< 
 
 George Washington Flowers 
 Memorial Collection 
 
 DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 ESTABLISHED BY THE 
 FAMILY OF 
 
 COLONEL FLOWERS 
 

 € 
 
T H E 
 
 HISTORY OF FREEMASOMY 
 
 SOUTH CAKOLINA, 
 
 FROM ITS ORIGIN IN THE YEAR 1730 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 
 
 WRITTEN AT THE REQUEST OF THE GRAND LODGE OF 
 ANCIENT FREEMASONS OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 BY 
 
 ALBERT G. MACKEY, M.D., 
 
 GRAND SBOBBTART V THE (i R A N D LODfiE. 
 
 Author of a "Lexicon of Freemasonry," "Text Book of Masonic Jurisprudence, 
 
 a..-., Ac. 
 
 Historia, quoquo modo scripts, delectat— Punv. 
 
 COLUMBIA, S. 0.: 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINIAN STEAM POWER DRESS. 
 
 1861. 
 

 Tfl Xonc 
 
 : nil I more appropriately 
 
 DEDICATE 
 
 this Work 
 
 than to 
 
 MY BRETHREN OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 
 
 at whose reqiicat, 
 
 nnd 
 
 fdr whose entertainment and instruction, 
 
 it has been written ; 
 
 to them, therefore, 
 
 it is fraternally inscribed 
 
 BY 
 
 The Author. 
 
 fA 
 
PEEFACE. 
 
 The subject of the history of Freemasonry, in eacli distinct- 
 ive jurisdiction, has, for some years past, been considered as 
 of great importance by several of the American Grand 
 Lodges, and some of them had already carried the design into 
 effect before the present work was commenced. The Grand 
 Lodges of Ohio, Iowa, Texas, California, New Hampshire 
 and Florida, have accomplished the task by a republication, 
 in full, of their proceedings from the time of their organiza- 
 tion. Brother Robert Morris has published a history of 
 Masonry in Kentucky on a different plan, and, while giving a 
 resume of the proceedings of the Grand Lodge of that State, 
 has incorporated with it interesting details of Masonic events 
 in other jurisdictions. From Connecticut we have an admira- 
 ble work, from the pen of Brother E. G. Storer, under the 
 title of "Records of Freemasonry in Connecticut,'' in the 
 arrangement of which he has pursued a design, in some 
 respects, like the one adopted in the present work. 
 
 The subject of the history of Freemasonry in South Carolina 
 was first brought, in 1 S. r >7. by the Grand Secretary, to the 
 attention of the Grand Lodge. Up to that period we knew 
 nothing of what had occurred In "the olden time" of Masonry 
 in this State, except what was furnished in the brief and incor- 
 rect narrative of Dr. Dalcho, appended to the edition of the 
 Ahiman Rezon which was published in the year 1822. On 
 the republication of the Ahiman Rezon, in 1S52, I brought 
 the narrative up to that date, but I did not feel myself war- 
 ranted in being much more minute in details than my 
 predecessor. 
 
V1 PREFACE. 
 
 In 1858, Brother Henry Buist, the Grand Master, renewed 
 the subject in his address to the Grand Lodge, and prudently- 
 reminded the members that as time advanced the materials 
 requisite for the work would become more difficult of access, 
 and that the reminiscences of the old men in the Order, who 
 survive among us, would be soon lost. 
 
 Moved by these considerations, the Grand Lodge, at that 
 Communication, appointed a committee of three who were to 
 collect the materials and make the necessary arrangements for 
 a history of the Order in the State. This committee made no 
 report, nor ought this to have been an unexpected result- 
 Books are never written by committees. Literary labor dis- 
 likes to be shackled by agreement, and loves independence of 
 thought as well as freedom of action. It is not every age that 
 can produce the spectacle of a leash of authors, like Beau- 
 mont and Fletcher, working with one mind and one spirit. 
 
 In 1859 the Grand Master again brought the subject of the 
 contemplated history to the attention of the Grand Lodge. 
 " Year after year," said he, " we are deprived of materials of 
 interest in connection with our Institution and its votaries. 
 Time, with its resistless current, is bearing away those who 
 have longest been attached to it, and who know much of 
 incident and detail that, in time to come, may be invaluable ; 
 and is it not meet that some little attention should be paid to 
 the collocation, in some enduring form, of what they know? 
 It would be well if, in our onward march, we should pause and 
 render to the past, which is so full of glorious reminiscences, 
 some little measure of its deserts." 
 
 The Grand Lodge seemed to be fully impressed with the 
 importance and the truth of these reflections. The subject 
 was referred to a committee, upon whose recommendation it 
 was determined " to entrust the performance of the duty of 
 writing the history of Masonry in the State, to some compe- 
 tent Brother, who has devoted, or may hereafter devote, his 
 attention to the collection of facts and their proper condensa- 
 
PREFACE. vii 
 
 tion. ,, To carry out this plan, the author was selected as the 
 historiographer, with wliat judgment the character of this 
 work will have to determine. 
 
 For nearly two years I have devoted myself to this task, 
 bringing to it the collections made in many previous years of 
 research, and an anxiety of intention, at least, to perform the 
 task assigned to me with some credit to myself, and with 
 grateful recollections of the kindness t<» which 1 have been 
 indebted for the appointment. 
 
 But, in the very commencement of the undertaking, I met 
 with difficulties of no ordinary nature. The frequent changes 
 which had taken place in the administration of Masonic affairs 
 in the State — accompanied by neglect in the transfer of records 
 from one Grand Lodge to its successor, the intervention of a 
 long revolutionary war, in consequence of which many 
 important documents were lost, and the devastation of a 
 destructive conflagration, in 1838, by which "nearly all of the 
 archives were destroyed, which time and the causes already 
 enumerated had hitherto spared — all left me with the gloomy 
 prospect of a paucity of materials, out of which, I trust that I 
 deserve some credit for what I have been able to achieve. I 
 have felt disposed, throughout this undertaking, if it were 
 allowed me, "jMi'vis eomponere magna" to apply to ray 
 own task the words used by Gibbon in the conclusion of his 
 immortal work : "The historian may applaud the importance 
 and variety of his subject, but, while he is conscious of his 
 own imperfections, he must often accuse the deficiency of his 
 materials." 
 
 I should have been glad to have made the sketches of Sub- 
 ordinate Lodges, in the Appendix, more complete. With this 
 view I directed letters of enquiry to the Masters of all the 
 Lodges in the State. From some I received replies, contain- 
 ing valuable information, for which T here tender my grateful 
 thanks, but in many instances I was disappointed in obtaining 
 any response* 1 am. T think, scarcely to be blamed that in 
 
v iii PREFACE. 
 
 the dearth of knowledge I have preferred to say nothing 
 rather than to trust to fallible conjecture. 
 
 But I have, in all cases where it was practicable, depended 
 on my own labor, and have been indefatigable in ray 
 researches into the newspapers of the last century, into old 
 documents of every kind to which I could get access, and into 
 the pages of every work from which I had the slightest hope 
 of gleaning anything germane to my subject. 
 
 The task is now completed, and I submit it to those for whom 
 it has been accomplished, with a submission to the truth of a 
 remark made by Warburton, and with which I conclude this 
 already too long, and necessarily, perhaps, too egotistical intro- 
 duction. 
 
 " A work given to the world every reader has a right to 
 censure. If it has merit it will go down to posterity, if it has 
 none the sooner it dies and is forgot the better." 
 
 ALBEET G. MACKEY, M.D. ' 
 
 Charleston, S. C, September 22, 1861. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER PUI 
 
 I. Introduction of Freemasonry into South Carolina 1 
 
 II. Reestablishtnent of the Provincial Grand Lodge 27 
 
 III. From the death of Peter Leigh, to the election of his 
 
 sou as Provincial Grand Master 37 
 
 IV. The Provincial Grand Mastership of Sir Egerton Leigh.. 42 
 V. Formation of the Independent Grand Lodge of South 
 
 Carolina < r >l 
 
 VI. Origin of the Ancient York Masons in South Carolina. 58 
 
 VII. Washington and the Masons of South Carolina 80 
 
 VIII. The Union in 1808 8G 
 
 IX. The Disruption in 1809 95 
 
 X. The Union in 1817 119 
 
 XL The Year 1818 136 
 
 XII. The Year 1819 143 
 
 XIII. The Year 1820 148 
 
 XIV. The Year 1821 153 
 
 XV. The Year 1822 157 
 
 XVI. The Year 1823 171 
 
 XVII. The Year 1824 184 
 
 XVIII. The Year 1825 195 
 
 XIX. The Year 1826 207 
 
 XX. The Year 1827 214 
 
 XXL The Year 1828 220 
 
 XXII. The Year 1829 228 
 
 XXIII. The Year 1830 231 
 
 XXIV. The Year 1831 234 
 
 XXV. The Year 1832 236 
 
 XXVI. The Year 1833 238 
 
 XXVII. The Year 1834 241 
 
 XXVIII. The Year 1835 ~ 244 
 
 XXIX. The Year 1836 247 
 
\ 
 
 COKTKNTK 
 
 CHAPTER 
 
 t»6 1 
 
 XXX. The Year 1837 255 
 
 XXXI. The Year 1838 262 
 
 XXXII. The Year 1839 267 
 
 XXXIII. The Year 1840 2f3 
 
 XXXIV. The Year 1841 ■.,.., 279 
 
 XXXV. The Year 1842 .... 298 
 
 XXXVI. The Year 1843 ,. 303 
 
 XXXVII. The Year 1844 313 
 
 XXXVIII. The Year 1845 319 
 
 XXXIX. The Year 1846 326 
 
 XL. The Year 1847 334 
 
 XLI. The Year 1848 342 
 
 XLII. The Year 1849 363 
 
 XLIII. The Year 1850 372 
 
 XLIV. The Year 1851 377 
 
 XLV. The Year 1852 384 
 
 XLVI. The Year 1853 396 
 
 XLVII. The Year 1854 404 
 
 XLVIII. The Year 1855 422 
 
 XLIX. The Year 1856 426 
 
 L. The Year 1857 • 434 
 
 LI. The Year 1858 441 
 
 LII. The Year 1859 454 
 
 LIII. The Year i860 ., 463 
 
 LIV. Royal Arch Masonry in South Carolina 470 
 
 LV. Cryptic Masonry in South Carolina 480 
 
 LVI. Knight Templarism in South Carolina 487 
 
 LVII. Ancient and Accepted Rite in South Carolina 494 
 
 Appendix , 505 
 
HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 IN 
 
 SOUTH CAEOLINA 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 THE INTRODUCTION OF FREEMASONRY INTO SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Freemasonry, which in the beginning of the eighteenth century, 
 had uudergone a wholesome revival in England, was at that time in a 
 highly prosperous condition. We have therefore every reason for be- 
 lieving that that, which was so much esteemed at home, would not be 
 sluw iu extending its influences from the centre to the remotest borders 
 of the British Empire. Nor can it be doubted that in the constant in- 
 tercourse which was kept up between the mother country and its favor- 
 ite province, many members of the craft would be constantly repairing, 
 cither as officers of the parent government, as visitors, or as intended 
 future residents, to South Carolina, Freemasonry therefore, although 
 in an unorganized form, must, I i nagine, havj been familiar, in the 
 persons of many of its disciples, to the inhabitants of South Carolina, 
 at an early period after the restoration and revival of the Order which 
 took place in the year 1717 in England. 
 
 But there is no evidence, by record or tradition, of the existence of 
 a Masonic Lodge in the Province, anterior to the year 1730. 
 
 On Thursday evening, 28th of October, 1736, the first Lodge of 
 Masons iu South Carolina was opened iu the city of Charleston, then 
 known as " Charles- Town." 
 
 As this date, as a point of departure for our future Masonic re- 
 searches, is important, and differs from that given by Daleho,* in the 
 
 * Paleho says, " In South Carolina no Lodge was congregated until the year 
 1735." Ahiman Rezon for the use of the Grand Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of 
 South Carolina. 'Id edition, 1822, p. 194. 
 
2 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 "brief history" contained in his " Ahirnan Rezon," it is proper that it 
 should be corroborated by contemporaneous authority. 
 
 In the " South Carolina Gazette," a weekly journal printed at that 
 time in Charleston, and then the only newspaper which was published 
 there, will be found under its issue of Friday, October 29th, 1736, the 
 following paragraph : 
 
 " Last night a Lodge of the Ancient and Honorable Society of Free 
 and Accepted Masons, was held, for the first time, at Mr. Charles Shep. 
 beard's, in Broad Street, when John Hammerton, Esq., Secretary and 
 Receiver General for this Province, was unanimously chosen Master, 
 who was pleased to appoint Mr. Thomas Denne, Senior Warden, Mr. 
 Tho. Harbin, Junior Warden, and Mr. James Gordon, Secretary." 
 
 Dr. Dalcho says that the Warrant of Constitution for this Lodge was 
 granted in 1735 by Viscount Montacute, or as he, quoting from Ander- 
 son's edition of 1738, erroneously calls him, " Lord Viscount Montagu."* 
 Dalcho gives no authority for this statement, which is contradicted by 
 the contemporary annals of the Grand Lodge of England. Lord Mon- 
 tacute was installed as Grand Master of Masons of England, on the 
 19th of April, 1732, and was succeeded on the 7th of June, 1733, by 
 the Earl of Strathmore. Montacute was not therefore, Grand Master 
 in 1735, the date wrongly attributed to his administration by Dalcho, 
 nor in 1736, when the first Lodge at Charleston was organized. Neither 
 is it at all likely that a warrant granted by him, between April, 1732, 
 and June, 1733, which embraced the whole period during which he 
 could legally have issued such an instrument, would have been permit- 
 ted to lie in abeyance from that time uutil the end of October, 1736. 
 The same spirit and zeal which actuated the brethren at Charleston to 
 apply for a warrant, would naturally have induced th'eni to act under 
 
 * There has been in recent times, much confusion in respect to the names of 
 Montagu and Montacute, both of whom were, at different times, Grand Masters 
 of England. John Montagu, Duke of Montagu, was elected Grand Master in 
 1721, and Antony Brown, Lord Viscount Montacute, was elected in 1732. The 
 one, however, on account of the similarity of their titles, has, in masonic history, 
 been repeatedly confounded with the other. It is, however, singular, that Ander- 
 son should have been the first to fall into the error. In the 2d edition of his 
 *' Constitutions," printed in 1738, he records " Antony Brown, Lord Viscount 
 Montagu" as having been elected G. M. (p. 130.) In the 3d and subsequent 
 editions, the error was corrected, and Montacute was substituted for Montagu; but 
 Dalcho was apparently indebted for his authority to the 2d edition, and hence he 
 repeated the error in his Ahirnan Rezon. 
 
< IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 3 
 
 that authority as soon as it was received. The facts appear, however, 
 to be as follows. Lord Weymouth was Grand Master of England in 
 the year 1735. During his administration several new Lodges were 
 constituted iu foreign countries. Preston* says that he issued a war- 
 rant to open a Lodge in Savannah, in (Jeorgk, but he says nothing of 
 the Lodge at Charleston. I have, however, been fortunately able to 
 refer to several old lists of Lodges at that time under the jurisdiction of 
 the Grand Lodge of England, the examination of which clearly proves 
 that Preston's omission was an involuntary or heedless one. 
 
 In a roll of Lodges under the jurisdiction of England, appended to 
 Hutchinson's " Spir'.t of Masonry," with the following title : " List 
 OF Lodges, (with their numbers,) as al'cre<l hij th< Grand Lmhjc, April 
 18, 1792," I find the number 45 is marked as having been warranted 
 in 1735, under the name of "Solomon's Lodge, Charleston, South 
 Carolina," which is followed by number 4G, in the same ye^.r, desig- 
 nated as Solomon's Lodge, No. 1, Savannah, Georgia The iwo Lodges 
 having received their warrants the same year, and their names being 
 the same, Preston, with that ignorance of American localities which 
 is still so proverbial among English writers, may have supposed that 
 both warrants were appropriated to the same Lodge, and presuming 
 therefore, that some error had been committed in issuing them, he 
 noticed only the latter one, in which, perhaps, he concluded that the 
 error had been corrected. It is not at all an improbable supposition 
 that a:i Englishman, in the last century, should have confounded Salo- 
 mon's Lodge in Savannah, with Solomon's Lodge in Charleston. The 
 official list in Hutchinson, however, sets the question completely at rest, 
 and proves, by djcumentary eviderce, that Solomon's Lodge in Charles- 
 ton, and Solomon's Lodge in Savannah, both received their warrants 
 from Lord Weymouth in 1735. 
 
 In another and earlier list, now lying before me, which is entitled 
 "A new and correct List of all the English Regular Lodges in 
 Europe, Asia, Africa and America, according to their seniority and con- 
 stitution; By order of the GRAND Masthis brought down to February. 
 1708," I find the following notices, which completely corroborate the 
 list given in Hutchinson : 
 
 " 74. Solomon's Lodge, Charles Town, South Carolina; First and 
 Third Thursday, 1735. 
 
 " 75. Savannah, at Savannah in the Province of Georgia, 1735. 
 
 * Illustrations of Masonry. Oliver's edition, p. 205. 
 
4- HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 It is evident, then, from what has heen here cited, that two facts have 
 been established in the history of Freemasonry in South Carolina, viz : 
 First, that a warrant was granted in 1735 by Lord Weymouth for the 
 establishment of a Lodge in Charleston ; and, secondly, that that Lodge 
 was not organized until October, 1736. 
 
 The next fact of importance in the Masonic history of South Caro- 
 lina is, that in the year 1736, John Hammerton, Esq., was appointed 
 Provincial Grand Master of the Colony. As this office was one which 
 had but lately been adopted in the Masonic jurisprudence of the Grand 
 Lodge of England, and as a knowledge of the prerogatives which it 
 conveyed is required, clearly to comprebend the history of the subse- 
 quent progress of the Order in Carolina, it is proper that a few mo- 
 ments should be devoted to the investigation of this subject. 
 
 The office of Provincial Grand Master was first instituted in the 
 year 1727, during the administration of the Earl of Inchiquin. The 
 commission of appointment to this office was technically called a " Dep- 
 utation," because it was a deputing of the prerogatives of the Grand 
 Master, to a certain extent, to the person so appointed. The Provin- 
 cial Grand Master became the immediate representative of the Grand 
 Master in the district or province over which he was appointed to pre- 
 side, and was authorized to constitute Lodges therein. Preston informs 
 us that the first deputation of this kind was granted by the Earl of In- 
 chiquin, to Hugh Warburton, Esq., for North Wales. Deputations 
 were subsequently granted by other Grand Masters for places outside 
 of Great Britain, and sometimes for foreign kingdoms. Thus in 1731, 
 Lord Lovell granted deputations for Russia, and for Andalusia, in 
 Spain, and the Earl of Darnley, in 1737, issued one for Geneva, in 
 Switzerland, and another for Upper Saxony. The various editions of 
 Anderson's "Constitutions" contain extensive lists of these deputations. 
 Among these lists is one which records the fact that in 1736 the Earl of 
 Loudoun granted a deputation to John Hammerton, Esq., for South 
 Carolina. Preston records the same fact, but with still more precision 
 as distinguishing between the appointment of a Provincial Grand Mas- 
 ter for South Carolina and the constitution by himself of new Lodges 
 in that Province, for he says that the Earl of Loudoun " constituted 
 several new Lodges, and granted three deputations during his presi- 
 dency." One of these latter being that for South Carolina.* 
 
 The precise rank that John Hammerton held in the Masonic Order 
 
 * See Preston's Illustrations. Oliver's edition, p. 207. 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 5 
 
 in South Carolina, is not left to inference. We are not to suppose be- 
 cause the Gazette of the day, with a vagueness common with the pro- 
 fane, when spe iking or writing of masonic subjects, says that he was 
 chosen Master of the new Lodge, that his was simply a deputation as 
 such to open and hold a Lodge, or in other words, a mere warrant of 
 Constitution limited to that particular duty. He was recognized by the 
 Grand Lodge of England as a " Provincial Grand Master," and in- 
 vested therefore with all the prerogatives of that high office. There is 
 no possible room for doubt ou this subject. In the list contained in 
 the 2d edition of Anderson's Constitutions* it is expressly said that 
 "Loudoun, G. M., granted a Deputation to John Hammerton, Esq., 
 to be Provincial Grand Master of South Carolina iu America." Again, 
 in the list of visitors at the quarterly communication of the Grand 
 Lodge of Englaud, held on the lGth of April, 1738, " John Hammer- 
 ton, Esq., Provincial Grand Master of Carolina," is recorded as being 
 present.f 
 
 John Hammerton was, therefore — for, from all that has been cited, 
 we are, I think, authorized to speak positively — the first Provincial 
 Grand Master of the Province of South Carolina, appointed to that 
 office in 1736 by the Earl of Loudoun, who was then Grand Master of 
 England. By virtue of the prerogatives of that office, he was author- 
 ized to constitute new Lodges in the Province, a prerogative which 
 either he, or his successors, undoubtedly exercised, since although 
 we know that new Lodges were constituted anterior to 1754, when a 
 new Provincial Graud Lodge was established, the English registers give 
 no account of any warrant granted by the Grand Master of England 
 during that period, for any Lodge iu South Carolina. These warrants 
 must, therefore, have been grauted by the Provincial Grand Master. 
 
 But an appareut difficulty meets us in the very outset of this history. 
 How are we to reconcile the incongruity that Hammerton was at the 
 same time Master of the only Lodge in his Province and Provincial 
 Grand Master ? The difficulty, however, is, I think, only appareut and 
 not real. The warrant for Solomon's Lodge was undoubtedly granted 
 in 1735, by Lord Weymouth. The usages of Masonry teach us that in 
 that warrant the names of the Master and Wardens must have been in- 
 
 * Anderson, edit. 1738, p. 195. 
 f Anderson, edit. 1769, p. 234. 
 
6 HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY 
 
 sorted.* "Weymouth, having at that time no idea of a Deputation for 
 Carolina, but intending only to constitute a Lodge in the Colony, 
 granted a special warrant for that purpose, and Kammerton's name was 
 inserted in the instrument as the first Master. We know not, and 
 probably never will know, what causes prevented the immediate 
 organization of the Lodge. It is probable, however, that the views of 
 the few brethren who were engaged in the introduction of the Order 
 into Carolina became ei.largcd, and they determined, instead of 
 coufining themselves to the organization of a single Lodge, to ask for 
 a Deputation which should constitute the Colony into a Masonic 
 Province. Such was actually the result, whatever may have been the 
 causes which led to it. In the next year a Deputation was granted by 
 Lord Loudoun, and John Hammerton, who had already been nominated 
 as the Master of Solomon's Lodge, was appointed the Provincial 
 Grand Master. The warrant for the Lodge and the Patent of the 
 Provincial Grand Master coming over about the same time, it was not 
 perhaps thought decorous or expedient to decline the former, and the 
 Provincial Grand iMaster accordingly took the plice of Master which 
 had been assigned him in the warraut. If it be asked why, when he 
 was appointed Provincial Grand Master, he had not caused an alteration 
 to be made iu the warrant, and the name of some other brother 
 substituted in his place, the answers may be found, first, in the fact 
 that such an alteration would require a considerable expenditure of 
 time and trouble at that period, when voyages across the Atlantic were 
 neither quick nor frequent; secondly, in the great respect which was 
 entertained by his brethren for his Masonic zeal and ability, evidence 
 of which is continually to be found in the subsequent recoids of the 
 Order; and lastly, and more especially, iu the fact that in the paucity 
 of Masons of high intelligence in so young a country, an 1 so soon 
 after the Masonic revival, Hammerton alone was found capable of 
 discharging the difficult and responsible duties of the chair. 
 
 John Hammerton, who has the honor of being thus prominently 
 associated with the early history of Freemasonry in South Carolina, 
 was a man of talent and of considerable civil distinction iu the Colony. 
 
 * It is needless to say that that warrant has been either lost or destroyed. 
 Most probably the latter, in one of the many conflagrations which, during the 
 past century, have visited the city of Charleston, and in several of which the 
 Masonic halls and Lodge rooms have been sufferers. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA 7 
 
 In 1732. he was the Receiver General of his Majesty's Quit Rents, 
 and in 1734, tlie Secretary of the Colony. In 1738, he is recorded as 
 having received the appointment of Register and Secretary of South 
 Carolina for life. These were all offices of great honor and trust, and 
 his appointment to them is an evidence of the high esteem in which 
 he was held by the parent government. 
 
 Charles Shepheard, in whose house this first Lodge met, was a 
 vintner and a tavern keeper at the north-east corner of Broad and 
 Church streets. His house was then and long afterwards the only 
 public hall in the town. The town meetings were always convened 
 there. In 1745, the Court of Sessions was held in Shepheard's 
 Tavern, and in April of that year the Grand Jury presented it as being 
 too small. It was sometimes occupied temporarily even for religious 
 purposes, and on the 23d of May, 1745, the Rev. Mr. Orr, of Port 
 Royal, preached a sermon there. 
 
 Of the Wardens of the new Lodge I have been unable to learn 
 auythiug. They appear never afterwards to have made any progress 
 in Masonic preferment. They are never again mentioned in the 
 record of any subsequent election, and either departed from the 
 Province or probably lo^t their interest in the Masonic institution. 
 
 Freemasonry thus instituted in Charleston, soon took a prominent 
 place among the social and benevolent institutions of the city. Of 
 this I have found several proofs in the old files of the South Carolina 
 Gazette. 
 
 Thus, the following notice appears in the Gazette of the 28th of 
 May, 1737: 
 
 " On Thursday night last, (the 26th May,) the Recruiting Officer 
 was acted for the entertainment of the Honorable and Ancient Society 
 of Free and Accepted Masons, who came to the play-house about 7 
 o'clock, in the usual manner, and made a very decent and solemn 
 appearance; there was a fuller house on this occasion than ever had 
 been known in this place before. A proper prologue and epilogue 
 were spoke, and the Entered Apprentice's and Master's song sung upon 
 the stage, which were joined in chorus by the Masons in the Pit, to 
 the satisfaction and entertainment of the whole audience. After the 
 play, the Masons returned to the Lodge at Mr. Shepheard's in the 
 same order observed in coming to the play-house." 
 
 As another significant indication of the popularity which the Order 
 was beginning to acquire in the youthful Colony, it may be remarked 
 that the column of ship news of the 2d of July contains the announce- 
 
8 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 ment of the arrival at Charleston of the sloop Free-Mason from 
 Providence. This vessel appears to have been a regular trader to 
 Carolina, for on the 8th of December following, her arrival from New 
 York is announced. 
 
 Mr. Hammerton did not long retain the office of Provincial Grand 
 Master nor that of Master of the new Lodge, for, intending to leave 
 the Province temporarily for England, on the 21st of July, 1737, he 
 resigned the latter position, and was succeeded in office by James 
 Grseuie, Esq., who appointed James Wright his Senior Warden, and 
 Maurice Lewis his Junior. 
 
 The record of these events is contained in the South Carolina 
 Gazette, for Saturday, 23d of July, 1737, and is in these words : 
 
 "Last Thursday, [21st July, 1737,] John Hammerton, Esq., 
 Receiver General of his Majesty's Quit-rents, Secretary and one of his 
 Majesty's Honorable Council, who has been the first Master of the 
 Lodge of the Ancient and Honorable Socie'y of Free Masons in this 
 place, and intending to embark on board the ship Molly Galley, John 
 Carv'hers, Master, fjr London, at a Lodge held that evening, resigned 
 his office, for the true and faithful discharge of which he received the 
 thanks of the whole Society, who were 30 in number. James Grozme, 
 Esq., was then unanimously chosen Master in his room, and having 
 been duly installed into that office with the usual ceremonies, was 
 pleased to chuse and appoint James Ttriyht, Esq., who was Junior 
 Warden, to be Senior Warden, and Maurice Lewis, Esq., Junior 
 Warden." 
 
 From this document, brief as it is, we may gather several important 
 particulars. In the first place, we see that the young and inexpe- 
 rienced Masons of South Carolina were ignorant of that law of the 
 Mother Grand Lodge, under whose authority they existed, which 
 prescribed that on the deposition or dismission of the Master, his 
 authority should revert to the Senior Warden.* We learn also that, 
 supposing, as we m.ty very plausibly do, that the original number of 
 members did not much exceed the constitutional number of seven 
 required for the constitution of a Lodge, in the space of nine months 
 that number had been augmented to thirty, an increase which, 
 considering the size of the town, may be considered as indicating the 
 
 * This regulation was adopted on the 25th of November, 1723, but, as Anderson 
 states in his 2d edition, " was neglected to be recorded," and hence perhaps the 
 ignorance of the Masons of South Carolina on the subject. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 9 
 
 prosperity of the Order, and at the same time the prudent care with 
 which admissions were made. And, 1 ; stlv, :is James Wright is here 
 mentioned as having been the Junior Warden in July, lToT, while the 
 record of the organization of the Lodge already cited shows that in 
 October, 173G, Thomas Harbin held that office, we are led to conclude 
 that during that interval, perhaps on the intervening festival of St. 
 John the Evangelist, a change had taken place in the subordinate 
 officers. Of the celebration of that day I can find no record, but it 
 is not difficult to conjecture that on that occasion both the old Wardens 
 were left off, and Graeme and Wright appointed in their place. 
 
 This also shews an improvement in the condition of the Society; 
 for, whereas, at the first organization the Wardeus chosen were men of 
 such obscurity of character and position that no contemporary notice of 
 them can be found, in the subsequent appointment of these officers the 
 gentlemen selected were men of character, talent and position, who 
 were enabled to reflect honor upon, and add the weight of their popu- 
 larity to, the infant Society. 
 
 James Graeme, who was an attorney at law, held, at the time of his 
 appointment as Master of the new ] odgc, the position of Commis- 
 sioner of the Market. Afterwards he was appointed a Lieutenant in 
 the Secoud Company of Militia, which was enrolled in November, 
 1738, for the defence of the Province against an anticipated attack of 
 the Spauiards of Florida. Subsequently he was a Representative from 
 Charleston in the Commons House of Assembly, and finally received 
 from the Crown the appointments of Chief Justice of the Province, 
 Judge of the Court of Admiralty, aud a seat in his Majesty's Council, 
 offices which he held uutil his death, which took place on Saturday, 
 29th of August, 1752* 
 
 James Wright, the Junior and afterwards the Senior Warden, was 
 at one time the Attorney General of the Province, and afterwards its 
 Agent in Great Britain, a most honorable and responsible position. 
 His son, Sir James Wright, well knowu in our Revolutionary History, 
 upon the earnest solicitation of Governor Ellis, of Georgia, for leave 
 to return home, in consequence of the infirm state of bis health, was 
 appointed Lieutenant Governor of Georgia. 
 
 Maurice Lewis was the progenitor of a large family, many of whose 
 members have held or are now holding elevated positions iu the State. 
 
 * South Carolina Gazette, 1st September, 17 62. 
 
10 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 H? himself was, in 1738, appointed one of the Commissioners to build 
 tip the curtain line before Charle>ton bay. 
 
 Mr. Hammerton soon after left the Province, and in the proceedings 
 of the Grand Lodge of England for the 6th of April, 1738, I find 
 him recorded as a visitor under the title of " Provincial Grand Master 
 of Carolina." 
 
 This use of the title must however have been a mistake either of 
 the Editor of Anderson or of the recording officer of the Grand Ledge, 
 for it will be presently seen that before that period he had vacated the 
 office. 
 
 The South Carolina Gazette for Saturday, the 20th of August, 1737, 
 contains the following important paragraph : 
 
 "On Thursday night last, (18th of August,) at the Solomon's Ledge 
 in Charles- Town, a Deputation from the Right Worshipful and Right 
 Honorable John, Earl of Loudoun, constituting and appointing a Pro- 
 vincial Grand Master of South Carolina, was read, when James 
 Graeme, Esq., the present Grand Master of the said Province, proposed 
 James Wright, Esq., to be Master of the Solomon's Lodge, which was 
 unanimously agreed to by the Lodge." 
 
 Now this paragraph, coming as it does to us with all the authority 
 of contemporaneous history, is suggestive of several important facts. 
 
 It is true that neither the Book of Constitutions nor Preston mention 
 the fact that the Earl of Loudoun had issued a second Deputation for 
 South Carolina, or that he had given the appointment of Provincial 
 Grand Master to James Graeme, yet it is evident from the paragraph 
 just cited, as well as from other subsequent ones to be hereafter quoted, 
 that Graeme did exercise that office after the departure of Hammerton 
 from the Province. 
 
 Without anticipating the historical matter which will hereafter be 
 produced in its proper place, it may be sufficient here to state that 
 there is ample evidence in our possession that, after the original 
 appointment of Hammerton, the office of Provincial Grand Master of 
 South Carolina became an elective office, and that the election was 
 vested in the craft, until the year 1754. Whether this condition was 
 inserted in the original Deputation of Lord Loudoun to John Ham- 
 merton or not, it is impossible to say, as that document is not now in 
 existence, but it is probable that such was the case, as it is not to be 
 supposed that the Masons of South Carolina would have undertaken, 
 without ample authority, to exercise so high a prerogative as that of 
 
W SOUTH CAROLINA. H 
 
 appointing a Provincial Grand Master.* The error might have been 
 committed once, but it would not have been habitually repeated. 
 Sober reflection, matured experience, or, if these were Wanting, the 
 official interference of the proper authority, would have prevented a 
 continued renewal of the error. 
 
 I suppose, therefore, that the fact is established that on the with- 
 drawal of John Flanimerton from the Province, James Graeme was 
 elected his successor as Provincial Grand Master, and it is probable 
 that this election took place at a meeting of the Craft or of the Lodtre, 
 for at that time the Lodge was composed of the whole of the Craft, 
 which meeting must have been held at some time between the 21st of 
 July and the lSth of August, 1737. I can fin- 1 , it is true, no record 
 of this meeting or election in the Gazette, but tins is nothing estra- 
 o.dinary, for the journals of that day were not remarkable for the 
 avidity with which they collected or disbursed items of news. 
 
 It may be remarked that at the meeting in August, 1737, the Lodge 
 for the first time is called by its name of "Solomon's Lodge," a name 
 that it has ever since retained, as well as the number " One," which 
 was subsequently given to it in the registry of the Provincial Graud 
 Lodge. 
 
 We now arrive at the time of the first recorded celebration of the 
 Festival of St. John the Evangelist, in South Carolina, and as this 
 account is suggestive in many particulars, I shall quote it in full, as 
 published in the South Carolina Gazette for the 29th of December, 
 1737: 
 
 "On Tuesday last, being St. John's day, all the members of the 
 Ancient and Honorable Society of Free and Accepted Masons in this 
 place met at Mr. Seaman s, Master of Solomon's Lodge, from whence 
 they proceeded, all properly clothed, under the sound of French 
 horns, to wait on James Graeme, Esq., Provincial Grand Master, at his 
 
 *I think it probable that the "Deputation" which was read on the 20th of 
 August, 1737, was the original Deputation of Loudoun to Ilanimerton, issued in 
 1736 and now read on this occasion, pro forma, to satisfy the craft who were 
 present of the legitimate existence of a Provincial Grand Lodge, and of what 
 they might suppose to be their right to enter into an election to fill the vacancy 
 occasioned by the resignation and removal of Bummer ton. Neither Anderson 
 nor Preston make any mention of a second Deputation being issued by the Earl 
 of Loudoun for South Carolina, But I confess that in this early period of our 
 history, in consequence of the almost total absence of all Masonic documents, we 
 are compelled to Hoat on a sea of conjecture. 
 
12 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 house in Broad St., where they were received by all the members of 
 the Grand Lodge. After a short stay there, they all went in 
 procession and with the ensigns of their Order into the Court-Room at 
 Mr. Charles Shepheard's house, making a very grand show. Here, to 
 a numerous audience of Ladies and Gentlemen, who were admitted 
 by tickets, the Grand Master made a verv elegant speech in praise of 
 Masonry, which we hear was universally applauded. Then the Grand 
 Lodge withdrew in order to proceed to the election of a Grand Master 
 for the ensuing year, when James Graeme, Esq., was unanimously 
 re-chosen Grand Master, who appointed James Wright, Esq., Deputy 
 Grand Master, Maurice Lewis, Esq., Senior Grand Warden, John 
 CrooJcshanks, Esq., Junior Grand Warden, James Mivhie, Esq., Grand 
 Treasurer, and James Gordon, Esq., Grand Secretary. 
 
 " The same day Mr. James Crokatl was unanimously chosen Master 
 of Solomon's Lodge." 
 
 The first thing that attracts our attention in this account, is the fact 
 that the Masons of the Province must have been again guilty of an 
 irregu'arity ; for whereas, we have seen that on the 18th of August 
 they elected the Master of Solomon's Lodge, (an irregularity to which 
 I have already adverted,) we now find that Mr. Seaman is 
 recorded as being the Master on St. John's day. An election must 
 therefore have taken place in the interval between these two periods, 
 and this election could not have been at the Constitutional Communi- 
 cation before the Graud Feast, because in the latter part of the 
 account it is recorded that the regular election took place on St. John's 
 day, and that Mr. James Crokatt was chosen Master. I mention 
 these irregularities, not with a view of censuring the infant Lodge, but 
 because they seem to me to furnish ample evidence that for the whole 
 of the year 1737 the Craft were laboring under the disadvantage of a 
 want of numbers to enable them to enter at once into a permanent 
 organization. We have already seen an instance of this, in the fact 
 that at the beginning the Provincial Grand Master was compelled to 
 act as Master of the Lodge which he had himself constituted, an 
 anomaly which does not appear afterwards to have been repeated, aud 
 that two Wardens were elected, who were in all probability incom- 
 petent or unfitted for those positions, as they were soon afterwards 
 displaced, and others of higher reputation and greater ability selected 
 as soon as the increasing numbers of the Craft admitted of such a 
 selection. 
 
 More particularly, however, are these irregularities referred to, 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 13 
 
 because they enable us to understand what was the exact way in which 
 the Provincial Graud Lodge was organized, for without the explanation 
 afforded by our knowledge that irregularities did exist, we should be 
 unable to extract out of these imperfect and scanty records a satis- 
 factory account of the time and manner in which this organization 
 took place. 
 
 Of the existence of a Provincial Grand Lodge to which I have 
 here alluded, the first notice that we have is to be found in the account 
 just quoted. Now the Deputation of a Provincial Graud Master 
 always included in it the power to organize a Provincial Grand Lodge, 
 and we have no reason to suppose that the Commission which deputized 
 John Hammerton to act as Provincial Grand Master for South Carolina 
 would have been so imperfect as not to include this authority. But 
 we have no record nor evidence that he ever exercised this prerogative, 
 and we suppose that both he and his successor, who, it is probable, was 
 elected by the members of Solomon's Lodge, acting as a General 
 Assembly of the Craft, and not by the Provincial Grand Lodge,* 
 submitted to the irregularity of governing the Province for more than 
 a year without a Provincial Grand Lodge, simply because there was 
 not a sufficient number of Masons who were by character, by talent, 
 and by inclination, fitted to occupy the several chairs. 
 
 But by the time that the Grand Feast of 1737 had arrived, this 
 objectiou had been removed, and the number of Masons having greatly 
 increased, and many of the most respectable persons in the Colony 
 haviug been iuitiated, on the Festival of St. John in that year, the 
 Provincial Grand Lodge of South Carolina was duly organized, and 
 the varimis offices filled by competent persons. 
 
 DalcWis therefore wrong in stating that the first Provincial Grand 
 Lod«-e was established in 1754. t A new one, as will be hereafter 
 shown, was organized in that year; but its predecessor, the original 
 one, was established on the 27th of December, 1737. 
 
 Of James Crokatt, who on the same day was elected Master of 
 Solomon's Lodge, we know nothing more than that in the succeeding 
 June he was appointed "one of his Majesty's llouorable Council," and 
 
 * It is equally probable, for all is here conjecture, that Hammerton first 
 appointed Greame as his successor, ami that he was reappointed by election in 
 
 1 7 ; ; 7 . But tbe reasoning from this fact, if assumed, would be the same as that 
 pursued in the text. 
 
 f Palcbo, Ah. Rez., p. 195. 
 
J4 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 that in 1760 he was elected a member of the Commons House of 
 Assembly. lie appears from these facts to have been a man of some 
 distinction in the Colony. 
 
 In the South Carolina Gazette for Thursday, the 26th of January, 
 1738, we find the following important record : 
 
 " We hear that at Mr. William Find's, at the sign of the Harp and 
 Crown, is held a, Lodge of the Ancient and Honorable Society of Free 
 and Accepted Masons, be'onging to the Lodge of St. John. Dr. 
 Newman Oglethorpe being chosen Master." 
 
 Perfectly to understand the character of this Lodge, it will be 
 necessary to refer to the history of Masonry in another part of the 
 Continent. In the year 17-33, Viscount Montacute, then Grand 
 Master of England, granted a Warrant, or mure properly a Deputation, 
 appointing Henry Price, of Boston, Provincial Grand Master of North 
 America. Under this authority he opened a Provincial Grand Lodge 
 in Boston oh the 30th of July, 1733, and appointed his Deputy and 
 Wardens. The Grand Lodge thus organized, assumed and was 
 recognized by the appellation of "St. John's Grand Lodge," and 
 proceeded to grant Warrants for instituting regular Lodges in various 
 parts of North America. Webb,* from whom this account is taken, 
 mentions South Carolina as one of the places in which these new 
 Lodges were instituted. But until I met with the paragraph above 
 cited from the Carolina Gazette, I had found no other account of the 
 Lodge instituted in South Carolina by St. John's Grand Lodge of 
 Boston, than the mere announcement in Webb's Monitor that such a 
 Lodge had been constituted. There is, however, no longer any d'-ubt 
 that the Lodge said to have been held in 1738 in Charleston, at "the 
 Harp and Crown," received its warrant from St. John's Gnrnd Lodge 
 of Boston, and hence the journalist calls it a " Lodge of St. John." 
 The phraseology of the paragraph seems to indicate that it had an 
 existence anterior to the date of the notice. It was probably organized 
 late in the year 1737, and was thus the second Lodge established in 
 the Province. But as its Constitution was manifestly an interference 
 with the prerogatives and jurisdiction of the Provincial Grand Lodge, 
 it must have been soon abandoned, and hence it is that we find no 
 further account of it in the subsequent Masonic proceedings of the 
 Province. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated with 
 
 * Webb's Monitor, Ed. 1808, p. 299. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. [.-, 
 
 hitherto unexampled splendor. The description of the Festival in the 
 South Carolina Gazette is well worth copying, as an evidence of the 
 high state of popularity to which the Order had already attained in 
 the Colony. 
 
 " Yesterday being the Festival of St. John the Evangelist, the day 
 was ushered in with firing of guns at sunrise from several ships in the 
 harbor, with all their colors flying. At 9 o'clock all the members of 
 Solomon's Lodge, belonging to the Ancient aud Honorable Order of 
 Free aud Accepted Masons, met at the house of the Honorable James 
 Crokatt, Esq., Master of the said Lodge, and at 10, proceeded from 
 thence, properly clothed with the Ensigns of their Order, and Music 
 before them, to the house of the Provincial Grand Master, James 
 Graeme, Esq., where a Grand Lodge was held, and James Wright, 
 Esq , elected Provincial Grand Master for the ensuing year, then the 
 following officers were chosen, viz: Maurice Lewis, Esq., Deputy 
 Provincial Grand Master; Mr. George Seaman, Senior Grand Warden; 
 James Graeme, Esq., Junior Grand Warden; James Michie, Esq., 
 Grand Treasurer, and Mr. James Gordon, Grand Secretary. 
 
 "At 11 o'clock, both Lodges weut in procession to Church to attend 
 Divine Service, and in the same order returned to the house of Mr. 
 Charles Shepheard, where, in the Court-room, to a numerous assembly 
 of ladies and geutlemen, the newly elected Provincial Grand Master 
 mad j a very eloquent speech of the usefulness of societies, and the 
 benefit arisiug therefrom to mankiud. The assembly being dismissed, 
 Solomon's Lodge proceeded to the electiou of their officers for the 
 ensuing year, when Mr. John Houghton was chosen Master; Dr. John 
 Lining, Senior Warden; Mr. David McClellan, Junior Warden; Mr. 
 Arthur Strahan, Secretary, and Mr. Alexander Murray, Treasurer. 
 After an elegant dinner, all the brethren were invited by Capt. Thomas 
 White on board the Hope; there several loyal healths were drank, and 
 at their coming on board and return on shore, they were saluted by the 
 discharge of o9 guns, being the same number observed in each of the 
 different salutes of this day, so that in all there were about 250 guns 
 fired. The evening was concluded with a ball and entertainment for 
 the ladies, and the whole was performed with much grandeur and 
 decorum." 
 
 An account of a celebration like this furnishes the most irrefutable 
 evidence of the popularity of the institution in that day, and of the 
 warm interest taken by the public in its affairs. It is a convincing 
 proof that up to that time the Order must, from its organization, have 
 
16 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 been conducted with clue regard to those benignant principles which 
 lie at its very foundation, and which could alone have secured for it 
 such general esteem. 
 
 Mr. Houghton, who was elected on that occasion the Master of 
 Solomon's Lodge, and was thus the fifth who had occupied that chair, 
 was a merchant in Charleston, of the firm of Houghton atjd Webb. 
 Of Mr. Wright, the new Provincial Grand Master, I have already had 
 occasion to speak on a preceding page. 
 
 The celebration in 1739 is described as being of a less imposing 
 character. On Thursday, the 27th of December, 1739, the brethren 
 met at the house of Mr. Houghton, the Master of Solomon's Lodge; 
 thence they proceeded to the house of the Provincial Grand Master, 
 then to Church, and after Divine Service, to Shepheard's Tavern, 
 where the following Provincial Grand Officers were elected for the 
 year 1740 : 
 
 James Grseme, Esq., Provincial Grand Master; 
 
 Mr. John Houghton, Deputy Provincial Grand Master; 
 
 James Wright, Esq., Junior Grand Wardeu; 
 
 James Michie, Esq., Grand Treasurer; 
 
 Mr. James Gordon, Grand Secretary. 
 
 On the same occasion, the following gentlemen were elected officers 
 of Solomon's Lodge: 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Smith, Master; 
 Mr. Alexander Murray, Senior Warden; 
 Mr. Hugh Anderson, Junior Warden; 
 Mr. Samuel Prioleau, Treasurer; 
 Mr. John Gwyn, Secretary. 
 
 I have said that the celebration on this occasion was described as 
 being of a less imposing character than that of the precedirg year. 
 And one would be inclined to suppose, that such was the fact, if he 
 were to judge of it from the brief account given in the Gazette, of 
 which the notice above cited is a summary. But I am inclined to 
 think that the absence of any record of a public participation in the 
 festivities is to be attributed rather to the neglect or carelessness of 
 the Editor who gave the account, than to the fact that no such partici- 
 pation took place. It will be found that on subsequent occasions the 
 same interest was exhibited as was shown iu the preceding year, and I 
 am unwilling to believe that the celebration of 1739 was less imposing 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 17 
 
 or creditable to the popularity of the Craft than the one which 
 preceded it, or those which followed. 
 
 Of Junes Grrenie, who was now elevated to the Provincial Grand 
 Mastership, I have already spoken. To Benjamin Smith, the sixth 
 Master of Solomon's Lodge, and who lived to hold the highest positions 
 in the fraternity, I shall hereafter have occasion to refer. 
 
 On the 18th of November, 1740, a large part of Charleston was des- 
 troyed by a conflagration, which, commencing about 2 o'clock in tha 
 afternoon, in a saddler's shop on the south side of Broad street, between 
 Church street and East Bay, consumed every house south of Broad and 
 east of Church streets, including both these streets. The amount of 
 property destroyed was estimated as amounting to nearly a million and 
 a half of dollars. Much want and distress necessarily ensued, and uni- 
 versal sympathy was excited. A solemn fast was proclaimed, and con- 
 tributions were taken up in the Churches and other places' for the 
 sufferers. It is pleasing to observe that on that occasion, the first in 
 which they had had an opportunity of exhibiting the practical influ- 
 ence of the benevolent principles of their institution, the Freemasons 
 of the town are recorded as having subscribed the amount of two 
 hundred and fifty dollars. As the whole number of the members of 
 the Society could not then have exceeded, if it amounted to fifty, this 
 must bo considered as a liberal subscription. I am led to suppose, 
 from the terms of the subscription, that it was their act as a body, and 
 not as individuals. 
 
 The Grand Feast was again celebrated with great splendor in the 
 year 1740. The account of it in the Carolina Gazette is so full and 
 interesting, that I am induced to quote the whole article. When con- 
 temporary records can be obtained, they are always the best and most 
 undoubted authority, and should be preferred in a historical document 
 to the second hand details of auy subsequent writer. The following is 
 the report of the Gazette.* 
 
 " Saturday last [27th of December, 1740] being the Festival of St. 
 John the Evangelist, the day was ushered in with firing of guns at 
 sunrise, from several ships iu the harbor, with all their colors flying. 
 At 9 o'clock all the members of Solomon's Lodge, belonging to the 
 Ancient and Honorable Society of Fiee and Accepted Masons, met at 
 the house of Mr. Benjamin Smith, Master of the said Lodge; and at 
 10, proceeded from thence, properly clothed, with the ensigns of their 
 
 * South Carolina Gazette, 1st January, 1741. 
 
18 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Order, to the house of the Provincial Grand Master, James Graeme, 
 Esq., where a Grand Lodge was held, and Mr. John Houghton was 
 elected Provincial Grand Master for the ensuing year, then the 
 following officers were chosen, viz : 
 
 Mr. George Seaman, Deputy Provincial Grand Master; 
 Mr. Benjamin Smith, Senior Grand Warden ; 
 Mr. James Graeme, Junior Grand Warden ; 
 James Michie, Esq., Grand Treasurer; 
 James Wright, Esq., Grand Secretary. 
 
 " At 11 o'clock both Lodges went in procession to church to attend 
 Divine Service; and in the same order returned to the house of Mr. 
 Charles Shepheard, where Solomon's Lodge proceeded to the election 
 of their officers for the ensuing year, when 
 
 Mr. Alexander Murray was chosen Master ; 
 Mr. Hugh Anderson, Senior Warden ; 
 Mr. Samuel Prioleau, Junior Warden ; 
 Mr. John Gwin, Treasurer; 
 Mr. John Oyston, Secretary. 
 
 "After an elegant dinner, all the brethren being invited, went on 
 board the Lydia, Capt. Allen, and from thence on board the John and 
 William, Capt. Fishbourue, where several loyal healths were drank un- 
 der the discharge of a great many guns. The above ships were on this 
 occasion, decked out with a great many colors, and illuminated at night 
 with a great number o' lights, regularly disposed on the yards, both 
 of which made a very grand and agreeable appearance. In the even- 
 ing the brethren adjourned to Mr. Shepheard's again, where they con- 
 cluded the day suitable to the occasion. The whole was conducted 
 with the utmost order and decency." 
 
 No better idea can be furnished of the true zeal and devotion to the 
 interests of the Craft, which actuated the most distinguished brethren 
 in those early days of Carolina Masonry, than the spectacle here ex- 
 hibited, where we find brethren who had received the highest honors 
 of the Order, willingly descending to occupy inferior statiuns, when the 
 exigencies of the infant institution required such a sacrifice of ease and 
 dignity. The positions of Junior Grand Warder, and Grand Treasurer 
 were accepted by two brethren, both of whom had occupied the office 
 of Provincial Grand Master, and who, having arrived at this exalted 
 station, might readily have been excused if they had retired thencefor- 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 19 
 
 ward from active official labor. But the Provincial Grand Lodge was 
 still young in years, and its members but few, and they, therefore, pre- 
 ferred to work, although in subordinate posts, rather than to be idle, or 
 refuse to lend their cooperation to the advancement of the interests of 
 the Society. 
 
 The Grand Feast was celebrated in 1741, with what had now become 
 the usual demonstrations. The account of it in the Gazette,* is in the 
 following words : 
 
 "On Monday last, [27th December, 1741,] the brethren of the Pro- 
 vincial Grand Lodge and of Solomon's Lodge, proceeded in their proper 
 clothing from the Provincial Grand Master's house to church, where a 
 sermon suited to the occasion was preached by the Rev. Brother Du- 
 rant, and the brethren returned in the due order of Masons, to Mr. Shep- 
 heard's house, where an elegant entertainment was prepared for them 
 aud some other gentlemen of distinction, invited by the Grand Master. 
 
 " The following officers were chosen for the ensuing year, viz : 
 
 Of tiie Provincial Grand Lodge : 
 
 The Hon. John Hammerton, Esq., Provincial Grand Master; 
 
 Mr. George Seaman, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Smith, Senior Grand Warden ; 
 
 James Michie, Esq., Junior Grand Warden ; 
 
 James Wright, Esq., Grand Treasurer; 
 
 Mr. Alexander Murray, Grand Secretary. 
 
 Of Solomon's Lodge : 
 Mr. Hugh Anderson, Master ; 
 The Hon. Richard Hill, Esq., Senior Warden ; 
 Mr. John Gwynn, Junior Warden; 
 Mr. John Oyston, Treasurer ; 
 Mr. Samuel Bowman, Secretary; 
 Mr. William Ross, ~i 
 
 Mr. William Lowndes, j 
 
 "Great numbers of guns were discharged from the ships in the 
 harbor during the procession and afterwards; and the whole was 
 conducted with the greatest order and decency, the night concluding 
 with the illumination of the vessels of the brethren in the harbor, and 
 a ball to the ladies." 
 
 * South Carolina Gazette, 2d January, 1742. 
 
20 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 John Hammerton, who was thus again honored with the Grand 
 Mastership, had gone to England, as we have seen, in 1737; but 
 having returned in 1740 to the Colony, the brethren were at once 
 ready to avail themselves of his Masonic abilities. His. second election 
 was a tribute to his character, which was undoubtedly well merited. 
 
 Hugh Anderson, A.M., who was this year elected Master of 
 Solomon's Lodge, was a man of much learning. In 1739, when it is 
 probable that he first came to the Colony, he was engaged in teaching, 
 to private classes, geography and the use of the globes. In 1740, he 
 was elected head master of the Free School in Charleston, and 
 continued in that honorable position until the 21st of November, 1748, 
 when he died. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Durand, (incorrectly spelt " Durant" in the notice,) 
 who delivered the discourse on the Grand Feast, was an Episcopal Clergy- 
 man, and at that time the Rector of Christ Church Parish. He subse- 
 quently removed to St. John's, Berkeley, where he officiated as a faithful 
 pastor until his death, which took place in the year 1765.* 
 
 In the following year, (1742,) the Grand Feast was again celebrated 
 with the usual demonstrations. The account of it in the South 
 Carolina Gazette is as follows :f 
 
 "Monday last (28th Dec, 1742|) being the anniversary meeting of 
 the Ancient and Honorable Society of Free and Accepted Masons, the 
 members of Solomon's Lodge met at the house of Worshipful Mr. 
 Hugh Anderson, Master of the Lodge, at 9 o'clock in the morning; 
 from thence they walked in procession to the house of the Right 
 Worshipful John Hammerton, Esq., Provincial Grand Master, and 
 there joined the members of the Grand Lodge, and from thence, 
 (being properly clothed,) both Ledges proceeded regularly, with the 
 ensigns of their Order, and music before them, to Church, where they 
 heard a very learned sermon from their brother, the Rev. Mr. Durant 
 [Durand]; then returned in due order to the house of Mr. Charles 
 Shepheard, where an elegant entertainment was prepared, and the 
 Lodges being called, the following gentlemen were chosen officers for 
 the ensuing year : 
 
 R. W. Mr. Benjamin Smith, Provincial Grand Master; 
 James Michie, Esq., Depu.y Provincial Grand Master; 
 
 * See Dalcho's Church History, pp. 269, 281. 
 f South Carolina Gazette, 3d January, 1743. 
 X St. John's day fell that year on Sunday. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 21 
 
 Mr. Alexander Murray, Senior Grand Warden; 
 Mr. Hugh Anderson, Junior Grand Warden; 
 James Wright, Esq., Grand Treasurer; 
 James Graeme, Esq., Grand Secretary. 
 
 The Worshipful Mr. John Gwinne, Master of Solomon's Lodge; 
 
 Mr. John McKenzie, Senior Warden; 
 
 Mr. John Oyston, Junior Warden; 
 
 Mr. Thomas Smith, Treasurer; 
 
 Mr. Kenneth Michie, Secretary; 
 
 Mr. Henry Harramond, ) 
 
 Mr. Itobert Blyth, j Stewards ' 
 
 " During all this time great numbers of guns were fired from the ships 
 in the harbor, and after dinner several loyal toasts were drank. The 
 whole was conducted with the greatest order and decency, and the 
 evening conducted, suitable to the occasion, with a ball to the ladies." 
 
 We learn from the records of the Grand Lodge of England, that in 
 1741 a law was unanimously adopted, forbidding any brother to print, 
 or cause to be printed, the proceedings of any Lodge, or any part 
 thereof, or the names of the persons present at such Lodge, lest by the 
 direction of the Grand Master or his Deputy; and this law was to be 
 enforced by the several Masonic penalties. This regulation must have 
 been communicated to the Masons of Carolina, and it is to its influence, 
 I suppose, that we are to attribute the fact that from the year 1743 to 
 1750, both inclusive, there is not the slightest notice of a Masonic 
 celebration to be found in the contemporary journal. The official 
 records have been lost, and this period of eight years presents a blank 
 in the Masonic History of South Carolina, which, unfortunately, we 
 have no means of filling up. 
 
 The Order, however, although it had retired from public view, in 
 obedience to the mandate of its superior, still continued to exist, and, 
 in all probability, to flourish. In the list of Lodges under the 
 jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of England, which is appended to 
 llut.-hinson's "Spirit of Masoury," it is stated that in 1743 the Grand 
 Lodge of England granted a warrant for " Prince George Lodge," at 
 Georgetown, in South Carolina. It holds the number of 75 in that 
 registry. 
 
 There is no notice of any celebration of the Grand Feast by the 
 Provincial Grand Lodge in 1751, but the Carolina Gazette contains the 
 
22 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 following account of the celebration of the Festival of St. John the 
 Evangelist, by a new Lodge at Beaufort : 
 
 " The 27th ult., (December, 1751,) being the Festival of St. John 
 the Evangelist, at 10 o'clock, the members of a Lodge of Free and 
 Accepted Masons met at the house of Mr. Nathaniel Greene, at Beau- 
 fort, (on Port Royal Island,) and at 11, went in procession from thence, 
 properly clothed with the ensigns of their Order, to church, to attend 
 Divine Service, where, after prayers, an excellent sermon, suitable to 
 the occasion, was preached by their late worthy Master, the Rev. Mr. 
 Peaseley. From church they returned in the same processional order 
 to Mr. Greene's, where an elegant entertainment was provided, to 
 which all the company of note on the Island were previously invited. 
 After dinner and the usual healths drank, the whole was concluded 
 with the greatest order and good fellowship. The procession was 
 saluted by a discharge of the cannons from all the vessels in the har- 
 bor, both at going to, and returning from, church."* * 
 
 Of the existence of a Lodge at Beaufort, this is the first notice that 
 I have been able to obtain. Dalcho calls it " Port Royal Lodge," and 
 although he is very unreliable as to dates, he may be presum d to be 
 correct in giving the name. The lists of the Grand Lodge of Eng- 
 land, to which reference has already been made, record the fact, that in 
 1756, a warrant was granted for Port Royal Lodge, in South Carolina, 
 to which the number 126 is affixed in Hutchinson's list. 
 
 Now if the warrant for Port Royal Lodge was not granted by the 
 Grand Master of England Until 1756, and yet if, as the record proves, 
 Port Royal Lodge celebrated a Masonic festival in December, 1751, 
 then the difficulty can only be explained in one of the two following 
 modes ; either the Lodge was working at that time under the warrant 
 of the Provincial Grand Master, and found it necessary, in 1756, after 
 the decadence of the Provincial Lodge, to which I shall soon have oc- 
 casion to allude, to apply for a warrant to the parent authority in Eng- 
 land; or it was in 1751, acting under some implied, promised, or 
 expected authority from England, Which was not realized until 1756. 
 This was the case, as will be shown hereafter, with Union Kilwinning 
 Lodge, in Charleston, which, although it did not receive its Charter 
 from Scotland until 1759, is known to have been in active existence 
 before that date. The distance of England from the Colonies, the un- 
 
 * South Carolina Gazette, 10th January, 1752. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 23 
 
 settled state of the latter, and the imperfect condition of Masonic juris- 
 prudence in those early days of the Ord^r, gave frequent occasion to 
 similar irregularities. 
 
 One thing, however, is certain, that the Lodge at Beaufort was the 
 third Lodge which was in active existence in South Carolina, and that 
 that existence begun not later than the year 1751. 
 
 There is no record of any meeting of the Provincial Grand Lodge in 
 the year 1751. Masonry was, however, still cultivated in the Province, 
 and an article published in Timothy's Gazette, of March 30th, of the 
 year 1752, is in itself of so singular a character, as an Essay on Masonic 
 symbolism, and as being the first literary article ever published in South 
 Carolina which made any allusion to Freemasonry, that I do not hesi- 
 tate to rescue it from the columns of a periodical now entirely out of 
 print and inaccessible to the great body of the Craft. It will, I think, 
 on these accounts, be read with interest. Perhaps I am not wrong in 
 referring it to the pen of Bro. Hugh Anderson, who was at one time 
 the Master of Solomon's Lodge. The Essay is as follows : 
 
 " Mr. Timothy : As Geometry is a science of universal use and 
 benefit to mankind ; to show where it had its rise, will not, I presume, 
 be an unacceptable entertainment to your readers. To enumerate its 
 progress would be needless ; that has been done by many eminent au- 
 thors. And though what I am now to offer to the public, is perhaps 
 known but to very few, yet I confess myself indebted on this occasion 
 to the ingenious remarks of a gentleman, no less famous for his skill in 
 ancient than in modern Masonry. 
 
 " This great author, (John Langley,) who is a real ornament to his 
 country, takes notice that Geometry had its rise from one of the most 
 sublime instances of divine architecture, the mechanism of the human 
 body, which is so curiously framed as to fit all the various purposes of 
 life. Such as are destined for labor, are found robust and strong ; those 
 for activity and address, of a more slender and genteel body ; and the 
 man for business, a mean between these extremes. This observation of 
 the ancients, he says, gave rise to the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian or- 
 ders in arcrrtecture. But, to come to the point, the discovery by the 
 ancients was in this manner. They made choice of a man that to the 
 eye appeared in just proportion and symmetry. This man they laid on 
 his back ; then extending his arms in a straight line, and placing his 
 legs in a line exactly perpendicular thereto, and drawing parallel right 
 lines, to touch the extremity of his head, fingers and feet, they found 
 
24 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 • that their angles of intersection generated a geometrical square, whose 
 diagonal lines intersected each other exactly on his secreta. Again, ex- 
 tending his body so as the opposite legs and arms respectively forming 
 right lines, and intersecting each other on the navel of his body, they 
 found that the alternate and opposite angles were respectively equal one 
 to another. Hence they found him to measure the compass of the 
 earth. Again, making the navel of his body the centre, and the dis- 
 tance from the navel to the extremity of the longest finger radius, they 
 described a circle and found it to touch the other extremities of his 
 body; and all the lines drawn from any point of circumference through 
 the navel to the other, would be equal one to another. And thus the 
 circle and geometrical square and properties of straight lines were first 
 discovered from a well proportioned human body. And from them all 
 the various properties and affections, that now form that most noble 
 science of geometry, have arisen. To improve the most noble art, to 
 adore the Grand Architect of the Univetse, is one of the arcanums of 
 Freemasonry. In recommending which to all the Sons of Liberty,* I 
 conclude, Sir, 
 
 Your most humble servant, 
 
 Archeologus." 
 
 Twenty-one years after thi3 Essay had been published, Preston taught 
 his European brethren precisely the same thought, that " the science 
 of Geometry is established as the basis of our art." It must be con- 
 fessed that the Masons of Carolina had begun, at an early day, to ap- 
 preciate something of the philosophical and scientific principles of the 
 institution. 
 
 In 1752, the silence, in which for eight years the proceedings of the 
 Provincial Grand Lodge had been shrouded, was broken, and a record, 
 brief and most unsatisfactory, in the Gazette, informs us, that " the 
 27th past [December, 1752] being the Festival of St. Jchn the Evan- 
 gelist, the Free and Accepted Masons in this town commemorated the 
 same in the usual manner. At Port Royal there was a procession, a 
 i grand feast,. and at every health drank, guns fired. "f 
 
 * A political terra, at that time ranch in use, and applied to designate the 
 members of that party who were opposed to the oppressive exactions of the pa- 
 rent government. At a later period, the " Sons of Liberty " became the Whigs of 
 the Revolution. 
 
 f South Carolina Gazette, 8th January, 1*753. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 25 
 
 We are, however, told nothiug reliting to the election of officers, 
 either in the Grand Lodge or in Solomon's Lodge. One item only can 
 we gather from this imperfect account, namely, that there were, at that 
 time, two Lodges in the Province, one at Charleston and the other at 
 Beaufort. 
 
 In the dearth of Masonic intelligence at that period, every item, how- 
 ever trivial, becomes of importance to the annalist. Throughout the 
 hies of the Gazette for the while year, a single paragraph attracts at- 
 tention. It is an advertisement of William Barrows, who gives notice 
 of a stolen watch, " to the string of which was appended a silver 
 badge of Masonry." This, at le;ist, shows that Masonic jewelry, which 
 some over zealous brethren hive lately been covdemning as an innova- 
 tion, was known and used in South Carolina, one hundred and eight 
 years ago. 
 
 There was a celebration on St. John's day, in 1753, the account of 
 which, in the Gazette, although more extensive, is still imperfect. It 
 is in these words : 
 
 "Tuesday last [27th December, 1753] being St. John the Evange- 
 list's day, the members of the Ancient and Honorable Society of Free 
 and Accepted Masons met at the house of Mr. John Gordon at 9 
 o'clock, where the Provincial Lodg*i was formed. After electing Mr. 
 William Burrows, Master for the ensuing year; Mr. James Grindlay, 
 Senior Warden ; Dr. John Moultrie, the younger, Junior Warden ; 
 Mr. Paul Douxsaint, Treasurer, and Peter Timothy, Secretary, all the 
 brethren, being properly clothed with the ensigns of their Order, &.c, 
 and their flag carried before them, marched in procession to church, 
 where an excellent sermon was preached on the occasion by their Ilcv. 
 Bro. Baron, from these words : ' For this is the message which ye 
 heard from the beginning, that we should love one another.' I. John, 
 3:11. After Divine Service they returned in procession to Bro. Gor- 
 don's, where a genteel entertainment was provided for the company. 
 Dinner over, the usual toasts were drank, and the remainder of the d.\y 
 was spent in a manner peculiar to the fraternity at all their meetings, 
 or, in other words, in the most perfect harmony and good fellow- 
 ship."* 
 
 Here was evidently a falling off. We have no firing of salutes at 
 sunrise, nor of guns after each toast — no visiting of the vessels of the 
 brethren in the harbor, and no bill to the hidies at nig::t. The Order 
 
 * South Carolina Gazette, 1st January, 1754. 
 
26 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 had become either more modest and retiring in itself, or less popular 
 among the profane. 
 
 But what is more important to us than the absence of all these out- 
 ward demonstrations, is that the meagre account leaves us entirely in 
 doubt whether th3 officers there meutioned as being elected, were those 
 of the Provincial Grand Lodge or of Solomon's Lodge. I am inclined 
 to think that the latter was the case. Judging from the evidence which 
 the proceedings of the ensuing year supply, there can be little doubt 
 that the Provincial Grand Lodge of South Carolina, if not absolutely 
 "functus officio," if it had not ceased to exist — for I do not think that 
 it had arrived at that result — was, at least, in a feeble and languishing 
 condition. After sixteen years of active existence, it had at length 
 succumbed to that outward pressure, which so often paralyzes for a time, 
 the energies of Masonry in particular localities, and under special cir- 
 cumstances. This period of inaction hud probably begun some years 
 before, although the silence of the public Gazette, the only authority 
 to which we have access, had kept us ignorant of the morbid condition 
 of the Order. In 1753, we suppose that the disease had come to its 
 crisis, for it will be seen in the next chapter, thit a regeneration had 
 taken place. A new Deputation wis issued, and the Provincial Grand 
 Lodge was reinaugurated under more for.nal circumstances. But this 
 will be the subject of the next chapter. 
 
 In January, 1754, on the 29th day of the month, we have the first 
 notice of a Masonic funeral in the Province, and as such it deserves a 
 record. Dr. Frederick HolzendorfF died on Thursday, the 24th of 
 January, 1754, in Charleston. I find no other record of him than that 
 contained in his obituary, which describes him as " a man whose dili- 
 gence and care in his vocation, as well as amiable disposition, behavior 
 and character, had gained him the esteem of every individual." 
 
 The Gazette* records that, " on Friday evening, he was decently in- 
 terred, after the manner of the Freemasons, many of whom attended 
 the funeral in precession, during which minute guns were fired." 
 
 * South Carolina Gazette, 29th January, 1754. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 27 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PROVINCIAL GRAND LODGE. 
 
 The period of inaction, which marked the Provincial Grand Lodge 
 of South Carolina for some time previous to 1754, and to which I 
 have adverted in the preceding chapter, was in that year brought to a 
 happy conclusion, and was followed by an important reaction. 
 
 In the year 1754, the Provincial Grand Lodge of South Carolina, 
 which, as I have already shown, was first organized in 1737, and 
 which, after several years of prosperous existence, began at length to 
 languish, was reestablished in consequence of a new Deputation. 
 
 In the 4th edition of Anderson's Constitutions, it is recorded, that 
 in 1754, the Marquis of Carnarvan, who was afterwards Duke of 
 Chandos, granted a Deputation "to Peter Leigh, Esq., Chief Justice 
 of South Carolina, for Carolina." 
 
 The brother here referred to as having received the distinguished 
 honor of reviving the Masonic authority of the Province, and who 
 was afterwards known as the Honorable Peter Leigh, Esq., was at one 
 time High Bailiff of Westminster, and in 1753, was appointed by the 
 Crown, Chief Justice of the Province of South Carolina. In 1752, 
 he served the Grand Lodge of England as one of its Grand Stewards, 
 having been nominated in that year by Sir Richard Wrottesley, Part., 
 as his successor. He arrived with his family at Charleston on the 22d 
 of October, 1754, and assumed at once the duties of the office of 
 Chief Justice. He died at Charleston on the 21st of August, 1750, 
 and his obituary, in the Gazette of the day, records the honorable 
 testimonial that " his public and private character was such that his 
 death is a sensible loss to the community, and to all who had any 
 connexion or acquaintance with him, and will be long remembered."* 
 
 It is fortunate, that amid the dearth of Masonic documents referring 
 to the early history of Masonry in Carolina, owing partly to the lapse 
 of time, but more particularly to the disastrous conflagration of so 
 large a part of the city of Charleston in 1838, in which the Masonic 
 Hall was involved, a copy of this Deputation should have been 
 
 * South Carolina Gazette, 25th August, 175?. 
 
28 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 preserved. It is to be found in the brief history attached to Dr. 
 Dalcho's "Ahinian Rezon," published in 1822, under the sanction of 
 the Grand Lodge. It is as follows: 
 
 [l. s] CARNARVAN, G. M. 
 
 TO ALL AND EVERY OUR RIGHT WORSHIPFUL, WOR- 
 SHIPFUL AND LOVING BRETHREN: WE, JAMES 
 BRYDGES, MARQUIS OF CARNARVAN, GRAND MASTER 
 OF THE ANCIENT AND HONORABLE SOCIETY OF 
 FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS, SEND GREETING: 
 
 Know ye, that we, of the great trust and confidence reposed in our 
 Right Worshipful and well-beloved brother, PETER LEIGH, Esq., 
 Chief Justice of South Carolina, in America, do hereby constitute and 
 appoint him Provincial Grand Master of the Province of South Caro- 
 lina, aforesaid, and of the territories thereunto belonging ; with full 
 power and authority, in due farm to make Masons, and constitute and reg- 
 ulate Lodges, from time to time, as occasion may require ; and also to do 
 and execute all and every such other acts and things appertaining to 
 the said office, as usually have been, and ought to be done and executed 
 by other Provincial Grand Masters: He, our said Provincial Grand 
 Master, taking special care that all and every the members of every 
 Lodge he shall constitute, have been regularly made Masons, and that 
 they do observe, perform, and keep all and every the rules, orders, and 
 regulations, contained in the Book of Constitutions, (except such as 
 have been or may be repealed at any Quarterly Communication, or 
 other general meeting,) together also with all such other rules, orders, 
 regulations, and instructions, as shall, from time to time, be transmitted 
 by us, or Thomas Manningham, our Deputy, or by any of our successors, 
 Grand Masters, or his Deputy for the time being. And we do hereby 
 will and require our said Provincial Grand Master to cause four Quar- 
 terly Communications to be held yearly, one whereof to be upon, or as 
 near to, the Feast Day of St. John Baptist, as conveniently may be. 
 And that you promote on those, and all other occasions, whatever may 
 be for the honor and advantage of Masonry, and the benefit of the 
 Grand Charity, and that you yearly send to us, or our successors, Grand 
 Masters, an account in writing, of the proceedings therein ; and also 
 of what Lodges you shall constitute, and when and where held, with a 
 list of the members thereof; and copies of such rules, orders and regu- 
 lations, as shall be made for the good government of the same, with 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 9 9 
 
 whatever else you shall do, by virtue of these presents; and that at 
 the same time you remit to the Treasurer of the Society, for the time 
 being, at London, three pounds three shillings, sterling, for every Loo>e 
 you shall constitute, for the use of the Gkuod Charity, and other neces- 
 sary purposes. 
 
 Given at London, under our hand and seal of Masonry, this 30th 
 day of March, A. D., 1754; A. L. 5754. 
 
 TttO. MANNINGIIAM, D. G. M. 
 
 Witness, 
 
 John Revis, G. S. 
 
 No sooner had Mr. Leigh arrived in Carolina, than he prepared to 
 carry into effect the ample provisions of this Deputation. Accordingly 
 on the 5th of December, 1754, he caused the following notice tolbe 
 
 issued, which, as it is the very first instance of the notice of a Masonic 
 meeting that was ever published in South Carolina, will, perhaps, on 
 that account, be viewed as a curiosity. It was inserted in Timothy's 
 South Carolina Gazette for the 5th of December, 175-L 
 
 " By Order of the Grand Master. 
 "The Grand Annual Feast and General Communication of the Free 
 and Accepted Masons, is to be holden in Charleston, on Friday, the 
 27th of December, instant, being St. John the Evangelist's day. ' All 
 brothers arc desired to provide themselves with tickets, (as none will 
 be admitted without them,) and to meet that day by eight o'clock in 
 the morning precisely, at the house of brother John Gordon, in order 
 to attend the Grand Master and his officers to St. Philip's Church 
 where a sermon is to be preached by a Rev. brother ; whence they are 
 to return in procession to the Lodge room, where a decent and suitable 
 entertainment will be provided. 
 
 " No Tickets to be given out after Thursday, the 24th inst 'till 
 which day they may be had of 
 
 Samuel Perkins, 
 Egerton LEion, 
 Henry Laurens, 
 John Stuart, 
 Robert Wells, 
 
 Stewards 
 
 of the 
 
 Grand Lodge." 
 
 This notice was repeated in all the subsequent papers until the day 
 
30 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 of the Grand Feast. In the meantime the Hon. Peter Leigh had con- 
 stituted a Provincial Grand Lodge, with the following officers : 
 
 M. W, the Hon. Peter Leigh, Provincial Grand Master; 
 
 V. W., the Hon. James Michie, Provincial Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 It. W., the Hon. Henj. Smith, Provincial Senior Grand Warden ; 
 
 Pi. W., Win. Henderson, A.M., Provincial Junior Grand Warden ; 
 
 W., William Burrows, Provincial Gra id Treasurer ; 
 
 W., Samuel Perkin-?, Provincial Grand Secretary ; 
 
 Samuel Carne, Provincial Grand Sword Bearer } 
 
 Egerton Leigh, 
 
 John Stuart, 
 
 Charles Pinckney, 
 
 TT T > Provincial Grand Stewards: 
 
 Henry Laurens, ' 
 
 Robert Wells, 
 John Cooper, 
 George Sheed, Provincial Grand Tiler. 
 
 ) 
 
 Of the principal Grand Officers named in this list, Leigh, the Grand 
 Master, was Chief Justice of the Colony, James Michie, his Deputy, 
 was Judge of the Court of Admiralty, and d member of his Council ; 
 Benjamin Smith, the Senior Grand Warden, was Speaker of the Colo- 
 nial House of Assembly, and William Henderson, the Junior Grand 
 Warden, was Master of the Free School in Charleston. He was a man 
 of talent and education, and the author of a collection of poems, pub- 
 lished by subscription in that town, in 1757. He was the first teacher 
 who introduced military exercises into his system of education, a plan 
 which was soon afterwards pursued in other schools of the Colony. 
 
 On Friday, 27th of December, 1754, the members of Solomon's 
 Ledge having met, elected the following officers : 
 
 James Grindlay,* Esq., Worshipful Master; 
 Dr. Samuel Carne, Senior Warden ; 
 Egerton Leigh, Esq., Junior Warden ; 
 Mr. Henry Laurens, Treasurer ; 
 Mr. Thomas Evance, Secretary. 
 
 The Gazette of the 9th of January following gives the details of 
 the subsequent proceedings in the.se w id 
 
 "The election of officers over, Solomon's Lodge went in procession 
 
 * James Grindlay, Master of Solomon's Lodge, was an Attorney at Law. He 
 died in the year 1766. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 31 
 
 from the house where they had met, to that of the Hon. Provincial 
 Grand .Master, where the Grand Lodge was formed, and thence at- 
 tended his Honor and the Grand Lodge, all properly clothed, &o., to 
 church, where an excellent sermon was preached by their brother, the 
 ltev. Alexander Baron. After Divine Service, the procession continued 
 from church to their brother Gordon's Tavern,* where they diued and 
 spent the afternoon, (to the number of upwards an hundred,) with the 
 harmony and regularity peculiar to that Society. And in the evening 
 they went to the new theatre, where the tragedy called The Distressed 
 Mother was presented, with an occasional prologue and epilogue, and 
 some Mason's songs between the Acts." 
 
 Of the Rev. Alexander Baron, who preached the sermon on this re- 
 markable occasion of the reestablishmcnt of the Provincial Grand Lodge, 
 it may not be inappropriate to say a few words. He was a native of 
 Aberdeen, in Scotland, and had received a classical education. Arriv- 
 ing in the Colony in 1748, as the schoolmaster of a British man-of-war, 
 he was appointed the head master of the Free School in Charleston, a 
 post which had been just then made vacant by the death of Mr. Hugh 
 Anderson, who, it will be remembered, was, in 1742, the Master of 
 Solomon's Lodge. In 1753, Mr. Baron having resigned the Master- 
 ship of the School, was succeeded by Mr. Win. Henderson, also a promi- 
 nent Mason, and went to Europe, where he received Priest's orders. 
 In 1754 he returned to Carolina, in the same vessel with Chief Justice 
 Leigh, and was at once invested with the ministerial charge of St. 
 Philip's Church, where he preached his first sermon. He died in 1759 
 at St. Paul's Parish, whither he had removed in the preceding year, 
 to take charge of the church there. 
 
 Dalclio, who, writing iu 1822, before the unfortunate destruction of 
 the archives of the Grand Lodge, had ample opportunities for referring 
 to the old documents, of which, however, he unfortunately, and indeed 
 inexcusably, did not avail himself to any very great extent, informs us 
 of an interesting incident which occurred on this day. 
 
 The Provincial Grand Master, after the installation of the Grand 
 Officers, presented the Grand Lodge with a sword of State, which 
 Dalcho describes as being " a large, elegant and curious, two-edged 
 sword, in a rich, velvet scabbird, highly ornamented with Masonic em- 
 blems, aud the GiuuJ Master's Anna." [t ha 1 bng been in posses- 
 
 * James Gordon was the successor of Shepheard, and kept Lis Tavern at the 
 same place, the North-east corner of Broad and Church streets. 
 
32 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 sion of the Grand Master's family, and was said to have once belonged 
 to Oliver Cromwell, a legend to which some share of probability is 
 given, by the fact (hat the Provi cial Grand Master was a descendant 
 of Sir Edward Leigh, who was a member of the Long Parliament and 
 a Parliamentary General in the time of the Protector, from whom, per- 
 haps, he received it. 
 
 The further history of this sword may as well be given here. From 
 the time of the presentation it continued in the possession of the 
 Grand Lodge, and was borne by the Grand Sword Bearer, or in later 
 times, the Grand Pursuivant, in all public processions. At length at 
 the conflagration which, in the year I808, destroyed so large a portion 
 of the city of Charleston, and with other buildings the Masonic Hall, 
 the sword was, with great difficulty, saved by br ther Samuel Seylc, the 
 Grand Tiler, with the loss of the hilt, the scabbard, and a small part of 
 the extremity of the blade. In the cmfusion consequent on the fire, 
 the sword thus mutilated was mislaid, and lor a long time it was sup- 
 posed to b3 lost. In 18)2, a o 11 uittee was appointed by the Grand 
 Lodge to make every exertion for its recovery, and at length, in the 
 begiuniug of the year 1854, it was accidentally found by the Grand 
 Tiler, in an outhouse on his premises, and was by him restored to the 
 Grand Lodge in its mutilated condition. The lost piece of the blade 
 was ingeniously replaced by a cutler in the city of Charleston, an 1 
 being sent to New York, was returned with new hilt and velvet scab- 
 bard, and was used in its appropriate place during the centennial 
 ceremonies of that year. 
 
