been engaged in the practice of general surgery at C'incinnati, Ohio. Dr. Ricketts is the author of “Surgery of Heart and Lungs," 510 pages; Surgery of Prostati Pancreas, Spleen Diaphragm, Thyroid and Hydrocephalous, 240 pages; Surgery of the Uriter, 244 Images; Surgery of Apoplexy, 300 pages, and Surgery of the Thorax and its \ iscera. He is a member of the American Medical Associa- tion; Ohio State Medical Society; Cincinnati Academy of Medicine; International Congress of Surgeons (Brussels); Western Surgical and Gyneocological Association; American Proctological Association; American I’rological Association and honorar}' member ot the New York State VIedical Society, the St. Louis Medical Society, etc. Dr. Ricketts is the father of two sons, Merrill Ricketts, born on the 24th of September, 1893, and James Ricketts, born on the 18th of February, 18!)5. He resides at the N. W . Corner of- Broad- way and F'ourth A\’enue, C'incinnati, where also his offices^are located. PHILIP RIEG. Philip Rieg, M. D., leading physician and surgeon of Toledo, Ohio, was born on the 18th of December, 18(i(), at Monroe, Michigan, and is the son of John and Frances Fersching Rieg. His father, a dealer in furniture, was a native of the Rhine Pro\4nce, (lermany, while his mother was born in Baden-Baden, Germany. They emigrated to the new world and settled in Michigan, where Dr. Rieg first saw the light of day. When the Ci\il War broke out, Mr. John Rieg enlisted in the service of his adopted country and fought through- out the war for the preservation of the I'nion. Dr. Philip Rieg obtained his education in the public schools, after which he studied medicine and surger\' at Toledo Medical C'ollege, graduating from the same in 1894. He later took post graduate courses of study at New York and at Berlin, Germany. He now occupies a high rank among the members of his profession in Toledo. Dr. Rieg has always been a Republican, but never hekl an\- public office. He is a member of the Flks, the Association of Lnited States Military Surgeons, and of the Knights of Columbus. In 1896, Dr. Rieg entered into the medical service of the United States Navy, and in such capacity saw ever\- jrart of the world. He took part in the Spanish-American War, and was mustered out as Assistant Surgeon of the United States Navy on the 27th of September, 1898. Later he became connected with the Ohio Nawal Militia. He now holds the rank of Surgeon on the I nited States Ship “Kssex.” It is needless to say that the tloctor is immenseh’ iiopular. On the lUth of October, 1901, he was married to Miss Frances W'eick. Dr. Rieg resides at Bancroft and Putnam Streets. His office is located at 338 Summit Street, Toledo, Ohio. 1210 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Henjamin Decatur Smith, M. D., ( )iu' of the leading physicians and general surgeons of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 12th of May, IShn, at Atlanta, Cicorgia, the son of J. W. and Mary Goss Smith. On his father’s side he is of Scotch ancestry, and on his mother’s side of Irish origin. His father is a merchant of Atlanta, Ga., estal)lished there more than forty years. He was an otiicer in the Conlederale .\rmy during the whole of the ('i\-il War and took part in many of the battles, both his gniiuUathers were with Jackson in the A’ar of 1812, and one of Or. Smith’s ancestors was a jH'rsonal Iriend of Sam Houston and fought with him for 'I'exas' imU'pendence at San Jacinto. Dr. Smith was educated in the Atlanta schools and at The Southern Medical College, at Atlanta, graduating from that institution in IS, St), recei\ing th(‘ degree ol M. I). He started ti])on his professional career after his graduation, at the agc‘ ot twenty-lotir years; practiced in Te.xas for nine years and enif)yed a lucrati\e practice. Alter ha\ing decided to turn his attention more to stirgical work, he came to Cincinnati in lSt)S. In ItlOl he was appointed local surgeon for the ('., H. C O. R\ ., al.'^o local surgeon lor the ( ., ( . iS: L. R. R., which positions he now holds. I )i-. Smith is a member of The Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, The Ohio State Medical Societ>-, 'I'he d’e.xas State Mc'dic,d .Association, 'I'he .American Medical Association, and The .\merican .Association of Railway Stirgeons. He is also a 32nd degree Mason, a Knight d'em])Iar and a mcml)er of the Mystic Shrine. Or. Smith resides at the S. W. Corner ol 9th and Baymiller Sts., where his offices are also located. E. Otis Smith, M. D., ( )1 Cincinnati, ( )hio, was born on the 2nd of February, 1t E|)isco])al ( hurch. He resides at 2234 Ilighlanrl .Av'enue, xvhile his offices are located at 19 West Seventh Avenue, ('incinnati, ( )hio. B, IX SMITH. \. Jackson Shoemaker, M. D., I )ax’ ]xhx’sician of the ( )hio State Penitentiary, Columbus, Ohio, xvas born on the Oth of lulx', 1884, the son of Elias F. and Mary C. Dumbauld Shoemaker, both natives of Ohio. Dr. Shoemaker's ancestors on his paternal side came from Holland and settled in Penn- >xlxania His maternal anc'estor, xx4io founded the family in .America, left Germany to esca[)e militarx’ serx ice. He settled in Hagerstown, Aid., and married General Hager’s daughter. General Rosecrans, of Cixal War fame, was related to the Shoemaker family. Dr. Shoemaker obtained his education in the ('olumbus common and high schools, grad- uating from the latter in 1902. He then attended Starling Ohio Medical University, from xxhidi he graduated in 1909, when he took up the practice of his profession. In June, 1909, Dr. Shoemaker was a])pointed day ixhysician ot the ixenitentlary by the Board of Managers of that institution, a |)osition he fills xvith ability. In politics, Dr. Shoe- maker is affiliated xxith the Democratic jiarty. Socially, he is a Mason, Modern Wf)od- man, a member of the Columlxus .Academy ot Medicine; the Starling Loxing Aledical Sociely and the .Alpha Kai)])a Kapixa, Phi Sigma Psi and Theta Nu Epsilon College I'raternities. Dr. Shoemaker resides at St. Clair .Ax’cnue, Columlxus, Ohio. His offices are located at 587 Par.sons .Ax enue, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. George Stockton, ( oltimbus, (.)hio, enjoys a more than national reputation as one ot the foremost alienists of the country. He xx^as born in Bainbridge, Ross ( ountx', Ohio, on the 17th ot April, 1854. His education xx'as olxtained in the cotmtry schools and at Central High School, t olumbus, (Jhio, after xxhich he attended Starling Medical College, ('olumbus, and Bellex’ue Hospital, New' York, from which he graduated in 18o), mxt then iiuite txx'enty-one years old. His diploma was withheld for several months on account of his age. In 1877 he began the practice of his professicxn at Chillicothe, remaining there until the spring of 1880, when he xvas ap])ointed on the statl of the ( olumbus State Hos])ital. His prexaous years of study and xx'ork had been along the line of cure of mental and nerx'ous diseases, and here he found full plax’ for his faculties. The result has been that today he stands in the first rank of specialists in that class ol disease. In 1890 he retired from the Columbus State Hrxspital, with which institution he had Ixeeix connected for a number THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1211 of years, to resume his private practice, but, in 1892, Superintendent Richardson induced him to return. In 19U2, upon the death of Dr. Carpenter, Dr. Stockton was promoted to the Superintendency of the institution, which position he filled until 1909, when he resigned to resume his private practice. Dr. Stockton is a member of the American Medical Association, of the Columbus Acadernv of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Association, the Alpha AIu P. Omega Medical Fraternity. In politics, he is a Republican. Dr. Stockton resides at Columbus, Ohio. Sterling Earner Taylor, A well known surgeon of Columbus, Ohio, and health officer of the Capital City since the 1st of February, 1909, was born on the 6th of March, 1869, in Nashville, Tenn. His parents, Walter B. Taylor and Pattie Barner Taylor, were natives of Kentucky. Dr. Taylor received his education at Bethel College, Russelh ille, Ky., after which he attended Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, from which institution he graduated in 1890, receiving the degree of M. D. He then took up the practice of his profession in Colum- bus, in which he has been very successful. Dr. Taylor has been an active Republican all his mature life and he has rendered his party faithful services. From 1903 to 1908, he was a member of the City Council of Columbus, representing the Sixth Ward in that body. From the 1st of January, 1908, to the 1st of February, 1909, he was a member of the Council at large, but resigned his office on the latter date to take charge of the Health Department of his home city. During his five years’ service in council he was twice elected President pro tern. Dr. Taylor is closely connected with the Ohio National Guard, holding the rank of Major and Inspector General in the Medical Corps of the Ohio Di\’ision. Dr. Taylor’s residence and offices are located at 185 Fast State Street, Columbus, Ohio. J. A. Van Fossen, M. D., A prominent physician and surgeon of Columbus, Ohio, was born in Licking County, Ohio, on the 15th of December, 1866, the son of Daniel Van Fossen and a grandson of Jesse \’an Fossen, who, in the year 1811, came from Virginia to Ohio, when Licking County was still a wilderness. Mr. Daniel V’an Fossen, Dr. Van Fossen's father, is one of the most successful farmers in Licking County and the owner of a farm of 800 acres. Airs. Sarah Lake \’an Fossen, the mother of Dr. Vffin Fossen, is a native of Alaryland. Dr. J. A. V’an Fossen was educated in the Utica, Ohio, High School, and at .Antioch College, after which he attended the Medical College of Ohio, graduating with the class of 1893. He then took up the practice of his profession at Columbus and has built up an extensive practice on the north side of the city. Dr. \'an Fossen has been a teacher of Hygiene in the Ohio Medical Uni\'ersity for several years, and, in 1909, was elected Mce-President of the Columbus .Academy of Medicine. He is also a member of the State Aledical Society and of the .American Medical .Association. In 1893, Dr. \'an Fossen was married to Miss Lucy Ricketts, a native of Ohio, and the daughter of Rev. James S. Ricketts. They ha\'e two children, .Aldine and .Allen. Dr. \’an Fossen is a member of the Masonic Fraternity. He resides at 1353 North High Street, Columbus, Ohio. Frank L. Watkins, M. D., State Registrar, Bureau of \fital Statistics, was born on the 28th of June, 1879, at Clifford, Scioto County, Ohio, the son of George H. Watkins, a member of the State Board of Public Works, and prominent in business circles in Southern Ohio, and of Mrs. Lillie I. Glace Watkins, both natives of Ohio. The grandfather of Dr. Watkins, John H. Watkins, was a ferryman at Piketon, Ohio, for many years and a man well known in the Southern part of the Buckeye State. He was a private in the army during the W'ar of the Rebel- lion, and died in the service. Dr. Watkins was educated in the ptiljlic and high schools of Wakefield, after which he attended the Ohio Medical University, of Columbus, graduating from that institution, receiving the degree of AI. D. He entered upon the practice of his profession at Portsmouth, Ohio, remained there for two years and then remo\'ed to Caldwell, Noble Count\', where he practiced the same length of time. He finally settled at Bowersville, Green County, from which place he was appointed to his present position, on the 1st of July, 1908. The bureau was created by the act ot the Legislature on Alay 5th, 1908, and has charge of the registration of births and deaths in Ohio. The actual work of the bureau commenced on the 20lh of December, 1908. Dr. Watkins has always been a Republican. He was a member of the Central and Executive Committee of Noble Count}-. Socially, he is a Alason and a member of the I. O. O. F. On the 10th of December, 1901, he was married to Aliss Dollie Dutton, of Caldwell. Two children have blessed their union. Dr. Watkins’ office is located in the Harrison Building, Columbus, Ohio. Frank Winders, M. D., Of Columbus, Ohio, was born on the 25th of Alarch, 1871, at Findlay, Ohio, the son of Da\'id T. and Caroline S. M inders, both natives of Ohio. He was educated at Findla\- C'ollege and Belle\’ue Hospital Aledical College, New Vork, from which latter institution he graduated in 1895, when he took up the practice of his profession. Dr. Winders started in public life at the age of twenty-five years, as Secretary of the Ohio State Board ot Aledical Registration and Examination, holding that position from 1896 to 1904. He also was editor of the Ohio State Aledical Journal. Dr. Winders holds the pro- fessorship of Aledicine at the Starling Ohio Aledical College, Columbus, Ohio; he i." attending physician at St. Erancis and Protestant Hospitals; Aledical Referee for the Alutual Life Insurance Company of New Vork, and President of the Ohio Association of Aledical Teachers. His practice is limited to internal medicine. In politics, he is a Republican. Socially, he is a member of the various branches of the Alasonic Fraternity; of the Columbus Academy of Aledicine; the Ohio State Aledical Association; the American Aledical Association, and of the Ohio Association of Medical Teachers. On the 15th of Alay, 1895, he was married to Aliss Alae Hull. One daughter, Doroth}-, has been born to them. Dr. W inders resides at 1633 Franklin Park, South, His offices are located at 207 East State Street, C'olumbus, Ohio. F. L. WATKINS. THE BOOK OF OHIO. John Wesley Wright, M. D., A leading occulist of Columbus, Ohio, was born on the 17th of July, 1842, in Freeport, I larrison County, ( )hio, and is the son of Dr. Benjamin Wright and Lucinda Rager \¥right, both nati\x‘s of the Buckeye State. The father was a physician and for many years ])raeliced his profession in Tuscarawas County. Dr. J. W. Wright’s maternal grandfather, Conrad Rager, laid out the town of Ragersville, Tuscarawas County, Ohio. Dr. Wright was educated in the ])ublic sclujols of his native county. At the age of sixteen years he entered the teaching profession, in Tuscarawas County. Later he attended New Market, now Scio College, in I larrison C'ounty, ( )hio, and the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, from which he graduated in 1873. He holds the degrees of Master of Science and Master of Arts from New Market College, and that of Doctor of Medicine from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. After his graduation from Cincinnati College, Dr. Wright began his practice as occulist in Columbus, in which he has gained a national reputation. Dr. Wright is the author of a te.xt book of Ophthalmology, which has i)assed through its third edition. For many years he was Professor of Ophthalmology at the Starling Medical College, Colnmlms, Ohio, and he now occupies the chair of Pro- fessor Lmeritus of ( )])hthalmology in that college. In politics. Dr. Wright has always been a Democrat. Socially, he is a 32nd degree Mason and a member of the Ohio Club, The Ccjlumbus Academy of Medicine, the State Medical Society, the American Medical •Association, the American Academy of ( tpthalmology, and is a Fellow in the American •Academy of Medicine. Dr. Wright was married twice. On the 9th of August, 1864, he was united in marriage to Miss Klizal)eth A. Hesket, of Coshocton, Ohio, who died on the 23rd of May, 1892. He entered a >ccond marriage on the 2')th of jnl\’, 1894, at Columbus, ( )hio, with Balzurah Conrow, of lh.it cit\-. Dr. Wright’s oflice is locatiai in the Central National Bank Building, I'uwn and High Streets, Columbus, Ohio, while he resides at 1686 Summit Street, that cit\-. I'homas Grant Youmans, M. i)., ( )f Cohtmbtis, ()hio, is ,i nalix e of ( )hio. He comes of old colonial stock. His maternal great-grandfather. Captain Llewellxn Dax'is, was a member of the Society of Cincinnati, .md scrxi'd as ('aptain of General W'ashington’s liody guard ditring the War of the Revol- ution. Dr. \'oumans holds as a priceless heirloom, the original commission of his dis- tingitislu'd ancestor, bi>aring the tuitograph of General George Washington. He is also a gre.it-gr.mdson of ( '.eiieral Lewis Lx ans, a landed proindetor and manufacturer in Penn- >\ Ix ania, xvho was in cotnmand of the Pennsylv'ania State Militia during the Revolutionary period. Dr. h’mtmans' maternal great-grandmother, Elizabeth North Fxmns, had seven brothers in the Kexohit ionarx’ W’ar. One of them. Colonel Calel) North, was one of ( '.eneral ( '.eorge Washington’s staff officers. Elizabeth Nixrth’s father, Roger North, was l.ictitcn.ini of Colonial Wars and xx'as the son of Jane Eckerly, daughter of the Lord l.ieuteu.mt of Iridand. The same relationshi]) also inchtdes the great Lord North xvho was Prime Minister to ( ’icorge HI. Dr. A’oumans’ maternal great-uncle. Captain Frederick I'.x'.ius, xx'as Capt.iin of Artillerx' in the regular service during the War of 1812. He xvas the actix’e and actual Commander ol I't. McHenry, at Baltimore, during the memorable three d.ivs’ atttick of the British fleet on this fort, folloxving the burning of the Capitol at Washington and the flag that he there defended xvas the inspiration for composition of the Star Spangled Banner by Francis Scott Kex’. Dr. h'ottmans is the grandson of Dr. Thomas Jones Davis, of Philadelphia, a surgeon in the Mexican War. His parents were Colonel M. and Marx D.ixds Youmans. His father xvas in command of the Sex.^entieth Regiment, United States Colonial Infantry, throughout the Cix il War, resigning from the regular army scrxdce a year after the close of the xxmr. Dr. Youmans laid the foundation for adxanced education in an excellent ]xreixaratory course in the public schools, and subsequently spent four years in the Ohio State Cnixersitx-. He began reading medicine xvith Dr. Theodore Rankin, and graduated from Starling Medical College with the class of IS'.)."). In Xcxv \'ork he imr.sued a post graduate hospital course, spending four j^ears in that work. He speaks authoritively upon maiix’ Mibjects and has gained recognition as one of the most successful physicians in Columbus. That he has gained distinction in special lines is indicated bx' the fact that he xvas chosen Professor of Dermatology and Genito-Lhdnary Surgery in the Ohio State Cnixersity, ,md was for eight years Police Surgeon of Columbus. Dr. Youmans is a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the Cnited States of .America; of Goodale Lodge, A. F. & A. M.; Knights of Pythias; Columbus Club and Arlington Club. In prolession.il ri'l.itions he has membershii) in the Colnmlms Academy of Aledicine; the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medic.il A''.''()cialion. His aaiuaintance is xvide and he has a host of friends xvhose high regartl he has gained through his professional abililx-, his deference tn the opinions of others, his genial manner and his uniform courtesy. T. G. YOUMANS. 1212 I XX’, XX'KU.l 1 1 .Augustus II. Ileisey, < )f Newark, Ohio, one of the largest glass manufacturers of the LInited States, is a natix^e of Pennsylxmnia and of ( ‘.erm.in descent, his parents haxdng emigrated from Hannover, Germany, to the United States, settling in Pennsylxmnia. .After leaxing school, Mr. Heisey had some experience as a “printers' devil,’’ but soon entered the glass mannfacturing business, in xvhich he has met xvith tremendous success. Wdren a mere boy, in 1862, he entered the Union Army in defense of his countrx', enlisting in .August of that year as a private in the One Hundred and Fifty-Fifth Pennsylvania 'Volunteer Infantry. Wdien he xvas mustered out after the conclusion of the xvar, the boy held the rank of Captain, haxdng won his promotion on the battlefield. With the exception of three or four engagements, he took part in all the battles his regiment fought in, the most notable ones ln‘ing the battles of .Antietam, Gettysburg, Fredericksburg, etc. Wdren he laid aside the arms he had carried with honor, Mr. Heisey .igain resumed the duties of his former business. In 1874 he became a partner in and manager of the firm of George Duncan & Sons, Pittsburg, Pa., consisting of Mr. James Duncan and Mr. Heisey. This partnership lasted for a period of txxm years, then Adr. Heisey sold out his interest to the United States Glass Company, which latter he helped to organize. For the next txxm years he was its Commer- THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1213 cial Manager; then he quit and enjoyed a well merited rest for a couple of years. But an idle life was not to Mr. Heisey’s taste. Me needed activity. Looking around for a new field of labor he came to Newark, Ohio, organized the firm of A. H. Heisey & Company, and built his gigantic works for the manufacture of table glassware, by the way, the finest article of its kind manufactured on the American Continent. Mr. Heisey also has other large industrial and financial interests. He is President of the Pittsburg Clay Pot Company, and of the Glasshouse Clay Refractary Association, Pittsburg, and Director of the Manufacturers’ Bank at Pittsburg, and of the Franklin National Bank, Newark, Ohio. In politics, Mr. Heisey is a “dyed-in-the-w'ool” Republican. He is married, is the father of three sons and two daughters, and resides at 90 East Main Street. One of his sons, George D. Heisey, is Postmaster of Newark. Orrin Henry, Land Clerk in the office of the State Auditor since 1888, was born on the 24th of October, 1840, in Wood County, Ohio, and is the son of Hosea and Nancy Smith Henry, natives of New Hampshire and Pennsyhmnia, respectively. He is of Scotch-Irish extraction, his ancestors having emigrated to this country generations ago. His paternal great- grandfather was Captain of a ^'essel. Mr. Orrin Henry’s father was a farmer and young Henry was reared on the farm. He received his education in the common and select schools of his native county. During the Civil War he served for two years in the Union Army, having enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Eleventh Ohio Volunteer Infan- try. One of his interesting war time recollections is when he was one of the Squirrel Hunters who saved Cincinnati from an attack of the Rebels under Kirby Smith. Return- ing from the war. Captain Henry filled the positions of hotel clerk and hotel owner. He has always been a staunch Republican and served as Deputy Revenue Collector for two years, and as Captain of the Ohio Penitentiary night watch for the same length of time. In 1876 he was elected Sheriff of Wffiod County, serving two terms in that office. His present position dates from 1888. Socially, Mr. Henry is a member of the Grand Army, Masons, Elks and Knights of Pythias. His legal residence is in Bowling Green, Ohio. During the war he took part in many battles, among them Huff’s Ferry, London Creek, Knoxville, Dalton, Resala, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Columbia, Franklin, Nashville and Fort Anderson. He was married twice and has one child from the first and seven children from the second marriage. A4r. Henry resides at 116 South Champion Street, Columbus, Ohio. ORRIN HENRY. John N. Allaback, JOHN N. ALLABACK. Chief of Police of the City of Dayton, was born on the loth day of Nowmiber, 1857, at \\’est Point, Morrow County, Ohio. His i)arents, John Allaback, a plasterer, and Mary Jane Painter Allaback, were natives of Ohio. They originally came from Mary- land, where their ancestors had li\-ed for generations. Mr. Allalrack was educated in the common schools. At the age of 21 years, he entered the United States Army as a memlrer of the 2nd U. S. Cavalry, he saw service in the Northwest, principally Montana, where he took part in many Indian fights. He was honorably discharged in 1884, worked in his trade as a plasterer for a couple of years, and then, in 1896, he joined the police force of Dayton, with which he has been connected ever since. He entered the ser\ice on the 16th of June, 1886, as a sub-patrolman; was made a regular patrolman on the 22nd of December, of the same year, and on the 9th of January, 1892, he was promoted to roundsman. He became sergeant of the force on the 23rd of May, 1892; was promoted to the Captaincy on the 8th of March, 1893, and finally on the 5th of November, 1908, was appointed Chief of Police. After Chief of Police Farrel resigned. Captain Allaback held the position of active chief for fourteen months, until Mr. Whit- taker was appointed to the position. Chief Allaback has always been a Democrat. He is a member of the Woodmen of America and of the Foresters. In 1884, he was married to Miss Alice P'rances. They have three children. Chief Allalrack resides at 21 Tecumseh Street, Dayton, Ohio. Daniel Bartley, Superintendent of the Cincinnati Court House, is a man well known in police circles all o\er the State. He is a native (Jhioan, born on the 11th of January, 1863, at Cincinnati, where his father Daniel Bartley, Sr., w'as engaged in the contracting business. Mr. Bartley, Sr., was for eighteen years Marshal and Superintendent of Roads of Clifton, and he planted many of the beautiful trees which adorn the driveways of that pretty suburb. Mr. Daniel Bartley received his education in the common schools. Flpon leaving school, he became engaged as teamster in the employ of his father, in which business he remained, until he accepted a position with the Metropolitan Police of Cincinnati, under Colonel M. F. Riley and Colonel Armstrong. After having served in that capacity for a period of six and a half years, he, in 1891, joined the guards of the Cincinnati Workhouse. One year later, he was promoted to the positions of Sergeant and Lieutenant, and in May, 1895, he was elected Deputy Superintendent of that institution, in which position he made a brilliant record. 1214 THE BOOK OF OHIO. After the new rode for the Ohio nuinieii)alities took effect, in May, 1903, and the Cincinnati Workhouse came under the Supervision of the Board of I’ul)lic Ser\ice, Mr. Bartley left his position after ha\’ing served twelve years and twenty-six days. He then accepted the ])osition of Ca|)tain of the Chestc'r Bark police. In 1900 he was appointed Superintendent of the Cincinnati Court House liy Mayor 1 )emps\', and in l'.)l 1, Ma>'or Hunt appointed him again to the same position, which he fills with great ability. He was married in 1887, and is the father of four bo>-s and oiU‘ girl Socially, he is a memlier of the Blue Lodge, F. & A. M. Henry L. Booth, ( )f Columbus, ( )hio, ('ai)tain of the C.uard of the Franklin County Workhouse, and First Lieutenant of Battery C, Ohio National Guard, was born on the 27ih of May, 18S3, at Columbus. His father, M. P. L. Vooth, was well known in Railroad Circles. He was for many \'ears Su|)erinten(U‘nt of the 1 hudAng \'alle\' Railroad and also was connected with the street railway system of Columbus. Mr. Henry L. Booth's ancestr\- dates back to the pilgrim fathers who came over cm the Mayllower. Lieutenant Booth wms educated in the (’olumbus Public Schools and also si)cmt two \ i'ars at the Columbus High School. He started in public life at the age of seventeen years, wdien he became .1 clerk with the wholesale grocer\- firm of (ireen, Joyce N Co., Columbus, Ohio. Later he entered the lithographing business in which In- remained until he was ai)pointed to his present posititm on the Kith of March, 1910. Mr. Booth has always l)een a staunch Rei)ublican. 1 le has alwa\ s taken a great interest in the affairs of the Ohio National Guard. He enlisted on the 6th of June, 1901, as a pri\ate in Batteiw H,,went position by appointment of (4o^■ernor Harmon. Major Lynch has always been a staunch Democrat and has served his ]>arty in many capacities. F'or two terms he was a member of the Fostoria Board of Public Safety. He also filled the office of C'onfi- dential Clerk to the Postmaster of F'ostoria, and for four years he served in the F'ostoria City Council. Numerous times he has been a delegate to ('ount>- and State C'omentions, and also served as Chairman and member of the Democratic County Executixe Com- mittee. SocialK’, he is an Elk, a K. of P., a member of the Spanish-American War Veterans, being Past Adjutant General of Ohio; member ol the Cnited Commercial Travelers of America and of the Maccabees. For many years Major Lynch has been closely iilentified w ith the affairs ot the ( )hio National Guard. He enlisted as a Private in June, 1892, in Company D, Sixteenth Regi- ment Ohio National Guard. .At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War he re-enlisted in the Hosjiital Corps, and in May, 1898 wa- made .Acting Hospital Stewart, and in June of the same year. Hospital Stewart, in wffiich capacity he served until June, 1903. He then was commissioned F'irst Lieutenant Adjutant of the Sixth Regiment, Ohio National Guard, seiwing as stich until May, 1010, when he receixed his commission as Major in the F'irst Brigade, on the staff of Brigadier General McMaken. During the THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1219 Spanish-American War he saw foreign service in Cuba, for a period of five months. On the 19th of February, 1901, Major Lynch was married to Miss Carrie Adams, of Fostoria. His residence is located at 339 West Fremont Street, Fostoria, Ohio. His offices are in the State Building, Columbus, Ohio. Charles Wright Miner, Brigadier General United States Army, retired, Columbus, Ohio, was born on the 21st of November, 1840, at Cincinnati, the son of Judge John T. Miner and Mary Wright Miner, both natives of the Buckeye State. The grandfathers of General Miner were among the early settlers of Ohio, having migrated to the Northwestern Territory, when Ohio was still in its infancy. General Miner received a careful education in the public schools of his native state. When he was twenty years old the Civil War broke out, and Charles Wright Miner was one of the very first who offered their services in the defense of the Llnion. He enlisted as a Private in Company I), Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in their home city, better known as the “Cincinnati Zouave Guards,” and on the 17th of April, 1861, young Miner marched out of Cincinnati to go into the War of the Rebel- lion. Thirty-seven years later, and again it was on the 17th of April, Charles Wright Miner again marched out of Cincinnati to go to war, but this time he was Major of the Sixth United States Infantry and the enemy he was going to fight was the Spaniard. During all the intervening time, Vlajor Miner had faithfully served his country; he had smelled powder on many battlefields, in the South as well as against the Indian on the Western Plains. And in this time he had advanced from a Private to the rank of Major. His army record reads as follows: Enlisted as a Private on the 17th of April, 1861; promoted to Captain, Twenty-Second Ohio Infantry, 1st of May, 1862; honorably mus- tered out, 28th of August, 1865; appointed Second Lieutenant, Nineteenth United States Infantry, 31st of March, 1866; transferred to the Twenty-Eighth United States Infantry, 21st of September, 1866; promoted First Lieutenant, 1st of January, 1867; promoted Captain Twenty-Second Lhiited States Infantry, 7th of March, 1876; bre^•etted Major on the 27th of February, 1890, for gallant service in action against Indians at Spring Creek, Montana, Octol)er loth and 16th, 1876; promoted Major, Sixth United States Infantry, 29th of December, 1894. On the 1st of July, while in Cuba, Major Miner was pro- moted to Lieutenant Colonel; his promotion to the Colonelcy followed on the 15th of December, 1899, and when he had reached the age limit he was retired with the rank of Brigadier General. General Miner holds United States War Medals for the Ci\il War; the Indian Wars; the Spanish War and the Phillipine Wars. In politics, he is a Republican. Socially, General Miner is a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion; the Grand Army of the Republic; the Santiago Society, and the Society of Foreign Wars. On the 15th of June, 1870, General Miner was married to Miss Belle L. Cooley. The General has his home at 70 Lexingtem Avenue, Columbus, Ohio. Perin B. Monypeny, Of Columbus, Ohio, a son of William Monypeny, who during a life of usefulness was one of the most prosperous business men and merchants of Columbus, Ohio, is a native Buckeye. He was bron and reared in the Capital City. His father, William Mony- peny, was born in County Armagh, Ireland, in 1826, and emigrated to the United States in 1848. For fifteen years he was connected with the milling business in Alilford, near Cincinnati, but, in 1863, he came to Columbus, where he soon became known as one ol the most potent factors in the business life of that city. He first entered the grain business with which he was connected most extensively. He was Vice-President and President of the First National Bank and President of the Reorganized National Bank Com- pany; President of the Columbus Machine Company, and President of the Columbus Electric Light and Power Compan\-. In 1888 he was instrumental in founding the Monypeny-Hammond Wholesale Grocery Company, which was incorporated in 1895, and of which he was President at the time of his death. His wife, Maria Brunson Monypeny, was of English descent. Their son, Perin B. Monypeny, received a thorough education, after which he entered the business founded b\' his father, the Monypeny-Hammond Wholesale Grocery Company, with which he is still connected. Mr. Monypeny has always taken a great interest in the affairs of the Ohio National Guard, and is Lieutenant in Troop A. He is a member of the official staff of Governor Harmon. Lieutenant Monypeny was married to Miss Margaret Hickock, of Columbus, Ohio. His place of business is located at 405-415 North High Street, and his residence at 957 East Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio. Anthony F. Nicklett, Of Toledo, Ohio, Lieutenant Commander of the First Battalion, ( )hio National Guard, is a native Buckeye. He was born in Toledo, on the 27th of October, 1876, the son oi John C. Nicklett, foreman in the X’ulcan Iron Works, and Mrs. Elva T. Parmer Nicklett. As his name indicates, Cabtain Nicklett is of German ancestry, his father having emi- grated trom Alsace to the United States. On his mother’s side his ancestors have been in the country for many generations. Mr. Nicklett was educated in the public and high schools of his native city and at the Toledo lhii\’ersity of Arts and Trades, carr\4ng two courses in both schools. He graduated in 1896 from both institutions. At the age of twenty-one years he entered into business life, accepting a position with the Ann Arbor Railroad. When the Spanish-American War broke out he enlisted as Sergeant in Com- pany G, Tenth Ohio Wlunteers. He now is prominently connected with the business life of Toledo, being engaged in the Acme Chemical Company, with Mr. Walter C. Ga\'- hart as partner. He formerly was interested in the automobile business. Captain Nicklett has always been a faithful Republican. He has serwd as a Delegate to the State Convention and is now a member of the County Central Committee. Socialb' he is a Mason and a member of the Toledo Yacht Club and the Spanish War X'eterans. In September, 1899, Mr. Nicklett joined the NaA'al Reser\es of Ohio and became an officer in that organization. He worked his way U{) until now he is Lieutenant Command- er of the First Batallion, Ohio Na\al Militia, commanding the United States Ship “Es- sex,” which he himself brought from the Atlantic to the Lakes, being in command of Ohio Naval Militia entirely, and without the assistance of the United States Nav>'. 122U rilE BOOK OF OHIO. ('a[)tain Xicklctl is a efficient officer and well liked by all the members of his battallion. His efforts were greatly instrumental in building up his splendid and efficient organizat ion, of which the State of ( )hio has e^■ery reason to be i^roud. Robert I). Palmer, ( )ne of the substantial Inisiness men of Columbus, Ohio, was liorn on the 4th of February, 1S70, at I )elaware, Ohio, the son of David L. Palmer and Cordelia Francis Condon, nati\-es of K.en(uck>' and Maryland respectively. Mr. David L. Palmer was a veteran of the Ci\'il War. His son receiwd his education in the public and high schools of Dela- ware, graduating from the latter in 1887, after which he began his business career. He is now President and General Manager of The Citizens’ Wholesale Supply Coinj^any, Columbus, Ohio; Treasurer of the Golden Rule Rheumatic Remedy Company; a Director of Th(‘ h'ederal Manufacturing Company, and stockholder in The i\nffrus-Scofield Com- pany and The North American Lead Company, all of Columbus, Ohio. He has always taken an acti\e interest in military matters, and is on the staff of the commanding Gen- eral of the Second Brigade, Ohio National Guard, as Major and Adjutant General, and also is a member of Governor Harmon’s official staff. Politically, Major Palmer is a Democrat, \oting, Innvever, according to his coinactions for the best men and principles. Me is well known in fraternal circles, Iteing a memlter of the Magnolia Lodge, No. 20; F. N A. M., C'olumbus C'haptcr No. 12, R. A. M.; Columbus Council No. 8, R. & S. M., Mt. X'ernon Commandery, K. T. No. 1; Junia Lodge, I. O. O. F. No. 474 and Aladdin 4'em])le A. A. ( ). N. M. S. On the 18th of November, 180(3, he was married to Miss Ma\- Louise Noble. His place of Imsiness, The Citizens’ Wholesale Supply Comj)any, is loctited ;it Mt. Vernon and Grant Avenues, Cohimltus, Ohio. KOBi-.Ri u. I’.MAii R Joliii W. Ricliarcls, Ctiptain and Ouartermaster of the Fourth Regiment, Ohio National Guard, is a prom- inent druggist of Coinmbus, ( )luo. He was born on the (ith of July, 185C), at Wales, Kngland, the Son of John R. and Anna Richards. I'hc tiither was a farnu-r and (.■mignited to the Ihiited States when his son, John W. was but eight months old. The family settled at Radnor, that ])relt\- W'elsh settlement in 1 lelaware C'ounty, Ohio, where John W. recei^'ed his educatitm in the country schools. Later lie attended Wesle\-an Lni\-ersit>', at 1 lelaware. He entered business life at the age of twenty-three years, taking a position in Mr. Jones’ Drug Store, Columbus, Ohio, and here he devoted three years to the study of that profession. He then started in business for him- self, conlintiing in the same to the ])resent day. His drug store is located at 8o8 North High Street, ('olnmbus, Ohio. Mr. Richards has alwa\A been a good I\ei)nblican. He ser\X‘d for three years as a clerk in the office of Adjutant General Critchfield. Socially, lu! is an I. ( ). ( ). F., a K. of P. and ;i member of the Buckeye (dub. h'or many years Mr. Richards has been connected with the ()hio Natioiicd ('.tiards. He inilisted in 1887 with the Fourteenth Regiment as Hospital Stewart and in that capacity took part in the Si)anish-.\merican War with tlu' Fourth Ohio Regiment, seeing actual warfare in Porto Rico. After the conclusion of the war he was di>charged with his regiment, but upon the reorganization of the latter, enlisted again, this time as Sergeant of the First (da.ss in the Ilospil.al Cor|)s. In P)08 he was i)romoted to .Second Lieutenant, and in lOOh to C'aptain and (^fuartermaster of the Fourth Regiment, ( )hio National ( lUnrds. He is a member the Columbus Camp, S])anish War Veterans. In 1888 he was married to Miss Julia M. lla\'<.'us. d'wo boys were born to them. Caitlain Richards resides at 88 West hirst Avenue, Columlnis, Ohio. William Trent Rossell, Fngincvr, Lnitc'd States .Army, was born on the 11th of ( Ictober, 1841), at Ml. Vernon, Alabama, the son of William Henry Rossell and Lucinda Ga\de luistin Rossell, nati\es of New Jersey and xAlabama, resi)ectively. The family has been in the New England States lor many generations. John Rossell, an officer in Bromwell’s Army, was the first of the family to come to this country, in 1(3.50, set- tling in Newtown, Long Islands, from where he went to New Jersey, where the family has lived ever since. Zachariah Rossell took jiait in the War of the Revolution. His son, Wdlliam Rossell, was Judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey and of the PInited Stiites Court. His son, Zachariah Rossell, was an officer of the army in the Wdir of 1812, and his son, the father of Col. W. T. Rossell, was al.M) an arm\' officer and took part in the War of the Rebellion, ('ol. Rossell was educated in the United States Military Acad- ein\- at West Point, from which he was [iromoted to the Engineer Corps of the Army. For a number of years Col. Rossell was stationed at Cincinnati, ha\ing charge of the works and imiirm-ements on the Ohio River. He now is Division Engineer at New A'ork City. 'Fheoclore Joseph Schmitt, ( )t 4'oledo, ( )hio. Lieutenant Senior of the Second Batallion, Ohio Nawil Militia, United States Ship “Esse.x,” and engaged in the bii-iness ol his lather, real estate and tire insurance, Gardner Building, Toledo, was born on the 8th day of May, 188.3, at Toledo. Hi-- l.ither. 4'heodore Schmitt, a well known l)usiness man of that city, is a native of the Fatherland and emigrated to the United State.-- when a \-otmg man. while his mother, Mrs. Josephine La Pointe Schmitt, born in the State of (Jhio, is of French extraction. Mr. Schmitt ri‘cei\-ed his earl\' editcation in the ])tibiic schools of his nati\'e city, which he attended until he had reached the age of sixteen \i'.irs, when he entered into business life. For a number of years he is connected with the firm of his father. In national politics, Mr. Schmitt is of Ri‘])iiblican faith. Being ]X)ssessed of a military ttirn of mind he joined the First Batallion of the Naval .Militi.i .IS .1 Pri\ate s.iilor in 181)0. In 1002 he was |)romoted to the rank of Ensign, and in Jitne, 1907, to that of Lieutenant. In 1004, Mr. Schmitt became a benedict, when he married Miss Pearl V. McRill, a young lady of Toledo. They reside at 1(320 Ontario Stri-et. ToK'do, Ohio. William E. Walkup, Snperintc'iident ot the Akron Peoples’ Telephone (A)in])an\-, Aknjn, (Ohio, was born on the 1st of January, 1874, at Akron, and is the son ol .\ndrew !■.. .md Susan Henr\- Walku]v The father, a contractor, was a native of Iowa, while the mother was born in Ohio. On his t.ither’s side. ( aptain \\ alknp is of Irish extractif>n. His mother’s father was a native of Alsace, and emigrated to the Ihiited Slates, ( apt.iin \\alku]i was educated at the Akron common anrl high schools, and at Buchtel Academy. He entered business life 's has been a factor in the ranks (jf the Democratic part\- of his home district. In 1898 he was nominated for Congress in the Eighteenth Ohio District, but was defeated by Judge R. W. Taylor, the dis- trict being strongly Republican. In 1900, General We\ brecht ser^■ed as a Delegate to the Xational Democratic Comentlon at Kan- sas City. Socially, he is a member of the following organizations; Masons, Knights Templar; I. O. O. F.; K. of P. ; B. P. O. E.; Military Order Foreign Wars, Society Santiago; and is Commander of Camp First, United Stales W’ar Veterans. On the 7th of May, 1894, he was married to Miss Emilie Brosius. His offices are located in the State Building, Columbus, Ohio. Mac Lee Wilson, Lieutenant Colonel of the Pa>- Department of the Ohio Xational Guard, is one of the best known officers of the militia of the Buckeye State, ha^•ing been identified with that organization for more than twenty-five years. He is a "Buckeye" by birth, born on the ISth of October, 1865, at Columbus, the son of Horace Wulson and Caroline A. Wilson. Air. Horace Wilson was for many years a prom- rilE BOOK OF OHIO. inent attorney of the Capital City. He was a graduate of the Ohio University and for a number of years a Trustee of that institution. From 1861 to 1863 he was a member of the City Council of C'olumbus, and for one term, 1882-1883, a member of the Ohio Senate, He died on the 18th of October, 1894. Mr. Wilson’s great-grandfather, Jesse Camp. ser\ed in the Revolutionary W’ar as a Surgeon, under General Horatio Gates, and was Ijadly wounded in the left leg at the battle of Bemis Heights, in the fall of 1777. From this wound he never entirely recovered and always had to walk with a cane. He died in .Athens County, Ohio, in 1832. Mr. Mac Lee Wdlson’s education w'as obtained in the ])ublic schools, including high school, of Columbus, Ohio. After leaving school he be- came associated with his father in the loaning of money, managing several large estates and buying and selling real estate. He is now retired from active business, managing his own estate. His political belief is that of the Republican party. Socially, he is a K. of P. ; a memljcr of the Benjamin Franklin Chapter; Ohio Society; Sons of the American Re\’olution; the Society of the Porto Rican Expedition, Spanish-American War, and of the United Spanish War VAterans, Columl)us Camp No. 49. As mentioned above, Mr. Wilson has always paid a great interest to the affairsof the Ohio National Guard, with which organization he became connected when only eighteen years of age. He enlisted in Company A, h'ourteenth Ohio Infantry, and served throtigh the several grades as Ccjriroral, Sergeant, Second and First Lieutenants, Batallion Adjutant, Captain and Regimental Adjutant of the Fourth Ohio Wjhmteer Infantry in the war with Spain; Major and Assistant Adjutant General, Second Brigade, Ohio National Guards, and now occupies the rank of Lieutenant Colonel of the Pay Department of the Ohio National Guards, l)eing commissioned to that position on the 5th of March, 1908. During the war with Spain, Colonel Wilson seiwed as ( a])tain and Adjutant of the Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, from April 25th, 1898, to the 20lh of januar\', 1800. With his reginu'nt he took i)art in the campaign at Porto Rico, under General Nelson A. Miles, and smelled powder in the battle of ( '.ua>ama, on the 5th of August, 1 898, at the skirmish at Los Palmas, on the 8th of August, and at the advance on Ca>-e\-, oti the 13th of August, of the same year. He received special mention for bravery in the report of the commanding officer at the b. it tie ol ( htayama. (See rejiort of General Miles.) For the past hve years Colonel Whlson has been detailed by the CiON'ernor of Ohio as .\cting Inspector General of the Ohio National Guards, to assist in making the annual receptions, under directions from tlu‘ War Department and the .Adjtitant Generals’ Department, State of Ohio. On the 28th of October, 1886, he was joined in marriage to Miss Mary F. Watson. 4'hey ha\e two daughters, Margaret Elizabeth and Ruth Oleta. Colonel AValson resides at Bullil Ifirk, Cohimbus, Ohio. James II. Williams, t )f .\orwalk, Ohio, is one ol the best knowm members of the Ohio National Guards in Ncrthern Ohio. His affiliation with the Officers t'orjis of the military bod\' ol the Buckeye State, dates from March 20th, 1900, when he W’as made Captain and Commissary of the fifth ()hio Inlantiw'. He was commissioned Cajitain of Infantry, Ohio National Guards, on the 21st of July, 1908 (rank from March 20lh, 1900), to conlorm with General Order No. 22. On the 25th of August, 1908, he was assigned to the Fifth Infantry, Ohio National ( '.uards, laff of t io\ernors I lerrick, Ikittison and Harris. He resides in Norw’alk, (Ohio. John .Adam Bendinger, I’rincipal of the A'oeal Department of the Ohio Wesleyan Ihiiversity, Delaw-are, Ohio, w.i'. born on the 27th of December, 1873, in Cincinnati, the son of John A. Bendinger, an artist, and Emma Ehrgott, nati^•es of Germany and Ohio, respectively. His grand- father was the first steam lithographer west of the Alleghenies. Mr. Bendinger obtained a careful eilucation in the schools of his nati\'e city and at the Universities of Michigan ,ind Cincinnati, graduating from the latter in 1895, with the degree of B. S. As he po'-^essed a \er>- beautilul \oice and also showed a remarkable talent for music, when still a bo\-. Air. Bendinger was gi^•en an excellent musical training at the Wfell know-n William C. Yontz, OeiuitN' Snr\e\or ol Summit County, and C'aptain of Company F, Eighth Regiment, Ohio National Guards, was Itorn on the 21st of Ma>’, 1874, at Ra\(,'ima, Portage County, and is the son of Chas. and Elsie Stough A’ontz, both natiA^es of Ohio. The family is of ( '.erman origin, first marriage. Cabtain A'ontz resides on Alerrimac Road. His offices are in the Court House, Akron, ( )hio. J. A. BENDINGER. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1223 Cincinnati College of Music, and under Professor Louis Ehrgott. At the age of twenty-two years he started upon his career as a voice teacher at Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio, and since that time has been very successful in his chosen profession. Mr. Bedinger is a member of the Ohio Music Teachers’ Association and of the Delta Id^silon Fraternity, Michigan Chapter. On the 22nd of Alarch, 1899, he was married to Miss Clothilde Marckworth. Two children, Marie Louise and John Marckworth Bendin- ger, have blessed their union. Mr. Bendinger belongs to the Presbyterian Church. He resides in the pretty little city of Delaware, Ohio. Francesco Bartholomew DeLeone, A prominent musician and concert pianist of Akron, Ohio, was born July 28, 1887, at Ravenna, Ohio, son of Philip and Theresa Cuozzo DeLeone, natives of Colliano, Province of Salerno, Italy. He was educated in the public schools of Ravenna, and having shown a remarkable talent for music, when still a boy, was sent to Dana’s Musical Institute, at Warren, Ohio, at the age of fourteen years. In 1903 he went to Naples, Italy, where he studied under great masters for two years. In 1906 he again crossed the ocean for the purpose of studying pianoforte and composition at Naples. He made a third study trip to that musical center in 1909 and received diplomas from the Naples Royal Con- servatory of Music. He wrote his first composition when twelve years old and has composed a set of fugues and canones, characteristic danzes. Sonatas, Nocturnes and Polonaises, Overtures, Marches, Mazurkas, Cavottes and Minuets, Vaises and tone Poems, Scherzos, many Romances, in English, Italian and Latin, and is now composing a Grand Opera with an American subject, which he hopes to produce shortly. While at Naples, Mr. DeLeone studied under the direction of Professors C. DeNardes, Puzone, D’Atri and Rossemapdo of the Royal Conservatory of Music. On September 16, 1908, he was married to Miss Maud Mae Sherrick, daughter of the late Rev. W. W. Sherrick, D. I)., of Akron, Yhio. His residence address is 199 West Market Street, Akron, Ohio, where his study is also located. .lohn Hofer, Edward Harry Frey, conductor of orchestra, composer and teacher of music, located at Lima, Ohio, was born f b De leone. on the 7th of May, 1862, at Chillicothe, Ohio, the son of George Frey, a merchant, and Margaret Wegerly Frey. Mr. Frey is of German ancestry, his parents having emi- grated from the fatherland to the new world. They were married in C'hillicothe and had si.x children. Of the boys, Charles Frey, the oldest, was a prominent lawyer; George Freis a musician (clarinetist) and Edward H. Frey, the well known \'iolinist and composer. Mr. Frey attended schools at Chillicothe, Ohio, and studied music under Prof. F. Wiegand, of C'incinnati, and Dr. Fuchs, of Chillicothe. He started upon his musical career at the early age of twelve years, as leader of the orchestra in the Clugh Opera House at Chillicothe. He is now leader of the Fourot Opera House Orchestra at Lima, Ohio, in which city he also follows the profession of teaching violin playing. He was located for a number ot years in Chillicothe, in the same profession. Mr. Frey is the composer of about 800 pieces, including songs and selecticms for \ iolin, piano. Guitar, mandolin and banjo. Some of his noted compositions are Overture, Bright Eyes, arranged for twej \iolins and piano; Repose, slumbersong, for violin and piano; the tone poem “Music and Flowers,’’ for violin and piano; Overture, Conservatory, a guitar solo, and the 0\ er- ture Schubert Club, also a guitar solo. Socially, Mr. Frey is a member of the 1. O. O. F. He was married to Miss Martha Kellstadt, of Circleville, Ohio, on the 18th of March, 1886. They have no children. Mr. Frey resides at 127 N. McDonel Street, Lima, Ohio. .k prominent musician and band master of Cincinnati, Ohio, was l)orn on the lUth of September, 1868, at the Chieen Cdty, the son of John Hofer and Anna Keller, both nati\es ot Switzerland. The father was also a talented musicain, having emigrated to the Ihiited States in 1865 and settled in Cin- cainnati, where he became an important factor in the musical life of that city. Mr. John Hofer was educated in the Public Schools of his home city. When still a boy he developed an inherited talent for music and at the age of eight years began the study of that beautiful art. He subsequently was instructed by such prominent musicians as Messrs. Wiegand and Leopold and later he attended the Cincinnati College of Music. At the age of sixteen years he became a member of bands and orchestras and since 1903 he is the conductor of one of the leading bands of Cincinnati, hor a number of \’ears IVIr. Hofer ’s band has given enjoyment to many thousands while furnishing the music for the public concerts in Burnett W’oods, Wdishington, Lincoln, Sinton, Inwood and Lytle Parks at Cincinnati, he also played delightful concerts at the Sinton and Alms Hotels, and has furnished the orchestra at Estill Springs, Ky. for five seasons. At great occasions, like the Celebration of German Day by the associated German Societies of Cincinnati, Hofer’s Band has furnished the musical part ot the ceremonies. JOHN HOFER. On the 20th of August, 1890, Mr. Hofer was married to Miss Emma Kaiser, of Cincinnati. One daughter, a highly talented pianiste, has blessed their union. Mr. Holer resides at 137 Parker Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. 1224 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Frederick .1. Hoffmann, One of the leading nuisieians of Cincinnati, Ohio, is a nati\e Cincinnatian. His father was a ])rominent Cincinnati teacher and taught his son the first lessons in music, for wliich art \oung Hoffmann de\-eloped a great talent. At the early age of se\'en years he was able to pla\- dil'licult Sonatas, l.ater Mr. I loffmann entered the Cincinnati College of Music where he studied under such masters as Romeo and Allen Carno. 1 hS |)rogress was such, that, in ISO."), he was presented with the golden Springer medal, and in 1896, two years after his gr.iduation from the ( 'incinnati College of Music, he again was highh- honored by the presentation of the Post Graduate medal. After a few \-ears of work as a teacher of Pi.ino at the College of Music Mr. Hoffmann went to Kurope, where, under the tuition of Leschetitsky, he finished his musical training. Mr. I loffmann who enjcn’s an emhable reputation as Pianist, Composer and Teacher, is connected wdth the Piano l)e|)artment of the Cincinnati College ol Music. Tracy E. Huntington, One of the leading exponents the musical art in Cleveland, Ohio, is a native of New \'ork. lie was born on the 27 of Augitst, 1869, in New’ York City, the son of Edwin 'I'racx' and Sarah Wadsw orth 1 1 unt itiglon, who were of Connecticut origin. He showed a remarkable talent lor the most beautilitl of the arts, music, and for this reason his l)arentsga\e him the \'ery best musical training obtainable. After having studied under the \er\- best teaclu'rs in the country, Mr. Huntington, at the age of 21 years, start<'d in ])ublic lile in tlu' ca]Kicit\' ol organist, and since that time he has followed his profession as teacher of pituio and organ, in which he has met with pronounced sticcess. He has a large class of students who under his splendid guidance make r.ii)id ])rogress. Mr. Huntington’s studios are located at 647 Kticlid A^■enue, Ckwe- land, Ohio. F. KARASLK. Frank Karasek, Bandmaster at the barracks of the I nited States Army, at Columbus, Ohio, ranks among the best known liand- masters of our state. He is of Bohe- mian parentage, being born in Bohemia, .\ustr ia, on the 1st of August, 1872. His ])arents were Stephen Karasek, miller by trade, and Anna Sima Karasek. 4'hey ga\e their son the very best education obtainal)le. He attended the high school at Prague and ha\ ing developed remarkable talent for music was gi\x‘n instructicms in that art by the best teachers in the capital of Bohemia. When sixteen years of age he immigrated to America. In the year of 1893 he enlisted in the U. S. Army, and since that time he has devoted his time and talent to the (kwelo]>ment of band music in the Ihiited State> .\rm\-. During the Spanish American W'ar he served in the band of the Ninteenth United States Infantry Regiment in Porto Rico as Seargent. .\t p)resc'nt his official title is chief musician of the barracks band, Columl)us, ()hio. Mr. Karasek is the comi^oser of a number of marches and musical pieces, among which the following are the best known: United States Regular, Major Glenn, Hikers and N.mda. Bamlmaster Karasek li\ es at numlter 46 Barracks, (’olumbus, Ohio. .lohn A. Hoffmann, ( )ne of the most promising and talented jrrofessional singers of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 6th of June, 1882, at Cincinnati, and is the son of Philip and Julia Ott Hoff- mann , both nati\es of Germany. Mr. Hoffmann’s father emigrated when eighteen wars of ag(‘, while his mother came to the new world with her parents when but seven yearsold. M r. John A. Hoffmann receiwd his education in the i)ublic schools of his native cit\’. When still a bcjy, he showed a remarkable talent for music, being possessed of a \oice of rare beauty. He therefore was given into the care of the best instructors in music and subsetiuently attended the Cincinnati Conserxatory of Music studying under such renowneil teachers as Miss Clara Baur, Richard Schliewel), Douglas Boxal and .Arthur J. H. Barbour. He graduated with honors in 1905, when he took up the profes- sion of teaching singing. In 1908, he went to Berlin, Germany, where he studied and coached with the famous singer Franz Henri von Dulong and the Koenigliche Kapell- meister Richard Lowe. His voice is a lyric tenor of brilliant cpiality and wdde range. Before Mr. Hoffmann returned to his natixe city, in (October, 1910, he appeared in many concerts in Berlin and London, receixing the most flattering criticisms. Mr. Hoffmann is noxv a memlier of the faculty of the Cincinnati Conseiwatory of Music. Lor a number of xears he lilled the ])osition of (jrganist of St. John’s Church, 12th and Elm Streets, ( incinnati, ( )hio. He resides xvith his parents at 61 Mullierry Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. Willibald Lehmann, of Cincinnati, O. Is not onlx' an instructor of e.xceptional gifts and experience, but also an unusually thorough and finely educated musician. He has trained large choruses, conducted grand opera, and is a coach of artistic taste and deep knoxvledge. Mr. Lehmann was born in the little Silesian toxvn of Clreiffenberg in 1866, and his musical talent xvas early awakened in the atmosi)here of a cultured home, xx here great care was gix'en to the fostering and dex’elopment of his precious gift. His instruction began with his sixth ye.ir, and three years later he entered the Royal Gxmasium at Lauban, xvhere he xvas gix’en into the personal care of Gustaw Boettger, Rox'al Musical Director, and a musician of forceful personality, as xvell as splendid attainment. During a course of sexen x'ears the young student made rapid progress in piano, harmony and composition, quite a number of smaller compositions meeting THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1225 with much success. A four years’ course in the study of piano, organ and composition, under Ludwig Riedel in Hirschberg, followed. Mr. Lehmann then took up the study of law at the university of Freiberg, Halle and Leipsic, at the same time not neglecting his music, the latter, being with him, far the more popular. He continued his vocal instruc- tions in Leipsic, and Schelper, the famous baritone of the opera, who took much interest in his talented pupil. At the same time he studied repertoire at the Opernschule, taking advantage of all the wonderful musical opportunities which Leipsic affords, including piano with Willy Rehberg, and theory and musical history with Prof. Kretzschamar of the University. For added finish Mr. Lehmann coached for a year in German Lieder with the famous Liedersinger, Amelia Joachim, in Berlin. In 1890 Mr. Lehmann came to the United States, and after a six months’ engage- ment as Director of the Norcross English Opera Company, began his career as a voice teacher at Chicago, subsequently accepting a flattering offer as chorus master and assistant conductor of the Minnie Hauck Grand Opera Company. Later he became official accompanist to the Metropolitan Grand Opera Company, which gave him a most unusual and highly profitable opportunity to enrich his knowledge and experience in all that is best and highest in vocal art. This opportunity he was not slow to grasp and use to advantage. Since 1893 Mr. Lehman has devoted himself exclusively to teaching \’oice, in which capacity he has met with signal success. After teaching for seven years in Jamestown, N. J., Mr. Lehmann took an eight months’ sojourn in Europe, which ga^'e him renewed stimulus and ideas which materially aided his teaching. The desire for increased opportunities and for a field of larger proportions for his artistic labors lured Mr. Lehmann to Cincinnati, where he has met with most flattering success. After two years successful private teaching, he accepted a call into the faculty of the Cincinnati College of Music, which position he held for two years, resigning to devote his entire time to his rapidly increasing private following. From the second month of his resignation in Cincinnati Mr. Lehmann has held the portion as organist and musical director of the Central Christian Church, and is now for the third consecutive season, the accompanist for the Orpheus. LEHMANN. Charles Arthur Ridgway, A prominent teacher of piano and concert pianist at Dayton, Ohio, was born at Corn- ing, N. Y. He is of English extraction, his ancestors having emigrated to the new world at the end of the seventeenth century, at William Penn’s time, and settled in Pennsyb \'ania and New Jersey. While he Avas yet very young the family moved to Minneapolis, Minn., where his father, Morris David Ridgway, became one of the most prominent and successful real estate dealers of that city, having a large part in its rapid growth. Y’hen a child, Mr. Ridgway showed a very remarkable talent for music and could be justly considered a musical prodigy. At the age of six he began to develop signs of a rare musical gift, but instead of playing by ear, as is the case with most children of natural talent, he taught himself to read notes accurately and developed himself to such an extent that he played such difficult music as Chopin and Liszt before he had taken any lessons. Even as a child he had a preference for the better class of music and despised thrash. Mr. Ridgway was educated in the public schools of Minneapolis and the University of Minnesota. His parents intended a business career for him, but his lo\-e for music was too strong. While studying in the high school and Uni\'ersit>q he was also studying music with H. S. Woodruff, one of the most prominent of the Minneapolis teachers, and when, later, an opportunity presented itself to go to Boston, it was eagerly grasped. He remained in Boston for a period of Aa'c years, deA'oting himself to a thorough study of Piano, Theory and Organ, under such teachers as H. S. Wilder, Homer A. Norris B. J. Lang, and others. He also attend- ed the Boston and New England Conser- vatories and paid especial attention to the Leschetitzry and Virgil Clavier Systems. Mr. Ridway began his professional career by concert Avork in Boston and A’icinity, and by teaching. He also made a six months concert trip through the Eastern and Southern States Avith a prominent Boston Company, appearing both as soloist and accompanist, Avith much success. He came to Dayton in 1905, AA-here he soon became prominent in the Avith a prominent Boston Company, appearing both as soloist and accompanist, Avith much success. He came to Dayton in 1905, Avhere he soon became prominent in the musical affairs of the city. He has gNen a number of concerts and recitals in the “Gem City,’’ rendering splendid programs. His AA'ork as a teacher has been most successful his large class occupying most of his time. Mr. RidgAvay is the composer of a number of concert pieces, none of Avhich haA'e CA'er been published. One of these, a Valse de Con- cert for tAvo- pianos, has been receiA'ed Avith great faA’or. Mr. RidgAvay resides at 110 North LudloAv Street, AA'here his studio is also located. Herbert Foster Sprague, Organist and Choirmaster of Trinity Church, Toledo, Ohio, Avas born on the 10th of November, 1878, at Saranac, Michigan. His father, Jonathan A. Sprague, A\-as a natiA e of New York State, and came to Michigan in 1837, Avhile his mother, Mrs. Adelaide Crawford Sprague Avas the first Avhite child born in ChiAvasse County, Michigan. The father has held all ranks in the Methodist Conference as a Minister of the Gospel beloAv H. F. SPRAGL'E- CHAS A RIDGWAA'. 