 Daleho speaks of St. George's Lodge at Dorchester as having been 
 established soon after the year 1735 This may have been the case, 
 and yet I find no record among the Knglish lists of a warrant having 
 been granted for such a Lodge, nor do I meet with any record of its 
 existence in the journals or gazettes of that period, until the year 
 1755, when the following notice announced it as preparing to celebrate 
 the Festival <jf St. John the Baptist: 
 
 "By order of the Master of St. George's Lodge, the Annual Feast 
 of the said Lodge is to be held i:i Dorchester, on Tuesday, the 24th of 
 June (being St. John Baptist's day). The brethren are desired to 
 attend in their proper clothing, and to provide themselves with ticket-, 
 as none can be admitted without them. The Lodge will meet precisely 
 by nine of the clock in the morning, at the house of Mr*. Judith 
 Pustell, in order to attend the Master and officers to St. George's 
 Church. A sermon is to be preached by a lieverend Brother, from 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 33 
 
 whence they are to return in procession to the Lodge room, where a 
 decent and suitable entertainment will be provided. Tickets may be 
 had by apphjiug to 
 
 Charles Faucheraud, -\ 
 
 Wm. Logan, 
 
 Edward Legge, f Rewards." 
 
 Samuel Postell, ) 
 
 But as Governor Glenn about that time paid a visit to the Confraree 
 Fu t, and was accompanied by two companies of cavalry, among 
 which budies were the piincipal officers and members of the Lodge, a 
 notice subsequently appeared, signed by Meynell Walter, the Secretary, 
 announcing the postponement of the Feast until the 24th of July. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated by the 
 Provincial Grand Lodge in 1755. Leigh, the Grand Master, was at 
 that time on a visit to Boston, aid Michie, his Deputy, was sick, so 
 that th .! duty of presiding devolved on the lion. Benjamin Smith, 
 Senior Grand Warden. The accouut of the celebration is thus given 
 in the Carolina Gazette.* 
 
 "On • aturday, 27th ult., [December, 1755,] the Ancient Society of 
 Free .Masons J eld their Provincial Graud Anniversary here About 
 10 o'clock, A. M., the brethren waited on the Honorable Benjamin 
 Smith, Esq., at his own house, where previously the Grand Lodge had 
 been formed, (the high office of Grand Master devolving on him by 
 t' e absence of the Honorable Peter Leigh, Esq., and his 1 eputy's 
 being confined by sickness,) whence they proceeded to St. Philip's 
 Church, where a sermon suitable to the occasion was preached by their 
 Reverend Brother, f the Hector of St. Paul's, and the Master of a 
 Lodge. From Church they proceeded in the proper order to the 
 Lodge room, where, about 2 o'clock, an elegant entertainment, provided 
 under the direction of the Stewards,;}; was served up. None being 
 present but those of the fraternity, the whole was conducted with 
 decency and decorum, so peculiar to the Society. During the afternoon, 
 'till (3 clock, when the Grand Master ordered the Lodge to be closed, 
 and the assembly broke up, all customs and solemnities were observed 
 according to the aucieut and venerable usages of Masons." 
 
 * Sontli Carolina Gazette, Sth January, 1756. 
 t Rev. Alexander Baron. 
 
 J The (Ji'.unl Stewards were, John Stu.irt, Robert Wells, Jolin Cooper, 
 Doufjall Campbell, John Barnutt, and 1'uul Douxsaiiit. 
 
;>,4 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 No change was made this year in the Provincial Grand Officer.?, who 
 were as follows : 
 
 Hon. Peter Leigh, Provincial Grand Master; 
 
 Hon. James Michie, Provincial Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 Hon. Benjamin Smith, Provincial Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 Mr. William Henderson, Provincial Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Mr. William Burrows, Provincial Grand Treasurer; 
 
 Mr. Samuel C. Perkins, Provincial Grand Secretary. 
 
 St. John the Baptist's d;iy w:is celebrated in 1756 by St George's 
 Lodge, at Dorchester. There was as usual a Feast, and tickets were 
 advertised for thirty shillings, to be obtai led of the Stewards. 
 
 The first nutice of a Quarterly Communication of th ; Provincial 
 Grand L dge appears in June, 17">6. As the public summons 
 indicates who were at that time considered as the members of the 
 Grand Lodge, it may be advisable to copy the advertisement from the 
 Carolina Gazette.* 
 
 "All former Grand Officers and present Grand and other Officers 
 and Stewards of the Provincial Grand Lodge of the Ancient and 
 Honorable Society of Free and Accepted Masons in the Province of 
 South Carolina, and the pres nt Masters and Wardens of all tviptlar 
 constituted Lodges in the said Province, are desired to assemble in 
 Quarterly Communication, on the 2d Thursday iu June, 1756, at the 
 house of Brother Gordon, in Charles-Town. 
 " By the Grand Master's command. 
 
 SAMUEL PERKINS, G. S." 
 
 Hence it appears that the Provincial Grand Lodge had accepted the 
 regulation of the Grand Lodge of England, adopted in 17-1, which 
 declares that "the Grand Lodge consists and is formed by the Masters 
 and Wardens of all regular, particular Lodges upon record, with the 
 Grand Master at their head," &c. But the Masons of South Carolina 
 had already fallen into an innovation in admitting the Past Grand 
 Officers to membership. 
 
 On the 27th of December, 1756, the Provincial Grand Lodge 
 celebrated the Grand Feast as usual. An excellent sermon on 
 universal benevolence and charity was preached by the Rev. Brother 
 Charles Martyn, A.M., Rector of St. Andrew's Parish. The number 
 
 * South Carolina Gazette, 5th June, 1756. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 35 
 
 of brethren who were present at the dinner amounted to 120. Most 
 of the vessels in the harbor honored the day by displaying their flags 
 and firing salutes. 
 
 In the registry of the Grand Lodge of England, I find it stated 
 that ia the year 1756 warrants were granted by that authority for two 
 Lodges in South Carolina, namely: Port Royal Lodge, at Beaufort, 
 dated the 15th of September, which it would appear, as I have already 
 shown, was in existence for some time before, and another Lodge which 
 is si :iply described as "a Master's Lodge at Charles-Town, South 
 Carolina."* Six Lodges had therefore, up to this time, been warranted 
 in South Carolina, under the jurisdiction of the Provincial Grand 
 Lodge, and through it, the Grand Lodge of England. These were 
 Solomon's Lodge, at Charleston; Prince George's Lodge, at George- 
 town; Port Loyal Lodge, at Beaufort; St. George's Lodge, at Dor- 
 chester; Union Lodge, at Charleston; and the unnamed Master's 
 Lodge, warranted during the year at the same place. One of them 
 must, however, so in have become dormant or extinct, since in the 
 printed notice of the Grand Communication in December, 1758, "the 
 Masters and Wardens of the five regular and constituted Lodges 
 under the Provincial jurisdiction are desired to attend." 
 
 Union Lodge was constituted by the Provincial Grand Lodge in 
 May, 175"), and afterwards received a second warrant from the Grand 
 Lodge of Scotland in 1759, when it took the additional title of Kit 
 winning. But there are difficulties connected with these double 
 charters, to which I shall advert in the Appendix when treating of 
 particular Lodges. 
 
 Theie is unfortunately a hiatus in the files of the Carolina Gazette 
 from the 25th uf August, 1757, to the 10th of November, 1758, and 
 1 am therefore unable to give a detailed account of the celebration of 
 the Graud Feast in the former year. The Annual Communication was 
 however hoi leu, and the following Grand Officers were appointed : 
 
 Hon. Peter Leigh, Provincial Grand Master; 
 Hon. James Michie, Deputy Provincial Grand Master; 
 Wm. Henderson, A.M., Provincial Senior Grand Warden; 
 Hon. Henry Middlcton, Provincial Junior Grand Warden ; 
 Robert Wells, Provincial Grand Secretary. 
 _ > — 
 
 * The date of the warrant «t' tlii- Lodge i- 22d March, 1756. It met wini- 
 monthly, on the 2d and 4th Thursday. The Lodge at Fort Royal met on every 
 other Wedneada? 
 
36 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 The Grand Feast was celebrated on the 27th of "December, 1758. 
 
 The Reverend Brother Charles Martyn again officiated as Chiiplain, 
 and preached a sermon at St. Michael's Church on mutml love and 
 benevolence. This sermon was published at the request of the 
 Fraternity, and was the first Masonic address ever printed in the 
 Colony. 
 
 In the year 1759, the Colony was engaged in a war with the French 
 and the Cherokee Indians. Much anxiety and distress prevai'ed, and 
 the celebration of the Annual Communication of the Provincial Grand 
 Lodge was, in consequence, postponed. Th3 necessary information of 
 this fact was given in the following notice, published in the Carolina 
 Gazette.* 
 
 "In the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, assembled in Quarterly. 
 Communication, 6th December, 5759. 
 
 " Present, The V. W., and lion. James Michie, Esq., G. M., &c. 
 
 " Resolved, That according to the fixed and ancient principles of this 
 Society, it would be improper, in the present circumstances of this 
 Province, to celebrate the Provincial Grand Anniversary and General 
 Communication. on the Feast of St. John the Evangelist, this year, and 
 therefore that the celebration of the said Anniversary be postponed to 
 such future day as shall appear most proper to the Grand Master and 
 other Grand Officers, of which day, when fixed upon, they will order 
 TTue notice to be given. 
 
 " Ordered, That the above Resolution be published in both news- 
 papers, for the information of all concerned. 
 
 "By the Grand Master's command. 
 
 ROBERT WELLS, G. S." 
 
 Solomon's Lodge, the first established in the Province, appears at 
 this time to have been in a prosperous financial condition, for 1 observe 
 that Isaac DaCosta, the Treasurer, gives notice in a public advertise- 
 ment that six hundred pouuds belonging to the Lodge are to be let 
 upon interest. 
 
 The Hon. Peter L igh, Provincial Grand Master, died on the 21st 
 of August in this year, and until the appointment of a new deputation, 
 the duties of the office were discharged by the Hon. James Michie, his 
 Deputy. 
 
 * South Carolina Gazette, 22d December, 1759. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 37 
 
 CHAPTER HI. 
 
 FROM THE DEATH OF PETER LEIGH, TO THE ELECTION OF HIS SON 
 AS PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTER. 
 
 In consequence of the death of the late Provincial Grand Master, 
 the Hon. Peter Leigh, it became necessary that a new deputation should 
 issue, and accordingly in i he year 1761, as we learn from the records 
 of the Grand Lodge of England, Lord Aberdour, at that time Grand 
 Master of Masons of England, granted his deputation, appointing the 
 Hon. Benjamin Smith, Esq., Provincial Grand Master for South Caro- 
 lina. 
 
 The name of Benjamiu Smith must already be familiar to the reader, 
 since it will be seen, by a reference to the preceding pages, that he 
 had served in 1740 as the Master of Solomon's Lodge, in 1742 as 
 Seuior Grand Warden, and in 1743 as the Provincial Grand Master of 
 the old Provincial Grand Lodge. In 1754, on the organization of the 
 new Provincial Grand Lodge, under Chief Justice Leigh, he was ap- 
 pointed Provincial Senior Grand Warden, which office he held until 
 the Provincial Grand Mastership becoming vacant, his high position in 
 the Colonial Government, but more especially his long-tried zeal in the 
 service of Masonry, pointed him out at o:;ce, both to the Craft of Caro- 
 lina aud to the Grand Master of England, as the most appropriate per- 
 son to supply the vacancy In the political and civil history of South 
 Carolina, the name of Benjamin Smith stands deservedly high. He 
 was, at the time of his appointment as Provincial Grand Master, Speaker 
 of the Commons House of Assembly, a distinguished position, which 
 he occupied for many years with great honor to himself and service to 
 the Colony.* He died in the year 1770. 
 
 In 1701 the General Communication was holdcn on the 27th of 
 
 * The Journals of the duy inform us that in 1756, Mr. Smith, as Speaker, 
 received great applause tor this, that formerly Speakers presented bills to the Gov- 
 ernor with this formula : " I present to your Excellency an engrossed bill, en- 
 titled an Act," — but he added these material words — " passed in the Commons 
 House of Assembly." It was an assertion, for the first time, of the peculiar pre- 
 rogative of the Asxniblv as the law-making estate of the Colony, and in direct 
 denial of any assumption of such prerogative by the Governor and his Council. 
 
38 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 December, at the Tavern of John Gordon.* There was the usml 
 banquet, but I can find no notice of a public procession or sermon. At 
 this Communication the following Provincial Grand Officers are men- 
 tioned : 
 
 Hon. Benjamin Smith, Provincial Grand Master ; 
 Hon. Egerton Leigh, Deputy Provincial Grand Master; 
 Mr. Win. Henderson, Provincial Senior Grand Warden; 
 Mr. William Burrows, Provincial Junior Grand Warden ; 
 Robert Wells, Provincial Grand Secretary. 
 
 In 1762 the Provincial Grand Lodge assembled at 9 o'clock, on the 
 27th of December, at Mr. Dillon's, who was the successor of Gordon, 
 and occupied the same Tavern. There was a banquet, but there is no 
 notice of a public demonstration. There was no change in the princi- 
 pal Grand Officers. 
 
 In 1703, a summons to attend the Quarterly Communication in June, 
 informs us that there were then six " regular constituted Lodges under 
 the Provincial jurisdiction." By reference to the registry of the Grand 
 Lodge of England for that year, it will be found that in 1763, a war- 
 rant was granted for "St Mark's Lodge in Carolina." The date of 
 this warrant, in one of the registries in my possession, is 8th February, 
 1763. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated in 1763 by 
 a public procession and a sermon at St. Philip's Church, but the name 
 of the Grand Chaplain is not given. 
 
 In 1764, the Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated by 
 the Provincial Grand Lodge in the usual manner. There was a pro- 
 cession to St. Philip's Church, " where an excellent discourse, suitable 
 to the occasion, was delivered by the Rev. Mr. Charles Marty n, Hector 
 of St. Andrew's." The account in the Gazette goes on to say :f " The 
 members present, being in number about 120, among whom were the 
 ft. W. Benjamin Smith, Esq., Provincial Grand Master, the Honorable 
 William Bull, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor of this Province, Bight Hon- 
 orable Lord Adam Gordon, and many other gentlemen of distinction, 
 dined aud passed the evening together, with that general satisfaction 
 so conspicuous in the assemblies of the ancient fraternity." 
 
 * This was the same house at the North-east corner of Broad and Church 
 streets, which had been formerly occupied as a Tavern by Shepheard. 
 + South Carolina Gazette. 31st December, 1764. 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 39 
 
 In 1765 there was tlie usual celebration of the Festival of St. John 
 the Evangelist. The General Communication took place in the morn- 
 ing ; the Craft, to tic number of 160, (being an increase of forty 
 since the la^t year.) w Iked in procession to St. Michael's Church, 
 where <l an excellent discourse, suitable to the occasion," was delivered 
 by the Rev. Mr. Samuel Hart, assistant minister of St. Michael's; aud 
 an elegant entertainment was provide] in the afternoon. 
 
 Y.cw amin Smith was still the Provincial Grand Master, Egertou 
 Leigh his Deputy, and Robert Veils, Provincial Grand Secretary. Of 
 the other Grand dicers I can find no record. 
 
 The celebration of St. John's day in 17(56 was in the usual manner. 
 There was a procession to St Phil p's Church, a sermon by the Rev. 
 Bro. John Tonge, " upon philanthropy and universal benevolence, with 
 a particuhr address to the Society," and afterwards a banquet. The 
 summons to attend the Communication mentions seven regular Lodges 
 as being under the jurisdiction. The regulations of the Provincial 
 Grand Lodge seem now to have piovidcd for the admission of proxies of 
 the Masters and Wardens, a species of delegates who continued to be 
 recognized in the Masonic legislation of South Carolina until happily 
 abolished in 1858. The summons to the Grand Lodge in 1766 
 requires the attendance of the Masters aud Wardens of the seven 
 Lodges, "or their deputies." 
 
 There were at this time four regular Lodges in Charleston, viz : 
 
 Solomon's Lodge, George Sliced Master ; 
 Master's Lodge, Wm. Gibbs Master; 
 Marine Lodge, Bernard Beekman Master, and 
 Union Kilwinning Lodge, John Deas Master. 
 
 Of these the Marine Lodge was a new one, having been constituted 
 only five days before. Of the double warrants of L'uion Lodge I have 
 already spoken. We learn, however, from a notice in Timothy's 
 Gazette of that date, that it united with the Provincial Grand Lodge 
 iu the celebration of the day, and as Mr. John Deas, its Master, 
 was subsequently elected Provincial Grand Master, it must have 
 considered itself, and been considered by the Provincial Grand Lodge, 
 as a constituent of that body. These four Lodges, with those at 
 Beaufort, Georgetown and Dorchester, would exactly make the number 
 ot seven Lodges alluded to iu the summons, to which I have already 
 referred. 
 
 An intention to remove from the Proviucc, aud perhaps his physical 
 
40 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 infinities, for he died in less than three years afterwards, induced Mr. 
 Smith to give notice of his intended resignation of the office of Pro- 
 vincial Grand Master, and he accordingly did so at the Aunual 
 Festival in 17(37. 
 
 The account of the celebration of that Festival is so full and 
 interesting in the Gazette of the 1st of January following, that 1 do 
 not hesitate to copy it : 
 
 "The Ancient Society of Freemasons celebrated their Anniversary 
 On Monday last, the 28th ult., [December, 1767,] the Feast of St. 
 John the Evangelist falling on Sunday. In the morning they assem- 
 bled in the Lodge room, agreeable to notice given in this Gazette, and 
 went in procession to St. Michael's Church, where the Rev. Mr Samuel 
 Hart, one of the Society, delivered a most excellent discourse, on Unity, 
 Brotherly Love and Universal Benevolence. After returning from 
 Church they had a most elegant entertainment, provided by the Stew- 
 ards, and pissed the afternoon together with that decent festivity and 
 social delight which those who meet with a sincere desire of pleasing 
 and being pleased seldom fail of, and which have long been among the 
 distinguishing characteristics of every regular assembly of the true 
 and faithful brotherhood, 'ihe fraternity being informed that Benja- 
 min Smith, Esq., intending to leave the Province, had determined to 
 resign the office ot Provincial Grand Master, and that the Masters, 
 Wardens and other members of the several Lodges had unanimously 
 resolved to request the Honorable Egerton Leigh, Esq., to consent that 
 they might petition his Grace, the Duke of Beaufort, Grand Master of 
 England, to appoint him to the said office, in the room of Mr. Smith, 
 all the members then present, being upwards of a hundred iu number, 
 most cordially, and with one voice, requested Mr. Leigh to the purpose 
 above-mentioned, and he having in a short address to the brethren, 
 assented thereto, was congratulated in the usual manner as Provincial 
 Grand Master elect. The thanks of the Society in general were in 
 like manner unanimously voted to Benjamin Smith for his many long 
 and eminent services to the Craft." 
 
 Crouch's Journal or General Gazette, one of the two pnpers then 
 published in Charleston, says that the Honorable Egerton Leigh pre- 
 sided at that Communication as Provincial Grand Master, with Win. 
 Burrows as his Deputy. Eight Lodges are reported as beiug at that 
 time under the Provincial jurisdiction. 
 
 In 1768, there were the usual procession, sermon and feast, a'though 
 I have been unable to obtain any more definite particulars. Eight 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 44 
 
 Lodg-. s still continued under the jurisdiction of the Provincial Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 In 1769, the procession, sermon and feast again took place, and one 
 hundred and twenty brethren walked in the procession. The Rev. 
 Brother Thomas Panting, who had that year arrived from England to 
 occupy the position of Head Master of the Free School, preached the 
 sermon. 
 
 This year closed the Provincial Grand Mastership of Benjamin 
 Smith, although it is not known that ! e presided over the Provincial 
 Gr. d ddge in person since the year 1707, when he gave notice of 
 his intended resignation of that distinguished position. 
 
42 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTERSHIP OF SIR EGERTON LEIGH. 
 
 In the latter part of the year 1709, the Duke of Beaufort, who was 
 then G-rand Master of Masons cf England, issued his patent, appoint- 
 ing the Honor.-. ble Kgerton Leigh Provincial Grand Master of l^onth 
 Carolina, in the place of Benjamin Smith, who, as we have already 
 seen, hi 1 resigned. 
 
 On the 20th February, 1770, there was a Communication of the 
 Craft in Charleston, on which occasion one hundred and twenty breth- 
 ren are said to have been present, when the appointment was officially 
 made known, and received with the highest satisfaction.* The new 
 Provincial Grand Master delivered a charge to the brethren, which is 
 unfortunately lost. An ode, written by one of the brethren, and set 
 to music by brother Peter Valtou, a professional musician of the town, 
 was then sung, accompanied by instruments. Of this ode, which, 
 alt'iough not distinguished by its poetical merit, is still worthy of pre- 
 servation as a reminiscence of the early days of Masonic literature in 
 Carolina, I have a copy before me, and doubt not that my readers will 
 be pleased to see it. 
 
 ODE 
 
 On the Installation of Ron. Ejerton Leiyh, E<q., in 1770, as Provin- 
 cial Grand Master of South Carolina. 
 
 Written by one of the brethren, and set to Music by Bro. Peter Valton. 
 
 While Pallas and Phoebus in Grand Council sat, 
 With Bacchus and Venus; a solemn debate 
 About a Grand Master's appointment arose, 
 Which had like to have ended in desperate blows. 
 
 To fill tha high office (says Pallas) none 's fit, 
 Who 's void of true wisdom, of learning and wit; 
 
 * South Caroliaa Gazette, 8th March, 1770. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 43 
 
 Hence, then, all ye blockheads, hence, straitway repair, 
 Since none but my vot'ry shall sit in the chair. 
 
 Not so fast, (cries Apollo.) thou blue-ey'd maid! 
 To music's sweet pow'rs let a deference be paid : 
 Fur I swear that none ever my vote will control 
 Who shall be devoid of a musical soul. 
 
 Hey day ! quoth the god of the generous v : nc, 
 I '11 vote for none else but a lover of wine; 
 For none is e'er fit o'er Masons to sway, 
 AYhose heart is not jolly, blithe, social aud gay. 
 
 Pray what (says Dame Venus) can Masonry boast, 
 Without a fair damsel t' afford thern a toast? 
 None shall the Grand .Master's high mandates obey, 
 If he does not acknowledge my sovereign sway. 
 
 "If you '11 listen, (says Jove,) I '11 set you all right: 
 "Let all your perfections in one man unite, 
 Him choose as Grand Master" — They approve of the plan: 
 Then Beaufort proclaimed that Leigh was the man. 
 
 On the 27th of December, in the same year, there was a procession 
 in the morning to St. Michael's Church, where a sermon was delivered, 
 and in the afternoon there was the usual banquet. 
 
 I presume that there was a similar celebratiou in 1771, although the 
 record of it has been lost. 
 
 In 1 77-, the Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated 
 with unusual splendor. At 9 o'clock in the morning the members of 
 the Provincial Grand Lodge repaired to the house of Sir Kgerton 
 Leigh, for he had lately received the dignity of a Baronet from the 
 Crown, where a magnificent collation was given, and the Provincial 
 Grand Lodge was opened. At 10 o'clock, Sir Egerton Leigh, with his 
 Grand Officers, in his coach, and the rest of the Grand Lodge in 
 chairs, proceeded to the Lodge room at llulliday's Tavern, where 
 Solomon's Lodge was opened. The procession, amounting in number 
 to two hundred, the largest number that had ever before appeared in 
 public, then moved to St. Philip's Church, where a diseourse on 
 philanthropy was delivered by the Rev. Bro. Samuel Hart. The 
 
44: HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 brethren then proceeded to Pike's new room in Church street,* where 
 an ode, written by Sir Egerton Leigh, was sung. After this the brethren 
 returned to Holiday's, where one hundred and forty-four sat down to 
 the feast, and the rest of the day was «peut in the usual harmony. -j- 
 
 As a reminiscence of the past, I am happy that I am able to preserve 
 the ode sung uu that occasion. 
 
 ODE 
 
 Performed he/ore, the Provincial Grand Lodge of South Carolina, on 
 the Festival of St. John the Eoa/ijefist, in 1770. 
 
 Written by Sir Egerton Leigh, Bart., Provincial Grand Master. 
 
 RECITATIVE. 
 
 Behuld the social band appears, 
 Imparting joy, dispelling fears! 
 And w.ik'd by duty and by choice, 
 ComiUvud the Sons of Freedom to rejoice. 
 
 SONG. 
 
 Boast not Monarch's human skill, 
 
 If the sculpt ur'd dome you raise; 
 Works of art by fancy's will, 
 
 Lead us oft t! trough folly's maze. 
 
 What if Phidias' chisel guide, 
 
 What if Titian's pencil grace; 
 Marble flatteis but our pride, 
 
 13aue of all the human race. 
 
 RECITATIVE. 
 
 'T is fr.mi the watchful culture of the mind, 
 A well directed soul, a sense refin'd, 
 That heavenly virtues spring to grace the man ; 
 Tl is be our noblest conflict and our plan. 
 
 * Pike's new room afterwards became the New Theatre. It was situated on 
 the west sid' v of Church street, about three doors south of St. Michael's Alley. 
 About 25 or 3ll years ago it was known as Sollce's Long room. It has been since 
 destro\ed, and the site is now occupied by a warehouse. I remember meeting 
 there in 18'i3 as one of the members of the "Friendship Literary Society," a 
 juvenile debating club. 
 
 f Powell's General Gazette, 29th December, 1772, No. 1932. 
 
 r 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 45 
 
 AIR. 
 
 Let the diamond's lustre blaze, 
 
 Call its water bright and clear, 
 But confess the greater praise 
 
 Rests on pity's gentle tear. 
 May the social virtues bind, 
 
 Tune each sympathetic heart, 
 Raise the feeble, lead the blind, 
 
 Wipe the tear that swells to start. 
 
 RECITATIVE. 
 
 Ye blessed ministers above, 
 Who guard the Good with purest hive, 
 Pr-pitious hear the notes of praise, 
 While Britaiu's sons their voices raise. 
 
 AIR. 
 
 Blessings await this western land, 
 Blessings o'erfluw with liberal hand; 
 Commerce uprears our infant State, 
 And golden currents make us gvcat ; 
 Fair Science lifts her hea I and cries, 
 "I come to make you good and wise." 
 These be the glories of each day, 
 Marking our monarch's gentle sway. 
 
 RECITATIVE. 
 
 Our social band, by lo e and honor join'd, 
 Unite their zeal as friends to human kind; 
 The mystic sense is out, the sign does move, 
 Behold the sign ! — Peace, Harmony and Love. 
 
 DUETTO. 
 
 Let the day be ever prais'd, 
 When the Royal Ckaft was raised : 
 Let the social virtues shine, 
 Doing good is sure divine. 
 
40 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHORUS. 
 
 Give the heroes all their due, 
 Twine their brows with laurels too; 
 But shall we no laurels find, . 
 For our love to human kind ? 
 Let the social virtues shine, 
 Doing good is sure divine. 
 
 There can be little doubt that- the Annual Communications, and 
 probably the Quarterly also, of «he Provincial Grand Lodge, were cou- 
 tinued during the years 1773, 177+ and 1775. The Province was, 
 however, much agitated during that period by the convulsions of the 
 political crisis, which terminated in 1776 in the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence of the thirteen Colonies, and which gave birth to a new 
 empire among the nations of the earth. The papers of that time, 
 never abundant in local news, are occupied almost entirely with the 
 discussion of the important matters wi ich then engaged the public 
 mind. The only tiles of the Gazette which now exist, an J which have 
 already supplied me with much information, are deficient in a few 
 numbers during those years, an J those unfortunately of the very dates 
 in which the notices of the Annual Communications might have been 
 looked for. I am thus unable to give any account of the progress of 
 the Provincial Grand Lodge during those yoars. Dalcho, however, 
 who, when he compiled his Ahiman Rezon, had access to the archives, 
 which have since b:en lost or destroyed, does not refer to an suspen- 
 sion of the Grand Lodge at at y time from 1754 until the end of the 
 Revolution, and subsequent transactions, which we find recorded in the 
 following years, lead me to conclude, without any hesitation, that the 
 Provincial Grand Lodge continued to hold its usual sessions. 
 
 Freemasonry during this period was assiduously cultivated by the 
 Subordinate Lodges, and there are several notices in reference to the 
 Order scattered through the columns of the Caroliua and the General 
 Gazette, the two newspapers then printed at Charleston. 
 
 On the 11th of May, 1774, a benefit was given by the American 
 Company of Comedians at the New Play House, in Church street, to 
 the Charity fund of Union Kilwinning Lodge. As the advertisement 
 announcing this benefit is a curiosity of some interest to the Masons of 
 the present day, I am gratified in being able to give nearly an exact 
 copy of it.* 
 
 * It is contained in the General Gazette, April. 1774. 
 
iN SOUTH CAROLINA. 4: 
 
 The LAST TIME, but one, of Performing this Seafon. 
 
 By PERMISSION of 
 His Honour the Lieutenant -Govern our. 
 
 For th'e BENEFIT of 
 The CHARITY FUND of The Union-Kilwinning Lodge, 
 appropriated to the Reluf ,>f At.l the Members 0/ the Society of 
 Free Masons, their Wives, Widovis, Children and Orphans, when 
 in Distrefs; 
 
 AT THE NEW THEATRE, 
 On WEDNESDAY next, May nth, 1774. 
 
 I>y The Amkrican Company, 
 Will be Prefented, The TRAG \i DY of 
 
 C A T ; 
 
 Never Performed There : 
 
 Colo, by Mr. Douglafs, 
 
 Sempronius, by Mr. Ha bam, 
 
 'Portius, by Mr. Henry, 
 Marcus, by Mr. Goodman, 
 Jnbn, by Mr. Hughes, 
 Syphaz, by Mr. Morris, 
 Lucius, by Mr. Dermot, 
 Die ius, by Mr. Woods, 
 Lucia, by Mifs Storer, 
 Marcia, by 31 rs. Morris. 
 
 An OCCASIONAL PROL03UE to be fpoken by Mr. Halltm; 
 
 An EULOGIUM on MASON ItY, to be fpoken as An EPILOGUE, 
 
 by Mr. Goodman ; 
 
 The MASON's ANTHEM by Mr. Woo/Is, &o. 
 
 To which Will be added, 
 A Comedy of Two Acts, called 
 
 THE REPRISAL, 
 
 Or, The Tars of Old England; 
 
 Never Performed There. 
 
 Litut. O 1 Clabber, (with a Song) by Mr. Henry, 
 
 Eufign Muclaymore, by Mr. Douglafs, 
 
 Lieut. Lyon, by Mr. Goodman, 
 
48 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Capt. Champignon, by Mr. Robert's, 
 
 Block, a Drunken Sailor, by Mr. Ilallam, 
 
 Heai-fhy. by Mr. Davies, 
 
 Brufh, by Mr. Hughes, 
 
 IJnUyard, (with ■< Hearts of Oak,") by Mr. Woolls. 
 
 Harriet, (with a Song in Character) by Mi s Storer. 
 
 To conclude with "Rule Britannia!" &c. 
 
 At the End of Act I. A NEW MASON'S SONG with a Chorus. 
 
 Boxes, 3»b. Pit, 2.">s Gallery 20s. 
 NO MONEY will be taken at the Doors, nor any perfon admitted 
 without TICKETS, which are fold at Mr Wells's, the Great Sta- 
 tionary aud Book Store, and by Mr. John Calvlrt, in Church 
 ftreet. 
 
 PLACES in the Boxes to be had of Mr. John Calvert. 
 
 The DOORS will be open at Five, and the Play begin precifely at a 
 
 Quarter pal't Six o'clock. 
 
 From contemporary documents we learn that this New Theatre was 
 at that time the property of Union Kilwinning Lodge. On the 1st of 
 July, 1774, there is an account of the performance of the tragedy of 
 Cato, by the pupils of Mr. Janes Thompson, which took p ace in the 
 new play house before a larire audie ce ; and it is added that '• the 
 members of the Union Kilwinning Lodge were happy in having an 
 opportunity of obliging the young gentle. nen aud their friends, as well 
 as the public in general, ty accommodating them with the use of the 
 theatre on the occasion." 
 
 On the 15th of July, in the same year, the following advertisement 
 appeared, signed by K< bert Wells, whether in his capacity as Grand 
 Seeretary, or more prob. b!y as a Broker, which was the business he 
 seems to have pursued, I am unable to say : 
 
 "The New Play House in Church street, during the absence of the 
 America Company from tl, 8 Province, is to be let for the benefit of 
 the Charity fund of the Union Kilwinning Lodge, and as it is now 
 entirely vacant, any person desiring to rent the same for one or two 
 years, m y apply for further paiticulars to 
 
 ROBERT WELLS." 
 
 Subsequently, in 1782, a large fire occurred in the city, and among 
 the buildings destroyed was this New Play House. On the 2Ulh A 
 May, iu that year, the following advertisement appeared : 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 49 
 
 "To the Public. 
 
 "The members of the Union Kilwinning Lodge, since the burning 
 of the Play House and the adjacent dancing Assembly Room, having 
 been solicited to build upon their lot where the play house stood a suit 
 of Public Rooms; give notice that, in consequence of such request, 
 they intend erecting upon the foundation of the late theatre such* a 
 suit of rooms properly calculated for the reception and accommodation 
 of Ladies and Gentlemen, as well as for the use of any public societies 
 that may think proper to frequent them. 
 
 "Any person inclinable to undertake to build the same, is desired to 
 give in his proposals (with estimates) to the subscriber, at No. 33 
 Trade! st.; and where the ground plan and elevation of said intended 
 building may be seen. JOHN TROUP." 
 
 This notice leaves us in no doubt that the ownership of the Theatre 
 was vested in Union Kilwinning Lodge, although I am unable to 
 discover why its funds were thus invested. The proposal was carried 
 out, aud on the site of the Play House was erected the building known 
 until about thirty years ago as Sollee's Concert Hall. 
 
 Sir Egerton Leigh, dissatisfied with the political principles of the 
 Province, which were fast verging on to that consummation which was 
 two years afterwards effected by the withdrawal of the thirteen 
 Colonies from the yoke of the British Government, departed perma- 
 nently for England, with all his family, on the 19th of June, 1774. 
 He did not leave a favorable character behind him. He had filled, 
 since he had arrived in Carolina, in 1753, the offices of Attorney 
 General, Surveyor General, member of the Council, and in the year of 
 his departure President of the Upper House of Assembly. He was, 
 however, an Englishman by birth, and the recipient of favors of great 
 value and distinction from the Crown. It was natural therefore that, 
 in the great quarrel which then existed between the Colonies and the 
 Mother Country, he should take the part of the latter. His enemies 
 would as naturally extenuate his virtues and exaggerate his faults. 
 There must, however, have been something wrong about him to induce 
 Garden to have written of him words like these : " The character of 
 Sir Egerton Leigh is so well known in Carolina that it is sufficient to 
 establish the infamy of a Court to say that he presided at it." With 
 every grain of allowance granted that should be given to the expression 
 of the opiniou of political foes, we still feel that the ermine which he 
 wore could not have been altogether pure. 
 I 
 
50 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 In leaving the Province, Sir Egerton, buoyed up perhaps with the 
 prospect that he would again return after the subjugation of the rebel- 
 lious Colony, did not resign his office as Provincial Grand Master. 
 He died, however, in England, in the year 1781. 
 
 The records of the Annual Communication in 1775 are lost. After 
 the strictest search among the Gazettes of that year, I can find no 
 Masonic notices whatever. 
 
 In 1776, John Wells, Jr., who still continued to act pro tempore as 
 Grand Secretary, summoned the Society to meet, not by order of the 
 Grand Master, but by that of the Grand Lodge. No attempt had yet 
 been made to supply the place of Sir Egerton Leigh, and as he had 
 not resigned, he was still, in all probability, considered as the Pro- 
 vincial Grand Master. In that year, the Annual Festival was cele- 
 brated at Poinsett's Tavern. There was a banquet, but no procession 
 and no sermon. 
 
 In 1777, the want of a Provincial Grand Master began to be felt, 
 and the Grand Lodge at a previous Quarterly Communication having 
 elected the Hon. Barnard Elliott, at the Annual Communication of 
 that year he was duly installed as "Grand Master of Masons in this 
 State." This is the first time that the word "State" is used in place 
 of that of "Province," which had formerly been employed. The 
 political independence of the country, which only six months before had 
 been declared at Philadelphia, was already beginning to produce its 
 effect on the Masonic Society. The title of "Provincial Grand 
 Lodge" does not afterwards appear to have been applied to the body, 
 except during the year that Charleston was again subject, after its 
 reduction, to the authority of the British Crown. These circum- 
 stances, and the fact that the Grand Lodge ignored the claim of Sir 
 Egerton Leigh to be still the Provincial Grand Master, as recognized 
 by his superior, the Grand Master of England, lead me irresistibly to 
 the conclusion that the existence of the Independent Grand Lodge of 
 South Carolina is to be dated from the year 1777. In this year there 
 was no procession and no discourse, but a banquet, at which nearly one 
 hundred brethren were present. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 51 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 FORMATION OF THE INDEPENDENT GRAND LODGE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Thus was the Independent Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted 
 Masons of the State of South Carolina established in the year 1777, 
 not by a dissolution of the old Provincial Grand Lodge, and the 
 organization by new Lodges of a superintending power, but by a 
 simple resolution of the Provincial Grand Lodge to throw off its Pro- 
 vincial and subordinate character, by a refusal to recognize any longer 
 the authority of the Deputation which had been granted to Sir 
 Egerton Leigh by the Duke of Beaufort, when the latter was the 
 presiding officer of the Grand Lodge of England, and by the election 
 of a Grand Master who was installed as "the Grand Master of Masons 
 of the State." Webb, Moore, Mitchell, and every other writer who 
 have said anything of the history of Masonry in South Carolina, have 
 placed the date of the establishment of a Grand Lodge in that State 
 in the year 1787. It will be seen hereafter that all these writers, 
 following Dalcho, who ought to have known better, have committed an 
 egregious error. The Grand Lodge established in 1787, of which I 
 shall hereafter have occasion to speak, was an irregular body, deriving 
 its authority from Lodges constituted through the Dermott or Athol 
 Grand Lodge of England, now universally acknowledged to have been 
 spurious, or in the technical lauguage of the institution, clandestine. 
 The true date of the organization of the Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina was the year 1777, and its first Grand Master was Barnard 
 Elliott. 
 
 The record of the Annual Communication of St. John the Evan- 
 gelist's day, in the year 1778, is wanting, but I find that a Quarterly 
 Communication was holden in that year at Brother Holliday's Tavern, 
 on East Bay, on the 25th of February. 
 
 In this year, a destructive fire occurred in Charleston, at which it 
 appears, from an advertisement in the daily papers, that the " Alphabets 
 of the Ledger and Register of Solomon's Lodge" were lost, and a 
 reward of five pounds was offered for the recovery of either of them. 
 
 But this same advertisement furnishes us with the singular informa- 
 
52 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 tion that Solomon's Lodge No. 1 was the owner of at least two pews in 
 St. Michael's Church. So much of the advertisement as announces 
 this fact may be interesting to the members of that Lodge. 
 
 " Taken out of the pews belonging to the said Lodge, [Solomon's,] 
 in St. Michael's Church, several prayer books, stamped on the outside 
 with gold letters, (Solomon's Lodge No. 1,) and the same wrote on 
 some of them in the inside. Whoever has got them, or can tell where 
 they may be had, will be amply rewarded for their trouble on giving 
 notice as above," — that is, to Thomas Harper. 
 
 In the present day, it would be difficult, perhaps impossible, to find 
 a Lodge in America whose members were so uniform in their religious 
 tenets as to authorize the Lodge to invest part of its wealth in the 
 purchase of a pew in any particular church. The same fire which 
 occasioned the loss of the books of Solomon's Lodge also destroyed the 
 play house, which was the property of Union Kilwinning Lodge. 
 
 In October, 1778, the Grand Lodge met with a loss in the death of 
 its Grand Master, the Hon. Barnard Elliott. He was a member of 
 the General Assembly, and a Lieutenant Colonel in the Continental 
 Corps of Artillery. He is spoken of as a charitable and humane 
 man, and a polite and affable gentleman. He was followed to the 
 grave by the Fraternity over whom he had presided for unfortunately 
 only a year and ten months. 
 
 The pressure of political troubles, the anxieties and dangers which 
 surrounded the attempt of this infant nation to assume its birth-right 
 as a free and independent people, must have had some influence in 
 impairing the prosperity of the Order, and in preventing the regularity 
 of its meetings. After the most diligent search, I have been unable 
 to find any record of the election of a successor to Elliott in 1778, or 
 of the meetings of the Grand Lodge in that year, or in 1779 and 
 1780. 
 
 On the 12th of May, 1780, the city of Charleston was, after a 
 vigorous siege, compelled to yield to the British forces, and the city 
 remained in possession of the enemy until the 14th of December, 
 1782, when it was evacuated. It seems, as one of the results of the 
 capitulation was to reduce the State once more to the condition of a 
 conquered Province, that those Masons who took part in the business 
 of the Society, the majority of whom must have been loyalists, 
 resolved entirely to ignore the proceedings by which an independent 
 Grand Lodge had been established in 1777, and to revive the existence 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 53 
 
 of the Provincial body. Accordingly the followiug notice, unaccom- 
 panied by any signature, appeared in the Royal Gazette on the 21st of 
 November, 1781 : 
 
 "The office of Provincial Grand Master being vacated by the death 
 of the Honorable Sir Egertou Leigh, Baronet, the Masters and War- 
 dens of the several regular constituted Lodges throughout the Province 
 are requested to meet at the house of Brother James Strickland, in 
 Charleston, on Saturday, the 1st of December next, at G o'clock in the 
 evening, to consider of a fit and proper brother to fill that high and 
 important station, and of other matters of the greatest importance to 
 the Craft." 
 
 This meeting was probably holden, and the proper person agreed 
 upon. For the Anniversary Communication took place on the 27th of 
 Pecember, 1781, when John Deas was unanimously elected Provincial 
 Grand Master, in the place of the late Sir Egerton Leigh. The 
 meeting on that occasion must, from obvious reasons, have been small, 
 for at the dinner, which subserviently took place, only sixty brethren 
 sat down to table. John Wells, who had heretofore been acting only 
 temporarily as Grand Secretary, was elected to that office at the 
 previous Quarterly Communication, and his name is so signed to the 
 public notice of the approaching Anniversary, which notice was pub- 
 lished on the 5th of December. 
 
 I have not been able to find the account of the Annual Communi- 
 cation in 17S2. There can be no doubt, however, that one was 
 holden, and as John Wells, the Grand Secretary, was a loyalist, and 
 left the city at the time of its evacuation by the British, the Grand 
 Lodge, in all probability, at its Anniversary Meeting in 1782, elected 
 John Ballantine as his successor, for I find his name subscribed as 
 Grand Secretary to the Masonic notices in the year 1783. 
 
 In 1783, the Anniversary Communication was celebrated at the City 
 Tavern, iu Broad street. The Grand Lodge had now again assumed 
 its independent character, and in the summons of the Grand Secretary 
 it is styled, " The Grand Lodge of the Most Ancient and Honorable 
 Society of Free and Accepted Masons of and for the State." On this 
 occasion there was the usual dinner, but no procession to church, and 
 of course no sermon. 
 
 In this year, the first notice occurs of the Ancient York Masons, a 
 distinct body not recognizing the authority of the regular Grand 
 Lodge. In 1783, their Lodges celebrated the Festival of St. John 
 the Baptist, in Charleston, and as this schismatic body subsequently 
 
54 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 played an important part in the history of Masonry in South Carolina, 
 I suppose the reader will be interested in reading a full report of this 
 their first public appearance. I quote it from Miller's Gazette of 25th 
 of June, 1783. 
 
 " The Ancient York Mason's Lodges of this city, yesterday cele- 
 brated the Anniversary of St. John the Baptist. The procession was 
 numerous, and the splendid appearance which the brethren made was 
 truly pleasing to the spectators. A most excellent sermon, suitable to 
 the occasion, was preached before them at St. Philip's Church, by the 
 Rev. Mr. Stuart, after which they dined together at the Lodge room, 
 in Lodge alley. The recollection that this meeting was one of the 
 consequences of the blessings of peace did not a little contribute to 
 the happiness of the day. After dinner the following toasts were 
 given : 
 
 I. The memory of the Holy St. John. 
 
 II. All worthy brethren throughout the globe, wheresoever dispersed 
 and however distressed. 
 
 III. Our illustrious brother, Washington. 
 
 IV. May virtue, benevolence and charity ever distinguish the Craft. 
 
 V. All Masons' widows and orphans. 
 
 VI. The States and the Craft.* 
 
 VII. The Grand Masters of Ancient Masons round the globe. 
 
 VIII. May the arts and sciences flourish wherever Ancient Masons 
 are known. 
 
 IX. The heart that conceals, 
 
 And the tongue that never reveals. 
 
 X. All true hearted brethren who live within compass and square- 
 XL To the perpetual honor of Freemasons. 
 
 XII. To all the female friends of Freemasonry. 
 
 XIII. To the increase of perpetual friendship amongst the Ancient 
 Craft." 
 
 Of the Ancient York Masons I shall soon have occasion to speak 
 more particularly. Commencing thus in 1783, they continue promi- 
 nently before us in South Carolina until 1817, and the history of their 
 Grand Lodge, which was established in 1787, must be treated pari 
 passu with that of the regular Grand Lodge of South Carolina. 
 
 In 1784, the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons celebrated 
 the Anniversary of St. John the Evangelist in an unusual manner. 
 
 * This was a change of the old Masonic toast, " the King and the Craft." 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 55 
 
 The Grand Lodge, which theu consisted of eleven Lodges, met at 9 
 o'clock in the forenoon, at the City Tavern, and the brethren then 
 " proceeded to his Worshipful the Grand Master's house, No. 67 
 Meeting street, in order to escort him in due form to the Lodge room." 
 There was a dinner, but no sermon nor other public demonstration, 
 except a procession from the Lodge room to the residence of the Grand 
 Master and back again. Attention began now to be paid to the per- 
 gonal appearance of the members, and for the first time we meet with 
 such a notice as this in the summons of the Grand Secretary : 
 
 " It is requested and expected that the brethren will provide them- 
 selves with new clothing fit aud proper for the occasion." 
 
 Was this one of the consequences of the rivalry now beginning to 
 spring up between the two Masonic bodies then existing in the State ? 
 
 On St. John the Evangelist's day, in 1785, there was a procession, 
 a sermon aud a banquet. As the papers of the day give a full account 
 of this celebration, aud as we are thus placed in possession of the 
 order of procession which was observed at that time, I copy it in full 
 as an important Masonic document.* 
 
 " Tuesday last being St. John the Evangelist's day, the Grand Lodge 
 of the Most Ancient aud Houorable Society of Free and Accepted 
 Masons of and for this State, with the officers of the eleven Lodges, 
 and a numerous company of the brethren, foreign and domestic, pur- 
 suant to summons, assembled at the City Tavern, and from thence, in 
 the following order, proceeded to St. Philip's Church, where an 
 excellent sermon, suitable to the occasion, was delivered by the Rev. 
 Robert Smith, Pastor of that Church : 
 
 The Tyler of the Grand Lodge, with his sword drawn. 
 
 Band of Music. 
 
 The Five Orders. 
 
 The Bible, Square and Compass. 
 
 Apprentices. 
 
 Fellow Crafts. 
 
 Master Masons. 
 
 Secretaries of Lodges. 
 
 Treasurers of Lodges. 
 
 Junior Wardens of Lodges. 
 
 Senior Wardens of Lodges. 
 
 Masters of Lodges. 
 
 * See Miller's Gazette, 29th December, 1785. 
 
56 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Past Masters of Lodges. 
 Past Grand Stewards. 
 The six present Grand Stewards, with their rods and jewels. 
 Grand Secretary and Treasurer. 
 Former Grand Officers. 
 Junior and Senior Grand Wardens. 
 The Deputy Grand Master. 
 The Grand Master, 
 Preceded by the sword of state, borne by the Grand Sword Bearer. 
 The procession closing with the Tylers of Lodges for Charleston. 
 " After divine service, they returned to the Lodge Room, dined 
 together, in number eighty, and celebrated their thirty-first* Anniver- 
 sary with that innocent festivity, sobriety, decorum, joy, peace, 
 brotherly love and affection becoming their truly laudable profession, 
 several masonical toasts being drank, many masouical songs sung, and 
 a concert of instrumental music being performed, the Lodge was in 
 due time and form closed. 
 
 " The only contention there seemed to be, 
 Who better should work and who better agree." 
 
 Hence "the Grand Lodge of the Most Ancient and Honorable 
 Society of Free and Accepted Masons," for this was the title it had 
 assumed as the lineal descendant and successor of the Provincial 
 Grand Lodge which had been established in the year 1736, continued 
 regularly and uninterruptedly to hold its meetings, to elect its officers, 
 and to perform its other Masonic duties. Unfortunately the files of 
 the daily journals from October, 1786, to January, 1793, are wanting, 
 an "hiatus valde defiendus" having occurred in the collection of the 
 Charleston Library, the only one in the State, and from which I have 
 already derived so much interesting information. Happily, however, 
 the period has now arrived when we can apply to other sources which 
 will enable me to complete this preliminary sketch. 
 
 In the year 1787, a circumstance occurred of the greatest impor- 
 tance to the fortunes of Masonry in South Carolina. The Ancient 
 York Masons in that year organized a rival Grand Lodge, which 
 
 * The reporter is here evidently in error. By a reference to the preamble of 
 the Act of incorporation of the Grand Lodge in 1791, it will be found, as what I 
 already have shown will confirm, that the true beginning of the Provincial Grand 
 Lodge was in 1*736. This, therefore, was its forty-ninth Anniversary. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. ;,- 
 
 succeeded for exactly thirty years in dividing the jurisdiction between 
 two contending parties, the necessary result of which was the intro- 
 duction of discord and the dissolution of all harmony. But before I 
 can undertake a history of these important events, it is necessary, for 
 the comprehension of the general reader, that a brief sketch should be 
 given of the rise and progress of this schism from the regular Grand 
 Lodge of England, which, passing over into this country, produced its 
 unpleasant effects in almost every one of the original thirteen Colonies. 
 But this must be the subject of another chapter. 
 
58 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE ANCIENT YORK MASONS IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 In the latter part of the seventeenth century, Freemasonry appears 
 to have fallen into great neglect in England. The infirmities of Sir 
 Christopher Wren, who was then the Grand Master, prevented him 
 from mingling with the Craft, and the Lodges, says Anderson, suffered 
 greatly for want of his presence, as usual, in visiting and regulating 
 their meetings. Hence, they were reduced to a very small number, 
 and the zeal of the members was greatly diminished. This was in the 
 South of England. In the North, there was, it is true, a Grand 
 Lodge at York, which claimed to date its existence from the General 
 Assembly, held by Prince Edwin, in 926, in that city. But the very 
 meagre accounts that we possess of the transactions of that Grand 
 Lodge, do not lead us to believe that Freemasonry was in a better con- 
 dition in York than it was in London. 
 
 In the year 1717, what is commonly called the revival in Masonry 
 took place. Four Lodges, perhaps the only ones at that time in 
 London, met at the Apple-tree Tavern, and having put the oldest 
 Master Mason, being the Master of a Lodge, in the chair, then 
 organized the- Grand Lodge of England, which at once assumed the 
 control of the institution in the South, at least, of England, without 
 interfering with the anterior jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of York 
 in the Northern counties. 
 
 Among the first enactments of the revived Grand Lodge was one 
 prescribing the mode in which new Lodges should thereafter be 
 organized. Up to that time a sufficient number of Masons having 
 met together in any district, were authorized, with the consent of the 
 Sheriff or Chief Magistrate of the place, to open a Lodge, to make 
 Masons, and to practice all the rites of Masonry. But the Grand Lodge 
 now annulled that power of self-constitution, and decreed "that every 
 Lodge to be hereafter convened should be legally authoiized to act by 
 a warrant from the Grand Master for the time being, granted to 
 certain individuals by petition, with the consent and approbation of 
 the Grand Lodge in communication; and that without such warrant 
 no Lodge should be hereafter deemed regular or constitutional."* 
 
 * Preston's Illustrations, p. 182, Oliver's edition. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 59 
 
 It is evident that the first effect of such a decree was to give to all 
 the Masons, within the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge, but one 
 head. Accordingly, the Grand Lodge at London assumed the juris- 
 diction of the Southern part of the island, under the title of the 
 Grand Lodge of England, the jurisdiction of the Northern part being 
 retained by the old Grand Lodge at York, which was designated as the 
 Grand Lodge of all England* 
 
 As early as the year 1738, certain brethren became dissatisfied with 
 the Grand Lodge of England, in consequence of some changes which 
 it had thought proper to make in the ritual, and separating themselves 
 from its regular Lodges, began to hold meetings and to make Masons, 
 contrary to the regulations of the Grand Lodge. As, a short time 
 previously, the Grand Lodge at London had most improperly encroached 
 upon the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge at York, an unpleasant and 
 unfraternal feeling arose between these two bodies, and the recusant 
 Masons taking advantage of this condition of things, assumed at their 
 meetings the name of York Masons, doubtless anticipating thereby 
 their favorable recognition by the Grand Lodge of York. 
 
 These irregularities were at times checked and punished, and again 
 renewed, until at last, about the year 1755, the seceding brethren 
 assumed independence, and organized a Grand Lodge of their own.f 
 To distinguish themselves from the regular Grand Lodge, which had 
 been established in 1717, they called their own body the " Ancient 
 Grand Lodge," while they invidiously styled that of their opponents 
 the "Modern Grand Lodge." 
 
 * Preston's Illustrations, p. 190, Oliver's edition. 
 
 f The carelessness with which Masonic history was written in the last century 
 creates some doubt as to the exact date of the organization of this Grand Lodge. 
 Thus Preston, (at p. 212,) writing under the date of 1739, says, "they instituted 
 a new Grand Lodge in London, professedly on the Ancient system," and yet, (at 
 p. 358,) he says that " the Ancients, after their secession, continued to hold their 
 meetings without acknowledging a superior, till 1772." Their own Ahinian 
 Rezon, of which I possess three editions, gives hardly any reference to dates, and 
 contains no list of their Grand Officers or Annual elections. Thory (Acta 
 Latent, I., 276,) gives a chronological list of their Grand Masters, by which it 
 appears that the Earl of Blessington was elected Grand Master in 1757, the Earl 
 of Kelly in 1701, and the Duke of Athol in 1772. In 1755, the first formal 
 notice of the schismatic body is taken by the Grand Lodge of England, and, 
 according to the intimations of Oliver, (for I can nowhere find an exact state- 
 ment of the precise date,) the Ancients must have established their Grand Lodge 
 about 1758-1765. The schism, however, began in 1739. 
 
IgQ HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Preston, who has given a fuller account of this schism than any 
 other writer, says that the seceding Masons "propagated an opinion 
 that the ancient tenets and practices of Masonry were preserved hy 
 them : and that the regular Lodges, heing composed of modern 
 Masons, had adopted new plans, and were not to be considered as 
 acting under the old establishment."* 
 
 Preston here candidly admits that the " Moderns" were charged by 
 the "Ancients" with a defection from the ancient landmarks, and we 
 have reasons for believing that this defection consisted in a change in 
 certain important parts of the ritual. Dermott, who was one of the 
 leaders of the Ancients, says that the innovation was made in the 
 reign of King George the first. That a change was actually made is 
 now universally admitted, and opposition to this change was assigned, 
 by the Ancient Masons, (as they called themselves,) as a reason for the 
 conduct of the irregular Masons, who, in 1738, while still holding 
 their warrants from the regular Grand Lodge, nevertheless proceeded to 
 work according to the ancient institutions and forms, and also eventually, 
 for the establishment of the Grand Lodge of Ancient Freemasons in 
 1755. Of this Grand Lodge, Dermott was at one time the Grand 
 Secretary, and afterwards the Deputy Grand Master, and it is no doubt 
 to his indefatigable zeal that we are to attribute the signal success and 
 popularity of the schismatic body. He also compiled for it a Book of 
 Constitutions, which he entitled an " Ahiman Rezon," a name which 
 was subsequently given to the Books of Constitutions and Monitors of 
 all the bodies in America, which directly or indirectly derived their 
 existence and authority from the schismatic body. The Duke of 
 Athol was elected its Grand Master, and retained the office for many 
 years, being succeeded at his death by his son. Hence this Grand 
 Lodge of Ancients is often called, by way of distinction, the Athol 
 Grand Lodge, and the persons initiated in Lodges under its jurisdic- 
 tion, Athol Masons. iVnother name which they assumed in America 
 was that of Ancient York Masons, to indicate their claim to a descent, 
 not from the Grand Lodge at London, but from the older one at York, 
 a claim, however, to which impartial history cannot recognize their 
 exclusive right. 
 
 Thus then we find in the year 1755 two Grand Lodges at London, 
 the "Grand Lodge of the Society of Free and Accepted Masons," 
 which was established in 1717, and now began to be known as the 
 
 * Preston's Illustrations, p. 211. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. ,;i 
 
 '• Moderns," and the "Grand Lodge of Aucient Masons," which was 
 organized in 1755 by seceders from the first body.* 
 
 In 1772, the Duke of Athol, who was Grand Master of the Grand 
 Lodge of Scotland, was also elected Grand Master of the Grand Lodge 
 of Ancient Masons, and in that year both the Grand Lodges of Scot- 
 land and Ireland entered into a fraternal correspondence with the 
 Aucient Grand Lodge. 
 
 Lawrief admits that the Irish and Scotch Masons favored the 
 Ancients, and it is confirmatory of this remark that in all cases where 
 Lodges were established in America by the Grand Lodge of Scotland, 
 these Lodges at once assumed the name, and appear to have pursued 
 the ritual, of the Ancients. 
 
 The schism thus begun in England, in time passed over into Ame- 
 rica, where the Lodges established by the Grand Lodge of Scotland, 
 or afterwards by the Athol Grand Lodge of England, placed them- 
 selves as "Ancients," in opposition to those that derived their 
 authority from what was the regular, but then known as the Modern, 
 Grand Lodge of England. 
 
 Thus, in 1752, the Grand Lodge of Scotland established a Lodge of 
 Ancients in Massachusetts, which for a long time coutended with the 
 Provincial Grand Lodge, which had been established in that Colony in 
 17o3 by the constitutional Grand Lodge of England. In 1753, the 
 Athol Grand Lodge, or, as it was also called, the Grand Lodge of 
 Ancient York Masons, intruded on the jurisdiction of Pennsylvania, 
 and eventually that Colony instituted a Grand Lodge of Ancients. 
 
 Tu 1781, it also granted a warrant for the establishment of a Pro- 
 vincial Grand Lodge in New York. 
 
 At what precise date the Athol or Ancient York Masons invaded 
 the Masonic jurisdiction of South Carolina, I am unable to say. On 
 this subject, the deficiency of records leaves us entirely in the dark, 
 except with such dim and uncertain light as is furnished by conjecture. 
 
 * Dermott, speaking in his Aliim;in Rezon of what he calls these "two great 
 communities now in England," describee them as follows: 
 
 "The Ancients, under the name of Fire and Accepted Masons. The Moderns, 
 under the name of Free Masons of England. And though a similarity of names, 
 yet they differ exceedingly in makings, ceremonies, knowledge, Masonical language 
 and installations, so much that they have always been and -till continue to be two 
 distinct societies, totally independent of each Other.'' — AMman /.'< on, i 
 177S, p. xliii. 
 
 f History of Freemasonry, p. 116; 
 
62 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Dalcho says that at the termination of the American Revolution there 
 were four Lodges of Ancient York Masons in the State, but he writes 
 with such disregard of precision as to dates, and such general latitude 
 of expression, that in any matter of uncertainty his authority cannot 
 be depended on as a Masonic historian. 
 
 At all events, we have already learned that they made their first 
 public appearance in the State in the year 1783, when the York 
 Lodges celebrated the Festival of St. John the Baptist. 
 
 We also know that in 1787 they consisted of five Lodges, namely, 
 numbers 38, 40 and -47, which derived their warrants from the Grand 
 Lodge of Pennsylvania, itself a York Grand Lodge, and numbers 190 
 and 236, which had been chartered by the Athol Grand Lodge of 
 England. 
 
 Dalcho states positively that Lodge No. 236 held its warrant from 
 the legitimate or Modern Grand Lodge of England, and as he is 
 obliged to admit that that Lodge united with the four others in forming 
 the Grand Lodge of South Carolina Ancient York Masons, he draws 
 from this fact the conclusion that there must have been a unity of 
 principles and work between the two parties, a singularly erroneous 
 theory, in the belief of which he has always enjoyed the satisfaction of 
 being without a single disciple among Masonic historians. 
 
 Now, there is not in any of his writings a more pregnant evidence 
 than this of the carelessness with which he makes historical state- 
 ments, and then froni his gratuitous premises deduces his equally 
 gratuitous conclusions. 
 
 The union of Lod^e No. 236 with the four York Lodges in the 
 organization of a Grand Lodge is no evidence of any "unity of 
 principles and work" between the Ancients and the Moderns, simply 
 because Lodge No. 236 never derived its warrant, as he says, from the 
 Modern Grand Lodge of England, but was as good and true a York 
 Lodge as any of the other four. 
 
 Dalcho's statement, made in the historical appendix to the second 
 edition of his " Ahiman Eezon," has been allowed to pass current for 
 an historical fact, simply because nobody ever undertook to investigate 
 the matter. 
 
 In 1809, during the controversy which arose on account of the 
 union of the two Grand Lodges of South Carolina in the preceding 
 year, we find a mere inkling of the truth. For when the statement 
 was then made by the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, in a pamphlet 
 published by its authority, and addressed to what it called "the Seced- 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 63 
 
 ing Masons," the latter published an able reply, in which they 
 designate this statement as " a gross misrepresentation," and they thus 
 explain what they suppose to be the true position of Lodge No. 236 : 
 
 " Lodge No. 2, formerly No. 236, was conducted by a gentleman of 
 high standing and much respectability, both as a man and Mason, and 
 we rest satisfied that he would never have done an act but what was 
 strictly honorable. He was originally a Modern Mason, but his situa- 
 tion in life rendered it necessary he should go to the Northward ; when 
 there he attempted to visit some of the Ancient York Lodges, suppos- 
 ing them to be of the same fraternity as himself. But on trial he 
 fouud his mistake, and resolved to become an Ancient York Mason. 
 Accordingly he did, and prevailed on the members of his Lodge to do 
 the same. This we hold ourselves bound to prove if called upon." 
 
 Notwithstanding the bold asseveration with which this statement 
 concludes, it is evident tint an explanation given in 1809 of transac- 
 tions which had occurred in 1787, and which were of such a nature as 
 not to render it at all probable that the account of them could have been 
 transmitted in writing, must be mainly of a traditional character, and 
 subject, therefore, to all the errors to which traditions are obnoxious. 
 It was, however, although not the whole truth, yet an approximation 
 to it. While admitting, which they need not have done if they had 
 read the proper documents, that Lodge No. 236 was once a Modern 
 Lodge, they assert that it had changed its character, and in 1787 had 
 become an Ancient York one. 
 
 But they do not give any intimation that the Lodge, with the change 
 of its principles, had also changed its warrant. 
 
 Now the facts, collected from various sources, after great labor, and 
 supported by documentary evidence, which is the only sort of evidence 
 that, in such a case as this, is WQrthy of attention, are these: 
 
 The statement in the answer of the Seceding Masons just cited, 
 informs us that Lodge No. 236 was the same Lodge as No. 2, and the 
 name by which it was known was " Marine Lodge." Now Marine 
 Lodge, as we learn from a notice in Timothy's Gazette, under date of 
 29th December, 1766, was constituted on the 22d of the same month 
 by the Provincial Grand Lodge of South Carolina. Its number is not 
 given, but it must have been No. 7, as it was preceded by Union 
 Kilwinning and the Master's Lodge, the former of which was No. 4, 
 and the latter No. 6. At that time, then, it was evidently a Lodge of 
 Modern Masons, for there were no York Masons in the Province, and 
 
04 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 the Provincial Grand Lodge' derived all its authority from the regular 
 Grand Lodge of England. 
 
 But the answer of the Seceding Masons asserts that in consequence 
 of a visit to the North, (where it may be observed the Athol Lodges 
 were in the ascendant,) the Master of No. 236 had changed his views 
 and become an Ancient York Mason, and that on his return home he 
 induced the members of his Lodge to follow his example. Now if 
 this be a fact, then it is evident that Marine Lodge No. 7 could no 
 longer have retained its warrant under the Provisional Grand Lodge. 
 By the act of becoming York Masons its members had forfeited then- 
 warrant, even if they had not, under a sense of honor, surrendered it. 
 
 The next step then would be to apply to the Athol Grand Lodge of 
 England, or some other Grand Lod^e of Ancient York Masons, for a 
 new warrant. If this were granted, the name of the Lodge would not 
 of course be affected, but the number would. Marine Lodge No. 7, 
 under the Provincial Grand Lodge of South Carolina, would become 
 Marine Lodge No. 236, under the Athol Grand Lodge of England. 
 
 It may be, however, that this statement is reconcilable with historic 
 truth, and that when the members of Lodge No. 236 changed their 
 views, they also abandoned their original warrant from the Modern 
 Grand Lodge of England, and applied to the Athol Grand Lodge for a 
 new one. Of this, however, I have no evidence, and such an opinion 
 can only be based on conjecture. 
 
 But the fact, as supported by documentary evidence, and that is the 
 only kind of evidence that, in such a case as this, is worth attending 
 to, is that both Lodge No. 190 and Lodge No. 236 held their warrants 
 from the Athol Grand Lodge of England. And the proof is this : 
 
 In the seventh edition of Dermott's " Ahiman Rezon," published at 
 London in 1807, under the editorship of Thomas Harper, then the 
 Deputy Grand Master of the Athol Giand Lodge, a copy of which is 
 now lying before me, is a list of the foreign Ledges under that Grand 
 Lodge. Two of them are stated to be existing in Charleston, South 
 Carolina, and their names and places of meeting are given in the 
 following words : 
 
 " 190, City Tavern. 
 236, Queen Street." 
 
 Still more positively to confirm the truth of this statement, I first 
 refer to the extract from the reply of the Seceding Masons in 1809, 
 which has already been quoted, and I find that in that year Lodge No. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. (55 
 
 236 was known as Lodge No. 2. This is easily underwood. Of 
 course when, on the organization of the Grand Lodge of York Masons 
 of South Carolina, of which it formed a constituent part, it surren- 
 dered its old wan ant to its Mother Grand Lodge, it took a new one, 
 and with it a new number from the Grand Lodge which it had assisted 
 in establishing. Then Marine Lodge No. 7, under the Provincial 
 Grand Lodge, which by its change of views had become Marine Lodge 
 No. 236, under the Athol Grand Lodge of England, by the new 
 organization became Marine Lodge No. 2, under the Grand Lodge of 
 South Carolina Ancient York Masons. 
 
 Agai:i, in Ncgrin's "Register of the Lodges of Masons in South 
 Carolina and Georgia," annexed to his "Freemason's Vocal Assistant," 
 and published at Charleston in 1807, I find that Marine Lodge No. 2 
 is recorded as meeting at "1>. Wood's, No. 97 Queea st.," so that the 
 number of the Lodge and the place of its meeting servo positively 
 to identify the Lodge No. 236, recorded on the registry of the Athol 
 Grand Lodge of England, in Harper's edition of Dennott, with the 
 Lodge No. 236 which united with four other York Lodges in forming, 
 in 1787, the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons of South Carolina. 
 And so Dalcho's statement that it was a Modern Lodge, holding unler 
 the regular Grand Lodge of England, falls incontinently to the ground, 
 and his deduction about "unity of principles and work" between the 
 two bodies, which depended on the truth of that statement, is abso- 
 lutely worthless. But this has been no uncommon way of writing 
 Masonic history, or indeed history of any kind. The rule has too 
 often been, first to frame the theory and then to invent the facts to 
 support it. 
 
 Having thus removed the rubbish, we are prepared to lay tho foun- 
 dation of the York Grand Lodge of South Carolina according to true 
 historic form. 
 
 Thero were in the State in the year 1786 five Lodges of Ancient 
 York Masons which did not acknowledge allegiance to the Grand 
 Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of South Carolina. These wero 
 Lodges No. 190 and 236, which derived their warrants from the Athol 
 Grind Lodge of England, and Lodges No. 38, 40 and 47, which held 
 under the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, that body being Ancient 
 York in its Masonry. 
 
 Now, according to the rule laid down by Dennott, and adhered to by 
 thj Aucient York Masous, although it never was a landmark nor old 
 5 
 
66 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 regulation, and not therefore observed by the Free and Accepted 
 Masons, five Lodges were necessary to the legal formation of a Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 The York Masons, being desirous of organizing a Grand Lodge of 
 their own Order, determined to take the necessary measures for accom- 
 plishing that object. Dalcho says that they proposed terms of union 
 to the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons; which, at that 
 time, had eleven Lodges under i!s jurisdiction, but as neither party 
 was disposed to accept the conditions proposed by the other, all hope 
 of effecting such an union was at length abandoned, and the York 
 Masons resolved to take the necessary steps for the establishment of an 
 independent head. 
 
 Accordingly a Convention of the Ancient York Masons in the State 
 was called, which met at the Lodge room in Lodge Alley, in Charles- 
 ton, on the 24th of December, 1786, when, after due deliberation, the 
 following resolution was adopted : 
 
 "That the Worshipful Master of Lodge No. 190, the senior Lodge, 
 be requested to issue his summons to the Officers and Past Masters of 
 the several Ancient and regularly constituted Lodges in this State, to 
 meet in Convention, for the express purpose of taking into considera- 
 tion the interest of the true Craft, and to deliberate on the expediency 
 of forming a Grand Lodge." 
 
 This Convention, which, in the record, is called "a Grand Conven- 
 tion of Ancient York Masons," was held at the same place, on the 1st 
 of January, 1787. The Masters, Past Masters and Wardens of 
 Lodges No. 190, 38, 40, 47 and 236 were present. 
 
 The following is the official record of the proceedings on that 
 occasion : 
 
 "The Convention having met, agreeably to summons, for the 
 express purpose of taking into consideration the interests of the true 
 Craft, and to deliberate on the expediency of forming a Grand Lodge 
 in the State of South Carolina : 
 
 " The following motion was unanimously agreed to : 
 
 "That Monday, the 5th day of February next, be the day appointed 
 for the election of a Grand Master, Deputy Grand Master, and other 
 Grand Officers, to form a Grand Lodge, (free from any other juris- 
 diction,) for the State of South Carolina, and Masonic jurisdiction 
 thereof." 
 
 A Convention was, in pursuance of this resolution, held at the 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 67 
 
 Lodge room in Lodge Alloy, when the members proceeded to ballot for 
 the necessary officers, and the following brethren were elected: 
 
 Hon. William Drayton, Grand Master; 
 Hon. Mordccai Gist, Deputy Grand Master; 
 Edward Weyman, Esq., Senior Grand Warden; 
 Peter Smith, Esq., Junior Grand Warden; 
 Robert Knox, Esq., Grand Treasurer; 
 Alexander Alexander, Grand Secretary. 
 
 I find it stated in the "General Rules and Regulations" for the 
 government of this body, a copy of which, printed In 1795, is in my 
 possession, that the " Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masous was 
 properly instituted and established on the 24th day of March, in the 
 year 1787." 
 
 Dalcho throws no light on the subject, but we are compelled to infer 
 that the meeting on the 5th of February was only preliminary, and 
 that the officers having been elected were finally installed, and the 
 Grand Lodge duly and completely organized on the 24th of March 
 following. This then is the date of the establishment of a York 
 Grand Lodge in South Carolina, which, now that all the actors in that 
 and the other important events to which it led have passed away, we 
 may say was a most fruitful source of discord in the jurisdiction, and 
 the means of introducing many innovations from the ancient land- 
 marks, which even now are not yet all removed. 
 
 As soon as the Grand Lodge was organized, the following circular 
 letter was transmitted to the different Grand Lodges of England, Scot- 
 land, Ireland and America : 
 
 CIRCULAR. 
 
 • " We, the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons for the State of 
 South Carolina, and the Masonic jurisdiction thereunto belonging, 
 legally and constitutionally erected and organized, and in ample form 
 assembled ; beg leave, with all due respect, and in the true spirit of 
 brotherly love, to announce to you our formation as such ; to declare 
 the purity of those motives which led to it; to assure you that, by 
 this act, we mean not to dissolve, but to strengthen that union by 
 which the ancient brethren throughout all nations are connected, and 
 to request your countenance and correspondence. 
 
 '• This act, brethren, is not without precedent, nor was the measure 
 hastily or unadvisedly adopted ; the truth of this assertion will appear 
 
03 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 from the facts stated in the preamble to those warrants we have granted 
 the Lodges under our jurisdiction ; a copy of which we have above 
 prefixed, a3 coutaiui.ig a precise account of the foundation of this 
 Grand Lodge. 
 
 " The necessity of the measure, and the motives which actuated the 
 brethren to proceed in this important business, will appear obvious to 
 the Masonic world from a few plain facts. Tha Ancient Lodges iu 
 this State were constituted under different authorities, and subject to 
 different and very distinct jurisdictions ; consequently the funds (the 
 first natural object of which is the relief of such distress as comes 
 immediately under the observation of the brethren,) were necessarily 
 subject to b? diffused to distant regions, and thereby divided into such 
 inconsiderable portions, that the charity was rendered of less effect 
 than if those funds were more compact; add to this, that under the 
 foregoing circumstances, and without a local head, it might become at 
 least possible for the Lodges in this State to differ in sentini'-nt, to 
 deviate by degrees tro.n the strict union of Freemasonry, and to vary 
 from that conformity to ancient landmarks, and uniformity in working, 
 which ought ever to be held sacred among the brethren. 
 
 " To render the divine principle of charity more effectual, to cement 
 harmony and brotherly love, to preserve union, conformity and uni- 
 formity among our Lodges, and to cultivate strict fellowship with all 
 the Ancient Masonic bodies, within reach of our correspondence, were 
 our motives for forming and establishing a Grand Lodge in this State, 
 to ' guide, govern and direct' our local proceedings; and for the 
 sincerity of those motives, we appeal to that Great Architect, who 
 built up the human heart, and searches the inmost recesses of its 
 fabric. 
 
 " We entreat you to honor us with your friendly advice and fraternal 
 assistance in the great work of Masonry, and we pray that the Supreme 
 Builder and Ruler of Heaven and earth may graciously continue you, 
 Right Worshipful brethren, iu his holy keeping." 
 
 We learn from the contemporary records that some dissatisfaction 
 was expressed by many, even of the York Masons, at the mode in 
 which the Grand Lodge was established. The officers of Lodge No. 
 40, which held its warrant from the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, 
 and who had attended the various preliminary conventions, solemnly 
 protested, on the 9th of August, 1787, before John Troup, E?q., a 
 Notary Public, against the Convention of the 5th of February, whea 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 60 
 
 tTic officers were elected, and at the same time addressed a memorial to 
 the Grand Loilgs of Pennsylvania. The protest was signed by the 
 Masters and Wardens, and six Past Masters. The principal grounds 
 of complaint were that the officers were not elected according to 
 ancient custom, and that disrespect had been shown to the Mother 
 Grand Lodges, under whom the respective Lodges held their warrants, 
 in not requesting their consent to the organization. 
 
 Dalcho, who writes as though he had seen the protest, which I have 
 not, argues very sensibly on the subject. He says: 
 
 " [t appears to us, at this distant day, that there was no great causo 
 for the excitement produced. The temper in which the memorial is 
 drawn up, indicates too much of personal feeling to allow us to ascribe 
 the opposition altogether to a mere difference of Masonic forms. Lodge 
 No. 40 were present when the foimation of the Grand Lodge was 
 unanimously agreed upon, and were likewise pre.-ent at the election of 
 officers. A majority of votes, of course, decided the election, notwith- 
 standing the disapprobation of this Lodge. Their subsequent protest 
 could not invalidate the proceedings. On the other point of com- 
 plaint, there caunot be a doubt, that it would have been more decorcus 
 in the subordinate Lodges, and more respectful to the Grand Lodges, 
 which had given them their warrants, to have obtained their previous 
 consent, which unquestionably would not have been refused." 
 
 The opposition of Lodge No. 40 did not, however, affect the pros- 
 perity, nor retard the progress of the new Grand Lodge. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of York Masons of course adopted a code of 
 "General Rules and Regulations," and introduced a system of Masonic 
 jurisprudence into South Carolina, which, under the legitimate govern- 
 ment of its Provincial Grand Lodge, and the Gran 1 Lodge of Free and 
 Accepted Masons, which was its legal successor, had never been known. 
 
 It admitted Past Masters to membership in the Grand Lodge, and 
 thus at once destroyed the representative character of that body. In 
 the regular Grand Lodge, Masters and Wardens alone represented 
 their Lodges, and composed the constituents of the Grand Lodge. In 
 none of the summonses to the Communications of the Grand Lodge of 
 Free and Accepted Masons which I have seen, are Past Masters even 
 named. Thus to select at random one out of several now before me, 
 I find the summons to the Quarterly Communication of the 18th of 
 June, 1763, is in these words: 
 
 " All present and former Grand and other Officers and Stewards of 
 the Most Ancient and Honorable Society of Freemasons in South 
 
70 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Carolina, and the present Masters and Wardens of the six regular 
 Lodges under the Provincial jurisdiction, are desired to assemble in 
 Quarterly Communication," &c. 
 
 The York Grand Lodge also introduced the abominable system of 
 proxies, never heard of in South Carolina until 1787. Any Lodge 
 might be represented by a Past Master as its "proxy," although not a 
 member of the Lodge which he represented, provided that he was a 
 member of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Both of these innovations were subsequently introduced into the 
 Constitution of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, on the uniou of 
 the Yorks with the Free and Accepted Masons in 1808 and in 1817. 
 The proxy system was, however, abolished in 1858, and the member- 
 ship of Past Masters in 1860. 
 
 Heretofore, the Craft in South Carolina had been governed by 
 Anderson's Book of Constitutions, which had been prepared under the 
 sanction of the regular Grand Lodge of England in 1723, and as 
 early as 1732 I find copies of it advertised for sale by a bookseller in 
 Charleston. But the Grand Lodge of York Masons introduced the 
 spurious laws of Laurence Dermott, and decreed in their 24th rule 
 that "upon any matter or thing which may come before the Grand 
 Lodge, and upon which the foregoing laws are silent, reference shall 
 be had to the Ahiman Rezon of Brother Dermott, of London, or 
 that of Brother Smith, of Philadelphia, [which by the way is but an 
 epitome of Dermott,] until a Book of Constitutions, similar to these 
 Ahiman Rezons, shall be established for the State of South Carolina." 
 
 The contingency alluded to in the last clause, actually occurred in 
 1807, when the "Ahiman Rezon of South Carolina" was published 
 by Dr. Frederick Dalcho, under the sanction of the Grand Lodge of 
 Ancient York Masons. It is of course wholly founded on the pre- 
 ceding works of Dermott and Smith. 
 
 However, notwithstanding these innovations on the ancient laws and 
 landmarks, the York Grand Lodge soon became very popular, and em- 
 braced a much larger number of the intelligent and influential citizens 
 of the State within its fold than fell to the lot of its rival. Beginning 
 in 1787 with five Lodges, it had in 1791, only four years after its 
 establishment, thirty-five upon its registry. In fifty five years of its 
 existence the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons had accom- 
 plished just one-third of that amount of work. 
 
 It is clear that the Ancient York Masons had more enterprise and 
 energy than their opponents. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 71 
 
 From this time there were two independent Grand Lodge*? existing 
 in the State of South Carolina — one, "The Grand Lodge of the Most 
 Ancient and Honorable Society of Free and Accepted Masons," which 
 was the regular successor of the Provincial Grand Lodge which had 
 been constituted in 1736, and which had assumed independence in 
 1777, and the "Grand Lodge of South Carolina Ancient York 
 Masons," which had been established on the 24th of March, 1787. 
 
 Both bodies met regularly — held their Quarterly and Annual Com- 
 munications — elected their Officers — and granted warrants for the 
 constitution of new Lodges. But their records have been lost or 
 destroyed, and by diligcut search we can only catch occasional glimpses 
 of their proceedings. 
 
 One thing is certain ; there was no fraternal communication or 
 mutual visitings between them. Each, with a bitterness not surpassed 
 by any odium iheolnylcum, ostracized the other. 
 