1226 THE BOOK OF OHIO. that of Ifislio]). lie was a I ieuteiiaiit in Colonel Berdcn’s sharpshooters, who distinguished themselves for great bravery in the Civil War. On the fourth da\' of the sewen day’s fighting in the peninsula, Ldeutenant Sprague was wounded and taken Indsoner by Stonewall Jackson, lie was reinoxed to Richmond and [)laced in a Ixj.x car, as Liblty Prison was full at that time. Mr. Herbert h'oster Sj)rague was educated in the ( irand Rapids, Michigan, public schools, at Kalamazoo high school, and at Kalamazoo Baptist College, lie earl\- showed signs of a remarkable talent for music, and his parents gave him every opportunity to develop his gifts, lie Studies organ and piano with Wilhelm M iddleschulte, organist of Thomas orchestra, at ('hicago, later he went to Europe and studied orgtui w ith ( 'h. M. Wider, organist of St. Sitlince. Paris, and with Ale.x. Cuilmant, of the Paris Conservatory of Music, and voice with Jac(|ues Bouh\-, of the stime conser\;itor_\-. Mr. Sjtrague entered upon his professional career at the age of sixteen, as Organist of hirst Ikiiitist Church, Kalamtizoo. Then he went to C.rand Rapids, Mich., as Organist and Choirmaster (T Grace Episcopal Church, and also became ( )rg;inist and I tireclor of Westminster Presbyterian ('hurch. He received an appointment as Organist and Director of the \ew l ugland Congregat ionalist Church at Chicago, but went t(; St. Paul, Minn., as organist of Central Presbyterian Church, where he reccEed a higher salaiw'. h’roin St. Paul, Mr. Sprague sailed for Europe to hnish his musical training at the fountain heads of musical art. .\fter returning from luiro|)c, .Mr. Sprague serwd as Organist and Choirmaster at St. Lttke's Episcopal Church, Kal- amazoo, until his present |)osition ', after which he attended Hughes High School, and, having developed a remarkable talent for music, he entered the Cincinnati College of Altisic, at which celebrated institution he obtained a thorough musical training He started in ])ublic life at the age of twentv’-two \-ears, in the capacity of teacher of violin and solo vdolinist. Eor a numlter of years Mr. Sim])kinson has conducted a school of violin at Picjua, Ohio, and has done a great deal to develop the taste for good mtisic in that cit>'. lie is conductor of the Picpia Symphony Orchestra, and has been instrumental in Ivringing such talent to Piqua as the Cincin- nati S\ niphon\' (Irchestra; ( '.\ \vll Alyles; Abicmillen; the Boston Eestival Orchestra; Fritz Kreisler; Josef Hofmann; Adme. Schumann- I h'ink; Aline, .\ordica, and many others. ( )n the 10th of February, 1908, he was married to Miss Jean Isabel Scott. His violin school is located in the Scott-Slauson-Boa! Block, Piqua, Ohio. Mark A. Snyder, Enjoys the well founded reputation of being the leading musician and teacher of violin in Springfield, ( )hio. He was born bn the 28th of January, 1873, at LaGrange, Ohio, and is the son ol Dr. George Snyder, a physician, and Mary Jane Snyder. The father was a native of A^ermont, and of German abstraction, while the mother was of Welsh ancestry and a native of Ohio. Mr. Snyder was educated in the public schools and at Oberlin College. At an early age he showed a remarkable talent for music and there- fore was given the best of instructions. He studied at the Conservatory of Music at Oberlin, alter which he went to Europe to finish his musical education. From 1894 to 1897, he studied in Berlin, under such masters ns Carl Halir and Kruse. Returning to his native land. Air. Snyder settled in Springfield, taking up the profession of teacher of violin. For five years he was a member of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, under A'an der Stucken, and for a period of four years he was connected with the Alarion String Ouartette of the Cincinnati College of Alusic. He now is a teacher of violin and theory of recognized ability. Air. Snyder has been conductor of choruses for special musical occasions at Sjvringfield for sev eral years. He has written several songs and is the com- [K)ser of a number of choruses for mixed voices, of a number of male choruses, of a Sonata for piano and violin, and of a Romance for Orchestra. Socially, he is a Mason. In 1898 he was married to Aliss Gertrude Schulz, of Berlin, Germany. One boy and two girls have been borne to them. Air. Snyder resides at 809 S. Limestone Street. His studios are located at 21J^ South Fountain Avenue, Springfield, Ohio. John Yoakley, ( )ne ol the leading musicians and organists of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 27th of Alay, 1860, at IGrtsmouth, Ohio. His father, John A oaklev', was a dealer in pianos, organs, sheet music and instruments. He was a native of Ireland, of English and Irish descent, while his mother, Susan R. St. John, born in Grayson, Kentucky, was of New- Englalnd lineage. Air. John AMakly, the father, .dlhough a merchant, was ( )rganist and Director of the music of All Saint’s Episcopal Church, Portsmouth, for a period of thirty- two \eais, and wrote numerous compositions for the choir at that time. His son, John A'oakley, showed the signs of a remarkable musical talent when (|uite young, and he was given every opportunity to develop his talents. He received his education in ]viano from 1 lofcssois 11. (i. Andre and ( leorge Schneider, the latter of the Cincinnati Alusic School ; in organ, from Professor George E. Whiting, of the Cincinnati College of Alusic, and in theory, from Professor Arthur Alees, of the Cincinnati Music School. Air. Yoakley started in his piofessional life at the age of twenty-one years, as organist and director at the “Church of the Advent,’’ Episcopal, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, at the same time he began to instruct in music in the city and vicinity. Later he took the position as Instructor in the Cincinnati Public Schools, and, in 1893, as organist at Christ Episcopal Church. In addition, in 19U2, as organist of the A. A. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1227 Scottish Rite, and, in 1905, as organist of the Plum Street Jewish Temple, holding these three positions at the present time. These positions are of great responsibility and require a most thorough knowledge of the different forms of “ritual” contained in the \ arious services and ceremonies, and only music of a high standard is used at these places. Mr. Voakley is the composer of a “Te Deum” in F, which received its initial rendition at the Consecration Service of a Bishop of the Episcopal Church at Richmond, Va. His hymn tune, “All Souls,” was chosen for insertion in the new Church of England Hymnal (O.x- ford Edition). He also composed “Jubilate,” in E; “Te Deum” in B Hat; “Bonum Est” in B flat; “Deus Misereatur” in B flat; “Benedicite” in G, two sacred solos also, “Remem- ber now thy Creator” and a number of piano publications, ^•iz: “Polacca,” “Spring,” Scena Zingarescen,” “Ballade,” “Gavotte,” “Eantasia” and “Cavatina” for \iolin. Some of these were played at the Ohio Teachers’ Association meetings. Mr. Voakley has officiated as organist and director of music at important events with the assistance of the best talent in Cincinnati. He is a member of the A. A. Scottish Rite; a Knight d'emplar; a Blue Lodge; Chapter and Council member of the Masonic Order, and also a member of Syrian Temple, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. Voakley was married on the 17th of May, 1890, to Miss Josephine S. Royse. His wife died, leaving one child, John Noble Voakley. His religious affiliation is with the Protestant Episcopal denomination, he being a member of Christ Episcopal Church and of the Episcopal Church Club, Cincin- nati, Ohio. His studios are locatetl in the Methodist Book Concern Building, 222 \\’est Fourth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. Samuel Hannaford, Leading architect of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 10th of April, 1835, in the Parish of V’iddecombe, Devonshire, England, and is the scion of a family which resided and owned the same property for o\‘er three hundred years. Wdddecombe parish is on the edge of Dartmoor, Devonshire. Mr. Hannaford emigrated to this country with his parents in the fall of 1844. They crossed the mountains from Cumberland to Wheeling in a stage coach and thence came to Cincin- nati by steamboat. Mr. Hannaford received his education in the Cincinnati public schools and at Earmers’ College, College Hill. Later he studied architecture in the office of Mr. J. R. Hamilton. In 1857 he founded the present firm of Samuel Hannaford Sons, which has been pre-eminently successful. A great many of the most beautiful buildings of Cincinnati and other cities are due to the genius of Mr. Samuel Hannaford, and his sons, who succeeded their father in his profession. Mr. Samuel Hannaford has been mar- ried thrice. He resides in Winton Place, a beautiful suburb of Cincinnati, of which he was the first and also the last Mayor. 4'he office of the firm of Samuel Hannaford Sons is located at Sixth A\'enue and Vine Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. Frank L. Packard, A leading architect of Columbus, Ohio, and director and stockholder in \-arious banks and industrial enterprises of the Capital City, was born on the 11th of June, 18fi(), at Delaware, Ohio, the son of AK'aro H. and Miranda Black Packard, nati\'es of Kent's Hill, Maine and Indiana, respectively. He comes from Revolutionary stock. The Packards were related to John Alden, who came over on the Mayflower. On his mother's side he is of Connecticut ancestry. Mr. Packard received his early education in the Delaware public schools. He came to C'olumbus in 1883, took a commercial course and then attended Ohio State Fni\-ersity, paying special attention to Engineering and Arch- itecture. He completed the course in these studies at the Massachusetts Instittite of Technology. He also studied with Baltcock & Willard, then the leading firm of arch- itects in New '^'ork. He started in l)usiness life in 1879, as assistant in the architects' office of E. A. Gartner, at Delaware, who was a \ ery skilled German architect and engi- neer. Mr. Packard has done a great amount of private work, residences, churches, etc. He has a large office force and corps of able architects, and he is considered to be the leading institutional architect in the country, having specialized public institutional work. Eor this purpose he has tra\eled all o\'er the LMited States and Europe to stud>- these institutions, and he is constilted by architects from all over the country, in additicn to being architect in chief for large public, railroad and corporation structures in e\'er\- part of the country. He has !i\ed in \-arious institutions for the purpose of stuching the need and requirements of insane and other inmates, and now is looked upon as an atithority on those questions. He secured his first contract for a public building (the Girls’ Industrial Home, Delaware, Ohio), in a competitive contest in 1886, while >et a student. Socially, Mr. Packard is a member of the Chi Phi College fraternit>-. He is married and resides at 70 Garfield Ax’enue, Columbtis, Ohio. His offices are located in the New Hayden Btiikling, that cit\'. Levi T. Scofield, Architect, sculptor and engineer, was born in tdeveland, Ohio, on the 9th of November, 1842, the son of William and Mar\' Coon Scofield. His father settled at Cle\-eland in 1816, building the first house erected on Walnut Street. His name was originalh- spelled Schofield, but in the 3'ear of 1852, William Schofield and his brothers decided to leave out the “h” though the letter is still used occa- sionally, especially in legal documents. Levi T. Scofield recei^■ed his earh- education in the public schools of Clex’eland, in which cit\' he also first studied tngineering and architecture. In 1860 he remo\’ed to Cincinnati to continue his studies, but upon the outbreak of the Civil War he returned and enlisted in the First Regimedt of Ohio Light Artillery. When his term expired he was commissioned Second Lieutenant in the One Hundred and Third Ohio Infantry, from which rank he was promoted First Lieutenant, in February-, 1863, and Captain in No\ember, 1864. During his Infantry service his engineering abilities were appreciated by his superior officers, and he was frequently assigned to do engineering work. He participated in the pursuit of Kirby Smith, in 1862, and of John Morgan, in 1863; went with Burnside in his campaign across the Cumberland Mountains, and served at the siege of Kno.wille, as well as at the repulse of Longstreet. From June, 1863, to June, 1865, Scofield’s service was continuous as an Engineer Officer. He was in the l)attle of the Atlanta Campaign and the Campaign of Nashville; took part in the pursuit of Hood to the Tennessee Ri\er, and served in North Carolina early in 1865, being present at the capture of Raleigh and the surrender of General Johnson. After the establishment of peace he at first made his home in New Vork City, but soon returned to Cle\eland, where he has resided ever since JOHN ^’O.VKLE'i’. 1228 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Since 18C)7 he has engaged in the erection of many public buildings, such as the Cleveland High School (1S7S), the Athens and C'olumbus Asylums for Insane (1869), the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Orphans’ Home at Xenia, Ohio (1871), the Raleigh Penitentiary (1870), the ('le\-eland House of Correction (1867), the Mansfield Reformatory (1884), and the Scho- field Building (1901). The Schofield Building, of which he is lioth architect and owner, is located on the corner of Kuclid Ax'enue and Erie Street, Cle\'eland, Ohio, and is one of the most imposing structures in the Forest C'ity. One of his most celebrated works is the Cu\-ahoga ('ount\’ Soldiers’ and Sailors’ monument, standing in the Public Scpiare of Cle\eland, of which he was both architect ami scul]rtor in 1894. At its dedication the ])rinci|)al speech was deli\’ered by William McKinley, at that time Governor of Ohio. 4'lu‘ |)rocession on that occasion was one (4 the greatest and most comprehensi\'e ever s(‘en in the streets of Cleveland. 4'he total cost ot the monument was $314, oOO, of which amount .$2.17, ()()() was paid by the county anrl $17, ()()() was contributed by the architect. 4 he la.\ was distributed over fourteen years and amounted tcj one and nine tenth mills on e\’c“ry hundred dollars of the table value of the proj^erty throughout the county. The es|)lanade is a hundred feet scpiare, the tablet room is forty feet square, and the total lu‘ighl of llu> top of the crowning hgure of Liberty is one hundred and tw'enty-five feet. I'lu' building is of black Ouincy granite, the shaft is of the same material, polished, and the Ifsplanade is of red Medina stone. There are over one hundred tons of cast bronze in the statuary, doors, grills, etc., and the names of ten thousand soldiers are engraved on the marble tablets. Before this magnificent monument could be erected, more than two and a half years of litigation had to be traversed. The Common Pleas and Circuit Courts enjoined the C’ommission, but its members were twelve old veterans, who had luwer learned to know when the\' were' lickc‘d, as Scofield puts it, and they carried the fight first to the Supreme Court of the State, and iheii lo the I 'nited Sialc-s Court, iu both of which the decisions of the lower Courts were reversed. To the work of the design- ing and building the moimnu'iii, Mr. Scofield devoted sewen and one halt years without comjeensation, and when the co-oi)eration of the Count\' Commi>.''ioners was retused, he sacrifit'ed his pri\'ate fortune in order to defray expenses. Mr. Scofield is a member of the Mililaiw ( trders of the Loyal Lc'gion and thc' Grand .'\rmy Republic, and is a fellow ot the American Institute of Architects. He was married at Kings\ ille, t )hio, on the 26th of June, 1867, to Elizabeth ('., daughter of Marshal and Sarah Wright, and has three sons and one daughtcM' li\ ing. t )f his sons, 1 )onald C. ScoficTl, and like his lirothers an architect, and associated with his father in busiiu'ss, was hirst Lieutenant in the Engineer Battalion of the Ohio National Guards. He was killed in a railroad wreck on the 3rd of March, I'.K).'), while enroiite with his brofession in Hamil- ton, Butler Cotmt\’, Dliio. I le is now considered to lie one of the leading dentists in that ptirf of ( )hio, with .i sitlcndid prtictice. He is the- founder and organizer etf the Hamilton .\c;idem\' of Denl.il Siirger\', which became the nucleus of the Butler County Dental SocietN'. Soci.ilK’, he is ;i member ot the Phi .Alphtt C hi ('ollege Fraternity; the Masonic ()rder; K. of P.; Modern Woodmen of America; 4 ribe of Ben Htir and the Spanish War \'eter;ins. ,\t the otitbre;d< ot the Spanish-.American War, Dr. Hammerle followed the second call of President McKinlev and enlisted as a Private in Co. E, First Ohio X’olunteer Infantry. Lie was honorably discharged w4ien the regiment was mus- tered out at C'incinnati, on the 2.5th of ( tetober, 1898. Dr. Hammerle is also the organizer of Grubbs-Bagley Camip a. R. hammerle. .No. 16, Spanish War AYterans, of which he was its first Commander. His offices are located at 514-15 Rentschler Building, 1 himilton, t )hio. M. M SEMANS II. M. Semans, M. A., D. 1). S., of Columbus, Ohio, w-as born on the 1st of October, 1867, at Delaware, t )hi(;. He obtained his education at Wesleyan Eni\ ersity, graduating in 1890, with the degree of B. A. In 1897 his Alma Mater conferred upon him the degree of M. A. In 1897 he graduated from the New York C'ollege of Dentistry. He is a memlter ot the Phi Kappa Psi and Psi Omega (Dental) Fraternities. Socially, he is a Mason, being connected with Scioto Consistory, Scottish Rite. In the fall of 18!)7, Dr. Semans located in Columbhs, Ohio, in the practice of Dentistry. He became an instructor of Dental Technic at the Dental Department of the Ohio Medical llni\ersity, now the Starling ( )hio Medical College, in 1898. He was elected Dean of the same department in 1905, and occupies the chairs of Dental Anatomy and Operative Dentistry. Dr. Semans is a member of the National Dental Association, the Ohio Dental Society and the Columbus Dental Society. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1229 Jared P. Bliss, A prominent business man of Cincinnati and Columbus, Ohio, was born on the loth of September, 1854, at Columbus, Ohio, on High and Willow Street, in a house in which his mother had also been born. His father, Chas. C. Bliss, a tinner by trade, came from New York State, while his mother, Deborah Hunter Shead Bliss was a native of the Buckeye State, as above mentioned. The maternal great-grandfather ot Mr. Bliss, John McGown, emigrated from County Londonderry, Ireland, when a young man, to the ■ United States, and took part in the War of 1812. In 1814 he came to Ohio and settled in Columbus, on a picee of land he had received from the government as compensation for services rendered in that war. Mr. Bliss was educated in the Columbus pul)lic schools. When fourteen years old he became a messenger boy in the Ohio Legislature, which convened in 1868-69. He then worked in a brick yard and as newsboy on railroad trains until 1870, when he received a position in the general offices of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. For the following tw'enty-one years Mr. Bliss was engaged in the railroad business, partly as Ticket Agent at Columbus, Ohio, Ihiion Depot, and as Eastern Pas- senger Agent of the I. B. & Yk, now a part of the Big Four system. In 1891 he left the railroad business and became engaged in a bakery at Columbus, Ohio, which for many years he conducted with great success. For the last seven years, Mr. Bliss is the Cin- cinnati Representatu'e of the American Finance iS: Security Company, with headquarters in the Union Trust Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. Bliss has always been a faithful Republican and he has served his party in many capacities. He was a member of the Columbus Board of Public Works from 1892 to 1896, and also served as a member of the Repuldican Executive Committee of Franklin County. He has been a Delegate to numerous County and State Conventions, and was a Delegate to the Republican National Convention, which, in 1888, nominated Benjamin Harrison for the Presidency. Socially, Mr. Bliss is a Mason and a Knight Templar. On the 15th of September, 1874, he was married to Miss Adelia Jane Rogers, of Columbus, Seven children were born to them. Mr. and Mrs. Bliss are also the proud grandparents of seven lovely grandchildren. Mr. Bliss takes a great interest in church matters, and is a Trustee of the South High Street Methodist Episcopal Church, Columbus, Ohio. He resides at 1633 South High Street, Columbus. His offices are located in Cincinnati, Ohio. J. P. BLISS- Joseph C. Campbell, A representative business man of Columbus, Ohio, was born near Edingburg, \'irginia, on the 26th day of October, 1852. He recei\'ed his education in his native \ illage schools, augumented by private studies. He came to Columbus, Ohio when twenty years old, and secured a position as clerk in a dry goods house. After a short experience there he was offered a position in an insurance office, where he then began at the foot of the ■ ladder, upon which he has climbed to an eminent position. After ser\4ng a useful office apprenticeship, desiring a place where he could work out his own destiny, he secured the Columbus Agency of the John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company, of Boston, Mass., and was soon advanced to the position of State Agent of the Company for Ohio and West \4rginia. In those days it was an unimportant and unorganized field, but by Mr. Campbell’s efforts it gradually became, and still is, one of the largest agencies of the Company in the United States. In 1900, Mr. Campbell bccaii.e also connected with the organization with what is now The National Bank of Commerce, and he has been its President since its inception. He has served as a Trustee of the Toledo State Hos- pital, receiving his appointment from Governor Nash, and remained on the Board through the administration of Governors Herrick and Harris, resigning prior to the last election. Mr. Campbell is a public-spirited man, of a generous, kindly nature, and because of his interest in the cause of education, he has given substantial aid to students where assis- tance was both needed and deser\’ed, and has supported important lectures of the Ohio State Uni\-ersity, and financially aided schools and churches In state and communit\- of his birth. His love for music has made him a conspicuous figure l)oth as a patron of j c. CAMPBELL. and as an active participant in musical enterprises of a high class. He is identified with many organizations, business, fraternal and social; The Columbus Board of Trade, having served upon Its Board of Directors, and in Cit>' Council; is a member of the Columbus Club; The Columbus Countr\- Club; Knight Templar and Scottish Rite bodies. He was married in 1883, to Miss Emma A. \Miite; has two children. Resides in Columbus, Ohio, occupying his country home, “Bryn Mawr,” in summer, near Dennison Unh'ersity. George W. Crouse, A prominent resident of Akron, Ohio, is a native of Summit County, born at Tallmadeg, on the 23rd of November, 1832, the son of George and Margaret H. Robinson Crouse. He is of German and Irish ancestry. His father was killed in the War of Independence. The family came to Ohio at an early day. He was associated in the clearing and culti\-ation of the farm until he was seventeen years of age, while securing a fair education. Continuing to spend the summers in farm work he taught school during the winters for the next five years. In 1865 he started in public life as Deputy Count\' Treasurer, with offices at Akron, and until 1858 he also performed the duties of Deputy County Auditor. In the latter year, and again in I860, he was elected County Auditor, but before his second term expired he was called upon to fill the term of County Treasurer. When the Civil War broke out, Mr. Crouse became very acti\’e in the cause of the Union. He secured many recruits, he himself enlisting in Company F, One Hundred and Sixty-Fourth Regiment, Ohio VMlunteer Infantry, for the one hundred days service; he received his honorable discharge in 1864. After the war, upon the organization of the Commandery of Ohio, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, he became a third degree member, and today is the only member of the ('ommander\- of this degree. The Soldiers' Memorial Chapel at Akron, one of the most beautiful structures in the city, was secured mainly through his efforts. In 1863, Mr. Crouse was made Secretary of the Akron Board of Trade, and subsequently became very acti\’e in encouraging the location of manufacturing interests in this city. He became, in the same year. Financial Manager for C. Aultman & Company, of Canton, in the erection of a branch 1230 THE BOOK OF OHIO. l nion Arm\'. lie was eoniinissioned I'irsl ( )lno X'oliinteer Intaniry, in which he seiwed until June, 18()4, when he was transferred lo the One Hundredth I'nited States Infantry, as Major Commanding. He organized, (‘(iitip|)ed, and so disciplined this Regiment that it did most excellent service at all times, and especially in the Hattie of Nash\ille and the campaign afterw’ards in ])ursuit of ( '.eneral Hood’s broken army. Returning from this campaign, more than a month aft(‘r the Hattie of Nashville, Major Ford was so broken in health that Major ('.eneral ( '.eorge 11. 'Fhoinas placed him on the Military ('ommission at Nashville, for tlu' trial of citizen offenders agtiinst military law. He served in this capacity until mus- tered out, except a short time he was Jitdge Advocate in the trial of Emerson Ethreage, at Columbus, Ky., for incendiary speeches and stiring up sedition. The Commission at .\ash\ ille was soon reorganized, with Major k'ord as President, for the trial of Champ Ferguson, the notorious C.uerrilla Chief of Kentucky and d'ennessee. This trial wdiich was most \-igorously fought by very al)le attorneys, covered many intricate and difficult legal (iiu’stions. I lecisions of these rvere so well considered, and concisely rendered, that the lawyers accpuesced without adverse comment. For faithful services. Major Ford was bre\'it('d Fieutenant Colonel and Colonel. He was nuistered out with his regiment in 1 )ecember, ISb.), and returning to his home in Lebanon, Ohio, began the practice of the law, serxing one term as Prosecuting Attorney for Warren County. April, 1870, he mox'ed to ('incinnati and engaged in the life insurance business, and tor many years has been the successful manager of the Aetna Life Insurance Company, in the State of ()hio. His offices arc located in the Commercial Tribune Huilding. He is a memixer of the Ohio Commandery of the Military Loyal Legion of the United States of America. Collin Ford, .\ttorney at law by jxrofession, aiul for many years prominent in the business of life insurance, was born August 2i)th, 1827, in Coshocton County, Ohio. His early educa- tion was such as is accpiired in the common schools of the state and the Seminary at Norwalk, Ohio, xvhich institution had rpiite a reputation in its day. In early manhood he follow'ed farming and teaching school, and was Superinten- dent of the public .schools at Lebanon, Ohio, when the Civil War broke out. In July, 1802, Mr. Ford resigned this i>osition and entered service of the United States in the deutenant, Comirany I, Seventy-Ninth COLLIN FORD. factory at Akron, and later was the Financial Manager of the great Buckeye Mower and Reaper W’orks. When a stock company was formed in 1865, Mr. Crouse was first Secretary and Treasurer, and later its very able President. In 1870 he helped to form the Hank of Akron, and was a Director and Officer of that bank until 1890, when he became President of the City National Hank, and served as such until 1893. For a period he was proprietor of the Akron Beacon. Politically, Mr. Crouse is a faithful Republican. In 1872 he was elected County Commissioner; in 1885 he was elected in the State Senate, and in 1886 he was elected to Congress, from the Akron District. In civic affairs he has always taken a deep interest, and he has served as a member of the City Council and as President of the Board of Education, He is one of the Trustees of the Buchtel College, to whi(di institution the Crouse Gymnasium was one of his gifts. Mr. Crouse is inter- ested in many financial and industrial institutions of his home city. On the 18th of ( Ictober, 1859, he was married to Martha K. Parsons. Four daughters and one son were born to them. The family home is located at 263 East Mill Street, Akron, Ohio. William M. Ilahn, ( )f Mansfield, ()hio, one of the best known Republicans of the state, was born in Cumberland County, PennsyK’ania, and comes of sturdy Pcnnsyh'ania Dutch ancestry. Wdiile he was still an infant, his jtarents moved to Ohio, where he has resided ever since. At the outbreak of the C'ivil War, in 1861, Mr. Hahn, although but a mere child, volunteered services which were accepted. His wish to go to the ranks xvas not granted, as he was too young, and he was obliged to be content with the position of drummer boy. After receix ing his honorable discharge, Mr. Hahn returned home and Ixegan to learn the carpenter’s trade, in which he worked for a time, and then entered the iirsurance business, in xx'hich he is still engaged with marked success. Mr. Hahn has always been a stalwart Republican, and he has serx'ed his jxarty in many capacities. He was Chairman of the Republican State Executive Committee and directed the campaign xxdien Major McKinley made his first canx^ass for Governor. In 1902 he was a member of the Republican National Committee and Chairman of the Speaker’s Bureau, and filled the same position at the Chicago headquarters during the campaign of 1896. He xxais Deputy United States Marshal of the Northern District of Ohio; a member of the Board ol Public Works of Ohio, and Superintendent of Insurance under Governor McKinley. Mr. Hahn was married to Miss Rose Hiltabiddle, of M.msfield. They lixe on their splendid farm just outsirle of Mansfield, Ohio. Irving S. Hoffmann, \’ice-President and General Manager of The Ohio State Life Insurance Company, Columbus, Ohio, of which he Is one of the organizers, was born on the 23rd of February, 1871, at Dayton, Ohio. His father, John Louis Hoffmann, a carpenter, was a native of Ger- m.mx', xvhlle his mother, Helen F. Lloffinann xvas born in Ohio. Mr. Irx ing S. Hoffmann’s father and grandfather xxdth their families, lelt Ciermany in 1848, and came to the nexv xx'orld, settling in Columbus. The grandfather had taken part in the German Rex’olu- lion of 1848, and, In order to save his life or liberty had to leax^e the old country. He was a graduate of Heidelberg. In Columbus Ih- became a notary and abstractor of titles and also filled the position of Deputy County Recorder. Mr. I. S. Hoffmann was educated in (he (.'oluml>us juiblic schools. At the age of fourteen years he started in Inisiness life as an office boy in the Bell Telephone ser- x ice, XVI irking his xvay up to the position of Manager of the Delaware, Ohio, Canton, Ohio and Evanston, Ills, offices of that Company. In 1902 and 1903 he xvas General Manager of the Mansfield, Ohio Telephone Company. LIpon leaving the telephone business Mr. Hoffmann became engaged in the investment securities and life insurance business. Since Its inception, April 10th, 1906, Mr. Hoffmann is \4ce-President and General Manager of the Ohio State Life Insurance Company, Columbus, Ohio. He is a Republican THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1231 I S. HOFFMAN. - in politics. Socially, he is a Mason, Knight Templar and an Hlk. He was married to Miss May Carter, a daughter of Merchant Carter, of Mansfield, Ohio. Mr. Carter was Treasurer of Richland County and one of the successful stock and wholesale lumber dealers of Mansfield in his day. Mrs. Hoffmann’s mother was Elizabeth C. Gass, a descendant of Patrick Gass, who kept the log book of the Lewis and C'lark Expedition to Oregon. Both families were prominent in the early history of Ohio, the ('larks ha\'ing come from \’irginia and the Carters from PennsyKania. Mr. and Mrs. Hoffmann with their family of fi\’e daughters and one son, live at 278 South Ohio. They attend the Congregationalists Church. Mr. Hoffmann takes a great interest in Church atfairs as well as in those of the V. M. C. A. The (jffices of his company are located in the New Eirst National Bank Building, Columlnis, Ohkn Cyrus Hussey, 01 Toledo, Ohio, is one of the best known insurance men of Northwestern Ohio, and especially Toledo, in which city he has devoted himself to the business of fire insurance for many years, and has met with the most conspicuous success. Mr. Husse>' is a public-spirited man and always ready to assist a worthy enterprise. He is a member ol the ('irand Army Republic and of the Ohio C'ommandery Loyal Legion, ha\'ing enlisted in the Cnion .Army at the outbreak of the Civil War, ser\ lng with distinction throughout the struggle between the North and South. Mr. Hussey de^■otes all his energy to fire insurance. He is a married man and resides in a lovely residence district of Toledo. His insurance oftices are located at 1(H)8-1()10 Sj)itzer Building, that city. Charles E. Logan, General Agent of the Connecticut Alutual Life Insurance C'ompany, ranks among the foremost insurance men of C'incinnati. He was born on the 17th of March, 1850, in the (Jueen City, the .son of Adam .A. Logan, a Pennsyhanian by birth, and Airs. Mary Smith Logan, a native of Nova Scotia. The father, who H\ed to be ninet\'-seven years of age, wiis a pioneer of Cincinnati, in which cit\’ he resided for o\er eighty years. Air. Charles E. Logan received his education in the public schools of his native city. .At the age of fifteen years he started in liusiness life, in which he has been very successful. In early manhood he was engaged as contractor. Later he was connected with the Engineering Deixu'tment of the Queen & Crescent Railroad. In 1887 he entered the insurance busi- ness. For the jjast twenty-three years he has been the General .Agent of the Connec- ticut Alutual Life Insurance Company, with headquarters at 204-5-6 Johnston Building, Cincinnati. Politically, Air. Logan is a Rei^ublican. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic Fraternity in all of its branches, and at present is an officer in the Grand Com- mandcry, Knights Templar ot Ohio. He is Past Em. Commander of C incinnati C'om- mandery, K. L; Past Alaster of Walnut Hills Lodge, and ('hapter and Trustee, Scottish Rite. Mr. Logan has been married three times. His first wife died shortly after their marriage; his second wife died eight years after, neither lca\ ing any children. He was married again on the 31st of March, 1891, to C'lara I. Bolser. Se^•en children, Elmer, Alary, Belle, Roltert Ren, Gertrude, Richard, Eugene and Paul are the issue of their marriage. Air. Logan resides at 1530 Blair .\\enue, W’alnut Hills. C. F. LOG.AN. ]. M. SARVER. John Michael Sarver, Secretary of the Ohio State Life Instirance Compain', Columbus, ( )hio, was liorn on the 29th of No\ember, 18(i5, at Canton, Ohio, the .son of Alichael Sar\er, an attorney by profession, and Airs. Eliza .Anderson Sar\er, both nati\'es of Pennsyh'ania. In 1864 the parents came to Ohio, .settling in ('anton, where John AI. Sarver was born. Air. Sarver’s father was of German abstraction, while his mother was of Scotch- Irish ances- try. The family on both sides has been in this country' for main- generations. Air. Sar\-er recei\-ed his education in the C'anton public and high schools, and at the Ohio Northern l’ni\-ersity, .Ada, Ohio, graduating from the latter in 1888, with the degree of .A. B, He later recei^•ed the degree of .A. AL, from the same institution. .After leaving .Ada, Air. Sar\er took post graduate courses at varicnis Eastern Cniversities. When a young man. Air. Sar\cr entered the teaching profession, in which he was engaged for twenty years, eighteen years of which he filled the positions of teacher in district schools, as Principal of the Canton Elementary and High Schools, and as Sujrerintendent ot the Canton public schools. He now holds the office of Secretar\- of the Ohio State Life Insurance Company, C olumbus, ()hio, of which company he is one of the founders. He also is Director of Fhe C itizens Building and Loan C'ompany, ('anton, Ohio, and was formerly Director of The Imperial W'all Paper C'ompany, Glens Falls. New \ ork. In politics, he is a Democrat. Socialh', he is a member of the Alasonic Fraternity, an I. O. O. F. and K. of P. His religious affiliation is with the Lutheran C hurc h. In 1907, Air. Sar\er was married to Alis'- Kate Elizabeth Har\ e\'. They reside at 301 Linwood .A\enuc, Columbus, Ohio. Louis E. Sisler, .National Secretary and Treasurer of the Knights of the Alaccabees of the W’orld, one of the largest traternal insurance companies of the United States, with a membership of 300,000; three hundred and fifty millions of dollars of insurance in force, and a surplus of eight million dollars, was l)orn on the 8th of .April, 1860, at Alanchester, (Ohio. His father, .Adam Sisler, was a physician and a 1232 THE BOOK OF OHIO. n;iti\ e of Xew York Slate, while his mother, Amanda Sisler, was bora in Pennsylvania. Mr. Sisler traces his ancestry hack to Germany. His great-grandfather came to America in 1775, was a distinguished educator and took part in the War of 1812. Mr. Sisler received his education at Smithville Academy; Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio, and at the .Northwestern ( )hio Normal University, at Ada. Later he attended the Cleveland Med- ical College and the Long Island College Hosi)ital. Lie holds the degrees of A. B. and M. I). Or. Sisler began his professional career as physician and surgeon, continuing the same for a pericxl of fifteen years, when he entered the banking business, in which he re- mained for six years, when he was elected to his present position. Dr. Sisler is also con- nected with many industrial and commercial enterprises. He is Secretary and Treasurer of The h'irestone Tire tN Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio, and a member of the Board of Directors of the same comi^any. He is President and a member of the Board of Direc- tors of 'File ( )hio Rublier Culture Company, Canton, Ohio, and President of the Acme Dupliciitor Mfg. Co., Detroit, Michigan. Dr. Sisler has ahvays been a staunch Repub- lican and has rendered his party and the people in general valuable services. He was elected .Auditor of Summit Coitnty, Ohio, in 1890, and was re-elected in 1899, serving six >’cars in that ofhee. He also was elected a Delegate to the National Republican Con\'cntion, held at Chicago, which nominated President Roosevelt for the Presidency, representing the old Nineteenth Ohio district, made famous by Giddings, Wade and Gar- field. During President Harrison’s administration, Dr. Sisler was a member of the United States Pension Board for a ])ericd of four years. Socially, he is a 32nd degree Mason; a member of the K. of P.; of the Independent Order of Foresters; B. P. O. E. .American Insurance Union; ('ourt of Honor; I. O. O. F. and Maccabees of the World, ln'ing .N'.itional Secretarx' and Treasurer of the last named society. In 1881, Air. Sisler was married to Miss Metta Miller. The wife dic'd in 1S92, leax ing txxo children, Dremond M. and John R. Sisler. I n 1897, 1 )r. Sisler was married a second time, his wife’s maiden name' bc'ing F.xa M. I'illon. Txx'o childrc'n, Lois Carol and William Tilton Sisler haxm been the fruit of their union. The family reside at 32 .Mc'xandria .Ax<'niu', Dc'lroil, Mich., xxhile his offices are located at 1021 W’ocxlxvard Ax'enue, Detroit. Horace Lindley Spice, .\ |)rominenl insunincc' man of Detroit, Mich., xxas born on the 27th of May, 1851, in Alansfield, Ohio, the son of Felix N. V. and Sarah 11. I.indlex- Sicice, natixes of ( )hio. Hc' receixx'd his education in the j)nhlic and high schools of Alansfield and Columbus, until he was fourtc'cn xc'iirs of ;ige, xxhc'ii lu' lu'gan his actix’e business career as a clerk in the emicloy of the Little Aliami Railxx'ay, at Columbus. He aflc'rxvards became clc'fk of the' last freight lines of the Erie Railroad, at Cleveland, and, in 1872 he entered the serxdce of the Canton Sugar Refinery, ;it Baltimore', Abb, as Chief .Accountant and Conhdential Alan, xvhich position he held until 1880, when he c'lnbarkc'd in the lire instirance business at Baltimore, conducting an agency in that city until 1890, in which year he removed to Clin- ton, loxxa. Foitr xears later, in 1S‘,)4, Air. S])ice bectime connected xvith the German Fire Insurance Company, and, in 1896, he was translerrc'd to DesMoines, la. Since 1902 he has been State Agent and xAdjuster of that company, with headejuarters at Detroit, Mich. Mr. S|)ici' is a prominent member of the Ohio Society of Detniit, in xvhich organization he has held responsible positions. Boliticallx', lu' is a mc'inber of the Rei)ublican ]iartx’. Socially, he is a Alason and an Elk. He resides at 123 Delaware Avenue, while his place of biisine.ss is located in the Chambei of Commerce Building, Detroit, Alich. Clvarles L. A ieman, .\ iirominent insurance man of Detroit, Alichigan, was Ijorn on the 29th of September, 1857, at 1 larrisburg, Ohio, the .son ot Charles and Catharine Miller Vieman. He receixmd his education in the jiublic schools of his home county, after which he taught school in Bickaxvax' and Franklin Counties, from 1875 until 1878, when he became a salesman in one of the letiding drx’ goods houses at Columlxus, Ohio. In 1886 he entered the insur- ance business as Solicitor tor the Alutual Life Insurance Company. In January, 1888, he left that com])anx-, accepting a ])osition as Special Agent for Ohio and West Virginia with the John Hancock Alutual Life Insurance C'onutany, and in June, 1891, was placed in charge of the Alichigan Agencx’ of that C'ompany as State Agent, with headquarters at Detroit, and is one of the prominently successful insurance men of the state. His oltic('s arc' located on the 12th flooi ol the Chamlier of Commerce Building. He has bcc'ii actixelx' identified xvith the Detroit Life Underxvriters’ xAssociation since its organ- ization. serx ing as its President, A’ice-President, member of Executix-e Board and Dele- g;ite to a numbc'r of the annual conx-entions of the National Association of Life Under- writcTs. Socially, Mr. A'iernan is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, of which he is 'ear 1881 he accepted a position in the accounting department of the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. C'o., at Baltimore, Md., which marked the beginning of his railroad career. In the year 1883 he became chief clerk to the Auditor of the Pitts- burg and Western R. R. Co., at Pittsburg, Pa., and in the following year was appointed .Auditor of the Pittsburg, Cleveland and Toledo R. R. C'o., at Ahiungstown, Ohio. In 188() he came to Cincinnati as Assistant Auditor of the C'incinnati, Washington and Baltimore R. R. Co., and on the reorganization of that Company, under the name of the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern R. R. Co., he became the Auditor of the same. W'hen this Coinj^any was merged with the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad Co., in 1893, Mr. 'Fhomas was appointed Auditor of the consolidated company, and he hlled this im- portant position until the accounting department of that company was taken over by the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Co., in the latter part of 1900. Mr. Thomas then entered the Public Accotmting business, with offices at 1107 and 1108 Union Trust Building, ('incinnati, ( )hio. Since entering this field he has been engaged in making examinations of the financial conditions of various railroad companies, one of them being the Cin- cinnati, Hamilton and Dayton, during the Receivership of Hon. Judson Harmon. Mr. Thomas is a member of the Ohio State Society of Public Accountants, and of the National tiu' ])resent time (1910) he is Vice-President of the former Association, and when with the Comi)ain’ he was Vice-President of the American Association of Railway Accountants. In ennie M. Crace, of Marylaitd. I'rank E. \\ ebner, ,\ prominent Certified Public .Accountant of Cincinnati, Ohio, wais born on the 9th of Oecember, USOa, in Chicago, Illinois, the .son of John Theodore W'ebner and Mary A. CeperK' Webiu'r, natix'cs of Pennsyb'ania and Illinois, respectic'ely. His ancestors were- principalh- farmers. Mr. Webner is a descendant of ('aptain John Parker, who was in command of the minute men “who fired the shot that rang round the world,” at Lex- ington, Mass., at the outbreak of the Rewolutionary War. Mr. Webner received his educiition in the Chictigo Public Schools and at Kwinston, Illinois High School, graduating from the latter in 18S2. Also a cottr.se in Mechanical Sttidies in Armour Instititte. He holds the degree of Certifu'd Pitblic Accountant from the University of Illinois. Pie sttirtcd in itnblic life at the age of eighteen c'ears in the accounting department of the C. R X. W. R\’. Co., ('hictigo. In 1887 he went to Montana and carried the United Stati's M.iil on a “Pon>- Express” route oit the Musselshell River for four years. He tlu-n returned to Chicago tuid became AssistatU Paymaster of the ('. & N. W. Ry. Co. (on a Iraxeling pa\' car). Ottring the Chicago World’s Pair, Mr. Webner very success- full\' condttcled a grou]) of n'staurants. I'or nearly twenty years he has been connected with tlu' jntblic accounting profession. He is President of The American Mechanical Calcitlator Com])an>-, a company organized for building mechanical accounting devices. 1 h' is the incc-ntor of an aittoinatic wage calculator and of an aittomatic gas, water and electric tncter I'alcitlator. Mr. Webner has freqtiently contribitted to trade papers. He is the aitthor of “Recorditig of Production Costs” (Iron Trade Re\'iew) ; “Cost of Production” t Enginec-ring), and “The Machine Hoitr” (Inditsrrial Engineering), and F. E. webner. also a mtinual on Proditction Costs in book form. For a period of si.xtecn years he served in the field music' of the I'irst Illinois Infantry, and saw much active scrxice, his first service Iteing at the time of the Haymarket riot^ in Chicago, and later the Pullman strike and the great railroad strike. Mr. W’ebner was married to Miss Mary Rachel Simp- son. Three sons, Harold 'Pheodore, Williatn Cordon and Norman ( )nsley (deceased) were born to them. The family attend the Walnut Hills Congregational Church, Cincinnati, ()hio. Mr. Welmer resides at 2134 Cameron Ax'enue, Xharwood, Ohio. His offices an; located in the I'irst National Bank Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. L. P. II. .Austin, Of 4'oledo, Ohio, was born on the 2(ith of February, 18.79, at Dresden, Ohio, the son of Or. O. A. Austin, and Bethany Austin, both natixc's of the Buckeye State. His father’s ancestors were Quakers and of English-Scotch extraction, while his mother’s people were Methodists and of Cerman and Sxvedish origin. Mr. Austin was educated in the common schools, at Harcourt Academy and at Ken- yon College. .At the age of twenty-one years he started in public life as a teacher, remaining in school work for fourteen years. He then embarked in the newspaper business, running a Republican XTwspaper, “The Lincoln Daily Call,” at Lincoln, Nebraska, in 189(). It was the only out and out gold standard newspaper west of the Alissouri River, and at that time he was publicly compli- mented b>- McKinley, Hanna, Thurston and local party organizations for his splendid service. Senator Austin was a member of the Oklahoma Mercantile Co., when that territory was opened for settlement. Later he returned to Ohio, taking his residence in Toledo and entering the insurance Inisiness. He now is connected with the National Mausoleum Company. Senator Austin is an anthor of note. He has written a number of short stories and is a contributor to various magazines and scientific journals. He is the originator of a Departmental system in the high schools of the country. Department of Science, History, Adathematics, Liter- ature, etc., and the arrangement of studies according to their relative culture value. In politics. Senator Austin is a Republican to the core, “btit opitosed to gag, gang and ring rule, anywhere, everywhere and for all time.” He was nominated for the Senate in l‘U)3, and elected by the largest majority given to any candidate eh'cted from the Thirty-Third or Lucas County District. He was defeated at the nexxt election, because he led in a losing fight for a ticket, which was doomed to defeat from the beginning. While a THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1237 member of the Senate, Mr. Austin became conspicuous for his activity in the shaping of legislation. He always fought in the interests of the people. He was a member of the following standing committees: Uni\'ersities and Colleges; Railroads and Telegraph; Cities; Insurance, and public and common schools. He introduced and passed the following laws: Jmenile Court Law in Ohio: Women on Librar}' Boards; care of Soldiers’ Monuments and Memorials; Paroles to Boys and Girls in Industrial Schools; promotion from Reformatories, when advisable, and other improvements in discipline. He led the fight In the Senate to hold all elections on one day, and to pass the present election law, known as the unpopular “Chapman Bill,’’ but which became a very popular and economic law. He met Rev. Gladden in a public debate, and other prominent opponents to the bill. He was the author of the movement and passed a resolution authorizing an appropriation of ,?2o,000 for a monument at Fort Meigs (see page 48(5, first volume of this work). When a boy, six years of age, he had the pleasure of moulding two tubs full of bullets, to be used to stop Morgan’s raid into Ohio. What might have happened if Morgan had not changed his line of march nobody knows. Senator Austin has been married tw'ice and is now living with his second wife. He is ^•ery liberal in his religious views, but is not agnostic, having inherited a peculiar mixture of the Quaker, Methodist and Baptist faith, and not being able to relinquish either, he clings to the forms of the Episcopal Church, because of its kindly offices and consolations during his college career at Kenyon. The Senator resides at Chicago, 111. William G. Beatty, Member of the House of Representatives of the Ohio Legislature, ranks among the best known Democrats of Cincinnati. He was born on the 21st of August, 1871, at Mechanics- burg, Ohio, and is the son of Allies and Virginia Beatty, both natives of (Ohio. He is the descendant of a long-living family, his grandmother having died at the ripe old age of one hundred and five years. Mr. Beatty obtained his education at the public schools of Catawba and South Charleston, Ohio, after which he attended Newport, Kentucky, High School for one year. L"pon leaving school at the age of sixteen years, Mr. Beatty became connected with the business of designing ladies’ goods. In which he is still engaged. Mr. Beatty is a prominent secret society man, being a member of the Eagles and of the I. O. O. F. In 1901-1902 he was District Deputy of the I. O. O. E., and, in 1909 he was elected President of the Cincinnati Aerie No. 142, F. O. E. In politics, Mr. Beatty is a faithful Democrat, having ser\-ed his party in many capacities. He was a Delegate to numerous County and State Conventions, and, in 1908, was Secretary of the First and Second Congressional Districts. At the November election of 1910, Mr. Beatty was elccterl a member of the House of Representatives of the Se\’enty-Ninth Ohio Gen- eral Assembly. Philip Burgess, Consulting Civil Engineer of Columbus, Ohio, and member of the well known firm of Burgess, Kimberly & Long, of that city, was born on the 1st of December, 1876, at New- tonville. Mass., the son of Chas. A. Burgess, an accountant, and Adelaide Kimball Bur- gess, both natives of Massachusetts. He received his education at the public schools; at Newton High School, and at the AlassacHusetts Institute of Technology’, from which latter institution he graduated In 1899, with the degree of Bachelor of Science. At the age of twenty-two he started upon his professional carrer as Assistant Ci\ il Engineer with C. W. Leavitt, New York City. Since then he has followed his profession with marked success, and as above stated he now is a member of the engineering firm of Bur- gess, Kimberly & Long, which was founded in July, 1909. The firm is engaged in the solution of important problems relating especially to the installation of water and sewage purification plants, to the elimination of waste from streams, to the reco\ery of indus- trial by-products, etc. The firm has also de\’eloped a considerable business along general analytical work in their laboratory which is connected with the offices In Columbus. In 1906, Mr. Burgess filled the office of Special Assistant Engineer of The Ohio State Board of Health. He is the author of a special report of Water Purification Plants of Ohio for the State Board of Health. In politics, Mr. Burgess is a Republican. Socially,- he is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers; of the American Public Health Association, and of the Ohio Engineering Society. Albert Elliott Kimberly, Consulting Sanitary Engineer of the firm of Burgess, Kimberly & Long, is a natixe oi New Haven, Connecticut, born on the 28th of July, 1875. His parents, E. Elliott Kim- berly and Eleanor Bucknall Kimberly, were also born in that state. Mr. A. E. Kimberly receix’ed his education at the Roxbury Latin School, and at the Massachusetts Tech- nological Institute, graduating from the latter in 1897 with the degree of S. B. Epon leax'ing college he entered upon the duties of his chosen profession. He has filled positions at the Experiment Station of the Massachusetts State Board of Health, Lawrence, Mass.; at the Columbus Sewage Testing Station, and as Assistant Engineer of the (Ohio State Board of Health. His political affiliation is with the Republican party. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic Fraternity; of the Boston Society of Cixil Engineers; the En- gineers’ Society of Western Pennsylvania; the American Public Health Association; the American Canoe Association, and of the Ohio Engineering Society. H^= is the author of a Special Report of the Ohio State Board of Health (1908); of a paper on Water Softening and Sewage Purification Works in Ohio (1906-1907); a Preliminary Report on Investigation of the Ohio Rix’cr, for the Ohio River Sanitary Commission of Ohio (1909). On the 19th of November, 1908, he was married to Miss Helen B. Price. He resides at 621 East Rich Street, Columbus, Ohio. Charles Ford Long, The third member ot the firm of Burgess, Kimberly & Long, is a natix’e Buckeye. He first saw the light of day on the 10th ot January, 1880, at Jackson, Ohio, and is the son of Stephan J. and Emily Ford Long, natives of Ohio and Wrmont, respectively. Mr. Long was educated at the Miami Liniversity, Oxford, Ohio, and at the Ohio State University, Columbus, graduating from PHIL. BURGESS. W. G. BE.XlTTY. 1238 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Mi.imi in 1!K)3, and from ( )hio State- in li)()7. Ik- holds tlic degree of A. B. and M. A. When twenty-seven years of age, he started in professional life, in tin- rai)arit\- of (hcinist in the ( )hio State Iletdth Department. He also tilled the positions of Chemist uith the ( '.IoIh- Iron Compaiu', jaekson, ( )hio, and iis Instructor at the Ohio State University. He has written several notes on clu-mistr>-. In jKilitics, he is a staunch l)elic\-er in Repuhlictm i)rincii)les. He is a member of the Masonic order; of the Beta Theta I’i College I- niternit v, and of the .\merican Chemic.d Society On the 3(»th (jf March, IlUO, he was married to Miss Mary Lees Shel- don, Mr. Long resides at l.’fUO Last Long Stri-i.-l, Cohiml >its, ( )hio. 'I'hc- offices of the linn of Bttrgess, Kimberly cK: Long are locati-d at N2S ( 'olmnbits Sa\ ings A Li tist Ikiilding, Cohimbus, Ohio. Ale.xander Campbell Caine, I )isbtirsing Clerk in the DeptirtmeiU of jitstice at Washington, 1). ('., was born on the (Ith of December, LS4i), at Somerset, I’erry County, Ohio, the son of Isaiah Caine and C.iroline C;un|)lK-ll. 