 In the year 1791, both bodies applied to the Legislature and received 
 incorporation. As these acts of incorporation were the first ever 
 granted to Masonic bodies in the State, it may be interesting to glance 
 at their provisions. The character of the powers granted by the Legis- 
 lature of the State will be an index of the amount of reputation 
 enjoyed by the Fraternity at that time among the people. 
 
 Both acts of incorporation are dated on the 20th of December, 
 1791. 
 
 The.act incorporating the York Grand Lodge, under the name and 
 style of "the Grand Lodge of the State of South Carolina Ancient 
 York Masons, and its Masonic Jurisdiction," consists of five sections. 
 
 The first section declares the Grand Lodge and its Subordinate 
 Lodges, and the several persons who now are or shall hereafter become 
 members of the same, a body politic and corporate, with perpetual suc- 
 cession of Officers and Members, and a common seal, with power to 
 change the same. 
 
 The second section gives to the Grand Lodge and its Lodge3 the 
 ability to purchase and to hold in perpetuity or for any term of years, 
 lands, tenements and hereditaments not exceeding the value of five 
 thousand pounds; to sue and be sued, to make by-laws and rules for its 
 government not repugnant to the laws of the land, and to constitute 
 new Lodges. 
 
 The third article gives the power of taking and holding forever, 
 donations or devises and bequests of land not exceeding the value of 
 five hundred pounds sterling per annum. 
 
72 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 The fourth section gives the power to hold such property as it may 
 now possess or be entitled to, or which may already have been given 
 or bequeathed to it. 
 
 The fifth section makes the act of incorporation a public act. 
 
 The act which incorporated the Free and Accepted Masons, by the 
 name and style of "the Grand Lodge of the Society of Free and 
 Accepted Masons," consists of four sections. 
 
 The first section declares that the said Society shall consist of the 
 Grand Master and such officers as the Grand Lodge may appoint, and 
 of the Masters and Wardens of the several Lodges which together may 
 compose the Grand Lodge, and may hold lands or oilier property not 
 exceeding the annual income of five hundred pousdsj may sue and be 
 sued, &c , and make necessary by-laws. 
 
 The second section gives the power to issue warrants for constituting 
 Subordinate Lodges, which Lodges so constituted are dec'ared to be 
 legal and regular; it secures the privilege of meeting when and where- 
 soever it may be deemed expedient, and reiterates the power of making 
 by-laws. 
 
 The third section is simply a repetition of the privilege of meeting. 
 
 The fourth section makes the act a public act. 
 
 It must be confessed that the act seems to have been drawn by an 
 unskillful hand, is full of vain and needless repetitions, as if there 
 were a nervous anxiety to secure by reiteration the privileges granted, 
 and although nearly twice as long as that incorporating the Ancient 
 York Masons, it grants no more powers. In the enactment of both 
 incorporations the Legislature was completely impartial. 
 
 I have hinted at the possible existence of anxiety on the part of tho 
 Free and Accepted Masons in relation to their privileges, showing that 
 they were not altogether at ease in reference to the greater popularity 
 of the Ancient Yorks. I have said that this anxiety may have given 
 form to the act of incorporation, which of course was prepared by sonic 
 of the leading members, and which shows itself in the cautious repe- 
 tition of the powers and privileges granted. Still more, I think, is 
 this anxious feeling exhibited in the almost argumentative form of the 
 preamble to the act, in which the claims and merits of the Grand 
 Lodge are set forth in moving terms, and which is in striking contrast 
 with the brief and manly preamble of the other act. 
 
 But as this preamble contains some facts of an historical character 
 which are interesting, it may be well to cite its language: 
 
 "Whereas, John Fauchereaud Grimke, Esq., Grand Master, and 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 73 
 
 other officers of the Grand Lodge of the Society of Free and Accepted 
 MasoH6, constituted in this State, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
 seven hundred and thirty-six, as well for themselves, as for and in name 
 and behalf of all and singular, the Masters, Wardens, other officers and 
 members of the several Lodges throughout the State, holding of and 
 uuder, and acknowledging the jurisdiction of the said Grand Lodge, 
 by their petition to the General Assembly hav« set forth : — That they 
 had, from time to time, siocc their being constituted, held frequent 
 meetings within this State, at their usual and stated times and places 
 of forming, and have ever conducted themselves with respect and obe- 
 dience to the laws of the land, and kindness and good will, not only 
 towards their brethren, but also towards their fellow citizens, and had 
 distributed, from time to time, to all without distinction, who had tho 
 single claim to wretchedness, sums t.i a great amount, by voluntary 
 contributions amongst themselves: That several Lodges throughout 
 the State, besides their charitable donations towards the relief and 
 support of the widows, orphans and chi dren of their deceased brethren, 
 had accumulated aud were possessed of several sums of money, and 
 also real estate, and were willing and desirous to be incorporated, the 
 better to enable them to answer the humane ends of their institution, 
 and therefore most humbly prayed that a law might be passed for incor- 
 porating them as a society, by the name and style of 'The Grand 
 Lodge of the Society of Free and Accepted Masons for this State.' " 
 
 I have already said, that the Grand 1 judge of Ancient York Masons 
 was far more prosperous than that of the Free and Accepted Masons. 
 It seems tu have had mujh more energy and enterprise, and to have 
 been much more devoied to the principles of Freemasonry. It ex- 
 tended all over the country. In fact, there were few Lodges of the 
 Free and Accepted Masons outside of the city, and, therefore, tho 
 ,most itnpor'aut part of the history of Freemasonry in South Carolina 
 is identified with the Ancient York Grand Lodge. It took the most 
 prominent place in the eye of the profane world, and thus the very 
 common error has been committed by Webb and other Masonic writers 
 cf dating the organization of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina in 
 1787, that is to say, at the time of the establishment of this Grand Lodge, 
 and not iu 1736, when the Provincial Grand Lodge was constituted, 
 or, at least, in 1777, when that body declared itself independent. 
 
 One of the unfortunate results of the inertness of the Grand Lodge 
 of Free and Accepted Masons is, that the records of that body being 
 preserved only iu its writtcu iniuutcs, the Graud Lodge seldom appear- 
 
74 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 ing before the public, I have been able to find but scanty materials for 
 its history in the latter part of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th 
 century. It is, however, known, that it regularly held its Quarterly 
 and Annual Communications, and elected its Officers. But it granted 
 very few warrants for the constitution of new Lodges. It seems for a 
 very long period to have been restricted in its jurisdiction to twelve 
 Lodges, and, indeed, as late as 1817, the number amounted only to 
 fifteen, while the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons, in the year 
 1807, had no less than fifty-two Lodges en its registry, and had even 
 extended its operations into other States and Territories, having 
 granted, since its establishment, warrants for constituting Lodges in 
 North Carolina, Georgia and Florida. 
 
 Neither do the Free and Accepted Masons ever appear to have cele- 
 brated the Festival of St. John the Evangelist, by any thing more 
 than the usual Communication, election and installation, with perhaps 
 a private banquet. 
 
 On the other hand, the York Masons always commemorrted the day 
 by a public procession to some church, and by a Masonic discourse. 
 This custom prevailed universally in the country, and the old minutes 
 of such Lodges as have been preserved during that period show that 
 the celebration of the Festival in this way was never neglected. Often 
 also, but not so frequently, the Festival of St. John the Baptist was 
 celebrated in the same manner. But this was in the country. In the 
 city, the latter day was never celebrated as a Masonic festival. 
 
 From 1787 to 1800, John Faucheraud Grimke was the Grand Master 
 of the Ancient Accepted Masons. Brian Cape was, during the same 
 period, the Grand Secretary. But I have been unable to obtain any 
 list of the other Officers. 
 
 During the same period of fourteen years, the list of the Officers of 
 the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons is complete, and furnishes 
 us with the following names: 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, Ancient 
 York Masons, for 1787. 
 
 William Drayton, Esq., Grand Master; 
 Mordecai Gist, Deputy Grand Master; 
 Edward Weyman, Esq., Senior Grand Warden; 
 Peter Smith, Esq., Junior Grand Warden ; 
 Robert Knox, Esq., Grand Treasurer; 
 Alexander Alexander, Grand Secretary. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 75 
 
 1T8S. 
 Hon. William Drayton, Grand Master; 
 Gen. Mordccai Gist, Deputy Grand Master; 
 Edward Weyman, Senior Grand Warden; 
 Peter Smith, Junior Grand Warden; 
 Robert Knox, Grand Treasurer; 
 Alexander Alexander, Grand Secretary; 
 Israel Meyers, Grand Tiler. 
 
 1789. 
 lion. William Drayton, Grand Master; 
 Gen. Mordccai Gist, Deputy Grand Master; 
 Major Thomas B. Bowen, Senior Grand Warden; 
 Colonel John Mitchell, Junior Grand Warden; 
 Robert Knox, Grand Treasurer; 
 Alexander Alexander, Grand Secretary; 
 Israel Meyers, Grand Tiler. 
 
 1790. 
 Gen. Mordccai Gist, Grand Master; 
 Major Thomas B. Bowen, Deputy Grand Master; 
 George Miller, Senior Grand Warden; 
 Colonel John Mitchell, Junior Grand Warden; 
 Rev. Thomas Gates, Grand Chaplain; 
 Robert Knox, Grand Treasurer; 
 Alexander Alexander, Grand Secretary; 
 Israel Meyers, Grand Ti'.cr. 
 
 1791. 
 Gen. Mordccai Gist, Grand Master; 
 Major Thomas B. Bowen, Deputy Grand Master; 
 Guilliam Aertson, Senior Grand Warden; 
 Major George Reid, Junior Grand Warden; 
 Laurence Campbell, Grand Treasurer; 
 Alexander Alexander, Grand Secretary; 
 Jervis II. Stevens, Grand Pursuivant; 
 Israel Meyers, Grand Tiler. 
 
 1792. 
 Major Thomas B. Bowen, Grand Master; 
 Rev. Henry Purcell, D.D., Deputy Grand Master; 
 
76 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Major George Reid, Senior Grand Warden; 
 Archibald Campbell, Junior Grand Warden; 
 Laurence Campbell, Grand Treasurer; 
 Alexander Alexander, Grand Secretary; 
 Jervis II. Stevens, Grand Pursuivant; 
 J. Hamilton, Grand Marshal; 
 Israel Meyers, Grand Tiler. 
 
 1793. 
 
 Hon. "William Lough ton Smith, LL.D., Grand Master; 
 
 Thomas Stewart, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 John Maynard Davis, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 John Drayton. Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Laurence Campbell, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 Alexander Alexander, Grand Secretary; 
 
 Jervis II. Stevens, Grand Pursuivant; 
 
 Jacob Kaiser, Grand Marshal; 
 
 Israel Meyers, Grand Tiler. 
 
 1794. 
 Hon. W : lliam Loughton Smith, LL.D., Grand Master; 
 Thomas Stewart, Deputy Grand Master; 
 John Maynard Davis, Senior Grand Warden; 
 Timothy Ford, Junior Grand Warden; 
 llev. George Buist, D.D., Grand Chaplain; 
 Laurence Campbell, Grand Treasurer; 
 Alexander Alexander, Grand Secretary; 
 Jervis H. Stevens, Grand Pursuivant; 
 Jacob Kaiser, Grand Marshal; 
 Israel Meyers, Grand Tiler. 
 
 1795. 
 Hon. William Loughton Smith, LL.D, Grand Master; 
 Thomas Stewart, Deputy Grand Master; 
 John Maynard Davis, Senior Grand Warden; 
 David Haig, Junior Grand Warden; 
 Rev. George Buist, D.D., Grand Chaplain; 
 Laurence Campbell, Grand Treasurer; 
 Alexander Alexander, Grand Secretary; 
 Jervis II. Stevens, Grand Pursuivant; 
 Israel Meyers, Grand Tiler. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 77 
 
 1796. 
 Ron. William Loughton Smith, LL.D., Grand Master; 
 Thomas Stewart, Deputy Grand Master; 
 John Maynard Davis, Senior Grand Warden; 
 David Ilaig, Junior Grand Warden; 
 Rev. George Buist, D.D., Grand Chaplain; 
 Laurence Campbell, Grand Treasurer; 
 Alexander Alexander, Grand Secretary; 
 Jervis H. Stevens, Grand Pursuivant; 
 Israel Meyers, Grand 'iiler. 
 
 1797. 
 Hon William Loughton Smith, LL.D., Grand Master; 
 John Maynard Davis, Deputy Grand Master; 
 David llaig, Senior Grand Warden; 
 James Scot, Junior Grand Warden; 
 Rev. George l'uist, D. D., Grand Chaplain; 
 Laurence Campbell, Grand Treasurer; 
 Alexander Alexander, Grand Secretary; 
 Reticr Wittemorc, Grand Pursuivant; 
 Israel Meyers, Graud Tiler. 
 
 1798. 
 Hon. William Loughton Smith, LL.D., Grand Master; 
 John Maynard Davis, Dep'ity Grand 31aster; 
 David Haig, Senior Grand Warden; 
 James Scot, Junior Grand Warden; 
 Rev. George Buist, D.D., Grand Chaplain; 
 Laurence Campbell, Grand Treasurer; 
 Alexander Alexander, Grand Secretary. 
 Retier Wittemorc, Graud Pursuivant; 
 Israel Meyers, Grand Tiler. 
 
 1799. 
 Rev. TIenry Purccll, D.D., Grand Master; 
 Colonel John Mitchell, Deputy Grand Master; 
 Benjamin Cudworth, Senior Grand Warden; 
 Scth Paine, Junior Grand Warden; 
 Laurence Campbell, Grand Treasurer; 
 Alexander Alexander, Grand Secretary; 
 Jervis II. Stevens, Grand Marshal; 
 
78 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Betier Wittcrnore, Grand Pursuivant; 
 Israel Meyers, Grand Tiler. 
 
 In the year 1799, the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons of 
 South Carolina adopted a proposition, in which it reconmieuded to its 
 sister Grand Lodges the holding of a Convention at the city of Wash- 
 ington, for the purpose of establishing a "Superintending Grand 
 Lodge of America." In a circular issued by the Grand Lodge on that 
 occasion, it assigns the reasons for making this proposition, as being 
 "to draw closer the bonds of union between the different Lodges iu 
 the United States, and to induce them to join in some systematic plan 
 whereby the drooping spirit of the Ancient Craft may be revived and 
 become more generally useful and beneficial, and whereby Ancient 
 Masonry, so excellent and beautiful iu its primitive institution, may bo 
 placed upon such a respectable and firm basis in this western world, as 
 to bid defiance to the shafts of malice, or the feeble attempts of any 
 foreign declaimers to bring it into disrepute." 
 
 This was the first and the last attempt in South Carolina to promote 
 the organization of a General Grand Lodge. The subject afterwards 
 became here as unpopular as it was elsewhere. But as the idea was 
 repeatedly renewed in other States, and as the Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina subsequently took an active part in discouraging it, I shall 
 have an opportunity, in a more appropriate place, of reviewing the 
 history of all the propositions for the establishment of a General Grand 
 Lodge, which have been made since the introduction of organized 
 Masonry into this country. 
 
 The following were the Officers of the Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 York Masons in the year 1800 : 
 
 Lieut. Gov. John Drayton, Grand Master; 
 John Mitchell, Deputy Grand Master; 
 Benjamin Cudworth, Senior Grand Warden; 
 Seth Paine, Junior Grand Warden ; 
 Lewis Cameron, Grand Treasurer; 
 Alexander Alexander, Grand Secretary; 
 Jervis H. Stevens, Grand Marshal; 
 Alexander McCleish, Grand Pursuivant; 
 Israel Meyers, Crand Tiler. 
 
 In the same year the following were the Officers of the Grand Lodge 
 of Free and Accepted Masons, all of whom had served in the same 
 offices during the preceding year : 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 79 
 
 Hon. John F. Grimke, Grand Master; 
 James Lynah, M.D., Deputy Grand Master; 
 George Flagg, Esq., Senior Grand Warden; 
 Samuel Wilson, M.D., Junior Grand Warden; 
 Rev. Thomas Mills, D.D., Grand Chaplain; 
 
 , Grand Treasurer; 
 
 B:ian Cape, Esq., Grand Secretary; 
 
 Mr. Lewis C. M. de Mortmain, Grand Sword Bearer; 
 
 Robert Wilson, M.D., ' 
 
 James Troup, Esq., 
 
 Mr. Charles Kershaw, 
 
 Mr. Thomas Cape, 
 
 Mr. John Cape, 
 
 Mr. Paul Hill, Grand Tiler 
 
 *■ Grand Stewards; 
 
HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 WASHINGTON AND THE MASONS OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 George Washington had been initiated into the mysteries of Free- 
 masonry on the 4th of November, 1752, in the Lodge at Fredericks- 
 burg, iu Virginia. As I have said, on a former occasion,* the seed 
 that was sown on that eventful evening fell not on a barren soil. It 
 grew with his growth, and strengthened with his strength, and bloomed 
 and ripened into an abiding love and glowing zeal for our Order, nor 
 ever withered nor decayed amid all the trials and struggles, the perils 
 and excitement of a long life ^pent, first in battling to gain the 
 liberties of his country, and then in counselling to preserve them. 
 
 Hence the Masons of America have ever shown a proud and grateful 
 recollection of the conuection of the Father of his Country with, and 
 his uniform attachment to, the institution. The Fraternity of South 
 Carolina have never been surpassed by those of any other State in the 
 exhibition of their evidences of pride and gratitude on all fitting 
 opportunities. On the occasion of his visit to this jurisdiction, in 
 1791, he was received with a congratulatory address from his brethren; 
 in his obsequies, performed in 1800, the Masons of Charleston took a 
 part in common with their fellow citizens. They celebrated the Cen- 
 tennial Anniversary, in 1852, of bis initiation, with unusual splendor; 
 and when a Carolina Matron undertook the noble scheme of pur- 
 chasing, by the contributions of the people, his home and last resting 
 place, as a national domain, none were so liberal as the Masons of 
 South Carolina in the material aid which they gave to the enterprise. 
 
 The last two of these incidents will be referred to in their proper 
 chronological order. The present chapter will be devoted to a narra- 
 tiun of the circumstances connected with the first and second. 
 
 After his election to the Presidency of the United States, Washing- 
 ton, in the year 17U1, undertook a tour through the Southern States 
 of the Union, where he had never been, that he might make himself 
 personally acquainted with that portion of his fellow citizens. On his 
 
 * " Washington as a Freemason." An address delivered at Charleston on 
 the Centennial Anniversary of his initiation. 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 31 
 
 arrival in South Carolina, he was addressed by the Grand Lodge, 
 Ancient York Masons of South Carolina, in the following language : 
 
 "Sir: Induced by respect for your public and private character, as 
 well as the relation in which you stand with the brethren of this 
 Society, we, the Grand Lodge of the State of South Carolina, Ancient 
 York Masons, beg leave to offer our sincere congratulations on your 
 arrival in this State. 
 
 " We felicitate you on the establishment and exercise of a permanent 
 Government, whose foundation was laid, under your auspices, by mili- 
 tary achievements, upon which have been progressively reared the 
 pillars of the Free Republic over which you preside, supported by 
 wisdom, strength aud beauty, unrivalled among the nations of the 
 world. 
 
 "The fabric thus raised and committed to your superintendence we 
 earnestly wish may continue to produce order a:,d harmony, to succeed- 
 ing ages, and be the asylum of virtue to the oppressed of all parts of 
 the universe. 
 
 " When we contemplate the distresses of war, the instances of 
 humanity displayed by the Craft afford some relief to the feeling mind; 
 and it gives us the most pleasing sensatiou to recollect that, amidst the 
 difficulties attendant on j'our late military stations, you still associated 
 with and patronized the Ancient Fraternity. 
 
 "Distinguished always by your virtues more than the exalted stations 
 in which you have moved, we exult in the opportunity you now give 
 us of hailing you, brother of our Order, and trust from your knowledge 
 of our institution, to merit your countenance and support. 
 
 "With fervent zeal for your happiness, we pray that a life so dear to 
 the bosom of this Society, and to society in general, may be long, very 
 long preserved; and, when you leave the temporal symbolic Lodges of 
 this world, may you be received into the Celestial Lodge of light and 
 perfection, where the Graud Master Architect of the universe presides. 
 
 "Lone in behalf of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 " Charleston, 2d May, 1791. M. GIST, G. M." 
 
 To this address, Gen. Washington made the following reply : 
 
 " To (he Grand Lodge, of South Carolina, Ancient York Masons: 
 
 "Gkntlkmen: I am much obliged by the respect which you are so 
 good as to declare for my publi • and private character. 1 recognize, 
 with pleasure, my relation to the brethren of your Society; and I 
 6 
 
82 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 accept, with gratitude, your congratulations on my arrival in South 
 Carolina. 
 
 "Your sentiments on the establishment and exercise of our equal 
 Government are worthy of an association luhose principles lead to 
 purity of morals, and are beneficial of action. 
 
 " The fabric of our freedom is placed on the enduring basis of 
 public virtue, and will, I fondly hope, long continue to protect the 
 prosperity of the architects who raised it. 
 
 "1 shall be happy on every occasion to evince my regard for the 
 Fraternity. For your prosperity individually, I offer my best wishes. 
 
 GEO. WASHINGTON." 
 
 There is no record of any similar address having been made by the 
 Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons. For this apparent 
 omission of a duty of respect on a subsequent occasion, I shali directly 
 undertake to offer some probable explanation. 
 
 On the 14th of December, 1799, the great and good Washington 
 departed this life. The gloom which this melancholy event cast over 
 the whole country is a matter of history. He was deplored by all as a 
 common father. But the Masons, recognizing in him a faithful 
 brother of their Ancient Craft, mingled with peculiar grief in the 
 general mourning. In South Carolina these demonstrations of regret 
 and of respect were not less profound than those of any other State or 
 jurisdiction. 
 
 As in the case of Washington's visit, just recorded, I can find no 
 record of any public action taken by the Grand Lodge of Free and 
 Accepted Masons on this occasion. Indeed there is no mention in 
 the journals of the day of that body having taken any part in the 
 civic procession of the community of Charleston, which took place on 
 the 15th of February, in which the York Masons, to the number of 
 250, took a prominent part, and appeared in " funeral order." 
 
 I am almost afraid to record the explanation which alone suggests 
 itself to me, of the surprising silence and absence of the Free and 
 Accepted Masons on this occasion. But when it is remembered how 
 bitter was the feud between the Ancient and Accepted Masons, and 
 the Ancient Yorks — how each denied the legitimacy and regularity of 
 the other — and how the Grand Lodge of each body fostered a hostile 
 feeling in its members towards the other, a feeling deeper in South 
 Carolina, because nowhere else in the country did such rivalry ever 
 exist, or if once existing, it had long ceased, and the controversy had 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 83 
 
 been reconciled, I have been compelled, however reluctant, to suspect 
 that the failure or refusal of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted 
 Masons to paiticipate in the Masonic ceremonies in honor of Washing- 
 ton, is to be attributed solely to the fact, that having been made in 
 Virginia, he was an Ancient York Mason, and that his Masonic claim 
 was not therefore recognized by them. They mourned him as citizens, 
 but could not admit his right to Masonic funeral honors. 
 
 After all, were they not consistent in this? And did it not at least 
 shew their devotion to their principles, that neither the fear of unprpu- 
 larity, nor the persuasions of patriotism and filial gratitude, would 
 permit them to abandon the ground they had taken, in common with 
 their mother Lodge of England, that all Ancient York Masons were 
 irregular and clandestine ? 
 
 Of course no such feeling existed among the Ancient Yorks, and 
 their demonstrations of respect for the Masonic memory of Washing- 
 ton were abundant. 
 
 On the 3d of January, 1800, the Grand Lodge recommended to the 
 members of the Lodges under its jurisdiction to wear crape on their 
 hats for one month. 
 
 On the 8th of January, they united with their fellow-citizens in the 
 bur al s rvice that was performed. 
 
 On the 8th of January, the Grand Lodge adopted the following 
 resolutions : 
 
 "Penetrated with heartfelt sorrow, the Grand Lodge has the painful 
 task of announcing to the Lodges under its jurisdiction, the death of 
 their highly honored, much esteemed, and greatly beloved fellow- 
 citizen, friend and brother, Gen. George Washington. Sensible of his 
 distinguished and fraternal regard for the Ancient Craft, as well as 
 being deeply impressed with the preeminent services he has rendered 
 to his country; Therefore 
 
 "Resolved, '1 hat the symbols of the Grand Lodge be dressed with 
 mourning at every meeting, for the space of six months; and that the 
 Lodges under this jurisdiction be required to dress in the like manner 
 for the same space of time, reckoning from the date of their receiving 
 notice of this resolve. 
 
 " Resolved, That the mark of mourning, recommended by the Grand 
 Officers to be worn by the brethren on their hats,* for the space of 
 thirty days, be continued for three months. 
 
 * On the 3d of January, the Grand Master had issued a decree, recommend- 
 ing that the Fraternity should wear crape on their hats for one month. 
 
S4 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 "Resolved, That the Grand Secretary be directed to forward a copy 
 of these resolves to the several Lodges under the jurisdiction of this 
 Grand Lodge; and, also, to write a circular letter to the sister Grand 
 Lodges of the United States, expressive of heartfelt sympathy and 
 condolence with them in this great and common loss of our beloved 
 brother. 
 
 " Resolved, That the Grand Lodge will concur in the arrangements 
 that may be made, for a procession on Friday next, by the committee 
 of citizens appointed for that purpose." 
 
 On the 15th of February there was a procession of the citizens of 
 Charleston. In this procession the Ancient York Masons appeared, to 
 the number of upwards of two hundred and fifty. 
 
 Congress having recommended that the people should assemble 
 everywhere on the 22d of February, 1800, to testify their grief by 
 " suitable eulogies, orations and discourses," Friendship Lodge No. 9, 
 an Ancient York Lodge, appointed Seth Paine, the Senior Grand 
 Warden of the Grand Lodge, to deliver an eulogy. . 
 
 For a copy of this address I had long sought in vain — not one was 
 to be found in the archives of any of the Lodges in South Carolina, 
 where, although the Lodge, before which it had been delivered, is still 
 in existence, the very memory of it seems to have been forgotten. 
 
 At length Brother S. Hayden, of Athens, Pennsylvania, a gentleman 
 of much antiquarian learning, and who has long been making researches 
 into the Masonic life of Washington, informed me that he was the for- 
 tunate possessor of a copy, perhaps the only one extant, and most 
 kindly presented me with a manuscript copy of the pamphlet. From 
 the preface I extract the following statement as interesting to the 
 Craft : 
 
 "On Saturday evening, the 22d of February, 1800, Masonic Fune- 
 ral Honors, in memory of the late General George Washington, who 
 was the friend and brother of the Ancient Craft, were performed in the 
 new Lodge Room, in Charleston, by the Friendship Lodge, No. IX, 
 Ancient York Masons. There were present, besides the members of 
 the said Lodge, the Right Worshipful Grand Master, Lieutenant Gov- 
 ernor Drayton ; the Right Worshipful Deputy Grand Master, Colonel 
 John Mitchell; the rest of the Grand Officers; the Officers of the 
 private Lodges, who hold their meetings in town; and a numerous 
 assemblage of visiting brethren. 
 
 "The room was shrouded with black, strewed with tears, death's 
 heads, &c. In the centre was raised a dome, supported by five columns, 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 35 
 
 dressed with crape and Masonic funeral decorations, resting upon a 
 platform elevated a number of steps from the floor — the whole suitably 
 lighted. Under the dome was placed a coffin, with the appropriate 
 emblems; over the dome, a gilt urn, iuscribed with the name of the 
 deceased. Many other emblems and inscriptions were displayed, in a 
 style adapted to the occasion. 
 
 "The ceremonies were performed in a most solemn and impressive 
 manner, and agreeably to Ancient form. Several excellent admonitions, 
 and a Masonic funeral service, were delivered by the Worshipful Master. 
 
 "A band of music assisted, and anthems, and a solemn dirge, com- 
 posed for the purpose, were performed. 
 
 "It is not easy to express the profound respect and veneration, the 
 deep regret for departed worth and excellence, and, at the same time, 
 the melancholy pleasure which filled every heart, and were displayed in 
 every countenance." 
 
 P An able and interesting discourse was then delivered by Brother 
 Paine, from which, however, I cannot find space to make any extracts. 
 The subject, of course, was the public and private character, and the 
 moral, Christian and Masonic virtues, of the Father of his Country. ' 
 
SQ HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 THE UNION IN 1808. 
 
 The discord and dissensions which had existed between the Ancient 
 and Modern Masons, since the organization of the Grand Lodge of the 
 former in the year 1787, had now reached so great a degree of bitter- 
 ness that some of the most prominent members of the parties began to 
 see the necessity of a reconciliation and union as the only means of 
 preserving the integrity and usefulness of the Order. 
 
 As early therefore as 1807, the necessary steps were inaugurated for 
 a union of the two Grand Lodges. 
 
 Dr. Dalcho, in the second edition of his " Ahiman Rezon," makes, 
 on this subject, the following remarks : 
 
 "The differences which kept apart the Fraternity in this State were 
 known to be so unimportant that an earnest desire to effect a union 
 was felt, and oftentimes expressed by several enlightened and influ- 
 ential members of both Grand Lodges. It was well known to many of 
 the brethren that there was no difference in the work or discipline; 
 ^hat each body was acquainted with the same marks of distinction, 
 and that the brethren of either body could, and many of them did, 
 visit the other, consistently with their obligations. And when the 
 subject came to be officially investigated, it was matter of astonish- 
 ment to many that the Masouic family had been so long divided." 
 
 If the statement here made as to the identity of work and discipline 
 were historically correct, it would indeed be a matter of surprise, not 
 only that a uuion of the two parties had been so long delayed, but that 
 a disruption had ever taken place. But candor compels me to say that 
 I have ever found Dalcho unreliable as a Masonic historian, and that 
 his statements, when unsupported, are almost always to be taken with 
 many grains of allowance. 
 
 Preston* informs us that the first secession which took place between 
 the Moderns and the Ancients — I use these terms, as I have before 
 said, simply to avoid a circumlocution — occurred at a time when " the 
 general murmur had spread abroad on account of some innovations 
 
 * Illustrations, Oliver's edition, p. 210. 
 
TS SOUTH CAROLINA. 87 
 
 that had been introduced, and which seemed to authorize an omission 
 of, and a variation in, the ancient ceremonies." And he elsewhere 
 adds that, although a seeming reconciliation took place at the time, 
 for these innovations had "offended many old Masons," yet that they 
 finally led to the schism which was consummated in the formation of 
 the Athol or Ancient Grand Lodge. 
 
 Laurence Dermott, to whom, more than to any other man, the 
 Ancient York Masons were indebted for their popularity and prosperity, 
 and who was the author of that Book of Constitutions, which, uuder 
 the then novel title of " Ahimau Ilezon," was, until the dissolution of 
 the contest, the guide and law code of the Ancients over all the world, 
 has left us, as his testimony, that " there is a material difference 
 be*tween the Ancients and the Moderns, because an Ancient Mason 
 can, not only make himself known to his brother, but in case of neces- 
 sity can discover his very thoughts to him in the presence of a Modern, 
 without being able to distinguish that either of them are Free- 
 masons."* And in another place he says, still more emphatically : 
 "It is a truth, beyond contradiction, that the Free and Accepted 
 Masons iu Ireland, Scotland, and the Ancient Masons in England, 
 have one and the same customs, usages and ceremonies. But this is 
 not the case with the Modem Masons in England, who differ materially 
 not only from the above, but from most Masons under the sun."f 
 
 It must be remembered that the Ancient and Modern Masons of 
 South Carolina were derived from the corresponding parties in England, 
 and, therefore, that whatever is said of the latter is ecpially applicable 
 to the former. 
 
 Dalcho himself, in a preceding part of his book, admits that the 
 Ancient York Masons had "marks of distinction peculiar to them- 
 selves, and every Mason on earth, but themselves, was cut off from 
 their Lodges." And he adds, that "of this fact the evidence is 
 universal."| 
 
 I find it equally difficult to reconcile his statement that mutual 
 visitations were permitted between the members of the two bodies, 
 with the facts from other sources in my possession. 
 
 Just before the uuion, Lodge No. 8, au Ancient York Lodge, 
 expelled one of its members for having visited a Lodge of the 
 
 * Ahimau Rezon, p. 31, edition 1778. 
 
 f Ahiman Rezon, p. 69, edition 1778. Note. 
 
 | Ahiman Rezon, 'id edition, p. 192. 
 
£& HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Moderns, and although this might tend to prove that the Ancients 
 sometimes visited the Moderns, it shows that such visitations were not 
 considered as legal, and that of course there was no reciprocation on 
 the part of the Anc'ent Yorks, who always strenuously refused to 
 admit the Moderns to visit their Lodges. In a letter from Palmetto 
 Lodge No. 19, at Laurens, to Prudence Lodge No. 31, at Charleston, 
 dated 26th January, 1809, I find this emphatic sentence, which, it 
 appears to me, must at once settle the question as to the opinion at 
 that time entertained by the Ancients of the Moderns : " These 
 Modern or new Masons we know not, neither indeed can we, since ' he 
 that cometh not in by the door,' agreeably to our ancient landmarks, 
 'but climbeth over the wall or some other way, is a thief and a 
 robber.' " 
 
 But the point is definitively established by the following passage, 
 from the " Answer to the Address of the Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina," a pamphlet of which I shall hereafter have occasion to 
 speak.* 
 
 " We do contend that no Modern Mason can be or ever was admitted 
 into our (York) Lodges without being made over again. "f 
 
 It must be confessed, however, that the Modern Masons do not 
 appear to have acted with the same scrupulous consistency, and it is 
 possible, or even probable, that they sometimes admitted the Ancients 
 to visit them. But this was certainly in violation of the regulations 
 of their Grand Lodge, and the principles for which they contended 
 when they declared the Ancient Masons to be irregular. 
 
 As to Dalcho's last assertion, that there was no difference in the 
 discipli-e of the two parties, the error of such a statement will at once 
 be made evident by a comparison of Anderson's "Constitutions," the 
 code of law adopted by the Moderns, and Dermott's " Ahiman 
 Rezon," which was the code of the Ancients. 
 
 It is sufficient here to say that, among other things, the very organi- 
 zation of the two Grand Lodges was different, for while the Moderns 
 restricted their Grand Lodge to the Present and Past Grand Officers, 
 and the Masters and Wardens of the Subordinate Lodges, allowing 
 none others to seats or votes in it, the Ancients introduced the doctrine 
 that Past Masters were, by virtue of having passed the chair, members 
 of the Graud Lodge. 
 
 * Answer to the Address of the Committee of the Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina: Charleston, 1809. 
 ■j- Answer, p. 16. 
 
IN FOUTH CAROLINA. 89 
 
 There was then considerable difference of work and discipline 
 between the two bodies, and an unfortunate condition of discord and 
 acerbity of feeling between the members. 
 
 But this, of course, to every well regulated mind and true heart, 
 only furnished a stronger reason why an attempt at union and the 
 restoration of harmony should be made. 
 
 Exertions had therefore been frequently male by individuals of both 
 sides to effect this desirable object; repeated propositions had been 
 advanced and urged, which, although not immediately attended with 
 the desired result, had opened and prepared the way for a better 
 mutual understanding; for the reconciliation of those ultraists in either 
 party, who were much averse to any association, and for finally direct- 
 ing the attention cf all, to the great object of their common society. 
 
 At length, the consummation so devoutly wished, seemed about 
 to be achieved. On the 9th of July, 1808, the Grand Lodge of York 
 Masons, after several preliminary unofficial interviews with the other 
 party had taken place, appointed a committee consisting of the Hon. 
 William Loughton Smith, Grand Master; Henry Ilorlbeck, Esq., 
 Senior Grand Warden; and Dr. Frederick Dalcho, Corresponding 
 Grand Secretary, "to meet any committee that might be appointed by 
 the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, for the purpose of 
 inquiring into the eligibility of formiug a union between the two 
 Grand Lodges, and to report thereon at the next stated meeting." 
 
 On the same evening, the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted 
 Masons adopted a similar course, and appointed for the same purpose, 
 a committee consisting of the Hon. John F. Gritnke, Past Grand 
 Mas'er; Dr. James Lyuah, Grand Master; and George Flagg, Esq., 
 Deputy Grand Master. 
 
 Several c mferences were held by these committees, aud, finally, on 
 the 5th of September, 1808, the joint committee adopted and proposed 
 the following: 
 
 Articles of Union between the two Grand Lodges of South 
 
 Carolina. 
 
 "The Grand Lodges of 'Free and Accepted' and 'York Masons/ 
 in the State of South Carolina, being desirous of terminating the 
 disunion which has so long and so unfortunately existed between them, 
 and, in imitation of the example which has so laudably been set them 
 by different bodies, calling themselves by differeut denominations, do 
 agree to unite and become incorporated into one body, that the unity 
 
90 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 and ancient landmarks of the Craft may be preserved unto the remotest 
 ages. To carry into effect these fraternal and honorable intentions, the 
 Right Worshipful Grand Lodge of South Carolina, York Ma=ons, have 
 nominated and appointed, by an unanimous vote, the Hon. and R. W» 
 William Louglron Smith, LL.D., Grand Master; the R. W. Henry 
 Horlbeck, Senior Grand Warden ; and the M. W. Frederick Dalcho, 
 M.D., Corresponding Graud Secretary, a committee, for and in behalf 
 of the said Grand Lodge, for the purposes aforesaid; and the R. W. 
 Grand Lodge of Free aud Accepted Masons have nominated and ap- 
 pointed, by an unanimous vote, the Hon. and R. W. John F. Grimk6, 
 LL.D., Past Grand Master; the R. W. Jam^s Lynah, M.D , Grand 
 Master; and the R W. George Flagg, Esq., Deputy Grand Master, a 
 committee, for and on behalf of the said Graud Lodge, for the pur- 
 poses aforesaid; which committees having met at the house of the R. 
 W. Brother Smith, have entered into the following agreement and con- 
 vention, subject, nevertheless, to the ratification of their respective 
 Grand Lodges : 
 
 " Art. 1st. The two Grand Lodges shall, by joint petition, pray the 
 Legislature, at its next session, to revoke the charters of incorporation, 
 heretofore granted them respectively, and to incorporate them into one 
 body, to be known and distinguished by the name and style of ' The 
 Grand Lodge of South Carolina,' with the like powers and privileges 
 as were granted them by. the several acts of incorporation of 20th 
 December, 1791. 
 
 " Art. 2d. All property belonging to the Subordinate Lodges, under 
 the jurisdiction of the present Grand Lodges, is fully confirmed to the 
 said Lodges. 
 
 " Art. 3d. As the new act of incorporation will, necessarily, require 
 the issuing new charters to all the Subordinate Lodges, under the juris- 
 diction and authority of 'The Grand Lodge of South Carolina,' they 
 shall be inserted in the register, and take rank according to the date of 
 the respective warrants of constitution, for which purpose a committee 
 of examination and arrangement shall be app >inted by ' The Grand 
 Lodge of South Carolina;' but such new charters shall be issued free 
 of any expense. 
 
 " Art. 4th The oath and form of initiation, together with the form 
 of working, shall hereafter be, as near as possible, the same in all the 
 Lodges: for which purpose, a committee of inspectors shall be ap- 
 pointed as soon as convenient, after the passing of the act of incorpo- 
 ration ; which inspectors, having worked in the presence, and having 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 91 
 
 obtained the sanction and approbation, of ' The Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina,' shall instruct and direct the several Lodges under this juris- 
 diction, in an uniform system of working and initiation ; until when, 
 all the Lodges shall iuitiate in both forms at present practiced accord- 
 ing to their respective usages ; giving the necessary instructions, words 
 and passwords of both respectively. 
 
 " Art. 5th. As soon as authentic information shall be received of the 
 passing of the act of incorporation, the Grand Masters of the present 
 Grand Lodges shall summon their respective bodies to assemble, in 
 convention, for the purpose of electing Grand Officers, and otherwise 
 organizing 'The Grand Lodge of South Carolina.' 
 
 "Art. 6th. All the present and Fast Grand Officers, and the present 
 Officers and Past Masters of the Subordinate Lodges, under the juris- 
 diction of the existing Grand Lodges, shall, at the first meeting of 
 'The Grand Lodge of South Carolina,' after the act of incorporation, 
 f ppear in the said Grand Lodge, and there receive and take the cus- 
 tomary oath of secrecy; and as soon thereafter as convenient, the 
 Masters of the several Subordinate Lodges shall administer the said 
 oath to their respective Officers and Members. 
 
 " Art 7th. Brethren from foreign Lodges, who will take the cus- 
 tomary test, and enter iuto an obligation not to reveal any part of our 
 mysteries or ceremonies, shall be admitted without regard to their being 
 'Ancient' or ' Modem,' usually so called; which names of distinction 
 shall hereafter cease, and all the fraternity be known by the appellation 
 of 'Free and Accepted Masons.' 
 
 William Lougiiton Smith, 
 John F. Grimke, 
 James Lynah, 
 George Flagg, 
 Henry Horlbeck, 
 Frei erick Dalcho. 
 "Charleston, (& C.) Sept. hth, 1808." 
 
 These articles of union were presented to the two Grand Lodges, and 
 solemnly adopted by each — by the Grand Lodge of Aucient York 
 Masons on the 24th September, 1808, and three days after by the 
 Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons. 
 
 Daloho says that the ratification was " unanimous," and this was 
 probably the fact, although it will be hereafter seen, that so far as re- 
 gards, the STork Masons, the unanimity of apprefval did not long prevail. 
 
92 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 At this time, the following were the Officers of the two Grand 
 Lodges. 
 
 • Of the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons : 
 Win. Loughton Smith, Grand Master; 
 
 , Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 Henry Horlbcck, Senior Grand Warden ; 
 
 Wm. Porter, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Rev. Geo. Buist, Grand Chaplain ; 
 
 Richard Stiff, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 J. H. Mitchell, Recording Grand Secretary; 
 
 Frederick Dalcho, M.D., Corresponding Grand Secretary. 
 
 And of the Free and Accepted Masons : 
 James Lynah, M.D., Grand Master; 
 Geo. Flagg, Deputy Grand Master. 
 
 About this time, an incident occurred which demonstrated the 
 desire of both parties to bury all their differences in oblivion, and to 
 mingle in one Fraternity. 
 
 On the 21th of October, 1808, the two Grand Lodges united in the 
 ceremony of laying the corner stone of a factory about to be erected, 
 in the city of Charleston, by the Carolina Homespun Company. At 
 11 o'clock in the forenoon a procession was formed, consisting of the 
 officers and members of the Homespun Company, each one wearing a 
 cockade of raw cotton in his hat, the Governor of the State, the 
 members of the Legislature, several military companies and many of 
 the citizens, and the officers and members of both the Grand Lodges. 
 The procession moved to the site of the intended building, where the 
 stone was laid in due Masonic form by the two Grand Masters, William 
 Loughton Smith, of the Grand Lodge of York Masons, and Dr. James 
 Lynah, of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, after 
 which an address was delivered by the former gentleman. At the 
 dawn of day, and during the ceremony of laying the corner stone, 
 salutes were fired by the artillery, and the bells of St. Michael's 
 Church were rung, at intervals, until evening. 
 
 This is, I think, the only instance in the records of Masonry, of 
 two Grand Masters uniting in the ceremony of laying a corner stone. 
 
 On the 17th of December following, the two Grand Lodges met in 
 their respective chambers for the purpose of making the preliminary 
 arrangements for a final union. In the meantime the articles of union 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA 93 
 
 had been printed and placet! in the hands of the members, although it 
 does not appear that they were regularly sent to the Subordinate Lodges 
 for their approbation. 
 
 As soou as the Ancient York Masons had had an opportunity of 
 carefully examining the purport of these articles, many of them be- 
 came strenuously opposed to the seventh proposition, the object of 
 which was to admit "Modern Masons" to visit the " Ancient York 
 Masons," without undergoing a new making, as they contended had 
 always been the rule. This they believed to be a violation of their 
 obligation, and they determined to make an effort for its repeal. 
 
 Accordingly at the meeting of the Ancient York Grand Lodge, on 
 the 17th of December, 1S08, Samuel Nobbs, the Master of Lodge No. 
 81, in pursuance of the instructions of that Lodge, assisted by his 
 Wardens, made every effort to have it repealed, but without success, 
 the Grand Master declaring the motion to that effect to be out of order. 
 
 A committee was appointed to inform the Grand Lodge of Moderns 
 that they were ready to join them, and it was resolved to receive the 
 committee of that body in open Grand Lodge. 
 
 On the adoption of this motion, the Master and Wardens of Lodge 
 No. 31, governed by the same conscientious scruples which had induced 
 them to move the repeal of the seventh article, retired from the Lodge 
 room. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of the Free and Accepted Masons were then 
 introduced, and the union having been duly ratified, the United Graud 
 Lodge proceeded to the election of officers, with the following result : 
 
 Hon. Win. Loughton Smith, Grand Master; 
 
 Hon. J. F. Grimke, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 Henry Horlbeck, Senior Graud Warden; 
 
 William Porter, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Richard Stiff, Graud Treasurer; 
 
 John II. Mitchell, Kecording Grand Secretary; 
 
 Frederick Dalcho, M.D., Corresponding Graud Secretary; 
 
 J. II. Stevens, Grand Marshal; 
 
 Joseph Drummond, Grand Pursuivant; 
 
 Robert Shaud, Grand Tiler. 
 
 It was worthy of notice, as showing the preponderance of the 
 Ancient York Masons at the time of the union over the Free and 
 Accepted, that of all these officers the Deputy Grand Master alone 
 belonged to the latter party. All the rest were Aucient Voiks. 
 
()4 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 On the Festival of St. John the Evangelist, which soon after ensued, 
 a general Grand Communication was convened, but owing to some 
 circumstances, the true nature of which I have beeu unable to discover 
 from any extant records, the installation did not take place until the 
 31st of December, 1808, so that the newly united Grand Lodge com- 
 menced its legal Masonic existence with the commencement of the 
 year 1809. 
 
 Of the events that immediately succeeded this ill comented union, 
 and of the schism and disruption that at once took place, I shall have 
 occasion to speak in the next chapter. 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 THE DISRUPTION IN 1809. 
 
 Notwithstanding the apparent unanimity with which tb.3 articles 
 of union were ratified on the 24th of September, 1808, the union was not 
 eventually consummated under the same unanimous auspices Great 
 dissatisfaction was expressed and felt, not only by many of the subordi- 
 nate Lodges in the State, but by several of the sister Grand Lodges of 
 the United States. This dissatisfaction was, however, confiued to the 
 Lodges aud Grand Lodges of the Ancient York party. 
 
 I have already said that the principal objection to the union arose 
 from that clause of the 7th article which permitted "Moderns" to 
 visit the Lodges of the "Ancients" without a preparatory initiation. 
 While the " Moderns " had not been very rigid in their course on this 
 subject, the " Ancieuts" had always been distinguished for the perti- 
 nacity with which they maintained that they aloue constituted " the 
 true church," and that the Moderns were not, in the proper sense of 
 the word. Masons at all, nor entitled to the privileges of the order. 
 This doctrine they had received from their Coryphceus, Laurence Der- 
 inott, and they were reluctant to abandon it, since its very exclusiveness 
 elevated them, as they thought, above their more generous, or, at least, 
 less exclusive, rivals. 
 
 Of course there was a difference among individuals in respect to the 
 strength of this sentiment. There was a strict aud a lax observance of 
 the principle. Some were less exclusive than others. The former 
 found no difficulty in adhering to the union, notwithstanding the 
 obnoxious seventh article. The others, the disciplinarians, could not 
 consent to any amalgamation which threw the doors of their Lodges 
 open, indiscriminately, to the Moderns. 
 
 Tie most prominent of these op] osers of the union were the mem- 
 bers of St. John's Lodge No. 31, in Charleston. The Master of this 
 Lodge was Samuel Nobbs, a man of great firmness of purpose, and to 
 whose indomitable perseverance in the pursuit of what he believed to 
 be right, we are to attribute all the difficulties which almost imme- 
 diately ensued after the consummation of the union on the 31st of 
 December, 1808. 
 
90 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 No sootier, therefore, had the union been complete J, than St. John's 
 Lodge No. 31 held a meeting, in which, after condemning the course 
 of the York Masons who had entered into it, they determined to take 
 the necessary steps for the revival of the Old Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 York Masons. 
 
 As a preliminary measure they appointed a committee to prepare an 
 address to the other York Lodges throughout the State. 
 
 Accordingly, on the 7th of January, 1808, that committee addressed 
 the following circular to the Lodges formerly under the jurisdiction of 
 the Ancient York Grand Lodge : 
 
 Charleston, January 1th, 1809; and of Masonry, 5809. 
 Worshipful Sir and Brethren' : 
 
 We, the Committee of Correspondence of Saint John's Lodge No. 
 31, Ancient York Masons, do inform yon that our representatives at 
 the meeting of the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons, held on the 
 evening of the 17th December, 1808, did use their utmost endeavors 
 to prevent the Convention of Ancient York and Modern Masons, from 
 being carried into effect, it being contrary to our obligation as Ancient 
 )'<>./: Masons. Nevertheless, the Grand Lodge of An< lent York 
 Masons did admit the Committee of Modem Masons, in open Lodge, 
 to make their report, which we couccive to be repugnant to the princi- 
 ples of our Anci-mt Craft, and, after they retired, the Grand Master 
 closed the Grand L 'dye of Ancient York Masons until the 27th 
 December, 1808; but, on that day, much to our astonishment, the 
 Grand Lodge was uot opened, aud has not since been. After closing 
 the Graud Lodge as above, they did admit the members of the Grand 
 Lodge of Modem Masons in convention, and they jointly did elect 
 offn-'-rs to preside over the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, (not 
 Ancient York Masons,) and, as we conceive, highly improper and in- 
 consistent with the rules and regulations of Ancient York Masonry. 
 Aud we are directed to inform you our Lodge are resolved not to come 
 into their measures; nor will we place ourselves under their jurisdic- 
 tion; aud mean, by the help of our Supreme Grand Master, to hold to 
 our integrity as Ancient York Masons. And as you, our brethren, 
 have taken the necessary obligations, you will easily perceive it is im- 
 possible to comply with the seventh article of their convention, which 
 admits of Modern Masons into Ancient Lodges without having gone 
 through the forms required by Ancient Masonry; and you know, 
 brethren, no man can be admitted into a Lodge of Ancient Masons 
 
i\ -MiTIf ('ARM LIN A. 
 
 97 
 
 without being regularly entered, past and raised in a regular constituted 
 Lodge of Ancient York Masons. 
 
 Brethren, we think it highly necessary to inform you unanimity ia 
 required in our present situation, as the Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 York Masons. is suspended in Charleston, and can only be revived by 
 the joint endeavors of the several Subordinate Lodges who have not, 
 nor will not, take the test oath and acknowledge the jurisdiction of the 
 Grand Lodge of. South Carolina (not Ancient York Masons). It 
 may be also proper to inform you that Lodges, when the majority of 
 its members have taken the said test oath, have thought proper to 
 reject, and imperiously turned out and deprived those who take the 
 liberty of differing in opinion with them of the privilege aud benefits 
 which they are entitled to; and, although they may have been regu- 
 larly admitted and considered respectable members of the said Lodge, 
 without regard to their being old and faithful Past Masters of the 
 Lod _ 
 
 Brethren, we are also requested to inform you that the country 
 Lodges were not, agreeable to our opiniou, duly aud properly repre- 
 sented, that is to say, one person acted as a proxy for several Lodges 
 and, by the regulation acted upon, the said proxy was not entitled but 
 to one vote, although they represented several Lodges. 
 
 It is our wish you should unite with us in support of our Ancient 
 Craft, and for that reason we have been instructed to address you, 
 hoping you will return an answer to this, our letter, as speedily as 
 possible. 
 
 We are, Brethren, your obt, &c, 
 
 John Darby, ^ 
 
 Eliab Kingman, j 
 
 Samuel Nobbs, I Committee. 
 
 Richard Smallwood, j 
 Morris Goldsmith, J 
 
 To this letter favorable replies were received from many of the 
 Lodges. The general tenor of these letters, all of which I have care- 
 fully read and have now before me, may be judged of by the following 
 extract from one of them, from Lodge No. 39, at Coosawhatchie : 
 
 " A\ e will, with pleasure, cooperate with you or any other Lodge 
 that may be disposed to aid us in the support of our ancient establish- 
 ment. Nor will we acknowledge the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge 
 
Ojj history of freemasonry 
 
 of South Carolina, or hold ourselves amenable for any of our acts to 
 them, they having absolved themselves from all control over us." 
 • Another clause, in the seventh article, which required every Mason 
 when he visite J a Lodge to enter into an obligation " not to reveal any 
 part of the mysteries or ceremonies," gave as much offence as that 
 other clause already alluded to, which authorized Modern Masons to visit 
 Ancient York Lodges without further preparation than the taking of 
 this oath of secrecy. 
 
 What made it still more obnoxious was a resolution adopted by the 
 new Grand Lodge on the 28th of January, LS09, by which such mem- 
 bers of the Subordinate Lodges as should refuse to take or affirm to the 
 oath of secrecy when required so to do by the Worshipful Master, were 
 declared to be prohibited from visiting or sitting in any Lodge under 
 its jurisdiction, until they should have taken or affirmed to the same. 
 
 By a fair interpretation it excluded York Masons from visiting 
 Lodges of their own rite, until they had embarrassed themselves with 
 this new test. And, by a just deduction, they argued that such a test 
 could not be necessary unless there had been a change in the work. 
 "If the work is not altered," said Lodge No. 31, in ono of its subse- 
 quent circulars, " why this strong precaution ? and why turn a Mason 
 out of his Mother Lodge for not taking it, and debar him of all his 
 former rights and privileges?" 
 
 To test this question a committee of St. John's Lodge No. 31, on 
 the evening of the 1st February, 1809, visited the place of meeting of 
 Lodge No. 8, an Ancient York Lodge, which had submitted to the 
 United Grand Ledge. On demanding admission, but refusing to take 
 the test oath which was tendered to them, they were not permitted to 
 enter. This circumstance was repor'ed to the Lodge, and immediately 
 after St. John's Lodge No. 31 adopted the following resolution : 
 
 " Resolve?, That this Lodge will not acknowledge the Grand Lodge 
 of South Carolina, nor admit any of its members, or the members of 
 any Lodge under its jurisdiction, that have taken the test or oath of 
 secrecy for Moderns, to enter the Loige before taking the regular obli- 
 gation as we have." 
 
 In the meantime the Grand Lodge of South Carolina was not slow 
 in vindicating its rights, but, on the contrary, appears to have acted 
 with much energy in the attempt to put down the growing op- 
 position. 
 
 In January the Grand Lodge appointed a Committee of Inspectors 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 99 
 
 to superintend the working of the Subordinat-3 Lodges, and to introduce 
 a system of uniformity in the ceremonies. 
 
 This Committee, of which Benjamin Cudwrth, a Past Grand Mas- 
 ter of the former York Grand Lodge, was Chairman, appeared on the 
 evening of the 1st of March, 1809, b.-fore the door of St. John's 
 L)dge X). 31, and requested admission. After some delay they were 
 waited upon by a committee who informed them that the Lodye did 
 nut acknowledge the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodize of South Caro- 
 lina, and had come to the conclusion to admit no one who had taken 
 the test oath as required by the Convention and adopted by the said 
 Grand Lodge. 
 
 The Chairman of the Inspectors replied that they did not come there 
 to hi interrogatefl as to whether they had or had not taken the te :t oath, 
 but in the name of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, and by its 
 authority, to demand admittance, which being again positively refused, 
 the Inspectors withdrew. 
 
 This in ident was, of course, at once reported to the Grand Lodge 
 of South Carolina, and the consequence was the adoption, on the 2d of 
 March. 1809, of the following stringent resolutions: 
 
 " Wheieas, sundry persons, calling themselves Free Misons, in defi- 
 ance of the Masonic authority of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, 
 and i:i contempt of the most sacred obligations, do c.mtinuc to assem- 
 ble for the purpose of making Free Masons, and for performing other 
 work appertaining to the Craft, without having legal warrants of con- 
 sti ution from the Grand Lodge for so doing ; and, whereas, several of 
 them have, at divers times, distributed printed circular letters among 
 the faithful Brotherhood for the purpose of exciting sedition and rebel- 
 lion against the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, and of iuducing them 
 to violate the obedience which is due to the lawful head of the Craft in 
 this State, and have, in the said circulars, spoken in the most contemp- 
 tuous manner of the proceedings and authority of the Grand Lodge. 
 And, whereas, some injury may arise to the Craft from artful persons 
 imposing upon the credulity of some Brethren who, with the best 
 intentions, will not, however, take the trouble to inquire into the truth 
 of their representations, and may, in this manner, seduce them from 
 their just allegiance; it has become the duty of the Grand Lodge to 
 take order in the premises. 
 
 '• There ore, B>- it liewloed, That every warrant of constitution, for 
 holding of u Ludge for making of Free Masons in this State, not issued 
 
KM) HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 by this Grand Lodge, is null aud void, and of no effect from and after 
 the date hereof. 
 
 "Resolved, That every person, entered, passed or raised, in this 
 State, or within the limits of its masonic jurisdiction, except in those 
 Lodges working under the sanction and authority of this Graud Lodge, 
 are hereby deemed and declared to be clandestine Masons. Provided, 
 That this resolution shall not extend to the country Lodges until after 
 the quarterly communication in June next. 
 
 " Resolved, That the Lodge in this city, calling itself St. John's 
 Lodge No. 31, Ancient York Masons, acting under a warrant of con- 
 stitution which is null and void, be, and the same is hereby, declared to 
 be a clandestine Lodge, and the members thereof be expelled from the 
 true Craft. 
 
 " Resolved, That this Grand Lodge will not issue warrants of consti- 
 tution to any Lodge in any other State where there is a superintending 
 Grand Lodge. 
 
 " Resolved, That the Corresponding Grand Secretary do transmit to 
 the Subordinate Lodges under this jurisdiction, and to the several 
 Grand Lodges in coirespondence with us, in the usual mode, the fore- 
 going report and resolutions." 
 
 Matters were now, by this act of the Grand Lodge, brought to a 
 crisis. The recusant Masous were placed by this decree of expulsion 
 in such a position that they were compelled either to surrender their 
 warrants, acknowledge themselves clandestine, or unite in the organi- 
 zation of a new or the resuscitation of the old Grand Lodge of 
 Ancient York Masons. The last course,, as being the most sensible 
 and prudent, they determined to adopt. 
 
 Accordingly on the 1st of April, 1809, St. John's Lodge No. 31, 
 to which the other Lodges seemed willingly to have surrendered the 
 lead in all these movements, issued a circular to the York Lodges of 
 the State, suggesting the appointment of one or more proxies from each 
 Lodge to meet in the town of Columbia, on the 1st of May, for the 
 purpose of reviving the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons, elect- 
 ing officers and fixing the future times and places of meeting. 
 
 This proposition was cordially responded to, and on that day the 
 proxies or representatives of sixteen Lodges met in convention at 
 Columbia. 
 
 As the proceedings of that Convention were highly important, and 
 as but rare copies of the document which contains them are now in 
 
IN SOTJTB CAROLINA. ioi 
 
 existence, I have deemed it most expedient to publish the original 
 report of the transactions of the Convention. 
 
 "A 1 , a Grand Convention of Ancient York Masons, held at Colum- 
 bia on the first day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight 
 hundred and nine, and of Masonry 5809 : Composed of Proxies from 
 the following Lodges, viz : 
 
 "From Lodge No. 6, Winnsborough, Caleb Clark, Esq. 
 
 No. 19, Laurens Court-House, Robt. Hutchinson. 
 
 No. 24, Hockey Creek, Charles Thorn. 
 
 No. 28, Chester Court-House, George Kennedy. 
 
 No. Si, Charleston, John Darby. 
 
 No. 32, Yorkville, James Mitchell. 
 
 No. 34, Edistow Island, (St. John's, Colleton,) 13. Bailey. 
 
 No. 41, Beaufort, Beoj. Jinkins. 
 
 No. 42, St. Helena, Ditto. 
 
 No. 43, Newberry Court-House, Jas. M'Kibbon, & Saml. M'Callcy. 
 
 Xo. 44, Laurens District, Win F. Downes. 
 
 No. 48, Marion Court-House, John Gibson. 
 
 No. 53, Newberry, E. L. Hogg. 
 
 No. 54, Edgefield District, John Abney. 
 
 No. 55, Barnwell District, David Ewing, & Saml. M. Wallace. 
 
 No. 58, Cambridge, Archey Mayson. 
 
 "Brother Caleb Clark, Esq., as representative of the Senior Lodge, 
 was called to the Chair; and Brother Benjamin Jinkins, Esq., nomi- 
 nated Secretary; after which the representatives from the several 
 Lodges produced their Credentials, which were read and approved of. 
 The Convention then proceeded to take into consideration the several 
 subject matters for which it was convened, and after discussion and 
 mature deliberation, unanimously adopted the following Resolves — 
 
 " Resolve 1. — Resolved, that in the opinion of this Convention, the 
 officers and members which composed the Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 York Masons, by uniting with the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted 
 Masons, in the manner adopted by them, were guilty of Unmasonic 
 Conduct, violated the trusts and confidence reposed in them as Ancient 
 York Masons, forfeited all the rights and privileges as such, and all 
 rights, benefits, and advantages resulting to them from the Act of 
 Incorporation, passed on the 20th December, 1791. 
 
 l( Resolvi 2. — Resolved, that in the opinion of this Convention, 
 those Lodges which have not acoeded to the union of the two Grand. 
 
102 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Lodges, but have refused to surrender their Old Warrants and accept 
 of new ones in their stead, from the Grand Lodge denominated the 
 Grand Lodge of South-Carolina Free & Accepted Masons, are 
 the only true Lodges uf Ancient York Masons in this State, and 
 that they owe no allegiance to the said Grand Lodge, but lurve power 
 and are fully authorized by virtue of their Warrants of Constitution, 
 and the Act of Incorporation passed as aforesaid, to perpetuate the 
 Grand Lodge of the State of South-Carolina Ancient York Masons. 
 
 " Resolve 3. — Resolved in the opinion of this Convention, the 
 several Subordinate Lodges which were under the jurisdiction of the 
 Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons, at the time of its union with 
 the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, and which are in 
 arrears to the said Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons, ought not 
 to piy the same to the said Grand Lodge of South-Carolina, (not 
 Ancient York Masons,") but should retain it until otherwise ordered by 
 the Grand L dge of South-Carolina Ancient York 3Iasous, to bo per- 
 petuated by this Convention. 
 
 " Resolve '4; — Resolved, that it is the opinion of this Convention, 
 that no Mason that has taken the Test-Oath, presented by the Grand 
 Lodge of South-Carolina Free and Accepted Masons (so called), ought 
 to be admitted into any Lodge that may be under the jurisdiction of 
 the Grand Lodge of South-Carolina Aucient York Masons, perpetuated 
 by this Convention. 
 
 "Resolve 5. — Resolved, that it is the opinion of this Convention, 
 that the Warrants of Constitution held by the several Subordinate 
 Lodges which have not acceded to the union are valid, and sufficient 
 for the said Lodges to convene and work under. 
 
 " Resolve 6. — Resolved, that it is the opinion of this Convention, 
 that the Grand Lodge of South-Carolina Ancient York Masons ought 
 to be immediately perpetuated, and officers elected for the same. 
 . " Resolve 7. — Resolved, that this Convention do, at ten o'clock on 
 Wednesday, the third instant, go into an election of officers for the 
 said Grand Lodge of South-Carolina Ancient York Masons. 
 
 " Wednesday, May 3rd, 1809. 
 "The Convention, agreeable to the 7th Resolve, at ten o'clock this 
 day, went into an election for the several officers for the Grand Lodge 
 of South-Carolina Ancient York Masons, and on casting up the ballots 
 it appeared that the following Brethren were unanimously elected — 
 The Honorable Judge William Smith, Grand Master; Colonel Chas. J. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 103 
 
 Colcock, Deputy Grand Master; Captain "William C. Meirgot, Senior 
 Grand Warden; George Taylor, Esq., Junior Grand Warden ; Captain 
 John Buchanan, Grand Secretary; John Johnson, Esq., Grand Trea- 
 surer; John Darby, Esq., Grand Marshall; and Benjamin Jenkins, 
 Esq., Grand Pursuivant. After the election, the following Resolves 
 were adopted — 
 
 " Resolve 8. — Resolved, that the Standing Committee of corres- 
 pondence and arrangement do consist of the Committee of Corres- 
 pondence of. Lodge No 31, Charleston. 
 
 "Resolve 9 — Hesolved, that the officers elect be notified of their 
 election, and that on Monday, the 10th inst., at Charleston, be the 
 time and place for their installation. 
 
 " Resolve 10. — Resolved, that the Committee of Correspondence and 
 Arrangement of this Convention have printed one hundred copies of 
 the Resolves and Proceedings of this Convention, and transmit a copy 
 thereof to each Lodge that they may deem necessary and proper. 
 
 " R solve 11. — Resolved, that the several Credentials which have 
 been produced and approved of by this Convention be placed into the 
 hands of John Darby, and by him delivered to the Secretary of the 
 said Grand Lodge. 
 
 " R- solve 1-. — Resolved, that the Chairman, and Brother Darby, 
 have published in the Columbia and Charleston papers the names of 
 the Brethren elected to the offices of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 ?• Resolve 13. — Resolved, that Brother Archey Mayson, William F. 
 Dowues, and Samuel M. Wallace, be a Committee to tender the thanks 
 of this Convention to the Officers and Members of St. John's Lodge 
 No. 31, Charleston, for their exertions in support of the Ancient Craft. 
 
 " Resolve 14. — Resolved, that this Convention do recommend to the 
 Officers and Members of the Grand Lodge of South-Carolina Ancient 
 York Masons, that they meet in Columbia, on Wednesday, the 29th 
 November next, for the purpose of transacting such business as may be 
 laid before them for the interest of the True Craft. 
 
 " R>s Ive 15. — Resolved, that this Convention do adjourn, and that 
 the Resolves and Proceedings be signed by the Chairman, and counter- 
 signed by the Secretary, and be delivered into the hands of Brother 
 John Darby, and by him delivered (after publication) into the hands 
 of the Grand Secretary. 
 
 "CALEB CLARK, Chairman. 
 
 "BENJ. JENKINS, Secretary." 
 
 And thus, after an ephemeral union of scarcely four months — an im- 
 
104 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 perfect union, because, from the very commencement of it, many of 
 the Lodges refused their sanction or concurrence, we see discord again 
 lifting its head, and two Grand Lodges once more dividing and dis- 
 tracting the Masonic jurisdiction of South Carolina. 
 
 The " Grand Lodge of South Carolina" consisted of all the Lodges 
 which formerly held their warrants from the Grand Lodge of Free and 
 Accepted Masons, with a few of the York Lodges. The " Grand 
 Lodge of South Carolina Ancient York Masons" was composed entirely 
 of the Lodges which had formerly held their warrants from its prede- 
 cessor, and which had not united with the new Grand Lodae of South 
 Carolina. 
 
 Notwithstanding the disruption which had thus suddenly taken 
 place, the intended union cannot be considered as altogether a failure. 
 It evidently prepared the way for that more perfect and permanent 
 union which was consummated nine years afterwards, and under which 
 we are now living. 
 
 It is worth while to investigate the real effect of the union of the 
 two Grand Lodges in the year 1808 — the effect, I mean, not in the 
 condition of the Lodges at that time, or on the prosperity of the Order 
 at any time thereafter, but the effect on the subsequent character of the 
 ritual in the State. 
 
 From 1736 to 1787, or to a few years anterior to that latter date, 
 the Masons of South Carolina were working under the jurisdiction of 
 the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of England, that body 
 which had been reorganized in 1717, and which the Athol Masons had 
 attempted to stigmatize with the offensive name of the " Moderns." 
 
 xV few years anterior to 1787, the Athol Grand Lodges of England 
 and Pennsylvania had introduced their system of what was-called 
 "Ancient York Masonry" iuto the jurisdiction, and a Grand Lodge 
 of that party having been established in 1787, from that time to 1808, 
 South Carolina resembled England in having the government of the 
 Order distracted between two Grand Lodges, namely : the Grand 
 Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, the older, and undoubtedly, by 
 all the principles of Masonic jurisprudence, the regular and legal one; 
 and the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons, which, irregular in its 
 descent from the spurious Grand Lodge of England, was schismatic 
 and an intruder. 
 
 Between these two Grand Lodges there sprung up a bitter rivalry, 
 based on the pretension of each to Masonic purity and legality, and the 
 denial of these attributes to its antagonist. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA 105 
 
 Notwithstanding; the loose assertions of Dalcho to the contrary, we 
 have the most undoubted authority for saying, that there were material 
 and essential differences in the work and discipline of these two bodies. 
 Dermott, Preston, Oliver, all indeed who have written on the Bttbji 
 concur in this opinion. Dermott and Preston, each of whom was well 
 acquainted with both systems, unequivocally assert the fact as to the 
 work. It cannot therefore be denied. 
 
 As to the discipline, there is here even less reason for doubt. Der- 
 mott's "Ahiman Rezon" was the standard law authority of the York 
 party; Anderson's "Constitutions," of the Free and Accepted. Both 
 books are easily accessible to any one, and a cursory inspection of 
 them will demonstrate that the law and discipline inculcated by the 
 one, is in many ess ntial points opposed to what was taught by the 
 other. 
 
 As to the popularity of the two parties, if I may be allowed to apply 
 the word to Masonry, as indicating or expressing that good will in the 
 community which aids in the growth and prosperity of a society, the 
 York Masons evidently had the advantage. I do not know to what to 
 attribute this fact, except it be to the greater energy, devotion and 
 Masonic intelligence of their members, but in all countries where the 
 two opposing Societies came into contact, the Ancient York .Masons 
 appear to have gone rapidly ahead of the Free and Accepted. It was 
 the case in England, where the Athol Grand Lodge was in correspond- 
 ence with the Grand Lodges of Scotland and Ireland, which bodies for 
 a long time refused Masonic communion with the regular Gran 1 Lodge 
 of England. 
 
 Iu America, a large majority of the Grand Lodges were Ancient 
 York iu their origin and character. 
 
 And in South Carolina, the Ancient York Grand Lodge numbered 
 three Lodges under its jurisdiction, for every one that was under that 
 of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons. 
 
 Now, it was natural that the Free and Accepted Masons — at least 
 the intelligent ones — should see and understand all this. It was 
 natural that they should endeavor to get rid of these successful rivals, 
 whose success was being built on their own ruin. It did not require 
 the prevision of a prophet to divine that, according to the common 
 principles of progression, the continuance of this condition of things 
 to a not very distant period, must eild in the entire dissolution of their 
 party and the perpetual establishment of that of their opponents. 
 
 If they could have had any certain prospect of success, it is likely 
 
106 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 that they would have been willing to destroy the Masonic existence of 
 these intruders — to have expelled every Ancient York Mason in their 
 jurisdiction, as clandestine and schismatic, and thus to have had the 
 whole field to themselves. It is not at ah improbable that this was the 
 real feeling at the time of the establishment of the Grand Lodge of 
 York Masons in 1787,- and during the years that it was growing in 
 strength and numbers, while that of the Free and Accepted Masous 
 was diminishing in both. 
 
 But the Free and Accepted Grand Lodge was not strong enough to 
 do this. I am afraid that it did not have onergy enough to think of 
 attempting it. The first instance of the expulsion of the members of 
 a recusant Ltd^e was in 1^09, when this punishm:nt was inflicted by 
 the new Grand Lodge of South larolina on the members of St. John's 
 Lodge No. 31. Hut at that lim-' the Grand Lodge was composed both 
 of Free and Accepted and Ancient York Masons, who had lately united 
 together, and I cannot hesitate to attribute the determined and resolute 
 action of March 20, 1K09, to the councils and influence of the latter. 
 
 But there was another way in which the rivalry might be extin- 
 guished. And that was by a union of both bodies and the establish- 
 ment of one Grand Lodge for the State. 
 
 Now as there is more strength in union than in division — more 
 pleasure in harmony than in discord — it is not to be doubted, that the 
 York Masons would be as ready to meet the Free and Accepted Masons 
 in any measure of this kind, as the latter would be to offer it. 
 
 But a union of two such discordant elements could not be effected 
 except by some abandonment of principle in one party or the other, or 
 in both. The Ancients and the Moderns could not come together and 
 work under the same system, unless the Ancients adapted that of the 
 Moderns, or the Moderns that of the Ancients, or each retained a part 
 of its own with another part of the other's, or lastly, unless they in- 
 vented an entirely new system. 
 
 Such, a few years later, was the case in England, when at the union 
 of the two Gran J Lodges it was found necessary to appoint a "Lodge 
 of Reconciliation" for the purpose of adjusting the two kinds of work, 
 and the old Prestonian Lectures of the Free and Accepted Masons 
 having been abolished, Dr. Henning was appointed to prepare a new 
 system. 
 
 Now, in South Carolina, we have too many evidenses remaining of 
 the pertinacity with which the Ancient Yorks adhered to their own 
 peculiar system to permit us to suppose that they had any disposition 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 107 
 
 to adopt a compromise which would involve an abandonment of their 
 own peculiar and cherished system. 
 
 Arguing then, a priori, we are lei to conclude that the Ancient 
 York Masons did not yield any appreciable part of their work or 
 discipline in going into the union, and judging from what wo know of 
 the subsequent condition of Masonry in Carolina, we cjme by an argu- 
 ment, a pvstrriori, to the same conclusion. 
 
 And why should the Ancient Yorka have yielded anything of a 
 material nature lor the sake of this union ? They were already in the 
 ascendancy. A longer separation could do them no injury. If either 
 body was to fall into decay by a continuance of the antagonism, it 
 would surely be the Free and Accepted Masons. That body was 
 already reduced to a state of great weakness. It c:msi:-ted of a few 
 Lodges in the city, with scarcely one in the country. On the other 
 hand, the York Masons had possession of the whole State outside of 
 Charleston, and in the city they were in the m; jority, both as to the 
 number of Lodges and the number of me iibers. 
 
 Tl e union was clearly necessary to the prosperity and even the con- 
 tinued existence of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, 
 aud it there was to be any yielding at all of principle, or any change 
 of work, that yielding and that change would naturally be expected to 
 proceed from the Free and Accepted Masons, who were to receive the 
 uiost advantage from the union. 
 
 It will be observed that the only allusion to the work which is con- 
 tained in the articles of union is the one which provides that a Com- 
 mittee of Inspectors should be appointed to instruct the several Lodges. 
 When that committee was appointed, three of them were taken from 
 the Ancients, of whom the chairman was one, that position being 
 occupied by Benjamin Cudworth, a Past Grand Master of the Ancient 
 York Grand Lodge. 
 
 Under such auspices it is easy to divine what sort of instruction 
 would be given. 
 
 We know, too, that Anderson's "Constitutions," which had been 
 the authoritative code of the old Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted 
 Masons, was now abandoned, and that the new Grand Lodge made use 
 of Dalchu's "Ahiman Kezon." Now this was simply a commentary 
 on, and in many portions a mere compilation from, the "Ahiman 
 llezon," of Laurence Dermott. This had always been the " Hook of 
 Constitutions" of the Ancient York Masons, and the use of it by the 
 new Grand Lodge of South Carolina is a pregnant evidence that in 
 
lQg HISTORY OF FREEMASON R\ 
 
 going into the union the Free and Accepted Masons had altogether 
 abandoned the system of Masonic jurisprudence and discipline to which 
 they had been accustomed. 
 
 "We cannot of course get possession of the same sort of tangible 
 evidence that they had abandoned, with equal facility, their old work, 
 but the readiness with which they yielded in the question of discipline 
 would lead us to believe that they were not likely to make a more 
 determined stand for the preservation of their work and ritual. But, 
 in fact, we have positive evidence on this subject. When the uniou 
 of 1817 took place, Thomas W. Bacot was elected Grand Master of 
 the United Grand Lodge, and delivered an inaugural address on that 
 occasion. Brother Bacot was a man of much intelligence, and was 
 personally conversant with the condition of things in the year 1808. 
 Now in that address, speaking of the union of 1808, he used this 
 language: "The number of 'Free and Accepted' being very few, 
 compared with that of the 'Ancient York' Masons, the ' Grand Lodge 
 of South Carolina' adopted the mode of work, &o., entire, of the 
 latter." This sets the question at rest. 
 
 The committee of this new Grand Lodge of South Carolina were 
 therefore justified by the record when, in 1809, while sending a " Letter 
 to the Seceding Masons," they said that "by the abolition of Modern 
 Lodges, there is not at present a single person of that denomination in 
 the State." 
 
 It was true. The old Masonry derived from the Provincial Grand 
 Lodge, which had been fouuded in 1736 by the regular Grand Lodge 
 of England, was extinct. And, although from 1809 to 1817 there 
 were two contending Grand Lodges, they were no longer the represen- 
 tatives of " Ancient" and "Modern" Masonry — of two parties, the 
 " Yorks" and the "Free and Accepted" — of two disciplines, the "Der- 
 mott" and the "Anderson" — but were both Ancient York Lodges, 
 separating only on a single point, the refusal of the Seceders to take 
 an additional test, which the others insisted on administering, and the 
 regulation imposing which was aftei wards repealed by the latter party 
 as being illegal, or at least uunecessar . 
 
 It is not therefore surprising that when at length in 1817 the per- 
 manent union took place, the Committees of Inspection, appointed by 
 the two Grand Lodges, namely, the one formed in 1808 and the one 
 revived in 1809, should have reported " that there exists no difference 
 in the mode of entering, passing and raising, instructing, obligating 
 and clothing brothers in the respective Grand Lodges." 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLES \. 109 
 
 Of course, how could there be any such difference when both bodies 
 worked according to the Ancient York system. 
 
 Well, if such were the facts, what was the effect on the condition of 
 Masonry in the State. No one who has not closely investigated the 
 subject can at all appreciate the magnitude of these results. 
 
 In the first place, then, as to the work. As nearly all the Grand 
 Lodges of the Uuited States, at that time existing, had derived their 
 ritual with the warrants of their Lodges from the Athol Grand Lodge, 
 or from some of its collaborators, and as, even where such was not the 
 case, Ancient York Masonry had penetrated with its influences, and, to 
 some extent, infused the elements of its system into the Order, the 
 Masons of South Carolina, by the adoption of the Ancient York work, 
 were placed in uniformity with their brethren of other States. The 
 American system prevailed here as it did elsewhere, so that by the 
 operation of this cause there is, at this day, a greater uniformity in 
 work between the Lodges of South Carolina and those of New York, 
 although almost at the two extremities of the American States, than 
 there is betweeo the Lodges of New York and those of Canada, 
 although only separated by a river. 
 
 In so far as the work was concerned, the influence of the union of 
 1808 was for good. 
 
 But, as to discipline, the result was not so happy. The thirty-nine 
 regulations which had been adopted in 1723, and which embraced the 
 most important legal landmarks, were, of course, abandoned with the 
 abandonment of Anderson's Constitutions which contained them, and 
 for them were substituted the innovations of Dermott's Ahiman Rezon, 
 with all his new regulations. And thus, among other evils, the 
 requirement of two black balls to reject a candidate, the admission of 
 Past Masters into membership in the Grand Lodge, and the substitu- 
 tion of proxies for the legal representatives of the Subordinate Lodges, 
 were introduced into the Masonic Constitution of South Carolina as 
 parts of the Ancient York system of discipline. And it was not until 
 a few years ago that under the strong efforts of a reformation, inaugu- 
 rated in 1850, these evils began to disappear, so that in 1860 the 
 Grand Lodge was able to shake off the improper influences, in this 
 respect, of the union of 1808. 
 
 In so far, therefore, as the discipline was concerned, the influence of 
 " the union of 1808 was for evil. 
 
 After this long digression, it is time to return to the facts of history. 
 
 Several of the Grand Lodges of the United States expressed un- 
 
HO HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 favorable op'nions of the basis on which the union of the two bodies 
 in South Carolina had been cemented, and .some of them took occasion 
 to censure the new Grand Lodge in terms that were far from beiu<r 
 Courteous. 
 
 Thus on the 1st of May, 1809, the Grand Lodge of Maryland 
 adopted the following preamble ai.d resolutions: 
 
 "The Grand Lodge of Maryland, viewing with abhorrence, t; ingl d 
 wit: sincere regret, that the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, forgetting 
 the anc ent landmarks and boundary lines of our honorable Order, and 
 losing sight of those obligations which have fur time immemorial 
 bound us in the strongest chains of brotherly affection, have united 
 themselves with a set of men, who, however honorable or praiseworthy 
 they may be, cannot be considered by us as Masons; and noticing at 
 the same time, with the most unfeigned satisfaction, the firm and vir- 
 tuous opposition which has been made to this unwarrantable step, by 
 St. John's Lodge No. Ul, A. Y. M, to Charleston, do therefore • ud 
 hereby Resolve, 
 
 " 1st. That the R. W. G. Lodge of Maryland cannot consistently 
 with their sense of duty as Masons, hold any further communication 
 with the Grand Lodge of South Carolina." 
 