'Lhe father was a merchant tailor and both ])arents were natives of Ohio. Mr. A. C. Caitie was educated in the public schools of Somerset. When onh' tweh'e years of age he left school to join the Thirty-First Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was with that regiment from Sc-pteml )er, IStil itntil Augitst, 18(32, when he joined the .Xiiietieth ()hio X'olunteer Infantry-. With this regiment he remaitied until October, 1S()4. ( )n accoitiU of his \'oiith he was itnable t(j l)e mttstered into active service. Mr. ('.line has always been an acti\’e working Republican and he has served his party and llu- ])eo])le in maii\’ capacities. In LS77 he was elected ('lerk of the village of Somer.set. Niue years later, in 18(8(1, he was a])])ointed ('lerk in the office of the Adjutant General of Ohio, and, in bSSS, he became Land Commissioner ot Ohio. Being re-appointed to the same iiosition in 181)1, he .ser\ c-d in that caiiacity until the 1st of January, 181)2, when he was elected Si-cretary of tin- ()hio State Senate. He filled this office so well that he was n--elected to tin- same ])osition for two succeeding terms. In F'ebruary, 1808, Prccsident M.-Kitiley ap|)ointed Mr. ('aine Kxaminer In the Department of Justice, and in June, 11)02, he was transferred to his present position of Disbursing Clerk in the same depart- ment. Socially, Mr. ('aine is a member of Magnolia Lodge No. 10, ('olumbhs, Ohio; 'Lemiilar ('hapter No. ba.'); Mt. Vernon C'ommandery No. 1, Columbus, Ohio, and of lhe Alladin 4'emple (Shriner) of the same city. On the 2;)th of June, 181)0, he was mar- ried to Miss Julia Smithington, only daughter of Col. Louis Smithington, of Cleveland, ()hio. ( )ne son, Lauiis Smithington C'alne, is the issue of their union. Mr. Caine resides .0 l')28 4' Stn-et, .\. W., Washington, 1). C. .\ndrew Lintner Harris, W.is born in Butler County, ( )hio, Noxember 17(h, 1.837), and was reared on a farm in I )ixon Township, Brelile ('ounty. His grand- f. ither, Joseph 1 Lirris, was a natixe ot lhe Lnierald Isle, and in 1707 crossed the Atlantic to America, taking up his abode in Ciimin- nati. Soon after the close of the War of 1812, he remox'ed to Butler County, Ohio. His son Benjamin, the father of our subject, w.is born in ('incinnati, M.irch 3rd, 1803, and was married on the 3rd of Aixrll, 1821), to Miss Nancy Lintner, of Butler County. He made farming his life xxork, and was oni- of the int -lligent, progressixe, iiroininent and useful citizens of the community. Governor I Lirris spent his earlx’ boyhood daxs u|)on the house farm, and through the summer months assisted in the work of the field and the meadow, .md in the winte'- season he ])ursued his studies in the district school. His early educational prix ileges, hoxx’ex’er, were suj)- |)lement ‘d by a course in Miami 1 nix-ersity, from xxhich institution he graduated in.lShO. In the fall of the same year he took u]) the siudx' of I.ixx', pursuing his reading under the direction of his uncle, Joel W. Harris. Liardly had the smoke from Fort Sumpter cleared awax', w hen, on the Kith of .\[)ril, 18()1, Mr. I Lirris “donned the blue,” becoming a member of Company (', Txventieth Ohio Volun- teei- Inl.intrx’, lor three months. Before going to the front he xvas made Second Lieutenant of his com|)any, and the tollow'ing August w.is mustered oul xx ith the rank ot ('aptain. In ( )ctober of the same year he recruited ( ompany C' of the Sex'enty Fifth (Jhio Infan- trx’, and xx'.is commissioned its Cajitain on the Dth of Nox'ember, ISbl. At the battle of McDow'ell, West Virginia, he w-as seriously wounded. Later he ii.irliciiiated in .ill the battles in xxdiich his regiment xvas engaged, except Cross Keys. In the second battle of Bull Run, in an assault by the enemy on Bold Hill, txvo color bearers were killed and all the color guards xx'ounded or disaliled. Cabt.iiu 1 Lirris took the Ikig trom the falling color brax’es and carried it until the assault of the enemy xvas repulsed. On the 12th of J.inu.irx', 18(13, he xvas promoted to Major, and at Chancellorsxille, A'a., on the 2nd of May, 18(33, the Colonel of his regiment, Rolierl Riley, xx'.is mort.illy xxoundi-d and died the ne.xt day, and Major Harris xvas promoted to Colonel. ( )n the 1st of July, 18(33, .it the battle ot ( .et tysbttrg, B.i., he xvas assigned to the command of his brigade. His lommand was under a hot fire tor three days, .md was the first to etiter the xill.igi- after the battle. His Brigade lost bravely atid C'olonel Harris wais sex'erely woittided, but kept the field until the b.ittle xx'as ox'er. ( )ii the L8th of August, 18(13, this ( )hio brigade was placed in the trenches on Morris' Island, South ('aroliu.i, .md there rx-iu. lined until the fall of Forts Wax'ne and Gregg, on the morning of the 7th of Seiitember. On the night of the llth, ( oloiu-1 Harris, xxith nine lumdri-d selected men xvas detailed to make the assault on Fort Wayne, on the sea front, with instruc- tions to mox'e .igaiiisi the tort at d.ix break; but the enemy observing the operations abandoned the fort. In February following, his brig.ide w.is sent to J .icksonx ille, Morida, xvheri- his regiment xvas mounted, doing cavalry service from that time until its muster out. In Max', 18114, ( oloiiel H.irris, xx ilh his regiment, xvas sent to the headxvaters of the St. John and Kessinee Rix'ers, w'here they destroyed .1 l.irge .imoiint of cotton and other Confederate stores; also capturing about three thousand head of buffalo cattle, xvithout the loss "I .1 m.in. ( >11 the 14th of .August, 18(14, Colonel Harris xvas imprudently sent, liy General Hatch, on an e.xpedition to the rear of the eiiemx' xvilh oiilx' about two hundred cax’alry. He obeyed orders and took a fexv prisoners, destroyed considerable amount of cotton, but XV. is met by .i l.irge force of the enemx' and xvas comiielled to ride night and day to axoid capture. On the morning of the 17th, he h.ilted .It ( laiiisx'ilk', Morid.i lor .i brief ri-st, supposing himself to be temixorarily secure, but was soon attacked by about fourteen hundred men. As retreat xvas out of the c|uestion he either had to cut his xvay out or surrender. The odds xx'ere seven to one, l)ut, de-'perate .i'. the .ittempt xv.is, he succeeded in getting axvay xxith txvo-thirds of his little band. Colonel Harris xvas a brax^e, fearless and g. ill. ml officer. He took exerx' iirecaution to saxe his men, yet xvhen duty called he never faltered, and again and again his command was in the thickest of the fight xvhen his oxvn xalor and daring encouraged and ins])ired his folloxvers. He xvas mustered out of the serx'ice .is ( olonel ot the Sex-enty-Hfth ( )hio, on the 1.5th day of January, 18(1.5, and on the I3th of Vlarch, followdng, xvas breveteil Brig. idler ( .eiier.il lor ex'.'elleiit and meritorious conduct during the xvar. At the close of the xvar, Colonel Llarris returned to the f.irm in I’n-ble ( oimtx , but the xvotmds he had receix'ed disabled him from jierforming manual labor, and he continued iiceparlng THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1239 for the bar and was admitted to practice by the District Court of Preble County in 1865. He continued an active member of the loyal profession until 1875, and was a leading member of the Preble County Bar. In 1865 he was elected to the State Senate, repre- senting Preble and Montgomert^ Counties in the Fifty-Seventh General Assembly. Later he served in the House of Representatives in the Sixty-Seventh and Sixty-Eighth General xAssemblies. He continued his law practice in partnership with the Hon. Robert Miller, until January, 1876, when having been elected Probate Judge of Preble County, in October, 1875, the partnership was dissolved, that he might enter upon his judicial duties. In 1878 he was re-elected. In 1891 he became the choice of the Republican Conven- tion for the office of Lieutenant Governor on the ticket with William McKinley. He was re-elected in 1893. He has gi\-en much attention to the labor conditions and probably in the country there are few men better informed on industrial conditions than Mr. Harris. This fact was recognized l)y President McKinley who in 1898, appointed him one of the members of the National Industrial Commission, with headquarters at Washington, D. C. This Commission was composed of h\’e Senators and hve Representatives and nine members appointed by the President at large. This body was organized after the plan of the British Royal Commission and instituted inquiries in regard to immigration, agriculture, transportation, labor and general Imsiness. In 1905 he was nominated and elected Liehtenant Go\’crnor a third time, while John M. Pattison, a Democrat was elected Governor. In June, after his inauguration. Governor Pattison died, and Mr. Harris became his successor as the chief executive of the state. The salient points of his official services have become matters of history. It is well known that his political opponents ha\'e condemned little in his work as Legislator and Governor, while his course has won the strong endcjrsement of those who agreed with him in matters of political principle and policy. In his position as Lieutenant Governor of the State, presiding over the sessions of the Senate, he proved himself a good parliamentarian, and in all of his life he has shown himself to be a worker, his moments of leisure being few. While the results of his labors have been for nothing, and in a large measure beneheial to the general puldic. On the 17th of October, 1865, Governor Harris was married to Miss Caroline Conyer, and their only son, Walter C. Harris, is now a prominent artist in New Wmk. Retaining his interest in military affairs, Go\'ernor Harris holds membership in the Grand Army of the Republic; the Union V'eteran Legion and the Loyal Legion. Governor Harris is the owner of aI)out five hundred acres of valuable farm land in Preble County, and since his retirement from office he is [)utting in his time in superintending its cul- tivature. Thomas .1. Hartley, Of Columbus, Ohio, was born on the 13th of December, 1869, at Columbus, Ohio, the son of Edward Hartley, a retired grocer. The parents of Mr. Thomas J. Hartley are of Irish birth and emigrated to the United States about sixty-five years ago. Mr. Thomas J. Hartley obtained his education in the Catholic schools of his native city. He started in business life at the age of fifteen years, becom- ing connected with the general merchandise business, in which he has continued ever since. He now makes a specialty of buying and selling stocks of merchandise and loaning money on such stocks. He also is a stockholder in a number of industrial and mercantile enterprises. His political affiliation is with the Democratic party, which he has served in many capacities. He was a Delegate to C’ity, County and State Con\-entions, and was a member of the Executive Board of the National League of American Municipalities. For a period of four years he was a member of the City Council of Columbus, Ohio. In 1909 he was mentioned in connection with the nomination for the Columbus Mayoralty. Mr. Hartley was married to Miss May Heinz, in 1896. One daughter was born to them. The family attend the Roman Catholic Church. They reside at 897 Oakwood Avenue, Columbus, Ohio. Mr. Hartley’s offices are located at 165J4 North High Street, that city-. T. H, B. Jones, Warden of the Ohio State Penitentiary, Columbus, Ohio, ranks among the best known and most influential Democrats of Southern Ohio. He is a resident of fronton, Ohio, in which city he is interested in many business enterprises. He has been a faithful Democrat all his mature life and has rendered his party many valuable services, as a Delegate to State and County Conventions as well as in the party councils. The Democrats of the Tenth Congressional District honored him by the nomination for Congress. Owing to the fact that the District is strongly Republican, Colonel Jones was defeated. After the election of Governor Harmon, Mr. Jones was appointed Warden of the State Penitentiary, Columbus, Ohio. William Taylor McClure, A prominent lawyer of Columbus, Ohio, is a native of Ross County, Ohio. His father, Martin McClure, was also born in Ross County, while his mother, Nancy Duncan McClure, came from Highland County, near Greenfield, Ohio. He is of Scotch and Scotch Irish descent, the McClures’ coming from the North of Ireland and the Duncans’ from Scotland to Pennsylvania. The parents are both living at Hillsboro, at the ripe old age of seventy-eight years. Mr. McClure’s great grandfather came with his family from York County, Pa., to Ross County, about the year 1800, when the state was still in its infancy. He first settled on the Scioto Ri\-er, at or near where the village of Yellow Bud now stands, but soon afterwards, on account of the fever and ague, removed to the high lands of Paint Creek in Ross County. Mr. McClure’s maternal grandfather, Robert Duncan, came on horseback from York, County, Pa., in 1805, to the farm south of Greenfield, Ohio, owned by him at his death. It is now owned by his grandson John M'. Duncan. Mr. William T. McClure was educated at the South Salem Academy and the schools of Hillsboro, Ohio. He also took private instructions in Latin and Greek from Prof. Lewis McKibben, Hillsboro, Ohio. He has also given considerable study to the French language and literature. At the age of nineteen years, Mr. McClure started in public life as teacher in the common schools of Ohio, remaining in that profession for a period of three years. He then took up the study of law, was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of Ohio, and took up the practice of his chosen profession at Columbus. In politics, Mr. McClure is a Republican. He is a “son of the American Revolution’’ (tho’ not formally admitted to the organization) through his ancestor, William Ta\'lor, after whom he was. named, who is buried at Bainbridge, Ohio. Mr. McClure was united In marriage with Miss Ada Bailey, of Columbus, Ohio. Two children were born to them, Margaret McClure, aged twenty years, and Fsabel McClure, twelve years of age. The family attend the Presbyterian Church. Mr. McClure resides at 26 South Garfield Avenue, ('olumbus, Ohio. His law offices are located at the Hayden Building, that city. Otto Stanley Marckworth, Of Columbhs, Ohio, Analytical Chemist, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineer, and State Chemist, connected with the Ohio Dairy and Food Commission, was born on the 30th of December, 1879, at Clifton, the most beautiful suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. His father, Hermann Marckworth, was one of the leading lawyers of Cincinnati. He was a native of Germany and had emigrated to the United States about the year 1850, settling in the Queen City of the West. Mr. Marckworth’s mother, Marie Hotter Marckworth, was also born in the fatherland, coming to the United States about 1869. Mr. Hermann Marckworth was very widely known as 1240 THE BOOK OF OHIO. ( 'ounseller at I,a\v, German, Knglish and American. He initiated the busine.ss of the collection of foreign estates for emigrants and became \'ery successful in his profession. Mr. Olto S. Marckworth was educated at W’oodward and Walnut Hills High Schools, Cincinnati, Ohio, and Ohio State University, graduating from the latter in 1901, receiv- ing the degree of Bachelor of Science (Chemistry). After his graduation he became engaged in his profession at Columbus, Ohio. He is the inventor of various chemical l)rocesses and the author of a number of chemical papers. In 1903, Mr. Marckworth was appointed State C'hemist by Horace Ankeny, State Dairy and Food Commissioner, ' Klizabeth Wheldon, of Springfield, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Marckworth attend the First Congregational Church at Columbus. Their residence is located at 92 Linwood A\cnue, Cedumbus, Ohio. Luther C. Rhea, ( )f Columbus, Ohio, the originator of many \ aluable inventiems, wns born September 5th, 1S81, at Albany, New 5’ork, and is the son of John Rhea and Josephine Phillipps Rhea. The father was a Methodist minister and of French extraction. The parents died when their son was but a few years old, and he was raised by relatives. Mr. Rhea’s education was obtained by his own irersistent efforts. At the age of seventeen years he was grad- uated in Oste’ important and \alttable inventiems. He iru’ented and patented the hrst coal mining saws e\’er ptit in operatiott; an electric storage batteiwy ;in electrical wall plate; a germ constttner for hospitals; also a wire- k'ss ek'clric.il heating pad and jack(.'t, ;md a watt'r filter for city pressure service. His tnost recent invention is a spherical steam gen- erator withoitt tithes or coils, which w;is p.itented July 5th, 1910. This (kwice has been thoroughly tested by experts in the En- ginec'ring De|);irt meiit ol the United Slates < 'io\-ernment, and Mr. Rhea has in his possession official correspondence in which this iinenlion is declared to la- the most ])raclical and i)owerful dcwice of its kind. Mr. Rhea resides at 255 East Broad Street, Colum- O. S. M.ARCKWORIH. bus, ()hio. William S. Seabury, .\ prominent broker of Columbus, Ohio, with offices in the Columbia Building, fOhjdz •North High Street, was born on the 2(ith of April, 1808, at Peoria, Ills., the son of Sam. Seabury, a manufacturer, and Isabella Woodward Seabury, natives of Illinois and Ohio, respectively. The family has been in this country for generations. Mr. W. S. Seabury's great grandfather was the hrst Episcopalian Bishop in the United States. Mr. Sam Seabury, \\b S. Seabury’s father, w-as a veteran of the Cixil War. Mr. W. S. Seabury obtained his education in the Peoria common and high schools, and at Princeton College. At the age of sixteen years ha started in business life, becoming associated with his father’s manufacturing establishment in which he continued until 1900. Coming to Columbus, Ohio, he embarked in the Irrokerage business, making brokerage of insurance his specialty. In politics, Mr. Seabuiy is a Republican, but never held any office. On the 31st of December, 1885, Mr. Seabury was married to Miss Ruth Cantelo. One son was born to them. The family reside at 795 Mill Avenue, Columbus, Ohi(j. .lames Ross, .\ iiromiiU'Ul real estate man ol Columbus, ()hio, with offices in the Harrison Building, w.is b(.rn on the lOth ol JuK', 1802, at Rextioldsburg, Eranklin County, Ohio. His pareTit^. Rrederick Ro^s and ('hristina Grossmtin Ross were natixes of Germany, hax’ing emigr;it(.(l to llu' 1 nited Stales in 1849. Mr. Jtimes Ross receix’ed his education in the common and high schooU and at a business college. He started in irublic life at the age of Ixventx’-two xa'ars a> a De|uilx- County Clerk of Eranklin County, Ohio, h'rom 1888 to 1892 he seiwed in tlu- c.ipacitx’ of Chief De])uty under Sheriff Brice \\. Custer, and in 1891, and again in 1893, he xxas elected Sherilt of Eranklin County, serxdng both terms to the t'lilire s.itislaction ol the people. In politie'--, Mr. Ross has alxx’ays been a faith- lul Democrat. S(K'iallx', he is a member of the Elks and of the K. of P. He is still a member in good standing ol tlu* Inlernationtil Brotherhood of C'onfirmed Bachelors. He rt'sides at the ( I real Southern Hotel, C'olumbus, ()hio. H SH.XXX’. Norman Ewing Shaw, Chief of 1 )ixision of Nursery and (drehard Inspection, Ohio State Board of Agriculture, ('olumbus, (4hio, xvas bcjrn on the 29th of July, 1876, at Nexv Richmond, Ohio, and is the son of John C. and Sarah Ali:e Shaxv, both natix’es of Ohio. He receixed his education at the country schools near Nexv Richmond; at the Doane Academy, Granville, Ohio, and at the Ohir) State Unixersity, Columbus, Ohio, from which latter institution he grad- uated in 1906, xvitht the degree of B. S. He started in [tublic life at the age of tw^enty-two THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1241 years as a Deputy in llie Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, and he is considered to be one of the leading Orchardists of the State. In politics, Mr. Shaw is a Democrat, ha\ing come from a family of Democrats. He is a member of the Ohio Grange; The American Association of Economic Entomologists; The Ohio Academy of Science and the Alpha Zeta Fraternity, Ohio State University. He was married to Miss Julia Irene Snyder, of Norwalk, Ohio, and is the father of two daughters. The family attend the Presl)vterian Uhurch. Mr. Shaw’s offices are located in the State Building, Columbus, Ohio, in which city he also resides. William Hiram Simonton. Theophilus Simonton, grandfather of Wdlliam Hiram Simonton, came to Ohio from North Carolina and served his country as a soldier in the War of 1812-1814. Hiram Simonton, son of Theophilus Simonton, and father of the subject of this sketch, was born in ('ler- mont County, Ohio, in 1804, and died in Columbus, in 1892, in his eighty-eighth year. He came to Columbus in 1849, from Mil- ford, C'lermont County, where he had been engaged in business, and at the request of John Noble, father of Henry C. Noble, who owned the Buckeye House on Broad Street, on the present site of the Board of Commerce, opened that hotel. In 1851 he went to the United States Hotel, at the northwest corner of High and Town Streets, where the Lazarus Building now stands, and man- aged it until 1862, when he took charge of the Franklin House on High Street, owned by the Hubbards, where he remained until 1867. From 1867 to 1871 he lived in Lithopolis, Fairfield County, Ohio; returning to Columbus he built an attractive and com- modius home on East Main Street, where he died, and which was the home of his son William Hiram Simonton. He was one of the most popular hotel men of his time and was strongly and widely influential as a Democrat. He married Elizabeth Snell of a family well known in Southern Ohio. William Hiram Simonton was Ijorn in Milford, Clermont County, Ohio, in 1847. He was educated in the schools of Columbus, became a clerk in the United States Hotel and was later employed in the same capacity at the Zettler House, both of Columbus. In 1878 he became Deputy C'ounty Clerk of Franklin County, under County Clerk Harvey Cashatt, his brother-in-law, and filled the office until 1890 with such efficiency that he was that year elected County Cderk and served until 1894. He afterwards held the iX)sition of Secretary of the Electric Siq^ply & Construction Co. He married MJss Rosina Vaisle, daughter of the late Samuel Yaisle, and had one son, Mark Simonton, Jr., a graduate of the Columl)us High School and of the Ohio State University. Later, father and son formed the Simonton Construction Company, Electrical Contractors and Engineers, in the Columbus Savings and Trust Building, where the son still remains. William Hiram Simonton died December 11th, 1910, of pneumonia. Alva W. Simonton, brother of William Hiram Simonton is a prominent collector of Columbus. Another brother, Marcus Simonton, of Cincinnati, was during the Civil War, Post Quartermaster at Camp Chase, under appointment by Governor Dennison. Mr. Simonton’s sister. Miss Mattie H. Simonton, has long been a successful teacher. She was Principal of the public school at Third and Rich Streets, Columbus, until the opening of the Ohio Avenue School, when she was transferred to the Principalship of that buikling in 1895, where she still remains. Robert H. Sharp, Of Sugar Grove, Ohio, was born on the 22nd of October, 1872, at Sugar Gro\'e, the son of Robert L. Sharp and Rosa Stukey Sharp, both natives of Ohio. His father as well as his grandfather were meml)ers of the General Assembly of the State and prominent in their home county. Mr. Sharp received his education at the public schools and Sugar Grove High School, after which he attended the Ohio State University. By reason of his father's death, he was compelled to interrupt his studies and go to work. He now is engaged in building and financing heating and lighting plants and other ejuasi public ser\dce corporations. He also is interested in the Col- umbus Public Service Company; Springfield Light & Power Company; Ashtabula Water Works and member of Board, and \'ice- President of the R. L. Sharp Stone Company. Mr. Sharp is a member of the Elks. On the 24th of December, 1895, he was married to Miss Rosa E. Deeds. They ha\-e three children, Harold, Rejbert and Frank. The family reside at Sugar Gro\'e, while Mr. Sharp’s office is located in Columbus, Ohio. Barton Smith, Senior member of the Toledo law firm of Smith & Baker, was born on the 2nd of June, 1852, at Channahan, near Joliet, Illinois. His father, a farmer, was a native of Tennessee, who came to Illinois in 1835. The mother was from in Indiana. Mr. Barton Smith was educated at the University of Michigan, graduating in 1872. After spending one year in the stock business with his father, he entered the Law Department of the Lhiiversity of Michigan, and graduated in 1875. Immediately after he came to Toledo and formed a partnership with Mr. Geddes, which association lasted until July 1, 1881. He then became a member of the firm of Baker, Smith N Baker. This firm continued until the death of the senior member, Mr. William Baker, in November, 1894, since which time the two survi\'ing partners have continued the business, under the firm name of Smith & Baker. The offices of the firm are located in the Smith & Baker Building, Toledo, Ohio. Mr. Smith has made a profound study of real estate law, and f(;r several years confined his practice to that branch of legal work, though, in course of time his business was enlarged to include a large corporation practice. For a long time he was the attorney for the street railway company, electric light company and other large corporate concerns, though the most important of these engagements was that connected with the street railway interests. At the time the firm of Baker, Smith & Baker was organized, in 1881, the street railways of Toledo were operated by several small companies, indepench-nt of each other. The consolidation of these companies was largely the work of Mr. Barton Smith. Mr. Smith is a public spirited man and takes a deep interest in public affairs, though he has never held pulflic office, except one term as a member of the Board of Education of Toledo. Politically, he is a staunch Democrat, and in 1896 was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention. Fraternalh*, he is one of the most prominent Masons of Ohio, having been Grand Master of the Grand Commandery of the Knigths Templars of Ohio, and he is a 32nd degree member of the Scottish Rite Masons. In 1907 he was one of the three American Delegates to represent the Supreme Council in the Conference at Brussels; he has held the higher offices in the Ohio Grand Lodge and the Grand Commander}-, Knights Templar of the state. In September, 1909, he was elected to the office of Puissant Lieutenant Grand Commander, the second highest office in the Scottish Rite in the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the Ihiited States. Mr. Smith was married on the 25th of December, 1877, to Miss May Searles, of Kendall Count}-. Two children were born to them, Clifford Charles and Mildred, of whom Mildred survives, Clifford Charles ha\ing met an accidental death in the Detroit River, on the 6th of June, 1899. Mr. Smith resides in one of the beautiful residence districts of Toledo, Ohio. H. C. Wendel, M. D., A prominent physician and surgeon of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 4th of March, 1869, at St. Leon, Dearljorn County, Indiana. His father, a farmer, was a native of Hessen, Germany, and emigrated to this countr}- in 1851. Dr. Wendel was raised on the farm and followed the same routine of labor that is given to all farm boys, thereby acquiring a rugged constitution and a s[-)lendid training, which in later years has been of incalculable value to him. His education was obtained in the public schools of Franklin County, .2 12 THE BOOK OF OHIO. and at the Miami Medical College, at Cincinnati, from which institution of science lie graduated in 1893, with the degree of M. I). Immediately after his graduation he started tlie jiractice of his chosen profession, and by which he has been eminently suc- cessful, and b\' which he has gained a splendid reputation and an immense practice. 1 )r. Wendel is a man of affable manners, gentle in disposition, lovable by nature, broad in s\ inpathy and thoroughly conser\'ant with all the details of his profession. He is a member of all the princiiial medical bodies of this city, such as the Cincinnati .\cadem\- of Medicine, the American iMedical Association and the Ohio State Medical Soci('t\-. Socially, Dr. Wendel is a member of the leading fraternal orders. He belongs lo ihe different branches of Masonry, the Elks, K. of P. and I. (). O. F., and a number of social clubs and societies. He is married and has his ofhee and residence at 18 1-,. McMillan Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. .Mbertus Cassius Wolfe, .\ |)roininent physician ol Columbus, ()hio, was born on the 2Uth ot Octof)er, 1858, at 'Primble, ( )hio. His parents were farmers, the father, John \^’olfe, being born in Triml)le, Athens County, ( )hio, and his mother, Kezia McDonald Wolfe, in BishopsA'ille, Morgan County, ( )hio. Dr. Wolfe’s great grandfather, Ceorge \\’. Wolfe, was a soldier in the War of 1812, w lu-re he rcceiwd a wound in his arm which criirided him for life. He had emigralt'd to ( >hio from West m.oreland County, PennsyK’ania, in 1797. Dr. \^’olfe’s father, [olm Wolfe, was an orderK’ Sergeant of Com])any K, Sixty-d'hird Ohio Volunteer lnfanlr\ , during the War of the Rebellion. He died in the servic'e at Jefferson Barracks, St. bonis, Mo., on the 2l)th of No\’ember, 1893, at the age of thirty-two years. The mother of 1 >r. Wolfe, Kezia Wolfe, was a daughter of 'I'homas McDonald, a representative of one of the pioneer families of Athens ('ounty, Ohio. Dr. \\’olfe was educated in a t'onnt\ ' school, near Bisho|)s\ ilU‘, Ohio, at the Ohio Cni\’ersity, at Athens, Ohio, at the Cohnnbhs Medical College, and at the New ^'ork post-graduate school and hospital. In IS, S3 he graduated from Columbus .Medical College, with the degree ol M. I). He started his iH'oh'ssional career at the age of twenty-four years. From 1892 to 1897, Dr. Wolfe a. c. wolfu was profess()r of diseases of the nose and throat in the ()hio Medical Hniversitty and filled the chair of t hera])ent ics in the same institution until 1907, at which time he was elected to the same chair in The Starling Ohio Medical College, which chair he filled until September, li)09, when he resigned to gi\^e all his time to his practice. Dr. Wolfe is a member of York bodge. No. 503, A. k'. N A. M.; a member of Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, 32nd degree Mason, and of Dennison bodge, I. ( ). O. F. He also holds membership in the Columlms .Academy of Medicine, in the Ohio State Medical Society, and in the American Medical .Association. On the 2ttth oi Nhwember, 1883, Dr. W'olfe w'as married to Miss Fannie P. Main. He resides at 35 West bourth .