 On the 3rd of June, 1800, the Grand Lodge of Georgia expressed 
 its surprise "how Modern Masons, as such, could enter a Lodge the 
 members of which had taken the obligations of Ancient York Masons," 
 and it ordered the different Lodges under its jurisdiction "to examine 
 with the utmost strictness, all visitors, and to receive none as such, but 
 under the test of having received their degrees in a regularly consti- 
 tuted Lodge of Ancient York Masons, and agreeably to the Ancient^ 
 form." 
 
 On the 30th of October, 1809, the Grand Lodge of Kentucky passed 
 a resolution : 
 
 "That we, the Grand Lodge of Kentucky, with extreme regret, con- 
 template the wanderings of the Lodge, calling itself 'The Grand Lodge 
 of South Carolina;' yet we are entirely unwilling and cannot alter or 
 transcend our Ancient York Masonic limits. Hence we are constrained 
 to take a distant leave of those who have wantonly strayed." 
 
 The Grand Lodge at the same time "congratulated their brethren 
 who had withstood the anti-Masonic gale, and were restoring the Grand 
 Lodge of Ancient York Masons in South Carolina." 
 
 And still later, on the 2d of April, 1810, a committee of the Grand 
 Lodge of Pennsylvania reported, "that they were of opinion that the 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. HI 
 
 proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons of South 
 Carolina, in forming the union, had been in the most essential parts 
 irregular, inconsistent with the principles and practice of the Craft, 
 and with the union, harmony, and brotherly duties, which should 
 always subsist between a Grand Lodge and the Subordinate Lodges 
 under its jurisdiction, which make a component part of the said Grand 
 Lodge; and cannot be justified under any pre.ence whatsoever, 
 especially as they are an absolute removal of i ur Ancient landmarks." 
 
 The Committee also reported, that the said Grand Lodge "appear to 
 them to have established what the Committee deem a iVVw Onhr, 
 variant from that of both Ancient York and of M dern Masons, inas- 
 much as they established terms of recognition and fellowship unknown 
 to either." 
 
 The Committee, therefore, reported resolutions approving of the 
 conduct of St. John's Lodge No. 81, and the fifteen other Lodges 
 which had reorganized and perpetuated the Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina Ancient York Masons, and declaring that the Grand Lodge of 
 Pennsylvania " could not acknowledge nor hold any communication 
 with the new Grand Lodge of South Carolina." 
 
 The r port and resolutions were adopted. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Virginia made the most elaborate investigation 
 of the subject, and on the 13th of December, 1800, afrer acknowledg- 
 ing the receipt of several communications from both parties, adopted 
 the following resolutions : 
 
 " On the foregoing subjects, this Grand Lodge premises that, when 
 the members composing it read, at its last annual session, the first 
 communication, dated 'Grand Lodge of South-Carolina, October 4th, 
 5808,' they were so much astonished, both at its form and substance, 
 that they could not credit its authenticity. It apprized them, in sub- 
 stance, that the body called the Grand Lodge of South-Carolina A. Y. 
 M. had not only admitted iito their society persons called Modern 
 Masons, but had actually incorporated and identified themselves with 
 those persons. It announced this information in terms deemed by this 
 Grand Lodge utterly repugnant to all the principles of Free Masonry. 
 They could not believe that a society so respectable and enlightened, as 
 the Grand Lodge of South-Carolina A. V. M. had always been 
 esteemed, could sanction so dangerous and unwarrantable an innova- 
 tion; but subscqueut co:nmuuicatk ns have too clearly proved that it 
 Was autheutic. 
 
J 12 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 "After the most mature deliberation, this Grand Lodge lias come to 
 the following Resolutions : 
 
 " 1. Resolved, unanimously, That while we deeply deplore the ne- 
 cessity of expressing our sentiments en this all important subject, we 
 hold it to be our duty, as Masons, not to shrink from the unpleasaut task. 
 
 " That any number of individuals may form themselves into a 
 Society and prescribe their own mode and terms of admission into that 
 Society, is a principle not to be questioned, and while they conform to 
 the laws of the State in which they reside, neither the civil authority 
 nor any other Society, nor individual, ought to interfere with or dis- 
 turb their deliberations. But we hold it a principle equally clear that 
 every individual has the right of determining whether he will become 
 a member of that Society, and that any other Society may decide 
 whether they will fraternise with it or not. 
 
 "2. Resolved, unanimously, That the conduct of the body of men 
 styling themselves ' The Grand Lodge of -South-Carolina,' in adoptiug 
 the said act of incorporation and union, with persons called Modern 
 Masons, is a removal of the land-marks of A. Y. Masons, a departure 
 from the first principles of our society, and a palpable violation of the 
 most sacred duties incumbent on all A. Y. Masons. Without ques- 
 tioning the purity of the motives of those who adopted the said act of 
 incorporation and union, we cannot, as A. Y. Masons, acknowledge 
 any association, the rules of admission into which deviate from those of 
 our own society; nor can we fraternise with the members of that asso- 
 ciation, however respectable the men may be of whom it is composed. 
 
 "3. Resolved, unanimously, That this Grand Lodge do highly 
 approve of the truly Masonic, firm, wis£, and virtuous couduct of St. 
 John's Lodge No. 31, of Charleston, South-Caroliua, and the other 
 Lodges associated with it, in resisting the said dangerous innovation, 
 and adhering to the ancient land-marks and principles of our institu- 
 tion, and that this Grand Lodge will, with sincere pleasure, interchange 
 communications with the Grand Lodge of A. Y. Masons, established 
 in South-Carolina, St. John's Lodge No. 31, and the other Lodges 
 associated with it. 
 
 "4. Resolved, unanimously, That it be, and it is hereby, specially re- 
 commended to the Lodges, under the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge, 
 to be particularly scrupulous in the examination of all visitors, and to 
 admit none who may, in any way, have departed from the duties and 
 workings of Ancient Y. Masons. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 113 
 
 " 5 Resolved, unanimously, That the Grand Secretary be, and he 
 is hereby, directed to send a copy of the foregoing resolutions to St. 
 John's Lodge No. 31, Charleston, to the Graud Lodge of South Caro- 
 lina A. Y. Masons, to all the Grand Lodges in correspondence with 
 this Grand Lodge, and to Dr. Frederick Dalcho, of Charleston." 
 
 The reader will notice the care with wlrch they omit, in the last 
 resolution, all official recognition of the new Graud Lodge, but order 
 the result of their deliberations to be sent to "Dr. Frederick Dalcho, 
 of Charleston," who was, it will be recollected, the Corresponding 
 Grand Secretary of that body. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of New Hampshire seems to have been the only 
 body that sought to pour oil upon the troubled waters. It addressed a 
 communication to the brethren of St. John's Lodge No. 31, a copy of 
 which was also sent to the new Grand Lodge. This communication, 
 signed by L. Spalding, Grand Secretary, is in these words : 
 
 " Worshipful Sir & Brothers : 
 
 " We, the Grand Lodge of the State of Newhampshire, have re- 
 ceived your two communications of January 7th & March 9th, of the 
 present year, and have commanded our Grand Secretary to say, in 
 answer thereto, that we sincerely lament the misunderstanding that 
 appears to exist between your Lodge and the Supreme Masonic juris- 
 diction in the State of South Carolina, and we sincerely hope that the 
 same will be soon amicably adjusted as the only means by which Ma- 
 sonry can be rendered respectable in the State. There must be no 
 schism in the household of the righteous; a house divided against 
 itself will fall. In the Northern States we know and make no distinc- 
 tions, we are all Columbian Masons, we loath and abhor party distinc- 
 tions, they have been a long time since done away. It was the darling 
 object of our late most worthy Grand Master to abolish the distinction 
 of Ancient and Modern Masons, and substitute Columbian Masons. 
 Masonry is one and universal. 
 
 " We sincerely hope, that long before this can reach you, that all 
 misunderstandings will have been amicably settled to the perfect satis- 
 faction of all concerned; this, we think, can be done very easily, as 
 there is, and ought to be, a spirit of brotherly love existing on both 
 sides. There is but one right and one wrong side in this affair. You 
 both have Masonic and moral information enough, if you throw aside 
 prejudice, to judge aright, and you have virtue enough to act aright, 
 which, when done, aud you only can do it, will place Masonry on a 
 8 
 
214 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 never failing basis, which is the wish, hopes and expectation of the 
 Grand Lodge of Newhauipshirc. 
 
 L. SPALDING, G. Secretary." 
 
 It will be seen that the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire expressed 
 no opinion of the true merits of the question. It, however, did not 
 withdraw from communion with the new Grand Lodge of South Caro- 
 lina. 
 
 On the 15th of May, 1809, "a number of Past Masters and others" 
 assembled at Mead's Hotel, in Charleston, which was, at that time, the 
 usual place of meeting of the Ma-sonic bodies, when Judge William 
 Smith was installed as Grand Master of the revived Grand Lodge of 
 Ancient York Masons of South Carolina. The other officers were 
 installed at a subsequent meeting of the Grand Lodge held at the 
 same place on the 7th of June following. 
 
 At this communication of the 7th of June, 1809, the revived Grand 
 Lodge of Ancieut York Masons appeared resolved to act with more 
 energy than forbearance. It accordingly expelled the officers and 
 members of Lodges No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, 14, 45 and 51, "together 
 with all other Ancient Masons that had taken the test oath or in any 
 way worked ia an illegal or unmasonic manner, under the Grand 
 Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons." 
 
 The Lodges above named were all Ancient York Lodges of the city 
 of Charleston, which had united with the new Grand Lodge. Not a 
 single Lodge in the country had given in its adhesion to the new body, 
 but all recognized allegiance to the revived Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 York Masons. 
 
 On the 29th of November, 1809, the Grand Lodge of Ancient York 
 Masons held a quarterly communication at Columbia, on which occa- 
 sion a new code of by-laws was adopted. 
 
 At this time some of the Lodges and many of the brethren who had 
 at first united with the new Grand Lodge, began already to feel doubts 
 of the correctness of their conduct, and expressed a disposition lo re- 
 turn to their primitive allegiance to the Grand Lodge of Ancient York 
 Masons. To meet these views the Grand Lodge of Ancient York 
 Masons adopted the following resolution : 
 
 " Whereas, many Masons, once highly respected members of Lodges 
 constituted under the Grand Lodge, have alienated themselves by 
 incautiously adopting principles infringing upo i the great landmarks 
 of Ancient York Masons, and, by uniting with Lodges unknown to this, 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. H5 
 
 have precipitated themselves from that once usual intercourse and fra- 
 ternal concord which, from time immemorial, has eminently distin- 
 guished and dignified our valuable institution ; but who, viewing with 
 regret and contrition the unhappy schism thereby created, arc anxiously 
 disposed to return and earnestly solicit re-admission into our Ancient 
 Order: The Grand Lodge, duly impressed with the great importance 
 of enabling such again to participate in the benefits and privileges of 
 the true craft, while it sympathises in the unhappy cause of disunion, 
 is constrained to believe that they surrendered the reins of their better 
 judgments into hands unworthy of the sacred trust, and were unhap- 
 pily, though not criminally, misled. 
 
 '• Therefore, Resolved., That a Committee be appointed for the purpose 
 of receiving applications from such Lodges or brethren as may be de- 
 sirous of coming again under the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge, 
 with instructions to report immediately thereon." 
 
 Soon after these events, the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, seeing 
 the dislike which was entertained by all classes for the test oath, 
 abolished that objectionable feature, and in 1811 we find that body 
 accused by the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons of "enticing 
 individuals" who were members of the York Masons into their com- 
 munion. As the preamble and resolutions adopted by the Grand 
 Lodge of Ancient York Masons, to counteract these measures of the 
 United Grand Lodge, detail an important part of the Masonic history 
 of the period, and as I know of but a single copy of the circular con- 
 taining them to be in existence, I do not hesitate to publish it in full. 
 It is dated "Charleston, 16th May, 1812," and is in these words, 
 being an extract from the minutes of a meeting held on the 4th of the 
 preceding December: 
 
 " Whereas it has been the practice of late for a body calling them- 
 selves the Grand Lodge of South-Carolina, and Supreme Court of 
 Appeals and sole Masonick jurisdiction of the State aforesaid; the 
 principal part of the Members composing the said Association, having 
 been legally and Constitutionally Expelled by this Grand Lodge, for a 
 breach of our old Constitution, in joining illegally, unlawfully, & con- 
 trary to our Ancient usages and most sacred customs, with men that 
 we could not, and do not acknowledge as Maso::s, or admit into our 
 Ancient Lodges, have been interfering by enticing persons into not 
 only their Subordinate, but even their pretended Grand Lodge, for the 
 purpose of weaning their affections by making a number of wrong 
 statements. Fiuding the Craft firm in not taking a very new and 
 
[10 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 modern tenet, they have abolished the same; and now finding 16 
 impossible to persuade whole Lodges, have taken the method of 
 enticing the Individual Members of the same; making statements to 
 them of their having done all things in order, and professing to be the 
 true and only Craft, although the said Grand Lodge of South-Carolina 
 aforesaid, have themselves declared in their Pamphlet that they are 
 neither Modern nor Ancient York Masons, but have a mode peculiar 
 to themselves, in order to raise a further rebellion in the true Ancient 
 Craft, to the injury not only of this Body, but of all faithful Masons 
 throughout the globe. Therefore, .for the future abolishiug of this 
 illegal and unjust proceeding, and for the information of all our 
 Brethren, it is improper to visit or sit in a Lodge, or with a body of 
 men that have been expelled as aforesaid. 
 
 " Therefore Resolved, That from and after passing the following 
 Besolves, if any Officer or Member of this Grand Lodge shall sit or 
 assist in the Grand Lodge of Suuth-Carolina, or any of their Subordi- 
 nate Lodges, he shall be expelled for the same, or otherwise dealt with as 
 a Majority of the Grand Lodge shall see best, agreeably to the offence. 
 
 "Resolved, That all the Lodges under this jurisdiction do examine 
 with all due strictness, that all visiters have been regularly entered, 
 past, and raised, in a regularly Constituted Lodge of Ancient York 
 Masons; that they are not under the pretended Grand Lodge of South- 
 Carolina; and that they were not a Member or Members of other of 
 the Lodges, who had been expelled by the Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 York Masons, for improperly joining with Modern Masons, or even 
 taking the Test which was proposed by the secedcrs of the Ancient 
 Craft, called an Oath of Secrecy; and that they are not known, or 
 ever were in anywise under their jurisdiction. 
 
 li Resolved, That in case any of the Officers or Members of the 
 Lodges under this jurisdiction should visit or sit with them, in any of 
 their Lodges, they shall be dealt with as in case of the Grand Officers 
 or Members of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 " On motion Resolved, That the above Resolutions be printed by 
 the Corresponding Committee, and sent to the different Lodges under 
 the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge, and to the Grand Lodges cor- 
 responding with the same." 
 
 It will be remembered that when the union took place in 1808, the 
 first of the articles of union provided that the two Grand Lodges should, 
 by joint petition, pray the Legislature, at its next session, to revoke the 
 charters of incorporation, heretofore granted to them respectively, and 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 117 
 
 to incorporate them into one body, to be known as the " Grand Lodge 
 of South Carolina." 
 
 The whole of this provision was never carried out. The revival of 
 the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons prevented the presentation 
 of any petitiou for the abrogation of its charter, and it was not until 
 the year 1814 that a charter of incorporation was granted to the new 
 Grand Lodge of South Carolina. 
 
 At that time the large majority of the Masons who were members'of 
 the Legislature, were attached to the Ancient York party, and strenu- 
 ous exertions were made in opposition to the incorporation of the new 
 body. The act was, however, at length passed on the 20th of Decem- 
 ber, 1814. 
 
 The provisions of the act of incorporation were, in general respects, 
 similar to those of former acts. Lut the evidence of the success of the 
 opposition was shewn in the second section, which confirmed all the 
 property belonging, at the passing of the act, to any Subordinate Lodge, 
 to the said Lodge, " free from any control, superintendence or direction 
 of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina." 
 
 I have no doubt that this clause was inserted with the view of pro- 
 tecting from forfeiture the property of any Lodge which might subse- 
 quently secede from the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, and return to 
 its allegiance to the Ancient York Graud Lodge. 
 
 Another clause in this section shows that the influence of the York 
 Masons had been successfully exerted in the framing of the bill. It is 
 in these words : "Provided always, nevertheless, that nothing herein 
 oontained shall affect the rights and privileges of the Grand Lodge of 
 Ancient York Masons." 
 
 The insertion of this clause and the object of its insertion, did not 
 escape the penetration of the members of the new Grand Lodge. John 
 S. Cogdell, the Corresponding Grand Secretary, writing from Columbia 
 at the time to Thomas W. Bacot, the Crand Master of the Grand 
 Lodge of South Carolina, to announce the passage of the act of in- 
 corporation, alludes to the opposition in the following language: 
 
 " It is with extreme delight I now inform you that after some oppo- 
 sition from a source I trust about to be less hostile than heretofore, I was 
 euabled to succeed in obtaining the charter for the Grand Lodge of 
 South Carolina, in conformity to the directions aud trust confided iu 
 me by the officers and members of the said Graud Lodge. A proviso 
 was, however, added to the bi'l by the opposition, in itself useless, and, 
 I add, harmless, inasmuch as it provides that nothing in the charter 
 
jig HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 now granted should interefere with the rights and privileges of the Grand 
 Lod^e of S. C. A. Y. Masons. This was not the object of the petition- 
 ers before the House, nor could such an act have been binding on the 
 members of the Grand Lodge of A. Y. Masons had the petitioners 
 even desired, or could they have obtained such a charter. The, hour 
 is at hand, I devoutly hope, when the Craft of South Carolina will 
 walk within the same compass, acknowledge themselves of but one 
 family, and, under the auspices of our Divine Architect, unite their 
 efforts for the benefit of Masonry throughout the globe." 
 
 The predictions of the writer of this letter were not made at ran- 
 dom. At least they were soon fulfilled. Three years after, the Masons 
 of South Carolina, impatient of the longer presence of a spirit of dis- 
 cord which had for so many years distracted the jurisdiction, impaired 
 the usefulness and derogated from the honor and dignity of their 
 ancient fraternity, determined to organize a union on a more subslan- 
 tial and permanent basis. The result was, the union tff 1817, under 
 which the Order is now existing. 
 
 But the history of the events which led to that union, and that of 
 the transaction itself, are important enough to demand a new chapter. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. H9 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 TIIE UNION IN 1817. 
 
 Next to the year 1730, which witnessed the introduction of the 
 0:dcr into the State, and the organization for the first time of a Pro- 
 vincial Grand Lodge, the year 1817 becomes, perhaps, the most im- 
 portant in the history of Masonry in this jurisdiction, for it is the era 
 in which we arc to record the annihilation forever of all bitter feeling 
 between the "Ancient" and the "Modern" Lodges, or the "York" 
 and the " Free and Accepted Masons," the dissolution of the two 
 rival Grand Lodges, which for so many years had represented these 
 adverse parties, and the formation in their place of a United Grand 
 Lodge on articles of compromise, of whose perpetuity, in that sense 
 of the word which is applicable to all mundane affairs, there can be 
 no doubt. The example of peace and concord had been exhibited in 
 England four years before by the uuion of the two contending Grand 
 Lodges in that jurisdiction in December, 1813, and as far back as 
 1792, the discordant elements of two Masonic heads had been erased 
 from the history of Massachusetts Masonry. South Carolina was, in 
 fact, now the only State in the Union, and, if we except the Kingdom 
 of France, the .only jurisdiction in the world, where the house of 
 Masonry was divided against itself. 
 
 Notwithstanding the disruption of the temporary union of 1808, 
 the good seed of future reconciliation had been left behind, and was 
 again, in less than nine years, to shoot forth into the goodly plant of 
 concord. In fact, that brief union may be snid, as I think I have 
 already shown, to have prepared the way fur the more permanent one, 
 whose history we arc now about to review. Ancient York Masonry, or 
 that Masonry which was derived from the Athol Grand Lodge of 
 England, had long been the must popular, and the predominating 
 Masonry of the State, as in fact it had bean of almost every State in 
 the Union. By the union in 1808, many of the York Lodges had 
 been incorporated into the legitimate Grand Lodge, and, as we have 
 already seen, the ritual of tin Ancients had been adopted by the new 
 Grand Lodge, to the utter neglect of that of the Free and Accepted or 
 Modern Masons. Notwithstanding that many Lodges of York Masons 
 
j gg HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 in 1809 had seceded under their banner bearer, St. John's Lodge 
 No. 31, all, except two, of the Lodges in the city, which then controlled 
 the ritual of the State, had adopted the York method of work and 
 remained faithful to the union. The u Modern " element in the new 
 "Grand Lodge of South Carolina" was now therefore extinct, and 
 the body was in fact, except in the use of the name, a York Grand 
 Lodge. No better evidence need be offered of this than the fact that 
 the most objectionable features in the York system of government, the 
 use of proxies in the place of representatives, and the admission of 
 Past Masters into the Grand Lodge, were, on the consummation of the 
 union, at once introduced into the constitution of the new Grand 
 Lodge, although neither of these pernicious principles had been pre- 
 viously recognized by the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted 
 Masons. 
 
 The fact is, then, that in 1816, when renewed efforts began to be 
 made for a restoration of harmony and the reestablishment of the 
 union, there was no Grand Lodge of the Moderns existing in the State. 
 There were, it is true, two Grand Lodges, but actually both of them 
 might be considered as emanations from the old York Masons, now 
 dead everywhere else, except in South Carolina. The legitimate 
 Grand Lodge (by which I mean, that Grand Lodge which had re- 
 mained true to the union of 1808,) had adopted the ritual, the usages 
 and the constitution of the Ancient York Masons ; it had iudeed, by 
 resolution, accepted the Ahiman llezon of Dr. Dalcho, compiled and 
 published in 1807 for the use of the York Grand Lodge, as its Book of 
 Constitutions; while the seceding Grand Lodge openly professed to be 
 composed of York Masons, and called itself by that distinctive appel- 
 lation. 
 
 It is manifest, then, that in 1816 the promoters of concord were 
 relieved from one labor, that of breaking down the asperities and 
 removing the prejudices which for three-fourths of a century had 
 existed between the two divisions of the Masonic family on the im- 
 portant and vexed question of the ritual. All Masons in South Caro- 
 lina now worked from the same trestle board, all were governed by the 
 same usages, and referred to the same Book of Constitutions. Dalcho 
 was the lawgiver in both bodies, and his opinion equally respected by 
 each. The only questiou now was one of expediency, and seeing that 
 the problem as to the time when Masonry should be united under one head 
 had already been solved in every other jurisdiction, the leading Masons 
 of both parties in South Carolina came to the happy conclusion that 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 121 
 
 the period hnd now arrived for the annihilation of all discord among 
 the .Masons of the State. 
 
 In 181 G there were, therefore, two Grand Lodges existiug in South 
 Carolina. The first was the "Grand Lodge of South Caroliua." I use 
 the incorporated name. This body had been formed in 1808 by the 
 union of the two Grand Lodges — that of the Free and Accepted 
 Masons, which dated its commencement in 1736 as a Provincial Grand 
 Lodge — and that of the Ancient York Masons, which had been organ- 
 ized in 1787 by the union of five Ancient Lodges. The second Grand 
 Lodge existing in 1816, was the "Grand Lodge of South Carolina 
 Ancient York Masons." I again make use of the style of its act of in- 
 corporation. This body had been formed in 1809 by the secession of 
 several Ancient York Lodges from the Graud Lodge, which had been 
 established by the union in 1808. 
 
 The great object was to unite these two contending bodies into one, 
 and, to that object, the true Masons of the State, belouging to either, 
 begau in IS 16 seriously to direct their attention. 
 
 In that year each of the two Grand Lodges appointed a committee, 
 and the two committees were charged "to meet together iu free and 
 brotherly conference on the subject of an anion so mutually. desirable." 
 Of this joint committee, which was composed of prominent members 
 of the Order, uainely: David Johnson and John Geddes, on the part 
 of the York Grand Lodge ; and of Simon Magwood, Timothy Ford 
 and John S. Cogdcll, on the part of the other body, several meetings 
 were held. Each member brought to the deliberations, as the contem- 
 porary record tells us, "a true Masonic spirit, and a reciprocal desire 
 to bring about an event so pleasing to the hearts of all good Masons." 
 This spirit was promoted aud preserved by the fact already stated, that 
 there was no possibility of a dissension upon the subject of work. As 
 this statement is of some importance, it is proper that I should cite the 
 contemporary authority on which it is made Thomas W. Bacot, who 
 was, at the union in 1817, elected the Grand Master of the United 
 Grand Lodge, and who was also a party to the abortive union in 1808, 
 on assuming the chair in 1817 made an address to the brethren. The 
 written records of that day became in 1838 a prey to the flames, but, 
 fortunately, immediately after the union, a committee was appointed to 
 prepare and publish an official history of these transactions. This 
 duty they performed, by issuing a pamphlet bearing the title of " The 
 Masonic Ftmily Re-united." Time has disposed of most of tl 
 of this work, which ifl now becoming exceedingly rare. One of th< in is. 
 
122 HISTORY OF FREEMASOXRY 
 
 however, now lying before me, and to it am I indebted for the state- 
 ment I am now about to make. 
 
 At the time of the union in 1817, Mr. Thomas W. Bacot was elected 
 the Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge. This gentleman had 
 also been a party to the previous but abortive union in 1808, and was 
 familiar with all the circumstances connected with it. No better 
 authority for any statement relating to that period could be needed. 
 Bacot had also paid much attention to the ritualistic part of Masonry, 
 and in his eagerness to acquire knowledge of its esoteric principles had 
 warmly cultivated the high degrees, not only of the York, but of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Rhc. He is to be looked upon, therjfore, as 
 one speaking understandingly. 
 
 In an inaugural address delivered by him before the United Grand 
 Lodge, when taking the chair, on the 27th of December, 1817, he 
 used this language. Speaking of the condition of the two parties in 
 1808, he says: 
 
 " The number of ' Free and x\eccpted ' being very few compared 
 with that of the 'Ancient York' Masons, the 'Grand Lodge of 
 South Carolina! [that is, the one formed by the union in 1808,] 
 adopted the mode of work, &c, entire, of the latter. A misunder- 
 standing, however, unhappily arose, and the Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 York Masons was revived. 
 
 " Thus, then, there again existed in this State two Grand Lodges, 
 differing from each other in no respect whatever, than in the words 
 'Ancient York' adopted by one, and omitted by the other, in their 
 respective tides."* 
 
 Other evidence to the same effect will be found in the reports of the 
 committees of conference to be hereafter cited, which reports declare 
 li that there exists no difference in the mode of entering, passing and 
 raising, instructing, obligating and clothing brothers in their respective 
 Grand Lodges.""}" 
 
 The subject of work, therefore, presented no difficulties to be recon- 
 ciled ly the two committees. There could be no contention where 
 both sides were of the same opinion. And when we consider the 
 tenacity with which Masons cleave to the ritual to which they have 
 been accustomed, and the obstinacy with which they oppose the 
 
 * I have already cited this paragraph, but the importance of the admission 
 ■will excuse a repetition of the quotation. — Masonic Family Re-united, page 33. 
 f Ibid, page 13. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 123 
 
 slightest change in it, we can readily appreciate the assistance which 
 the committees must have derived in coming to a common ground of 
 cdmpromi&e and union, from the absence of all differences in opinion 
 iu relation to "tlic work of the Order." 
 
 Rut the committee also received encouragement in their task of 
 securing a union from the great inequality that existed in the two 
 Grand Lodges. It was not so much a union of equal bodies, equal in 
 f-trenpth, equal in numbers, equal in influence, as it was the arrange- 
 ment of a triumphant rival to receive the advances towards a reconcili- 
 ation of a weaker opponent. The Grand Lodge of York Masons 
 numbered, at the time of the union, thirty-five Lodges; while the 
 Grand Lodge of S< uth Carolina had only fifteen. So that here again 
 the difficulty of a union was considerably lessened. 
 
 The deliberations of the joint committee terminated in a joint 
 report of articles of union, which, as they constituted the basis of all 
 the subsequent proceedings which terminated in the establishment of a 
 United Grand Lodge, are here cited in their full extent. These 
 articles were agreed upon on the 11th day of January, 1817, and are 
 in the following words : 
 
 Articles of Union between the Two Grand Lodges in South 
 
 Carolina. 
 
 "The Grand Lodges of Masons in South Carolina, being desirous of 
 terminating the disunion which unfortunately has subsisted letween 
 them, and of following the example so laudably exhibited in Europe 
 and America, of harmonizing the Ancieut and Honorable Craft of 
 Free Masons, and consolidating them into one Fraternity, that the 
 unity and strength thereof may be preserved, and the Ancient land- 
 marks perpetuated to the remotest ages, have mutually adopted the 
 plan, that, in their view, gives the faires f promise of attaining those 
 great and valuable ends. For this purpose, the Bight Worshipful In- 
 corporated Grand Lodge of South Carolina Ancient York Masons 
 have by an unanimous vote nominated and appointed the Honorable 
 David Johnson, Past Master; William Harper, Esq., Grand Secretary; 
 and the R. W. John Geddes, Deputy Grand Master, a committee for 
 and on behalf of the said Grand Lodge; and the Right Worshipful 
 Incorporated. Grand Lodge of South Carolina have by an unanimous 
 vote nominated and appointed the R. W. Simon Magwood, Past 
 Grand Master; 11. W. Timothy Ford, Past Junior Grand Warden; 
 aud the It. W. John S. Cogdell, Juuior Grand Warden, a committee 
 
^24: HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 for and on behalf of tlie said Grand Ledge, to meet together in free 
 and brotherly conference on the subject of an union so mutually 
 desirable. 
 
 " And the said Joint Committee having met, in Charleston, on the 
 10th day of January, 5817, aud 10th day of January, 1817, and con- 
 ferred together, in free and harmonious consultation, have come to an 
 agreement to report to their respective Grand Lodges, and to recom- 
 mend t:> their adoption, and to the acceptance of the masonic fraternity, 
 the following convention, as a basis and plan for a full and perfect uuion 
 of the Grand Lodges into one Grand Lodge, to be called ' The Grand 
 Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of South Carolina,' to be forever deemed, 
 held and taken as the true and only lawful Grand Lodge of Freemasons 
 in South Carolina; and to contain the true and supreme masonic au- 
 thority thereof. 
 
 "Art. 1. There shall be, from aud after the ratification of these 
 Articles, by the R. W. Grand Lodge of South Carolina Ancient York 
 Masons, and by the R. W. Grand Lodge of South Carolina, (and after 
 the ratification of both Grand Lodges, in the manner hereinafter men- 
 tioned,) a full, perfect, and perpetual union, of and between the said 
 Grand Lodges, and the Sub)rdinate Lodges under their jurisdiction, 
 and the fraternities of Freemasons of South Carolina — so as that in all 
 times hereafter, they shall form and constitute but one brotherhood ; 
 and that the said community shall be represented in and governed by 
 one Grand Lodge, to be styled ' The Grand Lodge of Ancient Free- 
 masons of South Carolina,' to be solemnly formed and held on the day 
 of the Festival of St. John the Evangelist, next ensuing such ratifica- 
 tions, and thenceforward forever. 
 
 " Art. 2. It is declared and pronounced, that pure ancient masonry 
 consists of three degrees and no more, viz : — those of the Entered Ap- 
 prentice, the Fellow Craft, and the Master Mason, including the su- 
 preme order of the Holy Royal Arch. But this article is not intended 
 to prevent any Lodge or Chapter from holding a meeting in any of the 
 degrees of the order of Chivalry, according to the constitutions of the 
 said orders. 
 
 " Art. 3. There shall be the most perfect unity of obligation, of dis- 
 cipline, of working the Lodges, of entering, passing and raising, in- 
 structing and clothing brothers; so that but oue pure, unsullied system, 
 according to the genuine landmarks, laws and traditions of the Craft, 
 shall be maintained, upheld and practiced, from the day of the date of 
 the said union, until time shall be no more. 
 
[\ SOUTH Carolina L25 
 
 "Art. 4. Although it is believed that no diversity doth exist be- 
 tween the said Grand Lodges, as to obligations or discipline, or working 
 the Lodges, or entering, passing and raising, instructing and clothing 
 brothers, yet to ascertain the same to mutual satisfaction, and thence- 
 forth, to preclude all doubt or controversy, it is agreed that one and 
 the same night shall be appointed for the meeting of the two Grand 
 Lodges in Charleston, when they shall assemble in separate Lodge, and 
 each appoint a committee to visit the other Grand Lodge the same 
 evening, for the purpose of examining into the mode of entering, pass- 
 ing and raising, instructing, obligating and clothing brothers, in the 
 respective Grand Lodges; and after the visiting committees have re» 
 turned to their respective Lodges, and reported the result of their 
 examinations, the two Lodges shall, by exchange of messages, appoint 
 a joint committee, who shall, on the spot, draw up and prepare a report 
 or statement of the interviews, and the results thereof, which, upon 
 being accepted and confirmed by each Lodge, (of which each shall 
 advise the other in writing,) shall be transmitted by each Grand Lodge 
 as soon thereafter as may be, to their respective Subordinate Lodges for 
 their information. And upon those proceedings being had, and the 
 report of the joint committee made, and mutually confirmed, each 
 Grand Lodge shall, in its own chamber, and during the same sitting, 
 proceed to put the question to agree to, and accept and cenfirm the 
 articles of union ; and if the same shall be agreed to by each Grand 
 Lodge, the testimonials thereof shall, by mutual message, be exchanged, 
 in writing, and the plan of union shall be declared to be fit, and ready 
 for the final consideration and adoption hereinafter meutioned and pro- 
 vided for. 
 
 " Art. 5. After such proceedings shall have taken place, as are pre- 
 scribed in the preceding article, the two Grand Lodges respectively 
 shall communicate to their Subordinate Lodges a statement of those 
 proceedings, and a copy of these articles, requiring the respective 
 Lodges to take the whole into their consideration, at a regular meeting, 
 ami thereupon to vote either their acceptance of this union or their 
 
 snl : and. al80, thai they do transmit their assent, if they do assent, 
 to abide by the final determination that shall be made by their respect- 
 ive Grand Lodges, touching the formation of the union hereby i 
 tcmplated. 
 
 ■• Art. <i. As soon u the two Grand Lodges shall havecommun 
 with their Subordinate Lodges, as meutioned in the last article, and 
 the Grand Masters shall both l.e ready to call a meeting lor una! ratili- 
 
12Q HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 cation, a day shall mutually be appointed for the two Grand Lodges 1o 
 meet; and, having assemble.!, in sop irate chambers, tliey shall ex- 
 change ratifications of these articles, and, having so done, the two 
 Grand Lodges shall immediately resolve themselves into a joint meeting 
 in the following manner: A joint committee shall be appointed to 
 determine, by lot, which of the Grand Masters shall preside, and that 
 being fixed, the remaining officers of the other Grand Lodge shall keep 
 their respective stations in the joint meeting, which joint' meeting 
 shall be immediately formed, and the whole being duly in order, the 
 ratifications of the two Grand Lodges shall be read by the presiding 
 Grand Master, who shall solemnly pronounce the union to be completed. 
 
 "The joint meeting shall then proceed to ballot, as one Grand 
 Lodge, for Grand Officers of the new Grain/ Lodye of Ancient Free- 
 masons of South- Carolina : and, having counted the votes, and de- 
 clared the election, the same shall be duly certified under the hands and 
 seals of the two Grand Masters, and of the other Grand Officers 
 present, to be transmitted to the Grand Master elect: and the two 
 Grand Lodges now existing, shall then be dissolved and forever ex- 
 tinct, which shall be declared in open Grand Lodge by the Grand 
 Masters. 
 
 "Art. 7. The new Grand Lodge by the name and style aforesaid, 
 shall apply to the legislature for an act of incorporation, in the usual 
 manner, tendering, at the same time, a surrender of the charters of 
 both the Grand Lodges. These articles, and the proceedings touching 
 them, together with the ratifications and all the documents touching 
 this union, shall be deposited, and for ever rem lit) in the archives of 
 the new Grand Lodge: and all property, jewels and funds belonging to 
 the present Grand Lodges, shall vest' in the new Grand Lodge. 
 
 " Mutually agreed to and signed by the Joint Committee, the 11th 
 day of January, 1817. 
 
 David Jonxsox, 
 John Geddes, 
 Committee on the part of the Grand Lodye of S. C. A. Y. M. 
 
 Simox Magwood, 
 Timothy Ford, 
 John S. Cogdell, 
 Committee on the part of the Grand Lodye of 8. C." 
 
 This report was presented to each of the Grand Lodges and adopted. 
 As the 4th article of the contemplated union provided for the calling 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 127 
 
 of special communications of both Grand Lodges, at which each might 
 examine the mode of work of the other, these communications were 
 called on the evening of the 30th of May, 1817. 
 
 The communication of the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons 
 was held at Pierce's Tavern. Charles J. Colcock, the Grand Master, 
 presided, and nine Lodges were represented. 
 
 As soon as the Grand Lodge was opened, a committee was announced 
 from the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, who, on being introduced, 
 informed the body that the Grand Lodge of South Carolina was then 
 in session, at Galloway's Tavern, for the purpose of acting simulta- 
 neously with' the Grand Lodge of York Masons under the -1th article 
 of the Convention. 
 
 Similar proceedings took place in the Grand Lodge of S( uth Caro- 
 lina, which met on the same evening at Galloway's Tavern. Thomas W. 
 Bacot presided, and fifteen Lodges were represented. 
 
 Loth Grand Lodges then appointed Committees of Inspection, the 
 committee of each body being directed to visit the other Grand Lodge 
 and examine its work. There is a full resord in the minutes of both 
 bodies of the visit made by the committee of the York Masons to the 
 Grand Lodge of South Carolina, where thoy were received with due 
 honor, and the mode of entering, passing and raising, and of instruct- 
 ing, obligating and working in the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, 
 was explained and rehearsed before the committee, who, after express- 
 ing their "full and entire satisfaction," returned to their Grand Lodge. 
 But, although a corresponding committee was appointed by the Grand 
 Lodge of South Carolina to visit and inspect the work of the York 
 Grand Lodge, and although the records of the former state that their 
 committee returned and made a "verbal report of uniformity in the 
 work, &c," I can find no notice whatever in the record of the Grand 
 Lodge of York Masons of the introduction and reception of such com- 
 mittee from the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, nor of any inspection 
 by it of the work of the York Grand Lodge. Unless this was the 
 result of inexcusable negligence on the part of the York Grand Secre- 
 tary in omitting to record so important a transaction, we are bound to 
 suppose that the committee of the Grand Lodge of South Caroliua did 
 not inspect the work of their York brethren in open Grand Lodge. The 
 nature of the records throws much doubt on this subject, although it 
 must be confessed that the subsequent report of the Joint Committees 
 of Inspection would authorize us to suppose that there was a mutual 
 inspection in each Grand Lodge. 
 
[28 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Be this as it inny, the next step adopted by both bodies was to direct 
 the Visiting Committees to meet in conference, and to report the result 
 of their deliberations. The two committees accordingly conferred 
 together, after which thev preseuted to their respective Grand Lodges 
 the following report, which, in each, was immediately considered and 
 unanimously adopted: 
 
 " The Joint Committee, appointed by the Right Worshipful Grand 
 Lodge of South Carolina Ancient York Masons, and by the Eight 
 Worshipful Grand Lodge of South Carolina, under the 4th Article of 
 the Union between the Grand Lodges, 
 
 " Report, That from the reciprocal examinations by the several Com- 
 mittees already had in Grand Lodge, it doth appear that there exists no 
 difference in the mode of entering, passing and raising, instructing, 
 obligating and clothing Brothers, in the respective Grand Lodges. All 
 which is submitted to the Grand Lodges by the Joint Committee. 
 
 F. S. Curtis, "") Committee of the 
 
 Jacob Lankester, Grand Lodge of 
 
 Urban Cooper, )■ South Carolina 
 
 Joseph Wiialey, Ancient York 31a- 
 
 Edward Bailey, J sons. 
 
 Timothy Ford, ~] 
 
 John S. Cogdell, Committee of the 
 
 William Waller, } Grand Lodge of 
 William H. Wilson, | South Carolina. 
 Samuel Seyle, J 
 
 "May 30, 5817." 
 
 The question was then put in each Grand Lodge to agree to, accept 
 and confirm the articles of union, and they were unanimously accepted 
 and confirmed in both bodies, and mutual notice of the same was 
 officially given. The Grand Lodge of South Carolina then invited the 
 Grand Lodge of York Masons to join them before they had closed, and 
 partake of their refreshments, which invitation w.as accepted. The 
 York Grand Lodge being then closed, the Grand Master, accompanied 
 by the officers and members, proceeded to join the Grand Lodge of 
 South Carolina in 'heir Lodge room, where they were received in due 
 Masouic form and conducted to the East, where they were met at the 
 foot of the throne by the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina, and after taking their seats on his right were saluted with the 
 highest Masonic honors. Brother Cooper, the Grand Chaplain of the 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 129 
 
 Grand Lodge of York Masons, at the request of the Grand Master of 
 the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, offered up an impressive prayer. 
 The Grand Lodge being then closed, the members of the two bodies 
 united together in brotherly love around the banquet table. 
 
 The 5th of the articles of union had provided, that, after their ac- 
 ceptance and confirmation by the two Grand Lodges, a statement of 
 their transactions should be communicated to their respective Subordi- 
 nates, with a request that each should express by vote its acceptance or 
 rejection of the union, and, if accepted, to transmit its acceptance and 
 its assent to abide by the filial determination which should be made by 
 the Grand Lodges. 
 
 This duty was performed, and the two Grand Lodges having commu- 
 nicated with their respective Subordinates, and the Grand Masters 
 being ready in consequence to call a meeting for final ratification, they 
 appointed (he 26th of December, 1817, for that purpose. 
 
 On that day both Grand Lodges assembled in their respective cham- 
 bers, John Geddes being Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 York Masons, and Thomas W. Lacot of the Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina. 
 
 Messages were sent by each Grand Lodge to the other, announcing 
 that both bodies were open and ready to proceed in the articles of 
 union, and mutually proposing the appointment of a joint committee 
 to inspect the ratification of the articles of union by the several Subor- 
 dinate Lodges uuder each, and to ascertain the number under each 
 jurisdiction. 
 
 The joint committee thus appointed reported, that under the juris- 
 diction of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina Ancient York Masons, there 
 were thirty-five Lodges, viz: Nos. 12, 15, IS, 19, 21, 24, 26, 28, 31, 
 31, 37, 41, 42, 46, 48, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 62, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 
 69, 70, 72, 73, 75, 77, 78, 79; of which, twenty-two had ratified the arti- 
 cles »f union, viz: Nos. 12, 18, 19, 21, 24, 26, 28, 31, 34, 48, 52, 
 E8, 58, 62, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 75, 78 and 79; also, that under the 
 jurisdiction of South Carolina there were fifteen Lodges, viz: Nos. 1, 
 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 36, 46, 55, 56 and 57; of which, fourteen 
 Lodges had ratified the articles, being all except No. 56. 
 
 Nutios of the ratification having been mutually fjfiven, a joint com- 
 mittee was appointed by both to meet and determine by lot which of 
 the Grand Makers should preside at the joint meeting of the two 
 Grand Lodges, which, in accordance with the articles of uuiou, was to 
 be convened as soon as these should be ratified. 
 9 
 
L3() HISTORY OE .FREEMASONRY 
 
 The committee of each Grand Lodge then retired, and having met 
 with the other, the names of the two Grand Masters were written on 
 distinct pieces of paper by a member of one of the committees; the 
 two were then put into a covered hat and one of the ballots drawn out 
 by a member. The name written on this ballot being that of Thomas 
 W. Bacot, the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, 
 the committees reported that that brother had been selected to preside 
 over the joint meeting of the two Grand Lodges. Under the provi- 
 sions of the sixth article of union, the remaining chairs were to be 
 filled by the officers of the Grand Lodge of York Masons. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Ancieut York Masons was then closed, and the 
 officers and members proceeded to Galloway's Tavern, where the 
 Grand Lodge of South Carolina was then in session, and, on their 
 arrival there, they were announced and received with due Masonic 
 honors. 
 
 The two Grand Lodges having thus assembled in joint communica- 
 tion, the offices were temporarily filled as follows: 
 
 Thomas W. Bacot, Grand Master; 
 Eliab Kingman, Senior Grand Warden; 
 Jacob Lankester, Junior Grand Warden ; 
 Charles Holmes, Grand Treasurer; 
 Joseph Galluchat, Grand Secretary; 
 Moses Tennant, Senior Grand Deacon ; 
 C. C. Chitty, Junior Grand Deacon; 
 David Bechon, Grand Tiler. 
 
 When the joint meeting had thus been formed and the whole was 
 in order, the Presiding Grand Master made, in a loud voice, the follow- 
 ing declaration : 
 
 "I do now solemnly declare and pronounce, in the name of the Grand 
 Architect of the Universe, and this Most Worshipful Grand Lodge 
 assembled in joint meeting, in virtue of the 6th article of the Conven- 
 tion, just ratified by the two late Grand Lodges, that the union of the 
 said Grand Lodges, to wit: 'The Grand Lodge of South Caroliua 
 Ancient York Masons/ and 'The Grand Lodge of South Carolina,' is 
 complete, and that the new ' Grand Lodge of Anc'ent Freemasons of 
 /South Carolina' is now ready to proceed to ballot for its officers." 
 
 Immediately after this annunciation had been made, the Grand 
 Lodge, thus united, proceeded to the election of officers, with the fol- 
 lowing result: 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. iyj 
 
 Thomas W. Bacot, Most Worshipful Grand Master; 
 
 Hon. David Johnson, R. W Deputy Grand Mister; 
 
 John S Cogdell, V. W. Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 ELIAB KlNGMAN, V. W. Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Rev. Frederick Dalcho, M.D., Most Rev. Grand Chaplain : 
 
 John Langton, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 JOHN H. MITCHELL, Grand Secretary; 
 
 Isaac M. Wilson, M.D., Corresponding Grand Secretary} 
 
 James Sweeney, Grand Marshal; 
 
 William Waller, Grand Pursuivant; 
 
 Robert Shand, Grand liler. 
 
 Charles S. Tucker and Richard Pearce were subsequently appointed 
 Senior Grand Deacons, and Baxter 0. Mynott and Benjamin Phillips, 
 Junior Grand Deacons. 
 
 The whjle of the interesting ceremonies of the evening having been 
 thus happily concluded, the new Grand Lodge, under the designation, 
 which it has ever since retained, of the Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 Freemasons of South Carolina, was, after an appropriate prayer by the 
 Grand Chaplain, closed in ample form. 
 
 The next day was the Festival of St. Johu the Evangelist, and the 
 day must have been celebrated by the Craft with peculiar emotions of 
 pleasure, fur it was the first time since 1787 that a single altar had been 
 built iu the State for the common oblation of an undivided Craft. 
 
 The Grand Lodge, with the representatives of twenty-six Subordi- 
 nates, assembled iu the Grand Lodge room at Galloway's Tavern, and 
 after the installation of the Grand Master elect by Jarvis II. Stevens, 
 Past Deputy Grand Master of the old Grand Lodge of South Carolina, 
 the newly elected Grand Master theu installed the other officers. 
 
 A procession was then formed, which moved to St. Michael's 
 Church, where Divine Service was performed, and a discourse delivered 
 by Dr. Frederick Dalcho, the Grand Chapliiu. A copy of this dis- 
 course is now before me. Though well written, and founded on the 
 appiopriate Masonic text, "while ye have light, believe in the light, 
 that ye may be the children of light," (John xii : 36,) I find no 
 allusion whatever iu it to the lately cemented union. But after the 
 return of the Fraternity to the Lodge room, they were addressed by 
 the Grand Master on the subject, and as the address called forth by 
 these unusual events constitutes a part of the history of the times, I 
 do not hesitate to preserve it by a publication of it in full : 
 
132 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 "My Dear Brethren and Friends : 
 
 "It is with more than ordinary emotions of pleasure I address you 
 on this interesting and happy occasion, and I am sure you all partake 
 ■with me in those delighful feelings which our reunion is so eminently 
 calculated to inspire. 
 
 "The unhappy difference which existed in our Masonic Family, in 
 this State, for the last nine years, has at length been adjusted; and I 
 trust upon principles which will, under God, ensure a permanent good 
 understanding and perfect harmony among the Brotherhood. 
 
 "I will not advert to the causes of our late misunderstanding; I 
 trust and believe they will soon be effaced from our minds, and buried 
 in eternal oblivion; and that henceforth we shall dwell together in 
 unity of heart and affection, as we have always done in unity of prin- 
 ciple and work. 
 
 "If our holy religion, the best and only real solace to men upon 
 earth, be liable to misapprehension, perversion and abuse, and its pro- 
 fessors divided into so many different denominations, we need not be 
 surprised that misunderstandings should sometimes have arisen, and 
 discord sometimes prevailed among Brethren of so extensive an house- 
 hold as ours, composed of every description of persons as to habits, 
 manners, religion, education, intellect, &c. Ought we not rather to 
 feel an honest pride in reflecting, that, during a period little short of 
 6,000 year«, our noble Order has, amidst the numerous revolutions and 
 changes that have taken place throughout the world, maintained its 
 principles in their original purity, and that it still flourishes, all over 
 the habitable globe, with unfading beauty — with undiminished lustre? 
 
 "Can it, too, be matter of surprise that in an Institution, whose 
 mystic forms and ceremonies, as well as solemn obligations, have never 
 been committed to writing, but handed down, by tradition, from one 
 generation to another; is it to be wondered at that, in an Institution so 
 framed, innovations should sometimes have been made, and misconcep- 
 tions arisen, from the fallibility of the human mind, the imperfection of 
 memory, and the conflicting opinions of mankind? 
 
 "Yet, we find, notwithstanding, Freemasons have been divided into 
 only two classes or sects, kept asunder (when they have been separated) 
 by a slight difference of ceremonies, but both preserving the original 
 landmarks; and in the present enlightened state of mankind, these 
 two sections of the great Masonic Family everywhere seem disposed to 
 reconcile their differences, and to restore to the Craft that uniformity, 
 harmony and friendship, so essential to their welfare, and which con- 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 133 
 
 stitutc the support of nil Societies, but in a more especial manner form 
 the cement of the Mystic Fabric. 
 
 "In our ordinary intercourse with each other, we view the same 
 things through a different medium, and conduct ourselves accordingly; 
 docs it not thence follow, that we may sometimes act in direct oppo- 
 sition to each other, and yet be governed by motives equally pure? 
 And when dissensions unfortunately arise, what so likely to heal them — 
 what so likely to bring us together again, as friends, as that spirit of 
 benevolence which Freemasonry inculcates — that spirit of brotherly love, 
 which teaches us forbearance towards each other — which makes it our 
 duty to correct a Brother's errors with kindness, aud to view even his 
 faults with feelings of pity rather than anger? 
 
 "Freemasonry, my brethren, is an unit in every nation and every 
 clime. Founded upon the principles of science and universal charity, 
 those principles should be disseminated, and their practice extended 
 over every part of the globe; and to be rendered useful as well as 
 general, the system should be one and the same everywhere; unchange- 
 able iu its forms, yet so simple and concise in its practice, that all may 
 comprehend its tenets, and partake of its advantages. 
 
 "There should, then, exist no difference among us; and I feel 
 assured that no true Mason, no reflecting man, can harbor a sentiment, 
 hostile to our uniou. The great desire expressed by the several 
 Lodges, under the respective jurisdictions of the two late Grand 
 Lodges, to effect the uuion, evinces the sincerity of both parties; and 
 the spirit of conciliation which characterized all their proceedings in 
 accomplishing that happy event, gives the strongest ground to hope 
 and believe, that it is now established 'upon a basis never to be 
 shaken.' 
 
 "In the United Kingdom of England, Ireland and Scotland, whence 
 our Masonic bodies in this country derive their origin, an union between 
 the 'Free and Accepted,' aid 'Ancient York' Masons, took place 
 several years since. On the Continent of Europe, generally, those dis- 
 tinctions, if known, are not observed. In France, if I am correctly 
 informed, there are two Grand Lodges, having Subordinate Lodges 
 under each jurisdiction, but between whom the utmost harmony and 
 good understanding prevail, recognizing and exchanging civilities with 
 each other; so that the distinction, in that country, is merely nominal. 
 
 "Shall it then be said, that, in those regions where despotic govern- 
 ments exist, there is more toleration, more liberality } among Free- 
 masons, than iu this, our beloved couutry; where we find the freest 
 
^34 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 (if not the only free) Government upon earth? Forbid it, Spirits of 
 our Fathers ! Forbid it, Philanthropy ! Forbid it, Patriotism ! ! 
 
 "Let us then, my respected brethren, hail with joy and gladness this 
 most auspicious day, when the light of reason having shed upon us its 
 effulgent beams and dispelled the mist of prejudice, we are once more 
 assembled as a band of Brothers! And permit me to congratulate you, 
 as well as the Fraternity throughout the State, on the glorious event 
 which is the principal cause of our present joy — the consummation of 
 our happy reunion — forming a new era in Masonry in South Carolina. 
 
 "To portray to so enlightened a body of Freemasons as this the 
 excellencies of our Institution, were it even in my power to do justice 
 to the subject, would be, at least, superfluous. But it is rendered still 
 less necessary, from the luminous and eloquent discourse which you 
 have just heard in the Temple of the Most High God. delivered by 
 our Most Reverend Grand Chaplain, Brother Frederick Dalcho; 
 wherein, not only the duties of a Freemason were clearly pointed out 
 and the intrinsic merits of our Order displayed, but the beauties of our 
 Ancient and honorable Institution were presented to your view in such 
 glowing colors, that each Brother must, I am sure, have felt anew the 
 weight of those solemn obligations he had voluntarily imposed upon 
 himself, and rejoiced that he had been brought to see the light; for it 
 is said in the Holy Scriptures, 'while ye have light, believe in the 
 light, that ye may be the children of light.' 
 
 "Let us then, my brethren, maintain the union of the. Craft, as of 
 vital importance — cleave to it as the Ark of our preservation, and 
 esteem it as the Covenant of our prosperity! Let us ever cherish the 
 principles of Piety, Charity, and Hrotherly Lore, alike the objects and 
 the foundation of our Order! Let us not merely profess, but act; 
 uniformly practising those moral and social duties and virtues which 
 we are taught within our Lodges! 
 
 "In short, let us take for our unerring guides the Three Great 
 Lights of Masonry, which severally 'point out the path that leads to 
 happiness — direct us how to regulate our conduct — and tejich us to 
 limit our desires in every station of life;' whilst we may be admonished 
 by the Plumb, that it is our duty to ' walk uprightly before God and 
 man,' remembering that we are journeying on 'the Level of time to 
 that undiscovered country, from whose bourne no traveller returns!' 
 
 "Finally, my brethren, let there be among us no other contention, 
 than that of striving who shall excel iu acts of munificence and kind- 
 ncss towards one another. ■ 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 135 
 
 "Thus doing and acting, we shall fulfil the duties required of us as 
 'Free and Accepted .Masons,' and the hotter fit ourselves for a seat in 
 that Grand Lodue above, where the Grand Architect of the Universe 
 Himself pre: ides, and will so coutinue to do through the endless ages 
 of Eternity." 
 
 The thanks of the Grand Lodge were then returned to Thomas W. 
 Bacot, Grand Master, and the Hon. Charles J. Colcock and Hon. John 
 Geddes, Past Grand Masters, "for their united and individual exertions 
 in effecting the reunion of the Craft in this State;" and to Simou 
 Magwood, Past Grand Master; Hon. David Johnson, Deputy Grand 
 Master; Jarvis II. Stevens, Past Deputy Grand Master; John S. Cog- 
 dell and Eliab Kingman, Grand Wardens; and to Timothy Ford and 
 Charles Kershaw, Past Grand Wardens, " for their zealous cooperation 
 and uni orui assistance in effecting the same laudable work." 
 
 It was also ordered, that an account of the proceedings of the union 
 should be published. This order was executed; and a pamphlet, pub- 
 lished under the title of "The Masonic Family Reuuited," of which 
 unfortunately very few copies are remaining, was the result. To the 
 one in my own possession 1 am indebted for the material facts which I 
 have here recorded. 
 
 The "Grand Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of South Carolina" was 
 then closed in ample form. 
 
136 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CIIAPTEK XI. 
 
 THE YEAE 1818. 
 
 The following were the officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 
 1818: 
 
 THOMAS W. BACOT, Most Worshipful Grand Master ; 
 
 Hon. David Johnson, R. W. Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 JOHN S. CoGDELL, V. W. Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 ELIAB KlNGMAN, V. W. Junior Grand Warden ; 
 
 Rev. Frederick Dalcho, M.D., Most Rev. Grand Chaplain ; 
 
 John Langton, Grand Treasurer ; 
 
 John H. Mitchell, Grand Secretary ; 
 
 Isaac M. Wilson, M.D., Corresponding Grand Secretary; 
 
 Charles S. Tucker, ) a . ~ , ,, 
 
 _ _, ■ > oemor Grand Deacons ; 
 
 Richard Pearce, ) 
 
 Baxter 0. Mynott, ) 7 . „ 7 ^ 
 
 _. _ > Junior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 Benjamin Phillips, j 
 
 James Sweeney, Grand Marshal-, 
 
 William Waller, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 Robert Shand, Grand Tiler. 
 
 The Masonic proceedings of the year 1818 commence with a meet- 
 ing of the Grand and Past Grand officers at the house of the Grand 
 Master, on the evening of January 10th, when a committee was 
 appointed, in pursuance of the order mentioned in the last chapter, to 
 revise the minutes of the several proceedings of the two late Grand 
 Lodges, and arrange them for publication. The committee was also 
 directed to prepare an address to the fraternity on the subject of the 
 union, to be prefixed thereto, and to publish the whole, together with 
 the address of the Grand Chaplain on St. John's Day. This duty was 
 faithfully performed by the committee. 
 
 A special communication was holden on the 18th of February, 1818, 
 when the Corresponding Grand Secretary was ordered to communicate 
 with certain Ancient York Lodges which had not yet signified their 
 assent to the union, and to inform them that if they did not reply be- 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 13 7 
 
 for? the Quarterly Communication in September, they would be ex- 
 punged from the list of Lodges. 
 
 A committee was appointed to frame a " code of By-Laws" for the 
 Grand Lodge, to devise a form of Grand Lodge certificates, and to pro- 
 cure a seal. This committee consisted of Fred. Palcho, Grand Chap- 
 lain, John Geddes, Past Grand Master, and John S. Cogdell, Senior 
 Grand Warden. 
 
 At this communication Dr. Palcho's "Ahiman Rezon" was adopted 
 for the government of the Grand and Subordinate Lodges in the juris- 
 diction, until a new code of By-laws should be agreed to. 
 
 This action of the Grand Lodge is a strong evidence of the predomi- 
 nant influence exerted at that time by the " Ancients " over the 
 " Moderns, '' in the Masonry of the State. The work thus adopted by 
 the Grand Lodge for i:s government was the Ahiman Rezon published 
 in 1807 for the use of the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons, and 
 of course it contained and supported many principles of Masonic usage 
 and jurisprudence, which were in direcjt conflict with the constitutions 
 aud regulations of the year 1723, as found in Anderson's " Book of 
 Constitutions," the text book and authoritative exposition of Masonic 
 law for the regular Grand Lodge of England, and all the bodies that 
 were descended from her. Now that the existence of the Athol Grand 
 Lodge is almost forgotten, and the influence of Laurence Dermott for- 
 ever gone, there is surely not a Grar.d Lodge in the world which would 
 thus unhesitatingly indorse the edition of 1807, of Dalcho's Ahiman 
 Rezon. 
 
 It was also ordered, at this communication, that the numbers of the 
 Lodges on the registry of the Grand Lodge should be arranged, that 
 the old warrants should be surrendered, aud that new oues should be 
 issued, free of expense. 
 
 At the Quarterly Commuircation on the 27th of March, a warrant 
 was granted for the establishment of a Lodge at the city of Havana, in 
 the Tsland of Cuba, to be known as " La Coustancia Lodge No. 50." 
 This was not the first rime that an American Grand Lodge had extended 
 its jurisdiction beyond the limits of the United States.* The act was 
 a legitimate one, as there was no Grand Lodge in the Kingdom of 
 
 * Some years before, the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons had consti- 
 tuted a LoJg,' at St. Augustine, in Florida, then under the dominion of the crown 
 of Spain. 
 
138 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Spnin which could cserci. c e Masonic jurisdiction over the Island of 
 Cuba, and there was, therefore, in this act of the Grand Lodge of 
 South Carolina, no unwarrantable intrusion on a foreign jurisdiction. 
 
 A warrmt was also granted fjr Mount Hope Lodge No. 90, for 
 which application had been previously made tc the Grand Lodge of 
 Ancient York* Masons. This Lodge was situated at Pocotaligo, in Col- 
 letuu District, and has long since become extinct. It was also ordered 
 at this communication that a petition be presented to the Legislature 
 for a new act of incorporation. 
 
 At the Quarterly Communication on the 2Gth of June, the new seal 
 which had been ordered to be prepared was presented. As this seal 
 has ever since been us d, without the slightest alteration by the Grand 
 Lodge of Sou h Carolina, a description of it may not be uninteresting. 
 
 The device of the seal consists of a Bible, Square and Compass, be- 
 tween an all seeing Kye in chief, and two right hnnds clasped in base, 
 with the motto " Wisdom, Strength and Beauty." The exergue is, 
 " Graud Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of South Carolina." 
 
 At the Quarterly Communication on the 25th of September, the 
 Co resp nding Grand Secretary reported that of all the Lodges in both 
 the old jurisdictions which had been heard from on the subject of the 
 union, only one had dissen'ed thereto. But it is to be remembered 
 that several had made no replies. Although a vast majority of the 
 Masons in the State had concurred in the expediency and propriety of 
 the union of the two Grand Lodges, conscientious motives still deterred 
 a few from rendering in their adhesion to the new order of things. 
 
 It was determined, at this communication, that the approaching St. 
 John's day should be celebrated by a procession and feast, and Bro. 
 Balcho, the Grand Chaplain, was requested to deliver a discourse on 
 the occasion, to which he assented. 
 
 The annual election of officers of the Grand Lodge took place on the 
 23d of December, when Thomas W. Bacot was reelected Grand Master. 
 
 During the month of December, 1818, the Legislature of South 
 Carolina had been in session, and the two former Grand Lodges, having 
 surrendered their old acts of incorporation, were reincorporated under 
 the name of " The Grand Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of South 
 Caroliua." As this act of incorporation is perpetual in its grant, and 
 is the one from which the Grand Lodge now derives all its legal 
 character, a copy of it will not be out of place in the history of the 
 Order in this State. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 139 
 
 An Act to Incorporate the Grand Lotlye of Ancient Freemasons of 
 
 South- Carolina, and for other purposes (herein mentioned. 
 
 Whereas Thomas Wright Bacot, Grand Master, the Hon. David 
 Johnson, Deputy Grand Master, John S. Cogdell, Senior, and Eliab 
 K'v gman, Junior Grand Wardens, Rev. F. Dalcho, Grand Chaplain, 
 and others, the officers and members of the Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 Freemasons of South-Carolina, have, by their memorial to this legisla- 
 ture, set forth, that the different denominations of Masons heretofore 
 subsisting in this State have, by common consent, duly taken and testi- 
 fied in masonic form, united into one fraternity, under the jurisdiction 
 and government of the said Grand Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of 
 South-Carolina, duly constituted since the said union : That the articles 
 of their said union require that the charters of incorporation heretofore 
 held by the two Grand Lodges of Masons in this State, should be sur- 
 rendered they being dissolved, and in lieu thereof a new act of incor- 
 poration obtained for the Grat.d Lodge above mentioned, which is 
 declared to contain thenceforth the true and supreme masonic authori y 
 in this State; and have proffered to surrender all charters of incorpo- 
 ration heretofore subsisting in this State, whereby Grand Lodges by 
 different names have been incorporated, and prayed the legislature to 
 grant a new act of incorporation to the said Grand Lodge of Ancie..t 
 Freemasons of South-Carolina : 
 
 Be if therefore enacted hjj the Serate and House of Representatives, 
 note met and sitting in General Axtembfy, and hy the authority of the 
 same, That the surrender of past charters of incorporations for Grand 
 Lodges aforesaid be, and the same is hereby, accepted, and that all acts 
 of the legislature heretofore passed for the incorporating of Grand 
 Lodges of Masons in this State, by whatsoever name called or made 
 known, be, and the same are hereby, repealed. 
 
 And t>e it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the said 
 Thomas Wright Bacot, Grand Master, David Johnson, Deputy Grand 
 Master, John S. Cogdell and Kliab Kingman*, Senior and Junior Grand 
 Wardens', Rev. Frederick Dalcho, Grand Chaplain, and others, officers 
 and members of the said Grand Lodge, and their successors, and all 
 others who, agreeably to masonic rules and usages, shall become officers 
 and members thereof, shall be, and they are hereby declared to be, a 
 body corporate, in deed and in law, by the name of "The Grand 
 Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of South-Carolina;" the said society to 
 
140 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 consist of a Grand Master, a Deputy Grand Master, and such officers, 
 ■with such style or title of office as the said Grand Lodge may, by 
 virtue of Masonic usage, or by any resolutions or by-laws, direct or 
 appoint, accept or install, together with the Masters and Wardens of 
 the subordinate lodges subsisting under the warrant or jurisdiction of 
 the before-mentioned Grand Lodge, and such Past Masters, or past 
 officers of Grand Lodges heretofore subsisting, as the said Grand 
 Lodge hereby incorporated may admit to sit therein, composing 
 altogether the Grand Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of South-Carolina; 
 aud by the said name shall have perpetual succession of officers and 
 members, and a common seal, with power to change, alter, break, and 
 make new the same; with full power to the said Grand Lodge to make 
 such rules and by-laws, not repugnant to the laws of the land, for the 
 benefit and advantage of the said Grand Lodge, and for the order, 
 rule, good government and management of the same, and of the 
 subordinate lodges in this State, and for the promotion of the pros- 
 perity, order, interest and advantage of the craft in general, as to the 
 said Grand Lodge shall appear meet aud proper: And the said Grand 
 Lodge shall be able and capable, in law, to purchase or acquire, have, 
 hold and enjoy, to itself and its successors in perpetuity, any charitable 
 donations, masonic contributions, assessments, or dues, aud any estate 
 or estates, real or personal, or terms, for life or years, or other property 
 of what nature or kind soever, not exceeding the annual income of 
 twenty thousand dollars; and to sell, alien, exchange, demise, or 
 convey the same, as it shall by them be thought proper: and by the 
 name aforesaid, to sue and be sued, implead or be impleaded; answer 
 and be answered unto, in any court of law or equity, or other judicial 
 tribunal of this State. 
 
 A ad be it farther enacted by the authority aforesaid, That it shall 
 aud may b° lawful, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, for 
 the Grand Master, Deputy Grand Master, and officers and members of 
 the said Grand Lodge for the time being, and proxies by the said 
 Grand Lodge duly admitted, and the successors of the said Grand 
 Masters, and other Grand Officers, to assemble and meet together in 
 masonic form, at such stated times and places of forming, as in aud by 
 the constitution of the said society, or their by-laws, are or may be 
 declared and appointed, as well as at such extra meetings as the Grand 
 Master, or Deputy Grand Master, by virtue of their constitutions aud 
 by-laws, may call : aud then and there to transact all the business 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA, 141 
 
 touching the masonic fraternity, -which, hy masonic rules, and the 
 constitution and order of the said Grand Lodge, doth or may appertain 
 to the same. 
 
 And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That it shall 
 and may be lawful for the said Grand Master, or his Deputy, in full 
 Grand Lodge, and with their concurrence, under the seal of the said 
 Grand Lodge, to issue Warrants for the constituting of subordinate 
 lodges within this State; which Warrant, until the same be revoked, 
 auuulled, or surrendered, shall be a legal and regular authority for the 
 forming and constituting of any subordinate lodge, with its proper 
 officers aud members, and for their masonic meetings and communion 
 with the fraternity in this State: And all subordinate lodges under the 
 jurisdiction of the said Grand Lodge, shall have the power to make 
 and establish such rules, orders and regulations for their government, 
 subordinate to, or uot inconsistent with, the masonic constitution and 
 rules aud orders of the Grand Lodge, and of the laws of tlie land, as 
 shall appear to such subordinate lodges to be good and expedient : And 
 each subordinate lodge, to be constituted by the said Grand Lodge, 
 shall and may, while its Warrant subsists, by the name in which it is 
 constituted, have and hold any funds or property not exceeding the 
 annual income of two thousand dollars, and sue and be sued in any 
 court of law or equity, and recover any legal dues, debts, or demands; 
 and be made answerable to others in like manner; but nothing herein 
 contained, and no charters of incorporation heretofore passed to any 
 subordinate lodge of Masons, shall be intended to operate otherwise 
 than in accordance with that subordination to the Grand Lodge, which 
 the constitutions and masonic rules demand or require. 
 
 And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid. Thai this act 
 sh.ill be taken and deemed a public act, and notice shall be taken 
 thereof in all courts of judicature of this State, and ma}' be given in 
 evidence on the trial of any cause, without specially pleading the same. 
 
 In the Senate House, the sixteenth day of December, in the year of 
 our Lord one thousand eirjht hundred and eighteen, and in the 
 forty-third year of (he Independence of (he United States of 
 America. 
 
 JAMES R. PllINGLE, 
 
 President of the Senate. 
 
 ROBERT Y. I1AYXE, 
 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 
142 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated by the pro- 
 cession of a large number of the brethren to St. Michael's Church, 
 where Divine Service was performed, and an appropriate discourse 
 delivered by the Hev. Bro. Frederick Dalcho, Grand Chaplain, and 
 suitable authems performed b}' Bro. Eckhard, on the organ, assisted by 
 the gentlemen composing the Union Ilarmouic Society. In the even- 
 ing there was the usual banquet. 
 
IK SOUTH CAROLINA. 14^ 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 THE YEAR 1819. 
 
 The following were the officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 
 1819. 
 
 Thomas W. Bacot, Grand Master; 
 John S. Cogdell, Deputy Grand Matter; 
 Charles Kershaw, Senior Grand Warden; 
 Isaac M. Wilson, Junior Grand Warden ; 
 Frederick Dalcho, M.D., Grand Chapain; 
 ClIARLES S. TUCKER, Grand Treasurer; 
 John 11. Mitchell, Recording Grand Secretary; 
 II . II. Bacot, Corresponding Grand Secretary; 
 James Sweeney, Grand Marshal; 
 William Waller, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 Peter Javain, ) « . n 7 n 
 
 ' \ senior Grand JJeacons; 
 
 IllCHARD PEARCE, ) 
 
 ' > Junior 
 
 Benjamin Phillips, , 
 
 y Junior Grand JJeacons; 
 
 Baxter 0. Mynott 
 Robert Shand, Grand Tiler. 
 
 The 6rst Quarterly Communication of the Grand Lodge for this year, 
 was holden on Friday evening, the 26th of March. 
 
 At this communication a petition was presented and road from 
 sundry brethren at Claiborne, in the Territory of Alabama, praying for 
 a dispensation or charter for opening and establishing a Lodge at tint 
 place, which was referred to the Grand Officers. The charter was sub- 
 sequently granted, and the Lodge appears on the registry as " Claiborne 
 Lodge No. 51." 
 
 The union which had taken place in 1817 was daily growing more 
 popular, and it was officially announced at this communication, that 
 thirty-eight Lodges had surrendered their old warrants and were de- 
 sirous of obtaining new ones. It was therefore ordered, that new war- 
 rants should be prepared and issued to such Lodges as had acceded to 
 the union and surrendered their old ones, each Lodge to take prece- 
 dence as to its uumber, according to the date of its old warrant. 
 
144 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 A warrant was granted for the revival of Friendship Lodge No. 9. 
 
 Lod»-e No. 60, on John's Island, was this year dissolved by its mem- 
 bers, and the dues for the past year having been paid up, the late 
 Master, Brother John LaRoche, gave notice that he would return its 
 warrant, furniture and books to the Grand Lodge, to be held until the 
 Lodge might be revived. Forty-two years have now elapsed, but this 
 revival has never taken place. Twelve years after its dissolution, I 
 accidentally visited the old Lodge rojm held over the Muster House, 
 and saw its candlesticks which once held the three lesser lights, with 
 some other furniture, thrown in one corner, while cobwebs occupied the 
 walls, and a rich coating of dust covered the floor of this once thriving 
 temple of Masonry. It was, indeed, the image of "some banquet hall 
 deserted." 
 
 Brothers C. J. Colcock and David Johnson were, at this commu- 
 nication, appoiuted by the Grand Master "Inspectors," to visit and 
 inspect the Lodges in their respective jurisdictions throughout the 
 State. Both of these gentlemen were civilians of high rank and dis- 
 tinguished Masons in their day Both of them were, subsequently, 
 Judges, and the latter was Grand Master of the Craft a few years 
 afterwards. 
 
 Brother Dalcho, the chairman cf the committee on the new code of 
 by-laws, for the future government of the Grand Lodge, presented a 
 report and a copy of the by-laws, when it was determined that the 
 Grand Lodge should be specially convened for the consideration of 
 these by-laws, on the last Friday in April. 
 
 Accordingly the Grand Lodge assembled on the 30th of April, when 
 a further adjournment took place until the third Friday in May. 
 
 On the 21st of May, the new rules and regulations were severally 
 read and discussed, and, after being amended, were adopted as far as 
 the 18th rule, inclusive. It was then determined that the discussion 
 should be continued at a communication to be holdeu on Monday even- 
 ing, the 24th of May. 
 
 Among the alterations proposed at the meeting on the 21st of May, 
 was one providing for a communication of the Grand Lodge in the 
 town of Columbia. This was an important provision, as since the or- 
 ganization of the Provincial Grand Lodge in 17o6, no communication 
 of that bo ;y, or of any of its successors, had been holden outside of 
 the city of Charleston, which thus by long usage had become the 
 "Grand East" of the jurisdiction. The subject of the proposed altera- 
 tion occupied, therefore, the serious attention of the Grand Lodge, 
 
IS SOUTH CAROLINA j« r 
 
 and at the meeting on the 24th of May, it was resolved that the new 
 rules should be referred to a committee, who were to revise them and 
 render them conformable to the proposed alteration in the 17th rule 
 winch provided for one annual Communication in Columbia. Brothers 
 John S. Cogdell, Deputy Grand Master, H. H. Bacot, Corresponding 
 Grand Secretary, and Charles S. Tucker, Grand Treasurer, were ap- 
 pointed the committee, and they were directed to report at a special 
 Communication, to be holden on the 18th of June. 
 
 At the special Communication on the 18th of June, the committee 
 made their report, when the 17th and 18th rules were reconsidered 
 and, together with the 19th, 20th, and 21st, were, after sundry amend- 
 ments, adopted. It was then determined to hold a special Communica- 
 tion on the 23d of June, for the purpose of considering the remainder 
 of the rules. 
 
 On the 23d of June the discussion of the by-laws was resumed 
 and to quote the words of the record, « after going through the same,' 
 rule by rule, and making sundry alterations and amendments thereto 
 they were severally and respectively agreed to; and the question being 
 then taken upon the whole, as thus amended, (comprising thirty rules) 
 they were unanimously agreed to and adopted as the rules and regula- 
 tions of the Grand Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of South Carolina 
 and ordered to be recorded on the journals." 
 
 These rules and regulations were the first adopted by the Grand 
 Lodge since the union, and they continued with but few alterations to 
 be the code for its government until the year 18(50, when they were 
 displaced by the present Constitution. These old regulations, although 
 now obsolete, are not unworthy of inspection as a fair exposition of the 
 condition of Masonry and the views of leading Masons at the time of 
 their adoption. In some particulars manifest violations of the old land- 
 marks will be perceived, which are to be attributed to the influence of 
 the old York Masons, one of whom, Dr. Dalcho, was the chairman of 
 the committee who prepared them. But, on the whole, it cannot be 
 denied that for the times, when Masonic jurisprudence had not been 
 made an important study, they present an efficient and not very ob- 
 jectionable system. 
 
 At the Quarterly Communication in June, the Grand Master, Brother 
 Thomas \Y . Bacot, reported that he had visited the Lodges in the city 
 and found -everything to have been conducted with regularity and 
 economy." 
 
 On the 13th of May, the Grand Master in person constituted Friend- 
 
[40 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 ship Lodge No 9, which had been revived by dispensation, and a new 
 warrant granted by the Grand Lodge. On the 7th of May, he issued 
 a dispensation for a new Lodge at Claiborne, Alabama, directed to John 
 Murphy as the first Master. 
 
 Hitherto the meetings of the Grand, and most of the Subordinate 
 Lodges, were holden at the tavern of Brother James Galloway, at the 
 corner of Meeting and Market streets. But on the 6th of July, ISIS, 
 an extensive conflagration, in that part of the city, destroyed Gallo- 
 way's house, and temporarily deprived the Fraternity of a place of 
 meeting, and the Grand and Subordinate Lodges of most of their fur- 
 niture. Application was, however, made by the Grand Master to Mr. 
 Adam Tunno, for the loan of the Carolina Coffee House, at the corner 
 of Tradd street and Bedon's Alley, which happened at that time to be 
 unoccupied, but which had long before, and was for some time after- 
 wards, well known as a popular tavern, and one of the rooms of which 
 had in former times been consecrated and used as a Grand Lodge 
 room. The loan was granted, and the Grand Lodge held its Quarterly 
 Communication on the 24th of September at the Carolina Coflee House. 
 
 In accordance with the provisions of the new code of By-Laws, an 
 Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge was holden at Columbia 
 on the 3d of December, and an adjourned one on the following day. 
 Both appear to have been signal failures. At neither of them did any 
 Grand or Subordinate Officer appear, except the Deputy Grand Master. 
 At the first meeting the representatives of only ten Lodges appeared, 
 and at the second, the number was diminished to five. No business of 
 importance was transacted. Brother Charles S. Tucker delivered, in 
 what is said to have been "an able and satisfactory manner," lectures 
 on the three symbolic degrees. The Grand Lodge was th«n closed. 
 
 The Grand Lodge held its Quarterly Communication in Charleston, 
 on the 17th of December. The annual election of Grand Officers took 
 place. 
 
 Some doubt was entertained, whether the Subordinate Officers were 
 to be appointed or elected under the new code of by-laws; and it was, 
 therefore, resolved, that for the sake of dispatch, the Grand Officers 
 should, on that occasion, make the appointment of the Subordinate 
 Officers as early as practicable after the meeting; and that the Grand 
 Officers should take the subject into consideration, and recommend 
 what, in their opinion, would be the best mode of amending the rules 
 so as to make them explicit and clear upon that point, as well as any 
 other which they might find to require explanation. 
 

 IX SOUTH CAROLINA. j4? 
 
 Accordingly, the Grand Officers met at the Bank of South Carolina, 
 of which the Grand Blaster was President, and made the necessary 
 appointments. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated in 1819. 
 The Grand Lodge met at Brother Pearcc's in Meeting street, (which 
 had now become the general place of meeting for the Lodges,) in the 
 morning of the 27th of December. Jarvis H. Stevens, a Past Deputy 
 Grand iMaster, installed the Grand Master elect, Brother Thomas W. 
 Bacot, who had been reelected, aud the latter installed the remaining 
 officers. 
 
 The Grand Lodge then formed and went in procession, accompanied 
 by an excellent band of music, to St. Philip's Church, where Divine 
 Service was performed, and an appropriate sermon delivered by the 
 Grand Chaplain, Dr. Frederick Dalcho. A collection was then made 
 for the charity fund, which amounted to fifty-five dollars, and the pro- 
 cession returned in the same order to the Grand Lodge room, where the 
 usual votes of thanks were passed. 
 
 A tribute of respect was then paid to Brother John H. Mitchell, 
 lately Grand Secretary, in the adoption of a resolution, that the thanks 
 of the Grand Lodge be presented to him as a tribute of respect for his 
 services as Grand Secretary; that his name be recorded as a member 
 of the Grand Lodge; and that the Grand Treasurer yearly balance his 
 account without making any demands upon him. 
 
248 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 , Senior Grand Deacons ; 
 Samuel Seyle 
 
 [■ Junior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 THE YEAR 1820. 
 
 At the preceding Festival of St. John the Evangelist, the following 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1820, had been installed : 
 
 Thomas W. Bacot, Grand Master ; 
 John S. Cogdell, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 Charles Kershaw, Senior Grand Warden; 
 Richard Maynard, Junior Grand Warden ; 
 Rev. Fred. Dalcho, Grand Chaplain; 
 Charles S. Tucker, Grand Treasurer; 
 Edward Hughes, Recording Grand Secretary; 
 Jos. Galluchat, Corresponding Grand Secretary; 
 Peter Javain, \ 
 
 3,) 
 
 Benjamin Phillips, 
 
 C. C. Chitty, 
 
 Richard Pearce, i 
 
 John Innes, V Grand Stewards ; 
 
 Lewis Rechon, J 
 
 Charles Cleapor, Grand Marshal ; 
 
 William Waller, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 Robert Shand, Grand Tiler. 
 
 At the Quarterly Communication on the 31st of March, 1820, the 
 Grand Officers, to whom had been referred the new rules and regula- 
 tions, with a request that they would recommend the best mode of 
 explaining and amending thein wherever necessary, made a report re- 
 commending that the Senior Grand Beacons should be appointed by 
 the Grand Master, and the Junior Grand Deacons by the Senior Grand 
 Warden, as had always been the custom, and that the remaining Grand 
 Officers should be appointed by the Grand Master. This report was 
 adopted, and the usage has so continued to the present day, with the 
 exception that the appointment of the Grand Stewards was subsequently 
 made the duty of the Junior Grand Warden. 
 
 They also recommended that twenty-nine dollars should be the fee 
 
 
EN' SOUTH CAROLINA. 149 
 
 for initiating, passing and raising a Mason, which recommendation was 
 adopted, and the amount was distributed as follows : 
 
 For the degree of Entered Apprentice, - - - $10 
 
 For that of Fellow Craft, - - - - 5 
 
 For that of Master Mason, 5 
 
 To the Tiler, for the 3 degrees, - 3 
 
 To the Charity Fund, for the 3 degrees, ... 3 
 
 To the Grand Lodge, for the 3 degrees, ... 3 
 
 In all, $29 
 
 The rules provided that the proxy of each Lodge should be annually 
 appointed by the Lodge. This seems to have been a wholesome pro- 
 vision by which the proxy system, at all times a bad one, might at 
 least be guarded by some responsibility, and the evil of a permanent 
 and irresponsible representation be, to some extent, avoided. It seemed, 
 however, to the Grand Officers to be an objectionable feature, and they 
 therefore recommended the erasure of the clause in the 18th rule, 
 which provided that the proxy of a Lodge should be annually appointed. 
 Fortunately the Grand Lodge did not agree with them in opinion, and 
 the recommendation was not adopted. 
 
 A warrant was granted for the establishment of a Lodge at the city 
 of Havana in the Island of Cuba, to be called " La Amenidad No. 52," 
 of which the following were the officers : 
 
 Abraham Elcid, Worshipful Master; 
 Carlos Baeza, Senior Warden ; 
 Rafael Lorente, Junior Warden ; 
 and Bro. Cavellero was appointed the proxy of the Grand Master to 
 constitute the Lodge, and to install the officers. 
 
 At the Quarterly Communication on the 30th of June, a petition 
 was received from sundry brethren, formerly members of Lodge No. 
 30, at St. Augustine, praying for a warrant for a new Lodge, which was 
 referred to the Grand Officers, and a warrant was by them issued for 
 the establishment of the Lodge of Floridian Virtues No. 28, in the 
 city of St. Augustine, of which John Geiger was Master, Bernardo 
 Segui, Senior Warden, and Anthony Treay, Junior Warden. 
 
 At the Quarterly Communication on the 29th of September, a war- 
 rant was granted for the establishment of Mount Pleasant Lodge No. 
 49, at Dutchman's Creek, in Fairfield District. 
 
 Hitherto the Grand Lodge had published no abstract of its proceed- 
 
150 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 ings, except an account of the Union in 1817, but at this Communi- 
 cation it was ordered that an abstract of the proceedings for the past 
 three years, should be published and distributed. 
 
 Arrangements were made for the celebration of the approaching 
 Festival of St. John, and Dr. Dalcho was requested to deliver a sermon 
 on the occasion. 
 
 On the 1st, the 5th and 7th of December, an Annual Communica- 
 tion of the Grand Lodge was holden at Columbia. This was still 
 worse attended than the one in the preceding year. Not a single 
 officer, from the Grand Master to Grand Tiler, except the Deputy, was 
 present, and all the chairs were filled by temporary appointments, Bro. 
 John S. Cogdell, the Deputy Grand Master, presiding. No business 
 of any importance was transacted. 
 
 At the Quarterly Communication in Charleston, on the 15th of 
 December, the Grand Lodge proceeded to the election of officers, when 
 Bro. Bacot having declined a reelection, Bro. John S. Cogdell was 
 elected Grand Master. 
 
 Previous to the election, the Grand Master addressed the Grand 
 Lodge in an affecting manner. In the cour?e of his address he an- 
 nounced the pleasing fact that the Freemasons' Hall Company, after 
 much labor and difficulty, during a period of more than ten years, had 
 at length succeeded in the purchase of a local habitation and a home for 
 the Lodges, in the recent purchase of a spacious lot and commodious 
 buildings in Meeting Street. This is the lot of ground which was 
 subsequently sold by the Grand Lodge to the new Theatre Company, 
 and is the site now occupied by the Charleston Theatre. 
 
 A committee was appointed to return the affectionate thanks of the 
 Grand Lodge to the Grand Master, for his "long, faithful and meri- 
 torious services." 
 
 An adjourned Communication was held on the 21st of December, but 
 no business of importance was transacted. 
 
 The Grand Officers met at the house of the Grand Master, and the 
 Subordinate Officers of the Grand Lodge were appointed. It seems 
 singular, that by some misunderstanding of what must evidently have 
 been the object of the rule, the appointments were made this year as 
 had been done in the preceding year, not by the Grand Officers elect, 
 but by the old Grand Officers. This usage continued until the year 
 1823, when, in the Grand Mastership of Gen. Geddes, the prerogative 
 began to be properly exercised, and the appointments were made by the 
 newly elected Grand Officers. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. Jgj 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated. The 
 Grand Lodge and the Fraternity met in general communication at the 
 Grand Lodge room. Brother John S. Cogdell was installed by the late 
 Grand Master, and then proceeded to install the other officers. A pro- 
 cession was afterwards formed, which moved to St. Michael's Church, 
 where "an excellent and appropriate discourse" was delivered by Dr. 
 l'alcho. A collection was made for the charity fund, and the Masonic 
 body returned to the Graud Lodge room, where the new Grand Master 
 pronouueed an inaugural address, in the course of which he paid a 
 warm tribute to his predecessor, and expatiated on the duties and obli- 
 gations of Masonry. One passage in this address is well worthy of 
 preservation. After denying that Brotherly Love and Friendship 
 "consist in that pecuniary assistance which may be rendered to a 
 member of the Craft, to give an impetus to his affairs in life, or to rear 
 for him an establishment," he thus more accurately defines these "twin 
 stars" of Masonry. 
 
 "Brotherly Love and Friendship is that affection of Masons, one 
 towards another, which is born at our initiation, and grows and 
 strengthens with every degree; which is ever ready to defend the fame 
 of a brother; which will protect the innocence of his family, and 
 prompt him to pursue the way he should go, where dangers beset his 
 path; will caution him against his enemy, and often against the worst 
 of enemies, himself; will apprise him of his aberrations from the lines 
 laid down upon the trestle board, by which he might derange the har- 
 mony and glory of our Temple, and cease to deserve wages of the 
 Great Grand Master above. 
 
 " Brotherly Love and Friendship is that high sense of duty, com- 
 bined with zeal, which would hazard property, liberty and life, to serve 
 an injured and suffering biother." 
 
 After the usual votes of thanks the Grand Lodge was closed. 
 There were at this time forty-two Lodges under the jurisdiction of 
 the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, whose names, numbers and places 
 of meeting were as follows : 
 
 Solomon's No. 1, met at Charleston. 
 
 Marine No. 2 " 
 
 L'Etoile Renaissant No. 3, 
 
 Union Kilwinning No. 4, 
 
 No. 5, 
 
 Union No. 6, " 
 
HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Washington 
 
 No. 7, 
 
 met at Charleston. 
 
 Union 
 
 No. 8, 
 
 « 
 
 Friendship 
 
 No. 9, 
 
 u 
 
 St. Andrew's 
 
 No. 10, 
 
 a 
 
 
 No. 12, 
 
 Hughes' Creek, Union District. 
 
 St. John's 
 
 No. 13, 
 
 Charleston. 
 
 Orange 
 
 No. 14, 
 
 « 
 
 Beekhamsville 
 
 No. 16, 
 
 Beekhamsville. 
 
 Chester 
 
 No. 18, 
 
 Chester Court House. 
 
 Harmony 
 
 No. 20, 
 
 Edisto Island. 
 
 Pythagorean 
 
 No. 21, 
 
 Charleston. 
 
 Harmony 
 
 No. 22, 
 
 Beaufort. 
 
 Perfect Friendship 
 
 No. 23, 
 
 St. Helena. 
 
 Spartanburg 
 
 No. 24, 
 
 Spartanburg Court House. 
 
 Marion 
 
 No. 25, 
 
 Marion Court House. 
 
 Sumterville 
 
 No. 26, 
 
 Sumter Court House. 
 
 Newberry District 
 
 No. 27, 
 
 Newberry District. 
 
 Floridian Virtues 
 
 No. 28, 
 
 St. Augustine, Florida. 
 
 Kershaw 
 
 No. 29, 
 
 Camden. 
 
 Mount Moriah 
 
 No 30, 
 
 Pipe Creek, Beaufort District. 
 
 Recovery 
 
 No. 31, 
 
 Greenville Court House. 
 
 Philanthropic 
 
 No. 32, 
 
 Yorkville. 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 No. ?3, 
 
 Cambridge. 
 
 La Candeur 
 
 No. 36, 
 
 Charleston. 
 
 St. John's 
 
 No. 37, 
 
 St. John's, Santee. 
 
 Columbia 
 
 No. 39, 
 
 Columbia. 
 
 Winyaw 
 
 No. 40, 
 
 Georgetown. 
 
 Liberty Hill 
 
 No. 42, 
 
 Liberty Hill, Kershaw District. 
 
 Union Court House No. 43, 
 
 Union Court House. 
 
 Eden 
 
 No. 45, 
 
 Clarendon. 
 
 Edgefield 
 
 No. 46, 
 
 Abney's Store, Edgefield Dist. 
 
 Mount Hope 
 
 No. 48, 
 
 Pocotaligo. 
 
 Mount Pleasant 
 
 No. 49, 
 
 Dutchman's Creek, Fairfield Dt. 
 
 La Constancia 
 
 No. 50, 
 
 Havana, Cuba. 
 
 Claiborne 
 
 No. 51, 
 
 Claiborne, Alabama. 
 
 La Amenidad 
 
 No. 52, 
 
 Havana, Cuba. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 153 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 Tin: VKAR 1821. 
 
 The Graud Lodge commenced the year 1821 with the following 
 Officers : 
 
 John S. Cogdell, Grand Master; 
 
 Joel R Poinsett, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 Isaac M. Wilson, M.D., S'-nior Grand Warden; 
 
 Henry H. Bacot, Junior Grind Warden} 
 
 Rev. F. Dalcho, M.D., Grand Chaplain; 
 
 Charles S. Tucker, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 Edward Hughes, Recording Grand Secretary; 
 
 Rev. Jos. GALLUCHAT, Corresponding Grand Secretary ; 
 
 Peter Javain, ) „ . „ , n 
 
 \ Senior Grand Deacons ; 
 E, ) 
 
 Samuel Seyle, 
 
 Charles C. Chitty, ) , . n 7 n 
 
 ' \ Junior G rand Deacons ; 
 
 R. W. COGDELL, j 
 
 CHARLES CLEAPOR, Grand Marshal ; 
 
 William Waller, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 John Innes, ^ 
 
 Lewis Rechon, ( 
 
 ■nr r> i Grand Stewards ; 
 
 William Bailey, 
 
 John 31. Fraser, J 
 
 Robert Shand, Grand Tiler. 
 
 At the Quarterly Communication on the 30th of March, a warrant 
 was granted for the revival of Lodge No. 44, at Newberry Court 
 House, to be registered as No. 11. 
 
 A communication was read from the "Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 Freemasons in Havana," announcing that a Grand Lodge had been 
 organized there, and requesting friendly communications with this 
 Grand Lodge, and also stating that La Amenidad Lodge No. 52, now 
 under the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge, prayed that it might be 
 permitted to surrender its present warrant, as it was the wish of its 
 members that the Lodge should be enrolled under the jurisdiction of 
 the Grand Lodge of Ilavaua. 
 
1 54 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 The prayer was of course complied with, and the Grand Secretary 
 was directed to acknowledge the receipt of the communication, to 
 reciprocate the feelings which it expressed, and to solicit a further 
 correspondence. 
 
 The report of the Grand Treasurer showed that there were $2,363 
 in the treasury of the Grand Lodge in cash and investments. 
 
 At the Quarterly Communication on the 29th of June, the Committee 
 of Grand Officers, to whom the complaint made by some of the country 
 Lodges of the high rates charged in the fee bill had been referred, 
 made a report recommending that the fees now paid by the Subordinate 
 Lodges in the country to the charity fund of the Grand Lodge be 
 retained by them, and used as a charity fund in their own jurisdic- 
 tion. The report was recommitted, and continued to elicit discussion 
 at several meetings, until the 30th of March, 1822, when the following- 
 rule was adopted : 
 
 "The fees directed to be paid to the charity fund of the Grand 
 Lodge by the Subordinate Lodges in the country may be retained for 
 charitable uses : Provided they make an annual return of the sum 
 collected for that purpose ; the name or names of every Brother or 
 Brother's family whom they have relieved, and the amount of the 
 charity bestowed. For which purpose, 
 
 "Every Subordinate Lodge in the country shall appoint a Standing 
 Committee, in such manner as they may deem proper, who shall dis- 
 pense the charity fund of each Lodge, or any portion thereof, during 
 the recess of their respective Lodges. Notices of these appointments, 
 and of the names of the Committee, shall be transmitted to the Grand 
 Lodge immediately, and, hereafter, in their annual returns." 
 
 In consequence of the adoption of this rule, for many years after- 
 wards, the city Lodges paid to the Grand Lodge four dollars and a 
 half for each candidate made in their respective Lodges, while the 
 country Lodges paid only one dollar. This to many appeared, at a 
 long subsequent period, when the motive of the law was not well 
 understood, to be unequal, and therefore unjust taxation. But it was 
 not so. The country Lodges paid no tax to the charity fund of the 
 Grand Lodge, because they met and relieved their own calls for charity, 
 but the city Lodges were required to pay such a tax, because the 
 Grand Lodge constituted itself their almoner, and out of the fund 
 raised by this taxation dispensed the charity of the city Lodges. In 
 1858, however, the distinction becoming very obnoxious, the rule was 
 abolished, and the taxation was made equal on the city and the 
 
IX SOUTH CAEOUXA. 
 
 155 
 
 country. And this was in all probability wise legislation, for the city 
 Lodges now disburs-j out of their owu treasuries a large amount of 
 charity, that of the Grand Lodge being much less in proportion, and 
 principally confined to the applications of transient persons. 
 
 An attempt was again made at this Communication to erase the rule 
 which required the annual appointment of proxies. The motion was 
 made by Bro. Thomas W. Bacot, the late Grand Master, and at the 
 succeeding Quarterly Communication the proposed amendment was 
 adopted. From that time until the abandonment of the whole system, 
 the proxies of the Lodges held the office for an indefinite period, the 
 Lodges often, in the lapse of time, forgetting the names of those who 
 were said to represent them in the Grand Lodge. This unwise legisla- 
 tion was perhaps one of the principal causes which led to the total 
 abolition of the proxy system in the year 1858. 
 
 At this Communication a form of Graud Ledge certificate was 
 adopted, and a committee ordered to have a plate engraved. 
 
 Warrants of constitution were granted for the revival of Good In- 
 tention Lodge No. 17, (formerly No. 56.) at Pensacola, Florida, and 
 King Solomon's Lodge No. 15, (formerly No. 17,) at Cheraw. 
 
 At the Quarterly Communication on the 28th of September, the 
 dues of Lodge No. 51, held at Claiborne, Alabama, were, on its peti- 
 tion, remitted, in consideration of the expense incurred by the Lodge 
 in the erection of a Hall, aud the amount of charity which it had been 
 compelled to disburse iu consequence of sickness which prevailed at 
 Claiborne during the summers of 1819 and 1820. 
 
 An Annual Communication was holden at Columbia on the 7th and 
 8th of December. Again there were no Grand Officers preseut, except 
 the Grand Treasurer. The Master of Lodge No. 24 presided at the 
 first meeting, and the Grand Treasurer at the second. 
 
 Columbia Lodge No. 39, tendered the Grand Lodge the use of their 
 Lodge room whenever the Grand Lodge should have occasion to hold 
 its Communications there, " in consideration that the said Lodge No. 
 39 be exempt from the payment of all dues, taxes or contributions to 
 the Grand Lodge." As the dues of Lodge No. 38 were $184 for the 
 year 1824, and SI 79 for 1825, and could not have been much less on 
 L821, such a rent would have been, in more than a mere techuical 
 sense, a " valuable consideration." The proposition was not, therefore, 
 accepted by the Cirand Lodge. 
 
 A warrant of constitution was granted to Church Hill Lodge No. 
 19. in Abbeville District, of which A. B. Arnold was Master, and as 
 
156 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Lodge No. 10, formerly held in Columbia, had become extinct, the 
 jewels and furniture of the extinct Lodge were delivered to Church 
 Hill Lodge, the officers of the latter giving their obligation to pay to 
 the Grand Ludge the amount at which the said jewels and furniture 
 might be appraised. 
 
 A warrant of constitution was also granted to Union Lodge No. 34, 
 (formerly No. 66,) in Abbeville District, L. Randolph being Master. 
 
 At the adjourned Communication on the 8th of December, Bro. C. 
 S. Tucker delivered " a course of lectures on the three degrees of 
 Masonry." 
 
 At the Quarterly Communication on the 14th of December, the 
 aunual election of Grand Officers took place; Bro. John S. Cogdellwas 
 reelected Grand Master. 
 
 An adjourned Communication was held on the 21st of December. 
 The Grand Lodge took into consideration an enquiry made in behalf 
 of Winnsboro' Lodge No. 11, by Brother Young J. Harrington, the 
 Master, in relation to the exact purport of that clause in the " Ahiman 
 Rezon" which requires every candidate to be "upright in body, not 
 deformed or dismembered at the time of making, but of hale and entire 
 limbs, as a man ought to be." The enquiry was referred to a commit- 
 tee, of which Dr. Dalcho was Chairman. But no reply was ever given, 
 and in March, 1822, the Grand Lodge having determined that it would 
 give no explauation of the Rules of Masonry, the enquiry of Lodge 
 No. 11 was dismissed. 
 
 At this Communication Dr. Dalcho was requested to prepare a new 
 edition of his Ahiman Rezon, under the authority of the Grand 
 Lodge, with such improvements, additions and alterations, as he might 
 deem necessary, in order to adapt it to the present state of the Craft in 
 the jurisdiction. A committee of five, consisting of the Grand and 
 Deputy Grand Masters, with Brothers I. M. Wilson, H. H. Bacot and 
 Thomas D. Condy, was appointed to examine the proposed alterations, 
 amendments and additions, and to report their cpinion to the Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 The Festival of St John the Evangelist was duly celebrated. There 
 was a procession to St. Michael's Church, and an appropriate sermon by 
 Dr. Dalcho. On the return of the procession to the Lodge room, the 
 Grand Officers were installed ; the Grand Master by Bro. T. W. Bacot, 
 Past Grand Master, and the rest of the Grand and subordinate officers 
 by the Grand Master. 
 
 At 5 o'clock, P. M., the Grand Lodge again met, when the Grand 
 Master addressed the Brethren in a short but appropriate charge. 
 
in south Carolina. \r,\ 
 
 CHAPTEK XV. 
 
 THE YEAR 1822. 
 
 The following were the officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 
 1822: 
 
 John S. Cogdell, Grand Master; 
 
 Isaac M. Wilson, M.D., Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 Henry H. Bacot, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 William Waller, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Rev. Frederick Dalcho, M.D., Grand Chaplain ; 
 
 Charles S. Tucker, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 Edward Hughes, Recording Grand Secretary; 
 
 Richard W. Cogdell, Corresponding Grand Secretary; 
 
 Peter Javain, ) . n 7 n 
 
 ' V Senior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 Samuel Seyle, ) 
 
 Augustus Follin, ) , . n ■, n 
 
 ' y Junior Grand Deacons ; 
 James C. Norris, ) 
 
 Charles Cleapor, Grand Marshal ; 
 
 Benjamin Phillips, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 John M. Fraser, ^ 
 
 Isaac A. Johnson, M.D., 
 
 t„»„. yx _ „ , T r Grand Steicards ; 
 
 John Dawson, Jr., 
 
 Allan McDonald, J 
 
 Robert Shand, Grand Tiler. 
 
 On the 31st of December, 1821, a special Communication was called, 
 to take into consideration the protest of Barnard Levy, Junior Warden 
 of Lodge No. 13. The circumstances were as follows: 
 
 At the regular meeting of St. John's Lodge No 13, in the city of 
 Charleston, which took place on the 5th of December, 1821, it being 
 the constitutional night of election, one was entered iuto. Charles C. 
 Chitty was duly elected Master by a majority of votes, but the rest of 
 the officers were elected unconstitutionally, the successful candidates 
 having received only a plurality of one vote, and three illegal votes 
 haviug been cast. The night of the 12th of December was appointed 
 
[38 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 bv the Lodge for the installation of the officers. On that night the 
 Lodge met, of course in a special communication, when a protest was 
 entered against the preceding election, which was declared to be illegal, 
 and the Lodge at once proceeded to a new election, and to the instal- 
 lation of the officers so elected. On this, Levy, the Junior Warden 
 under the first election, brought a protest up to the Grand Lodge. 
 
 The committee to whom the subject was referred, reported and made 
 the following points of Masonic law, which were concurred iu by the 
 Grand Lodge: 
 
 "The time prescribed by the constitution for the election of officers, 
 is the regular night of meeting preceding St. John the Evangelist's 
 day. The constitution also declares, that no Lodge can, at an extra 
 meeting, alter or expunge the proceedings of a regular meeting. 
 
 "It is evident that those two constitutional rules were violated by 
 the proceedings of the said Lodge, on the evening of the 12th Decem- 
 ber; and the election then held was, therefore, unconstitutional. The 
 election of Brother C. C. Chitty being regular, he, if installed on or 
 before St. John the Evangelist's day, will preside as Master; if not, 
 the former Master must preside. The present Wardens, Secretary, 
 Treasurer, &c, must preside agreeably to the rules, until a new election 
 shall be ordered by the M. W. Grand Lodge." 
 
 This report having been concurred in by the Grand Lodge, the Grand 
 Master was authorized to issue a dispensation to the members of St. 
 John's Lodge No. 13, to enter into an election for officers for the present 
 year, at their next regular communication. 
 
 A warrant of constitution was granted at this communication for the 
 revival of Prudence Lodge No 35, (formerly No. 46,) in the city of 
 Charleston. 
 
 In consequence of the death of Brother Charles Cleapor, the Grand 
 Marshal, a special communication of the Grand Lodge was con- 
 vened on the 23d of February, to attend his funeral. His remains 
 were interred with Masonic honors in the cemetery of St. Philip's 
 Church. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 30th of March. In consequence 
 of an application by Lodge No. 11, for an explanation of one of the 
 laws laid down in the Ahiman Rezon, to which I have already referred, 
 the Grand Lodge resolved, that "it would not take notice of any ap- 
 plication for an explanation of the rules of Masonry, uuless where a 
 case has occurred which requires a dispensation of the ordinary regu- 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. J.yj 
 
 lations of Masonry, and on a regular application for such dispen- 
 sation."* 
 
 The fees of country Lodges, to be paid to the charity fund of the 
 Graud Lodge, amounting to three dollars for each candidate who 
 received the three degrees, were, by an amendment to the constitution, 
 remitted, and the country Lodges were ordered to place this amount in 
 their own charity fund. 
 
 By a report of the committee on the Grand Treasurer's books, it ap- 
 peared that, at this time, the funds of the Grand Lodge amounted to 
 $3,358 77 J, of which $264 consisted of arrears due by members. 
 
 It having been found necessary that the Grand Lodge should remove 
 from its present place of meeting, at Bro. Pearce's, in Meeting Street, 
 it was determined that the 'J rand Officers be authorized to obtain a 
 suitable place for holding the next Quarterly Communication. Accord- 
 ingly, Bro. Samuel Seyle having fitted up a house in King Street, on 
 the East side, between Market and Hasell Streets, for the accommoda- 
 tion of societies and principally Lodges, the Grand Lodge, with most 
 of the Subordinate Lodges in the city, removed to that place and con- 
 tinued to occupy it until driven from it by the disastrous conflagration 
 in the year 1838. 
 
 The Quarterly Communication on the 28th of June, was held, for 
 the first time, at the house of Bro. Seyle. Several brethren, residing 
 in Cheraw, becoming dissatisfied with certain proceedings in King 
 Solomon's Lodge No. 15, working at that place, applied for a warrant 
 for a new Lodge. This application, together with an adverse memorial 
 from Lodge No. 15, was laid before the Grand Lodge and referred to a 
 committee. At the next Quarterly Communication that committee re- 
 ported that " neither the population of the place, nor the circumstances 
 set forth in the several communications, would authorize the establish- 
 ment of another Lodge, without interfering with that harmony which 
 should uniformly prevail among brethren of the Craft." Accordingly 
 the application for a new Lodge was refused. 
 
 A communication was received from a committee of Lodge No. 19, 
 at Laurens C. H., applying for a warrant of constitution. Lodge No. 
 19 had been under the jurisdiction of the former Grand Lodge of 
 
 * After reading such a resolution, one is almost tempted to inquire whai was 
 the use, then, of a Grand Lodge at all. Queer notions, the Masons of that day 
 seem to have had, of the duties and prerogatives of the controlling head of tin' 
 Order 
 
10(1 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Ancient York Masons, and at the union of the two Grand Lodges in 
 1817, does not appear to have approved of the union, and did not, ac= 
 cordingly, surrender its old warrant and apply for a new one. By the 
 resolution of the United Grand Lodge ou this subject it had, there- 
 fore, forfeited its warrant. It now, however, applied for a new one 
 or a revival of the old one. The application was accompanied by a 
 communication, in which the Lodge, with great independence, set 
 forth its objections to many parts of the new rules and regulations. 
 As this was one ol the first attempts, on the part of a Subordinate 
 Lodge, to introduce a reform in the legislation of the Grand Lodge, an 
 attempt which was, after long exertions, finally successful in 1858, it 
 is proper that the views of Lodge No. 19 should be presented to the 
 reader. Unfortunately the original communication is lost, but the re- 
 port of the committee of the Grand Lodge, to whom the communica- 
 tion was referred, is so full of references to the original document, that 
 we are able from it to gather the sentiments of the Lodge. The report 
 of the committee of the Grand Lodge, made at the next Quarterly 
 Communication, is as follows : 
 
 "The committee to whom was referred a letter from Lodge, formerly 
 No. 19, under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Ancient York 
 Masons in this State, dated at Laurens Court House, 4th of May, 5822, 
 accompanied with a surrender of its old warrant, and a request for a 
 new one to be issued; together with a copy of sundry resolutions of 
 said Lodge, report : 
 
 "That they have perused the said letter and resolutions, with a 
 mixture of surprise and regret, and cannot but consider the former as 
 containing sentiments and expressions disrespectful towards the Grand 
 Lodge, and derogatory to its Masonic character. 
 
 "It is premised, that although the union of the two late Grand 
 Lodges in this State was consummated on the 27th of December, 5817, 
 and the Subordinate Lodges under their respective jurisdictions were 
 repeatedly called upon to surrender their old warrants and obtain new 
 ones, (and no less than forty-one Lodges have done so,) yet no commu- 
 nication until the present has been received from Lodge No. 19. 
 
 " This Lodge, thus situated, in asking for a new warrant, commences 
 its application with a general philippic against the existing constitution 
 or by-laws of the Grand Lodge, followed by a long string of objections 
 to many of them. 
 
 "This letter states, first, as a general observation, that, ( in the new 
 Masonic Edifice, there is wanting that/ws^ proportion of parts which is 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 161 
 
 essential to the beauty and strengih'of every structure raised upon the 
 principles which we profess ; that when associations become burthen- 
 somr and oppremioe to the individuals who compose them, if they can 
 withdraw themselves they will, and more especially when such a state 
 of things exists, as may tempt them to believe that others are deriving 
 a benefit from their oppression. Such in the situation of Lodge No. 10, 
 and probably of many other Lodge* in (he upper country, in relation to 
 the Gram/ Lodge.' 
 
 "Then it goes on to state the following particular objections: 
 "1st. That the fees for initiation are too high, and propose 
 
 $8 for the 1st degree, instead of $10, 
 4 for the 2d " " 5, 
 
 4 for the 3d t* 5, 
 
 $16 instead of $20, 
 
 but. at the same time, think it best to leave it to each Subordinate 
 Lodii-e to regulate its own initiation fees. 
 
 "The next objection is the mode of assessing each Lodge for its 
 dues, or contributions to the Gr.nd Lodge in aid of its funds: 'how- 
 ever sanctified [sanctioned] by length of time, the principle on which 
 such assessment is made, is still more exceptionable, as it is done in 
 proportion to numbers, and operates like a poll tax,' whilst it ought to 
 be rather 'on a combined ratio of numbers aud Lrnds.' 
 
 " The third objection is to the appointment of Proxies, and it is 
 suggested that, 'that part of the 20th Rule, which orders the sus- 
 pension of a Lodge for failing to make such appointment, be expunged.' 
 The letter says, ' from several years experience, we find it worse than 
 useless to appoint a Proxy resident in Charleston.' 
 
 "The 17th Rule, respecting the annual meeting of the Grand Lodge 
 at Columbia, is next objected to. It is said to be inefficient for the 
 purposes desired by the Lodges in the country, and, it is added, ' this 
 has been a constant source of dissatisfaction with our Lodge, the 
 members of which arc constantly inquiring what has been done 
 with all the monies paid into the Grand Lodge.' This inquiry comes 
 with an ill grace from a Lodge which is uot contributing to those 
 funds. 
 
 " The letter then states, ' before we conclude, permit us again to 
 assure you of our profound attachment to the principles of .Masonry, 
 and our deep conviction of the necewity of a common head; also, that 
 we ardently desire to live under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge 
 
 11 
 
1(12 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 of Ancient Fife- Mucins of South Carolina: hut, while we make this 
 declaration, we wish it to be understood, THAT WE EXPECT to be 
 received as Free and Accepted Masons, on the footing of equality ; to 
 have access to the sanctum sanctorum in some practicable way, and to 
 have a reasonable prospect of enjoying a share of the benefits to be 
 derived from so excellent an institution, and not to be ntained as 
 hewers of wood ami drawers of water. We have already demonstrated, 
 that under the existing regulations of the Grand Lodge, we could not 
 even long survive; o.:r funds would be soon exhausted, and the disso- 
 lution of the body would follow of course. Under a hope, therefore, 
 that a suitable reduction would be made, the Lodge has directed the 
 Secretary to make application for a new warrant.' 
 
 " Your Committee, although they could readily meet all the objec- 
 tions urged as above stated, deem it inexpedient in the present instance 
 to do so, for reasons which they think must be obvious, and merely 
 content themselves with bringing to the view of the Grand Lodge, the 
 foregoing extracts from the letter submitted to them for their consider- 
 ation, from which may be discovered the temper and disposition of the 
 Brethren applying for a New Charter. Far is it, however, from our 
 intention to insinuate any thing which may call in question the purity 
 of the motives which actuate those Brethren, although we may and do 
 differ from them. 
 
 " Your Committee fee 1 , satisfied, that whilst the Grand Lodge will 
 gladly receive into the bosom of its family, all worthy members of the 
 Craft, and especially those who have heretofore been of its own house- 
 hold, (notwithstanding th > y may have for some time estranged them- 
 selves from us.) V knows how to preserve its own dignity and to manage 
 its own concerns." 
 
 In conclusion, the committee* condemned the letter from Lodge No. 
 19, as containing "sentiments and expressions, as well as insinuations, 
 which could not but be construed as disrespectful to the Grand Lodge 
 and derogatoiy to its Masonic character, although they may not have 
 been so intended." On their recommendation, the Grand Lodge ac- 
 cordingly resolved, that Lodge No. 19 should be informed, that when- 
 ever an application should be made for a new warrant, unincumbeied 
 with the proposals of any terms or conditions, and stating, in the usual 
 manner, the names of the Master and Wardens, such application 
 
 * The members of the committee were Thomas W. Bacot, W. Waller, C. S. 
 Tucker, 13. Phillips and I. A. Johnson. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 163 
 
 should receive from the Grand Lodge all due respect and brotherly 
 attention. The Lodge appears to have availed itself of this intimation, 
 for Lodge No. 19, at Laurens Court ILnne, is recorded in the registry 
 of this year with a new number, as No. 41. 
 
 The committee* appointed to examine the alterations and additions 
 to the new edition of the Ahiman Rezon, directed to be prepared and 
 published by Dr. Frederick Daleho, made the following report, which 
 was adopted : 
 
 "The Committee appointed to examine and report upon the altera- 
 tions, amendments and additions to a new Edition of the Ahiman 
 Kcznn, directed to be prepared and published, under the authority of 
 this Most Worshipful Grand Lodge, beg leave to Report: 
 
 "That vour Committee have carefully examined the proposed new 
 Edition of the Ahimtu llezon, and find it to be perfectly consistent, 
 with the Ancieo Land Marks and Constitutions of the Order, and 
 conformable to the Usages and Customs of the Craft in South-Carolina. 
 "Your Committee, at the same time, beg leave to recommend the 
 scientific and explanatory Notes, which our Most Reverend Grand 
 Chaplain lias added to this Kdition, under the conviction that they 
 will be found highly interesting and instructive to the Fraternity, and 
 calculated to promote the ho: our and respectability of the Order, 
 among those who are ignorant of its principles and its rites. 
 
 *' Your Committee, therefore, respectfully recommend, that the new 
 Edition of the Ahiman Rezon, prepared by cur Rev. Brother FREDERICK 
 DALCHO, M.D , b.: adopted as the Rook of Constitutions, by your Most 
 Worshipful Grand Lodge,and that the (Jrand Lodge do order and direct 
 the several Lodges under your Masonic Jurisdiction, to adopt and use 
 the same in all their work, and to be governed by the principles and 
 regulations thereof, and by none other." 
 
 The work was accordingly published in this year, with the following 
 title : 
 
 " An Ahiman llezon, for the use of the Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 Free-Masons of South-Carolina, and the Lodges under the Register 
 and Masonic Jurisdiction thereof. Published at the request of tho 
 Grand Lodge, by the Rev. Brother Fred rick Dalcho, M.D., Assistant 
 Minister of St. Michael's Church, Charleston; and Chaplain to tho 
 
 •Tin- committee consisted of John S. Cogdell, Thomas W. Bacot and T. 
 Ford. Of these, the first and second were fast Grand Masters, and the last, a 
 Past Junior Grand Warden. 
 
164 QISTORt OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Grand Lodge, &c, &c. Indocti discant, amenl memimsse periti. The 
 
 Second Edition, with considerable Additions and Explanatory Notes. 
 Charleston, 1822." 
 
 This book continued to be authority for the government of the Craft 
 in South Carolina, on all matters not referred to in the rules and regu- 
 lations, until the year 1852, when it was superseded by the " Ahiman 
 Rezon or Book of Constitutions," compiled by Dr. Albert G. Mackey. 
 Notwithstanding its necessary popularity as a Masonic guide in the 
 jurisdiction, it is remarkable that another edition of it should never 
 have been printed. Long before 1852, when the new work appeared, 
 Dalcho's Ahiman Rezon had become completely "out of print." None 
 but second hand copies, and these only with great difficulty, could be 
 obtained for the use and government of new Lodges. 
 
 Up to this period, we find no reference in the records of Masonry in 
 this State to the important and really necessary office of Grand Lec- 
 turer. Brother C. S Tucker, the Grand Treasurer, who appears to 
 have paid some attention to the esoteric teachings of Masonry, on 
 several occasions, it is true, delivered lecturer before the Grand Lodge, 
 on the three degrees, but he was not recognized as holding auy official 
 position, or as exercising auy appointed authority as a Masonic teacher. 
 The Craft were, therefore, left to their own unaided exertions to 
 become acquainted with the ritual and ceremonial landmarks of the 
 Order. 
 
 In consequence of this dearth of instruction, many persons, totally 
 unqualified, and teaching each one a different system, began to invade 
 the jurisdiction, and, as a necessary result, to produce confusion and 
 disorder in the work. The names of none of these self-constituted 
 lecturers have been banded down, with the exception of one David 
 Vinton, perhaps the best informed of them all — at least I judge so, 
 from some remains of his teachings which I have beeu enabled to 
 gather from old Masons who were his contemporaries. Vinton taught 
 in the upper part of the State about this time, but was, in 1823, 
 expelled from Masonry by the Grand Lodge of North Carolina, for 
 some act of immorality. 
 
 The attention of the Grand Lodge was thus, at last, attracted to the 
 evils resulting from the instructions of these self-constituted, and often 
 inefficient, lecturers, as well as to the necessity of providing for the in- 
 tellectual wants of the Craft by the appointment of a properly qualified 
 Grand Lecturer. Accordingly, Dr. Daleho, of all the members of the 
 Grand Lodge, the one most competent to appreciate the evil and to 
 
L\ SOUTH CAROLINA. l(j.'» 
 
 suggest the remedy, proposed two series of resolutions for the purpose 
 of attaining these ends, which resolutions were adopted by the Grand 
 Lodge. The first series of resolutions, which condemned the practice of 
 unauthorized lecturers, were in these words : 
 
 " Whereas it is declared by the general Constitutions of the Order, 
 that 'all Masonic power is derived from the Grand Lodge,' and in the 
 'Rules and Regulations of the Grand Lodge' it is likewise declared 
 that 'the supreme Masonic authority in South-Carolina exists, solely, 
 in ' Th* Grand L<><I</<- or' Ancient Free-Masons of South- Carolina:' 
 
 "And whereas it is the duty of the Grand Lodge to guard the Craft 
 under their jurisdiction, from imposture and error, and to make such 
 regulations as may preserve the unity and correctness of their work, 
 according to the Constitutions and Ancient Landmarks of the Order: 
 
 "Therefore, Resolved, That no Subordinate Lodge under the juris- 
 diction of this Grand Lodge, shall encourage, promote, or permit, the 
 delivery of any Lectures, said to be Masonic, without authority from 
 the Grand Lodge, or a dispensation from the presiding Officer thereof. 
 And before such authority or dispensation shall be granted, such 
 Lectures, or course of Masonic instruction, shall be delivered iu the 
 presence of the Grand Lodge, or of the Officers thereof, with such 
 ether enlightened and intelligent Masons as may be appointed or 
 invited for the purpose. And if any Lodge shall so encourage, 
 promote, or permit, such Lectures, or course of Masonic instruction, 
 to be delivered, without such authority or dispensation, such Lodge 
 shall be suspended from their work, or be deprived of their Warrant 
 of Constitution, as the Grand Lodge, in their wisdom, may think 
 proper to direct. 
 
 "And whereas the Grand Lodge deem it unbecoming the Masonic 
 character, and highly disrespectful and derogatory to their honor and 
 independence, for any Brother, not belonging to this jurisdiction, to 
 interfere in their Masonic concerns ; to deliver Lectures without com- 
 petent authority; to dictate what is, and what is not, the course of 
 instruction which the Free Masons of Carolina ought to pursue; and 
 to introduce and teach systems which may, or may not, be conforma- 
 ble to the real principles of the Order, and of which the Grand Lodge 
 arc entirely ignorant, or, when informed, might disapprove : 
 
 "Therefore, be it Resolved, That any Free-Mason so lecturing, with- 
 out the authority of the Grand Lodge, or of the presiding Grand Officer, 
 as aforesaid, shall, on due proof thereof before the Grand Lodge, be 
 expelled from the Masonic Order, and his namo and offence be brans 
 
IQQ HISTORY OF FREKMASOXRY 
 
 initted by the Corresponding Grand Secretary, to every Grand Lodge 
 with whom we correspond. 
 
 "R. solved, That these regulations are not intended to restrain the 
 Masters or presiding Officers of Lodges from delivering the usual 
 course of instruction from the Chair, according to ancient form and 
 usage. 
 
 " Resolved, That when these resolutions shall be adopted by the 
 Grand Lodge, the Corresponding Grand Secretary do transmit copies 
 thereof to every Grand Lodge with whom we correspond, and invite 
 their co-operation, by enacting similar rules in their several jurisdic- 
 tions, and by giving publicity to these regulations." 
 
 The other resolutions declared that for the purpose of communicat- 
 ing to all the Lodg.;s in the State a uniform system of working, lec- 
 turing, &c, an Inspector .should be appointed by the Grand Officers, 
 whose duty it should be to visit the several Lodges as often as the 
 Grand Lojge might think proper to direct, and to instruct them in 
 such matters as might be necessary for their information. IJefore such 
 Inspector should enter upon the duties of his office, he was to work and 
 lecture in the presence of the Grand Officers and of such other enlig t- 
 ened Masons as mi^ht be invited to attend, so that the Grand Lodge 
 might be satisfied that his system was conformab'e with the ancient 
 Constitutions and Landmarks of the Order. lie was to be remunerated 
 by an appropriation out of the funds of the Grand Lodge, by a 
 specific appropriation from every Lodge which he should visit and in- 
 struct, by the subscription of zealous individuals, who felt desirous of 
 promoting the olject, or by any other mode which might be afterwards 
 devised. And finally, for the purpose of carrying these resolutions into 
 effect, they were to be referred to a committee, which was to report at 
 the next Quarterly Communication. 
 
 Special Communication on the 80th of August, when the matters al- 
 ready referred to in relation to the application for a new Lodge at 
 Cheraw, and the communication of Lodge No. 19 at Laureusville, were 
 acted on. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 27th of December. Two impor- 
 tant communications were read; one from a Committee of Masons, of 
 which Henry Clay was the Chairman, dated "City of Washington, 
 9th March, 1822," proposing to the Grand Lodge of South Carolina 
 as well as to all the other Grand Lodges in the Union, the establish- 
 ment of a General Grand Lodge of the United States, to be situated at 
 the city of Washington. The second communication was from the 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 167 
 
 Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, which disagreed with the proposal of the 
 Washington Committee, suggested in lieu thereof a General Grand 
 Voifvenfi'oi of Delegates from the different Grand Lodges throughout 
 the United States for the purpose of consulting upon the Order, and 
 recommended that the said Convention should take place on the 
 24th of June, 1823, at the city of Philadelphia, <r such other place 
 as might be designated by the other Grand Lodges. Both of these 
 communications were referred to a committee, which was to report at 
 the next Quarterly Communication. 
 
 The committee to whom Dr. Dalcho's resolutions in relation to the 
 appointment of a Grand Inspector 1. ad been referred, made a report 
 recommending that it be referred to the Grand Officers to prescribe the 
 duties of that officer, and to arrange the plan generally; which report 
 was adopted. 
 
 There was an annual meeting of the Grand Lodge at Columbia on 
 the 6th of December. The Grand Treasurer was the only Grand Offi- 
 cer present, and no business of any importance was done. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 13th of December. The Grand Offi- 
 cers reported the following resolutions respecting the appointment of a 
 Grand Lecturer. I have preserved them entire, because they consti- 
 tute the first digested plan of a system of lectures ever devised in the 
 State. 
 
 "1. That a Grand Lecturer and Inspector for South Carolina be 
 elected conformably to the Resolution of the Grand Lodge, and that 
 he be considered an Officer of the Grand Lodge, and be djsignated 
 by a jewel of such form as is worn by similar Officers in other Grand 
 Lodges. 
 
 " 2. It is earnestly recommended in the selection of this Officer, that 
 he be a Brother of distinguished reputation in the fraternity; that he 
 be a ' regular Past Master of education and talents, well skilled in 
 the science of Free-Masonry, and of respectable standing in the com- 
 uiut-ity.' 
 
 "3. That before this Officer shall enter upon the duties of his office, 
 he shall lecture in the presence of the Grand Lodge; and he shall 
 work, lecture, and instruct the several Lodges in such matters, and 
 according to such forms, as the Grand Lodge may approve and sanc- 
 tion, and none other; according to the Ancient Land Marks, and the 
 Constitution of the Order, lie shall be installed, as the other Grand 
 Officers arc, according to ancient form and custom. 
 
 "4. It shall be the duty of tho Grand Lecturer and Inspector to 
 
168 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 visit all the Lodges in this State, at leant once in each and every year, 
 and as much oftener as may be found practicable. lie shall instruct 
 them in all such matters as may conduce to the harmony, unity and 
 good government of the Masonic family. At every such visit, he shall 
 lecture in one, or more, of the three degrees of Ancient Free-Masonry, 
 and give such explanations of our Kites, Ceremonies, and Customs, as 
 shall demonstrate the excellence and usefulne s of the Masonic Institu- 
 tion. He shall explain the Constitutions of the Order, and "the Rules 
 and Regulations of the Grand Lodge," so as to promote a uniformity 
 of principle and operation in the several Lodges in this State. 
 
 " 5. It shall be the duty of this Officer to receive from the several 
 Lodges, out of Charleston, their Annual Returns, Feis, Dues, &c, and 
 transmit the same to the Grand Treasurer in Charleston ; unless such 
 Returns and Dues shall have been previously trausuiittel by such 
 Lodges to the Grand Treasurer. 
 
 " 6. The Grand Lecturer and Inspector shall receive, annually, from 
 the Graud Lodge, the sum of §500, which shall be considered as a full 
 remuneration for his services and expenses. But should any Subordi- 
 nate Lodge think proper to offer him any additional compensation, for 
 any peculiar trouble he may be at, on their account, he shall be at 
 liberty to accept the same. 
 
 "7. In consideration of the trust reposed in him, the Grand Lec- 
 turer and Inspector shall give security, to be approved of by the Grand 
 Master, in the sum of $1000, for the faithful delivery to the Grand 
 Treasurer, of all monies, &c, which he shall receive on accouut of the 
 Grand Lodge. 
 
 " 8. The Recording Grand Secretary shall immediately give notice 
 iu the public papers, of the intended election of a Grand Lecturer and 
 Inspector^ and require all persons desirous of becoming candidates, to 
 make their applications to him in writing, on or before Wednesday, the 
 15th of January next." 
 
 A protest was read from Richard Maynard, a Past Master of Solo- 
 mon's Lodge No. 1, against the proceedings of that Lodge in electing 
 officers to serve during the ensuing year, who were more than six 
 months in arrears, contrary to the 13th by-law of the Lodge. It was 
 referred to a committee. 
 
 The Grand Lodge proceeded to the annual election of Graud Officers. 
 Bro. John S. Cogdell was reelected Grand Master. 
 
 A special Communication was convened on the 23d of December. 
 
 The committee on the protest of Bro. Maynard, against the election 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. i(j'J 
 
 in Solomon's Lodge No. 1, reported, sustaining the protest and declar- 
 ing; tint the election was illegal. The report was adopted, and a 
 dispensation was issued to Lodge No. 1 to enter into a new election. 
 
 A dispensation was granted to Winnsboro Lodge No. 11, to lay the 
 corner stone of a new Court House at Newberry. 
 
 The committee to whom the subject of a General Grand Lodge 
 was referred, made the following report, which was adopted. Although 
 the Grand Lodge of South Carolina was, as it has been .-ecu, at one 
 period in favor of the organization of a General Grand Lodge, its 
 policy was now changed, and from this time it has strenuously and con- 
 sistently opposed the establishment of such a body. 
 
 " The Committee to whom was referred the communication of the 
 Proceedings of "a number of members of the Society of Free-Masons, 
 from various parts of the United States, composed of members of Con- 
 gress, and strangers, assembled at the Capitol, in the City of Washing- 
 ton, the Oth of March, 1822; recommending the establishment of a 
 General Grand Lodge of tin United States, report: 
 
 " That they bate seriously reflected on the important subject 
 committed to their investigation, that they have also derived much 
 satisfactory information from the luminous and minute details of the 
 various arguments which naturally suggest themselves, from a careful 
 examination of the proposed establishment, contained in the report of 
 many of the Committees of the Grand Lodges of other States. That 
 your Committee are sei.sibly impressed with the conviction that the 
 establishment of a Grand Lodge in each State, under whose jurisdic- 
 tion and superintending care and vigilance, the several Subordinate 
 Lodges are placed aud fostered, is amply sufficient for all the valuable 
 and interesting purposes of the Masonic Order. That, as it does not 
 appear to your Committee any necessity exists for the establishment 
 proposed, in order to promote or advance the interest of the Craft ; 
 so, also, would they deprecate even the possibility, if not the proba- 
 bility, of its producing, in any degree, however remote, any injury to 
 Masonry in general, by its diversion of the parental vigilance of the 
 State Grand Lodges, towards the focus of the General Grand Lodge- ; 
 by the impeding multiplication of its duties and concerns ; by its 
 alienation by distance, from the local concerns and character of the 
 several Subordinate Lodges, as well as the Grand Lodges themselves 
 of the respective States; by its breaking in upon the funds of the 
 several State Grand Lodges, which could be applied so much more 
 cheerfully to the endearing claims of Charity ; or in any other view. 
 
170 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 creating difficulty or disadvantage to the present felicitous situation 
 of the Masonic Order. Your (Jommittce, therefore, take leave to re- 
 commend the following Resolutions, viz : 
 
 " Resolved, That the establishment of a General Grand Lodge of 
 the United States, and the calling a Masonic Convention for the pur- 
 poae of instituting and organizing the same as proposed, is, in the 
 opinion of this Grand Lodge, unnecessary and unadvisable. 
 
 " Resolved, That the Vorrexportdiny Grand Secretary be requested 
 to transmit copies of the foregoing Report and Resolution to the re- 
 spective Grand Lodges throughout the United States, and a copy of 
 the same to William W. Seaton, l^q., at the City of Washington, 
 agreeably to the request contained in the communication referred to 
 your Committee." 
 
 On St. John the Evangelist's day the weather wis very inclement, 
 and, in consequence, there was no procession. The Grand Lodge met 
 in the morning, when the Grand Master installed the rest of the Grand 
 Officers. The Grand Lodge was then called off until six o'clock in 
 the evening, when the Grand Master elect was installed by Past Grand 
 Master Bacot ; Dr. Dalcho, the Grand Chaplain, delivered an address, 
 and the Grand Lodge was closed. 
 
 The new Lodges, named on the registry of this year, are St. Albans 
 No. 38, at Darlington C H., Laureusville Lodge No. 41, at Laurens 
 C. II., and Newberry Lodge No. 44, at Newberry C. II Refore this 
 last Lodge Bro. Job Johnston, subsequently a Deputy Grand Master, 
 and one of the Chancellors of the State, delivered an address, on the 
 Festival of St. John the Baptist. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 171 
 
 CHAPTER XVI 
 
 THE YEAR 1823. 
 
 The Officers of the Grand Lodge fur this year were as follows : 
 
 John S. Cogdell, Grand Muster; 
 
 Isaac M. Wilson, Deputy Grand Master} 
 
 HENRY II BaCOT, Senior Grand Warden} 
 
 William Waller, Junior Grand Warden} 
 
 Rev. Frederick Dalcho, M.D., Grand Chaplain-} 
 
 Charles S. Tucker, Grand Treasurer} 
 
 EDWARD HUGHES, Recording Grand Secretary} 
 
 Isaac A. Johnson, Corresponding Grand Secretary} 
 
 Peter Javain. ) .. . . , , ,. 
 
 y oenwr Urana JJcaeuns; 
 Samuel Beyle, ) 
 
 James C. Norris, ) r . ~ , .. 
 
 V Junior Grand L/eacons; 
 John Innks, j 
 
 ElCIIARD PEARCE, Grand Marshal } 
 
 Benjamin Phillips, Grand Pursuivant } 
 
 Robert Shand, Grand Tiler. 
 
 By some oversight there was no appointment of Grand Stewards for 
 
 this year. 
 
 The Grand Lodge held a special Communication for the election of 
 a Grand Lecturer. Only two letters of application had been received, 
 one from David Vinton, and the other from John Barker. 
 
 Before tliC ballot was taken, a brother aros: and read, not only the 
 notice of the expulsion of Vinton by the Gran 1 Lodge of North Caro- 
 lina, to which reference has : lready been made, but a letter from the 
 Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut, with a copy of a 
 letter which had been directed to him, representing Vinton's conduct 
 in an unfavorable light, as being highly unniasonic. His name was, 
 therefore, by order of the Grand Lodge, withdrawn from the canvass, 
 and Parker «'as, of course, elected. 
 
 John Barker was a native of Connecticut, and a member of Lodge 
 No. in that State. He had come to South Carolina some time pre- 
 
l~-2 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 vious on business, it is supposed, connected with the dissemination of 
 the high degrees. 
 
 He had received his instructions at the North, and was well prepared 
 as a teacher in the mere ritual of Masonry, and further than that very 
 few Masonic lecturers think it necessary, even at this time, to go. 
 There can, indeed, be no doubt that on visiting Charleston he had 
 offered himself as an instructor of the Lodges in the State, and that 
 all the preliminary resolutions adopted by the Grand Lodge, in refer- 
 ence to the appoiutmei.it of a Grand Lecturer, were with a view to the 
 bestowal of the office on him. He had, in fact, appeared before the 
 Grand Officers in December, 1821, and had given the lectures of the 
 three degrees, as it is recorded, " in a very luminous and satisfactory 
 manner." His election was, therefore, a foregone conclusion, and at 
 the present day we cannot regret the action of the Grand Lodge in the 
 premises. The Lodges must, necessarily, have been greatly in need of 
 instruction, and Barker was well qualified, as far as the ritual went, to 
 give it. The Webb or Cross work, for there was no difference between 
 them, at that time pervaded the Uniou, and Barker was in full posses- 
 sion of it. The work taught by him still remains, with but slight and 
 unessential modifications, as the Masonic work of South Carolina, and 
 when correctly given I know of none which surpasses it in beauty, con- 
 sistency, or adhesion to the Ancient Landmarks. There is no doubt, 
 that if Barker were now alive, he would be behind none of our modern 
 teachers in vaunting, and with equal justice, that he was in possession 
 of " the true Webb work." 
 
 Beyond his knowledge of the ritual, I do not find any evidence that 
 he was a man of more than ordinary talent or education. He was, like 
 too many others who assume high positions as Masonic teachers, a mere 
 ritualist, and nothing more. Happy will it bo for Masonry, when some- 
 thing else is demanded of those who undertake to teach its principles 
 or to develop its symbols. 
 
 Barker acted officially as Grand Lecturer for only two years, but re- 
 mained for a long time in the State.* He amassed much money, not 
 only by his fees for instructions, but by the communication of all sorts 
 
 * He was also appointed by the Supreme Council of the thirty-third degree, 
 as its agent, and traveled through the Western States, conferring by this authority 
 the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Rite, and establishing Councils of Royal 
 and Select Masters. I have seen many diplomas of the former and warrants of 
 the latter signed by him in his capacity as a Sovereign Inspector, and Agent of the 
 Supreme Council. 
 
l\ sol Til CAROLINA'. 17;; 
 
 of degrees, for there was a great thirst for Masonic knowledge at that 
 period, and having acquired a respectable competence, he retired to his 
 native State, bought a farm, and died there a few years ago. 
 
 Barker was that evening installed as Grand Lecturer, and having, at 
 subsequent meetings of the Grand Lodge, called for that purpose, on 
 the 26th and 81st of January, and the 2d of February, lectured on the 
 three degrees, he departed for the country to commence his course of 
 instructions, being authorized by a special resolution of the Grand 
 Lodge, to settle the arrears of the Lodges in such manner as he might 
 deem most conducive to the interests of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 28th of March. The Grand Lodge 
 refused the petition of Lodge No. 39, at Columbia, for a remission of 
 its dues for four or five years, as some assistance to it in the construc- 
 tion of a Lodge room. 
 
 The report on the Grand Treasurer's books showed that the amount in 
 the treasury, including the arrears of members, was $4,223. Since 
 the union, there had been a gradual increase in the financial prosperity 
 of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Lodge No. 19, at Laurensville, rent a communication, in which it 
 stated its regret " that the Grand Lodge had so far mistaken its former 
 application as to suppose that it was conditional." At the same timo 
 it transmitted the names of its intended officers With this amende, 
 the Grand Lodge being satisfied, a warrant was issued, and it took its 
 place in the registry of that year as "Laurensville Lodge No. 41." 
 The Lodge became again extinct, but I had the pleasure of assisting in 
 its revival in 1848, when it resumed its old number as "Palmetto 
 Lodge No. 19, " under which designation it still exists as one of the 
 most flourishing Lodges in the jurisdiction. 
 
 Beokhamsville Lodge No. 16, having requested the Grand Lodge to 
 restore a member whom the Lodge had expelled in 1814, the Grand 
 Secretary was directed to inform the Lodge, that every Subordinate 
 Lodg'i possesses the power to reinstate any of its members who have 
 been expelled by its own order. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 27th of June. The Graud Lodge 
 refused to interfere with the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of North, 
 Carolina, by inquiring into the justice of its expulsion of David Vinton. 
 
 Lodge No. 11, at Newberry Court House, was permitted to change 
 its number to 44. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 20th of September. A warrant 
 was granted to Manchester Lodge No. 02, in the village of Manchester 
 
1^4 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 This, which was then a thriving se f tlcment, has long since become a 
 "deserted village," and a single private residence points out the site oi" 
 the old hamlet. The Lodge, with the village, lias become extinct. 
 
 We now arrive at an eventful period in the history of Masonry in 
 this State, which nothing but the fidelity of an historian induces me to 
 record. That noble spirit of emulation, as to who could best work and 
 % best agree, seem^ now for a time to have given place, in the bosoms of 
 some of the most prominent members of the Order in the city, to a 
 sentiment of rivalry, which bade fair to introduce discord into the 
 Grand Lodge, and to mar the beautiful moral symmetry of the insti- 
 tution. All of the actors in the unpleasant occurrences of this period, 
 excepting one, have gone to "that undiscovered country, from whose 
 bourne no traveller returns;" and yet the time is so rec-iit, that I feel 
 justified in treating the subject with as much delicacy and brevity as a 
 due regard to perspicuity will permit. 
 
 The Supreme Council of Sovereign Grand Inspectors General of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Rite had been legally established in Charleston 
 on the 1st of May 1801, and <\j1. John Mitchell had been appointed 
 the presiding officer, with the title of Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 After the death of Col. Mitchell in 1820, Dr. Frederick Dalcho was 
 elevated to that high posit ion. This Supreme Council claimed (and 
 there is no doubt that it legally claimed) jurisdiction over the Ancient 
 and Accepted Kite in the United States. 
 
 In 1813 it came to the notice of the Supreme Council that a Ma- 
 sonic adventurer named Joseph Cerneau. a jeweller in the city of New 
 York, had set up a claim to the establishment of a rival Council in 
 that city. Notwithstanding that Cerneau was almost immediately ex- 
 pelled by the lawful Supreme Council at Charleston, and declared to 
 have "arrogated to himself powers and privileges which never had been 
 lawfully committed to him." he proceeded to establish subordinate 
 bodies in various parts of the Union, and among others a Consistory of 
 Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, or the thirty-second degree, in the 
 city of Charleston, his principal agent being one Peter Javairi. Of 
 this body, Bros. Thomas W. Bacot and John S. Cogdell were lead- 
 ing members. The Supreme Council in Charleston does not appear 
 for a lo.ig time to have meddled with this illegal body, further 
 than quietly to declare its spurious and illegal character when the 
 opinion of any of its members was requested by Masons seeking for in- 
 formation. The prominent members of b>th bodies, the legal Supreme 
 Council, and the irregular Consistory, contiuued harmoniously to work 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 175 
 
 together in symbolic Masonry ami in the labors of the Grand Lodge. 
 Tii^ division was only felt when they came to the higher degrees. 
 
 But in 1820 Col. John Mitchell died, leaving a widow in very desti- 
 tute circumstances. Pressed by the urgent claims of poverty, she 
 parted with the manuscript rituals of the higher degrees, which she 
 found among the papers of her deceased husband, who was, at the time 
 of his death, the Grand Commander of the Supreme Council, to thirteen 
 Masons, no one of whom had proceeded beyond the Royal Arch of the 
 York Kite. These brethren, thoughtless, we must charitably believe, 
 at 6rst, of the violation of Masonic honor which they were committing, 
 united themselves in an association for th" purpose of availing them- 
 selves of the instructions in Masonry which these manuscripts might 
 afford. The spurious Consistory, hearing of these proceedings attempted 
 to influence the '' a. soeiators," as they were called, to what they sup- 
 posed would be a better course, and, in 1821, sought to induce them to 
 surrender the papers and to make application to the Con istory for regu- 
 lar initiation. To this they consented, but as several obstacles arose 
 from constitutional difficulties, and as they were assured in the meantime 
 that the Consistory was not regular, they determined to withdraw their 
 application. The fact that Dr. Dalcho had, when the question was 
 proposed to him, candidly acknowledged the illegality of the Consistory, 
 although he at the same time declared that he intended to take no part. 
 ill the pending difficulty, caused him, involuntarily, to become mixed 
 up with these troubles, for it was supposed by the Consistory that the 
 influence and advice of Dr. Dalcho alone, kept the associators from 
 surrendering the manuscripts and applying for admission into their 
 body. 
 
 In consequence of this a long, and in many respects an unpleasant 
 correspondence, took place bctwec i Messrs T. W. Bacot and Jno. S. 
 Cogdell on the one part, and Dr. Dalcho on the other. Mortified at 
 the estrangement of feeling which seemed on the point of being en- 
 gendered by this Masonic dispute, between himself and two old friends, 
 who were bound to him also by the close tie of membership in the 
 Church of which he was the assistant Minister, Dr. Dalcho withdrew 
 from the Supreme Council, having peremptorily refused to heal the 
 associators. As so m as he had retired, Dr. Isaac Au'd, the next ofl 
 of the Supreme Council, and who then constitutionally succeeded to 
 the prerogatives of the Grand Commander, having no such delicate re- 
 lations with Bros. Bacot and Cog [ell, proceeded to legalize the associ- 
 ators, and, on the 9th of February, 1822, conferred on six of them 
 
17*; HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 the degree of Sublime Prince of the "Royal Secret. This act does not, 
 however, appear to have revived the ill feeling iu the Grand Lodge. 
 Bu* in May, 1822, P. Javain, a leading member of the Cerneau Con- 
 sistory, having denounced the new Consistory which had been formed 
 by the Supreme Council, through the public Gazettes, a brief news- 
 paper war took place between the two parties, which ended in the 
 publication by Joseph McCosh, one of the " associators," in June, 
 1828, of a pamphlet of 140 pages, with the following title : " Docu- 
 ments upon Sublime Freemasonry in the United States of America; 
 being a collection of all the official documents which have appeared on 
 both sides of the question, with Notes and an Appendix. By Joseph 
 3icCosh." 
 
 I have more than ouce attentively perused this work, and impartiality 
 compels me to confess, that while the tpxt contains a true history of 
 the original differences between the Supreme Council at Charleston, and 
 the irregular Consistory of Cerneau, entirely unobjectionable in its 
 character, and principally consisting of the republication of old docu- 
 ments, yet the notes and appendix, which were the production of 
 McCosh, are often couched in offensive language, well calculated to 
 irritate the feelings of those whom he attacked. I have in my pos- 
 session the copy which appears originally to have belonged to Brother 
 Bacot. It is filled with marginal notes and comments in pen and 
 pencil, which clearly show that an angry, and, of course, au unmasonic 
 feeling existed between both parties. 
 
 Irritated at the language used in this pamphlet, and the accusations 
 of perfidy aud error with which they were charged, Brothers Bacot 
 and Cogdell appealed to the Grand Lodge for protection. Here, how- 
 ever, the fraternal services of Dr. Dalcho were again called into requi- 
 sition, and at a special Communication of the' Grand Lodge, which was 
 holdeu on the 31st of October, 1823, a solemn declaration, was read, 
 which had beeu obtained by the Grand Chaplain, a::d which was signed 
 by Joseph McCosh, C. C. Sebring, and Moses Holbrook, the persons 
 paricularly named in the appeal of Brothers Cogdell and Bacot. In 
 this document, they positively declared, "that nothing contaiued in 
 any writing, pamphlet or other publication, supposed to have been made 
 by him or them, or with their knowledge, was, as they firmly believe, 
 intended to injure the personal feelings, the honor or private character 
 of the M. W. Grand Master, or the M. W. Past Grand Master, of the 
 Grand Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of South Carolina; and the said 
 publications are hereby considered as suppressed. And, in considera- 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 177 
 
 tion of the amicable arrangement agreed-upon, Brothers liolbrook and 
 Sebring will return the copy of the said appeal with which they were 
 famished by the Grand Secretary." 
 
 On the other part, Brothers Cogdell and Bacot presented the follow- 
 ing declaration : 
 
 "The Grand Master and Past Grand Master declare, that as they 
 are, and ever have been, sincerely desirous of promoting the harmony, 
 happiness and prosperity of the ('raft; so they likewise declare, that if 
 any thing like personal feeling has appeared on their parts towards any 
 Brother, or any reflectinti thought to have been cast on their honour or 
 character, it was never so intended by them; and, in consideration of 
 the amicable arrangement agreed upon, the Grand Master and Past 
 Grand Master w : ll respectfully recommend to the Grand Lodge, to 
 permit every thing which h. s been laid before them, of every kind and 
 nature whatsoever connected with this subject, to be withdrawn ; and 
 every record of the same on the Grand Secretary's books to be ex- 
 punged; the Committee appointed upon this subject to be discharged, 
 and these declarations and recommendations to be placed on the Jour- 
 nals of the Grand Lodge in their stead." 
 
 These documents were accompanied by the following letter from Dr. 
 Dalcho, which is worthy of being republished, not only because it 
 exhibits him in the pleasing discharge of a "ministry of reconcili- 
 ation," but also because it was his last known communication on the 
 subject of Freemasonry, to which he had devoted so many )ears of his 
 life. 
 
 " Charleston, Oct. 31, 1823. 
 M Respectable and Dear Br<tliren : 
 
 "As indisposition in my family will prevent mo from attending in 
 my place in the Grand Lodge this evening, I respectfully enclose to 
 you the subject-matter of your deliberations. 
 
 "Every friend of the Masonic institution, as well as every member 
 of our Order, muse have felt, i ot only deeply interested, but greatly 
 grieved, at the unhappy difference which, for a few weeks, has existed 
 in the Grand Lodge. As an old Mason, and particularly as a reli i us 
 man, I confess that it produced in my mind the most painful sensations. 
 Believing, as I conscientiously do, that genuine Free Masonry is a 
 powerful auxiliary to the religion L profess, I cannot but be solicitous 
 to see it practiced in its native purity and truth. That charity which 
 covereth a multitude of sins* and (hat Brotherlydove, which makes 
 man tae Ir.end of his specios, arc fundamental principles of both. 
 12 
 
J-78 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 And where these principles are permitted to govera our feelings and our 
 conduct, whether in the domestic and social circle, in the Lodges of 
 the Fraternity, or the community iu which we live, there peace and 
 happiness, the types of celestial enjoyment, must necessarily reigu. 
 
 "Every religious man feels that he holds an important station iu the 
 sphere in which Divine Providence has been pleased to cast his lot. 
 He feels himself connected with the world of spirits, as well as with 
 this; and he judges of everything which passes here, by its probable 
 eifect upon our future state of existence. He knows that Free Masons 
 are under stronger sanctions than other men; and, therefore, that more 
 is required of Free Masons than of others. His heart tells him that 
 man lives not for himself alone; that he is surrounded by humau 
 beings, whom, perhaps, his opinions and example may, in some wise, 
 injure or improve. He feels an accountability resting upon him, which 
 controls his passions and regulates his conduct. He considers himself 
 as a light to the world, to guide the wayfaring man through the jour- 
 ney of life; and to lead him to the temple, 'not made with hands, 
 eternal in the heavens.' And does not the Free Mason, my Brethren, 
 stand on an eminence equally as elevated? Is he not, too; or, I should 
 lather say, ought he not to be, 'a burning and a shining light' to all 
 who walk iu darkness, to those who have no rallyiug point for the 
 moral principle, and no sanctions to constrain their conduct? Doubt- 
 less, my Brethren, they are. Then, ought they not to show, in their 
 lives and actions, the happy influence of Masonic principles over 
 worldly feelings and personal considerations, and be an example for the 
 imitation of others? Unquestionably, my Brethren, they ought. And, 
 to the honor of the Craft be it recorded, that they are many, and, I 
 trust, very many, who are strictly governed by the principles they 
 profess, and who are bright examples to the ignorant and profane. 
 What will come before you, this evening, will confirm this interesting 
 and important truth. 
 
 "Intrusted with the 'ministry of reconciliation,' by Divine au- 
 thority, I interposed between our Brethren, who, unhappily, were at 
 variance, and, as a mutual friend, endeavoured to heal the wounds 
 which misrepresentation and misunderstanding had made. And it 
 gives me real pleasure to state to the Grand Lodge, that from the 
 candid and very honourable and brotherly manner in which my medi- 
 ation was received and accepted by both parties, I feel the delightful 
 assurance that the genuine principles of .our ancient and honourable 
 Order had neither lost their influence over the human heart, nor fled 
 
L\ SOUTH CAROLINA. 17;t 
 
 to other climes. I found in all with whom T had occasion to converse 
 on the subject, a sincere disposition to restore hannouy to the Grand 
 Lodge, and to pour tin: balm of Masonic affection into the troubled 
 bosom. I cauuot express to you, my dear Brethren, the delight it' 
 afforded me to be, under God, the happy instrument of producing this 
 reconciliation. I know, however, that you will see, with me, the im- 
 portant effects it must necessarily produce ou the respectability of our 
 Order, and, with me, will rejoice in the success of my mediation. 
 
 "I now, my Brethren, submit to you the evidence of this happy re- 
 conciliation, and respectfully suggest, that, alter it shall have been read, 
 the following resolution may be proposed for the unanimous consent of 
 the Grand Lodge : 
 
 "Resolved, That the agreement entered into between the M. W. 
 Grand Master and Past Grand Master on one part, and Brothers 
 McCosh, Sebring and Elolbrook on the other part, be considered as 
 highly satisfactory to this Grand Lodge; and that the 'declarations 
 and recommendations' of the said Grand Officers, as set forth in the 
 2d article, be now adopted in conformity with their wishes. 
 
 "Most sincerely offering up my prayer for your individual prosperity 
 and happiness, and the harmony aud increased respectability aud use- 
 ful nos < f your Most Worshipful Grand Lodge, 
 
 "I have the honour to be, very respectfully, your sincere and affec- 
 tionate Brother, 
 
 FREDERICK DALCHO, 
 
 Grand Chaplain." 
 
 Whereupon the resolution proposed by the Grand Chaplain, in the 
 following words, was unanimously adopted : 
 
 " Resolved, That the agreement entered into between the M. \V. 
 Grand Master and Past Grand Master, on the one part, and Brothers 
 McCush, Seining and Ilolbrook, on the other part, be considered as 
 highly satisfactory to the Grand Lodge j and that the ' declarations and 
 .1 Herniations ' of the said Grand Officers be now adopted, in con- 
 formity with their wishes." 
 
 The Grand Master, Bro. Cogdell, then addressed the Grand Lodge 
 in the following language: 
 
 " Brethren, the proceedings of this evening have shown, manifestly, 
 leeming spirit of our Order. 
 
 "They prove the influence of religion over Masonry; they prove 
 
 that tin' principles of the Craft, when they are allowed to bear upon 
 
 occurrences, which, for a moment, disturb the tranquillity ot our 
 
180 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 breasts, like pebbles cast upon tbe bosom of serene and quiet waters, 
 can calm again into peace and harmony all within, and dissipate the 
 clouds, which, for a time, intercepted the warm beams from the source 
 of charity and love. 
 
 " They have this evening rioted out accumulated pride and mortifica- 
 tion, and restored humility ; suppressed all angry passions, the offspring 
 of misrepresentation, and too quick misconception. They have ex- 
 tracted from the torn bosom the poisoned shaft, and healed the wound 
 with the cement of brotherly love. 
 
 " The conduct of the Grand Lodge lias this evening demonstrated 
 that at last our sole dependence must be on the fir.-t great light of 
 Masonry. By its sublime rules we can be safely conducted through all 
 trials and difficulties. By it we are taught to ' seek and we shall 
 find :' to ' knock and it shall be opened unto us ' In applying this 
 divine passage to our Order, I would thus illustrate it : Seek explana- 
 tions of a brother, and conceive no evil. Knock at the door of his 
 heart for admittance. If it be closed, apply the key of true brotherly 
 principles, and enter securely. 
 
 " Suffer me, then, my dear friends, at this last interchange with 
 you, in this way, to warn you against the consequences which follow, 
 either from a neglect, or a disregard, of the lessons for our instruction, 
 as contained in the Book intended to aid our salvation. 
 
 " Wc have, as Brethren, promised to befriend each other; to apprise 
 a Brother of the approach of all danger; to keep each other's secrets, 
 and to do each other no wrong. With these promises ever in our 
 minds, how can we, by any possibility, incur the censure of a Brother? 
 
 " My Brethren, your happiness as men, and as Masons, will be im- 
 proved, if you but resolve, in future, to walk with each other upon the 
 •square, to keep your feel i : g> within due bounds, and to allow no recess 
 of your hearts to be occupied by pride or resentments. Close your 
 cars against the reviler and the uiischief-nn ker. It is contrary to the 
 principles of our Order, either to listen to, or to propagate, evil re- 
 ports against the name, the fame, or the feelings of a Brother. And 
 Masons should give examples of correctness to the rest of mankind, 
 who have not so frequent opportunities of improvement and instruction. 
 
 " In all your interchanges be to each other amiable, kind, forbearing, 
 charitable. And when, in our judgments, we presume to thii k we 
 have cause of anger, let the rising passion be checked by the recollec- 
 tion of that Divine r.ply to Peter's questi m : ' Lord, how oft shall 
 my Brother sin against me, and I forgive him ? till seven times ? 1 say 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 181 
 
 not unto thee, until seven times ; but until seventy times seven.' This 
 reply, my Brethren, wis m ide by One who knew what wa* iu man. 
 Way the Great Architect enable us to profit by there remarks. 
 
 " But the recommendations of Ht. Peter to us as brethren are more 
 important, and I will use them. 
 
 " Here the Grand Master read some passages from the first Epistle 
 of St Peter, and concluded with some appropriate prayers." 
 
 The record thus seems to show an entire restoration of harmony, 
 but I fear chat the record is defective. The exalted brethren who 
 were engaged in this unpleasant controversy, however thoroughly they 
 may have forgiven, do not seem ever to have forgotten the wounds 
 inflicted on their feelings. Tmilitm vloit sub puctore vuluus. The 
 hidden wound still lived within their breast. Immediately after these 
 transactions, both Brothers Cogdell and Dalchj gave notice that they 
 Were no longer candidates for reelection to their respective offices, and 
 at the expiration of the year they withdrew from membership in the 
 Graud Lodge. Neither of them again t,:ok any interest in the proceed- 
 ings of the Order. It was to each the end of his Masonic career. Bro. 
 Bacot pursued a wiser and a more truly Masonic course, and his name 
 continued until his death to be found among the visitors at several of 
 the Communications of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 An Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge was holden at Co- 
 lumbia, orf the 5th and 9th of December. As usual, not a single 
 Grand or Subordinate Officer was present. The chair was taken at 
 both sessions by Ch tries J. Colcock, Past Grand Master. 
 
 The thanks of the Grand Lodge were returned to Brother John S. 
 Cogdtll, "for the faithful manner in which he had discharged the duties 
 of his station " as Grand Master. 
 
 A warrant of Constitution was granted for a new Lodge, at Lancaster 
 C. EI., to be called " Lancasterville Lodge No. 53." 
 
 The Lodge No. 11, at Winnsboro', which had been heretofore 
 known as "Little lliver Lodge," was permitted to change that name 
 to "Winnsboro* Lodge." 
 
 A resolution was adopted and submitted to the Grand Lodge, at 
 Charleston, for approval, remitting all the dues of Lodge No. 39, on 
 condition that it would allow the Grand Lodge the use of its hall, lately 
 erected, free of expense. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 19th of December. The following 
 resolutions, offered by Brother C. C. Scbring, in reference to tho resig- 
 nation of Dr. Dalcho as Grand Chaplain, were adopted : 
 
182 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 "■The Grand Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of South Carolina, 
 having received with regret the resignation of their Chaplain, feel 
 themselves called upon to express their sentiments on this occasion. 
 Dr. Dalcho has heen a distinguished member of this body for upwards 
 of four and twenty years. His profound knowledge of the Masonic 
 Constitutions is universally known; and his learned exposition of the 
 principles, rites and ceremonies of our Order, in two editions of the 
 Ahiman Rezon, published under the sanction of this Grand Lodge, has 
 received the highest approbation in this and several other States. 
 During his long services he has uniformly manifested his love for the 
 Craft, and his reverence for the genuine principles of our ancient and 
 honorable institution. With these remembrances of his great worth, 
 and in accordance with the affectionate feelings of the Grand Lodge, it is 
 
 11 Resolved, That the Grand Lodge deeply regret the late resignation 
 of the Most Reverend Brother Dalcho; and that as a testimonial of its 
 respect for his character, and its grateful acknowledgment of his ser- 
 vices, a Committee be appointed to cause an engraved likeness of him 
 to be made, of such size that it may conveniently be placed in the 
 second edition of the Ahiman Rezon; and that every Lodge and every 
 Brother having a copy of that work, be entitled to a copy of the en- 
 graving to place therein. 
 
 "Resolved, That a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars, be appro- 
 priated for defraying the expense incurred by the foregoing Resolution; 
 and the Grand Master is hereby authorized to give an order on the 
 Grand Treasurer, accordingly." 
 
 This resolution was faithfully carried into effect, and an admirable 
 portrait of Dr. Dalcho was executed by the distinguished artist, Charles 
 Eraser, and engraved by A. B. Durand, which was affixed to many of 
 the copies of the Ahiman Rezon. 
 
 The Grand Master gave notice that copies of the Ahiman Rezon had 
 been transmitted to England, France, the Havana, and each of the 
 Atlantic States in America. 
 
 The Grand Lodge determined that hereafter, at the Quarterly Com- 
 munication in June, an orator for St. John's day should be elected by 
 ballot, and that the performance of that duty should no longer be con- 
 sidered as obligatory on the Grand Chaplain. 
 
 The precedence of the Grand Lecturer was determined, and it was 
 resolved that he should take rank next after the Grand Chaplain, and 
 that his title be that of " Worshipful." 
 
 The Grand Lodge resolved to have a supper on the night of St. 
 John's dav 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLIXA. J S3 
 
 The thanks of the Grand Lodge were returned to the Grand Master, 
 ■with the expression of regret that he declined a further reelection. 
 Brothers Cogdell and Dalcho were then elected honorary members of 
 the Grand Lodge. Although the rules and regulations of the Grand 
 Lodge do not provide for such a position, the custom has since, however 
 irregular, been frequently repeated, as a mark of esteem for distin- 
 guished brethren. 
 
 The finances of the Grand Lodge were, at this time, in a very favor- 
 able condition. The report of the Grand Master showed, that in stock 
 and money, the funds of the Grand Lodge amounted to S4,SS4. 
 
 This being the regular night of election, the Grand Lodge proceeded 
 to ballot for Grand Officers. His Excellency John L. Wilson, ex- 
 Governor of the State, was elected Grand 3Iaster. 
 
 At a special Communication on the 26th of December, a protest of 
 Bro. Solomon Moses, against the election iu Lodge No. 9, was consid- 
 ered. Moses and Heury Samson had been candidates for the office of 
 Junior Warden ; at the election eight votes were cast for Samson and 
 Moses each, and one for David Sarzedas. The by-laws of the Lodge 
 provide that iu the case of a tie, on a second ballot, the Master should 
 give the casting vote. But on this occasiou the Master, without order- 
 ing a second ballot, gave his casting vote in favor of Samson, who was 
 then declared elected. The Grand Lodge pronounced the election 
 "illegal and unconstitutional," and ordered it to be set aside. 
 
 St. John's day, 1823, was celebrated by a procession, oration and 
 feast. The Grand Master was installed by Bro. John Geddes, a Past 
 Grand Master, the late Grand Master, Bro. John S. Cogdell, being 
 absent. The new Grand Master, Bro. Wilson, delivered an able ad- 
 dress to the Grand Lodge, which he concluded by invoking all who 
 might be affected by any unkind or unfraternal feelings, to make them 
 on that day a sacrifice on the Altar of Universal Love. 
 
 The dark shadow of the past year does not seem yet to have with- 
 drawn all its sombre influence. Its penumbra still remained. But a 
 brighter day was already beginning to appear. 
 
 The fraternity then moved in procession to St. Michael's Church, 
 where an appropriate discourse was delivered by the Rev. Bro. Robert 
 S. Symes, the new Grand Chaplain and successor of Dr. Dalcho. 
 
 The brethren then returned to the Lodge room, where the usual 
 thanks were returned, and the Grand Lodge was closed. In the evcu- 
 iuc the aunual feast was celebrated with the usual harmony. 
 
134- HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER XTII, 
 
 THE YEAR 1824. 
 
 The following were the officers of the Grand Lodge for this year: 
 
 His Excellency John L. Wilson, G.and Master; 
 
 Henry H. Bacot, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 William Wallkr, Senior Grand Warifen; 
 
 JAMES C. NoRRIS, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Robert S. S/mes, Grand Chaplain; 
 
 JOHX BARKER, Grand Lecturer; 
 
 Charles S. Tucker, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 Moses Uolbrook, Corresponding Grand Secretary; 
 
 EDWARD HUGHES, Recording Grand Secretary; 
 
 Alex. McDonald, ) ,* . n 7 n 
 
 'J. Senior Grand Deacons; 
 
 II. G. Street, j 
 
 Edward Sebring, ) r . n , '*»_.—.. 
 