\\enue, Colnmbns, ()hio. rHC'MP.SON John M. Thompson, -A prominent memirer of the ( )hio State Senate, w-as Ijorn on the 22nd of December, 1870, on a faim in Congress Township, Adorrow' County, Ohio. His parents, William G. and and Mary Thompson, w^ere natives of Ohio. His grandfather was of Scotch-Irish descent and born in the city of Belfast. .Senator Thompson was educated in the public and high schools of Alt. Gilead. Upon lea^•Ing school he devoted himself to the teaching profession, in which he has been engaged ever since. In politics, the Senator is a staunch Democrat. He was elected to his present position in the Ohio State Senate in November, 1908. He is a member of the standing committees on Common Schools and on Prison and Prison Reforms. The Senator takes an active part in the shaping of legislation, and he has always the interests of the people at heart. ( )n the 13th of Octolrer, 1894, lie was married to Aliss Winifrede Fmahise: . Two children, Paul and John Al. Jr., ha\’e been born to them. Senator Thompson resides at Alt. Gilead, Ohio. Dr. George W. Hunter Was born at Hamilton, Ohio, November 1st, 1874, in the house still owned by him. His parents, Thomas H. Hunter, a tailor, and Jane Alosgrove Hunter, were both nati\cs ot .Northern Ireland and had emigrated to the United States when they w-ere rcspecli\eh' fifteen and eighteen years of age. The father died at the age of seventy- eight \ ears, and when Dr. George W. Hunter was but h^•e years old. Dr. Hunter recei^’ed hi^ education in the public schools of Hamilton. Upon leaving school he learned the trade ot a horse ^hoer, and for a numlrer of years he conducted a horse shoeing shop in his native clt\-, where he soon became recognized as one of the most skillful men at the trade. W'hile lollowing the \dcalion of a horse shoer. Dr. Hunter [prepared himself for college, and in due time took a tliree >ears’ ccnirse in AlcKillop’s Veterinary College, at Chicago, gradu- G. W. 1 lUNTCR. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1243 ating from that institution in 1904, receiving the depree of M. D. V. He began the practice of his profession in Hamilton, which he con- tinued very successfully for three and a half years, when he sold his practice and veterinary hospital. He then engaged in the real estate and brokerage business. At the time of this writing. Dr. Hunter was organizing the business of cataloging real estate through a chain of brokerage offices to cover the entire country. Dr. Hunter is now recognized as one of the sticcessful real estate men of his state. In politics, Dr. Hunter is an avowed Democrat, but has never aspired to office. He was married on February 2nd, 1898 to Miss Jane (larver, the only child of William J. Carver, one of the most prominent and wealthy farmers of Butler Cotinty. One daughter, Damia E. Hunter, has blessed their union. The family now reside at 707 East High Street, Hamilton, Ohio. George W. McCook, Deceased, who during a life f>f usefulness was one of the most inlltiential business men and citizens of Steubein ille, Ohio, was a son of Col. George \\h McCook, a member of the celebrated “Fighting McCook’s,” whose name is indelibly written in the Ci\’il W’ar history of the Fnited States. He was born in 1853, a natiw* Ohioan, and was a son of the late George McC'ook, an honorary member of the Fifty-Second, One Hun- dred and Fifty-Seventh, and Ninety-Eighth Ohio Regimental Associaticms. Mr. McCook was very active in the business life of Southern Ohio; largeh’ interested in the busi- ness affairs of his home city, and was among others, President and Treasurer of the .Steuben\’ille Coal and Mining C'ompany. He was a public-spirited citizen, alway s willing to assist a worthy enterprise. For many years he was a member of the Board of Managers of the Gallipolis Epileptic Asvlum, and at the tin.e of his death was a \aluable member of the Ohio State Board ot Eish and Game ('(nnmissioners. Mr. McCook died on the 25th of October, 1910, at his home, 031 North Sexenth Street, Steubenx ille, mourned by all who knew him. Clayton W. Eldredge, Superintendent of the Cincinnati District of the Anti-Saloon Eeague of Ohio, with head- (piarters at 222 West Eourth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio, was Ixjrn on the 7th day of April, 1809, in North Pitcher, X. V., the son of Charles Freeman Eldredge ctf Chenango Count\-, and Mary Elizabeth Tanner Pddredge, of Courtland County, X. V. Mr. Eldredge’s lust ancestor in America was William Eldred. The name as here given is almost ptire Saxon, and originates from the name of the old Saxon king Pith Elred. In an old will in possession of the family, William t^ldred was referred to as lixing at 5'armouth, Cape ( od. Mass., as early as 1035. The line comes doxxn direct from PZlder Brexxster. pastor of the Plymouth Congregation, and Stephen Hojtkins, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and also of Dolly Madison. Rex’. Eldredge xvas educated in the public schools and High School of Sharpsx ille, Pa., and at W estminster College, Nexx’ Wilming- ton, Pa., gradtiating from that instittition in 1891, xvith a degree of A. B. He later attended Western Theological Seminary at Allegheny City, Pa., from xvhich he grad- tiatetl in 1895. He started in jxtiblic life in 1895 as pastor of the Pleasant Hill and Fair- mount Presbyterian Chtirches, Allegheny County, Pa. He xvas afterxvard pastor at Leetonia, Ohio, and had txvo pastorates in C'incinnati; first at the Poplar Street Pres- byterian ('hurch, XX here a beautiful house of xvorship xvas built, and second at Ex anston. Six years ago he took tij) xxork in his [xresent position for the Anti-Saloon League. He is xery actixe in the affairs (tf the organization. In iwlitics. Rev. Eldredge is independent, but has largely xoted the Prohibition ticket. On the 9th of October, 1895, he married Miss Horence Elizabeth Chamberlain, at Blast Palestine, Ohio. Rex’. Bddredge is a member of the C incinnati Presbytery. The Bartholomew-Clifton School, One ot the leading boarding and day schools for girls in the State of Ohio, organized as an incorporated company, incorporated under the laxvs of Ohio, originallx’ consisted of I he Bartholomexv B.nglish and Classical School, founded in 1875, and the Clifton School, bldredgu. founded in 189(i. In 1900, both institutions xx’ere consolidated under the itresent name. The school exffers a general academic cotirse, a college prejtarattjry cotirse, and an adxanced etttirse tor high school gradtiates and older sttidents. It has a high standard of scholar- ship and it’s certificate admits to college. The [iresent Principals are Miss E. Antoinette Ely, A. M. and Aliss Mary I'. Smith. Sit- Morgan Baxter Lamb, Of Columbus, Assistant State Veterinarian of Ohio, xvas born on the 11th of June, 1808, at Chester Hill, Morgan County, Ohio. His father, Leonidas G. Lamb, xvas a native of \'irginia, and his mother, Abigail Hill Lamb, a native of Pennsylxania. Dr. Lamb’s paternal grandfather xvas a x’eteran of the Mexican and Cix il Wars, and his father is a xeteran of the C'ixil War and charter member of the Grand Army Republic. Dr. Laml) receixed his education in the public schools of W'ashington County, Ohio; at Bexerly -Academy; Ohio Wesleyan Enixersity and Ohio State Unixersity xvith the class of 1901, receix’ing the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine. Before taking up the study of veterinarx’ medicine he studied and practiced human medicine in Boston, Mass. He xvas appointed to his present position after successfully holding the position of instructor in Bacteriology and Pathology at Washington -Agricultural College; the position of Assist- ant State Veterinarian of Washington ; that of -A.ssistant in the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Ohio State Unix’ersity, and Inspector in the Bureau of -Animal Indtistrx’, United States Department of -Agriculture. Dr. Lamb is a member of the -American Wterinarx’ Medical Association. His office is located in the C apitol Building, Colum- Inis, Ohio. 1244 THE BOOK OF OHIO. ualfd at l-^answood, (difton, one of llu- old fainil\- estates of Cincinnati’s most f)eautiful siiburf), and easily reached l)y three street niil\va\' lines, ihe school offers the ad\antattc‘s to he gained fnnn close proximity to the city, combined with the fresh air, light and freedom of the conntr\-. The special aim is to pruxade a sensible, thorough and well ordered training for girls. The work is divided into two di-p;irt ments, the lower tind the ui)i)er school, 'riirotighout the eight forms of the lower school an effort is made to lead the children through the necessar\- drill in the fundamental I'.nglish studies, with French or Cicrman, and with lessons in nature study, familiar science, drawing, music, physical culture and sewing. The upper school has two regtilai courses. The (General Academic Course is recommended for the girls not intending to go to College. This course is strong in Fnglish, Literature and History, includes modern lang- uages, familiar science, current events, the history of art, and sitbstitutcs, for those who desire, a training in busi- ness forms and simple accounts, and work in modern languages atid literature for higher mathematics and advanced classics. The College Preparatory Course fits girls for admission into any of the colleges open to women. Students who aie sufficiently advanced in the (.'lementary studies are received for elective courses. Class- es for advanced work in languages, history, literature iv\i the well fotmded re])tit;tlioti of being one of the foretnost tnusical iristitutions in the country. There is nothing so .momolotis in the gre.it intiictUe lU'twork of moiF'rn life, so strtmge as the position ot the art of music. To consider the etiormous stuns of mone\- .mnti.ilb' expended ttpon instrinnetits for the creating of tmtsictil sounds, atid the vast amoittits of tuition is etiough to create wonder .tt the f;ir rettching itoteiicy of this mystical, yet vividly sensoits form of hutnan e.xpression, and yet there is no branch of educatioti.il work which is so irregtil.irh' tiiid so penuriously jirovided for. VVe have a do/xn great universities, with huge endow- ments re.iching from ten to thirtx' or forty millions of dolkirs, there are costly scientific expeditions for varioits reasons and purposes, bitt endowed schools of mtisic ;tre r.ire indeed. Music schools, there are tnan\' atid varied, but the College of Music of Cincinnati c;in bo.isl the |)rottd r.itik of one of the tew institutions which haxe ;i solid foundation. The creator of the College of Music, prac- ticiilK’ spe.ikiug, w;is one ol .Atnericti’s typical sclf-tnade men, Reuben R. Springer. bike man\- other rich Americtms, Mr. Reitben R. Springer when he atttiined wealth, itnmediately cast about for some way in which to ;i|)pl\' his .iccunuilated iiower in sonu' mode which would nmke the world a better place. That a school where music can accurately .ind efticii. tUl\’ be incttlc.ited, is one of the ways iti which motley can make this present world a lietter and more humane place of sojottrn is so ])otent tlnit it needs no ;mi|)lific;ition. Human happiness depends upon threw things, provision ot the actual needs of the bod\-, means for tillitig the intelligence with a ])lentitude of ideas, and a source of inxigorating and renewing the moral and spirit- ti.il .ispiralion .ind simsil .ilit ies. Mtisic ■ su])erior surroundings, rehned and artistic einironmeiit. Mrs Julia (fhio C'utaiar, a woman of high ideal, thorough education and splendid social i)osition, as the first female ever a])pointed S])ecial Teacher of Music in the ))ublic schools of ('incinnati, has estab- lished a precedent for women in the pro- fession. .\ graduate of Xotre I fair, e, which institution honored her with two gold medals, ])U])il of the ( "oncertmeister of l^erlin, grad- uate of the Cincinnati \ormal School, with (lil)lomas, life certihtate and the experience of \ears of successful musicianship, she is eminenth' fitted for the high i)osition she occu|)ies as Hirectress and Princi])al of the school that bears her name, d'he J. (ihio ( ni.u.u' S' hool pro\idc> a thorough training in all the \arious branches ol .Music, its methods ar(‘ modern and ap])ro\ed and its >ucce^s i> built ii|)on the linn foundation of genuine merit, d he number and character of its |)upils with the rapid growth ol the insti- inlion i^ ccrlain proof that the school enjoys the conlidentx' ol the i)eo|)le, both at home and abroad. rite Ohio Military institute, ( >ne ol the foren a st milit.iiN schools ol the cotmtr\’, located at College Mill, to become an educator, and upon his graduation he oiiened an .\cadeni\- lor bo\'s at his home. Phe old house still stands, a re\ ored l.indniark ol College Hill. Caiw ’s .\cadeniy, when ojieiu'd, receiwd lour pujiils, but before the >ear closed, the eager young schol.ir W.IS te.iching more than a scort' ol boys. Mr. Car\’ was encouraged to build on a plot of ground just in front of the school, .1 sin. ill brick school building. Shortb' alterward h(> constructed a handsome addition. Meanwhile the school increased rapidly in numbers, until during the last >’ear ol the .\cadem\-, more than one hundred and twenty students were in attendance. In the twelve \ e.irs during w hich Mr. Car\' conducted his school, some tweb e hundred boys Irom all parts of the W est and South, came under his instruction. Hi'' .icadeiiu' w.is, at that time, 'he leading ]iri\ate school west ol the .Alleghenies. He was assisted in the work by an eflicieiit corps of instructors. se\eral ol whom were \ery able men, who afterward became eminent educators. The buildings of Pile ()liio Milit.iiw Institute consist of Cary Hall, Belmont Hall and the Cymnasium. Cary Hall was built in 1847, but it is a \ ery sulot.inti.il building, and is in an excellent state of preseiwation. It has been m.ide moie comenient and comfortalile within by the iiist. ill. Ition of a modern system ol steam heat, gas light and water. Its architectural lines, classic, almost se\ere in their simplicity, .1 \ isible ex|iression of the iilain li\ ing and high thinking of the founder, \er>- fortunateb' remain wholly unchanged. W’ithin, ('aiw I hill is adniir.ibly arranged and adapted to the purpose for which it is used, that ol a school building. I ts rooms are all constructed with ■limeiisions on the old f.ishioned generous sc.de. 'Phe\' are large. ha\e high ceilings, and are well lighted and ventilated. It contains .1 ceiitr.ilb loc.ited stud\' hall or assembK' room, designed to accomodate two hundred students; the carious recitation rooms of the upper and lower school: the laboratories: the school chajiel, seating one hundred and fiftc' students, and the rcKjins of the several literary societies, chibs and fralernitit's. Belmont H.ill was erected in bS!H) at a cost of .SoO.OOO. It is a three story structure of brick and stoiu'. absoluteK- safe. It is designed as an administration building and dormitory for the cadets. The entire building is supplied with water, heated by steam and lighted with gas. It has modern, sanitary plumbing, liath rooms and toilet rooms on the upper lloors. Phe (’icinnasium is a two store' frame building. It was erected in 18!>2 at a cost of about .S1(),0()(). The main floor is one hundred ather. .-Xbove, with a delightful outlook over the wide wooded hills, are the dormitories of the lower scIkkiI. Pike ('arc' Hall and Belmont Hall, this building is supplied evith steam heat, gas and evater. The sevimming pool is one of the most poinilar features of the recreation equipment. It is fitted evith shoever liaths, and the evater can be heated in cold cve.ither. 'Phe tennis courts are as good as can be built. An athletic field of several acres, an ideal field for football, baseball and field sports lies a feev hundred cards from the school buildings. The parade ground is level and cvell drained. It is so constructed as to drv cere- rapidic'; there are, therefore, very feev days, even in the evinter, cvhen it is not in good condition for drill and parade. The Ohio Militarc Institute is divided into two branches, the I’pper School and the Loever School. The boys of the first and second class comprise the Loever School, cvhile the Fpper School is composed of the Third, P'ourth, P'ifth and Sixth classes. The Military system is used to m.iiiuain order and discipline, but the Military Department is alcvays subordinate to the Academic. The aim is to get all the THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1247 benefits derix'ed from a military training, without at the same time interfering with the routine of study. The course of stud\- at the Ohio Military Institute prejtares the students \'ery thoroughly for C'ollege. The institution is under superxision of Commandant Albert Aleb ille Henshaw, and Head Alaster S. P. Chase Roberts, A. M. The cori-rs of instructors is composed (T men pre-eminenth' ciualified for their profession. The Board of Trustees of the C'ollege consists of the following gentlemen: \V. T. Sim])son, Presi- dent: Powell C'rosley, \4ce-President : Theodore \A'. Pyle, Secretarx'-Treasurer ; Kdxxard Sayer, Peter Ci. Thomson, John K. Bruce, Orxille Simpson, Frank H. Simpson, Stanley K. Henshaxx', William R. Goodall, Loxx'e Emerson, Dr. P. T. Kilgour and Dr. W. S. Kellar. Miami Military Institute, Of Txx'in X'alley C'ollege, Ciermantoxx n, Ohio, one of the best military schools in the country, can brxast of a sticcessful existence of a quarter of a century. The institute is situated in a x'ery beautiful, qtiiet and healthful location, in the little x illage of C'jermantoxxn, fifty miles north of Cincinnati. The first plans for a college in Ciermantoxxn xx'ere laid as earlx' as 1S74, xx'hen certain citizens of the toxxn entered into agreement xvith the District Synod of Ohio, of the Ex-angelical Lutheran C'htirch, for the fotmdation and mainten- ance of a Synodical School. A committee of citizens, xvithout delay, secured stiltscriptions for the college fund, and constructed the building during the folloxx-ing year. But before the second year of school sessions had Iteen completed, the District Synod, xvhich had agreed to prox'ide a faculty and attend to the maintenance of the school altandoned the enterprise. The building xvas acqtiired bx’ the x illage of Germantoxx'ii, and xx'as used tor armory puriroses for about ten years. On the 4th of Felrruary, 188(i, the nexx' school xvas founded Ity its present head, C'ol. Orx'on Graff Broxvn, in agreement xx'ith the Toxvn C'ouncil, and occujtied the original build- ing for many years. In 1887 it xxxts chartered by the State of Ohio as “Txvin A'allex' C'(.)llege.” In spite of the many x-icissitudes, through xvhich it struggled in its early years, its present position has amply x'indicated its original principle of indixidual attention to each student according to his personal reciuirement . The fact that it has been limited to a comparatix-elx’ small number of students throughout its history has enabled it to lix-e up to this ideal much more closely than larger colleges xvhich hax'e adojited a similar method. At first a large proportion of the tutoring xvas undertaken personally by President Broxvn, but xvith the gnnvth of the insti- tution, masters have been added gradually to take charge of the various departments of instruction, until the faculty at present num- bers txx-elx-e. As increasing attention came to be paid to the militarx- side of the schocff’s educational plan, the name xvas changed to ••M iami Military Institute of Txvin Valley College.” The Secretary of War, in 1!HJ(3, detailed a regular army officer to Ite Commandant of Cadets at "Miami Alilitary Institute." All inspections made by the W'ar Department hax’e placed the school in Class A, thus rec- ognizing it as one ot the txx’enty best military schools in the country. 4'he original college charter, hoxx-ex'er, has been retained, and degrees are annually granted to students xvho complete the major academic courses. The present faculty is composed exclu- sixely of college men, and includes graduates of the representatix’e universities of both the East and West. A destructix-e fire, xvhich completely demolished the old building in the xvinter of 11)03, made xvay for the construction of a large, nexv, firepnjof barracks and school building, to xvhich the President’s home is attached Thus the cadets and faculty all live under one roof, and form one large family For nearly a rpiarter of a century the same President has strix-en to make this school effectix-e in the four-fold dex-elopmenf of the boys xvhom he has selected from the best ytnmg manhood (ff‘ this section of the countrx' The lix-es of the young men xvho hax-e gone (Hit from Miami Military Institute haxe prox-ed that the practice of the school, in dex'eloping the physical, moral, mental and social qualities of a normal, xvell nurtured boy, is correct in principle and xvill alxvays result in the highest product of God's Ixeneficcnce, a manly and efficient man. The Miami Militarx- Institute offers its students a complete education, a Preparatory Course, an Insti- tute Course, and a ('lassical Course, besides a Business Course, combined xvith a thorough military training. The A'lilitary Course embraces instructif)n in Guard Duty, lufantrx- and Artillery Drill Regulations, Firing Regulatiods for Small Arms, Service of Security and Information, Military Field Engineering, Constitutional and International Laxv, and Hxgiene and Hospital Service. The Military Fciuipment is furnished by the War Department, and the Commandant of Cadets is, as above stated, a Ihfited States Armx- Officer, detailed to the institution b>- the Secretary of War. 4'he eciuipment is the finest issued to scho(4s by the M’ar Department, and includes three txvo-inch steel, breech-loading field pieces: United States magazine rifles and carbines calibre 30, xvith cartridge belts of the latest pattern: non-commissioned officers' sxvords, etc. 4'he department also supplies ammu- nition both for the field pieces and for small arms. Colonel ( )rx on Ciraff Broxvn, M. A., is President of the Facultx- The Board of \4sitors consists of Hon Judson Harmon, Gox’ernor (jf Ohio: Colonel Julius Fleischmann, Cincinnati: ColoiU‘1 Herbert G. Catroxv Miamisburg, and L. S. Crickmore, Max'or of (7ermantoxvn : H. A. Gable and P. E. Sxvartzel, of Germantoxvn. Meigs Velpeavi Crouse, Superintendent of the Children’s Home, Cincinnati, ( )hio, x\-as born on the 8th of August, 18.71, at Dayton, 4'ippecanoe County, Indiana, ami is the son of Dr. Daxid H. C'rouse and Rachel Baker ('rouse, natix-es of I*ennsylx-ania and ( )hio, res])ectix-elx- Dr. Dax id M. Crouse xvas a State Senator in Indiana. Mr. M. \’. ('rouse receixed his xxlucation at Wabash College, Craxvfordsx-ille, Indiana, and Lane 4'heological Seminarx-, Cincinnati, graduating from the former institution in 1871, and from the latter In 187.'). He holds the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Dix inltx’ and Master of Arts. At the age of twenty-four years, Mr. ('rouse started in public life as Pastor of the Presbyterian Church, Franklin, Ohio. He remained in the Presbyterian Ministry for sex’en years, after xvhich he became editor of the Moline, Ills., Dispatch. For the last txx-cnty-eight x-ears, Mr. Crouse is in charge of the ('incinnati Children’s Home. In politics, Mr. Crouse is affil- iated xvith the Republican party. He Is a member of the National Conference of Char- ities and Corrections for the last txvcnty years. ( )n the 17th of June, 1875, Mr. Crouse xvas married to Miss Ida Wallace. 4'hree children haxe blessed their union, Anna Marie, Laura Louise and Rachel Miriam Crouse. The famih' attend the Presbyterian Church. Mr. C rouse resides at 312 West Ninth Street, ('incinnati, Ohio. The Children’s Home of Cincinnati. C)R(4ANIZA4'10N AND MAI N4'A1 NANCE. — I'his institution xvas organized in 18(14, mainix- 1)X' Murray Shipley, a merchant and minister of the Society of Friends. Associ- ated xvith him as subscribers to the enterprise xvere a number of people, but he himself built the first ('hildren’s Home at his oxvn expense. The Institution has ahvax’s depended upon popular support. In its earlier days a committee of its Trustees canxassed for M. V. CROL'SE 1 24S THE BOOK OF OHIO. TMI-; c:i iii.dri:n'.s homi-:. cincinna ii ( ONa-lHTE CONSTRUCTKW MATERIAL CO . COLUMBUS, O. THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1249 fumls but this entirely ceased long ago, and the work has been maintained b\- the free will offerings of the peojtle. The present struc- ture was erected in 1877, at a cost not inclusive of the grounds, of about SlOO, ()()(). Great enlargement will be necessar\- and possible in the near future. The annual contributions are altout .812, OOO; the income from its invested funds is about .8h,U()(): the ex|)enses are about -821,000. The annual ntimbei of children cared for is above fourteen hundred. It has been a matter (;f remark to man\- that The Children's Home should remain in its early location in the midst of the city, cm Ninth Street, opposite the C'itv Building. The time may come when it may remo\'e to the suburbs, but hitherto it has seemed jrossible to accomplish more good by being at the centre of the population. It is mtich easier of access to the poor and is much better able to perform its di\-ersified work. NAME AND PURI41SE. — M'hen the question arose as to what this institution should be called, Murray Shipley devised the name using the word “Children" rather than "Orphan," so that no child should e\-er be refused even If not an orphan, but iust as much in need, because destitute, neglected, ill-treated or in any other way in need of assistance. It was the first Instituticm e\'er called "The Children’s Home.” Prior to that all similar work had in some wa>' used the name "Orphan.” But from that time forward the new name became popular and hundreds of such institutions ha\’e Iteen called Children's Homes. From the beginning the institution has determined to do for each child whater-er seemed to be best for the indix idtial case, and therefore has never had any written "rules” or "by-laws." All of Its work has hinged upon the idea that it would help the poor to help themseh’es in whatex’er wax' would be best suited to the indix'idual need. In general it has had three methods of operation. 1. To care for children during temitorary periods of destitution. 2. To care for children xxho arc in permanent need. 3. To care for children by day (the mothers of xxhom are fix ing alone and in need) xvhile their mothers are at their day’s xvork. In connection xvith the abox'e, it serx’es a general purpose as a "clearing house” for the children of the poor to secure their proper distribution among other institutions, irublic or private. C'hildren may lie brought here until admission can be secured for them to any other institution to which it is desired that the children be sent. Standing at the center of population it holds itself alxvays ready to give information or to lend its aid for the best settlement of any and ex'cry case of jux'enile need xx hich max' come to its kmnx ledge. WORK ACCOMPLISHED .AND RESL'LTS. — During forty-fix'e years of its existence it has cared for more than 32,300 children. Of these about 28,000 were kept for temporary aid or by day only. .About 4,000 of the number xvere permanentlv committed to its care and placed in adoptive homes. These xx'ere looked after and visited and their xx'elfare assured until they became of legal age. Of these permanent xx'ards about sex'en fifteenths xvere orphans or half orphans: about eight fifteenths had been deserted or sur- rendered to the Trustees or committed by the Court because they did not hax'c proper homes. The usefulness of the institution is not simply in the relief gix'en to thousands during periods of temporary distress, l)ut more especiallx' in the outcome of its permanent wards, those who hax'e been adopted in foster homes. .Among the number of these hax'e been physicians, laxvyers, ministers, editors, inx’entors, manufacturers, merchants, (.)ffice holders, many farmers, some hax'e accumulated wealth, many of the girls are happy wixes of good men. ATt practically all of these children hax'c come up from the depths. One single item will shoxv in strongest fight, the good xvhich has been done. Of these 4,000 children, only sex'cn have ex'er been in prison for felony. This fis far better than could be expected and is eloquent testimony to the x’alue of placing such children in selected homes. The economy of its administrations has been a remarkable feature. If these 4000 permanent wards had been reared in the institution they xvould hax'e cost an ax'erage of -812.00 each. But being placed in adoptix e homes they xx'ere reared at an average cost to public charity of about .8.50.00 each. OFFICERS. — Murray Shipley, the founder, was the first and only President until his death in 1899. .Associated xvith him as Afice-President, and later elected President, xvas Air. John Longxvorth Stettinius, until his death in 1904. The next head of the insti- tution was Dr. Wm. H. Taylor, xvho xvas its physician from the beginning and a Trustee from 1882. Fdxvin R. Stearns has been Secre- tary since 1875, and also Treasurer since 1887, and since decease of Dr. Taylor is noxv the President. Other Trustees, not to name them all, have been Robert W. Burnet, who gave the most of the ground upon xvhich the building stands; H. Thane Miller, widely known as Evangelist and Educator; John Shillito, Larz .Anderson, Sr.; Elliot H. Pendleton, Sr.; William Woods, Robert .Allison. The present Board includes N. Henchman Davis, Caleb W. Shipley, David B. Gamble, Harry F. \^oods, Edxvard Ritchie, Hon. D. DeAIotl \^ oodmansee, Fred A. Geir and John L. Stettinius. The Children's Home employs a Afisitor whose time is dex'oted to visiting the children in their adopt ix'e homes. He first x'isits the familx' and makes careful inquiry to see that the home is desirable, then places the child in the home, then goes occasionally to see the child and its foster parents and does xvhatex'er needs to be done until the child comes to its maturity. This officer is the Rex'. Rufus .A. Longman. The Children’s Home Monthly Record has Ixeen published for forty-txvo years. The present editor is Aliss Grace Dax'idson. The Superintendent and Matron are Mr. and Mrs. Meigs A . Crouse, xvho hax'e been in this xvork tor txventx'-nine x'ears. The .Assistant Superintendent is .Albert F. Copeland. ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE WORK DONE.— The first l)oy ex'er receix'ed into the institution has since beeii xx'ell knoxvn as Colonel John H. Carroll of St. Louis. He xx'as an (jrphan, eight years old, and has been earning his fix ing in the streets of Cincinnati as a newsboy, making his home in a heap of dry goods boxes at the rear of the John Shillito store. Under the fostering care of the Children s Home he grexv to manhood, and has since become a distinguished attorney, a man of means aiid a x'crx' helpful friend <4 the children of the poor. For the memorial to Mr. Shipley, Colonel Carroll xvrote as folloxx's; "I nex’er think of Alurray Shipley xvithout being filled with gratitude. He it xvas xvho found nie sitting in a l)0.x in Baker .Alley, tieing up my frozen feet. He stopped long enough to inquire about my troubles, and xvhen I told him my story he asked me to go xvith hin'i, and he put me in I he Children’s Home. I had been xvandering in the streets for a long time and had tried to tell niy story to a great many men. But for some reason that I nex'er knexv, he was the first man In the txvo years that I xx'as on the streets of Cincinnati xx'ho xx'alted long enough to hear my story. .And xvhen 1 had finished ho took me in his arms and carried me awax' to The Children’s Home.” .A GRA I EfiPlL GIRL. .Another e.xample xvas a little girl, friendless and forlorn, xvhom The Children’s Home took and placed in a good family home; there she receixed an education and became in time the xvife of a judge of the United States Court and a splendid xvoman in ex'ery xvay. From her home of xx'ealth and high social rank she xvrote; I am the girl Julia, so kindly taken by The Children’s Home, and so happily placed in the hearts and home of mx' foster parents, those txvo best people in 41II the xvorld xvho xvill ex'er hold in my heart of hearts the place of real parents. 'I'heir people are my peo]4e, their home my home, their Ciod is my CtocI; and that too notxvithstanding my x'ery happy marriage. I xvrite this letter to express and record iriy jrrofound thanks to The C hildren’s Home xvhich has been the instrument of such great good to nie." .A BE.ALlTIhUL STORA . — John Koch xvas a little orphan receixed by The C hildren’s Home and placed in a foster family near Bellefontaine, xx'ith a Quaker minister xvho supported himself by farming. John grexv up, xvent \ATst and xvorked hard for ten x'ears, I2r)0 THE BOOK OF OHIO. saving his nioney. Mcanliir.c ihr old tosicr tatluT, dcxotin^ murh labor to the ministry had falleti into tronl)le and became itnable to meet his linancial oblij^at ions. The old peo|)le were to be turned out troin their hcjine by a Sheriff s sale. ( )n the day o( the auction, amont; the bidders w;is John Ivoch who had come back Irom Xebraskii lor the purj)os(a He purchased the tanii ;ind kept his tester |)arents there in their old aye as they had kept him when a little homeless lad. Tlu* Ohio I nivensity. d he ( )rdin;mce of 17N7, w hich cre.iti'd the .\ort hw i-stern ’I'erritotW'. also ])ro\ idetl tor the estiiblishment ot institutions ot higher learn- ing; eonsetpiedt l\', si.\teeii years betoi'e ( )hio was admitted into the I’nion ;is ;i State, the Itirsei'ing tanners ot th;it great historic (jrdin- ance antici|)aled and proxided loi' collegiate edtication in this territory. The intlttence ot that ordinance has Iteen withottt any doubt ot the greatest .diisef pience and importance to the tame and dex’elopnumt ot the State of ()hio, tor by its ])ro\'isions it arranged a per|ietu.d rexenue for ed uc. 1 1 ion. d i)Ui'poses. .\ cl.itise in this ordinance re.ids as tolloxxs: “.\ot more than txxo complete toxxnships to be gixen perpetually for the |)tirposes ot ,i unixersitx' to be kiid off by the pttrehaser or j)urchasers, as near the center as may be (so that the s.ime >h.dl be ot good kind), to be apiilied to the' intendx-d object bx' thi' l.egislat tire ot the State.” As there was a super- abund.mce of kind, .md as the country xxas jirettx' stire lo till up rapidlx , such an endoxxinent xxas stiitposed to be the most stable .md .dmo>l certain to incre.isi- greatix' in x-.ihie. I'he historx' of m.uix’ kind gnints tor education shoxx's, hoxvex’er, that while the e.\- pecl.it ion ol inrre.ise in x ahie has lu'cii Itillx' re.ili/ed, the beiU'tici. tries h.ix'e not derix’ed the Itill benefits trom this increase, oxving to the f.ict th.it to obtain immedi.ite ,md necess.irx’ funds thex' liaxi- been com])elled to sell ]);irt, at least, ot the grants. The distinc- tion ol being not onix' the oldest college xx ithin the present Stiite ol ( )hio, but as xx’ell the first institution ot higher learning xxest of (he .Mleghimy .Mountains, >u|)portx-d by a public kind endoxxinent, belongs to thi‘()hio I’nix'ersity, located at Athens, in 1e ol .1 parlicnkir denomin.ilion, creed or racic I'he lands to be dexoted to the sup])ort ot the ( )hio ( hn'x’ersity xx'ere located in 1 7b.'). The toxxnshi|)s xxcre numiH'rs eight .md nine, in the lourteenth r.mge, noxx' Athens ;ind .Ale.xander, in .Athens C'ountv. d'he lir>t l.imilie> moxed to ihem in 17b7. and settled near the presimt site ol the toxxn ot .Athens. I'xxo years later the Territorial Legis- kitnre .i|)poinled three ( 'ommissioners "to kix' olf, in the most suit.ible pkice xx ithin the toxx nshi|), a toxx n plat, which should contain a sipiare lor the college; also lots suitable lor house lots and gardens tor a I’resident, I’rotessors, d'utors, etc., bordering on, or encircled by >|)acious commons, .md such a number ot toxxn lots adjoining the said commons .and out-lots as thex' think xxill be for the arlxain- l.ige ol the t nix ei sily." In the s.nne x e.ir. Hr. ( hitler sent his dr.ilt lor an act ol incorporation tor the I nixersity. In this draft he said among other thing-.; "l•'ortx■ or lilty thotis.mds >1 dolktrs cannot be too high, as it must be :ii)|)lied lo one of the most u.seftil and important l)urpoM'> to socieix' .md gox eminent .” I’.is>ing oxer sonu' inlermedi.ile legislation, xx'e find that the (leneral .Assembly of the nexx’ State that had just been .ulmitted into the Hnion, passed, in 1.S04, .m .\ct, ot xxhich Section 1 gaxe to the institution its ]tresent name, the ( )hio I nixersitx'. .md delmed it-, object to be "the instruction ol youth in all the xarious biamches of liberal arts and sciences the promolion ol good edticalion, x irttie, religion .md moralilx', .md the conlerritig of all the degrees atid literary honors granted in sim- ikir in^t il ut ion,..." Section 2 jirox ided lor the corporate existence ot a Board ot Trustees, and also "for the subdix ision of college kinds into tracts ol not less than eightx' acres nor mori' than oiu' hundred and forty ticres; the xaiktation of them bi/ three disinter- e>led .111(1 judicious Ireeholders as in their origin. il .md tmimiiroxc'd state, and the leasing of the same for ti term of ninetx’ years renexxable lorexer. on .i xe.irix' rent ot six ])ercenttim ot the amount ol the xahiation so made by the said freeholders, and the land .so le.ised >hall be subject to a rex .ihi.it ion at the ex])ir.ition ot thirtx -lix e x ears, and to another rex ahtation at the ex|jiration of sixtx’ year-. Irom the commencement ol the term ot each le.ise, xxhich rexahtation shall be I'onducted and made on the princi|)les of the lirst, .ind the les>ee shall jiax' .i xe.irlx' rent ot six per centum on the amotmt ot the x'aliialion .so to be made, and forex'er thereafter .it a yearlx' rent eipi.il to .md not exceeding six per centum ot the amotmt ot a X’alualion, lo be made as aforesaid at the expiration of the term of ninetx- x e.irs .ifores.iid ; |)rox ided, alxx.ix s, that the corporation shall hax’e iioxx’er to demand a further vearlx' rent on the s.iid kind> .md tenements not exceeding the .imotint ot tax imposed on proiierty of like description liy the State.” The lir-.t building xx'.is eri’cted on the nort he.ist side of t he |>resent campus and knoxxii as the “.Academy.” 1 1 xxas of xxood and has long since been torn down. The first building for collegiate |)iir|)o.sx's iiro[)er xxas jnit tip in 1817. This is, therefore, the oldest structure oi the kind in the entire Xorthxxest, if not xxest ot the .Alleghenies. It is three stories higli aboxe the ba.sement and, though soniew h.it remodeled txxeiitx'-lixe xears ago, is substantially the original btiilding and is still in tise. Txventy years later two additional buildings, also of brick, xxere put up. In 1,8,81 xxh.it xxas for a time knoxxn as the “('hapel Building” was erected and subse(|iienl ly renioxed to its present site in ordi'r to m.ike room for Hxxing Hall. Though the Hnix-ersity was chartered in 1804, no instruction XX. is gixen until ISO'.l. In June, 1.80,8, the Board laid mtt a course of instruction xxhich etnbraced the Hnglish, Latin and Greek lan- gu.iges, M.itheniatics, Rethoric, Logic. Heographx-, Xatural and Moral Philosophy. One year later, xvhen the school xxaas formally opeiied, but three sttideiits jiresetited themseixes. 4'his is not sur|)rising xx hen xve consider the s])areness and poxerty of the newcomers on the soil of Ohio. It seemed a ii.iradoxic.il .scheme to establish a unix-ersity before preparatory schools had been ])roxided, x’et this has beeti the historx' of edtication from the remotest times — the higher has alxxaxs itrecedeil the loxxer, though the latter did not .ilxxaxs ai)]iear. b'orsome xears the Lnixersitx- had bitt one instritctor, the Riw. J.icob Lindley, a gradtiate of Darmouth. As money for tuitions XX'. is scarce, the trustees decided that hemp, beet and pork xxoiild be accejited in lieu of money. There xxas no scales in toxxm xxdth xvhich to xxeigh the produce, and if there xxas a disagreement a committee of arbitration xxas .selected from the citizens of Athens. The groxvth ol the college xxas necessarilx' sloxxa but the institution steadilx' grexv in faxor with the citizenship of the State. In 1812 Artemas S.ixx-\er, a gradu.ite of Il.irx'.ird, w.as added as a secotul teacher, and si.\ xears later a third xxas added. The first graduate was Thomas I'.xxing, xxho xxas probablx' the first person to receixe a college diploma in all Western .Air.erica. This document was dated 1815. I'he distingtiished subsetpient career of Mr. Lxving is xvell kncjxvn. It is identified not only xvith the history of Ohio, btit xvith that of the nation. The rexetuies of the Lnixersity xvere at first xx-rx' small, but thex' xvottld in time haxx* increased to a respectable sum, as tlu' txxd toxvimhips aboye named contain nearly fifty thousand acres. Lnforttmately the Legislature interfered to prexxnt the rexal- u.ition of its latids, notxvithstanding the decisions of the xarious cotirts, so that the income from the rent du]fficate is and xvill remain at less th.in thirtx--fixe thousand dollars per annum. The Legislatixx* act of 1.843 dealt the Lnixersity a bloxv from xxhich it has nexxr fiillx' recoxered. The loss ot rex entie it caused may be estimated bx- the folloxving statement : .\ccording to the decetmial appraisement of 11)00, the x-altie of the land xvas, exchtsix-e of improx-ements and inclusiye of road- beds of railroaiL SI ,350, (il 5. Six per cent of this amount xvoiild gix e an annual income of 881,370.90. 'Loxvard the close of the -exeiities, the Legislattire began to make annual appropriations for the support of the Lniyersity, and, in 1890, enacted the so-called "Sleeiier Bill,” xvhich for some years gax'e the Ohio I'nix-ersicy a yearlx- rexenue of about thirty-fix-e thousand dollars The "Seese rilE BOOK OF OHIO. 1251 Bill,” passed at the regular session of 19U2, made pro\’ision for a State Normal College in connection with the ^ni^■ersity, and ga\-e for its support an annual revenue of about $38,000. More recent legislation gives the University and the State Normal t'ollege a fixed annual income of $100,000. Special appropriations of an equal amount are made from year to year by the Legislature. The total yearly revenue of the University, from all sources, is approximately $250,000. Though the College had been gi\-en instruction from 1809, under the charge successi\-ely of Rev. Jacob Lindley and Rev. James Irvine, its first President, as he is usually designed, was not elected until 1824, when Robert G. Wilson, a native of North Carolina, and a graduate of Dickinson College, was chosen to fill the position. His successor was the well known Dr. William H. McGuffey. For a few years, dating from 1845, owing to financial embarrassments, the institution was closed, but in 1848 it was reopened under the Presidency of Dr. Alfred Ryors. Dating from 1852, Dr. Solomon Howard was President for twenty years, and was succeeded by Dr. \\k H. Scott. From 1883 to 1901, Dr. Charles W. Super was at the head of the institution with the exception of two years, 1890 to 1898, when the position was held b\- Dr. Isaac Crook. The term of the present incumbent. Dr. Alston Ellis, began on the ISth of July, 1901. Since then the state has made reparation for its former dereliction in the appropriation of money for the erection of buildings of the most modern type. These have changed materially the appearance of the Uni\-ersity grounds. Instead of the old center Building, erected in 1817, the oldest college edifice now standing west of the Allegheny Mountains, and the two “wings,” Iniilt in the “thirties,” there are now tweh-e buildings at the disposition of the University. The institution has been co-educational since 1870. Ohio Unh-ersity has long been recognized, and rightly, too, as the “poor boy’s school.” The authorities maintain with show of evidence that any young man or woman can graduate here with less expenditure of money than in any other college in Ohio. The graduates of the Qhio University are admitted without question to graduate work in the larger institutions of the countr>-. The government is by a Board of nineteen Trustees appointed for life by the Go\-ernor of the State, and confirmed by the Senate. In addition the Governor of Ohio and the President of the Uni\-ersity are members ex-officio, the latter being also President of the Board of Trustees. Something of institutional growth is shown in what follows: \'alue of grounds and buildings •$1,200,00 \ffilue of equipment 175,000 Annual income 250,000 Number of graduates. College of Liberal Arts 702 Number of different students, college \’ear 1910-1911 1,687 Members of teaching staff 7,5 The nature and range of the instruction given in the Unix'crsitv ma\- be seen from the following statements: A. THE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS. 1 C'ourses and Degrees: a. Liberal Arts C'ourse, A. B. Degree. b. Scientific Course, B. S. Degree. c. Philosophical Course, B. Ph. Degree. 2. Departments: a. Engineering Department. Civil and Electrical. b. School of Commerce. c. College of Music. d. Art Department. e. The State Preparatory School. f. School of Oratorv. B. THE STATE NORMAL COLLEGE. 1. Courses and Degrees: a. Normal Preparatory Course. b. Course in Elementary Education, Diploma. c. Cotirse for Secondary Teachers. B. Ped. Degree. d. C'ourse for Principals and Superintendents, B. Ped. Degree, c. Course for College Graduates, B. Ped. Depree. 2. Departments: a. State Training School. b. The Kindergarten Department, Diploma. c. Public School Music Department, Diploma. d. Public School .Lrt Department, Diitloma. e. Rural Training Department, Certificate or Diploma. 1. Manual Training Department, C'ertificate or Diploma. g. Domestic Science Department, Certificate or Diploma. h. Department of Elementary Science and Agriculture, Certificate or Diploma. Alston Ellis, Uni\'ersity President, born January 26th, 1847, in Kenton County, Kentucky, son of Absalom and Mary Ellis, was educated at Miami University, receiving B. S. degree in 1865; A. B. in 1867, and A. M. in 1872. (Also holds degree of Hon. Ph. D. University of Wooster, 1879; Ohio State University, 1887; LL. I)., Ohio State, 1890, and Miami, 1894). He married July 23rd, 1867, Katherine .Anne Cox. In the same year he was Principal of the Second District School, Co\ington, Kentucky, 1867-1868; Cabot Street School, Newport, Kentucky, 1868-1871; Superintendent of Public Schools, Hamilton, Ohio, 1871-1779, and again from 1887 to 1892; from 1880 to 1887, Superintendent of Public Schools, Sandusky, Ohio. President of the State .Agricultural College, Fort Collins, Colorado, 1892-1900; Director Colorado Experiment Station, 1893-1900; President Ohio University, .Athens, Ohio, since July 18th, 1901. Mem- ber Board of Trustees Ohio State Uni\-ersity. 1878-1883; Oxford (Ohio) Female College, 1874-1887; Orator Phi Delta Theta Con- servatory, Indianapolis, 1880. .Annual address before Literary Society of Aliami 1 ni\’ersit\', 1888; Col. Teachers’ .Association, 1893; Ohio Teachers .Association, 1895; Kentucky Teachers’ .Association, 1904. Colonel on Staff of Governor of C'olorado. Life member Victoria Institute, Philosophical Society of Great Britain since 1887. Alember of Ohio State Board of School E.xaminers from 1875 to 1879 and 1887 to 1892; President of the Ohio Superintendent’s .Association, 1875; Ohio Teachers’ Association. 1888; Ohio College .Association, 1892-1893; Coll. Secretary of Colorado Teachers’ .Association, 1894; President, Coll. Secretary and First Vice-President General .Association, twelfth con\’ention ot .American C'olleges and Experiment Stations, W ashington, 1898; President Ohio Speech- .Arts .Association since 1904; .Author of History of L ngraded Schools of Ohio, and numerous published educational reports, addresses, etc. Residence, .Athens, Ohio. — (From “H7;u is Who in America.”) 1252 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Edwin Watts Chubb, I )f.in of tlu- ('ollc-ge of Liberal Arts, Ohio ( ’nixersit^-, Athens, Ohio, was born on the ‘ioth of August, 18bo, at Leltanon, Pa. His l)arenls, Re\'. S. S. Chubb and Catherine Watts Chub!), were nati\-es of the State of Pennsyl\ania. Dr. Chubb was educated at l.ala\a‘lte College, Penns\l\ania, and at the rni\(“rsity of l^erlin, graduating from Lafayette College in 1887. He holds the degrees of .\. P., ,\. M. and Litt 1 ). Dr. Chubb is the author of Lnglish-Words, Bardeen publications, and Stories of Authors, Sturgis and Walton. SocialK', he is a member of the Masonic h'raternit\’. He was married on the 14th ot Jttly, 1892, to Miss Lve C. Downer, at Monongahela, I’a. 'Fwo children, Catherine and IMwin, ha\e blessed their union. The family attend the Methodist Episcopal ('luirch. Dr. ( htibb resich's at 1 IS South Court Street, Athens, Ohio. I'be Obio Mechanics Institute, Located at Cincinnati, was founded in 1S2S. Its early work was in harmony with the work of similar instittitions in Edinburg, Scotland; London, England, and their American cotmter j)arts in .\ew \’ork, Philadeli)hia and Baltimore. During the earlier years of the existence of this Instittition its method of instruction was largely by means of lectures and had for its sttident i)ody the young business men who found it important in the estab- lishment of new indtistrial enterjtrises to |)ossess more thorough knowledge of the aitplied sciences. In 1831 the Instittite acc|uired a library which had been organized some years prex’ious by another society and dexeloped this in conjunction with its lecture work into th(‘ first acli\e circulating library of the city, maintaining it through membership fees until about 18,')(i, when a comI)ination was effected with the Public Library, which at that time came to the front as an acti\e factor in public education. In 1838 the Institute established the Cincinnati Industrial Exhibitions, which continued almost without inter- ruption until the Itreaking out of the Ci\'il War. Eighteen of these exhiltitions were held and the success was so marked that the city of Cincinnati profited very largely by this means and became not only better known throughout the country as an industrial center, but owes mtich of its present high standing to the conscientious efforts of the citizens during those earlier years. In order to develop more fully the technical instruc- tion which the Instittite had undertaken to ])ro\ ide, regular evening classes in the graphic arts were established in 18o(L Xew departments were added from time to time as de- mand arose, and in spite of the C'icil W'ar and other influences that at times interfered, there has never been a break in the maintenance of the Evening School. In the earlier \ears the attendance ranged from one hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty, most of these stLiflents preparing themselves for work in the machine shops, for the various different lines of lithograjihy, trade design and other specialties in applied art. It may be tiuit the systematic art instruction during the earlier period prepared the way for the more comprehensi\e work taken up McMicken .Art Academy and the present Art Academy at Cincinnati Mnsetim, 'Fhe Ohio Mechanics Institute has through \’ belong u[)on the jiayment of the stipulated fee, in accordance with the by-laws of the Society. No benefit, however, can accrue through the ]tro])erty held Ity the organization to any indi\'idual member or Director. The entire income must be dexoted to the dissemination of tiseful knowledge and the edtication of skillerl artisians. 'Fhe location of the new Instittite is at the northeast corner of Walnut Street and Canal, extending from Walnut Street to C'lay Stix’et, tind from Canal to Wilkxmiacky Alley. 'I he building covers a ground area of more than 40, ()()() square feet. As a part of this building there is a xerx' commodiotis hall, seating eighteen hundred persons, known as Emery Auditorium. In addition to the tistial sh()])s and laboratories, there will be an extensixe I ndtistrial Museum. 1 1 is the intention of the management to increase this Museum collection until it may, in course of time, fill a separate building and lie a x-altiable adjunct in the further development along the lines of applied science and art. The total attendance of students during the season of 1908-1909 xvas about fourteen hundred. The capacitx- of the nexv building, xxhen in comixlete oiteration, xxdll be ox'er four thotisand. JOHN I.- SHl-ARl'.K branches of the btiilding trades and lor di asserted alsi later bx’ the The Cincinnati Veterinary College, An Instittition of xvell established re]Hitation and merits, xvas organized and incorporated under the laxvs of Ohio, in 1900. Its growth and dex elopment has been more than satisfactory to its founders and friends and the enrollment has groxvn larger each year. During the last session one hundred and fourteen students xvere in attendance. Three buildings, especially built for their purposes, are used bv the College. Txvo additional buildings xvill be erected in the near future, a certain sign of the prosperity of the Cincinnati A’eterinarv College. The txvo main btiildings are on opposite street corners, on Spring Grove Avenue, Cincinnati, opposite the Stock A’ards, an ideal location for a college of that kind. ( )ne of the main buildings contains offices, class rooms and laboratories. The other contains the clinical amphitheatre, pharmacy and hospital. The class rooms are fitted up xvith numbered desks and chairs. In the laFioratories each student has his oxvn desk, ecpiipped xvith hydrant, sink, gas and a locker for his utensils, together with all necessary ai>i)arattis, incltiding a microscope and material needed in his xvork. The clinical amphitheatre has two balconies which .seat one hundred students in front roxv so that exery student is close to and can see every detail in clinical xvork being done. Seniors occti])X’ the loxver balcony and juniors the upper one. The hospital is constructed entirely of steel, concrete and brick, and in such a xvay that complete isolation of patients and absolute disinfection is possible. A building to be used exclusix-ely for dissecting purposes is in THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1253 course of construction. Sixty-three acres of good pasture land was recently acciuired bv the College. This will be used for veterinar\- research work and as an annex to the hos- pital, where a large number of animals may Ije kept while undergoing treatment for chronic conditions. The farm is close enough to permit of animals being taken to the clinic for demonstraticm and treatment. The College was built on the cottage plan for the reason that all the wcjrk of a veterinary curriculum cannot well be done under one roof. Sick horses, dogs and other animals should mjt be kept in the same building, with class rooms and laboratories; nor should the dissecting rcjom be under the same roof with either hospital or school rooms. For sanitary reasons it must be isolated. Again it is better to have the “Bum Rooms" and gymnasium in a sejiarate building in order that students may have all possible liberty during recreation hours without disturbing other students at study in the class rooms or laboratories, or the patients in the hospital. With four properly constructed and well equi]:iped buildings and a stock farm, such as the Cincinnati Veterinary College has, a \eterinary course can be gi\en under ideal con- ditions. The location of the College, right in the midst of a number of large sale stables and opposite the Cincinnati Union Stock Yards, is an ideal one for a veterinary school. Hundreds of horses, mules, cattle, sheep and hogs are handled at these yards daily and from among these, clinical material in abundance can be obtained. A free clinic is main- tained for the purpose of getting material that can be operated on and treated by the stutlent. These free clinics are kept up all year and they are now well established and freely patronized. Se\-eral large packing houses in the immediate neighborhood of the College, where federal veterinary inspectors are stationed, will gi\-e students an oppor- tunity to become familiar with practical meat inspection as conducted by the federal go\'ernment. In 1008, the United States Department of Agriculture made regulations, hxing a minimum standard of requirements for veterinary colleges desiring to cpialify their graduates for the position of veterinary inspector in the department. The Cincinnati \ eterinary College has complied with these regulations. Thirty-six graduates of the College are now filling the position mentioned, and not a single graduate has yet failed to cjualify for the position through Civil Serx ice examination. In the classification of Wterinary Colleges l)y the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, the Cincinnati Veterinary College ranks in class “A,” Graduates of the College are therefore eligible to exam- ination and appointment to the position mentioned, and they are also eligible to membership in the American Wterinary Medical Associatifjn. The veterinarx’ profession is still young, and its importance is not yet fully appreciated, but its intimate relation to the public health and to the enormous lix’e stock industry of this country assures groxvth and prestige, commensurate xxdth its im- portance. At no time xvere x'eterinarians more in demand than today. Practitioners are needed almost ex’eryxx here, and it xx ill be many years before the x’eterinary profession Ijecomes as croxx'ded as the other professions are at present. A comparatix'ely nexx- field for the x'eterinarian is rapidly dex-eloping; that of meat, milk and dairy inspection and other lix’e stock sanitary xxork. It is safe to say that in a fexv years this work alone will require more x'eterinarians than are noxv in practice. Another factor in the dex'elopment and elex’ation of the x'eterinary profession is that the xeterinary quack, xx'ho has done the bulk of the x'eterinary xx'ork in the past, has had his day. The public today demands a college trained man for xeterinary xx'ork. The scarcity of graduated x'eterinarians is alone responsible for the continuance of x'eterinary quakery. Lix'e stock owners hax'e learned from costly experience that it pax's to employ a ciualified man only, and also that it is more humane to trust the care of suffering animals to educated and skilled persons. The development of jxublic appreciation of the x'alue of competent x'eterinary serx'ice xx ill create a demand for many times as niaiix' x'et- erinarians as this country has at the present time. The x'eterinary profession offers profitable employment to x’oung men and a con- genial x'ocation to those xx'ho are fond of animals and out-door xx'ork. The faculty of the Cincinnati Wterinary C'ollege consists of men, pre-eminently fitted for their positions. Louis P. Cook, I). \h S., President of the C'ollege and dean of the faculty, was born on the 24th of August, 1868, at C'incinnati, in xxhich city he obtained his education in the ])ublic schools. Later he attended the Ohio Wterinary C'ollege, trom which he graduated' xx'ith the degree of Doctor (jt Wterinary Surgery. He xvas a practicing Wterinarian at Cincinnati, Ohio, and Veterinary Inspector in the Ihiited States Department of Agriculture. In 1604, Dr. C'ook xxas appointed by Cox'ernor Herrick a member of the Ohio State Board of Wterinary E.xaminers, a p(jsition he still holds. For ten years past, he is President of the Association of Veterinary Faculties and Fxaming Board of North America. 