 \ Junior Grand Deacons; 
 
 GEORGE 1>. Eckiiard, ) 
 
 Joseph Cole, Grand Marshal; 
 
 Pavid Ross, Grand Pursuivant; 
 
 Joi 
 
 Joh: 
 
 ROBERT SHAND, Grand Tiler. 
 
 »hn Darby, 1 n , e , ,7 
 \ Grand Stewards, 
 
 >hn Mc anally, ) 
 
 A special meeting of the Grand Lodge was holden on the 3d Janu- 
 ary, 18J4. 
 
 A proposition was made by Brother Barker, to change the rules and 
 regulations so as to permit the country Lodges to establish their own 
 fees for initiation, which was referred to a committee. 
 
 A farewell letter was received from the late Grand Master, Brother 
 John S. Cogdell, in which he took the opportunity of expressing his 
 regret, that he permitted a domestic arrangement to withdraw him from 
 attendance on the installation services of St. John's day. 
 
 Providence Lodge No 35 was, on petition, relieved from the pay- 
 ment of two debts due by the old Providence Lodge No 46, to the 
 Grand L dge. 
 
 Unanimity Lodge, formerly No. 57, at Hilton Head, was ordered to 
 
IN SOUTH CAEOLTNA. 185 
 
 be furnished with a warrant on the payment of its arrearages. But as 
 I do not find this Lodge recorded in any of the subsequent registers, I 
 presume that it did not avail itself of the privilege. 
 
 Lodge No. 80, at St. Augustine, formerly held under the jurisdiction 
 of this Grand Lodge, having become extinct in consequence of a decree 
 of the King of Spain, after the cession of the territory to the U.iited 
 States, several of the former members of that Lodge separated from 
 Lodge No 28, then working in that city, with a view of constituting a 
 new Lodge, to wo:k in the Spanish language. Th -y accordingly 
 applied to the Grand Lodge ot South Carolina, and at this communi- 
 cation a warrant was granted t..» " L i Esperanza Lodge No. 47," at St. 
 Augustine, MoriJa. It was, iu fact, considered as a revival of the old 
 Lodge. 
 
 Quarterly Communi?at'on on the 2Gth of M irch, 1824. The petition 
 of Providence Lo> IgJ No. So, to bo released fro n the payment of a 
 debt adopted at the last meeting, was reconsidered and rescinded. 
 
 An important question of Masonic law was settled at this Communi- 
 cation. The jewels of Lodge No. 30, at St. Augustine, having been 
 loaned by the Grand Lodge, on the extinction of that body, 'o Lodge 
 No. 28, at the same place; on the revival of Lodge No. 30, by a part 
 of its members, it was resolved, by th • Grand Lodge, that the loaned 
 jewels shuuld be restored to them. The committee to whom the subject 
 had beeu referred, submitted the following as the opinion of L'r. 
 Dalcho, which was concurred in by the Grand Lodge. 
 
 "The Grand Lodge takes possession of the warraut of constitution 
 of au extinct Lodge as matter of right. 
 
 "The jewels and other property it takes only for safe keeping. 
 These belong to the Lodge, and when revived will be r store 1, unless 
 the Lodge should be in arrears to the Grand Lodge." 
 
 Special Communication on the 22d of April, 1821. A warrant of 
 constitution was granted to Social L >dge No. 04, at Hamburg. 
 
 The committee to whom the resolution of brother Baikcr, proposing 
 to authorize the country Lodges to establish their own fees for initiation 
 had been referred, made a favorable report, wh<Mi it was ordered that 
 they should prepare the necessary amendment to the rules. This was 
 done, and, iu September of this year, the following amend. uent to the 
 21st rule was adopted : 
 
 " Each and every Lodge under this jurisdiction, not located in 
 Charleston, shall, from and after the adoption of this Kule, have the 
 privilege of establishing its owu fees for couferriug the several degrees 
 
186 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 • 
 of Fre ; M iso.'.ry ; an 1 s> nvt-h of th>; 21st II i'c of the ' Ru'es and 
 Regulations of the Grand Lodge of Ancient Free Masons of South 
 Carolina' as relates to the fees to bo paid to t' e country Lodges by 
 candidates at their initiation, shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed : 
 I rovidrd, that the clause of the said 21st Rule, directing the sum of 
 one dollar to be p iid by candidates at initiation in this d gree, for the 
 use of the Grand Loige, stand iu full force: And provided utso, that 
 it shall not be deemed regular f.r any Lodge in the country to confer 
 any of the degrees of Free- Masonry on a sojourner or transient person, 
 whose usu.il place of resilience is within the jurisdiction of any of the 
 Subordinate Lodges in this State, for a sum less than twenty-nine dol- 
 lars : And in case any L idge shall confer the degrees of Entered Ap- 
 prentice, Fellow Craft, or Mast r Mason, contrary to this provision, 
 such L dgj shall, on demand, p ty over to t!e Lodge nearest the candi- 
 date's fixed place of abode, the whole amount of fees which the Lodge, 
 w thin w' osc jurisdiction he may usually reside, shall be eutitled to for 
 hL initiations : And provide ' a/so, that no Lodge shall, in any case, 
 reduce its charge for initiation to a su n less than sixteen dollars." 
 
 The committee who proposed, and the members of the Grand Lodge 
 who accepted, this alteration, by which a difference was made in the 
 priee of initiation in different parts of the jurisdiction, were governed 
 by the following views: 
 
 Whin tin dif:i\.'ii;e in the valin of in mey in different parts of the 
 State is con.Mdnred, it see ns ubvi >u$ thit a su.n which w.mld be con- 
 sidered udequ te iii one part of th : State to prevent too easy an access 
 into our mysteries, might in another be deemed oppressive, and amount 
 to a prohibition of further initiations. The reasoning appears logical, 
 and I am not pivpuvd to deny the prudence of the rule, although the 
 exp rience o. the wisdo u of future Grand Lodges thought it necessary 
 to return to the old rule of uniformity of prices. 
 
 Attention now began to be paid to the condition of the Grand Lodge 
 library, and the committee on books were ordered to take the necessary 
 measures for its speedy increase. 
 
 Special Communication on the 24th of April, 1826, for the purpose 
 of attending the funeral of Bro. John Langton, Past Grand Treas- 
 urer. 
 
 Special Communication on the 10th day of May, 1824, to consider 
 the cases of Bros. Baldwin and Fitch. 
 
 Daniel Baldwin aud A. Fitch had been definitely suspended by 
 Columbia Lodge No. 39. The terra of suspension having terminated. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 187 
 
 Lod»\- \o. 30 refused to restore them to the privileges of membership, 
 whereupon they appealed to the Grand Lodge. 
 
 It was ordered that Lodge No. 39 show cause, at the Quarterly Com- 
 munication in June, why the said Baldwin and Fitch s!i. uld not be 
 restored to their late suspended rights as members of ihu said Lolge. 
 
 Special Communication on tlie 9th of Juno to attend the 'uncial of 
 Robert Shand, late Grand Tiler. As a token of respect the members 
 of the Grand Lodge were directed to wear crape on the left arm for 
 thirty days, an 1 the sy ubols an J furniture of tin Grand L<>dgc were 
 dressed in mourning at the tiexl Quarterly Communication. 
 
 Special Communication on the 23d of June. 1824, to a*t nd the 
 funeral of Bro dames Gall »way, who, for many years, had been the 
 keeper of the Masonic Hall in this city, and in whose hou e many of 
 the Lodges had been accusto ncd to meet. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 25th nf ;u ie, 182+ T e snbj 'ct 
 of the restoration of Brothels Baldwin and Fitch, which had b en ie- 
 ferred to this Communication, wis pistponKl at th • request of Bro. 
 Benj. F. Dunkiu, the proxy of L>dgc 39, until his return from the 
 country. 
 
 The Grand Master gave notice .'at he had appointed Bro. John 
 Roche Grand Tiler, and he was accordingly introduced ami installed 
 
 Special Communication on.the Uth oi August, 1 s_ 4 . The Grand 
 Lodge refused to adopt a resolution providing for the annual election 
 of an Orator for St. John's day. 
 
 Liberty Hill Lodge No. 42 was required to show cause why llol ert 
 Blair, expelled by said Lodge, should not b< restored to all the privi- 
 leges of Masonry. 
 
 On an appeal of Charles Pickett, from a decision of Mount Pleas-ant 
 Lodge No. 49, it was resolved that the Lodge should appoint Bonie 
 worthy brother, the appellant another, and these two a third ami that 
 these three should constitute a committee, with full power and authority 
 to inquire into all the matters and differences between Pickett and 
 others, and to report to the Grand Lodge the result of the investi- 
 gation, together with their opinion and advice thereon. This was, in 
 fact, the appointment, but in an irregular way, of a oommissitn, a 
 mode which was never afterwards adopted by the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 24th of September, 1824. A 
 motion made by Bro. Moses Holbrook was adopted, "that a co imittee 
 of five be appointed to take iuto consideration the propriety of i latkut- 
 
|38 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 ing an Asylum for indigent orphans of our deceased brethren, and, if 
 expedient, to devise some plau for carrying the same into effect." 
 
 The report of the committee was made at the Quarterly Communica- 
 tion in March, 1825, and will be found in its proper place. 
 
 The conduct of the Grand Lecturer, Barker, does not appear to have 
 giv^n entire satisfaction, for, at this Communication, a resolution was 
 adopted to dispense with the office of Grand Lecturer and Inspector. 
 Barker resigned, at a subsequent Communication, his membership in 
 the Grand Lodge, but he did not immediately leave the State, but con- 
 tinued the dissemination of the high degrees under the authority of 
 the Supreme Council 
 
 Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge at Columbia on the 
 3d of December, IS24. For the fist time since the adoption of the 
 rule, directing" tht an Annual Communication should be held at that 
 place, the Grand Master presided over its deliberations. He was, 
 however, the only Grand Officer in attendance, and his presence is 
 probably to be attributed to the fact that he was, as Governor of the 
 State, obliged to be in Columbia at that time. 
 
 L dge No. 16, at Beckhamsville, requested instruction as to the pro- 
 priety of admitting a candidate who was lame from white swelling, 
 which they thought would n:>ver injure him. The matter was referred 
 by the Gran J Lodge to the Lodge for decision. This was undoubtedly 
 a timid declination of duty on the part of the Grand Lodge, who 
 should have decided the question in one way or another. 
 
 A communication was received frjin Lodge No. 49, requesting the 
 instruction of the Grand Lodge on the following quLStious, as necessary 
 to a case depending in the Court of Common Pleas in Fairfield District, 
 wherein Brother Charles Pickett is defendant : 
 
 1st. Whether a Brother is at liberty to discover by way of testi- 
 mony, any fact which transpired within the Lodge, or in Masonic con- 
 fidence ? 
 
 2d. Whether a Lodge is at liberty to authorize the promulgation of 
 a communication, made in the form of charges by ore Brother against 
 another, containing criminal accusations, if they believe them ground- 
 less and malicious ? 
 
 In reply, it was unanimousl resolved, " that it is the opinion of this 
 Grand Lodge, that ueither a brother nor a Lodge has the right to pro- 
 mulgate such a communication. 
 
 Adjourned Communication at Columbia on the 6th December, 18-4. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 189 
 
 No Grand Officer was present, and no business of any importance was 
 transacted. A communication from Columbia Lodge No. 89, on the 
 subject of the inequality of representation in the Grand Lodge, was 
 referred to a meeting of that body in Charleston. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 7th of December. 1824. The 
 annual election of officers took place, and John Geddes was elected 
 Grand Master. 
 
 It was o dercd that a procession should take pi ce on St. John's day. 
 
 Special Communication on the 24th of December, 1824. It was 
 resolved, that a committee be appointed to procure the five Orders of 
 Arehitec ure for the use of the Grand Lodge. This was dune, but the 
 articles of furniture were subsequen ly destroyed in the gr at fire of 
 1S38, and have never since bee; replaced. 
 
 The following resolution was proposed by Brother Samuel Seyle. It 
 was laid over for consideration, and was not finally a (opted until the 
 30th of September in the following year. It has, however, since that 
 time prevailed as a ruling principle in the jurisdiction of this State, 
 and the usage has been uniform to exempt minister* of religion from 
 the expenses of initiation : 
 
 "Whereas, no man can be a Mason unless he believes in the true 
 and living God, to whom we all bow: and whereas those who have 
 devoted themselves to the altar o.f Jehovah as his ministers, do cheer- 
 fully administer at the Masonic altar, after having been made acquaint- 
 ed with the secrets of the Craft, and are helps aud lights to us in many 
 situations: therefore, 
 
 " Readied, That the Grand Lodge of Ancient Free-Masons of South- 
 Carolina will not require from the Subordinate Lodges under its juris- 
 diction, any fee for the entering passing or raising any person who is 
 regularly and properly acknowledged by the religious denomination to 
 which ho belougs, to be a minis'er cf God according to their usages, 
 nor require any annual contribution on his account." 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated. The 
 Grand Lodge, with the Craft, met in the morning at the Grand Lodge 
 room. 
 
 Brother Jervis II. Stevens, Past Deputy Grand Master, installed the 
 Grand Master elect, Brother John Geddes, who then installed the other 
 Grand and Subordinate Officers. 
 
 The Grand Master delivered an address, which I am happy to be 
 able to preserve for futu e reference. It is an able production lor the 
 times, aud shows that even at that early period the philosophic priuci- 
 
190 HISTORY OF FREEMASOxNfRY 
 
 pi ■• of . •oeniasjnry, now so well understood, had already been begun 
 to be cultivated by some few Masonic disciples in (his jurisdiction. 
 The atte iiptcd expla atio i of ihe origin of the two Johannite festivals 
 is far in advance of the lame and impotent conclusions to which Dr. 
 Daleho was leading the Craft, in the notes to the second edition of his 
 A hiii!?u) Kvzuti. 
 
 The disc.our<e is, therefore, published entire, as a nut unworthy con- 
 trib tion to the dasonio literature of the State. 
 
 Inau jural Address by John Geddes, M.-.W.-. Grand Master 
 of iIasons of South Carolina, 27th December, A. •....-. 5824. 
 
 llespected <ni.it worthy Brethren of litis Most Worshipful G rand Lodge : 
 
 " Advanced by your suffrages once more t.i the distinguished statiou 
 of presiding over this illus'rious body — this Masonic Senate of the 
 State — with grateful emotions, I assure you, I shall endeavour to dis- 
 charge the duy imposed upon me to ih' best of my abilities, with 
 mildness, impartiality and brotherly love, which are essential puints in 
 the Grand I onstitutions uf our glorious Order. 
 
 "My b st exe.tions in this ofiiee will, I freely confess, appear feeble 
 when put in compuri on with the ready talents and abilities of him 
 wiio.ii 1 now succeed, and 1 cheerfully ag'ee with the sentiments and 
 opinions lie so happily expressed when entering upon the duties of this 
 important office. Although 1 should fail in attempting to describe 
 the. n with his strong and expressive language, yet I will not fail in my 
 earnest endeavours to be always punctual and impartial; nor shall any- 
 thing cause iih* to dispense with any of the rights and privileges of this 
 honourable post In elevating me to the honourable office of presiding 
 over you, my Brethren, you could not have expected me to display 
 those talents winch I do not possess— you must have only calculated 
 upon my :.e d in the cause, upon my willingness to serve you; . nd you 
 shall not he disappointed. 
 
 "But while saying thus much for myself, and while paying a just 
 tribute of respect to one now languishing upon the bed of pain, we 
 must not fo'get that 'this is Mason's festive day,' and the inte-esting 
 consideration expands all the charms o! our assembling; our portals on 
 this solemnity are opened to every Lodge and to every degree; the 
 light of this happy anniversary fills every Freemason's bosom with joy 
 and d'light; this pie isi tig festival unites the brotherhood in bonds of 
 frie i Iship, love and charity, and affords us the happiness and favour of 
 meeting workmen i'roiu ino-l of our temples iu the Christian world. 
 
• IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 191 
 
 "Tn the reflective mint], Ihe solemnity we now celebrate presents 
 so. ne striking difficulties, as 111:13 Du se " '" tne r,otcs tn ,)UI ' s * 
 Ahiman Rezon. What reasonable connexion, 1 would respectfully ask, 
 can you possibly establish between the St. Johns and Free-Masonry ? 
 In vain do you hold for me the light of sacred history; in vain do I 
 with eager curiosity turn to the lives of the two St Johns; for nothing 
 in either satisfactorily dissipates the deep and dark shades in which the 
 subject is enveloped. 
 
 "Let us then turn our attention to the only remaining source of light 
 upon this subject, and examine into the ///•>' principles of the respect- 
 able institution of which we all feel proud to be partakers. Here 
 every thing is mysterious, every thing is emblematical ; every won! that 
 strikes the car, every object that meets the eye. each brings to our re- 
 collection those sublime ideas, those learned lectures, which arj un- 
 derstood only by the elected and the free. From thtse principles, 
 then, we could pursue the investigation, and satisl'aett rily establish the 
 fact, that Free-Masonry has an intimate connexion, and, in many 
 respects, closely imitates the sacr d mysteries of t!.e ancients, clothed 
 in some new dress and forms, rendered necessary to correspond with 
 the changes wrought in modern morals and Ijy the Christian r. ligion. 
 Through all antiquity, th • longest and the shortest d ivsof the year were 
 festivals celebrate! with sole. an religi >us cere .11 >nies. Whether in 
 Persia or in India, on the borders of the fruitful Nile, 0.* on the plains 
 and hi. Is of Greece, 'he Pagan altars smoked with the blood of their 
 victims, and with the incense offered to Heaven. History is full of 
 these religious celebrations at the solstice-. 
 
 "The regenerators of Free-Masonry doubtless had in view, in select- 
 ing the two St. Johns as the patrons of Free- .Masonry, something more 
 noble and consistent than the pretended honours rendered to Apollo, 
 to Hercules, or to Bacchus, an 1 hence they clothed our sacred mysteries 
 in a dress more suitable to Christian morals and the Christian religion; 
 they preserved for us th long cherished festivals of the so'stices; hey 
 Consulted the calendar, and St. John the U.iptHt and St. John the 
 Evangelist acquired the honour of being regarded as the guardians 
 and patrons of Free-Masons in every quarter of the Christian globe 
 
 "Or again, as an ingenious explanation for celebrating our fes ivals at 
 the times of the longest and shortest days of the year, suppose the 
 word John, B name now BO revered among the Free-Masons, might 
 originally have signified what we n( present express by the word 
 auLtice, aud that the regcucrutors of our. Drier proposed to contiuue 
 
192 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 the celebration of these long established epochs of the year, and all 
 difficulties of connexion vanish This explanation, which we have 
 copied, is only for your ronsi.de ration, not for your belief. But, as 
 Free-Masonry is totally independent of particular religions, and equally 
 belongs to all ages and to all countries, we must add, that these days 
 were not selec.ed to offer prayers to the guirdian saints whose names 
 They bear; there is, you all well know, no resemblance iu our cere- 
 monies to support such a supposition. 
 
 "With these views of the universality of Free-Masofiry, we can duly 
 and easily appreciate the strong feeling?* which agitated the breast of 
 every Brother present in the Grand Lodge of France, in December, 
 1809, when the mast illustrious Brother Prince Askeri-Kiian, possessed 
 of all the laurels and honours which could be heaped upon him in his 
 native country, having arrived as the Persian Amba-sad >r from his 
 sovereign to 'the Great Nation.' to be instructed in the further 
 knowledge of men and the sciences, was announce 1 at the door as a 
 Free-Mason. All local prejudices were instantly forgotten; and the 
 liberty of religious opinions, and those moral principles which are uni- 
 versal and invariable, were al ne recollected. 
 
 " But to recur to the day we ate celebrating. It is in 3ur institution 
 a highly interesting object to contribute our share to the h ppiness of 
 th ; whoie human race ; to unite the natural and moral light with the in- 
 tellectual ; and whatever can promote this important point of our duty, 
 cannot be foreign to a Free Mason's bosom. 
 
 " The Festival of St. John the Evangelist is, as it were, the very foun- 
 dation, the corner stone of our Order; it is the hinge upon which the 
 whole fabric turns, or the very pivot upon which the system revolves; 
 it co npletes, it commences, the Masonic year ; and it has often been 
 cited among the proofs off red to reconcile the antiquity of our mys- 
 teries, and their identity with those of the Greeks and Romans. To 
 remind you of the fabled Janus with his d >uble face, '■et qnoil a teiyo, 
 et quod ante vidrns,' would furnish too long developments for the pre- 
 sent occasion. It canuot have escaped your recollection, that this was 
 an apt emblem of the past and of the future — of the ending of oue 
 year and the beginning of another. In our Order, the past is a series 
 of glory and felicity, and may the future bj an increase in fruition of 
 richer expectations for the Craft. 
 
 "Let us then, my respected Brethren, practice the virtues of our 
 adopted guardian, the patron of this auspicious day, with fervency and 
 ztul } that our lives may be useful on earth, and our souls acceptable in 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 193 
 
 Heaven. In the path of duty let us walk regardless of opposition, 
 fearing nothing hut disobedience to the laws of our Great Grand Master 
 above; and may we here make a sacrifice upon the altar of love, of all 
 selfish and party feelings, (if any such exist,) that mounting aloft upon 
 the theological ladder seen in the vision of Jacob, we may ascend to 
 'the house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens,' and there be 
 received by the benefit of the pass-word, a Saviour's righteousness, 
 into the Grand Lodge above, where humanity, philosophy and intelli- 
 gence, with love divine, are indestructible and eternal." 
 
 After the delivery of this address, the Fraternity proceeded to the 
 Circular Church, where they heard an appropriate discourse from the 
 lips of the Grand Chaplain, Rev. Brother A. W. Leland, a copy of 
 which was requested, to be deposited in the archives of the Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 The Grand Feast was duly celebrated in the evening. 
 
 The following Lodges are reported on the registry of the jurisdiction 
 for the year 1824. Several of them had, however, become dormant 
 or extinct, and some had forfeited their warrants for non-payment of 
 dues to the Grand Lodge : 
 
 No. 1, 
 
 Solomon's, 
 
 at Charleston. 
 
 o 
 
 "J 
 
 Franklin, 
 
 
 3, 
 
 L'Etoile Renaissant, 
 
 
 4, 
 
 Union Kilwinning, 
 
 
 6, 
 
 Union, 
 
 
 7, 
 
 Washington, 
 
 
 8, 
 
 Union, 
 
 
 9, 
 
 Friendship, 
 
 
 10, 
 
 St. Andrew's, 
 
 
 11, 
 
 Winnsboro', 
 
 Winnsboro'. 
 
 13, 
 
 St. John's, 
 
 Charleston. 
 
 14, 
 
 Orange, 
 
 it 
 
 15, 
 
 King Solomon's, 
 
 Cheraw. 
 
 16, 
 
 Beckhamsville, 
 
 Rocky Creek. 
 
 17, 
 
 Good Intention, 
 
 Pensacola, Fla. 
 
 18, 
 
 Chester, 
 
 Chester C. H. 
 
 19, 
 
 Church Hill, 
 
 Abbeville District 
 
 20, 
 
 Harmony, 
 
 Edisto Island. 
 
 21, 
 
 Pythagorean, 
 
 Charleston. 
 
 99 
 
 Harmony, 
 
 Beaufort. 
 
194 
 
 H1ST0KY OF FREEMASONRT 
 
 No. 23; 
 
 Perfect Friendship, 
 
 at St. Helena. 
 
 25 
 
 Marion, 
 
 Marion C. H. 
 
 26 
 
 Sumterville, 
 
 Sumter C. H. 
 
 27, 
 
 Newberry District, 
 
 Hogg's Store, Newberry District. 
 
 28 
 
 Floridian Virtues, 
 
 St. Augustine, Florida. 
 
 29, 
 
 Kershaw, 
 
 Camden. 
 
 30, 
 
 Mount Moriah. 
 
 Pipe Creek, Beaufort District. 
 
 31, 
 
 Recovery, 
 
 Greenville C. H. 
 
 32, 
 
 Philanthropic, 
 
 Yorkville. 
 
 34, 
 
 Union, 
 
 Abbeville District. 
 
 35, 
 
 Prudence, 
 
 Charleston. 
 
 36, 
 
 La Candeur, 
 
 il 
 
 37 
 
 St. John's, 
 
 Santee. 
 
 38, 
 
 St. Alban's. 
 
 Darlington C. H. 
 
 39, 
 
 Columbia, 
 
 Columbia. 
 
 40 
 
 Winyaw, 
 
 Georgetown. 
 
 41 
 
 Laurensville, 
 
 Laurensville. 
 
 42 
 
 Liberty Hill, 
 
 Liberty Hill, Kershaw District. 
 
 43 
 
 Union C. H., 
 
 Union C. H. 
 
 44, 
 
 Newberry C. H., 
 
 Newberry C. H. 
 
 46 
 
 Edgefield, 
 
 Kirksey's Store. 
 
 47 
 
 La Esperanza, 
 
 St. Augustine, Fla. 
 
 48 
 
 Mount Hope, 
 
 Pocotaligo. 
 
 49 
 
 Mount Pleasant, 
 
 Dutchman's Creek, Fairfield District 
 
 52 
 
 Manchester, 
 
 Manchester. 
 
 53 
 
 , Jackson, 
 
 Lancaster C. H. 
 
 54 
 
 , Social, 
 
 Hamburg. 
 
 The Lodges which made returns reported an aggregate membership 
 of 777. There was probably double that number of Masons in the 
 jurisdiction at that time. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 195 
 
 CHAPTER XVII 1. 
 
 THE YEAR 1825. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1825: 
 
 JOHN Geddes, Grand Master; 
 
 Benjamin F. Hunt, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 WxM. II. WlLSON, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 Thomas D. Condy, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 AARON W. Leland, Grand Chaplain; 
 
 Moses IIolbrook, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 George B. ECKHARD, Corresponding Grand Secretary ; 
 
 Edward Hugues, Recording Grand Secretary; 
 
 Alex. McDonald, ) 
 
 H. G. Street i Senior Grand Deacons; 
 
 Francis G. Deliesseline, ) 
 
 Thomas R. Saltar, J Junior Grand Deacms : 
 
 C. C. Sebring, Grand Marshal : 
 
 Joseph Cole, Grand Pursuivant . 
 
 John Darby, 
 
 Mark Marks, I 
 
 7 Tvr * r Grand Stewards; 
 
 John McAnally, | 
 
 Joseph Samson, ) 
 
 John Roche, Grand Tiler. 
 
 The first meeting held this year was a special Communication on 
 the 28th of January, 1825. 
 
 The former committee on the Masonic Asylum was discharged, and 
 a new committee appointed, consisting of Brothers Moses Holbrook, 
 G. B. Eckhard and James Eyland. 
 
 In the case of Baldwin and Fitch, whom Lodge No. 39 had refused 
 to restore to membership after the period of their suspension hail 
 expired, and on which account the Lodge had been called upon to 
 show cause why they did not restore them, a resolution was adopted, 
 declaring "that, as in the opiniou of this Grand Lodge, the privilege 
 of membership is within the exclusive control of Subordinate Lodges, 
 the cause shown is sufficient, and the rule be discharged." 
 
196 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 This resolution was contrary to former as well as subsequent decisions 
 of the Grand Lodge, though in accordance with the views of Masonic 
 jurisprudence then, as now, generally entertained by the Grand Lodges 
 of the Union. It is, however, undoubtedly a violation of all the vested 
 rights of Masons, as well as of the general principles of justice. Clearer 
 views are now slowly beginning to be entertained by Masonic jurists on 
 this subject. 
 
 In a Report made at this meeting by the Corresponding Grand Secre- 
 tary, who was a Mason of much information, the doctrine was incident- 
 ally laid down, that when notice of expulsion, by a Subordinate Lodge, 
 is not communicated to the Grand Lodge, nor the expulsion confirmed 
 by it, it is no expulsion. This is the principle which has always since 
 been maintained in this Grand Lodge. It is, however, not reconcilable 
 with the spirit of the resolution just referred to, in relation to the ex- 
 clusive control of membership by the Subordinate Lodges. Masonic 
 jurisprudence had, however, net yet become a science. 
 
 A communication was received from Washington Lodge No. 7, re- 
 questing the Grand Lodge to convene, on the arrival of Gen. LaFayette, 
 for the purpose of paying him due respect. No notice was taken of it 
 at that time. 
 
 Lodge No. 5, in Charleston, asked for permission to surrender its 
 Charter and unite with No. 14, at the same time requesting that, as 
 their object was to lessen the number of Lodges in the city, their Char- 
 ter might never again be given out of the city. The union was per- 
 mitted, but the number was, subsequently, given to Lodges No. 7 and 
 8, which, in the course of the year, had similarly united. 
 
 Special Communication on the 25th of February, 1825. This Com- 
 munication was called for the purpose of making the necessary arrange- 
 ments for the reception of Gen. LaFayette, who was expected in the 
 course of the following month to visit the city of Charleston, as a part 
 of his triumphant progress through the country as " the nation's 
 guest" — a nation which, in the maturity of its manhood, was gratefully 
 returning to him these tokens of its affection and gratitude for the 
 services he had rendered it when in the struggle of its infancy. 
 
 The Grand Lodge adopted a resolution to invite LaFayette, on his 
 arrival in the city, to partake of a Masonic dinner, and the Grand Mas- 
 ter accordingly addressed a letter to him, announcing the invitation in 
 the most flattering terms. But the brief period which his other en- 
 gagements permitted him to stay in Charleston, prevented him from ac- 
 cepting the invitation. 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 197 
 
 LaFayette arrived in South Carolina on the 6th of March, 1825, 
 and on that day was welcomed in the town of Cheraw, by appropriate 
 demonstrations of grateful regard. 
 
 On the 9th day of March, LaFayette assisted in the town of Camden in 
 removing and re-interring the remains of Barou DeKalb, and in laying 
 the corner stone of a monument to that hero, the ceremonies being under 
 the charge of Kershaw Lodge, No. 29. 
 
 At 12 o'clock meridian a procession was formed, consisting of mili- 
 tary and civic societies and a large number of citizens, Kershaw Lodge 
 and many visiting brethren being at the head. The remains were thus 
 conducted to the yard in front of the Presbyterian Church, where, after 
 prayer by the Rev. Robert McLeod, the remains of DeKalb were de- 
 posited in the vault, the Masonic body giving the usual public Grand 
 Honors. 
 
 The dispensation of the Grand Lodge was, with the usual implements, 
 pres2nted by Abraham DeLeon, the Master of the Lodge, to Gen. 
 LaFayette, who then laid the corner stone of the monument in due 
 Masonic form, and returned the tools to Robert Mills, the Architect, 
 with the usual expression of confidence in his skill. 
 
 The monument was subsequently completed, and still remains a hand- 
 some and attractive testimony of the patriotism and zeal of the citizens 
 and Masons of Camden, and a pleasing reminiscence of the visit of "the 
 nation's guest" to that city. 
 
 On the 14th of March he arrived in the city of Charleston, and was 
 received with the most enthusiastic demonstrations of regard. 
 
 On the 16th he was waited on by deputations from South Carolina 
 Encampment No. 1, of Knights Templar, of Charleston, and LaFayette 
 Encampment, of Georgetown. He received the Knights in the Hall of 
 St. Andrew's Society, where quarters had been furnished him by the 
 City Council, and invited them to au audience in his private room, 
 where Dr. Moses Holbrook, the Grand Commander, and the other Tem- 
 plars, were introduced by the Rev. Cheever Felch, of the United States 
 Navy. 
 
 In reply to the complimentary address of the Grand Commander, 
 LaFayette said : 
 
 "lam extremely happy in receiving this testimony of your respect and 
 esteem. During my present visit to this country, the attentions of my 
 Masouic brethren have afforded me the greatest pleasure. I wish them 
 every prosperity. It is with pain that I have to regret that my hurried 
 visit through the Southern section of the Union does not allow me to 
 
298 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 accept those brotherly and friendly invitations of the Fraternity, which 
 have been offered me in this city. Nothing, since my arrival in this 
 countrv, has afforded me more gratification than the kind favors I have 
 received from my brethren. I beg you to assure the Masonic Institu- 
 tion to which you belong, that the reasons which I have already assigned 
 only prevent me from accepting the invitation which the Grand Lodge 
 of South Carolina has teudered. 
 
 " Knights, Companions, you will accept my best wishes for your Ma- 
 sonic and individual prosperity and happiness. Should I ever stand in 
 need of defence, I can rely on your Order." 
 
 He was then addressed by Sir James Coggeshall, in behalf of LaFayette 
 Encampment, at Georgetown. In reply, the General expressed his gra- 
 tification at the honor the Encampment had done him in selecting his 
 name and in electing him an honorary member. 
 
 The Supreme Council of the Thirty-third Degree bad, on the 16th of 
 September, 1824, passed a resolution that, on the arrival of LaFayette 
 in the city, the members would, as a mark of the respect they enter- 
 tained for his virtues, offer to confer on him the Thirty-third and ap- 
 pendant Degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Ilite. Unfortunately, 
 during his visit to New York, he had been induced, through utter 
 ignorance of its authority, to receive the Degrees of the Pike from the 
 spurious body which had been established there by Cerneau. On his 
 arrival in Charleston, some attempt was made, by private persons, to 
 explain to him the illegitimate nature of the authority which had been 
 imposed upou; but respect for the peculiar delicacy of his position pre- 
 vented the Supreme Council from officially intruding on him, and he, 
 therefore, received no visit from that body. 
 
 The spurious Consistory of the Thirty-second, which had been estab- 
 lished in Charleston, by Cerneau, does not seem to have been actuated 
 by the same feelings of delicacy, and that body, accordingly, paid him 
 an official visit, and invited him to attend a meeting, which invitation 
 he declined on the plea of his brief stay, but really, I have been in- 
 formed, because he was unwilling to take any part in the unfortunate 
 dissensions which were then existing among the Craft. 
 
 The visit of the spurious Consistory gave offence to many Masons, 
 and public notice was taken of it iu the newspapers in very harsh terms 
 by some anonymous writer. 
 
 On the whole, the Masonic demonstrations towards this illustrious 
 visitor were of a less imposing character in Charleston than in any other 
 city of the Union; but this apparent want of respect is to be solely at- 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. I99 
 
 tributed to the unpleasant and discordant condition of the Craft at the 
 time of his visit, and not to any want of veueratiou and affection for his 
 character and person. 
 
 Quarterly Communication 011 the 25th of March, 1825. A report on 
 the Grand Treasurer's books showed that the funds of the Grand Lodge 
 amounted to $5,551. 
 
 The Committee on the Asylum for the orphans of deceased brethren 
 made the following report, which was ordered to lie on the table. Al- 
 though the measures then recommended have never yet been carried 
 into effect, yet the very proposal of such a plan was an evidence that a 
 portion of the Fraternity fully appreciated the benevolent character of 
 the institution, and the record of even an attempt to do good is well 
 worthy of preservation. The report is in these words : 
 
 " The Committee to whom were referred the motion of Brother Moses 
 Holbrook, to report upon the practicability of establishing an Asylum 
 for Orphans of indigent Brethren in this State, and to devise some plan 
 for carrying the same into effect, respectfully beg leave to offer the fol- 
 lowing outline of a plan : 
 
 " The Committee are fully aware of the long time necessary to carry 
 the same into operation, even if it should be unanimously adopted. 
 The sooner, therefore, it shall be adopted, the sooner may its fruits be 
 realized. The final decision upon the question by the Grand Lodge, is 
 not asked at present. The plan is submitted for the benefit of learning 
 the opinion of the Country Lodges, without whose aid it can never suc- 
 ceed. 
 
 " Whereas the establishment of an Asylum for the educating and in- 
 structing the helpless orphans of a deceased brother would give an ad- 
 ditional claim to the support and esteem of the generous, prudent and 
 reflecting part of the community, and furnish to the scoffing and skep- 
 tical part, a strong proof of the real benevolence of the views and priu 
 ciples of Freemasonry, and would recommend itself to the philanthropic 
 feeling of every good mau ; and whereas it would moreover create for 
 our society and for itself an imperishable monument of credit and re- 
 nown, as it contemplates to lay the foundation for a great, a lasting and 
 valuable public charity, which will transmit to all succeeding ages, gen- 
 erous and irresistible evidence of the influence which the genuine prin- 
 ciples of Freemasonry have upon the practice of all those who profess 
 to be its disciples and followers : Therefore, 
 
 • /.Y it resolved, 1st. That the Grand Lodge do now form and in- 
 
200 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 stitute an Asylum, to be styled, ' South Carolina Asylum for Orphans 
 of indigent Freemasons;' for the purpose of supporting and educating 
 such children in all the useful learning and arts which may be neces- 
 sary to make them worthy members of society. 
 
 " 2d. That, for the well managing and conducting all the concerns 
 of the Asylum, the Grand Lodge do, in addition to the Most Worship- 
 ful Grand Master, who shall ex officio be chairman, elect by ballot, at 
 the stated Quarterly Communication in June, — Trustees, which num- 
 ber shall be chosen every four years thereafter; and all vacancies which 
 may occur in their number by death or resignation, shall be filled for 
 the remaining time at the next succeeding Quarterly Communication. 
 
 " 3d. It shall be the duty of these Trustees, by themselves separate 
 from the Council, to receive all subscriptions and donations to this in- 
 stitution, and to invest the same, together with all interest and profits 
 accruing therefrom (after deducting the necessary expenses), in the 
 Dame and for the benefit of the above named Asylum, and to receive 
 and to hold, and to invest for the purposes aforesaid, as well as to sell and 
 to reinvest all property and moneys whatsoever, which shall come into 
 their hands, and for all which it is hereby ordered they shall be held 
 responsible, to account at the direction of a majority of the Council 
 when annually convened. 
 
 "4th. All investments shall be made on bond or mortgage of unin- 
 cumbered real estate, or in the public stocks of this State, or of its in- 
 corporated Banks, or in United States stocks, at the discretion of the 
 Trustees. The Trustees shall, as soon as may be after their election, 
 choose a Secretary and Treasurer from their number, and make such 
 by-rules as may be proper, for the better regulating and conducting the 
 affairs of this Institution, in order to receive its highest interest; sub- 
 ject, however, to the controlling power of the Grand Lodge in all cases; 
 and their Treasurer shall give bonds to the Grand Lodge, in twice the 
 amount of moneys in his hands, with good and sufficient sureties, to be 
 approved by the Trustees, for the faithful discharge of all duties as 
 Treasurer aforesaid; which bond shall be deposited, after being record- 
 ed, with the Grand Treasurer of the Grand Lodge for the time beirig. 
 
 " 5th. That the Trustees, with the representatives and individuals 
 who may acquire the right, in the manner hereafter mentioned, shall 
 form a Council for the regulation of all the concerns, and for carrying 
 into effect all the objects of this charity — the Trustees possessing only 
 equal rights with the other Members of the Council. It shall be the 
 duty of this Council to assemble at least once a year, and as much oftener 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 201 
 
 as they shall deem fit ; and to them the Trustees shall annually sub- 
 mit a full statement of all investments, donations and subscriptions, with 
 the names of the societies, corporations, or individuals, together with 
 receipts and disbursements during the year past — which shall afterward 
 be handed, with any comments made by the Couucil, to the Grand Lodge, 
 to be inserted and circulated in the Annual Abstract of the Proceedings 
 of this Most Worshipful Body. 
 
 "6th. That the Asylum shall be located in a central and healthy 
 part of the State ; and it shall go into operation whenever two-thirds of 
 the Council shall think proper. 
 
 " 7th. That to evince its estimation and high regard for this In- 
 stitution, the Grand Lodge do hereby appropriate annually the sum 
 of hundred dollars. 
 
 "8th. That every Subordinate Lodge in the State be invited to an- 
 nually subscribe not less than dollars, to entitle its Master, or his 
 
 proxy, to a seat in the Council, and giving the Lodge a right to recom- 
 mend Orphans for this bounty. 
 
 "9th. That a donatiou of hundred dollars shall entitle the 
 
 donor to a seat in the Council for life, and invest him with the privi- 
 lege to recommend Orphans for the benefit of this charity. 
 
 " 10th. That every association or corporate body, which shall make 
 
 a donation of hundred dollars, shall have one Representative in 
 
 the Council ; and for every additional two hundred dollars, one addi- 
 tional Representative ; and such association and bodies shall have the 
 privilege of recommending Orphans to the charity. 
 
 "11th. That any individual who shall give dollars per annum, 
 
 shall have a seat in the Council during the time of his subscription, and 
 be entitled to recommend Orphans to the charity. 
 
 " 12th. That whenever any individual shall give or bequeath 
 
 thousand dollars to the institution, the donor's name shall be inserted 
 instead of the words 'South-Carolina,' and the charity shall for ever 
 after bear his name. 
 
 "13th. That these resolutions be printed and circulated to all the 
 Lodges in the State, for their opinion upon the same. 
 
 "All which is respectfully submitted. 
 
 MOSES HOLBROOK,^ 
 
 GEO. B. ECKHARD, [ Committee." 
 
 JAMES EYLAND, j 
 
 Special Communication on the 10th of April, 1825, to attend the 
 
202 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 funeral of the Rev. Robert S. Syines, Past Grand Chaplain. There 
 can be no greater evidence of the ignorance then prevailing in relation 
 to some of the most important points of Masonic law than the record 
 that on this occasion the Grand Lodge was opened on the Entered Ap- 
 prentice's degree. There has been much improvement in these things. 
 There is not a Subordinate Lodge in the jurisdiction which, at the 
 present time, would propose to attend a funeral in any other than the 
 Master's degree. 
 
 Special Communication on the 14th of April, 1825. The old war- 
 rant of constitution of Orangeburg Lodge No. 12, which had been 
 surrendered in 1818, was restored to Thomas Tatem and other appli- 
 cants. 
 
 In consequence of the expenses incurred by Lodge No. 11, at Winns- 
 boro', in erecting a suitable building in which to hold its meetings, its 
 last annual dues were remitted by the Grand Lodge. 
 
 The memorial of Columbia Lodge, in relation to the inequality of 
 representation in the Grand Lodge, was referred to a committee of six, 
 to consider and report on the same. Subsequently, it was taken from 
 that committee and referred to another, with directions to obtain the 
 opinions of the Subordinate Lodges on the subject, so that we hear no 
 more of it during the present year. 
 
 In 1824 the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire had suggested to its 
 sister Grand Lodges the propriety of erecting a monument to Wash- 
 ington at Mount Vernon, and proposed a plan for the erection. The 
 subject was presented this year to the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, 
 both in a special letter and in the report of the Corresponding Grand 
 Secretary. Rut nothing further was done than to refer the matter to 
 the Subordinate Lodges. The hour for doing honor to our illustrious 
 brother had not yet arrived. The Grand Lodges of the Union, how- 
 ever, generally took up the subject with energy, but did not pursue it 
 with perseverance. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 24th of June, 1825, but no business 
 of any importance was transacted. 
 
 Special Communication on the 26th of August, 1825. A warrant 
 of constitution was granted to Lodge No. 55, at Walterboro'. 
 
 The subject of a Masonic Hall began again to be mooted during this 
 year. The want of a place of meeting for the Lodges of the city, 
 which should be independent of the vicissitudes and changes to which 
 Taverns were subjected, was sensibly felt. Accordingly, at this Com- 
 munication, the initiatory step was taken, by the proposal of the fol- 
 
h\ SOUTH CAROLINA. 203 
 
 lowing resolutions by Bro. Alexander McDonald, which were laid over 
 for consideration until the next Quarterly Communication : 
 
 " Whereas, the Grand Lodge of Ancient Free-Masons of South-Caro- 
 lina is in want of a Public Hall, and is therefore behind most of the 
 Grand Lodges in the United States, and many of the Subordinate 
 Lodges under its own jurisdiction, 
 
 " Be it therefore Resolved, That the Grand Officers of the Graud 
 Lodge be constituted a committee, in the name aud behalf of the 
 Grand Lodge, to purchase a lot in a central situation, to erect a build- 
 ing thereon, suitable for the meetings of the Grand Lodge and the Sub- 
 ordinate Lodges under its jurisdiction ; and that said committee have 
 power to sell as much stock belonging to the Grand Lodge as may be 
 necessary to purchase a lot and erect a building thereon. 
 
 " Be if further Jicsulred, That should the funds of the Grand Lodge 
 be insufficient to erect such a building as would be an ornament to the 
 Fraternity, the committee are then authorized to devise such means as 
 they in their wisdom may deem necessary, to enable them to complete 
 such building." 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the oOlh September, 1825. Notice 
 was received that Prudcuce Lodge No. 35 had become extinct, and 
 would deliver up its jewels, charter, &c., to the Grand Lodge. A com- 
 mittee was appointed to receive the same. 
 
 It was determined, that in the payment by Subordinate Lodges of 
 their dues for members, no distinction could be made in favor of honorary 
 members, as the constitution of the Grand Lodge was silent as to the 
 power of creating, aud the privileges conferred on such class of mem- 
 bers. 
 
 The resolutions in relation to the building of a Masonic Hall were 
 called up, and after being so modified as to authorize the Grand Officers 
 " to purchase or obtain" a lot, the subject was referred to the Grand 
 Officers, to report thereon in November. 
 
 The word " obtain " was added, because a plan was at that time un- 
 der consideration by which it was expected that the City Council would, 
 for certain considerations, permit the Grand Lodge to make use of a 
 Jot situated at the West end of the Market. It will be seen, hereafter, 
 how this plan was matured. 
 
 Annual Communication at Columbia, on the 2d, 5th, and 7th of 
 December. At the first and second sessions the Deputy Grand Master 
 presided, at the third, the Master of Lodge No. 33. No other Grand 
 Officers were present, and no business of importance transacted. The 
 
204 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 complaint of Lodge No. 39, iu relation to the inequality of representa- 
 tion in the Grand Lodge, was referred, through a new committee, to 
 the Subordinate Lodges to obtain their views, and a report was ordered 
 to be made at the next Annual Communication in Columbia. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 16th of December, 1825. The 
 Grand Lodge consented to the union of Union Lodge No. 6 with St. An- 
 drew's Lodge No. 10, the united Lodge to take the last number and name. 
 
 A similar union between Washington Lodge No. 7, and Union Lodge 
 No. 8, in Charleston, was approved, and the new Lodge permitted to 
 be designated as Washington Lodge No. 5. 
 
 A protest was read from certain members of Solomon's Lodge No. 1, 
 against the proceedings of that Lodge in electing Bro. Patterson Junior 
 Warden, he being at that time more than six months in arrears. The 
 matter was referred to a committee, and the Lodge was interdicted from 
 proceeding to the installation of Bro. Patterson until the sanction of 
 the Grand Lodge should be obtained. At a subsequent meeting the 
 subject was discharged, on the singular ground that in matters of dis- 
 pute, similar to that of a contested election, the jurisdiction of the 
 Grand Lodge " is appellate and not original, and that until the merits 
 of a contested election are decided on by the Lodge where it originates, 
 no appeal can be heard by the Grand Lodge." 
 
 The motion which embraced this singular proposition was made by 
 Bro. Eckhard, a distinguished lawyer,*and it is easy to see how he has 
 mixed up the notions of the supreme authority of a Grand Lodge, with 
 the technical ideas of appellate and original jurisdiction, borrowed from 
 the rules of the courts of law, with which he was more conversant 
 than with Masonic constitutions. 
 
 A similar protest of Bro. Moss against an election in No. 9, was 
 read at the same time, referred to the same committee, and met, of 
 course, with the same fate. 
 
 The committee on the Hall reported that they had held a communi- 
 cation with the committee appointed by the City Council, of whom it 
 had been requested to grant the use of the West end of the Market 
 for the erection of a Masonic Hall by the Grand Lodge, but that previous 
 to any steps being taken therein, it was proposed that a plan of the in- 
 tended building should be submitted for the approbation of the City 
 Council. 
 
 This being the constitutional night for the purpose, the Grand Lodge 
 proceeded to the election of Grand Officers for the ensuing year. The 
 Hon. David Johnson was elected Grand Master. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. g()5 
 
 Arrangements were made for a procession on St. John's day. 
 
 Special Communication on the 23d December, 1825. Besides dis- 
 posing of the appeals of Bros Carey and Moss, already referred to, 
 the Grand Lodge resolved that it had no power to interfere with the 
 regulations of the Subordinate Lodges, while they are consistent with 
 the rules of the Grand Lodge, as regards the settling the arrears of 
 the members. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated. The 
 Grand Master elect, Bro. Johnson, was not present, but the late Grand 
 Master, Bro. Geddes, installed the other officers. 
 
 A procession of the fraternity then moved to the Lutheran Church, 
 where a discourse was delivered by the Grand Chaplain, Bro. A. W. 
 Leland. 
 
 On the return to the Lodge room, after the usual vote of thanks, it 
 was ordered that six copies of the Ahiman Bezon be forwarded by the 
 Grand Master to Brother Joel 11. Poinsett, Past Deputy Grand Master, 
 and then American Minister to Mexico, with a request that he would 
 present the same to the Grand Lodge of Mexico in the name of the 
 Grand Lodge of South Carolina. 
 
 I shall hereafter have occasion to speak of the connection that 
 existed between the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, and the estab- 
 lishment of Masonry in Mexico. 
 
 The following list will exhibit the number and locality of the Lodges 
 in the Jurisdiction at the end of the year 1825 : 
 
 No. 1, Solomon's, at Charleston. 
 
 2, Franklin, " 
 
 3, L'Etoile Renaissant, " 
 
 4, Union Kilwinning, " 
 
 5, Washington, " late No. 7. 
 
 6, Union, " united to No. 10. 
 
 7, Washington, " changed to No. 5. 
 
 8, Union, " united to No. 5. 
 
 9, Friendship, " 
 
 10, St. Andrew's, " 
 
 11, Winnsboro', Winnsboro'. 
 
 12, Orangeburg, Orangeburg. 
 
 13, St. John's, Charleston. 
 
 14, Orange, " 
 
 15, King Solomon's, Cheraw. 
 
 16, Beckhamsville, Beckhamsville. 
 
206 
 
 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 No. 17, 
 
 Good Intentiou, at Pensacola, Fla., extinct. 
 
 18, 
 
 Chester, 
 
 Chester C H. 
 
 19, 
 
 Church Hill, 
 
 Abbeville District. 
 
 20, 
 
 Harmony, 
 
 Edisto Island. 
 
 21, 
 
 Pythagorean, 
 
 Charleston. 
 
 22, 
 
 Harmony, 
 
 Beaufort. 
 
 23, 
 
 Perfect Friendship, 
 
 St. Helena. 
 
 24, 
 
 Spartanburg, 
 
 Spartanburg, extinct. 
 
 25, 
 
 Marion, 
 
 Marion C. H. 
 
 26, 
 
 Sumterville, 
 
 Sumterville. 
 
 27, 
 
 Newberry District, 
 
 Hogg's Store, Newberry District 
 
 28, 
 
 Floridian Virtues, 
 
 St. Augustine, Fla. 
 
 29, 
 
 Kershaw, 
 
 Camden. 
 
 30, 
 
 Mount Moriah, 
 
 Pipe Creek, Beaufort District. 
 
 31, 
 
 Recovery, 
 
 Greenville C. H. 
 
 32, 
 
 Philanthropic, 
 
 Yorkville. 
 
 33, 
 
 Cambridge, 
 
 Cambridge, extinct. 
 
 34, 
 
 Union, 
 
 Abbeville District. 
 
 35, 
 
 Prudence, 
 
 Charleston, extinct.. 
 
 36, 
 
 La Candeur, 
 
 a 
 
 37, 
 
 St. John's, 
 
 Santee. 
 
 38, 
 
 St. Alban's, 
 
 Darlington C. H. 
 
 39, 
 
 Columbia, 
 
 Columbia. 
 
 40, 
 
 Winyah, 
 
 Georgetown. 
 
 41, 
 
 Laurensville, 
 
 Laurens C. H. 
 
 42, 
 
 Liberty Hill, 
 
 Kershaw District. 
 
 43, 
 
 Union Court House, 
 
 Union C. H. 
 
 44, 
 
 Newberry C. H., 
 
 Newberry C. H. 
 
 45, 
 
 Eden, 
 
 Clarendon District. 
 
 46, 
 
 Edgefield, 
 
 Kirksey's Store. 
 
 47, 
 
 La Esperanza, 
 
 St. Augustine, Fla. 
 
 48, 
 
 Mount Hope, 
 
 Pocotaligo. 
 
 49, 
 
 Mount Pleasant, 
 
 Dutchman's Creek, Fairfield. 
 
 50, 
 
 La Constancia, 
 
 Havana, extinct. 
 
 51, 
 
 Claiborne, 
 
 Claiborne, Ala., extinct. 
 
 52, 
 
 Manchester, 
 
 Manchester. 
 
 53, 
 
 Jackson, 
 
 Lancaster C. H. 
 
 54, 
 
 Social, 
 
 Hamburg. 
 
 55, 
 
 Walterboro', 
 
 Walterboro'. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 207 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 THE YKAR 1826. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 182(5: 
 
 Hod. David Johnson, Grand Master ; 
 Benj. F. Hunt, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 William H. Wilson, Senior Grand Warden . 
 Alex. McDonald, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 A. W. LELAND, Gram/ Chaplain; 
 
 Moses Holbrook, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 Geo. B. Eckhard, Corresponding Grand Secretary ; 
 
 Edward Hughes, Recording Grand Secretary ; 
 
 H. G. Street, ) e . n -, n „„ Mka . 
 
 \ Senior (rrand Deacons ; 
 
 F. G. Deliesseline, J 
 
 Benj. F. Dunkin, ) 7 . n ■, n 
 
 ' [ Junior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 Samuel Samson, ) 
 
 C. C. Sebring, Grand Marshal; 
 
 Joseph Cole, Grand Pursuivant; 
 
 Mark Marks, , 
 
 John McAnally, n 7 e , „ 7 „ . 
 
 > y Grand Stewards ; 
 
 Joseph Samson, j 
 
 Benjamin Phillips, J 
 John Roche, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Special Communication on the 4th of March, 182G. Bro. David 
 .Johnson, the Grand Master elect, being present, was installed by Bro. 
 John Geddes, Past Grand Master. 
 
 Bro. Geddes gave notice that he had transmitted, through the Hou. 
 Henry Clay, Secretary of State, to Bro. Poinsett, the six copies of the 
 Ahiman Rezon intended for the Grand Lodge of Mexico. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 81st of March, 1820. Since the 
 dismissal of Bro. Barker from the office of Grand Lecturer, no authori- 
 tative instructions on the ritual had been given to the Subordinate 
 Lodges. The absolute want of such instructions had now become 
 apparent, and an effort was made to substitute some other mode in the 
 place of that of a Grand Lecturer, no longer attainable. On the 
 
208 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 motion, therefore, of Bro. McDonald, a resolution was adopted that "a 
 Committee of Inspection, consisting of ten experienced Past Masters, 
 should be annually appointed by the Grand Master, whose duty it should 
 be to inspect the opening and closing, entering, passing, and raising, in 
 the Subordinate Lodges in this city ; and to instruct them in the work 
 adopted by the Grand Lodge, in order to maintain a uniformity of work, 
 and that the sum of sixty dollars be appropriated to pay the expenses 
 of such meetings as the committee may deem necessary, so as to enable 
 them to assemble and instruct such officers of Lodges as may be found 
 unacquainted with their work." 
 
 This scheme was evidently an impracticable one, and liable to many 
 serious objections. The committee did not necessarily consist of pro- 
 fessed lecturers educated for the duty, and in fact the majority of those 
 appointed were totally incapable of imparting instruction, as they were 
 almost entirely ignorant of the ritual. In the next place, the renewal 
 of a committee every year, would be, in all probability, but a renewal 
 of ignorant instructors, without even the benefit of the experience that 
 a permanent appointment would, in some degree, have secured ; and 
 lastly, while provision was made, even in this inadequate manner, for 
 the instruction of the Lodges in the city, those in the country were al- 
 together unprovided for. The scheme was, therefore, partial and un- 
 just in its operation. It is probably for reasons of this nature that, 
 although the resolution was adopted, and the committee appointed, no 
 appointment was made in the following year, and the Committee of 
 Inspectors became extinct. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 30th of June, 1826. A committee 
 of five was appointed to revise the by-laws of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 In consideration of the successful exertions made by Kershaw Lodge 
 No. 29, at Camden, to erect a monument in honor of the Baron DeKalb, 
 the Grand Lodge, as a token of its approval of the meritorious act, re- 
 mitted the dues of that Lodge for the year 1824. 
 
 The subject of the proposed monument to Washington was again 
 brought forward, and a committee was appointed to examine into the 
 proceedings of the several Grand Lodges of the Union on the subject, 
 and to report what measures they might deem expedient to be adopted 
 by the Grand Lodge in relation to the same. 
 
 On the 3d of August, 1826, agreeably to an invitation from the 
 City Council, several of the officers and members of the Grand and of 
 the Subordinate Lodges, with many transient brethren, assembled at the 
 Commercial Coffee House, on East Bay, kept by Bro. H. G. Street, 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLD9 \. 209 
 
 where a procession was formed, which united with the general one of 
 the citizens, and walked to the Circular Church, where a eulogy on the 
 late Thomas Jefferson was pronounced by the Hon. William Johnson. 
 The brethren then returned to Bro. Street's, where they were dis- 
 missed. 
 
 By a similar invitatiou, the Grand and Subordinate Lodges, with 
 many transient brethren, assembled at the same place on the 14th of 
 September, 1826, and after forming a procession, joiued that of the 
 citizens, and moved to St. Michael's Church, where a eulogy was deliv- 
 ered on the late John Adams, by Timothy Ford, Esq. The Fraternity 
 then returned to Bro. Street's and were dismissed. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 20th of September, 1820. 
 
 The amount of the return of Walterboro Lodge No. 55 was credited 
 to it to aid the Lodge in the erection of a hall, provided a lieu be given 
 to the Grand Lodge for refunding the amount in case of the dissolution 
 of the Lodge. 
 
 The necessary arrangements were made for a procession and festival 
 on St. John's day, and Bro. 11. B. Gilchrist, W. Master of Lodge No. 
 4, was elected the Orator. 
 
 No Communication was holden at Columbia, this year. An attempt 
 was made, but it was unsuccessful, as there was not a quorum of Lodges 
 present. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 15th of December, 1820. 
 
 A communication from the Hon. Joel R. Poinsett, American Min- 
 ister, to Mexico, in relation to Masonic matters in that country, was 
 read. Unfortunately this communication has not been preserved, but 
 in consequence, in all probability, of the suggestions which it contained, 
 the following resolution was unanimously adopted by the Grand Lodge: 
 
 "That the Grand Lodge do constitute our worthy brother, Joel R. 
 Poinsett, the Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States, near the 
 Republic of Mexico, the Agent and Representative of the Grand Lodge, 
 for the purpose of establishing friendly relations with the Lodges of 
 that Republic. That our said Representative be authorized, in the 
 name of the Grand Lodge, to visit and inspect the working of the said 
 Lodges, and, if deemed expedient, to grant dispensations for the consti- 
 tuting and working of Lodges according to the ancient landmarks, as 
 fixed by this (J rand Lodge; with a request that he will communicate to 
 the Grand Lodge such information and advice as will enable it to pro- 
 mote the cause of Masonry in that country.'' 
 14 
 
21u HISTORY OP FREEMASONRY 
 
 Thia was undoubtedly a commission to establish Lodges in Mexico, 
 and the opinion has generally prevailed in this State that the Order was 
 organized in that Republic through the instrumentality of the Grand 
 Lodge of South Carolina, and this error, for error it clearly is, has beeu 
 fostered by the mistaken views of some of the prominent actors in the 
 proceedings of that period. Thus at the Communication of the Grand 
 Lodge of South Carolina, holden at Charleston, on the 23d of Decem- 
 ber, 1847, for the purpose of receiving Generals Quitman and Shields, 
 Bro. David Johnson, at that time the Governor of the State, and a 
 Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, alluded to the fact, "that 
 during his administration of the Grand Lodge as Grand Master, in 
 1826, the Order was first planted in Mexico by Bro. Joel R. Poinsett, 
 by means of warrants of constitution, issued by the Grand Lodge of 
 South Carolina for the establishment of Lodges in that Republic." 
 
 In all of this the venerable Past Grand Master had clearly fallen into 
 error, and had confounded the resolution of the Grand Lodge, just re- 
 ferred to, in which it had authorized Bro. Poinsett to establish Lodges, 
 with the issuing of warrants by the Grand Lodge itself. The records 
 of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina conclusively show that that 
 body never issued a warrant for the constitution of a Lojge in Mexico. 
 
 But previous to the adoption of this resolution by the Grand Lodge 
 of South Carolina, in which it commissioned Poinsett to establish Lodges 
 in Mexico, the date of which resolution is the 15th of December, 1826, 
 a letter had been written by Poinsett to the Grand Lodge, under date 
 of June 2d, 1826 (although not received until the next year), the con- 
 tents of which clearly prove the impossibility of his ever having acted 
 under the commission of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina. The 
 letter, which was read to the Grand Lodge in March, 1827, is in the 
 following words : 
 
 - Mexico, 2d June, 1826. 
 
 " To the Most Worshipful the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of 
 Ancient Freemasons of South Carolina : 
 
 "Most Worshipful Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the 
 receipt of your letter of the 10th February, in which you informed me 
 of the resolution of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina to present to 
 the Grand Lodge of Mexico, through me, six copies of the Ahiman 
 Jiezon, in the name of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina. Although 
 I have not yet received the books, I know that they are at Vera Ciuz, 
 
IN" SOUTH CAROLINA. 0|] 
 
 and have commuuicated the intention of the Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina to this Grand Lodge. 
 
 " The Grand Lodge of Mexico has, in consequence, requested me to 
 convey to you their grateful acknowledgments for this mark of your at- 
 tention, and their earnest desire to cultivate the most friendly relations 
 with the Grand Lodge of South Carolina. You will, I am sure, be 
 pleased to learn that Masonry is making rapid progress in this new 
 country. The Grand Lodge of Mexico counts thirteen Subordinate 
 Lodges under its jurisdiction. 
 
 "I have the honor to be, Most Worshipful Sir, 
 
 " Yours, most fraternally, J. II. Poinsett." 
 
 Hence it is seen that six months before the Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina had issued its commission to Bro. Poinsett for the constitution 
 of Lodges in Mexico, a Grand Lodge was already in existence in that 
 republic, with thirteen Lodges under its jurisdiction. Masonry was 
 there un fait accompli; and neither the Graud Lodge of South 
 Carolina nor any other Grand Lodge had a right to intrude and inter- 
 fere with the lawful sovereignty of the Grand Lodge of Mexico. The 
 Grand Lodge of South Carolina certainly did not — it granted to one 
 of its Past Officers, it is true, while it was ignorant of the real condi- 
 tion of affairs, the authority so to do, but we have no evidence that he 
 ever availed himself of the authority, nor is it likely, with the 
 knowledge he possessed of the condition of things, of which his supe- 
 riors in South Carolina were ignorant, that he would commit so 
 egregious an error as to interfere with the legally organized jurisdic- 
 tion of the Grand Lodge of a foreign country in which he was tempo- 
 rarily residing. It is therefore not an historical fact that Freemasonry 
 was established in the republic of Mexico by the Grand Lodge of 
 South Carolina, although such a belief has for a long time existed in 
 the minds of the Fraternity in this State. 
 
 The truth in relation to the history of Mexican Masonry has, 
 however, been lately brought to light. In the year 1859, Bro. George 
 Fisher, of California, but who was a resident of Mexico in 1825, 
 issued a pamphlet entitled "Freemasonry in Mexico: Its origin, etc: 
 Illustrated by original documents not heretofore published." This 
 brochure was originally published in the "Masonic Review" at Cin- 
 cinnati, but purports in its pamphlet form to be "revised, corrected 
 and amended." It is a most valuable contribution to the annals of the 
 Order in America, and will be found of great use to the Masonic 
 
212 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 historian. The subject now under consideration is thoroughly 
 elucidated in it. Bro. Fisher states, and verifies his statement by 
 documentary evidence, that in 1825 authority was obtained from the 
 Grand Lodge of New York to establish three Lodges in the city of 
 Mexico, and the Hon. Joel R. Poinsett was constituted the proxy of 
 the Grand Master of New York. These three Lodges subsequently 
 established the Grand Lodge of Mexico. So that Bro. Poinsett really 
 has the honor of establishing Masonry in Mexico, but it was in 1825, 
 and not in 1826, and under the authority of the Grand Lodge of New 
 York, and not under that of South Carolina. 
 
 A communication of Bro. John Darby, Past Master of Lodge No. 
 13, was received, complaining of the pi-oceedings of that Lodge in its 
 late elections. Tt was referred to the Lodge — a novel mode of settling 
 an appeal, and an evidence of the ignorance then existing of the true 
 duties and prerogatives of a Grand Lodge. 
 
 This being the constitutional period, the Grand Lodge proceeded to 
 the election of officers for the ensuing year. Benjamin Faneuil Hunt 
 was elected Grand Master. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was appropriately cele- 
 brated. 
 
 The Grand Master elect was installed by Bro. W. Waller, Past 
 Senior Grand Warden. As the late Grand Master did not reside in the 
 city, he was absent on that occasion. There were, however, other Past 
 Grand Masters in the city, and it is unaccountable why one of them 
 was not present to perform the duty of installation. I fear that the 
 dissensions of 1825 had still left some bitter spirit behind them. The 
 Grand Master elect then installed the other officers. The Fraternity 
 afterwards proceeded to St. Michael's Church, where, after prayer by 
 the Rev. Bro. F. Dalcho, an address was delivered by Bro. R. B. 
 Gilchrist. On returning to the Lodge room, the usual votes of thanks 
 were passed. 
 
 On this occasion the Grand Master wore for the first time a sash 
 and apron, which long afterwards continued to be the official clothing 
 of the Grand Master. They were of scarlet velvet, richly embroidered. 
 On the sash were the words " Holiness to the Lord." The apron was 
 one appropriately belonging to the Rose Croix Degree, and was em- 
 broidered with a representation of the "Cubical Stone," and the mystic 
 letters on it, a symbol exclusively belonging to the Ancient and 
 Accepted, and the French or Modern rites. It was altogether inappro- 
 priate for the Grand Master of a»Grand Lodge of the York rite. It 
 
IN" SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 213 
 
 however pleased the fancy of the brethren at the time, and as it had 
 been imported from France for the express purpose of being sold, it 
 was readily purchased by the Grand Lodge. In 1852, at the centen- 
 nial celebration of the foundation of the Grand Lodge, this apron was 
 very properly discarded, and a more appropriate one, with the All- 
 Seeing Eye, the Square and Compasses, has been worn by succeeding 
 Grand Masters. 
 
•J14 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTEK XX.. 
 
 THE YEAE 1827. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for this year; 
 
 Benjamin F. Hunt, Grand Master; 
 
 R. W. Cogdell, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 Alex. McDonald, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 G. B. EcKHARD, Junior Grand Warden ; 
 
 Moses Holbrook, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 James Eyland, Corresponding Grand Secretary ; 
 
 Edward Hughes, Recording Grand Secretary ; 
 
 H. G. Street, > . 
 
 e, -r, c oemor brand Deacons ; 
 
 Samuel Rowan, > 
 
 Samuel Samson, ) 
 
 T r Junior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 Joseph Samson, > 
 
 Edward Sebring, Grand Marshal; 
 
 Joseph Cole, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 Hark Marks, , 
 
 Robert Pennal, [ 
 
 L.W. Sass, I Grand Stewards ; 
 
 S. Moses, Jr. J 
 
 John Roche, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 30th of March, 1827. The Ieiter 
 of Mr. Poinsett, already referred to, was read. 
 
 The Corresponding Grand Secretary informed the Grand Lodge that 
 he had received a circular from Brother Jeremy L. Cross, requesting as 
 history of Masonry in South Carolina, the number of Lodges, the 
 amount given for charitable purposes, and the objects of such charity 
 I know not whether this information was given to Cross, but if it was, 
 he never availed himself of it in any of his published writings. It is 
 probable that he contemplated a history of American Masonry, but was 
 prevented from consummating the work by the paucity of the materials 
 he received. 
 
 From a report of the Grand Treasurer, we learn that at the end of 
 the year 1825 there were nine hundred and sisty-four affiliated Mason;-" 
 
IN SOUTH C'AllOl.INA. 
 
 215 
 
 in the jurisdiction, six hundred and twenty of whom were attached to 
 country Lodges, and three hundred and forty-four to the Lodges in the 
 city of Charleston. 
 
 The finances of the Grand Lodge, for the year 1826, amounted to 
 $9,045 in stock, cash and dues of members. 
 
 The subject of* building a Hall continued to occupy the attention of 
 the Craft, and at this meeting, Ales. McDonald, to whose indomitable 
 perseverance and indefatigable exertions the Grand Lodge was mainly 
 indebted for the successful completion after many years cf trial, of this 
 object, proposed a resolution for the appointment of a committee of 
 five, who were to inquire into the practicability of purchasing a lot and 
 building a Hall "that will be an honor to the Craft." The committee 
 were authorized to have a plan of the building drawn by an architect, 
 and were directed to correspond with the different Lodges and Chapters 
 in the city, and ascertain if a sufficient sum could be raised, in addition 
 to the funds of the Grand Lodge. The resolution was adopted and a 
 committee appointed. We shall hereafter see what was the success of 
 this plan. 
 
 The Lodge at Georgetown, having erected a spacious Masonic Hall, 
 invited the Grand Lodge to attend and assist in the ceremony of con- 
 secration. 
 
 Accordingly, on the 25th of April, 1827, an occasional Communi- 
 cation of the Grand Lodge was held at Georgetown, over which the 
 Grand Master presided, assisted by his Deputy. 
 
 The history of the transactions of that day is best given in the lan- 
 guage of the record : 
 
 " A Master Masons' Lodge was opened in ample form, when the M. 
 W. Grand Master stated that an invitation from Lodge No. 40 had been 
 received, requesting the Grand Lodge to dedicate, with the customary 
 Masonic honours, a neat and commodious Hall, which that Lodge had 
 fitted up in Georgetown, for Masonic purposes; that the invitation 
 had been accepted, and with the assistance of the Brethren of the 
 Masonic Fraternity then at that place, the Grand Lodge would proceed 
 to perform that solemu ceremony. 
 
 " The Grand Lodge proceeded to the new Hall, where they were 
 met and saluted with the usual Masonic honours by the members of 
 Lodge No. 40. The officers of that said Lodge then resigned their 
 seats to the officers of the Grand Lodge, and the Worshipful Grand 
 Master, with the assistance of the other officers of the Grand Lodge, 
 
216 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 performed the interesting ceremony. After pouring the corn, oil, and 
 wine, in conformity to ancient Masonic usage, the Grand Master, 'in 
 the name op the supreme architect of heaven and earth, 
 dedicated the hall op lodge no. 40, to religion, virtue and 
 Science.' 
 
 " A numerous procession was then formed, which, after passing 
 through the principal streets of Georgetown, accompanied by a Band of 
 Music, proceeded to the Episcopal Church, where, after the perform- 
 ance of Divine Service by Rev. Brother Hugh Fraser, an eloquent 
 Address, appropriate to the occasion, was delivered by Brother John 
 L. Wilson, Most Worshipful Past Grand Master; after which, the pro- 
 cession returned to the Masonic Hall, and the Grand Lodge was closed 
 in ample form. 
 
 " The festivities of that occasion were closed by a splendid Ball at the 
 Masonic Hall, to which the officers of the Grand Lodge were invited 
 and attended. 
 
 11 During the visit of the officers of the Grand Lodge at Georgetown, 
 they received every attention which refined hospitality, united with the 
 fraternal feelings of the Brethren in that quarter, could suggest ; and 
 it afforded to the officers of the Grand Lodge the highest satisfaction 
 to witness the great respectability which Masonry enjoys, and the in- 
 creasing prosperity of the Craft in Georgetown." 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 29th of June, 1827, but no busi- 
 ness of any importance was transacted. 
 
 Special Communication on the 10th of August, 1827. A warrant 
 of constitution was granted' to Abbeville Court House Lodge No. 57, 
 at that place. 
 
 It was determined by the Grand Lodge, by a resolution to that effect, 
 that the contribution by Subordinate Lodges to the Grand Lodge for 
 transient members, that is, such as do not reside in the State sis months 
 in the year, and who are only charged half fees by their Lodges, should 
 be only seventy-five cents. 
 
 A warrant was granted for the revival of Wambaw Lodge, formerly 
 No. 47, at St. James Santee, on the petitioners complying with the 
 usual requisites. I find, however, no further notice of this Lodge in 
 the registers of the Grand Lodge, and suppose that the warrant was 
 never issued. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 28th of September, 1827. Ar- 
 rangements were made for the celebration of St. John's day, and 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 217 
 
 Brother B. F. Hunt, the Graud Master, was elected Orator for the 
 occasion. 
 
 A warrant was granted to Fellowship Lodge No. 56, in the Parish 
 of St. George's Colleton. 
 
 A difficulty having arisen between two members of Lodge No. 21, in 
 which the Lodge had neglected or refused to interfere, on the complaint 
 of one of the brethren, the Grand Lodge ordered Lodge No. 21 "forth- 
 with and without auy further delay to investigate impartially all mat- 
 ters of difference, and all grievances, with their causes," between the 
 aforesaid two brethren. 
 
 A committee was appointed to investigate the situation of extinct, 
 Lodges, and to take in charge their warrants, books, furniture, jewels 
 aud other property for the Graud Lodge. 
 
 Special Communication on the oOth of November, 1827. The fol- 
 lowing important resolution was adopted : 
 
 " No transient persou shall be examined at the door of any Lodge 
 under this jurisdiction, on his presenting himself as a visitor, unless he 
 first furnish the Examining Committee with a Grand Lodge certificate." 
 
 The Graud Lodge of South Carolina, like all the Grand Lodges of 
 Europe, aud especially that of England, from which Freemasoury in 
 the State derived its existence, has recognized the system of Grand 
 Lodge certificates as a part of the old regulations of Masonry, aud has 
 seeu with regret the innovation made by more recently established Grand 
 Lodges iu abandoning aud even repudiating this system. But in cou- 
 sequence of this very abandonment by many Grand Lodges of the prac- 
 tice of granting certificates to their members, the custom of the Grand 
 Lodge of South Carolina which required the presentation of such cer- 
 tificates by visiting brethren, previous to an examination, proved so 
 inconvenient, as many worthy brethren were thus deprived of the privi- 
 lege of visiting, that it was at length found necessary, without abandon- 
 ing the priuciple, at least to modify the law. Accordingly on the 7th 
 of December, 1848, the following explanatory resolution was adopted : 
 
 "The presentation of a certificate is required by this Grand Lodge, 
 simply as a testimonial of good Masonic standing, preparatory to an ex- 
 amination, and therefore, where the party can furnish other sufficient 
 evidence of his Masonic standing, and assign a satisfactory reason for 
 his being without a certificate, the Lodge which he proposes to visit may 
 proceed to his examination." 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 14th of December, 1827. A letter 
 was received from Bro. II. A. DcSaussure, announcing the impossibility 
 
218 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 of holding a Communication at Columbia, in consequence of five Lodges, 
 the necessary quorum, not being represented. This was the second 
 year that there had not been a Communication at Columbia, as required 
 by the Regulations. 
 
 It was determined that members of Subordinate Lodges in this juris- 
 diction should not, when visiting, be required to present Grand Lodge 
 certificates. In such cases Lodge certificates were declared to be suffi- 
 cient. This rule has, however, never been enforced, and it has been 
 the invariable usage to make no demand for a certificate of any kind 
 from a visitor belonging to any Lodge in the jurisdiction. 
 
 A warrant of constitution was grauted to Social Lodge No. 58, at 
 Edgefield Court House. 
 
 An invitation was accepted from the Trustees of the Charleston Col- 
 lege, to lay the corner stone of a College edifice about to be erected by 
 them. 
 
 The Grand Lodge proceeded to the annual election of Graud Officers. 
 B. F. Huut was reelected Grand Master. 
 
 The plan of a Masonic Hall was gradually maturing under the inde- 
 fatigable exertious of Bro. Alex. McDonald, on whose motion the com- 
 mittee were empowered to purchase a lot, in a central situation, suitable 
 for the erection of a Hall, aud they were authorized to sell or transfer 
 so much Bank stock belougiug to the Grand Lodge as might be neces- 
 sary to pay the purchase money of the said lot. It will be found that 
 the lot, which had indeed been already selected, was purchased early in 
 the next year. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated, as usual, 
 with a public procession, address, and supper at night. 
 
 The Grand Master elect was installed by Brother T. W. Bacot, 
 Past Grand Master. The Grand Master then installed the other 
 officers. 
 
 The procession was to St. Michael's Church, where, after prayer by 
 the Rev. Dr. Dalcho, an address was delivered by the Grand Master. 
 
 The Graud Lodge requested a copy of the address for publication ; 
 I doubt, however, if the publication ever took place. At least I have 
 been unable to find a copy. I regret this, for, from the bold and origi- 
 nal mind of Mr. Hunt, long afterwards recognized as one of the most 
 eloquent and impressive lawyers at the Charleston bar, we have a right 
 to have expected something well worthy of preservation. 
 
 A committee of ten Inspectors, of which Alex. McDonald was the 
 Chairman, was appointed to inspect the work of the city Lodges. 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 !19 
 
 The brethren spent the evening at the banquet, according to the 
 record, " in great harmony and friendship." 
 
 Masonry does not appear to have greatly extended itself during this 
 year. The following is a list of the Lodges in active operation at thfe 
 time, and many of them had made no return. 
 
 No 
 
 1, Solomon's, 
 
 2, Franklin, 
 
 t, Union Kilwinning, 
 5, Washington, 
 9, Friendship, 
 10, St. Andrew's, 
 
 12, Orangeburg, 
 
 13, St. John's, 
 
 14, Orange, 
 
 18, Chester, 
 
 19, Church Hill, 
 
 20, Harmony, 
 
 21, Pythagorean, 
 
 2:>, Perfect Friendship, 
 25, Marion, 
 
 29, Kershaw, 
 
 32, Philanthropic, 
 
 30, La Candeur, 
 
 39, Columbia, 
 
 40, Winyah, 
 42, Liberty Hill, 
 
 at Charleston. 
 
 Orangeburg. 
 Charleston. 
 
 Charleston. 
 
 Chester Court House. 
 
 Abbeville District. 
 
 Fdisto Island. 
 
 Charleston. 
 
 St. Helena. 
 
 Marion Court House. 
 
 Camden. 
 
 Vorkville. 
 
 Charleston. 
 
 Columbia. 
 
 Georgetown. 
 
 Liberty Hill, Kershaw District. 
 
 43, Union Court House, Union Court House. 
 
 44, Newberry C. H , Newberry Court House. 
 
 46, Edgefield, 
 48, Mount Hope, 
 52, Manchester, 
 D3, Jackson, 
 
 55, Walterboro', 
 
 56, Friendship, 
 
 57, Abbeville C. H 
 
 58, Social, 
 
 Kirksey's Store. 
 Pocotaligo. 
 Manchester. 
 Lancaster Court House. 
 Walterboro'. 
 St. George's Colleton. 
 Abbeville Court House. 
 Edgefield Court House. 
 Lodges No. 15, 16, 22, 26, 27, 31, 34, 37, 38, 41, 47, 49 and 54, 
 are marked as " suspended." 
 
 Lodges No. 3, 6, 7, 8, 17, 28, 30, 33, 45, 50 and 51, had become 
 extinct. 
 
220 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER XXL 
 
 THE YEAR 182S. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for this year: 
 
 B. F. Hunt, Grand Master ; 
 
 R. W. COGDELL, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 G. B. Eckhard, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 JAMES Eyland, Junior Grand Warden ; 
 
 Moses Holbrook, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 A. McDonald, Corresponding Grand Secretary; 
 
 Edward Hughes, Recording Grand Secretary; 
 
 H. G-. Street, ) . 
 
 t, -r, ( senior br rand Vea cons ; 
 
 S. Rowan, ) 
 
 John Bennett,) . 
 , , T7 - -r, {Junior Gra nil Deacons ; 
 
 J. W. Rouse, ) 
 
 Edward Sebring, Grand Marshal ; 
 
 Joseph Cole, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 Mark Marks, \ 
 
 L. W. Sass, I 7 D 
 
 « -r> ;- (j-rand Stewards; 
 
 Amity Bailey, 
 
 John H. Honour, J 
 
 John Roche, Grand Tiler. 
 
 The first act performed by the Grand Lodge in the year 1828 was 
 laying the corner stone of the Charleston College. 
 
 At 10 o'clock on the morning of the 12th of January, 1828, the 
 officers and members of the Grand Lodge, and the Fraternity generally, 
 met at Seyle's Hall, where the Grand Lodge was opened in ample 
 form on the first degree of Masonry. 
 
 The Grand Master announced that the Grand Lodge was about to 
 assist in laying the corner stone of the College edifice about to be 
 erected by the Trustees of the Charleston College. Whereupon, the 
 Grand Marshal having organized a procession, the brethren moved to 
 the City Hall, where they were joined by the Intendant and other 
 magistrates of the city, the clergy, the Trustees of the College, the 
 medical faculty, the officers and students of the College, and several 
 
IN SOUTH CARoLIN V 221 
 
 literary societies. The procession then moved to the College yard, 
 which it entered under a triumphal arch. The Grand Master and his 
 officers occupied a platform, erected for that purpose at the North-east 
 corner. The orator of the day, Charles Fraser, Esq., supported by the 
 Trustees, occupied another erected opposite to the former. The Craft 
 formed a hollow square, surrounding the North-east corner of the 
 intended building. There was a large concourse of spectators, includ- 
 ing many ladies, for whom seats had been provided. When silence 
 had been commanded by the Grand Marshal, the Intendant arose and 
 addressed the Grand Master as follows : 
 
 " Most Worshipful Grand Master: The Trustees of the Charleston 
 College are about to erect a building to be devoted to the education of 
 youth in the liberal arts and sciences, the better to lit them for useful 
 members of society; sensible that your ancient and honorable Fra- 
 ternity, for many ages past, have been called to assist in laying the 
 foundations of public structures, destined to promote the interests of 
 humanity, I am directed to request of the Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 Freemasons of South Carolina to lay the corner stone of the building, 
 with the solemnities which are practiced by your venerable Order on 
 such solemn occasions." 
 
 To which the Grand Master replied as follows: 
 
 "Mr. Intendant: It is among the most pleasing duties of the 
 Masonic Fraternity to assist in laying the foundations of structures, 
 erected and dedicated to the purposes of science, virtue and religion, 
 and on this occasion the Grand Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of South 
 Carolina look with peculiar interest upon the enterprizc of the Trustees 
 of the Charleston College. Their object is one (and in which every 
 parent and patriot is deeply concerned,) to enlighten the human mind 
 by early directing it to the acquisition of those sciences which con- 
 stitute the basis of the arts of civilized and refined society, and not 
 only contribute to make men valuable citizens, but such is the kind 
 dispensation of Providence, that the more 'eulighteued the mind 
 becomes by a liberal education, the more elevated and pure arc the 
 moral virtues of the heart, aud above all, learning, while it dissipates 
 the errors of superstitiou, adds confidence to enlightened faith. Based, 
 as our Order is, upon the great truths of science and religion, we 
 accept cheerfully the invitation to lay the stone which is to be the 
 head of the corner to a building which we trust will become instru- 
 mental in the cause of human happiness and virtue." 
 
222 HISTORY OF FREEMASOIfRY 
 
 The Rev. Joseph Brown, actiug as Grand Chaplain, then invoked 
 the blessing of Heaven. 
 
 The Grand Master, having received the plumb, square and level from 
 the Chief Architect, descended to the place where the foundation had 
 been excavated, the lower stone being fixed and the upper stone sus- 
 pended over it by a triangle. He then applied the several working tools 
 of a Fellow Craft and pronounced the stone to be "well formed, true 
 and trusty." The Grand Treasurer then deposited, in places fitted for 
 them in the stone, various coins and other mementos, and then the up- 
 per stone was lowered to the sound of solemn music, by three several 
 motions, to its destined bed. The Grand Master striking the stone three 
 times with his gavel, poured on it the corn, wine and oil, which are the 
 Masonic elements of consecration, and then said : 
 
 ''May the Great Architect of the Universe abundantly bless this 
 city with the corn of nourishment, the wine of refreshment and the oil 
 of gladness; may peace and prosperity long dwell within its borders, 
 and may science, virtue and religion adorn its inhabitants. May the 
 Divine protectiou be over the workmen engaged in the construction of 
 this edifice, and save them from untoward accidents, and may it become 
 another building consecrated to the improvement and happiness of man- 
 kind." 
 
 The Grand Master then delivered to the Chief Architect the working- 
 tools, saying: 
 
 "To you I now commit the building of this house, whose foundation 
 has been laid according to the ancient usages of Masonry. May you 
 prosper in your labor, and exhibit, in the perfect structure, a monument 
 of your fidelity, skill and diligence." 
 
 The public Grand Honors were then given by the Craft, and the choir 
 sung a Masonic ode, which closed the Masonic ceremonies. The ora- 
 tion was then delivered by Charles Fraser, Esq., and the Fraternity re- 
 turned to their Hall, where the Grand Lodge was closed in ample form. 
 
 Special Communication on the Gth of March, 1828. It was convened 
 for the purpose of attending thefuueral services of Gen. John Geddes, 
 Past Grand Master, and his son, John Geddes, jr., a member of Lodge 
 No. 13, both of whom had died on the same day. 
 
 In honor to the memory of Bro. Geddes, as a Past Grand Master, the 
 Grand Lodge room was clothed in mourning for thirty days, and the 
 Craft were requested to wear crape on the left arm for the same space 
 of time. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 28th of March, 1828. The Grand 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. $23 
 
 Master annouuced that an agreement bad been made for the purchase 
 of a lot in Meeting street, near Market street, from John Hunter, for 
 the sum of nine thousand five hundred dollars, in cash or otherwise as 
 might be required. 
 
 The Grand Lodge sanctioned the agreement, and ordered the pur- 
 chase to be made. This lot was the one which has since been occupied 
 by the New Theatre in Meeting street. At the time of its purchase 
 by the Grand Lodge it was occupied by a number of buildings, for the 
 most part small and in a dilapidated condition, the rents from which, 
 however, afforded a source of revenue to the Grand Lodge. The sum 
 paid for it was $9,516 9(3. 
 
 The Grand Lodge was now in possession of an eligible site for the 
 erection of a Hall, but its fuuds had been exhausted in the purchase 
 of the lot, and it became necessary to devise other means for the 
 building of the Hall. The Grand Chapter of the State, with the two 
 .Subordinate Chapters in the city, generously offered to loan their 
 invested funds, amounting in the aggregate to a little over two thousand 
 dollars, "to assist," as they expressed it, "in the uoble and glorious 
 undertaking of erecting a Masonic Hall." The aggregate funds of 
 the city Lodges amounted to nearly twenty-two thousand dollars, the 
 most of which, it was announced, could be obtained on reasonable 
 terms. But as this was not deemed sufficient, the Grand Lodge 
 resolved to make the attempt to raise a further sum by a lottery. In 
 the year 1815, the Legislature had made a grant of a lottery 
 to the then existing Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons. By 
 the extinction of that body at the time of its union and the surren- 
 der of its charter, the lottery grant had ceased to be available. But it 
 was determined to endeavor to renew it or obtain a new one, and the 
 Grand Officers were directed to petition the Legislature for a revival 
 of the grant. Much influence was exerted on this occasion, and on 
 the 20th of December, 1828, the Legislature authorized the Grand 
 Lodge, to raise, by one or more lotteries, to be drawn within three years, 
 a sum not exceeding fifty thousand dollars. The time was, by a sub- 
 sequent act, extended for three years longer, but from some neglect or 
 other cause, which cannot now be explained, advantage was never 
 taken of the privilege, and not a dollar ever accrued to the Grand 
 Lodge by means of the lottery, so that the grant obtained with so much 
 trouble, was allowed to expire bv its own limitation. Long after, in 
 1843, when the Grand Lodge was involved in an onerous debt, on 
 
224 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 account of the Hall which it had erected in 1841, an offer was made by 
 a firm of lottery brokers in Maryland, to purchase the lottery for 
 twenty thousand dollars, if a new grant could be obtained. Efforts 
 were accordingly made to obtain, from the Legislature, a renewal of the 
 grant. But lotteries had now become unpopular, and the application 
 failed. 
 
 This year we find the first record of a Sorrow Lodge held in this 
 State. La Candeur Lodge No. 36, working in the French rite, al- 
 though under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge, invited the attend- 
 ance of the Grand Lodge on the first Sunday in April, when it was 
 intended to perform funeral rites, as a tribute of respect to the memory 
 of some deceased brethren. The invitation was accepted. 
 
 Bro. Simon Magwood, an aged Mason and a Past Grand Master, find- 
 ing that the infirmities of his health would not permit him to be absent 
 from home at night, presented the Grand Lodge with his apron, accom- 
 panied by a letter, expressive of his high opinion of the Masonic in- 
 stitution. The present was accepted, and he was elected an honorary 
 member of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Jervis H. Stevens and Francis S. Curtis, Past Deputy Grand Masters, 
 were, at the same time, elected honorary members. 
 
 A communication from James L. Peigne, complaining of St. An- 
 drew's Lodge No. 10, which had erased his name from its roll for non- 
 payment of arrears, was referred to a committee. This is here mentioned 
 simply as introductory to the record of rfn act of some importance, on 
 the part of the Grand Lodge, to which it led. The committee, con- 
 sisting of Charles Holmes, John Darby and Thomas 11. Saltar, reported 
 adversely against Peigne's complaint, and in the course of their report 
 took occasion to say that he had made contradictory statements to the 
 Grand Lodge and to the committee, and added this language : 
 
 " Such conduct on the part of Bro. Peigne is highly reprehensible, and 
 deserves severe punishment, he having attempted to deceive a commit- 
 tee of this Grand Lodge, by holding charges out, which are in them- 
 selves false, against Lodge No. 10, and contradicting what he had 
 himself before stated." 
 
 For the use of this language, Peigne, who has the traditionary repu- 
 tation of having been a man of imbecility of intellect, instituted an 
 action for libel against the committee. When this fact was announced 
 to the Grand Lodge, it immediately adopted a resolution directing the 
 Grand Officers, in the event of a bill of indictment being found by the 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA, 225 
 
 Grand Jury, to employ counsel to defend these brethren at the expense 
 of the Grand Lodge. Bros. II. F. Hunt and H. A. DeSaussure, two 
 eminent lawyers, at once volunteered their services as counsel. 
 
 The matter, however, never came to an issue. The Grand Jury, I 
 think, ignored the bill, but enough had been done to demonstrate the 
 willingness of the Grand Lodge to sustain its members in the discharge 
 of their duty, and it is simply that I might give a record of this fact, 
 that I have at all alluded to the subject. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 27th of June, 1828. A dispensa- 
 tion was granted to Lodge No. 56, at Abbeville, to lay the corner stone 
 of the Court House about to be erected in that village. 
 
 A committee was appointed to take charge of the lot purchased by 
 the Grand Lodge, to collect the rents and manage the same for the 
 benefit of the Grand Lodge. The committee were the Grand Master 
 and Bros. Moses Holbrook, Ales. McDonald and James Eyland. 
 
 A Special Communication was convened on the 22d of July, 1828, 
 in consequence of an application from the family of Brother Jervis H. 
 Stevens, Past Deputy Grand Master, lately deceased, who desired that, 
 in conformity with his wishes, he should be buried with the Masonic 
 rites. The day, however, was a very inclement one, no Grand Officer, 
 except the Grand Treasurer, was present, and the Master of the oldest 
 Lodge presided. The Grand Lodge, therefore, having expressed its 
 regret, that on account of these circumstances it would be impossible to 
 comply with the request, was then closed. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 26th of September, 1828. 
 
 Arrangements were made for the celebration of St. John's day, and 
 Brother William Lance, Master of Lodge No. 13, was elected the 
 Orator. 
 
 The Grand Officers were requested to apply to the Legislature for an 
 act granting the privilege of raising fifty thousand dollars by lottery. 
 1 have already referred to this subject on a previous page, and have 
 recorded the result of the application. 
 
 Marion Lodge No. 25 was granted time for the payment of its dues, 
 to enable it to liquidate the arrears due for building a hall. A lien on 
 the hall was, however, required by the Grand Lodge. 
 
 There was no Annual Communication at Columbia this year for the 
 usual want of a quorum. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 19th of December, 1828. The 
 Grand Secretary announced that copies of the petition for the grant of 
 :i lottery had been sent to both branches of the Legislature; and that 
 15 
 
i>2i\ HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 a circular had bceu issued by the Grand Officers to such members of 
 the Legislature as were members of the Fraternity, soliciting their 
 cooperation and friendly assistance. 
 
 The annual election of Grand Officers took place. Brother B. F. 
 Hunt was reelected Grand Master. 
 
 In view of the great outlay of the Grand Lodge, in the purchase of 
 a lot, a committee was appointed to inquire in what way the expenses 
 of the Grand Lodge could be reduced. 
 
 Pythagorean Lodge No. 21, becoming dissatisfied with the Lodge 
 room at Seyle's Hall, in consequence of some annoyances to which they 
 had been subjected,* petitioned that one of the old buildings on the 
 lot should be removed and fitted up for a Lodge room. The subject 
 was referred to a committee, and was the first step which finally led to 
 the building of the temporary Masonic Hall, which was for some time 
 used for the meeting of several of the city Lodges. 
 
 Special Communication on the 26th of December, 1828. The sub- 
 ject of retrenchment was brought before the Grand Lodge by the 
 committee to whom it had been referred. It was determined that the 
 expenses of the Grand Lodge should be lessened, by reducing the 
 salaries of the Grand Treasurer, Secretary and Tiler; by dispensing 
 with a part of its printing, and by abolishing suppers. Economy had 
 now become the order of the day, for the Grand Lodge was in debt, 
 and was to meet installments on its bonds and interest on its paper. 
 It was, however, soon relieved from these embarrassments. 
 
 The Grand Officers were directed to sell or dispose of the lottery lately 
 granted by the Legislature. This I have already said was never done. 
 
 The Festival of St. John was celebrated by a procession and address, 
 but in compliance with the spirit of economy there appears to have 
 been no banquet. 
 
 The Grand Master elect being absent from the City, the Deputy 
 Grand Master was installed by Brother T. W. Bacot, Past Grand 
 Master, and then the Deputy installed the other Grand Officers. The 
 appointment and installation of the Subordinate Officers were postponed 
 until the Grand Master's return. 
 
 The day was a very inclement one, and the procession very small. 
 After prayer at the Second Independent Church, by the Rev. Mr. 
 Thayer, an address was delivered by Brother Wm. Lance. This is 
 
 * Whatever these annoyances were, Brother Seyle, the proprietor of the hall, 
 was exculpated from any blame in the premisps. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 2#i 
 
 undoubtedly one of the most able Masonic addresses ever delivered in 
 this jurisdiction. As it is now entirely inaccessible, and out of print, 
 the ouly known copy extant being that in the archives of the Grand 
 Lodge, I believe that I should willingly, were it not for its great 
 length, have offered it as a valuable contribution to the literature of 
 Freemasonry, by preserving it in this historical collection. 
 
228 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 James S. Burges ^ J^ior Grand Deacon, : 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 THE YEAR 1829. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1829 : 
 
 B. F. Hunt, Grand Master; 
 
 B. TV. Cogdell, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 Jas. EYLAND, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 H. A. DeSaussure, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Moses Holbrook, Grand Treasurer ; 
 
 Alex. McDonald, Corresponding Grand Secretary ; 
 
 Edward Hughes, Recording Grand Secretary; 
 
 H. Gr. Street, ) „ . 
 
 T n -n f Senior Grand Deacons; 
 
 John R. Bogers, ) 
 
 Thomas E. Carey, ) 
 
 Samuel Bowan, Grand Marshal ; 
 A. McFeeters, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 A. Bailey, ^ 
 J. C. Pillans, 
 
 J.C.BUXBAUM, \&™*.&»™*; 
 
 Joseph Moss, J 
 
 John Boceie, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Special Communication on the 3d of January, 1829. The spirit of 
 economy which prevailed at the close of the last year was beginning to 
 evaporate. The resolution adopted on the 26th of December last, to 
 dispense with suppers at the Quarterly Communications, was recon- 
 sidered and stricken out. The old custom of supping on these occa- 
 sions was revived, and the usage was not again discontinued for many 
 subsequent years. 
 
 It was determined, in reply to the memorial of Lodge No. 21, to 
 remove one of the buildings on the lot to another part in the rear, and 
 to fit it up as a temporary Hall for the use of the city Lodges which 
 might desire to occupy it. The expense of removing and fitting up 
 was estimated at three hundred and fifty dollars, and that sum was 
 appropriated for the purpose. Subsequently one hundred and fifty 
 
IX JSUUTH CAROLINA. 229 
 
 more were granted, and the rent to the Lodges was fixed at tweuty 
 dollars per year, and two dollars a night for extra meetings. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 27th of March, 1829. The Grand 
 Master being present at this Communication, was installed by the 
 Deputy Grand Master, after which he made the appointment of the 
 Subordinate Officers, who were duly iustalled. 
 
 Notice was given that the Hall was nearly ready for the receptiou of 
 the Lodges, and it was determined that when completed it should be 
 dedicated and cousecrated in Masonic form. 
 
 Hon. David Johnson resigned his membership in the Grand Lodge. 
 In his letter of resignation, he says: "I have been uninterruptedly 
 associated with the Grand Lodge for, I think, more than twenty years, 
 and I would not have it understood that in withdrawing from it now 
 
 I have abandoned the cause of Masonry. My veneration for the 
 principles on which it is founded can never cease whilst reason retains 
 her place." He was elected an honorary member. 
 
 Masonry was not at this time in a very prosperous condition in the 
 jurisdiction. Of 41 Lodges on the registry, the Grand Treasurer 
 reported that 24 of them had not been heard of foe a period varying 
 from three to ten years ; six had surrendered their warrants, and only 
 
 II had regularly made their returns and paid their dues. 
 
 Special Communication on the 5th of June, 1829. The temporary 
 building having been completed, in which it was determined that the 
 Grand Lodge should hereafter hold its meetings uutil a Masonic Hall 
 should be constructed, this Communication was called for the purpose 
 of dedicating it to the purposes for which it was intended. The Grand 
 Master accordingly dedicated the room in the accustomed form, and 
 several Masonic odes were suug, after which an address was delivered 
 by the Grand Master, which unfortunately has not been preserved. 
 The record tells us that after the dedication "the brethren retired to 
 the supper room and spent the evening in harmony and good fellow- 
 ship." 
 
 From that time the Grand Lodge and many of the Subordinate 
 Lodges met in the new room. Other Lodges, however, still continued 
 to hold their Communications at Scyle's Hall. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 26th of June, 1829. The warrant 
 of Social Lodge No. 54, at Hamburg, was declared forfeited. The 
 Rules and Regulations had provided for the establishment of a Masonic 
 Library, and ninety dollars had been presented for that purpose, 
 which, at this meeting, was received from Bro. T. W. Bacot, in whose 
 
230 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 hands it had been deposited. But there is no evidence that the plan 
 of the Library was ever carried out. 
 
 Quarterly Cuinmunication on the 25th of September, 1829. Ar- 
 rangements were made for the celebration of St. John's day, and the 
 Rev. Joseph Brown was elected the Orator. 
 
 Bro. Thomas Fell presented the Grand Lodge with a lamp and 
 reflectors, to be placed over the front gate of the Hall, and received 
 the thanks of the Grand Lodge therefor. 
 
 There was again a failure to hold an Annual Communication at 
 Columbia. The Grand Lodge, it will be soon seen, had grown weary 
 of the experiment. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 18th of December, 1829. The 
 annual election of officers took place, and Richard W. Cogdell was 
 elected Grand Master. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated as usual. 
 
 The Grand Master elect was installed by Bro. B. F. Hunt, Past 
 Grand Master. The newly elected Grand Master then installed the 
 other officers. 
 
 A procession of the Craft afterwards moved to the German Lutheran 
 Church, where, after prayer by the Rev. Dr. Bachman, an address was 
 delivered by the Rev. Joseph Brown. This address, I have been 
 informed by some»of the auditors, was by no means of a satisfactory 
 character. The Orator endeavored to show that Freemasonry had 
 accomplished its mission, and that its continuance was no longer neces- 
 sary or expedient. Much angry feeling was excited even during its 
 delivery, and altogether it so displeased and disappointed the Fraternity 
 that, as a token of condemnation, the Grand Lodge, ou returning to 
 the Hall, declined passing the customary vote of thanks to the Orator. 
 
 The usual supper took place in the evening. 
 
!X SOUTH CAROLINA. 231 
 
 CHAPTEB XXIII. 
 rii E yeah L830, 
 < OFFICERS of the Grand Lodge for the year 1880 : 
 
 Richard W. Cogdell, Grand Master; 
 
 JAMES Eyland, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 Henry A. DeSaussure, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 William Lance, Junior Grand Warden .- 
 
 Moses Holbrook, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 Alex. McDonald, Corresponding Grand Secretary; 
 
 Edward Hughes, Recording Grand Secretary; 
 
 John R. Rogers, ) ™ . f , ■, n 
 
 \- Senior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 John J. Alexander, ) 
 
 Archibald Wanless, ) . 
 
 „ -,, > Junior Grand Deacons; 
 
 Samuel Berbant, j 
 
 Samuel Rowan, Grand Marshal; 
 
 A. McFeeters, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 James Moorhead, , 
 
 J. C. Lozier, l 
 
 , T > Grand Stewards : 
 
 Solomon Moses, [ 
 
 Alex. Balland, J 
 
 John Roche, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 26th of March, 1830. A warrant 
 was granted for a new Lodge at Cedar Springs, in Abbeville District, 
 to be known as " Cedar Spring Lodge No. 59." 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 25th of Juue, 1830. On the mo- 
 tion of Bro. McDonald the Grand Lodge adopted the following resolu- 
 tion : " That no Lodge, under the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge, 
 shall confer the degree of Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft, or Master 
 Mason, on any person whose letter has been before a Lodge and with- 
 drawn, or who has been rejected by any Lodge — and it shall be the 
 duty of the Secretary of each Lodge wherein such a case may occur, to 
 furnish the Corresponding Grand Secretary with the name of the per- 
 son who ha? withdrawn his letter, or has been rejected." 
 
232 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Dr. John B. Irving was elected Orator for the next Festival of St. 
 John the Evangelist. 
 
 The Corresponding Grand Secretary called the attention of the Grand 
 Lodge to the fact that many of the country Lodges, which had heen 
 suspended for many years, were still retaining their warrants and con- 
 ferring degrees. 
 
 In consequence of the local character of the Grand Lodge, which 
 was composed entirely of the Masters, Wardens and Past Masters of 
 the city Lodges, the condition of the country Lodges was little under- 
 stood, and but a loose sort of discipline was exercised over them. The 
 Grand Lodge, however, on this violation of law being brought to its no- 
 tice, resolved that the officers of those Lodges, which were numbered 
 as 15, 25, 29, 82, 39, 44 and 46, should show cause, on or before St. 
 John's day next, why they should not be expelled from Masonry for 
 having sat in Lodge and conferred degrees after they had been notified 
 of their suspension. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 24th of September, 1830. Ar- 
 rangements were made for the celebration of St. John's day. From a 
 report of the committee we learn that the buildings on the lot, exclu- 
 sive of the Masonic Hall, were at this time yielding a rent of $752 per 
 annum. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 17th of December, 1830. The 
 election of Grand Officers took place. James Eyland was elected Grand 
 Master. 
 
 A communication was received from Bro. H. A. DeSaussure, stating 
 that he had earnestly, but ineffectually, endeavored to procure an An- 
 nual Communication at Columbia. The Constitution adopted in 1818 
 .had, it will be remembered, provided for one Communication of the 
 Grand Lodge in the city of Columbia, which was to be held during the 
 session of the Legislature. The evident intention was to give the Lodges 
 in the upper part of the country the chances of a representation in the 
 Grand Lodge, whose usual meetings in Charleston they were precluded 
 from attending by the great distance of their residences from the city. 
 But a reference to the proceedings of the Grand Lodge since 1818 will 
 show that no such contemplated advantage was derived from the arrange- 
 ment. It was very seldom that any of the Grand Officers attended, and 
 for some years past there had been a failure of the quorum of Lodges 
 which was necessary to authorize the transaction of business. It had, in 
 fact, proved to be a failure, and it is not, therefore, surprising that on 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 03;; 
 
 the receipt of Bro. DeSaussure's letter a proposition should at once have 
 been made to rescind that part of the Rules and Regulations which 
 provided for a Communication in Columbia. The resolution was uot, of 
 course immediately acted on, and its further consideration was in the 
 nest year indefinitely postponed, but the Grand Lodge never again met 
 in Columbia, and in 1833 the law was fiually repealed, and the Co- 
 lumbia Communication abolished. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated as usual. 
 
 Richard W. Cogdell, late Grand Master, installed the Grand Master 
 elect, who afterwards installed the other officers. 
 
 There was a procession to St. Michael's Church, prayer by Bro. Fred. 
 Dalcho, and an address by Dr. John B. Irving. 
 
 After the usual votes of thanks, on the return to the Hall, the Grand 
 Lodge was closed. 
 
 Instead of a supper, the feast this year was celebrated by a dinner. 
 
2H4- HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER XX1Y. 
 
 THE TEAR 1831. 
 
 Officers for the year 1831 : 
 
 James Eyland, Grand Master ; 
 
 H. A. DeSaussure, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 William Lance, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 John J. Alexander, Junior Grand Warden ; 
 
 John R. Rogers, Grand Treasurer ; 
 
 Alex. McDonald, Corresponding Grand Secretary ; 
 
 Edward Hughes, Recording Grand Secretary ; 
 
 James S. Burges, ) « . ~ 7 r, 
 
 > senior Grand Deacons ; 
 Edward Southworth, J 
 
 Archibald Wanless, ) r . ri , ^ 
 
 7 > Junior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 SAMUEL BERBANT, j 
 
 Samuel Rowan, Grand Marshal; 
 A. McFeeters, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 George Irvine, Grand Steward ; 
 James Drummond, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 25th of March, 1881. Dr. Irving 
 declined acceding to the request of the Grand Lodge, to permit his 
 address on St. John's day to be published. 
 
 It was resolved that all future resignations from the Grand Lodge 
 should be by letter. 
 
 Since the Festival of St. John the Evangelist, Bro. John Roche, the 
 Grand Tiler, had died, aud the Grand Master now gave notice that he 
 had appointed James Drummoud to supply the vacancy. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 24th of June. No business of im- 
 portance was transacted. Samuel Berbant was installed as a Junior 
 Grand Deacon, and James Drummond as Grand Tiler. 
 
 The consideration of the proposed amendment to the constitution, 
 to abolish the Annual Communication at Columbia, was indefinitely 
 postponed. 
 
 Special Communication on the 5th of August, 1831. No business 
 of any importance to the history of Masonry was transacted. The 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 235 
 
 Grand Lodge had been convened to take into consideration certain 
 financial matters in relation to Winyah Lodge No. 40, which were sub- 
 sequently satisfactorily arranged. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 30th of September, 1831. The 
 Grand Master was requested to prepare a petition to the Legislature, 
 praying an extension of the time for drawing the lottery. The original 
 grant had been for three years, and during that period no advantage 
 had been taken of the privilege. The petition now authorized was 
 prepared and presented, and a further time of three years was granted. 
 This period, however, also expired, and the Grand Lodge again neg- 
 lected to avail itself of the advantages of the grant. The Masonic 
 lottery was a failure. 
 
 Arrangements were made for celebrating St. John's day, and Bro. 
 James W. Gray was elected the Orator. 
 
 Again there was no Communication at Columbia, and Bro. DeSaus- 
 sure, in announcing the fact of the failure to the Grand Lodge, re- 
 marked "that great apathy appears to exist on the subject of Masonry." 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 16th of December, 1831. The 
 election of Graud Officers took place, and Henry A. DeSaussure was 
 elected Grand Master. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated as usual. 
 Bro. Eyland, the late Grand Master, iustalled the Grand Master elect, 
 who, after the delivery of a very able address, then installed the remain- 
 ing officers. 
 
 A procession then moved to St. Michael's Church, where, after prayer 
 by Dr. Dalcho, " an eloquent and truly Masonic address " was delivered 
 by Bro. James W. Gray. 
 
 After the usual votes of thanks, the Grand Lodge was closed, and the 
 brethren celebrated the "Grand Feast" by a supper in the evening 
 
936 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRV 
 
 CHAPTEK XXV. 
 
 THE YEAR 1832. 
 
 Officers for the year 1832 : 
 
 H. A. DeSaussure, Grand Master ; 
 
 Wm. Lance, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 John J. Alexander, Senior Grand Warden ; 
 
 Horatio G. Street, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 John R. Rogers, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 Alex. McDonald, Corresponding Grand Secretary; 
 
 Edward Hughes, Recording Grand Secretary; 
 
 Archibald Wanless, ) ^^ Gmnd Beacons . 
 
 John Ewan, 3 
 
 John C. Pillans, ) T . n -, n 
 
 ; y Junior Grand Deacons; • 
 
 Thomas R. Saltar, ) 
 
 Samuel Rowan, Grand Marshal; 
 
 Andrew McFeeters, Grand Pursuivant; 
 
 George Irvine, j Qrand Stewards; 
 
 Thomas B. Swift, j 
 
 James Drummond, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 30th of March, 1832. The finan- 
 cial circumstances of the Grand Lodge were now in a very favorable 
 condition. It was in possession of a valuable lot which had been fully 
 paid for, with a small invested fund, and an estimated income of 
 $1,736. It is not, therefore, surprising that the favorite idea was still 
 entertained, and that too with some prospect of success, of erectiDg a 
 Hall which should be of a durable character and worthy of the insti- 
 tution. Accordingly, at this Communication, a committee of seven 
 was appointed to inquire into the practicability of erecting a fit and 
 proper Masonic Hall on the lot of the Grand Lodge, and to ascertain 
 whether sufficient funds could be obtained by loan, issue of stock or 
 otherwise, and also to correspond with the Lodges and other Masonic 
 bodies on the subject. 
 
 A new warrant was granted to Lodge No. 10, in place of the old one, 
 which had been lost or mislaid. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 29th of June, 1832, but no business 
 of interest was transacted. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 237 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 29th of September, 1832. Abbe- 
 ville Lodge No. 56, at Abbeville C. H., and St. Alban's No 38, at 
 Darlington C. H., were declared extinct, and the Grand Secretary was 
 directed to demand their warrants of constitution and property. 
 
 The Grand Lodge determined to dispense with the usual procession 
 on St. John's day, and to have the address delivered in the Lodge 
 room. Dr. St. John Phillips was selected as the Orator. 
 
 Lodge No. 59, at Cedar Spring, was permitted to remove to Abbe- 
 ville C. H. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 14th of December, 1832. The 
 annual election was held, and H. A. DeSaussure was reelected Grand 
 Master. 
 
 The fees and contributions to the Grand Lodge were, on the motion 
 of Brother McDonald, reduced as follows : Arrears of members of the 
 Grand Lodge, $3 per annum; representatives of Lodges, each $2.50; 
 proxies of country Lodges, $5 ; and Lodges for each of their members, 
 except their representatives, and such as are members of the Grand 
 Lodge, 50 cents each. The contribution of the various Lodges to the 
 charity fund was dispensed with, and ordered thenceforth to be retained 
 by the Lodges. 
 
 As there had been no alteration of any importance in the rules and 
 regulations of the Grand Lodge since their adoption in 1818, and as 
 experience had shown the necessity of some amendments, a committee 
 was appointed to report to the Grand Lodge what revisions were 
 required. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated without any 
 public demonstration, as had been previously determined. There was 
 no procession. The brethren met at five o'clock in the evening. The 
 Grand Master elect was installed by Joel R. Poinsett, Past Deputy 
 Grand Master, and then the former installed the other officers. 
 
 At the previous Quarterly Communication, the subject of instructing 
 the Lodges in the work had been under consideration, and a commit- 
 tee had been appointed to recommend the best method of accomplish- 
 ing this object. On the feast day, the committee suggested that a 
 Lodge of Instruction should be organized, of which the Grand Master 
 and Grand Wardens should be the presiding officers, the members to 
 be appointed by the Grand Master. The subject was, however, laid on 
 the table. 
 
 An address was then delivered by Brother St: John Phillips, and the 
 celebration of tlie day was concluded by a supper. 
 
23S HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER XXYI. 
 
 THE YE Alt 1833. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1 833 : 
 
 Henry A. DeSaussure, Grand Master ; 
 
 William Lance, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 John J. Alexander, Senior Grand Warden ; 
 
 H. G. Street, Junior Grand Warden ; 
 
 John R. Rogers, Grand treasurer; 
 
 Alex. McDonald, Corresponding Grand Secretary ; 
 
 Edward Hughes, Recording Grand Secretary ; 
 
 A. WANLESS, ) o • ri j n 
 
 7 \ senior Grand Deacons ; 
 John Ewan, ) 
 
 Thomas R. Saltar, ) 7 . n , n 
 
 7 > Junior. Grand, Deacons ; 
 John Ferguson, ) 
 
 Samuel Rowan, Grand Marshal; 
 
 A. McFeeters, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 Thomas B. Swift, Grand Steward ; 
 
 James Drummond, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 29th of March, 1833. The reso- 
 lution adopted at the last Quarterly Communication, reducing the fees 
 and contributions to the Grand Lodge, was reconsidered, and referred 
 to the committee on the revision of the by-laws. 
 
 The resolutions offered on St. John's day, 1832, in reference to a 
 Lodge of Instruction, were taken up and modified as follows :J That a 
 Lodge of Instruction should be organized for the purpose^of carrying 
 into effect the system of work adopted by the Grand|Lodge in the year 
 1823, and that the Grand Master should nominate seven members to 
 form this Lodge. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 28th of June, 1833. The only 
 transaction worthy of record that occurred at this Communication, was 
 the resignation of Bro. H. G. Street, Junior Grand Warden, in conse- 
 quence of his intended removal from the State, and the acceptance by 
 the Grand Lodge of that resignation. Fortunately this has not, in 
 later days, been admitted as a precedent, and the Grand Lodge of South 
 
I\ SOITH CAROLINA, 239 
 
 Carolina has, for many years, maintained the doctrine of Masonic law, 
 that an officer, haviug been installed, cannot resign during his term of 
 office. Even in this case, the Graud Lodge did not elect another Junior 
 Grand Warden to supply the vacancy. During the remainder of the 
 year the South was occupied, from time to time, by temporary appoint- 
 ments. 
 
 The committee on the revision of the by-laws reported various 
 amendments and alterations, which received their first reading. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 27th of December, 1833. The 
 Grand Master announced his appointment of the officers of the Lodge 
 of Instruction. As this was the first Lodge of Instruction ever organ- 
 ized in the State, it may be interesting to record the names of the 
 persons appointed. They were as follows : James Eyland, W. Master ; 
 Alex. McDonald, Senior Warden; Geo. B. Eckhard, Junior Warden; 
 St. John Phillips, Senior Beacon; Archibald Wanless, J an ior . Deacon .; 
 James S. Burges, Treasurer ; Edward Hughes, Secretary ; James 
 Drummond, Titer. 
 
 The delinquency of many of the Lodges in making returns had 
 been a constant subject of complaint with the Graud Treasurer. At 
 length the Grand Lodge determined to endeavor to enforce the obser- 
 vation of duty by a stringent resolution, and declared that on their 
 failure to make their returns and pay their dues by St. John's day next, 
 the warrants of all delinquent Lodges should be suspended, and on in- 
 formation being received of their continuing to work, that a trusty 
 brother should be clothed with ample powers to visit them, demand 
 their warrants and close their affairs. 
 
 It was determined that there should be no processiou on St. John's 
 day, and the Grand Master was requested to appoint some brother to 
 deliver an address in the Lodge room on that occasion. 
 
 The second reading of the revised by-laws was postponed, and it 
 was ordered that 150 copies should be printed for distribution among 
 the Lodges and the members of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 13th of December, 1833. The 
 Grand Master was authorized to issue a warrant, of constitution for 
 Clinton Lodge No. GO, at Marion Court House, ou the compliance of 
 the petitioners with certain formalities which had been neglected in 
 their application to the Grand Lodge. 
 
 The Grand Lodge proceeded to make choice of Grand Officers for 
 (he next year. Bro. II. A. DeSaussure was reelected Grand Master. 
 
 Special Communication on the 20th of December, 1833. The Roles 
 
240 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 and Regulations reported by the committee on the revision of the 
 by-laws were read and finally adopted for the government of the 
 Grand Lodge and the Craft in the jurisdiction, in the place of the 
 code which had been adopted in the year 1818. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated this year in 
 the simplest manuer. There was no procession and no banquet. The 
 brethren met at night, and the Grand Master elect, having been 
 installed by Bro. R. W. Cogdell, Past Grand Master, then installed the 
 other officers. 
 
 Bro. A. McDonald, who had been elected Corresponding Grand 
 Secretary, having refused to serve, an election was held to fill the 
 vacancy, and Bro. W. B. Foster was chosen. 
 
 That distinguished Mason and Masonic writer, the Rev. Thaddeus 
 M. Harris,* of Massachusetts, being at this time in the city, was 
 invited to attend the Communication of the Grand Lodge, but being 
 compelled to decline, he sent a letter expressing his regret, and tender- 
 ing to the officers and members " the cordialities of an old and strongly 
 attached adherent to the institution." 
 
 The Grand Master delivered the address, and the Grand Lodge was 
 closed. 
 
 * He is the author of several admirable Masonic addresses, and a learned 
 Dissertation on the Tessera Hospitalis of the Ancient Romans, which were pub- 
 lished at Charlestown, Mass., in 1801, under the following title: "Discourses 
 delivered on public occasions, illustrating the Principles, displaying the tendency, 
 and vindicating the design of Freemasonry. By Thaddeus Mason Harris." He 
 was at one time Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge and Grand Chapter of Mas- 
 sachusetts. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 241 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 
 THE YEAR 1834. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1834 : 
 
 Henry A. DeSaussure, Grand Master ; 
 
 John J. Alexander, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 Archibald McFeeters, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 Samuel Seyle, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 John li. Rogers, Grand Treasurer ; 
 
 Wm. B. Foster, Corresponding Grand Secretary; 
 
 Edward Hughes, Recording Grand Secretary ; 
 
 Archibald Wanless, ) . 
 
 T T -, > Senior Grand Deacons; 
 
 John Lwan, j 
 
 John Ferguson, ) . 
 
 m i> o r Junior Grand Deacons; 
 
 Thomas B. Swift, j 
 
 Samuel Rowan, Grand Marshal; 
 
 Thomas R. Saltar, Grand Pursuivant; 
 
 A. C. Dibble, ) 
 
 T o u r Grand Stewards ; 
 
 James S. Burges, j ' 
 
 James Drummond, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 28th of March, 1834. A commit- 
 tee was appointed on the state of the Subordinate Lodges, with power 
 to make such arrangements in behalf of the Grand Lodge as they might 
 deem most conducive to its interests and the welfare of the Craft. The 
 delinquencies of the Lodges were now beginning seriously to affect the 
 revenues of the Grand Lodge and the prosperity of the Order. 
 
 An equitable decision was made in relation to the funds of dormant 
 Lodg'.s which might afterwards be revived. In 1811, Solomon's Lodge 
 No. 1 became extinct by the death or loss of all its members except 
 one. The survivor, in surrendering the warrant and jewels of the 
 Lodsre, delivered up to the Grand Treasurer (he sum of $96 94, which 
 had been the property of the Lodge. After the revival of the Lodge, 
 it applied to the Grand Lodge to refund the money. The Grand Lodge 
 at this meeting decided that the Lodge was justly entitled to it, and or- 
 dered it to be returned. 
 16 
 
242 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 27th of June, 1834. No business 
 of any interest was transacted. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 27th of September, 1834. About 
 this tiiiif that scourge of nations, the Asiatic cholera, was threatening 
 to oppress our land with its pestiferous influences, and all n en were 
 making preparations to provide against the wretchedness and e\il that 
 it would bring in its train. Communities were erecting hospitals for the 
 reception of the poor and the stranger, and active charity was ready to 
 extend its helping hind to the destitute. The Grand Lodge was not 
 unmindful of its duty on this occasion, and on the suggestion of Bro. 
 C. M. Furman, the Committee of Charity were au horized to draw on 
 the Grand Treasurer for one hundred dollars, to be retained by the 
 Chairman for immediate use in the event of the ; ppearance of cholera 
 in * harleston. 
 
 It was defernrned to dispense with the procession oil St. John's day, 
 and the Grand Master was requested to appoint some brother to deliver 
 an address in the Lodge room. 
 
 Special Communication on the 24th of November, 1834. The meet- 
 ing was called to consider a proposition from Mr. Vanderlyn, the cele- 
 brated historical painter, who was desirous of leasing a part of the lot 
 for the erection of a building in which to exhibit a panorama. Terms, 
 however, were nut agreed upon, and the lot was not leased. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 1 9th of December, 1834. A com- 
 pany had been organized in the city of Cha'.Ieston to erect a new thea- 
 tre, and being desirous of obtaining the lot of tie Grand Lodge as an 
 appr >priate site for their edifice, a communication was received from 
 K. YYitherspoon, in bihalf of the company, inquiring what was ;he 
 ''lowest cash price" which the Grand Lodge would demand for it. 
 The subject was refeired to a special committee of nine to report 
 whether, in their opinion, the lot should b: sold, and on what terms. 
 
 Thomas Wright Bacot, Past Grand Master, having died since the last 
 Quarterly Communication, a committee was appointed to draft a pre- 
 amble and resolutions expressive of the deep regret of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 The annual election of Grand Officers to^k place, and H. A. DeSaus- 
 sure was reelected Grand Master. 
 
 Special Communication on the 26th of December, 1834. The com- 
 mittee to whom the offer of the Theatre Company for the purchase of 
 the lot had been referred, repo'ted that although the lot was in an ad- 
 vantageous situation for a spacious Masonic Hall, yet there was no 
 proLability that the funds could be realized to authorize the commence- 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 243 
 
 merit of a building for a long course of yours, while the other resource, 
 by sale of the lottery, had utterly faileJ, as the -rant expired by 
 law on the 20th of December, 1834. They, therefore, recommended 
 that the lot be sold for twelve thousand five hundred d .liars, and they 
 expressed the opinion that for this money a proper building might be 
 purchased and prepared for the use of the Grand Lodge and" other Ma- 
 son'c bodies. 
 
 The report was adopted, and the committee were authorized to eff?ct 
 the sale on these terms. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated according to 
 the previous arrangement. There wa< no precession, but the officers 
 were installed. The Grand Master elect was installed by Bro Geo. B. 
 Eckhard, Past Senior Grand Warden, and the former then installed the 
 other officers. 
 
 An address was delivered by Bro. Win. II. Inglcsby, Past Master of 
 Solomon's Lodge No. 1. 
 
 Ke.^ol lions expressive of the deep regret of the Grand L-dgc for the 
 death of Bro. Thomas W. Bacot, Past Gran i Master, wore then°adopted. 
 
 Bro. Bacot had be.n the first Grand Master of the Grand Lodge 
 after the union of the two Grand Lodges in 1817. Speaking of this 
 uuion, which was the beginning of the Grand Lodge, and of the char- 
 acter of the deceased, the obituary says : 
 
 "Under this new and felicitous Institution of Masonic government, 
 our deceased Grand Master presided in the East lor ma; y years. His 
 retirement from this honorable and august post, for which, in every re- 
 spect, he was so conspicuously qualified, was followed by the lasting 
 r-gr t of the Craft. In resigning, however, the functions of that most 
 worshipful office, he uever contemplated an abatement of his ardour, or 
 a relaxation of his endeavors, in the beneficent cause he had so long 
 served While health enabled a .d permitted him to employ in his 
 economy and division of time, a portio . of it in consulting and ad- 
 vancing the good fortunes and temporal bkssinj» s f t i ie Fraternity, he 
 was always prep .red with a joyful alacrity to animate, cheer and instruct 
 us by his presence; his scientific and enlightened erudition in the Cer- 
 e . i.onies, Mysteries, and all the genuine and ancient Landmarks, trans- 
 mitted to posterity, through successive generations, from the remotest 
 age or the primitive epoch of Masonry." 
 
 The Grand Lodge was ordered to be clothed in mourning for six 
 months. The Grand Lodge was then closed. 
 
 The Craft concluded the celebration of the day by a supper. 
 
244 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTEK XXYIIL 
 
 THE YEAR 1835. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1835 : 
 
 H. A. DeSaussure, Grand Master ; 
 
 C. M. FURMAN, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 Jas. S. BURGES, Senior Grand Warden ; 
 
 Wm. S. KlNG, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 JOHN R. ROGERS, Grand Treasurer ; 
 
 Wm. B. Foster, Corresponding Grand Secretary ; 
 
 Edward Hughes, Recording Grand Secretary ; 
 
 A. Wanless, ) c . ~ , r. 
 
 _ > Senior Grand Deacons; 
 
 John Ewan, J 
 
 Tho. B. Swift, ) 7 . „ 7 ,-, 
 
 _ > Junior (xr and Deacons ; 
 
 James Moorhead, 3 
 
 Samuel Rowan, Grand Marshal ; 
 
 Thomas R. Saltar, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 Thomas A. Hayden, Grand Steward; 
 
 James Drummond, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Quarterly Comtnumcation on the 27th of March, 1835. The com- 
 mittee on the sale of the lot had made good progress, and secured 
 its purchase, by the Theatre company, at the price of twelve thousand 
 five hundred dollars. But a difficulty in the delivery had occurred 
 in the fact that the tenant of one of the houses on the lot, whose 
 lease did not expire until the 5th of November, 1836, had refused 
 to vacate the premises unless the Grand Lodge would reimburse 
 him for his expenditures and the loss he might sustain in moving. 
 This difficulty was at length, however, removed by the Theatre com- 
 pany consenting to take the lot, with the incumbrance of this unex- 
 pired lease, on the Grand Lodge's consenting to an abatement of one 
 hundred and fifty dollars in the price, so that in July the arrangement 
 was finally concluded, and the lot sold for twelve thousand three hun- 
 dred and fifty dollars. 
 
 As the Grand Lodge would, by this contemplated sale, be soon with- 
 out a place in which to hold its Communications, and several of the 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 245 
 
 Subordinate Lodges would be subjected to the same inconvenience, it 
 became necessary to make some future provision. The west eud of 
 the Market terminated, at that time, abruptly on Meeting street, and 
 this western termination would, naturally, have been improved by the 
 erection, at the end of the Market, of a building which, by its archi- 
 tectural details, might become an ornament to the city. The land was 
 the propeyty of the city, granted to it many years before by Gen. C. C. 
 Pinckney, as a place on which to erect and forever hold a Town Mar- 
 ket. The attention of the Grand Lodge was directed to this as au 
 appropriate site on which to erect a Masonic Hall, provided the consent 
 of the City Council could be obtained. Its advantages were, that it was 
 a central situation, the erection of a Hall at that place would be a 
 handsome ornament to the city, and the cost of the buildings would be 
 all that it would be necessary for the Grand Lodge to incur, which 
 would, of course, materially diminish the amount of funds necessary to 
 be raised. The Grand Master was, therefore, directed to address a let- 
 ter to the City Council, enquiring whether that body would grant per- 
 mission for the Grand Lodge to cause a building, suitable for a Masonic 
 Hall, to be erected on the vacant space at the west end of the Market 
 which bu.lding was to be constructed so as to serve for a Market in the 
 basement, and a Ball room and Masonic Hall on the first and second 
 floors. 
 
 The special committee on the subject were also directed to procure a 
 plan and obtain estimates of such a building. 
 
 Special Communication c. n the 22d of May, 1835, for the further 
 cooperation of the proposition for the sale and purchase of the lot 
 The Grand Master informed the Grand Lodge that he had addressed a 
 letter to the City Council, enquiring whether they would grant per- 
 mission for the erection of a hall on the vacant space at the west end 
 of the Market, and that council desired to be furnished with a plan of 
 the building intended to be erected. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 26th of June, 1835. The sale of 
 the lot still occupied the attention of the Grand Lodge, to the exclusion 
 ot all other business, except the quarterly report of the Grand Trea- 
 surer. This showed a balance of only 8101 51 in hand. 
 
 Special Communication on the 13th of July, 1835. The Grand 
 Master announced that the sale of the lot had been concluded for 
 twelve thousand three hundred and fifty dollars, the titles executed, and 
 the money received and deposited by the Grand Treasurer in the Bank 
 of the State. The Grand Master also stated, that an arrangement had 
 
246 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 been made by winch the Gr. nd L dgc would be permitted to hold its 
 meetings in the Grand Lodge mom, fee of charge, until ( therwise 
 notified by the purchasers of the h>t, to whom the rent of the room by 
 Subordinate Lodges was thereafter to be pnid. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 25th of September, 1835. The 
 report of the Grai.d Treasurer showed that the sum of $12,106 88 
 was in his hands at the disposal of the Grand Lodge. The Grand 
 Treasurer was directed to iuvest the purchase money of the lot in city 
 five per ce*'t. stock. 
 
 The building comn ittec reported that they had engaged Mr. Hyde, 
 one of the first architects in the city, to prepare a plan of a Masonic 
 Hall. 
 
 The Grand Lodge determined to dispense with a procession on St. 
 John's day, but to have a banquet. No arrangements were made for 
 the el ction «»f an Orator. 
 
 Brother James Eyland, Past Grand Master, having died since tho 
 last Communication, obituary resolutions in his honor were adopted, 
 and the Grand Lodge room was ordered to be dresseJ in the u^ual 
 Masonic mourning until St. John's day. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 1 8th of December, 1835. The 
 annual election of Grand 0«fije:s took place, when John J. Alexander 
 Was elected Grand Master. 
 
 The thanks of the Grand Lodge were returned to Brother H A. 
 DeSaussure, Grand Ma.-ter, "for the faithful aud nieruorious'serviees 
 performed by him for the last four years." 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated on Monday, 
 28th of December, 1835. Brother DeSaussure, Past Grand Master, 
 installed the Grand Master elect, and the latter then installed the other 
 officers. Thjre was no procession nor address, but the Grand Lodge 
 concluded the celebration of the day with a banquet. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. £47 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 
 THE YEAR 1836. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for (he year 1836: 
 
 John J Alexander, Grant? Matter; 
 
 Wm. S Kino, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 James Moouhead, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 W T M. B. Fo ter, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 John II. KoOERS, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 J«'HN W. Bruen, Correspond in;/ Grand Serrefary ; 
 
 Edward HUGHES, Recording Grand Secretary; 
 
 A. Wanless, ) „ . ~ j _ 
 
 t ^ »» \ •Senior Grand Deacons; 
 
 John C. Hotf, ) 
 
 Andrew .McFeeters, ) r . ~ 7 ~ 
 
 m _, „ > Junior Grand Beacons; 
 
 Thomas B. Swift, j 
 
 Solomon Moses, Grand Marsha/; 
 
 Thomas R. Saltar, Grand Pursuivant; 
 
 Amity Bailey, Grand Steward; 
 
 James Drummond, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 25th of March, 1836. On the 
 ^application of Orange Lodge No. 14, a dispetisation was granted, per- 
 mitting that Lodge to meet quarterly instead of monthly. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 24th of June, 1836. A commu- 
 nication was received from Brother W. K. liarvey, 'late Secretary of 
 Columbia Lodge No. 39, giving information of the extinction of that 
 Lodge, and of the property having been sold by the Master in Equity; 
 and also presenting a claim for services as Secretary, amounting to 
 §150; and a statement Irom the Master in Equity, showing a balance 
 remaining in his hands of §834 i>7. 
 
 It was ordered that Brother Harvoy be paid his claim on his pro- 
 ducing a certificate from the late Master of the amount due him ; and 
 that the Grand Treasurer apply to the Commissioner in Equity of Hich- 
 land District for the amount in his t hands. It may be added, that after 
 the necessary formalities the amount was obtained and paid over into 
 the treasury of the Graud Lodge. 
 
248 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 The committee appointed to procure plans and estimates for a Hall, 
 and to select an eligible site, was dissolved, and a new one appointed 
 with the same powers. 
 
 Special Communication on the 1st of August, 1835. During the 
 recess of the Grand Lodge, plans and specifications of the Hall had 
 been obtained from Mr. Hyde, the architect, and had been laid before 
 the City Council. That body had suggested some alteration in the 
 foundation and the columns of the basement story, but consented to 
 give the use of the site at the west end of the market on the following 
 conditions : 
 
 " 1st. That the building shall be commenced within one year from 
 this date, and be carried on with all reasonable despatch ; if not com- 
 pleted within twelve months from the laying of the foundations, the 
 Grand Lodge shall forfeit to the City Council five dollars per day until 
 the building shall be finished. 
 
 " 2d. That the lower part of the building under the arches be for- 
 ever kept open as a market place, or applied to such purposes as the 
 City Council may direct, free of all charge to Council or their assigns. 
 
 "3d. That the Hall be so constructed as to be capable of accommo- 
 dating large assemblies of the citizens, and be open free of charge for 
 all general meetings of the citizens which may be called by an order of 
 the lntendant, and held during the day time. 
 
 "4th. That the fee simple of the land shall continue vested in Council, 
 but the Grand Lodge and their assigns be warranted in the use and 
 enjoyment of the rents and profits to accrue and be derived from the 
 buildings forever, saving the exceptions herein contained, free from all 
 rent, charges and assessments on the part of the City Council. 
 
 "5th. If by any casualty the building should be destroyed, it must 
 be rebuilt within five years from the time of such accident, or the 
 Grand Lodge shall forfeit all right to rebuild." 
 
 These conditions were accepted, with the exception of the proposi- 
 tion to modify the architectural details of the basement, and, on appli- 
 cation to the City Council, subsequently, the matter was satisfactorily 
 arranged. The plans were submitted at this Communication to the 
 Grand Lodge, and the special committee appointed at the last Commu- 
 nication was discharged, and a building committee appointed, of which 
 Brother Alexander McDonald was chairman. This committee was 
 directed to advertise for contracts for the brick and wood work, and 
 Mr. Hyde was retained as the architect. The Fraternity was now 
 nearer to the prospect of securing a hall than it had ever been. We will 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 249 
 
 hereafter see how this pleasing prospect was destined, in a short tirae ? 
 to terminate in failure and disappointment. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 30th of September, 1836. The 
 Building Committee announced that it had been estimated by the archi- 
 t?ct, from offers received from several mechanics, that the building 
 could be completed for twenty thousand three hundred and seventy dol- 
 lars. The Committee were authorized to accept contracts for the build- 
 ing, not to exceed twenty-one thousand dollars. The Committee were 
 also directed to request from the Subordinate Lodges and Chapters the 
 loan of such funds as they may be disposed to afford towards the build- 
 ing. 
 
 It was resolved to dispense with the procession and address on St. 
 John's day, and to have a supper. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 16th of December, l c 36. The 
 deed of covenant between the City Council and the Grand Lodge was 
 ordered to be submitted to the Solicitor of the Grand Lodge fur exam- 
 ination. 
 
 The annual election took place, and Bro. Joel 11. Poinsett was elected 
 Grand Master. During the year the Recording Grand Secretary, Bro. 
 Edward Hughes, who had filled the office for seventeen years, had re- 
 moved from the State, and the duties had been temporarily performed by 
 Bro. John H. Honour. At the annual election the latter was chosen 
 Grand Secretary, in the place of Bro. Hughes. 
 
 The Grand Lodge finding it necessary to remove from the building 
 which it then occupied as a Grand Lodge room, appointed a committee 
 to make arrangements for its future meetings in Seyle's Hall, in King- 
 street, between Market and Hasell streets. The Recording Grand 
 Secretary was directed to inform the Masters of the Lodges which had 
 been meeting in the Grand Lodge room of the intended removal. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated by a banquet 
 at night, without cither procession or address. Ttie Grand Lodge met 
 on this occasion in Seyle's Hall. 
 
 Bro. Joel R. Poinsett, Grand Master elect, having communicated to 
 the Grand Lodge that he declined serving in that office, it was resolved 
 that the election of Grand Master be postponed until the Quarterly 
 Communication in March. The acting Grand Master, Bro. J. J. Alex- 
 ander, then proceeded to install the other officers. 
 
 Notice was given by the committee appointed for that purpose, that 
 they had made arrangements with Bro. iScyle for the future meetings 
 of the Grand Lodsre in his hall. 
 
250 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Bro* Frederick Dalcho having; died previous to the last Quarterly 
 Communication, a committee had been appointed to draft resolutions 
 expressive of the feelings of the Grand Lodge. That committee, at 
 this Communication, reported a suitable preamble and several resolu- 
 tions, expressive of the respect and regret of the Graud Lodge, which 
 were, of course, unanimously adopted. 
 
 As Dr. Dalcho, from the commencement of his Masonic career to 
 within a few years of his death, had occupied a more prominent posi- 
 sition than any other person it) the affairs of the Craft in this jurisdic- 
 tion, and as his name has become indissolubly connected with the his- 
 tory of Masonry in the State, a brief memoir will be, I presume, neither 
 inappropriate nor unacceptable in this place. 
 
 Mmoir of Rev. Fred. Dalcho, M.D. 
 
 Of the early years of the lift- of Dr Dalcho, who has played so im- 
 portant a part in the Masonic history of this country, but little is known. 
 His f aher was a Prussian, but having removed :o London, the subject 
 of this memoir was bom in that city in the year 17(59. While still a 
 youth, he was sent b) his father to the city of Raltimore, Maryland, to 
 which place One of his uncles had previously e uigrated. Here, under 
 the guardianship of that rel the, he studied the profession of medi- 
 cine; and, having received his doctorate, he entered the army as a sur- 
 geon, and was appointed to the military post in the harbor of Charles- 
 ton, where he remained until the year 1790, when, that portion of the 
 troops to which he had been attached, being disbanded by the Govern- 
 ment, he was engaged by the firm of McClure & Co., as surgeon of one 
 of their ships trading to Africa. He made. I thiik, however, not more 
 than one or two voyages, when he left that employment, and, in 1800, 
 established himself in the city of Charleston, in partnership with Dr. 
 Isaac Auld (who subsequently united with him in much of his Ma- 
 sonic career), as a practicing physician. He continued the practice of 
 his profession with general success for some years, and his devotion to 
 its studies is commemorated by several able articles, which he published 
 in the Recorder and other medical periodicals of the times. He was 
 also instrumental, during this period, in the establishment of a Botanic 
 Society and garden in the city of his adoption, and, altogether, exhib- 
 ited that spirit of enterprise and energy which distinguished him in his 
 previous and subsequent pursuits of life. At length, abandoning his 
 profession, whether for want of sufficient eucouragement, or for what- 
 ever other cause I know not, he became connected, as Editor, in the 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 251 
 
 year 1807, with the Courier, the oldest now existing pappr in Char'es- 
 ton. Finally, under ;i sense of religious duty, he determined to devote 
 himself to the especial service of the church, and commenced the study 
 of divinity. On the 12th February, 1814, he was ordained a Peacou 
 of the Protestant Episcopal Church, by Bishop Dehon, of South Caro- 
 lina; ; nd a Priest, ou the 12th June, 1818, by Bishop White, of 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Shortly after his induction into orders, having first served in two 
 other parishes, he received the appoint iient of Assistant Minister of 
 St. Michael's Church, in the city of Chariest n; an honorable and use- 
 ful position, which he occupied with great credit to himself and satis- 
 faction to his flock until the day of his death. During the last two 
 years of his life, however, Dr. Dal-lio had been compelled, by the in- 
 firmities of disease, to withdraw from active participation in the duties 
 of his calling; but, through the kindness and respect of the congrega- 
 tion, his relative position to rhem was not altered. 
 
 On Thursday, the 24th of November, 18o6, he died at his residence 
 in Meeting street, Charleston, in the 67th year of his age. One who 
 app-ars to have known him will, and to whom the melancholy task of 
 writing his obituary was entrusted, says of him, that "he died in the 
 comfortable possession of a religious holy hope, and in perfect charity 
 with all the world." 
 
 lie was buried on the south side of St. Michael's Church, and the 
 following inscription, from the pen of his diocesan, Bishop Bowen, was 
 placed i ear the head of his grave : 
 
 Tins Stone 
 
 Is erected by the Vestry of St. Michael's Church 
 
 iu memory 
 
 of 
 
 THE REV. FREDERICK DALCHO, M.D, 
 
 who, 
 having served this Church as Assistant Minister 
 
 for 17 years, 
 
 Died on the 24th day of November, A.D., 1836, 
 
 in the 67th year of his age, 
 
 and was buried near this place. 
 
 Fidelity, Industry, and Prudence, 
 
 were characteristics of his ministry. 
 
252 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 He loved the Church, delighted to the last in its service, and found in 
 
 death the solace and support of the faith, which, with an exemplary 
 
 consistency, he had practiced. 
 
 Steadfast and unshaken 
 
 in his own peculiar convictions and actions, 
 
 as a member and minister of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 
 
 he lived and died "in perfect charity 
 
 with all men." 
 
 Dr. Dalcho's labors in the Church were not confiued to the discharge 
 simply of his pastoral duties. The "Gospel Messenger," which, for 
 many years, was the Episcopal organ of South Carolina, was indebted 
 to him for its projection ; and for a long time he was, with entire dis- 
 interestedness, its principal conductor. He was also the author of two 
 well-written but unpretending works, namely: "Evidences of the 
 Divinity of Jesus Christ," and "The Evidence from Prophecy for the 
 Truth of Chrisiianilty and the Divinity of Christ," besides many 
 sermons and essays, some of the latter being quite elaborate, which 
 were printed in the " Grospel Messenger." But his principal contribu- 
 tion to the literature of his sacred calling is an octavo volume, entitled, 
 "An Historical Account of the Protestant Episcopal Chu ch in South 
 Carolina," which still continues to be referred to as a work of standard 
 authority on subjects connected with the religious history of the times 
 and places which it embraces. 
 
 The Masonic career of Dr. Dalcho closely connects him with the 
 history of York Masonry iu South Carolina, and with that of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Rite throughout the United States. 
 
 He was initiated at the time that the jurisdiction of South Carolina 
 was divided by the existence and the dissensions of two Grand 
 Lodges, the one deriving its authority from the Grand Lodge of 
 Free aud Accepted Masons of England, and the other from the spuri- 
 ous or Athol Grand Lodge of York Masous. In what Lodge, or at 
 what precise time, he was admitted into the Order, I am unable to say, 
 but his own declaration informs us that he was initiated in a York or 
 Athol Lodge. His constant desire appears, however, to have been to 
 unite these discordant elements, and to uproot the evil spirit of Ma- 
 sonic rivalry and contention, which at that time prevailed; a wish 
 which was happily gratified, at length, by the union of the two Grand 
 Lodges of South Carolina in 1817, a consummation to which he himself 
 greatly contributed. 
 
 In 1801, Dr. Dalcho received the ultimate degree of the Thirty- 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 253 
 
 Third or Sovereign Grand Inspector of the Ancient and Accepted 
 Rite, from Col. John Mitchell, the successor of 13. M. Spitzcr; and on 
 the 31st of May, 1801, he became instrumental in the establishment, 
 at Charleston, of the Supreme Council for the Southern Jurisdiction of 
 the United States, of which body he was appointed Grand Secretary, 
 and afterwards Grand Commander, which latter position he occupied 
 until a short time before his death, wheu he resigned, and was succeeded 
 by Dr. Auld. 
 
 On the 23d of September, 1801, he delivered an Oration before the 
 Sublime Grand Lodge in Charleston. This, and another, delivered on 
 the 21st of March, 1803, before the same body, accompanied by a 
 learned historical appendix, were published in the latter year, under 
 the general name of " Dalcho's Orations." The work was soon after 
 republished in Dublin, and McCosh says that there were other editions 
 issued iii Europe, which, however, I have never seen. The Oration of 
 1803, and the appendix, furnish the best information which then, 
 and, for many years afterwards, was accessible to the Craft in relation 
 to the history of the Ancient and Accepted Kite in this country. 
 
 In 1807, at the request of the Grand Lodge of York Masons of 
 South Carolina, he published an " Ahiman Rezon," which was adopted 
 as the code for the government of the Lodges under the jurisdiction 
 of that body. 
 
 In 1808, he was elected Corresponding Grand Secretary of the 
 Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons, and from that time directed 
 the influences of his high position to the reconciliation of the Masonio 
 difficulties in South Carolina. 
 
 In 1817, the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, and that 
 of Ancient York Masons of South Carolina, became united under the 
 name of " The Grand Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of South Caro- 
 lina," and at the first annual Communication Brother Dalcho was 
 elected Grand Chaplain. The duties of this office he faithfully per- 
 formed, and for many years delivered a public address or sermon on the 
 Festival of St. John the Evangelist. 
 
 In 1821, he was requested to prepare a second edition of the 
 "Ahiman Bezon," which was published the following yaar, enriched 
 with many useful notes, although unfortunately burthened with several 
 incorrect ones. This work was at once adopted by the Grand Lodge as 
 its Book of Constitutions, and so continued until the publication of 
 "Mackey's Ahiman Rezon, or Book of Constitutions," in 1852, which 
 was then substituted for it. Much, however, of the material, in fact, 
 
254 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 all that was useful in Dalcho's book, was incorporated into the latter 
 work, with a different arrangement, and many additions. 
 
 In 18-3, Brother Dalcho became involved in an unpleasant contro- 
 versy with some of his Masonic associates, in consequence of difficulties 
 and dissensions which, at that time, existed in the Ancient and Ac- 
 cepted Ititc; and his feeling;* were so wounded by the unniasonic spirit 
 which seemed to actuite hi* antagonists and former friends, that he 
 resigned the office of Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge, and Grand 
 Commander of the Supreme Council, and retired for the remainder 
 of his lile from all participation in the active duties of Masonry. 
 
 As a man, Dr. Dalcho was characterized by great cheerfulness of 
 disposition and suavity of manners. He was kind, generous and 
 amiable, with an inclination, in his moments of confidential intercourse, 
 to the indulgence of much humor. 
 
 As a Christian, he was humble and faithful; and as a minister of 
 religion, he is said to have been "affectionate, earnest and solemn in 
 the exhortation and admonition which were his duties." 
 
 As a Mason, in which character we are more particularly in this 
 place to view him, he wis entitled to much praise for the progress he 
 had made in the study of the Institution at a time when but little was 
 known of its true scientific and philosophical bearings. Although, at 
 this d ty, the writings of Dalcho would not be considered as sufficiently 
 erudite to place him in an elevated position among Masonic authors, 
 yet he was u idoubtcd y ahead of the masses of the Fraternity among 
 whom he lived With the real antiquities of Masonry he appears to 
 havi been but little acquainted; of its symb logy, he was almost 
 wholly ignorant; and of the true meaning of its legend iry history he 
 must, ii we are to ju Igts from his writings, have had a very ina Jequate 
 conception; but this was the fault of the people and the circumstances 
 by which he was surrounded; while, with its social and religious ten- 
 dencies, he seems to have been properly i npressed. Viewing it chiefly 
 in this light, not altogether an incorrect, but certainly a contracted one, 
 he conscientiously and faithfully devoted much of his time, his talent, 
 and his influence, to the defence and propagation of the virtuous prin- 
 ciples which it inculcates. 
 
 To the Masonry of South Carolina, Dr. Dalcho was undoubtedly a 
 benefactor, and his brethren of that State, however they may choose to 
 estimate his services as a Masonic writer, are bound to tespect his 
 memory for the fidelity with which he discharged the various important 
 trusts that were confided to him. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 255 
 
 CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 THE YEAR 1S37. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1837 : 
 John J. Alexander, Grand Master; 
 
 Gko. H. ECKHARD, Deputy Groin/ Aft inter ; 
 
 James Moorhead, Senior Grand W rden: 
 
 W.M. B. FOSTER, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 John It. IIogkrs, Grand Treannrn* ; 
 
 John W. Bruen, Our responding Gmud Secretary; 
 
 John II. Honour, Recording Grand Scrcfitt/. 
 
 From some unexplained cause, probably from the fact that tho Grand 
 Master elect, who is the appointing officer, had declined to serv , there 
 was no regular appointment or installation of subordinate officers dur- 
 ing the year 1H37. The offices were filled at each meeting, by tem- 
 porary appointments. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 31 at of March, 1837. Pro. John 
 J. Alexander was elected and installed Grand Master. 
 
 St. John's Lodge No. 13, in the city of Charleston, having become 
 extinct, the Grand Lodge applied t> the Planters' and Mechanics' Rink 
 for the transfer of certain shares in that bank standing in the name of 
 the Lodge. After certain legal formalities the demand was acceded to, 
 ami the shares were transferred to the Grand L.dge. The whole sum 
 thu-; received wa s - $377 27. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 30th of June, 1837. The Grand 
 Treasurer gave notice that the Columbia Academy had applied for the 
 fu ids of Columbia Lodge No. 39, now extinct, as escheated money. 
 The Grand Lodge resolved to employ counsel to contest the claim. 
 
 A warrant was granted for a new Lodge at Liberty Hill, to be called 
 Solomon's Lodge No. 3. 
 
 'J he work of the new flail was going bravely on. All the contracts 
 had been signed, and large quantities of materials had been purchased. 
 The gieat de-ideratum of the Craft seemed now, after its many disap- 
 pointments, about to be realized. 
 
 The Gn.nd Lodge resolved that Subordinate Lodges should be pro- 
 hibited from receiving due bills for arrearages or initiation fees. 
 
256 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Special Communication on the 21st of July, 1837. The meeting was 
 called merely for the settlement of business matters relating to one of 
 the contracts for the building of the Hall. 
 
 A warrant was granted for a new Lodge at Branchville, to be called 
 Harmony Lodge No. 12. 
 
 Special Communication on the 28d of August, 1837, for the purpose 
 of laying the corner stone of the new Hall about to be erected at the 
 west end of the Market. As this was a memorable occasion, notwith- 
 standing the subsequent fatality and failure that attended the enter- 
 prize, for it was the first time that the Fraternity in the State had 
 advanced so far in the great object to which they had for so many years 
 directed all their wishes and their energies, as to lay tho foundation 
 stone of a permanent home, it is meet and proper that the full ceremony 
 should be placed upon record. 
 
 The ceremony of laying the Corner-Stone of the new Hall took place 
 on Tuesday afternoon, August 23d, in due Masonic form. The Grand 
 Lodge assembled at Seyle's room at four o'clock, when a procession was 
 formed, under the direction of Brother Charles R. Holmes, acting 
 Grand Marshal, consisting of the members of the Grand Lodge, a large 
 number of the members of Subordinate Lodges, the Koyal Arch Chap- 
 ters, and Encampment of Knight Templars, all inappropriate costume; 
 together with the Mayor, (R. Y. Hayne, Esq.,) and the Aldermen of 
 the city. The procession moved dowu King to Market street, and 
 thence to the site of the building at the west end of the Market, front- 
 ing on Meeting street : on reaching which it opened to the right and 
 left, and the Grand Master, Grand Lodge, Mayor and Aldermen, passed 
 through to the spot where the stone was suspended, ready to be lowered 
 into its bed. Alter an appropriate, prayer by the Rev. J. H. Honour, 
 the Chairman of the Committee on the Building (Bro. Alexander 
 McDonald) presented to the Grand Master the Plumb, Square and 
 Level, requesting that he would, according to Masonic usages, ascertain 
 the litness of the stone ; which having been done, he pronounced the 
 same " true and trusty." 
 
 The Grand Master then addressed the Grand Treasurer (Bro. John 
 R. Rogers) : 
 
 " Brother Grand Treasurer, you will please now deposit the custom- 
 ary memorials as evidence of this day's transactions," which having 
 been placed, with the assistance of Bro. (Hyde,) the Architect, the 
 stone was laid, which bore the following inscription : 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA.. 257 
 
 ERECTED BY 
 THE GRAND LODGE OF 
 
 ANCIENT FREE MASONS 
 
 OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 
 
 August 1st, 5837. 
 
 The Grand Master then said, " May the Grand Architect of the 
 Universe grant his blessing on the foundation stone we have now laid, 
 and give prosperity to our beloved city and country ;" then turning to 
 the Deacons bearing the three silver cups, containing the corn, wiue 
 and oil, he received and suco ssively poured them out on the stone, 
 with this appeal to Heaven : '• May the All Bountiful Author of Nature 
 bless our city with corn, wine, and oil, and all the necessaries of life iu 
 abundance, and preserve it forever from ruin and decay " Then re- 
 turning to the Architect the implements of Masonry, he said : 
 
 " Bro. Hyde, having unbounded confidence in your skill and integ- 
 rity as an Artist, wc entrust you with these symbols; may you erect 
 a building to Masonry worthy of its great name, and of your character 
 as its Architect." 
 
 To which Bro. Hyde responded : " That he accepted the trust, and 
 pledged himself for its faithful performance." 
 
 The ceremony being concluded, the Most Worshipful Grand Master 
 (Bro. J. J. Alexander) addressed the assembled multitude as follows : 
 
 ADDRESS. 
 Brethren and Fellow-Citizens : 
 
 In the established usage of our Craft it becomes my happy lot to 
 congratulate you on this interesting occasion. The fabric which will 
 arise from this foundation will give to Masonry an "abiding place," to 
 our city its first Masonic Temple. This, in an age of improvement, rife 
 with varied enterprises like the present, is but snatching some portion 
 of the spirit of the times, lending our aid to the goodly work, and ad- 
 ding our impetus to obtain for her the proud rank (which, thanks to a 
 distinguished citizen, whose exertions have eminently contributed to 
 it,) she is destined to maintain. Happily for the consummation of 
 these works of utility and patriotism, our country, lately torn aud bleed- 
 ing under party conflicts, has sacrificed the demon on a common altar, 
 restoring lost peace, where flowed the waters of bitterness and strife. 
 
 The time allotted to the ceremonies iu which we have participated, 
 will not permit an enlarged defence of our much abused and mistaken 
 17 
 
258 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Order. Indeed it is unnecessary to elaborate an argument in favor of 
 an Institution whose existence has been coeval with the earliest an- 
 tiquity, occupying in enviable association and connection with the 
 historic page, many of the most important events it developes. It may, 
 however, be pertinent to our object, to give a brief outline of some of 
 the distinguishing characteristics it displays, both as a secret Society 
 and public charity — institute an enquiry into the causes of its declen- 
 sion, and make an aspiration for its return to its former " high and 
 palmy state." 
 
 Abstracted from the pure and perfect friendship which it enjoins, so 
 indelibly imprinted that no chance or circumstance can ever intercept 
 or destroy it, Masonry, breathing the most comprehensive feeling of 
 benevolence, may be regarded as a science confined to no region of 
 country — " the boon of Heaven to the human race "—it has become 
 the universal language of the world. This is decidedly its strongest if 
 not its most delightful feature. What sight more gratifying to the 
 philanthropist to contemplate than that of a high souled, spontaneous 
 and fervid charity, extended from Christian, Pagan and Jew, minister- 
 ing in stranger lands to his brother of the Mystic Tie? What incident 
 more glorious than that of generous combatants in some field of fight, 
 whom the chances of honorable warfare have brought against each 
 other, whose hands have already devoted to a sanguinary end, perhaps, 
 the soul of chivalry and honor ! — but, as if by inspiration, with a 
 " mighty magic" the expected doom is averted, and the hand just 
 raised to shed his blood, casts away the nerveless weapon, and shields 
 with his own breast the recognized brother of his Masouic Faith ! Or, 
 as in that of the pirate, that dread prowler and fell destroyer on the 
 sea, unsparing and relentless to every age and sex, who,, unlike the 
 Corsair, " links not one virtue to his thousand crimes," even he bows 
 to the power of Masonry, whose appalling name (mystically conveyed) 
 releases from his remorseless grasp, the hapless mariner, with but one 
 plank between him and destruction ! 
 
 In the quiet sunshine of life, as well as in the storms that break 
 upon it, how great the zest to our happiness in seeking out and relieving 
 the wants of honest poverty. This is a peculiar and affecting part of 
 the Mason's duty — to wipe the dew of sorrow from the cheek of the 
 mourner, to light the glad smile in the eye of the wretched ; to amelior- 
 ate the anguish which wrings the hearts of the unfortunate, and with a 
 Samaritan virtue, binding up the wounds of the afflicted, pouring in 
 the oil and wine of consolation and kindness. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 259 
 
 But if so worthy of our admiration in the advantages portrayed, 
 how transcendautly estimable does it appear as the hai.dmaid of the Arts, 
 so happily allied to learning and useful knowledge. It is in this view 
 our theme exultingly expands, and points to its pages with triumphant 
 and unmingled pleasure ! For through its sublime and beautiful truths, 
 so strikingly and harmoniously illustrated by its emblems, a grand moral 
 picture is created, whose properties and effect is unsurpassed in beauti- 
 ful simplicity, even by the Scriptures themselves, on which it is so nobfu 
 based. It requires but the exercise of an enlightened intellect to stamp 
 its glorious precepts, like aphorisms on the mind; realizing the highest 
 and most sublime system of Ethics, conveyed in a language the very 
 soul of poetry, breathing forth in most delightful strains, to man — the 
 doctrines of brotherly love and affection — to God — the adoration due 
 from the creature to his Creator. I now proceed to institute an enquiry 
 into the probible causes that have produced its prostration, from the 
 elevated position it once held. 
 
 The Government of our country is known to be distinctly of a popu- 
 lar character. The will of the people is here sovereign, and knows no 
 superior but the majesty of the law. This Government, secured to us 
 by a mighty revolution, placed us in possession of Liberty, with all its 
 inherent rights, and made us emphatically a chosen people. With all 
 the wholesome restraints, however, which the wisdom of our fathers im- 
 posed, (consecrated to us in that invaluable legacy, our glorious Consti- 
 tution,) the spirit of freedom has sometimes run wild, and with all its 
 checks and balances, has frequently degenerated into a spirit of licen- 
 tiousness. In the prevalence of embittered contests aiising from party 
 feeling thus untrammelled, every means, even the most unhallowed, 
 have been used, to catch the popular will, and bring the opinions of 
 men into slavish subjection to designing politicians. Among the arts 
 resorted to for this purpose, in many of our sister States, and which, 
 unhappily for us, but too well suited the tone and temper of the public 
 feeling there, the abuse and denunciation of our Institution became a 
 source of malignant triumph to its enemies — of gloomy despondency to 
 its friends, an engine of political advancement or degradation, as success 
 fluctuated between them ; and finally (by one sad act of frenzied weak- 
 ness, given through a few irresponsible, ignorant and misguided men) 
 throwing it into the shade of unmerited obloquy — decrying its exist- 
 ence as unnecessary; misrepresenting or falsifying its intentions; brand- 
 ing it with deeds of criminality and self-abasement, to which truth was 
 utterly repugnant; making it an instrument of party intolerance, par- 
 
260 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 ticularly obnoxious to a leading injunction not to interfere with the po- 
 litical or polemical opinions of any member of the Craft ; whicli beau- 
 tifully illustrates (in religion) that universal toleration of our free aud 
 happy system ; for, as every religion teaches morality, so when found to 
 act upon the square of truth and virtue, his speculations and cried are 
 between the Mason and his God ! Again — it may be traced to oursrlves, 
 in departing from the guidance of its immutable principles; n >t cher- 
 ishing with all our hearts the virtues that adorn — the graces that em- 
 bellish it— forgetting to carry into society that active benevolence with 
 which it is strongly imbued; stifling the commanding and elevated im- 
 pulses which bring "life and immortality to light," and losing sight of 
 that individuality of character which challenges the esteem and respect, 
 though it may forieit the apj lause of men. 
 
 In conclusion — if Masonry has fallen from her high estate, it is de- 
 monstrable it cannot arise from it^ innate and intrinsic qualities, for 
 they inculcate and encourage every high minded and honorable senti- 
 ment ! Let us make then a great and powerful effort to the rescue ! 
 bring to her cause our concentrated energies — publish her "ways of 
 pleasantness and her paths of peace " — invite the world to an examina- 
 tion of her moral grandeur — exhibit her raising the tender bud of 
 promise, broken by some rude hand, and receiving back to her fold even 
 her own misguided and repentant children. We may then live to wit- 
 ness the acclamations of the very enemies who would work her ruin ! 
 and from this event many a latent spark of returning affection may be 
 made to kindle into a flame of never dying faith and enduring attach- 
 ment ; so that when once the veil of ignorance is torn from the eyes of 
 delusion, and reason regulates where prejudice and passion have pre- 
 vailed, our noble and venerable Institution will be established on the 
 rock of ages; while Truth, in all her beauty and majesty, "pervades 
 the inmost recesses of the human heart," rekindliug the languishing 
 fires of genius, aud arousing the sympathies of humanity in her cause; 
 then will the sun of Masonry shine out, not iu one transient gleam, 
 but in a flood of light, bursting away the clouds that gather round it. 
 
 The address being concluded, the procession was reformed and passed 
 down Meeting to Queen street, thence to and up King street to the 
 Grand Lodge room, where (after partaking refreshments) it was dis- 
 missed. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 29th of September, 1837. It was 
 determined that the procession should be dispensed with on St. John's 
 day. The usual banquet was ordered. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 261 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 15th of December, 1837. The an- 
 nual election of Grand Officers took place, and Charles M. Furman was 
 elected Grand Master. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated. There 
 was no procession, but the Grand Lodge met in the evening, when Bro. 
 J. J. Alexander, Past Grand Master, installed the Grand Master elect, 
 who afterwards installed the other officers. 
 
 The Grand Master delivered "a very appropriate address" on as- 
 suming the chair, a copy of which was requested for publication in the 
 abstract of proceedings of that year. It was not, however, published. 
 
 The celebration of the day was concluded wiih a 6upper. 
 
262 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTEK XXXI. 
 