4 he course of instruction in the Cincinnati Veterinary C'ollege is graded and extends ox'er three sessions. The session opens in September of each year and contains one hundred and sixty school days. Applicants for admission must pass an examination in spelling, arithmietic, letter xx riting. penman- ship, copying from plain copy. United States history and geography of the United States and its possessions; except graduates of recognized high schools w'ho are eligible xxithout examination. C'andidates for the degree of Doctor of Wterinary Medicine must be at least twenty-one years of age; must hax'e attended three full sessions, and must [xass a satistactorx' examination in each subject taught in this C'ollege. T. M. Sullivan, W as born in LlkIIow, \ermont, on May 1st, 1846. W hile he xxas x'et an intiint his jiarents remoxed to Sijringfield, ()hio, xvhere his father, xvho xvas a C'ix il Engineer, died at the early age of thirty-three years, and xvhen the subject of this sketch xxas but fix'e years of age. .'Cfter the death of his lather, his mother, xvith her family of three young children, remox'ed to Bellefontaine, Ohio, and on a farm adjoining the corporate limits of that beautiful and thrix'ing city, Mr. Sullix'an xvas reared. After attaint g his majority, hax'ing but little taste, and less physical strength, for the drudgery of the farnt, he entered tipon the studx' of Pharmacx', xxhich he prosecuted with such x'igor and thoroughness that he was soon regarded as one of the most competent Pharmacists in C'entral Ohio. In 1878 he xvas married to Miss Martha J. Arnold, of Bellefontaine, a beautiful and accomplished lady, xvho has prox'cd to be a great helpmeet to him, and in about a year therealter he xvent to Washington, D. C., to enter upon Cox'ernment serx ice, xvhere he has since remained, and is noxv one of the most proficient clerks in the W'ar Department, hax'ing obtained his present position through Cix'il Serxdce rules. He is an indefatigable and pains-taking xvorker, and nex'cr spares himself any laltor necessarx' to accomplish a purpose. He is an omnivorous reader ot the best literature, and all his spare time is spent in the pertisal of the books in his well- stocked library. He is a Republican of the stalwart type, and has given unfaltering support to the princijdes and candidates of the Republican party for many years, and every County in (4hio has had the benefit of his incessant labors for the success of the party. Soon after he arrived in Washington, the Presidential campaign of 1880 opened up. He afi.liattd with ether Ohio Republicans in Washington, and as the work of the Garfield and Arthur campaign progressed, they organized the Ohio Republican .Association, of [VR L. P. COOK. 1254 THE BOOK OF OHIO. Wash inj^t( 111 , with liis k-llow townsman, J ndjic William I.awrnnce, at that time ( om]> trollcr of tile 'FreastirN', as I’resident. hVom tluit da\- to this, Mr. Snlli\an has been one of the most acti\e meml its of that splendid ort^anization of Bneke\es. He is the anthor of its ( 'onstittition and U\-l.a\\s, as also that ot the I .eatt;tie ol Kepnbliean State Clubs, lie is also an aelixf worker in se\eral of \\ ashinttton’s bitirar\' ( lubs. 1 k‘ has always re.uarded it a patriotic dut\- to e.\t'rcise the right of franchise, and he has btit little use for the man who does not so rc'gard it, and lor that reason he newer tails to go home to ()hio to \'ote, and I ecatise of his ])olitie'al acti\it\’ he lost his iiosition (hiring both of the ( 'le\cland administrations. Ifnt he has newer sto])|)e-d to re‘tali;ite‘ n])on those who caitsed him to lose it. In fact, lu' has aide-d as many I temiocrats as he ewer has Republicans. After the- election to the Rre-sidemew' of William Me Kinlew', he, with otlu'rs, reorganized the' ()hio Republican .\ssociat ion. Ik' was ele'ete'd its Seeretary, and he held that im|)ortant position lor li\e conse'cntiee te'iins, ditring whiedi time the' membershii) in- creased from lhirt\ -ii\e' to two lumdred and nine't\--fi\e' members. ( )n aeTonnt ol the prodigious amount ol work he- perlormed while- he was Se'cretary, he was e'k'e'ted President of the organization, .md he is now the re'i)re'se-ntali\e' ol the Assoeiation on th.e Ic.xeeTttiee ( ■oininit te-e- of the l.eagite of Re-pnl ilie'an State' Chibs. Mr. Sullix an is e-onsidered an aiithorit\- on |)olitical, as we-11 as ( )hio matters, in Washington, and he is e'\er reaely and willing to aid an\- one in ne-ed ol assistance', e'S|ieciall\' it the\' hail Irom ()hio. He is a close student ol e'conomical xxa^ the first sxstematic xvork done iii Ohio for local option. He prosecuted the work, and xxdien the Legislature met early in IN.XN, the toxvnshi]) bill xvas jmshed through the house by a narroxv margin and passed the Senate l)y one vote. This e.x])erience demonstrated to Mr. Ru>^ell the practicability of a permanent and state-xvide mox’ement for other measures. He suggested this THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1255 January 1. January I. 1910. OHIO '-WET" AND "DR'T' TERRITORIAL MAP, Ohio County Unit Map, Sept. 1. I9jy, Ohio County L'nit Map. Jan. I. 1908. COUNTY OPTION PROGRESS IN OHIO. when he made his hnal report to his Oberlin l)ackers, but m^thing came of It at that time. Air. Russell s work took him to Ivansas t it\' and ( hicago, but in 1892 he again addressed the citizens of Oberlin, urging action. Sev- eral conferences were held and on May 24, 189.3, the Oberlin 'Femperance Alliance voted to stand back of the proiiosition and haw* Mr, Russell introduce the movement to the people of the state. Then the meeting of June 4th was held. This was a union meeting of all the churches of Oberlin and was held in the Old First Congregational Church. Dr. Russell declared that June e\ening that the time -was ripe for a more powerful organization in Ohio than any that was then antagonizing the traffic. He pointed out that the saloons were increasing three times as fast as the population and insisted that the churches should federate and become responsible for a permanent and aggressi\-e anti-liquor league. The Anti- Saloon League was founded on a platform which appealed to many men of all parties and all creeds. In substance they declared that while they had their differences along denominatioral and political lines they were agreed that the American saloon is a bad institution and must go. The>- declared they would federate all the evangelical denominations and establish an organizatif n cf these federated churches which should haw* one thing to do, and that to fight to the death the saloon. This platform appealed to- many peo]tle. Two years and a half later, at a meeting in the city of Wash- ington, the Anti-Saloon League of America was formed and the organ- ization is now in operation in practically ew*ry state and territory, modeled after the Ohio plan. The national headquarters are at \A ester\ ille, a suburb of Columbus, Ohio, where is also located the national publishing house of the League in which are printed a half milliim copies of the Amer- ican Issue each month besides tons of literature which goes to all parts of the country. When the .Anti Saloon League was organized in 1893, there were 11,740 saloons in Ohio, and the numlier was increasing at the rate of fi^■e hundred a year. The fact that she has fewer than 7,000 is itroof positive that at the same time there were aliout one hun- dred and fifty dry villages in the state and three hundred and fifty townships had prohibited the saloon under the Heattv law. Although the League was launched at the organization of the churches, many churches would not open their doors or if thev did so the league speakers were coldly received. There bad been so many temperance movements which promised MUC'H and accomplished LITTLF, that the people were slow to respond. For two or three years apparently little was done and \-et in reality these were bus\' years, for it was the planting of the seed which has since grown into an abundant har\'est. The winter following the Oberlin meet- ing headciuarters were established in Columbus. That same year a municipal local option bill was introduced in the General .Assemlilv It received scant attention and scarcely created a ripple in legislatix’c* circles. But that winter the wheels began to revoK'e. .A few people who had faith in the new movement and money to back their faith contributed sufficient funds to keep going the work of ao-i- tation and education. The first work of the Ohio League was to create and educate public sentiment. This was done through public meetings and the dissemination of literature. Several years passed by before it was possible t<; secure legislation. Fi\e times the League went to defeat in an effort to ha\-e passed a municipal local option law. Fach time, howexer, the vote on the bills showed marked progress over the years before. When the General .Assembly met in 19U3 it faced a record which caused the ir.embers to take notice. One half the members who voted for the municipal local option bill in the prexaous legislature were returned, while fewer than a fourth of those who voted with the liquor interests were re-elected. Politicians of both parties saw there was a new power to reckon with, and that power was the people themsehes. In that year the Beal municipal local option liill biecame a law, gixing the x'oters of the city, town or village the right to decide if they would maintain the saloons. This was a great x'ictorx'. While the township unit was preserved a larger unit was provided. The liquor forces which up to that time had looked upon the League with contempt and slightly referred to it, now biegan to grow serious and to understand thex* xvere facing a foe xvhich xvas getting results. The same General .Assembly xvhich enacted the Beal laxv changed the Sunday closing laxv and made it more enforceable, gaxe greater poxver to municipalities to regulate saloons through their councils and also passed a laxv making it possible to more easilx' en- force the toxvnship option laxv. During the folloxving txvo years the fight xxent on, and many toxvns and x illages x'oted out the saloons. A residence district local option bill xvas introdux'ed under xvhich saloons could be drix'en out from among the homes in residential sections of the cities and larger toxvns of the state, xvhen a majority of the x'oters in such districts so decreed. Fntil the Beal bill xvas biefore the Legislature, hearings on a temperance measure before the committees of the General .Assemblv xvere attended by but fexv persons. Arguments in their behalf xvere made by representatix'es of the League or ministers. This xvas because citizens gen- erally were not aroused and only mildly interested. But organized effort and persistent agitation bore fruit, and xvhen the Beal and Bran- ncck bills xvere discussed before legislative committees, there journeyed to Columbus from all parts of the state, business men, manu- facturers, judges, laxvyers, physicians, members of organized labor — and they xvere there not merely as spectators but to urge and de- mand the enactment of these bills into laxx's or their defeat. When the Brannock residence district bill xvas introduced the liquor dealers of the state declared thev had been promised that no lurther temperance legislation xvould be enacted. But the temperance people xvere determined the bill should pass and a majority of the Legislature xvas xvilling to give it to the people. .A measure satisfactory to the voters passed both house and Senate, but the Governor refused to sanction it and explicitly declared that if it xvas not changed as he suggested he xvould x'eto it. The Legislature therefore amended the laxv according to the xvishes of the Governor. What folloxved forms one of the most interesting cha[iters in the political history of Ohio. The Governor xvas renominated. When he xvas first elected his majoritv xvas 113,U()0. In his second campaign he xvas defeated by more than 40,000, while the remainder of the Republican ticket xvas elected bx* majorities of upxvards of 40,000. Folloxving the enactment of the residence district laxv came the passage of xvhat is knoxvn as the speakeasx’ and blind tiger laxv. Ibis laxv is a x'ery effective law enforcement measure, and is a ]x)xx’erful aid in cleaning up “drx'” territory. It proxddes for search and seizure of liquor in “dry territory; tor compelling public records to be made bx’ druggists in “drx'“ territory: pre- venting doctors from xvriting prescriptions tor tiex’erage purposes: preventing shipments of liciuor in drx' territorx* under fictitious name- and titles; prex'enting delay in the trial and procedure of liciuor cases in court: e.xtending jurisdiction to common pleas and probate judges to try local option cases xvithout jury, and gixung council power to employ secret serxace officers. Under the prox'isicxns of 12 :)() THE BOOK OF OHIO. tills I ,i\v it is [Kissilile to fnlorct- tlu- local o|)lioii laws in c\er\' ''(lr\-” coinmunity. 'riierc was also cncated what is known as the nnisance law under which a s|)eakeas\- ina\’ he abated as a nuisance. A law was also passed prohiliiting clubs where lic|uor is sold in ’‘(IrN " lerrilor\-, also prohibiting the soliciting ol orders for liciuor in "dr\'" lerritor\' and authorizing the prosecuting attorney and Probate judge to hire detecti\-es in a “dry" couni\-. The last three laws succeeded the enactment of the county option law, wdiich, up to dale, has bi-en the crowning \ ictor\- of t he leniperance forces of ihe state. These laws were drafted by attorneys for the League ,ind (U-tended by them in the <'ourts and ha\e been upheld. The local ojition laws ha\e been carried to the Supreme Court of the St.ite and ol the I’nited States, and ha\e been held \alid b\- these judicial tribunals. .\s public sentiment against the saloon grew, the temperance jx'ople demanded a larger local option unit. They were not content with the township, the numieipalitt’ and the cit\' residence district, they wanted county option. The Anti-Saloon League pre|)ared to earrt’ out the wishes of their friends, and the county option bill was introduced. Then a battle was fought before the Legislature, besides which all ])re\ious contests were mere skirmishes, and the result was that in the s]tring of 1908 the Rose County oi)tion bill became a law. d'he law went into efiect the hrst day of Se[)teml)er, lf)08. The hrst elections were held on the 20th of that month. Within ninet\' dat’s Irom that date, sixty-si.\ counties had voted and .Iti had t’oted “dry.” Siitce then other counties \'oli'd and man\- more billowed the e.\am]ile set b>- other “dry^’ counties. In 1911 almost L'lOO of the 1370 ’ townships of the state were “dr\’,“ and about 000 \ illages and cities were without saloons. 0\’er ninet\’ per cent of the territory of the state was without an ojien saloon, and more than si.\t\' |ier cent ol the |ieo])le li\ed in saloonless territory. In 1893, when the Anti-Saloon League was lornu'd, ( )hio had three hundia'd and two saloons tor each 100,000 inhabitants, while in 1911 there are fewer than one hundred and filt\' lor each 100,000. 'Flu- county option campaigns were a surprise to both the licpior men and the temperance people. The campaign was \vry heated. I lu re were parade's in which men, women and children participated, and fe\’er heat was maintained until the ballots we'te in the boxes and counted. The interest taken in these campaigns and elections can be imagined front the fact that in most of these counl\' contests the total tolc' |)olled exceeded the t’ole cast for President the same year. The arguments ad\anced by both sides in these campaigns covered the ground thoroughly. The so-call('d liberal forces at once started a movement to repetd or amend the count\' o|)tion law. The [ilacing of so many counties in the dr>' column alarmed them. FA-en while the.se counties tvere x'oting, and before the people had any oiiportunitt' to pass on the merits and demerits of the law, the Iriends of the Personal Liberty Leagite were strengthening their organizations and getting read>- for tin- o|H'ihng of the Legislature, which met the first Monday in January, 1910. The general Assembly had hardly con- \eiel before the e.xpt'cted bill was introduced in the Senate. It iirojxised to amend the county 0 ])tion law by e.xempting from its pro\ ision>, cities and \ illages which returned w(‘l majorities. A hard hght was made for the jiassage of this bill. C( uncils in a few towns ]K'titioned the Legislature to jiass tlu' bill, am.ending the law claiming their municipalities would become bankrupt under its ojieration. 'Fhe bill to amend the count\' option law was introduced in the Senate. But the Legislature took the view that the law' had not had a fair trial, and that, after a fair trial if the jieople wanted it amended or repealed they would make their wants known. At llu' same session, and as a com|).mion piece to the bill amending the county option law, another measure was introduced. It w.is known as the I )ean characti-r bill and was fathered by Senator Dean. It |)as,sed the Senate, but in the house the Anti-Saloon LeagiU' had some amendments addc'd to it, prohibiting soliciting in dry lerrit(.>ry and also authorizing prosecuting attorneys and lirobate judges to aiipoinl sjiecial officers to run down licpior law violators, d'he so-called liberal forces fought the amendments, but thi'\- were adojited. When the Legislature con\'ened in January, 1910, another effort was made to amend the county option law. .\ bill was introduced in the Senate, striking municipalities from the provisions of the law, but again w’as the bill defeated. In 1911, three tears having exjiired since the first election under the Rose C'ounty Local Option Laws, the agitation for “wet” or “dr\',” again took hold among the supporters of both sides of the important ciuestion. In many counties local option elections were again held, and this time the result of the first election was reversed in a great many cases. Fhe State of Ohio is di\ ided into six districts by the Anti-Saloon League, with headcpiarters at Cincinnati, Dayton, Toledo, Clexeland, Canton and .Athens. 'Fhis division is made for the better conduct of the work. In the history cjf the Ohio League there has been but three Suiierinlendents, Howard II. Russell, P. A. Baker, D. D., now Ceneral Superintendent of the Cincinnati Saloon League of .America, and Wat iie B. W heeler. .A Headcpiarters Committee and a Board of Trustees control the policy of the league. 'Fhe officers of the Ohio .Anti-Saloon League (in 1910) are as follows: S'F.A'FK Oh'F'ICKRS.- President, Dr. Ifmor\- W. Hunt, Cranxille, Ohio; Vice-President, George D. Selby, Portsmouth, Ohio; Recording Secretary, Richard .Ackland, 44 .\. Front Street, Columlnis, Ohio; Legal .Attorneys, W. B. W'heeler, Columbus, Ohio; J. .A. White, Columbus, Ohio; G. W'. C'rabbe, Dayton, Ohio; ('has. M. Earhart, Cleveland, Ohio; Superintendent, W'. B. Wheeler, 610 New Havden Bldg., ('oltimbus, Ohio; .Assistant Superintendent, .A. J. W'illiamson, Columbus, Ohio; Treasurer, R. S. Brock, 261 E. Rich Street, Columbus, Ohio; F. L. Dustman, Editor .American Issue, Ohio Edition. 1 1 E.ADOr.AR'FERS COMMFF'FEE. Lemuel D. Lilly, Columbus, Ohio; Richard Ackland, Columbus, Ohio; L. B. Cherrington, Columbus, Ohio; C. L. Dicke\', Columbus, Ohicj; Charles E. Burton, I). D., Columbus, Ohio. DIS'FRIC'F Sl'PERl N'Flf N I )ENTS.— Re\'. J. S. Rutledge, 516 The Arcade, Cleveland, Ohio; Rev. W. V. Marsh, 26 Eagle Block, Canton, Ohio: Rew J. Sanford, 432 .\asliy Bldg., Toledo, Ohio; Rev. C. W. Eldredge, 222 W. Fourth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio; G. W. Crablie, 502 Cnited Bank Building, Dayton, Ohio; Rev. L. .A. Patterson, 19 Bank Bldg., .Athens, Ohio. Herbert Leland Davis, M. D., Is a well known phvsician and surgeon of Cleveland, Ohio, in which city he was born and educated. His offices are at 723 Scho- field Building, Cleveland. Dr. Da\is is a prominent member of the Ohio National Guard, in which he holds the rank of Captain and .Assistant Surgeon. He enlisted in the Military body of Ohio on the 6th of February, 1902, as Captain and Assistant Surgeon, Light Batter>- .A, and was transferred to the Aledical Department on the 29th of .April, 1902. On the 25th of September, 1908, he w^as commissioned Cajitain of the Aledical Corps, Ohio National Guard, his rank dating from the 6th of Februaryp 1902, to conform with Generals Order, .No. 22, .A. G. D., 13th of Jidy, 1908. On the 1st of September, 1908, he was assigned to Battery A, Field Artillery, Ohio National Guard, per par 27, S. O. 139, of the 1st of September, 1 908. Dr Davis resides at 8808 Carnegie Ave., S. E., Cleveland, ( )hio. William J. Tanner, Of Cincinnati, Ex-County O'ommissioner of Hamilton County, who died February 13th, 1912, was one of the best known citizens of Cincinnati. William J. Tanner was born in Boston, Mass., in 1851. He came to this city' when a young man and engaged in busi- iH'ss with his uncle. Thomas Coughlin. He was the proprietor of the Chicago House Raising Company here, and his brother was associ- THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1257 ated with him in the Cincinnati office of this concern. Mr. Tanner was considered an e.xpert in this line' of work. One of the most difficult jobs he ever had in Cincinnati was the raising of the Gibson House some years ago, when the building was raised so as to make the ceiling of the lobby four feet higher. W'ith his uncle, Thomas Coughlin, he had charge of the raising of an entire business block some years ago, and this work attracted attention all over the country. The main office of this company was removed to Cincinnati some years ago, although a Chicago office is still maintained by his relatives. He was a member of the Cincinnati Builders’ Exchange. The office of County Commissioner was the only public position he ever filled. He was a lifelong Republican and had frequently been offered a place on the Republican ticket, but up to the fall of 1908 he always refused. He was nominated for County Commis- sioner in October, 1908. The next day after the Con\ention, Robert E. Edmondson, then a member of the Board, resigned in order that he might be qualified to become a candidate for County Auditor. Mr. Tanner was appointed to fill the vacancy. He was elected by a substantial plurality in 1908, and commenced his first term in September, 1909. This term would ha^•e expired in September, 1911. At the last election he was elected to succeed himself, receiving the highest \'ote of any of the three candidates on the Repub- lican ticket for County Commissioner. Mr Tanner was a charitable man and was identified with a number of charities. He was a devout member of the' Catholic Church. He was a Trustee of St. Joseph Orphans’ Asylum and a member of the Knights of Columbus. He was a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Cincinnati Eodge No. 5; the Eriendly Sons of St. Patrick; the Young Men’s Blaine Club and a number-of other organizations. He leaves a widow, who was Miss Mary O’Connor, of this citw Besides his brother, Thomas Tanner, who resided with him at 224 Nelson A\-enue, Mt. Auburn, most of his other relati^-es reside in Chicago, 111. Sherman D. Callender, Secretary of the Ohio Society of Detroit, was born at Hartsgrove, Ashtabula Count\-, Ohio, March 18th, 1869. He prepared for col- lege at New Lyme Institute, South New Lyme, Ohio, under Professor Jacob Tuckerman, who was for forty years a prominent educator in Ashtabula Coudty. He entered Oberlin College in 1891, from which institution he graduated with the degree of Ph. B., in class of 189.5, and then entered the Law College of Ohio State University, 1896, graduating with the degree of LL. B., 1898. He was admitted to practice by the Supreme Court of Ohio, June, 1898. In practice at Toledo, Ohio, for one year, when he remo\-ed to Detroit, Michigan, where he has since been one of the busy lawyers of that city, practicing in both State and Eederal Courts. He has l)een a member of the Ohio Society almost from its organization, and has been its Secretary for two years. James Wilson McMurray, M. D., Of Marion, Ohio, is one of the best known surgeons in the ranks of the Ohio National Guard. He was born on the 1st (rf September, 1867, at Marion, Ohio, the son of John \V. and Miner\-a Wilson McMurray, both natives of Ohio and of Scotch extraction. Dr. McMurray was educated in the public schools of Marion and Warren, Ohio, after which he entered Starling Medical College, Colum- bus, Ohio, graduating from this institution in 1897, with the degree of M. D. Dr. McMurray is prominently connected with the Ohio National Guard. He enlisted in 1897, in Company G, Eourth Regiment, and served during the Spanish-American Y’ar as Sergeant of his Company, taking part in the campaign of Porto Rico. In 1899 he was promoted to the Captaincy and Assistant Surgeon, and in June, 1900, to the rank of Major and Surgeon. Dr. McMurray resides at 317 East Centre Street, Marion, Ohio. Robert C. Georgi, Deceased, who during an active and useful life was one of the best known citizens of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on the 4th of March, 1846, in Delitsch, Prussia, the son of Edward Eranz Georgi, a cooper by trade, and Mrs. Theresa Georgi. The familv emigrated to the Ihiited States in 1854 and settled in Dayton, Ohio, where Mr. Georgi obtained his education in the public schools of that citw At the age of fourteen years he left school and entered the mercantile business, continuing in same until 1870, when he was ap- pointed Deputy Clerk of Montgomery County, Ohio. He held this position for a period of eight years, at the expiration of which time he resumed his mercantile pursuits, coming to C'incinnati shortly after. On the 10th of January, 1881, Mr. Georgi was a])pointed Chief Deputy Clerk of the Ihiited States Courts, at Cincinnati, a position he filled with credit to himself until the time of his demi.se. M r. Georgi had been a staunch Republican since he became of age. He always took an active interest in the affairs of the Oueen City and was a model citizen, plain and unassuming, upright in all his dealings and of a lovable character He was a prominent member of the K. of P. and the Red Men, having held the highest offices in these orders in Ohio. He was one of the Directors of the Ohio Turnbezirk, and one of the founders of the West Cincinnati Ttirnverin, in which organization he occupied the office of First Speaker. When eighteen years of age, in 1864, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty-First Ohio \’olunteer Infantry, ser\4ng until the close of the Civil War. He was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and of the George H. Thomas Post, ('incinnati. On December 14, 1871, Mr. Georgi was married to Miss Caroline Bobe, of Dayton, Ohio. Two sons and two daughters blessed their union, one of his sons being Mr. Arthur C. Georgi, a prominent lawyer of the Hamilton County Bar. IMr. Georgi closed his eartliK- career on the 9th of March, 1907, mourned l)y all who knew him. William John Williams, President of the Western & Southern Life Insurance Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, is a man conceded to be an authority on all (juestions pertaining to the business in which he is engaged. He is a native Cincinnatian, born on the Sth of March, 1858. His parents, Wil- liam G. Williams and Mary E. Williams, were nati\es of New York and Ireland, respecti\'cly. The parents ga\e their son the adwui- tages of a thorough education, and sent him, after passing through the public schools and Woodward High School, to St. Na\4er’s College. Subsequently he took a course of business instruction at the Nelson Business College at Cincinnati. Mr. Williams started into public life at the age of twenty years, filling the position of a clerk in a local insurance company, when he first acquired the knowledge of the business. By his own initiative he has forced his way to the front, until today he is one of the most important factors in the insurance business in the State of Ohio. In 1887, upon the organization of The Western and Southern Life Insurance Com- j)any of Cincinnati, Ohio, Mr. Williams was elected to the office of Secretary of that cor])oration, a position which he has filled with marked success until he succeeded Dr. Frank Caldwell to the offile of President in 1910. Mr. Williams is a man of pleasing atldress, with a kindly and courteous manner, thereby making a host of friends. As a business man he combines rare exectiti\e abilit\- with sound judgment and aggressiveness. Socially, he is a thirty-second degree Mason and a Knight Templar. In 1889, Mr. Williams was united in marriage to Miss Emma J. Morris, by which union he is the father of one son, Frank Caldwell Williams. 4'hc Home Office of The W’estern & Southern Life Insurance Company is located at the corner of Eourth Avenue and Broadwa}-. Cincinnati, Ohio. I2r)8 THE BOOK OF OHIO. 1 1 1 \i:ii:ii :i s S I R M l? Thaddeus Straub, Mayor of the eit>' cjf llaniilton, Ohio, and I'resident of the Board of Health and the Board of ('oiilrol, of (hat city, was born on the Kith of January, 1870, in Hamilton. His father, Joseph Stranb, was a native of Wuertemlierg, Cierman\', and had emigrated to the I'nited Stales about 1831), while the mttther, Mrs. Anna H. Straub, was born in Ohio. 'I'he hither was a coal, lime ami cement merchant at Hamilton for a period of about iwciily years, then retiretl and mo\'ed on his farm in Butler County. Mayor Straub w;is eductUed in the Hamilton public schools and the ( )hio Commercial College. At the age ot se\’enteen years he started in business life as a bookkeeper in the employ of the ('. H. tV' I). Railroad, occup>ing that position for a period of five years. He then went into the men's furnishing bitsiness. In 181)3 he was elected Treasurer of the Butler Count\- .Agricultural Society'. He was elected Auditor and (dty Clerk of Hamilton in 11)03, holding that ])osition until 11)07, when he was elected Mayor of Hamilton liy the hirgest majoril\' ever given to any Mayor of his native city. He was re-electetl in 1901). .Ma\or Stranb has always been a faithful Democrat and he has served his party often and well. Socialh’, he is a member of the F. (). K.; K. of P. and B. P. (). F. While a member ol the State Auditors Association he was elected State Treasurer of the organi- zation tind later was chosen Vice-President of that body. Upon his election as Mayor of Ihimilton, he was compelled to gU’e u]) his office as Vice-President, liut he still remains a social metnber of the State Auditors Association. Mayor Straub is also connected with the International Brotherhood of Bachelors, being a memlier in good standing. He resides at o(),3 South Second Street, Hamilton, ( )hio. .Pacob Schwarzkopf, ( )f I'oledo, ()hio, hhisign in the I'irst Btitliilion ( )hio X;i\al Milititi, was born on the 7th of January, 1884, at Bucyrus, Ohio. His lalher, J.icob Sch war/ko])l , was a nati\’e of Cermany, while his mother, Emma Seiser Schwarzkopf, was born in Ohio. Mr. Schwarz- kopf was educated in the ])ublic and high schools of Buct rits. At the age of seventeen years he enlisted in the United States Navy ,ind seiwed on the b;it t leships Fsse.x, Wisconsin, .\nna])olis and New A’ork. He saw service in Cuba and the Phillipines, and during the ti\c \ f.irs and three' months, ditring which he seiwed Uncle Sam he \isited the \arious jiarts of the w-orld. After his discharge, in IDD.'), alter lui\ing retitrned to his nati\'e slate and ha\ing settled in Toledo, he joined the Naval Militia, and in April, 1906, he wms promoted to the position ol hhisign. Mr. Schwarzkopf is engaged in the sail making luisiness. He is a Republican, and, socially, a member of tlu' Masonic h'niternil\'. His residence and jilace of business are located at 130 Fast Broadway, Toledo, Ohio. i . i t V* , V ■J; .'; « < 5 , fo. i^' ■’St; Ir Duke University Libraries D01149330L t