 THE YEAR 1838. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1838 : 
 
 Charles M. Furman, Grand Master ; 
 
 G. B. EcKHARD, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 Wm. B. Foster, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 John Ewan, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 John R. Rogers, Grand Treasurer ; 
 
 John W. Bruen, Corresponding Grand Secretary ; 
 
 John H. Honour, Recording Grand Secretary ; 
 
 Joseph Moss, •) 
 
 William W Godfrey, } Senior Grand &**»"! 
 
 Thomas B. Swift, ) 
 
 James Norms, j Junior Grand Deacom ; 
 
 Solomon Moses, Grand Marshal; 
 
 Thomas R. Saltar, Grand Pursuivant; 
 
 George Dunn, ) 
 
 F. C.Barber, ] Grand Stewards ; 
 
 Francis C. Hill, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Special Communication on the 9th of March, 1838. This meeting 
 was called to provide funds for the further prosecution of the building 
 of the Hall. This was necessarily to be done by loan, and one of the 
 Chapters and four of the Lodges had liberally consented to aid the 
 Grand Lodge in the enterprise. It was accordingly resolved to borrow 
 five thousand dollars from Union Kilwinning Lodge No. 4, on six per 
 cent, stock, at the rate of one hundred and two dollars per share ; one 
 thousand from St. Andrew's Lodge No. 10, and not exceeding twenty- 
 five hundred from Carolina Chapter No. 1, (twenty-one hundred was 
 raided,) for all of which the Grand Lodge was to give a mortgage of the 
 Hall with its right to the land on which it stood. The interest, at the 
 rate of seven per cent., was to be paid annually. 
 
 The Grand Officers were directed to inquire into the amount of the 
 surplus funds of the old Masonic Hall Company which remained undis- 
 posed of, and to propose to the executor of the late Simon Magwood, 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 263 
 
 in whose charge these funds had remained as the last President of that 
 company, to take charge of those funds and to assume their application. 
 If this proposition was accepted, the Grand Lodge would be put in pos- 
 session of a considerable amount of money (several hundred dollars), 
 the property of stockholders, a large proportion of which would prob- 
 ably never be called for. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 30th of March, 1838. The report 
 on the Grand Treasurer's books shows that $9,502 21 had been ex- 
 pended for building materials, and that $2,467 33 remained in the 
 treasury of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 A committee was appointed to enquire into the claim or authority 
 which the Grand Lodge has over the funds of Subordinate Lodges after 
 they have surrendered their warrants of constitution. 
 
 I now arrive at a gloomy period in the history of Charleston, when 
 all the fond anticipations of the Fraternity, that they would have a 
 "local habitation" worthy of the Institution, were suddenly blasted by 
 the afflictive dispensation of Divine Providence. 
 
 On the night of the 27th of April, 1838, a fire broke out in the city 
 of Charleston, which, commencing in King near the corner of Beresford 
 street, extended its ravages in a North direction as far as Liberty 
 street, and in a West and North-west direction to Society street, and 
 nearly to East Bay. Nearly one-third of the city became a victim to 
 the flames. Many churches and public edifices were destroyed, and, 
 among the latter, the new Masonic Hall, which was then in rapid course 
 of erection. But this was not all the loss which the Craft incurred. 
 Seyle's Hall, in which the Grand and Subordinate Lodges at that time 
 met, was consumed, and with it nearly all the furniture of the various 
 Masonic bodies, and greater loss than all, the entire records of the 
 Grand Lodge, with the exception of the last book of minutes, com- 
 mencing with the year 1836, which was fortunately kept at the house 
 of the Grand Secretary and was thus preserved.* This was a heavy 
 blow, which it seemed likely would utterly crush the just rising hopes 
 of the Craft to secure for themselves a local habitation. But it will 
 soon be seen that the Fraternity were resolved not yet utterly to de- 
 spair. 
 
 *A chest belonging to the Grand Lodge, containing the jewels and collars of its 
 officers, and a small portion of its furniture, was also saved by the exertions of 
 Bro. Seyle, the keeper of the Hall. 
 
264 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 A Special Communication was called on the 7th of May, 1838, only 
 nine days after the disastrous conflagration. 
 
 The full record of the proceedings of that meeting is well worthy of 
 preservation, for it shows the recuperative energy which existed in the 
 body, and the determination with which the Fraternity had resolved to 
 pursue, with renewed zeal, the enterprise which, for a time at least, 
 had thus been arrested in the almost certain road to a successful con- 
 summation. 
 
 "The Grand Master stated that he had convened the Grand Lodge, 
 in consequence of the calami' y that had befallen the city by the jrreat 
 fire of the 27th and 28th ult, in which the Masonic Hall building, 
 under the direction of the Grand Lodge, and rapidly approaching to 
 its completion, had been destroyed, to consider what measures are 
 proper to be adapted under existing circumstances. 
 
 " The f Mowing resolutions were then offered by Brother McDonald, 
 seconded by Brother King, and adopted, viz: 
 
 "Resolved, That the Grand Lodge will not abandon the building of 
 the Hall recently destroyed by fire, but shall use every exertion to com- 
 plete a building creditable to the Craft. 
 
 " Resolved, That the Grand Officers be appointed a committee to 
 appeal to the different Grand Lodges throughout the United States, to 
 assist this Grand Lodge in the rebuilding of the Hall. 
 
 " Resolved, That the Grand Officers petition the Legislature of this 
 State to renew the lottery granted some years since to this Grand Lodge. 
 
 " On motion of Bro. King, it was 
 
 " Resolved, That the Worshipful Master of every Ledge in the State 
 of South Carolina be requested to appoint a committee of three mem- 
 bers of his Lodge, to collect subscriptions from Masons generally, and 
 others disposed to subscribe, to aid in the reerection of the Masonic 
 Hall; and that the Grand Master of this Grand Lodge be requested to 
 visit the Subordinate Lodges in this city, and endeavor to obtain an 
 appropriation or loan from them for the same purpose. 
 
 " The M. W. Grand Master informed the Grand Lodge that Lodge 
 * La Caudcur' had tendered the use of their Lodge room to the Grand 
 Lodge ; whereupon, on motion of Bro. Eckhard, it was 
 
 n Resolved, That the thanks of the Grand Lodge be tendered to the 
 M. W. Officers and members of Lodge 'La Caudeur No. 36,' for their 
 kind tender of the use of their Lodge room for the temporary accommo- 
 dation of the Grand Lodge and Subordinate Lodges, and that the Grand 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 265 
 
 Lodge gratefully accept the same until further arrangements can he 
 made. 
 
 11 On motion Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to wait 
 on the officers of Lodge La Candeur, to make arrangement? for the use 
 of their room for the meetings of the Grand Lodge, and of the Subor- 
 dinate Lodges. 
 
 " Committee, Bros. Burgcs, King and Moses. 
 
 "On motion Resolved, That the four Deacons be appointed to ascer- 
 tain what furniture, &c, belonging to the Grand Lodge, has been saved 
 from the late fire, and report a schedule thereof at the next meeting. 
 
 11 The Grand L>dge then adjourned." 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 29th of June, 1838. This was 
 called at the Lodge room of La Candeur Lodge No. 36, at the corner 
 of State and Market streets. For the first time in the recorded history 
 of Masonry in the State, there was a failure to open the Grand Lodge 
 in Charleston for the want of a quorum. Ouly three Lodges were rep- 
 resented. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 21st of December, 1838. It had 
 of course been the indention of the Grand Lodge to commence the 
 erection of a new Elall on the site of the one whose beginning had been 
 arrested by the fire of April. On this land they held a claim assured 
 to them by the legally executed contract with the City Council. But 
 since the conflagration, the corporation had determined, in the restora- 
 tion of the burnt district, to build a public Hall on the very site which 
 they had granted to be occupied by the Masonic edifice. But to do 
 this it was first necessary to obtain from the Grand Lodge a release of 
 the site. Negotiations were, therefore, entered into on this subject by 
 the contracting parties, and, at this Communication, the Grand Lodge 
 determined that it would not relinquish its right to the land for less 
 remuneration than two thousand dollars and a lot of land suitable as a 
 site for a Masonic Hall, and a committee was appointed to close the con- 
 tract on those terms. 
 
 The annual election took place, and Charles M. Furman was reelected 
 Grand Master. 
 
 New warrants were granted, free of expense, except the Grand Secre- 
 tary's fee, to Franklin Lodge No. 2, Union Kilwinning Lodge No. 4, 
 and Pythagorean Lodge No. 21, whose warrants had been destroyed by 
 the fire. 
 
 The Stewards were directed to provide suitable refreshments for the 
 
266 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 approaching Festival of St. John, but no other arrangements than tho 
 usual Cotuinunicatiou were made for its celebration. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated with but 
 little eclat. The Grand Lodge was convened at six o'clock in the even- 
 ing. The Grand and Subordinate Officers were installed, by whom the 
 record does not say, and the Fraternity adjourned to the usual supper. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 267 
 
 CHAPTER XXXII. 
 
 THE YEAR 1839. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1839 : 
 
 G. M. FuRMAN, Grand Master; 
 
 George B. Eckhard, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 Wm. B. FOSTER, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 JOHN Ewan, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 John R. Rogers, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 John W. Bruen, Corresponding Grand Secretary; 
 
 John II. Honour, Recording Grand Secretary ; 
 
 James C. Norris, ) e . n , n 
 
 ' \ Senior Grand Deacons; 
 Thomas B. Swift, ) 
 
 George Dunn, ) 7 . „ , n 
 
 > Junior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 Solomon Moses, Grand Marshal ; 
 Thomas R. Saltar, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 ' ' ' [• Grand Stewards; 
 
 John E. Odena, ) 
 
 F. C. Hill, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 29th of March, 1839. The mem- 
 bers of Franklin Lodne No. 2 were permitted to amalgamate with Union 
 Kilwinning Lodge No. 4, and to place their funds and property in the 
 possession of the latter.* 
 
 Bro. Samuel Seyle received the thanks of the Grand Lodge for his 
 exertions in saving the Grand Lodge chest, during the fire of April, 
 1838, and was elected an honorary member of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 The Recording Grand Secretary reported that the engraved certificate 
 plate, with all the impressions that had been taken therefrom, had been 
 destroyed by fire. The Grand Lodge made no provision for supplying 
 the deficiency by a new plate until many years afterwards. 
 
 A committee was appointed by the City Council to confer with the 
 Grand Lodge and the Commissioners of the Market with respect to a 
 
 "Their warrant was at the same time surrendered to the Grand Lodge. 
 
268 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 plan for rebuilding the Hall in the same place, so as to accommodate 
 both the Grand Lodge and the Commissioners of the Market. The 
 proposition was not, however, favorably received by the Grand Lodge. 
 
 A committee was appointed to confer with the Subordinate Lodges 
 on the subject of procuring a place of meeting. The Grand Lodge 
 was, at that time, holding its meetings in the room of LaCandeur 
 Lodge, but arrangements were made with Mr. Kame, who, since the 
 fire, had erected a store in Meeting street, oppo.^ite the site of the 
 Charlestjn Hotel. In the third tory of that room the future Commu- 
 nicationsof the Grand Lodge and of the Lodges and Chapters were 
 held until the present Hal 1 was erected. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 28th of June, 1839. This was 
 hoi Jen for the first time at Rame's Hall. A communication was re- 
 ceived from a committee of the City Council, enquiring whether the 
 Grand Lodge would accept an eligible lot in the city, the cost of which 
 should not exceed four thousand five hundred dollars, in lieu of its 
 claim to rebuild on the site of the former Hall, at the western end of 
 the Market. The enquiry was also made as to what amount of money 
 the Grand Lodge would accept as an alternative for the proposed lot. 
 It was resolved, in reply, that a committee be appointed to accept either 
 a lot or such a sum of money as the committee might deem sufficient 
 for the purchase of an appropriate site for a Hall. 
 
 The Grand Master informed the Grand Lodge that the executor of 
 Mr. Magwood declined transferring the funds of the late Masonic Hall 
 Company in his hands to the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Special Communication on the 13th of August, 1839. The Grand 
 Master informed the Grand Lodge that the committee which had been 
 appointed to confer with the City Council, had agreed to receive, as an 
 equivalent for the claim on the site of the late Masonic Hall, the sum 
 of four thousand five huudred dollars, and the committee had addressed 
 communications to the Lodges and Chapters, from whom money had 
 been borrowed, on the subject of cancelling the mortgages held by 
 them. 
 
 St. Andrew's Lodge No. 10 agreed to release the Grand Lodge from 
 the mortgage held by that Lodge for the amount loaned to the Grand 
 Lodge, upon the amount received from the City Council being depos- 
 ited in Bank, subject to joint check of the Grand Lodge and St. An- 
 drew's Lodge. 
 
 Carolina Chapter No. 1, with true Masonic trust and liberality, un- 
 conditionally released the mortgage, "relying on the faith of the Grand 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 269 
 
 Lodge," pledged to secure the loan made by the Chapter in such man- 
 ner as might thereafter be proposed by the Grand Lodge. 
 
 The Grand Lodge agreed to pledge five thousand dollars of six per 
 cent. State stock, which had been transferred to the Grand Lodge in 
 1838, to U lion Kilwinning Lodge, on its relinquishment of the mort- 
 gage held by it. 
 
 The Grand Lodge also pledged its faith to secure Lodge No. 10 and 
 Chapter No. 1 by a mortgage of any lot thct it might hereafter pur- 
 chase. 
 
 The Grand Master was directed to execute to the City Council a deed 
 of relinquishment of the site at rhe west eud of Market street and the 
 materials still remaining thereon. 
 
 Thus ended the prospect of an enterprise at one time so near com- 
 pletion, and the hope of erecting a Hull in Meeting street on city land 
 was frustrated. But the determination to build a flail was not so easily 
 abandoned. There were hopeful hearts and energetic spirits still at 
 work, and immediately after the arrangements were made for the relin- 
 quishment of the old site a resolution was adopted that a committee 
 should be appointed to make search for a lot suitable for a site of a Ma- 
 sonic Flail, and to enquire into the terms upon which such a lot could 
 be purchased. And that there might be no misake about the im- 
 portant object for which the committee was appointed, it was further 
 directed to take into consideration the propriety of purchasing a lot 
 and erecting a Hall. 
 
 The committee appointed were Brothers C. M. Furman, W. B. Fos- 
 ter, John Ewan, A. McDonald and W. S. King. We shall see here- 
 after the report made by this committee. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 27th of September, 1839. Again, 
 for the second time, L record the humiliating fact that there was not a 
 quorum and no business was transacted. Never, it seems to me, had 
 Masonry been at a lower ebb in South Carolina than now. But a better 
 time was coming. 
 
 Special Communication on the 2d of October, 1839. The commit- 
 tee appointed to enquire into the expediency of purchasing a lot and 
 building a Hall made their report. As this report contains much in- 
 formation on what was then the financial condition of the Grand Lodge, 
 and as it is intimately connected with the history of the Hall which 
 W'18 afterwards erected, I do not think it improper to transfer from the 
 record such parts of it as particularly relate to the subject of pur- 
 chasing a lot. 
 
270 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 "The committee appointed to inquire into and report the state of 
 the funds of t^e Grand Lodge, and also upon the subject of purchasing 
 a lot and rebuilding a Masonic Hall thereon, report: That it appears 
 from the statements of the Grand Treasurer, examined by the Commit- 
 tee on Accounts, that the funds of the Grand Lodge consist of the fol- 
 lowing items : 
 
 The 6 per cent, stock obtained from Union Kilwin- 
 ning Lodge §5,000 
 
 Cash received from the City Council, deposited in 
 the Bank of the State of South Carolina to 
 credit of this Committee...... .....4,500 
 
 Balance in the hands of the Grand Treasurer .11,700 
 
 11,200 
 Against which must be ; setoff the following debts : 
 
 Bond to Union Kilwinning Lodge >....«. ...$5y000 ,,, 
 
 " to Carolina Chapter ,.,..2,100 
 
 " to Lodge No. 10 ! 1,000 
 
 8,100 
 
 Leaving this balance $3,100 
 
 " In determining what course it will be proper to pursue, the first 
 step necessary will be to obtain the assent of the several Masonic bodies, 
 to which the Grand Lodge is indebted, to accept a lien on property 
 which may be purchased in place of their present security. If this be 
 agreed to, then the Grand Lodge will have available funds to the above 
 stated amount. Out of which amount (he sum necessary to purchase 
 the lot must be 6rst deducted, and the balance will be applied to the 
 erection of a building. This would, however, be insufficient, unless a 
 lot is purchased in the burnt district, and the aid of the loan under the 
 act for rebuilding the city is resorted to. 1 he ; ttention of }our com- 
 mittee has been turned to the lot at the South-east co. - er of King and 
 Wentworth streets. This lot is about 43 by 150 feet. If this lot were 
 purchased, the price asked for it, £9,000, deducted from the fun Is abu e 
 reported, will leave : 
 
 On hand say $2,200 
 
 Amount which may be borrowed on the State loan, say 13,500 
 
 $10,700 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 271 
 
 "These would place at our disposal for Ihe erection of a building 
 about $15,000. Whether this sua would suffice for the erection of 
 suitable buildings, your committee arc not at present able to state. 
 Supposing this to be done, however, then the position of the Grand 
 Lodge, with respect to funds, would be as follows: We would be in- 
 debted by, 
 
 Bond to Union Kilwinning Lodge $5,000 Interest $350 
 
 do. to Carolina Chapter 2,100 147 
 
 do. to Lodge No. 10 1,000 70 
 
 do. for Stateloan 13,500 810 
 
 $-1,600 $1,377 
 
 "Making a debt of $21,000 to $22,000, bearing an annual interest 
 of about $1,400, to which, must be added the taxes and insurance of 
 the property. On the other hand, we would be in possession of the lot 
 and buildings, which would afford, no doubt, room for two stores on the 
 first story, located in one of the best parts of King street for the pur- 
 poses of business. With these statements, the matter is submitted to 
 the consideration of the Grand Lodtre. * * * 
 
 "If the Grand Lodge should not determine on building, we recom- 
 mend that the funds in possession of the Committee and Treasurer be 
 immediately invested." 
 
 This report was signed by four of the committee, Bros. Furman, Fos- 
 ter, Ewan and King. Its tone was certainly discouraging, and we may 
 presume what weie the gloomy anticipations and distrustful expecta- 
 tions of the committee when we find that immediately after the reading 
 of the report the following resolutions were, on the motiou of Brother 
 Kincr, oue of the committee, appended to the report: 
 
 •* Resolved, That the Grand Lodge deem it inexpedient, at this time 
 to proceed further in the contemplated plan of building a Masonic Hall' 
 
 " Resolved, That the liabilities of the Grand Lodge be immediately 
 liquidated, and the remaining funds be forthwith invested in stock, and 
 that the Grand Officers be a committee charged with the duty of carry- 
 ing this resolution into effect." 
 
 The report and resolutions were adopted, and thus the hope of a Hall 
 seemed, for a time at least, to be " nipped in the bud." Timidity and 
 over-abundance of caution caused the abandonment of an enterprise 
 and the relinquishment of the only means by which it could be carried 
 into effect. Not ouly was it advised to proceed no further in the project 
 of building a Hall, but even to return to the Lodges the money which 
 
272 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 had been loaned for that purpose. But it will be seen that all hope and 
 energy were not yet abandoned, and that there were some zealous and 
 fearless spirits who were determined to renew and to effect the long 
 cherished object of erecting a Masonic home. The records of the next 
 year will show a more healthy and a less desponding feeling. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 13th of December, 1839. The an- 
 nual election of Grand Officers took place, and Charles M. Furnian was 
 reelected Grand Master. 
 
 The Grand Lodge settled, as points of Masonic hw, that the funds 
 of a Subordinate Lodge are intended for charitable purposes, and not 
 for distribution among its members, and that on any Lodge being dis- 
 solved by its own act, its funds should be deposited in the hands of the 
 Grand Treasurer until such Lodge should be resuscitated 
 
 The Grand Lodge determined that there should be no procession on 
 St. John's day next. It was, however, resolved that there should be 
 both a procession and address, on that festival, in the year 1840. It 
 was hardly regular for the Grand Lodge to make arrangements for a 
 celebration which would more properly be under the government of the 
 Grand Lodge which should succeed it. Strange ideas of the perma- 
 nency of the Grand Lodge as a governing body have long prevailed 
 among the Craft. They seem almost entirely to have lost sight of the 
 fact that Grand Lodges are representative bodies, whose characters are 
 necessarily annually changed by the change of representatives. Nearly 
 twenty years were to pass before this great truth was to be recognized 
 in all its extent. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated as had been 
 arranged at the previous Quarterly Communication. The Grand Master 
 elect and the other officers were installed, but the record omits to say 
 by whom, and the Grand Lodge was then closed. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 273 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIII. 
 
 THE TEAR 1840. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1840 : 
 
 C. M. FuRMAN, Grand Master; 
 
 W. S. King, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 W. B. FOSTER, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 JOHN Ewan, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 H. G. Street, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 John W. Bruen, Corresponding Grand Secretary ; 
 
 John H. Honour, Recording Grand Secretary ; 
 
 Geo. Dunn, 1 
 
 t t> r\ I Senior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 J. E. Odena, J 
 
 J. A. Wagener, ) ; 
 
 m 4 TT c Junior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 T. A. Hayden, j 
 
 F. C. Barber, f 
 
 , T t r, /-, f Grand Stewai-ds ; 
 
 \\ . C. Gatewood, J 
 
 Sol. Moses, Grand Marshal; 
 
 T. R. SaLTAR, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 F. C. Hill, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 27th of March, 1840. The com- 
 mittee on the sale of the- Hall announced that they had paid the debt 
 due to St. Andrew's Lodge and Carolina Chapter, out of the sum re- 
 ceived from the City Council. 
 
 It was determined that all applications for charity must be recom- 
 mended by one or two well known Masons in the city, or the brother 
 who presents the petition must endorse his name on the same, without 
 which no application would be considered. 
 
 A committee, consisting of Bros. Barber, Street and Gatewood, were 
 appointed to take into consideration the propriety of providing a suit- 
 able place for the meetings of the Grand and Subordinate Lodges. 
 Rame's Hall was found tD be small ami i'l ventilated, and the object 
 now was not to build, but to rent. Yet the appointment of this com- 
 mittee, it will be hereafter seen, was, perhaps unintentionally, the 
 means of reviving the project of a Hall. 
 18 
 
274 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Special Communication on the 19th of June, 1840. A warrant was 
 granted for the constitution of a Lodge at Abbeville, to be called Clin- 
 ton Lodge No. 8. 
 
 The Committee to obtain a place of meeting made a report, which 
 was adopted. The importance of this report, as the first step in the 
 new enterprise, which finally terminated in the erection of the present 
 Hall, requires that it should be given at length. 
 
 " The committee appointed at the last Communication of the Grand 
 Lodge, to provide a more suitable place of meeting for themselves and 
 the Subordinate Lodges than that which they now occupy, beg leave 
 respectfully to 
 
 " Report, That they have made every exertion to procure such a 
 place, but without success — that from the nature of the Masonic insti- 
 tution, a building, or a part of a building of a peculiar construction, is 
 requisite for our accommodation, and the situation central ; after the 
 most diligent inquiries on our part, no such place could be found. To 
 secure, therefore, to ourselves and our successors, a permanent and con- 
 venient place of meeting, your committee cannot arrive at any other 
 conclusion than to recommend to the Grand Lodge to make another 
 attempt to erect an edifice suitable for our meetings, and which will 
 prove a rallying point for the brethren, many of whom have become 
 careless of attending, in consequence of the want of proper accommo- 
 dations. 
 
 " Your committee cannot think they have gone beyond the duties 
 assigned them, in giving to the Grand Lodge the result of their in- 
 quiries as regards the probable cost of such a building as they would 
 recommend to be erected, and a location for the same — they therefore 
 beg leave to recommend the purchase of a lot at the South-east corner 
 of King and Wentworth streets, which they understand can be effected 
 for 86, ".'OO, and that the Grand Lodge borrow, from the Subordinate 
 Lodges and the Chapter, such a sum as will purchase the lot and erect 
 a suitable building thereon ; and should they not be able to procure 
 sufficient funds in this manner, that they avail themselves of the State 
 loan, for the amount required. Judging from different plans which 
 have been exhibited to your committee, th3y are persuaded that the 
 whole cau be accomplished for the sum of S 1.6,000, and from assur- 
 ances received from many of the Masonic bodies, they do not hesitate 
 to say that the whole amount can be obtained for the completion of 
 such an undertaking. The low prices at which contracts can at present 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 275 
 
 be made, and the favorable opinion expressed generally by the members 
 of our Society, induce your committee strongly and respectfully to 
 urge the Grand Lodge to take decisive measures for the accomplish- 
 ment of this important object, fully convinced that a more favorable 
 opportunity will never present itself. 
 
 " All of which is respectfully submitted. 
 
 F. C. Barber, -\ 
 
 H. G. Street, )■ Committee." 
 
 W. C. Gatewood, J 
 
 All honor to these three brethren, who, amid all the despondency 
 which the report and resolutions of the previous committee seem to 
 have generated, were able thus boldly again to broach the subject of 
 building a Hall, and " to urge the Grand Lodge to take decisive meas- 
 ures for the accomplishment of this important object." The spirit of 
 hope was again infused into the Grand Lodge, and immediately after 
 the adoption of the report, Alexander McDonald, who, for nearly 
 twenty years, had never lost sight of this great idea of a Masonic 
 Hall, and who, it has been seen, was ever ready, on all proper occasions, 
 to press its consideration ou the Craft, whose energy of character just 
 fitted him for carrying out any scheme upon which he had once em- 
 barked, and whose name must, therefore, b« forever connected with the 
 history of a Masonic Hall in South Carolina, proposed the following 
 preamble and resolutions, which were adopted : 
 
 " Whereas, the continued experience of the Grand Lodge and of the 
 Subordinate Lodges, confirms the impression which has been so long 
 entertained, that a permanent place of meeting, under the absolute 
 direction of the Grand Lodge, is essential to tho prosperity and success 
 of the Fraternity ; and whereas the low price of labor and materials, 
 and the fall in the cost of real estate, indicates the present to be a 
 suitable time for making a renewed effort for the accomplishment of 
 this important object ; and whereas the liberal feeling which has been 
 displayed by the large portion of the Masonic bodies in this city, gives 
 reason to believe that the Grand Lodge will be suitably sustained in 
 making such effort : Therefore 
 
 " Rewlo&l, That the Grand Lodge will make another attempt to 
 erect a building in this city, with suitable accommodations for the 
 meetings of the several Masonic bodies. 
 
 " Resolved, That the Grand Lodge will purchase the lot at the South- 
 east corner of King aud Weutworth streets, for the sum of six thousand 
 
^76 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 dollars, and that a committee, consisting of the Grand Master and the 
 Master of each of the city Lodges, carry the same into effect. 
 
 "Resolved, That the funds of the Grand Lodge be applied to the 
 purchase of said lot, and that the Grand Master be authorized to exe- 
 cute such bond and mortgage as may be necessary in effecting such 
 purchase. 
 
 ''•Resolved, That the Grand Lodge highly appreciate the prompt 
 liberality and generous confidence which have animated those Masonic 
 bodies that have tendered loans from their funds to aid in erecting the 
 said buildings. That in such conduct we perceive a spirit which in- 
 sures the completion of the building, and a regard for our institution 
 rising above all sordid considerations; and the Grand Lodge with grati- 
 tude accepts such loans. 
 
 " Resolved, That the proper officers of the Grand Lodge do execute 
 the necessary obligations for securing the said respective bodies the 
 amount of such loans. 
 
 " Resolved, That the committee appointed to effect the purchase of 
 the lot, obtain a plan and estimates of a suitable building. 
 
 " Resolved, That seven per cent, per annum be allowed for such sums 
 of money as may be borrowed from the several Masonic bodies." 
 
 The adoption of these resolutions certainly looked like earnestness in 
 the Craft, and that earnestness, we will see in future details, received 
 the reward that all earnestness in any lawful enterprise must win. Broth- 
 ers McDonald and Street were appropriately placed upon the building 
 committee, which consisted, therefore, of the Grand Officers and these 
 brethren, to whom Bro. Samuel Seyle was afterwards added. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 26th of June, 1840. The Grand 
 Treasurer reported the available funds of the Grand Lodge as amount- 
 ing to only $1,893 75, a small beginning truly, with which to undertake 
 an enterprise so large as that of erecting a Hall. 
 
 There had been matters of difficulty with a former Treasurer, and a 
 sum of over two thousand dollars was due by him to the Grand Lodge, 
 scarcely any part of which was ever recovered. This subject occupied 
 the attention of the Grand Lodge at the present Communication. But 
 he who was in fault has long since rendered up his final account, and 
 no further notice need be taken of this delicate and unfortunate sub- 
 ject- 
 Quarterly Communication on the 25th of September, 1840. A war- 
 rant was granted for a new Lodge at Edgefield C. H., to be known as 
 Concordia Lodsre No. 50. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 277 
 
 The Grand Master announced that the lot had been purchased, and 
 offers for contracts, varying from ten to fifteen thousand dollars, had 
 been received. 
 
 It was determined to revive the resolution adopted in May, 1838, 
 directing application to be made to the different Grand Lodges for aid 
 in building the Hall. To the honor of the Grand Lodge, it should be 
 observed, that this resolution was never put into execution, no appli- 
 cation was ever made, and no assistance received, but the whole enter- 
 prise was completed by the aid of the Craft within the jurisdiction. 
 
 It was resolved to have a supper on St. John's day, but no procession 
 nor address. 
 
 The lot having been purchased at the South-east corner of King and 
 Weutworth streets, and a contract made with John II. Seyle for the 
 erection of a building for the sum of twelve thousand dollars, on the 
 9th of December, in the afternoon, without public uotiee, but modestly 
 and silently, yet with all the ceremonial requisitions of the Order, the 
 Corner Stone of the new edifice was laid by the Grand Master. The 
 gorgeous ceremonies, the proud procession, the inspiring music aud the 
 public address, which attended the laying of the Corner Stone of the 
 former Hall, were in striking contrast with the simplicity and silence 
 of the present ceremoo}'. But there was a fearful anticipation of pos- 
 sible failure which still brooded over many of the leaders in that day, 
 and there was not yet heart to make a great display. It was to be ex- 
 pected and cannot be condemned. The future was unrevealed, and 
 they might timidly hope, but could hardly reasonably expect that full 
 fruition aud complete success that was to follow in a few years the 
 humble ceremony of the foundation stone, which, almost unobserved by 
 transient wayfarers, took place on the 9th of December, 18-40. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 18th of December, 1840. The 
 Grand Master, f-om the Building Committee, announced the purchase 
 of the lot, the fact that the contract for building the Hall had been 
 entered into, and the corner stone laid, aud also that on the next day 
 the first installment of the fire loan would be received. Of this fire 
 loan it may be necessary to say a word in explanation. After the dis- 
 astrous fire of 1838, the Legislature of the State appropriated two 
 millions of dollars for the relief of the sufferers. The relief was to be 
 effected in this way. Whenever any one holding a lot on the burnt 
 district was desirous of rebuilding, he was entitled to borrow a certain 
 sum of money in proportion to the value of his lot and the house or 
 bnildinc which he intended to erect. The first installment of <hi^ 
 
278 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 loan was paid on a mortgage of the lot being executed to the State. 
 As soon as the proposed building had been completed to a certain 
 poi::t, another installment was paid, which was secured by a mortgage 
 on the proposed building, and as the work proceeded, the other install- 
 ments were duly paid. Ten years were granted for the repayment of 
 this loan, which period was subsequently extended. The facility of 
 borrowing money in this way gave rise to many bold speculations, and 
 what was intended to afford relief was, in some instances, the ulthn te 
 cause of ruin. Several persons purchased lots in the burnt district, 
 and borrowed large sums for the erec-tion of buildings, the rent of 
 which did not pay the interest on the lean, and they were finally sold 
 on a foreclosure of mortgage at prices far below the original cost. To 
 the Grand Lodge, whose lot was in the burnt district, and therefore 
 entitled to the loan, this privilege was of great advantage, and the sum 
 of twelve thousand nine hundred dollars was borrowed in this way 
 from the State. 
 
 The annual election took place, and Gen. Edward H. Edwards was 
 eler-ted Grand Master. 
 
 It was resolved that the present Grand Master should be added to 
 the Building Committee at the expiration of his term of office. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated without 
 procession or address. 
 
 The Grand Master elect was installed by Bro. C. M. Furman, Past 
 Grand Master, and the former then installed the other officers. 
 
 The thanks of the Grand Ledge were returned to Bro. Furman 
 " for the faithful, zealous and efficient manner in which he had dis- 
 charged the duties of his high office." 
 
 The Grand Lodge was then closed, and the brethren proceeded to 
 the supper room to close the day in harmony and peace. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 279 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIV. 
 
 THE YEAR 1841. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1841 : 
 
 Edward H. Edwards, Grand Master ; 
 
 Wm. B. Foster, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 JOHN Ewan, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 Thomas A. Hayden, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Rev. Albert Case, Grand Chaplain; 
 
 II. G. STREET, Grand Treasurer ; 
 
 John W. Bruen, Corresponding Grand Secretary ; 
 
 John H. Honour, Recording Grand Secretary ; 
 
 J. E. Odena, ) 
 
 ,-, ,-. f Senior Grand Deacons; 
 
 Geo. Dunn, ) 
 
 J. A. Wagener, 
 
 i Junior Grand Deacons ; 
 F. Meiirtens, 3 
 
 Sol. Moses, Grand Marshal; 
 
 T. R. Saltar, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 F. C. Barber, ") n , 0l 7 
 > Grand S'eivaras ; 
 
 W. C. Gai EW ood, ) 
 
 F. C. HlH, Grand 'Tiln: 
 
 For the first tiu, e since the yenr 182G, we find the Grand Lodge fill- 
 ing the office in this year of Grand Chaplain. This omission arose 
 from no disrespect on the part of the Fraternity towards the clerical 
 profession, or any un ^ulingness for the administration of religion in 
 the ceremonies of iae Grand Lodge. It was unfortunately the result 
 of necessity, and nothing more clearly shows the unpopular condition of 
 the Order in the State at the time tha ) the fact that for the long period 
 of fourteen years there was no clergyman of character or prominence 
 in the Order on whom the office of Grand Chaplain could be bestowed. 
 Although the sp ; rit of anti-Masonry which in 1828 had begun to 
 appear in the Northern and Western States, and had, in some degree, 
 extended into a few of the Southern, was utterly unknown in South 
 Carolina as the watchword of a political party, or as the ingredient in a 
 spirit of persecution ; although nobody look any interest in what was 
 
280 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 called "the Morgan excitement," and although Masonry was never in 
 the way of public service or political preferment, because such an exter- 
 nal and irrelevant ingredient in politics was wholly contrary to the well 
 settled policy of the State, and the character of the people then as it 
 is now; yet it must be confessed that the battle which Masonry had 
 been compelled to wage with its adversaries, and the accusations which 
 had been poured upon it elsewhere, had produced a deleterious effect 
 upon it here. Men of prominent position and of elevated social con- 
 dition, whether that position and condition arose from the adventitious 
 circumstances of family or wealth, or from the more rational influences 
 of talents and moral worth, were indisposed to unite with an Order 
 holding, in the estimation of the world abroad, so equivocal a position. 
 There had been no persecution here, as in New York and Pennsylvania 
 and New England, to awaken that spirit f resistance and martyrdom 
 which persecution always does, and Masonry in Carolina fell at that 
 time from its " high estate " by indifference, and not by opposition. 
 Hence, with the exception of the office of Grand Master, most of the 
 offices of the Grand Lodge had been filled for years by gentlemen of no 
 public influence, high social rank or elevated professional character. 
 Most of the men who, during all these dark years, took the greatest in- 
 terest in Masonry, were poor and humble in their means, and often un- 
 educated, and sometimes even unintellectual in their character. There 
 were of course exceptions to this condition of things — not all the men 
 of power and position had abandoned the meetings' o tne Grand Lodge 
 if not connection with the Order; but it bj certain i lat f° r these four- 
 teen years there was not, in the whpke State, a sPg^ e clergyman of 
 character and influence, in his own church or in thr world, who took 
 any active part in the subject of Masonry. And P'-nce it was that 
 during that period the Grand Lodge was without a Chaplain. But a 
 better time was coming. The clouds of the ■oil storu 1 were rapidly dis- 
 persing, and the bright sunny day of prosperity was beginning to break 
 forth. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 26th of March, 1841, but no 
 business of importance was transacted. The work on the building was 
 in progress. 
 
 Special Communication on the 28th of May, 1841. Bro. H. G. 
 Street, the Grand Treasurer, intending permanently to leave the State, 
 resigned his office. The resignation was accepted, and the Recording 
 Grand Secretary was appointed Grand Treasurer, pro tempore, until 
 the election of a Grand Treasurer, which, of course, did not take place 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 281 
 
 until the regular annual election. This was the second time that the 
 irregularity was committed of receiving the resignation of an installed 
 officer during his time of service, and it is singular that in both cases 
 the resignation was made by the same person. 
 
 The Hall was now so far completed that arrangements were made for 
 renting the two stores beneath. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 25th of June, 1841. The Grand 
 Master having, in the recess of the Grand Lodge, granted a dispensa- 
 tion for the revival of Solomon's Lodge No. 1, a new warrant was 
 ordered to be issued to that Lodge. 
 
 The first fruits of the new Hall were about to be received. The 
 Grand Master announced that one of the stores beneath had been 
 rented for seven huudrcd dollars. 
 
 The condition of Masonry in New York attracted the attention of 
 the Grand Lodge. An illegal body, calling itself the u St. John's 
 Grand Lodge," had been organized there, aud the Grand Lodge of 
 South Carolina resolved that it regarded the attempted establishment 
 of St. John's Grand Lodge as illegal, and its tendency subversive of 
 the principles of Freemasonry, and that the measure met the unquali- 
 fied reprehension of this Grand Lodgn. 
 
 The representative system was highly approved of. Bro. John F. 
 Entz was appointed as the representative of the Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina at the Grand Lodge of New York, and the Grand Master was 
 requested to appoint representatives to such other Grand Lodges 
 throughout the Union as were willing to reciprocate. 
 
 The warrant and furniture of Lodge No 15, at Cheraw, were 
 returned by Bro. Lazarus, that L?dge hiving become extinct. 
 
 It was resolved to have a dedication of the Hall when completed, 
 and new clothing was ordered to be procured for the procession on that 
 occasion. 
 
 Special Communication on the 3d of September, 1841. This must 
 have been a glorious meeting for those who had so long struggled to 
 procure a Masonic home. We can imagine their pride and joy when 
 the Grand Master announced that the Hall was nearly completed, and 
 that the object of his calling the meeting was to obtain the action of 
 the Grand Lodge as to the disposition of the Hall. 
 
 It was resolved that the Hall should be dedicated on Wednesday, 
 the 22d of September, but in consequence of the condition of the 
 funds it was determined to dispense with a public procession. 
 
282 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 It was resolved that a committee of five should be appointed, to be 
 called the " Hall Committee," to whom should be entrusted the 
 management of every thing counected with the Hall. A new com- 
 mittee was thenceforth to be elected at every annual election of the 
 Grand Officers. The committee were to appoint a Keeper, who was to 
 reside on the premises, and prepare the rooms for the meetings. The 
 rent of Masonic bodies was fixed at four dollars for meetings at night, 
 and three dollars for those in the d: y. 
 
 The eventful and interesting day of dedication had now arrived. 
 The hopes and fears, the successes and the failures, the thought and 
 work of years was at length brought to a propitious termination, and 
 the Masonic H.ill at the South-east corner of King and Wentwofth 
 streets was dedicated in ample form, to the uses of Freemasonry, on 
 Wednesday afternoon, the 22d of September, 1841. So interesting an 
 event demands a full record of all the details connected with it. 
 
 The spacious Hall on the second story was filled with a vast con- 
 course of ladies and gentlemen at an early hour. At 4 o'clock, P. M., 
 the Grand Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of South-Carolina, fully 
 clothed, entered the Hall, followed by the several Subordinate Lodges, 
 and the Chapters of Royal Arch Masons, clothed with the decorations, 
 and wearing the Jewels of their respective Orders. 
 
 While the Grand Lodge was entering, and approaching the East, the 
 following Ode, written by Past Grand Master John L. Wilson, was 
 sung, accompanied with instrumental music, by a number of Professors 
 and Amateurs, who kindly volunteered their services for the occasion : 
 
 ODE. 
 
 See ! see ! the sons of light 
 Array' d in jewels bright, 
 
 How in these courts they flow 
 The symbol banner see ! 
 It speaks of Masonry, 
 
 Which only Masons know. 
 
 II. 
 
 Sound, sound the tuneful string 1 
 Corn, oil and wine they bring, 
 Around the Lodge they go ; 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 283 
 
 Raise high the solemn note ! 
 Let it to Heaven float ! 
 
 This Uall shall shield from woe 
 
 in. 
 
 Mark how that aged man, 
 Whose life seems but a span, 
 
 The sacred pages bear j 
 The compass rests thereon, 
 A gem too, all should own, 
 
 The never erring square. 
 
 IV. 
 
 At earth's foundation laid, 
 All tilings our Father made, 
 
 The prototype is here ; 
 Once strike aloud again 
 The soul-inspiring strain ! 
 
 Let music banish care. 
 
 Father in Heaven, see ! 
 Thy children here agree ! 
 
 'Twas thine own wisdom's plan ; 
 Open to every eye 
 The sacred pages lie, 
 
 That all thy truth may scan. 
 
 The Grand Chaplain then addressed the Throne of Grace in an im- 
 pressive and appropriate prayer, when the following Invocation Hymn, 
 written by Brother St. John Phillips, M.D., Past Master of Lodge 
 No. 14, was sung : 
 
 INVOCATION HYMN. 
 
 Thou ! who art God alone, 
 Accept before thy Throne 
 Our fervent prayer ! 
 To fill with light and gracn 
 
2 £4 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 This House, thy dwelling-place, 
 And bless thy chosen race, 
 God ! draw near ! 
 
 n . 
 
 As through the universe, 
 All nature's works diverse, 
 
 Thy praise accord ; 
 Let Faith upon us shine, 
 And Charity combine, 
 With Hope to make us thine, 
 
 Jehovah, Lord ! 
 
 in. 
 
 Spirit of Truth and Love I 
 Descending from above, 
 
 Our hearts inflame ; 
 Till Masonry's control, 
 Shall build in one the whole, 
 A temple of the soul, 
 
 To thy great name ! 
 
 IV. 
 
 And whilst from altars rise 
 Prayer's incense to the skies, 
 
 Beneath this dome, 
 Break the oppressor's rod, 
 Hurl tyrants to the sod, 
 And lead thy people, God ! 
 
 To freedom's home ! 
 
 Pillar of fire ! illume 
 The journey to the tomb, 
 
 Of all distrest ; 
 ! light their darksome grave, 
 Divide its surging wave, 
 And all the Brethren save 
 
 Tn Heaven's rest ! 
 
I.N SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 L'SO 
 
 The following address was then delivered by Bro. Albert Case, Grand 
 Chaplain : 
 
 Brethren of tiie Craft — 
 
 We have assembled this day to perform a pleasing, a most delightful 
 duty. To dedicate the Hall you have erected, to universal philanthro- 
 py — to give a local habitation to that altar, around which au assembled 
 world of the Fraternity may unite in the practice of the sublime vir- 
 tues. 
 
 [t matters not to what form of government he is subject — whether 
 under the most despotic, or the most - free; around this altar he will al- 
 ways meet with a friend, protector and brother. Nor does it matter 
 whether he has bowed down to idols, or false gods, with the Pagan — 
 performed a pilgrimage to Mecca, with the Mahometan — acknowledged 
 no Divine laws but the Mosaic — or kneels with the Christian to his 
 Father in Heaven, in thankfulness for the revelations of his Son, " sent 
 to turn away every one from his iuiquities." At (h's altar he will be 
 received with outstretched arms, and every thrill of his heart will be met 
 with a responsive throe of sympathy from each and all. 
 
 Although our doors are guarded from the intrusions of the curious 
 and the idle, as well as the malicious assaults of those who are ignorant 
 of our tenets, yet the instant the most humble and destitute of the Fra- 
 ternity approach the hall, the drawn sword of the Tyler is the jegis of 
 his protection, and the swift revolving door exhibits to his ravished 
 eyes, friends and brothers, ready to receive, and swift to administer to 
 his every want. 
 
 It has been matter of astonishment to many how any society, con- 
 sisting of such apparently discordant materials as compose the Masonic 
 Fraternity, has lasted so long, ami gives such evidence of continued 
 future existence. 
 
 When they are told that the passions engendered by the bickerings 
 of party, and the more cruel denunciations of theological sects, can 
 uever find admittance here, they will then see much of the fruitful 
 sources of discord at once dried up and removed. But, when they are 
 informed that the Mason bows at an altar, where Brotherly Love, Truth, 
 Temperance, Fortitude, Prudence, Justice and Charity unbounded reign; 
 where 
 
 ■• Friendship, on wing etherial flying round, 
 Stretches her arm to bless tlie hallowed ground, 
 Humanity well-pleased, there takes her stand. 
 
286 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 . Holding her daughter, Pity, in her hand : 
 Here Charity, which soothes the Widow's sigh, 
 And wipes the dew-drop from the Orphan's eye ; 
 There stands Benevolence, whose large embrace 
 Uncircumscribed, takes in the human race; 
 She sees each narrow tie, each private end 
 Indignant — virtue's universal friend, 
 Scorning each frantic zealot tool, 
 She stamps on Mason's breasts her golden rule." 
 
 I say when they are thus informed, there will be no more astonishment 
 that our Society has stood, stands, and will continue to stand, wheu 
 selfishness, hatred, and all base principles, shall dissolve and die. Surely 
 there is nothing surprising in seeing every nation, sect and caste, pay- 
 ing a deep regard and reverence for those sublime virtues, which are 
 universally admitted and admired. Oh, no! It is a matter of more 
 surprise that all who know so much of our Institution as we are per- 
 mitted to reveal, do not rush to our Lodges, to know what other virtues 
 we teach, and what are our incentives to the performance of the high- 
 est moral duties. 
 
 My Brethren and Friends: 
 
 I will not detain you a moment with the antiquity and origin of our 
 Society. It matters uot whether the fanciful idea of Preston, that it 
 dates from creation, or the more rational deduction of others, that it 
 was instituted at the building of Solomon's Temple, be correct or other- 
 wise ; we know that it is of human origin, resting upon pillars, without 
 which Heaven itself would fall. We know that it ranks among the 
 most ancient and the most honored of human institutions; it has with- 
 stood the assaults of European despotic tyrants, and the Spanish Inqui- 
 sition; and in our own free and happy countiy, the unbridled fury of 
 the ignorant, and the more artful falsehoods and subtle insinuations of 
 the demagogue have passed by, without scathing a pillar, or dimming 
 the lustre of our smallest light ! 
 
 The antiquity of the Institution affords abundant evidence to the 
 reflecting mind, that the principles of eternal truth abide with it; and 
 the great and good that have been its eulogists, entitle it to the respect 
 of all. 
 
 No other system of ethics or philosophy has endured the test of 
 time, and the finger of decay, like that inculcated within the veil of 
 the Masonic Temple. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 287 
 
 The palaces of kings have been left desolate; whole cities have 
 crumbled into ruin; fertile fields have been laid waste; nations have 
 gone to oblivion, and are numbered with the things that were. Even 
 the noblest memorials of the skill of ancient craftsmen have been laid 
 in ashes. The land of Palestine is the land of the tuibaned Moslem — 
 the glory of Moriah, the mount of God's owa temple, hath passed 
 away; the throne of Solomon, so long the wonder of the world, has 
 fallen down ; the beauty of its diadem has faded, its coronal is 
 withered. The seat of Tyre's earthly glory — that " crowning city, 
 whose merchants were princes, and whose traffickers were the honorable 
 of the earth ;" the birth place of the '• widow's son," is made a place 
 whereon the fishermeu spread their nets. Babylon, too, "the glury of 
 the kingdoms, the beauty of Chaldee's excellency," is overthrown — its 
 ban ucting halls are the abode of reptiles, and wild beasts howl in her 
 desolate places. Yet amid all this and greater desolation, Masonry 
 still lives ! In the language of a daughter of song,* 
 
 "Crowns have grown play-'hing', since first we united, 
 Glory's frail fabrics have fallen to nought; 
 Nations have risen, like lamps newly lighted, 
 Then in oppression's dark mantle been caught, 
 While like a sunny till, 
 Silent, yet gaining still, 
 Deeper and wider our influence has spread; 
 Soothing the widow's fears, 
 Wiping the orphan's tears, 
 Strength to the weak — to the fatherless, bread." 
 
 How idle, and how impotent are, and ever will be, the puny efforts 
 of malice, or the strong arm of power, against the inculcation and 
 practice of the sublime virtues, which have a common God for their 
 origin, and an unbounded universe for their temple ! 
 
 Those who are ignorant of the use to which we apply the ordinary 
 implements of handicraftsmen, cannot be fully informed of their use- 
 fulness without initiation. But we all know that the most impressive 
 mode of communicating knowledge is by the language of symbols. 
 The Bquare and the compasses which are used by operative masons 
 convey no moral information to the ordinary observer, but resting as 
 they arc upou that sacred volume, which is never closed in our Lodges, 
 
 • Mtsa Mary E. Lee, of Charleston. 
 
288 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 they at once teach the most important and salutary lessons of our 
 duties to ourselves, our fellow-men, our couutry, and our God. 
 
 The Bible teaches us to honor and adore the Almighty maker of 
 heaven and earth, and the existence of the great Architect of the 
 Universe is solemnly acknowledged, and his blessing invoked in every 
 lawful convocation of the brotherhood. 
 
 The truth of the sacred page which informs us that the eye of the 
 Omniscient never slumbers nor sleeps, is forcibly impressed upon our 
 minds by a prominent emblem of our Order, which instructs us that 
 the "all seeing eye" is upon us, and we cannot elude its vigils. 
 
 By one of the implements which rests on the open book, we are 
 taught to square our lives by the principles of morality and virtue, 
 and to let our conduct be in accordance with the immutable principles 
 of God. 
 
 By the other, we are taught to compass our desires within due 
 bcunds, to circumscribe our wants and expenditures within the circle 
 of reasonable duty. 
 
 Who does not see in the level the equality of our nature, the 
 guardian care of our common Parent, and that all are equally destined 
 to the grave ! By it we are instructed to meet upon the level, to 
 acknowledge no distinction save those of merit, and to allow no 
 external inequality to conflict with the obligations of brotherly love. 
 
 Who does not see in the plumb-line the symbol of an upright man, 
 and thereby receive instruction to walk uprightly before God and man; 
 in the pot of incuse, purity of conduct, and in the beehive industry? 
 
 The sword pointed to the naked heart, immediately below the " all 
 seeing eye," cautions us to avoid transgression and sin, or certain pun- 
 ishment will follow our demerits. 
 
 The anchor and the ark, the hour-glass and the scythe, teach the 
 Mason lessons of instruction, that are all important to his h. pplness. 
 
 But I will not fatigue you with a further recital of our symbolical 
 nomenclature, which stands first in the philosophy of language, and is 
 familiar to every Mason. 
 
 Most Worshipful Grand Master, and Officers of the Grand Lodge : 
 
 The edifice whijh here has risen under your inspection — the Hall, 
 set apart for Masonic purposes, and hereafter to be the seat of all the 
 sublime virtues which ennoble and adorn the character of man, is now 
 entrusted to your faithful guardianship. 
 
 Your former zeal and diligence affords a sure guaranty that your 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 289 
 
 duties for the future will not be neglected. I know they will be done, 
 and well done ; and I trust that the " all-seeing eye" which pervades 
 the inmost recesses of the heart, may look with benignity upon your 
 labors. 
 
 Brethren, Officers, and Members of the Subordinate Lodges : 
 
 Your Lodges are the pillars upon which the Grand Lodge rests. It 
 is by your prosperity and assistance they flourish and rise to eminence. 
 By your aid we are provided with this stately Hall for our future con- 
 venience and comfort. 
 
 But above all it is by your good conduct that Masonry is to be of 
 good report. Already has it been viewed in an unfavorable light by 
 some. They have been so uncharitable as to charge home upon Free- 
 masonry every thing reprehensible iu the conduct of Masons ; thus 
 pretending that if there be a bad Mason, the principles of the Institu- 
 tion must have base tendencies. 
 
 But this is manifestly an unjust mode of reasoning — it is unfair to 
 pronounce every system base, which may have some unworthy men 
 attached to it. Bad men may, and do, occasionally gain admission 
 into our Lodges, but if they are not rendered better thereby, they are 
 not worthy to be retained. Better to apply the pruning knife occa- 
 sionally, than the whole body suffer from the bad conduct 0/ those who 
 are unworthy to be called Masons. If our Order has been disgraced 
 by some, so likewise has it been honored by many great aud virtuous 
 men, who reflect lustre on any society — whose actions even prejudice 
 cannot censure, and whose virtues malignity itself dare not impeach. 
 Though our Institution has suffered from the conduct of its profe-sed 
 friends, though it has been retarded in its movements by enemies from 
 without, the night of its sorrow is well nigh spent, the morning has 
 dawned, and great will be the light of *he day. 
 
 Masonry is now rising from her apparent slumbers, removing the 
 rubbish in the way of her progress, the cloud that lowered o'er her 
 brightness is disappearing, and she will stand forth fair as the sun in 
 the heavens ! 
 
 I congratulate you, my brethren, on the prospects of our beloved 
 Order. Throughout our common country an increasing interest is 
 mrnifested in her behalf, and here, where your former temple was des- 
 troyed,* annther has arisen, a monument of your devotion to Free- 
 
 * An allusion to the Hall which was destroyed by the conflagration of 1888. 
 19 
 
290 HISTORY OF FREEMASOiNKV 
 
 masonry, and an ornament to your city. I trust the glory of this latter 
 temple shall be greater and more permanent than the glory of the 
 former. 
 
 The opposition has nearly ceased, and the desire cf the community 
 is, that here you may cultivate and extend the principles you hold 
 dear. 
 
 You have advocates aside from the members of the Craft — advocates 
 whose intercessions will be heard and answered, for they are the plead- 
 ings of the widows and orphans, who have been succored by the hands 
 of Freemasons, and who gratefully acknowledge the beneficial influ- 
 ence of Masonry. 
 
 I charge you, my brethren, that you neglect not the practice of the 
 principles enjoined upon you. 
 
 The interest of the Craft is, in some measure, in your hands. Be 
 not indifferent thereto, sully it not by dissipation or vice; but let cau- 
 tion guard you from applying the means of your Lodges to other than 
 Masonic purposes. Regulated by the precepts of wisdom, supported 
 by the strength of virtue, and adorned with the beauty of benevolence, 
 your actions will escape censure, and receive the approbation of the 
 wise and goad. 
 
 Live within the bounds of prudence; control the passions; keep a 
 tongue of good report; maintain truth, and practice charity; and you 
 will not only display the principles of the Order, but do more to com- 
 mend Freemasonry than all the arguments you can wield, or all the 
 eloquence of verbal panegyric. 
 
 It is said that when Alexander the Conqueror was informed that a 
 man in his army, bearing his name, was a coward, he summoned him to 
 his presence, and inquired if the charge was true. The soldier con- 
 fessed his cowardice; whereupon Alexander ordered him to banish his 
 cowardice or change his name : "For," said he, "the name Alexander 
 signifies a brave man, and it is not proper for a coward to tarnish it." 
 So we say, the name Freemason signifies a good man, and if there are 
 those, calling themselves Freemasons, who are not influenced by the 
 principles of Masonry — who constantly practice that she condemns — 
 they should alter their conduct, or cease to call themselves Masons, for 
 it is not proper for men to remain with us who will not practice, in some 
 degree, the precepts of the Institution. 
 
 Let me entreat you, my brethren, to persevere in the diligent exer- 
 cise of those virtues which you are taught in your Lodges. Masonry 
 is calculated to make a cood man better; and none can reach in an 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 291 
 
 equal degree the highest point of human perfection, without being a 
 Mason. 
 
 May God give you strength to do all its reasonable requirements. 
 
 Fcllo w-cilize n s — 
 
 Not of the Order of Masonry — permit me to render to you our thanks 
 for honoring us with your attendance at this time. 
 
 To the Jadies, more especially, is it incumbent on me to speak. In 
 behalf of the Fraternity. / thank you for your presence and attention. 
 'Tis true that the rules of admission forbid the conferring of the de- 
 grees of Masonry on woman ; not, however, from a want of esteem for 
 her sex, or regard for her influence, nor by reason of the absurd and 
 libellous assertion, that "no woman can keep a secret" — but from one, 
 among other reasons, that at the balding of the Temple they did not 
 labor with the Craft — nor are they required to do so at this day, or to 
 enter the- lists in Legislative halls-, or go to the field of carnage and 
 slaughter in defence of their country. No : where Masonry is cher- 
 ished by the other sex, there females are saved from these, and the 
 sterner duties of active life, and instead of being the laborers and de- 
 fenders, they are protected. 
 
 But there is a higher and a better reason why they are not admitted. 
 They do not require the incentives, nay, the obligations of Masonry to 
 induce them to practice the virtues I have spoken of. What Mason is 
 there who practices more eminently that love which forgives injuries, 
 or returns good for evil than woman ? Where can the repository of 
 truth so readily be found as in woman ? Temperance, which is taught 
 and enforced upon man, is her habit. In fortitude, that which bearst 
 the ills of life without repining, and undergoes every privation without 
 a murmur — what man, nay, what Mason can equal woman ? Where will 
 you seek prudence, but in the modest refinements of woman? Justice 
 is wisely represented by a female figure, and an even balance; aud Charity 
 could not be personified but in the character of helpless children 
 clustering round, and hanging upon the angelic eyes of woman ! I 
 have said she docs not require the inceutive that man does to induce to 
 the practice of the noblo virtues, or enlist her energies in the cause of 
 humanity. If more proof of this fact were needed, we have it in the 
 testimony of the intelligent Ledyard, who had visited every quarter of 
 the globe, and carefully observed the disposition and habits of both 
 sexes. He says: "In all countries, civil aud savage, I have found 
 man rudo, cruel, and inhospitable; but in no country, savage or civil- 
 
2£2 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 ized, have I ever addressed woman in the language of decency and po- 
 liteness, but I was responded to with kindness and attention." Who 
 then can see the necessity or propriety of woman's taking upon herself 
 the obligations of Masonry? Who does not rather say that man, the 
 rough ashlar, should submit to artificial bonds, and such moral influ- 
 ences as Masonry exerts, that he may become strong in moral principle 
 and the virtues, and active in deeds of kindness and charity, as in wo- 
 man ! 
 
 Respecting the secrecy of our Order. The Great Architect of the 
 Universe reveals not all his plans to us, but many secrets are known 
 only to him. We are permitted to know what Infinite Wisdom sees 
 best for us to understand, yet we know not his design for the morrow, 
 or what shall happen next month or next year. Consequently God not 
 only possesses secrets, but approbates secrecy. And as Freemasonry 
 is an imitation of the creation, Masons should imitate the great Builder, 
 by keeping some things secret; and they have the high sanction of the 
 Creator for the secrecy they require and observe ! God has revealed 
 sufficient respecting his plans, to convince us that they are founded in 
 infinite wisdom, for the promotion of the happiness of his children and 
 his own glory; and enough of Masonry is divulged to satisfy the can- 
 did mind that the system is one of wisdom, benevolence and philan- 
 thropy, which promotes the purity and felicity, whilst it does honor to 
 human nature. 
 
 My Brethren: Let us renewedly engage at the altar, that our lives 
 shall be in accordance with our declared principles. Let us fulfil this 
 engagement, that "our light may shine before others," until we are 
 " called from labor to refreshment," and a^i entrance is given us within 
 the portals of the "Grand Lodge" above, which hath no need of the 
 sun, neither of the moon to shine in it, for it is lighted by the glory 
 of God ! 
 
 Go on, my brethren, in imitation of Him, who completed the temple 
 of the universe ! Go on to further conquests in the work of purity 
 and benevolence, until the great moral temple shall have arisen in all 
 its glory, and the head stone thereof shall be brought forth with shout- 
 ings, crying grace, grace, unto it. 
 
 The address was succeeded by the following ode, which was also 
 written for the occasion by Dr. St. John Phillips: 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 298 
 
 ODE. 
 
 At dawn of creation, when bright beams of morniug 
 
 Broke thro' the regions of chaos and night, 
 Aud Angels rejoic'd at the glory adorning, 
 
 The frame-work of nature with order aud light, 
 
 Soon as the brilliant ray, 
 
 Symbol of endless day ! 
 Suffus'd with its blush the earth and the sea, 
 
 Then on the new-born man, 
 
 Beam'd the grand mystic plan, 
 Of Masonry's Orders, accepted and free. 
 
 II. 
 
 From caves of old oceau, whose deep rolling fountains 
 
 Gush where foundations of earth darkly lie, 
 Grand columns rise into ice-cover' d mountains. 
 To prop up the Arch of the star-spangled sky. 
 
 His was the shrine of love, 
 
 Who, from Flis throne above, 
 Ancient of Days ! gave the sovereigu decree ; 
 
 And from the corner stone, 
 
 Were all the virtues shown, 
 Of Masonry's Orders, accepted and free. 
 
 in. 
 
 A cherub there came of beauty in vision, 
 
 Whom mortals have call'd by Faith's holy name; 
 Beside her next stood Hope, pure and elysian, 
 As ever appear'd in the first dream of fame : 
 
 And whilst Immortals there, 
 
 Charity, gracious fair ! 
 Daughter of Heaven ! burnt incense to thee ; 
 
 Swell'd anthems glorious ! 
 
 Triumph victorious ! 
 Of Masonry's Orders, accepted and free. 
 
 IV. 
 
 And here have we built, as a shelter from danger, 
 A temple, to friendship and virtue combin'd, 
 
294 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Where the Orphan, the "Widow, and destitute Stranger, 
 A Mason's compassion and favor may find. 
 
 Far from deceit and art, 
 
 Freely •with hand and heart, 
 Welcome the Brother whoever he be ! 
 
 Here may the pilgrim guest, 
 
 Find the sweet home of rest, 
 Of Masonry's Orders, accepted and free 
 
 v. 
 
 May the Grand Master whom, all things possessing. 
 
 The Heaven of Heavens can never contain, 
 Crown this good work with His favor and blessing. 
 And Charity's fabric in mercy sustain ! 
 
 Till as the courses rise 
 
 Up to the radiant skies, 
 In that Grand Lodge may all mankind agree; 
 
 And in the reign of peace 
 
 Only with time shail cease, 
 Great Masonry's Orders, accepted and free. 
 
 The audience was then dismissed with the usual benediction, and 
 the Craft proceeded to the Lodge room alone, which being duly tiled, 
 the Grand Master, Gen. Edward H. Edwards, delivered the following 
 brief address : 
 
 Brethren : Our new *' Masonic Hall " being now completed, I 
 have convened you for the purpose of dedicating it to Almighty God, 
 the Grand Architect of Heaven and Earth, and to the purposes of 
 Freemasonry. 
 
 The ancient custom of dedicating or setting apart public Edifices 
 and Temples to the Supreme and Eternal God, some Titular Saint, or 
 for public purposes, has existed for so many centuries that its propriety 
 cannot at this time be questioned — it had its origin in the early stages 
 of society, and has prevailed ia every age and in every country, and 
 though by some, it may be deemed an unmeaning and useless cere- 
 mony, it has not always been unattended with beneficial results. But 
 among the Masonic Fraternity, the practice has been universal 
 throughout the world. 
 
 I have, therefore, under the authority vested in me as Grand Master, 
 assembled you to ask your assistance on the present occasion, and to 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 395 
 
 urge upon you a strict adherence to those ancient rites and ceremonies 
 transmitted to us by our Book of Constitution — bearing in mind that 
 we are members of that .great mystic family among whom friendship, 
 brotherly love and affection should ever prevail — of an Institution 
 whose advantages you have just heard so eloquently described; and 
 among whose members it is our pride to be enrolled. 
 
 No societies have ever yet been formed that could offer the same 
 advantages to a community as those of Freemasons; existing exten- 
 sively in both hemispheres, they can diffuse knowledge, science and 
 virtue through all the world like the glorious orb of day, whose cheer- 
 ing influence animates all creation. "Each Masonic Government 
 regularly established is but a part of one great institution bound 
 together by one fundamental Constitution, and administered not only 
 for the advantage of its own people, but for the interest of the whole 
 Fraternity." And Brethren, what object can be more gratifying to 
 humanity, what act more acceptable to God, than a society of benevo- 
 lent men, formed for the purpose of relieving the distresses of their 
 follow-men, for soothing the afHictcd widow, and of rearing and pro- 
 tecting the destitute orphans cast upon a cold world in poverty aud 
 woe; or opening the portals of the unhappy prisoner, and exchan^mjr 
 his loathsome dungeon for the possession of liberty. Such are the 
 great objects of the Society of Freemasons, aud such the principles 
 that should govern every member of the Fraternity. 
 
 In the ancient ceremonies now about to be performed, the strictest 
 propriety of behavior should be observed, for it is the character aud 
 conduct of the members of our Institution that stamp impressions on 
 the public mind. Let me then entreat you, Brethren, so to square 
 your actions by the rules of order and decorum, that we may on this 
 occasion exhibit to ourselves and to the world at large our devotion to 
 Freemasonry, our reverence for its laws and institutions, our determ- 
 ination to support its principles, and our anxious desire to promote the 
 honor, welfare and happiness of the whole Masonic family. 
 
 The new Lodge room was then solemnly dedicated to Freemasonry, 
 virtue and universal benevolence, and the usual votes of thanks to the 
 Orator and the choristers having been adopted, the Grand Lodge was 
 closed in ample form. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 24th of September, 1841. A war- 
 rant was granted for the revival of Richland Lodge No. 39. 
 
 \ warrant xnfl "ranto-i tr. Harmony Lodge tfo. 17, at Barnwell <\ Tl 
 
296 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 The Hall committee announced that they had engaged "Bro. John 
 H. Schmidt as Hall Keeper, with a salary of twenty dollars per mouth. 
 
 The store under the south tenement was rented for $450, and the 
 western tenement of the house in the yard for $120 per annum. 
 
 It was resolved to have a procession and address on St. John's day 
 next, and a committee of arrangements was appointed. 
 
 Special Communication on the 2d of October, 1841. The use of 
 the Lodge room having been rented to the Society of Odd Fellows, one 
 of whose organizations met on every Friday night, and as the Quarterly 
 Communications of the Grand Lodge had always taken place on the 
 third Friday of the appropriate month, it was found necessary to make 
 some arrangement for obviating the interference of the two bodies 
 which would thus take place. It was therefore determined, by a vote 
 of 24 to 5, that the future quarterly meetings of the Grand Lodge 
 should be held on the first Tuesday in December, March, June and 
 September, but it was, at the same time, resolved that no Society should 
 be allowed to interfere with the meeting of the Grand Lodge on St. 
 John's day. That day, at least, was to be kept sacred from all intru- 
 sion. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 7th of December, 1841. The 
 annual election of Grand Officers took place, and Gen. Edward H. 
 Edwards was reelected Grand Master. 
 
 From the report of the acting Grand Treasurer, it appears that at 
 this time the Grand Lodge was indebted in the sum of twenty thou- 
 sand one hundred and fifty dollars, with a balance in the treasury of 
 five hundred and twelve dollars, and dues to it of about two thousand 
 four hundred dollars, of which hardly more than three hundred could 
 be considered as good. 
 
 The necessity of adopting and preserving a proper system of work 
 in the Subordinate Lodges, was again beginning to attract the attention 
 of the Grand Lodge. A Lodge of Instruction, to consist of seven ex- 
 perienced Masons, was appointed. This Lodge never acted, and it will 
 be seen that the Grand Lodge found it subsequently necessary to 
 adopt the old method of a Grand Lecturer. Lodges of Instruction are 
 good for nothing but evil, unless there be first some one who can in- 
 struct the Lodge of Instruction. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated. The 
 Grand and Subordinate Officers were installed. A procession was then 
 formed, which moved to the First Baptist Church, where, after odes by 
 the choir and a prayer by the Grand Chaplain, an able address was de- 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 297 
 
 livered by Bro. Wm. H. Inglesby, Past Master of Solomon's Lodge 
 No. 1. On returning to the Hall the usual votes of thanks were passed. 
 Bro. F. C. Barber was recognized as the Representative of the Grand 
 Lodge of New York. The Grand Master appointed the following 
 brethren to compose the Lodge of Instruction : H. G. Street A 
 McDonald, C. M. Furman, St. John Phillips, A. Case, J. H. Honour ; 
 aud G. B. Eckhard. The Grand Lodge partook of a banquet. 
 
298 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER XXXT. 
 
 THE YEAR 1S42. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1842 : 
 
 E. II. EDWARDS, Grand Master; 
 
 W. B. Foster, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 T. A. HAYDEN, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 J. W. Bruen, Junior Grand Warden ; 
 
 Rev. A. Case, Grand Chaplain; 
 
 J. H. HONOUR, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 A. McDonald, Corresponding Grand Secretary ; 
 
 F. C. BARBER, Recording Grand Secretary ; 
 
 J. E. Odena, ) 
 
 c Senior Grand Deacons; 
 
 F. Mehrtens, ") 
 
 T . T,r f Junior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 »J . A. Y\ AGENER, ) 
 
 Sol. Moses, Grand Marshal ; 
 
 T. R. SALTAR, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 T. C. Logier, ") 
 
 a, W. Cramer, j Grand Si ™ ard *i 
 
 Samuel Seyle, Grand Tiler. 
 
 The great amount of indebtedness of the Grand Lodge for the Hall 
 which had just been erected, made it necessary that its officers and 
 members should be continually active in devising means for the increase 
 of its funds and the liquidation of its debt. With this view, there- 
 fore, the Hall Committee had recommended that a Masonic ball should 
 be given on the 22d of February, the anniversary of Washington's 
 birth, and it was expected that the result of the sale of tickets would 
 be found profitable to the treasury of the Grand Lodge. This expecta- 
 tion was generally entertaiued by the Fraternity, and accordingly it was 
 resolved, at a Special Communication on the 31 st of January, 1842, 
 that a ball should be given on Washington's birth-day, and a Committee 
 of Arrangements was appointed to carry the novel measure into effect. 
 
 Another matter of more importance to the interests of Freemasonry 
 than any sacrifice to the genius of Terpsichore also attracted the atteu- 
 
INT SOUTH CAROLINA. 299 
 
 tion of the Grand Lodge at this Communication. The great advautage, 
 if not the absolute necessity, of having a uniform system of work and 
 lectures throughout the United States had always been admitted, and 
 from time to time the best mode of accomplishing this object had en- 
 gaged the serious attention of the Craft in various parts of the country. 
 At length it had been determined to hold a convention at the city of 
 Washington on the first Monday in March, 1842. The Grand Lodge 
 of South Carolina, whom we have already seen occupied in various 
 efforts to secure a uniform mode of working in its owu jurisdiction, 
 adopted at once the proposition of some of its sister Grand Lodges to 
 hold a convention for this purpose in the Federal city, and the Grand 
 Master was requested to appoint a delegate. In consequence the Hou. 
 Isaac E. Holmes, at that time one of the representatives of South Caro- 
 lina in the national Congress, received the appointment; the selection 
 having, undoubtedly, been made with consideration to his residence at 
 that time in Washington, and the convenience with which he could at- 
 tend the meeting of the Convention. The Convention was held. Ten 
 Grand Lodges were represented, South Carolina being oue of the num- 
 ber, and it was resolved that the different Grand Lodges should be re- 
 quested to appoint Grand Lecturers or Delegates to meet in convention 
 at Baltimore in May, 1843, for the purpose of establishing a uniform 
 system of work. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 1st of March, 1842. The Grand 
 Master was authorized in all cases of suspended Lodges to grant dis- 
 pensations for their revival, and to make the best arrangement in his 
 power with regard to their previous indebtedness to the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Several zealous brethren, members of different Lodges, having 
 organized a voluntary Lodge of Instruction for the purpose of improve- 
 ment and mutual consultation in the work of Masonry, the Grand 
 Lodge determined to grant the gratuitous use of the Lodge room to 
 such members of Lodges as might wish to meet for practice on Sunday 
 afternoous, provided they would remunerate the Hall Keeper for his 
 trouble in opening and preparing the room, and also provided their 
 assembling did not interfere with the meetings of any of the Lodges. 
 Although this grant was not as liberal as it might have been, yet, 
 under the circumstances of the case, it was thankfully accepted, and 
 much good was done by the meetings of these brethren, a great deal of 
 information was gleaned, and a step was taken in the road to ultimate 
 success in the practice of the ritual. 
 
 Quarterly Communication ou the 7th of June, 1842. The Graricl 
 
300 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Treasurer reported that the net proceeds of the Masonic ball amounted 
 to 8262 52. 
 
 The Grand Master having granted a dispensation for a Lodge in 
 St. Matthew's Parish, as Charity Lodge, and application having been 
 made for a warrant, the warrant was declined, and the Lodge was 
 authorized to continue to work under its dispensation for the present. 
 No reasou is assigned for this unusual act. The Lodge was subse- 
 quently warranted, and still exists as Charity Lodge No. 02. The 
 singularity about this history is that the Lodge seems to have taken 
 the Grand Lodge at its word, and continued to work under the dispen- 
 sation for sixteen years. Changes took place in the Grand Secretary- 
 ship, the subject was forgotten, the Lodge was in a remote place, and 
 as it made its returns regularly, precisely as a warranted Lodge, it was 
 not until the present Grand Secretary discovered the irregularity that 
 it was corrected. In 1858, a warrant was issued, and the necessary 
 fee was paid. 
 
 Bro. T. A. Hayden was recognized as the Representative of the 
 Grand Lodge of Georgia. Bro. Lucien La Taste was appointed by the 
 Grand Master as the Representative of this Grand Lodge at the Grand 
 Lodge of Georgia. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 6th of September, 1842. The 
 proceedings of the late Masonic Convention at Washington were laid 
 before the Grand Lodge, when it was resolved that the Grand Lodge 
 approve of the recommendation of the Convention that Grand Lec- 
 turers should be appointed from each of the Grand Lodges in the 
 Union, to meet in Baltimore in May next to agree upon a uniform sys- 
 tem of work for the United States, and the Grand Master was 
 recpiested to appoint delegates at the Quarterly Communication in 
 December, to represent this Grand Lodge on that occasion. 
 
 In consequence of a communication from Bro. John F. Entz, the 
 Representative of this Grand Lodge near that of New York, in relation 
 to certain irregular Lodges existing in that State, under the jurisdic- 
 tion of a spurious Supreme Council, it was resolved that no brother 
 should be permitted to visit any Lodge in this State who had not been 
 raised in a regular Lodge, working under the jurisdiction of a Grand 
 Lodge. The phraseology of the resolution was confused, but the 
 evident spirit of it was to deny the right of any Lodge of the Ancient 
 and Accepted Rite, whether regular or spurious, to exercise jurisdic- 
 tion in this State over the three symbolic degrees. 
 
 It was determined to celebrate the ensuing Festival of St. John the 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 301 
 
 Evangelist by a procession and a public address, and the Grand Master 
 was requested to appoint an Orator for the occasion. 
 
 Special Communication on the 27th of October, 1842. The Grand 
 Master announced that he had appointed Bro. Albert G. Mackey, M.D., 
 Senior Warden of Solomon's Lodge No. 1, the Orator for St. John's 
 day. 
 
 He also announced that he had appointed Bro. W. H. Ellis, Past 
 Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut, the Representative 
 of this Grand Lodge to that body. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 6th of December, 1812. A me- 
 morial was received from Soloiion's Lodge No. 1, praying for a reduction 
 of the fees for initiation, which was referred to a committee, and the 
 Grand Secretary was directed to furnish each Lodge with a copy of the 
 proposed scale of reduction, which was from twenty-nine dollars to 
 twenty, for the three degrees. 
 
 Heretofore the books of the Grand Treasurer had, by a regulation of 
 the Grand Lodge, been kept in an exceedingly complicated form, there 
 being no less than three distinct accounts kept open, one for the " Com- 
 mon Fund," another for the " Permanent Fund," and a third for the 
 " Charity Fund," besides a fourth one, lately opened, for the " Masonic 
 Hall Fund." It was now resolved that this system should be discon- 
 tinued, and that in future the Graud Treasurer should consolidate the 
 different funds and accounts into one general fund or account, com- 
 prising all the receipts and expenditures of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 The committee on the reduction of the fees for initiation was directed 
 to enquire into the expediency of reducing the salary of the Grand 
 Secretary and the commissions of the Grand Treasurer. Economy was 
 now the order of the day. 
 
 The Graud Master appointed Bros. Albert Case, F. C. Barber and 
 W. S. King, delegates to the proposed Masonic Convention at Balti- 
 more. Bro. Case was, however, the only one who attended the meet- 
 tog of the Convention. 
 
 Bro. Case cave notice of his intention to propose an amendment to 
 the Constitution, by which the office of Corresponding Grand Secretary 
 should he abolished. 
 
 The Grand Lodge entered into the annual election of officers, whcji 
 t'.t-n Edward ''. Kdwards was reelected Grand Master. 
 
 The Grand Stewards were ordered to prepare a banquet for St. John's 
 day, to be paid fur by the contributions of the members who should 
 
 partake of it. 
 
302 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated. An 
 indisposition, which soon after terminated fatally, prevented the attend- 
 ance of the Grand Master elect, but the Deputy Grand Master elect, 
 Bio. Geo. B. Eckhard, was installed by Bro. Win. B. Foster, Past 
 Deputy Grand Master, when the former installed the remaining officers. 
 
 A warrant was granted for the revival of Friendship Lodge No. 0, 
 in the city of Charleston. 
 
 A procession was then formed, which moved to the new Theatre, 
 where, after prayer by Bro. Case, Grand Chaplain, an address was de- 
 livered by Dr. Albert G. Mackey, Master of Solomon's Lodge No. 1. 
 The address was subsequently printed, at the request of the Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 The procession then returned to the Lodge room, where the usual 
 votes of thanks were passed, and the Deputy Grand Master was requested 
 to express to the Grand Master the unfeigned sorrow with which the 
 Grand Lodge has heard of his indisposition, and to carry to him its 
 wishes for his speedy recovery. 
 
 A committee was appointed to prepare and publish a brief abstract 
 of the proceedings of the last two years, but the duty was never per- 
 formed. The Grand Lodge was then closed, and the celebration of the 
 day was concluded by a banquet. 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA; Ml 
 
 CHAPTER XXXVI. 
 
 THE YEAR 1843. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 184.°> 
 
 Edward H. Edwards, Grand Master; 
 
 Geo. B. EcKHARD, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 J. C. Xorris, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 J. E. Odena, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Albert Case, Grand Chaplain; 
 
 .1. H. Honour, Grand Treasurer ; 
 
 F. C. Barber, Grand Secretary; 
 
 A. J. Davids, ) , 
 r t T1 r i Seiiwr Grand Deacons 
 
 .). A. \\ agexer, ) 
 
 II. S. Cohen, ) T . n , n 
 
 7 )■ Junior brand Dcacc 
 
 Jcacons ; 
 
 Sol. Moses, Grand Marshal; 
 
 T. R. Saltar, Grand Pursuivant; 
 
 i" Grand Stewards; 
 
 Samuel Seyle, Grand Tiler. 
 
 In conseqneiice of the anticipated abolition of the office of Corre- 
 sponding Grand Secretary, it was not filled at the previous election in 
 December, 1842. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 7th of March, 1843. 
 
 The warrant of Cheraw Lodge Xo. 15 was ordered, on the application 
 of several of the members, to be returned, and a warrant was grautcd 
 for DeKalb Lodge Xo. G4, at Benncttsville, in Marlboro District. 
 
 Special Communication on 4th of April, 1843. Rev. Albert Case 
 was recognized as the Representative of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut. 
 
 An interesting question of Masouic jurisprudence was presented to 
 the Grand Lodge. One of the rules of Lodge No. 21 debarred a mem- 
 ber from voting at elections who was twelve months or more in arrears. 
 .1 allies X. Collins, one of the members who had paid his arrears up to 
 St. John the Evangelist's day, 1841, was denied the right of voting at 
 tho annual election, which took place on the first Thursday in Decern- 
 
304 ' HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 ber, 1842, under the supposed influence of this rule. Against this de- 
 cision of the Lodge Bro. Collins appealed to the Grand Lodge, and the 
 case was referred to a committee, which committee made a report at 
 this Communication. The report of the committee contains the follow- 
 ing reasoning : 
 
 "The 15th rule of the Lodge is perfectly plain, and admits of but 
 one construction, namely, 'that members twelve months in arrears shall 
 be, debarred voting or holding any office.' It is equally plain and mani- 
 fest that if Bro. Collins had paid hi3 entire arrears up to St. John the 
 Evangelist's day, 1841, he could not on the first Thursday in Decem- 
 ber, 1842, which was only the 7th day of the month, be in the position 
 of one who came under the application of that rule. In other words, 
 being then in arrears only for eleven months and ten days, as is 
 proved by the Treasurer's receipt, he could not with any justice be 
 disfranchised of his right of voting, or visited with a penalty intended 
 to be inflicted on those only who were twelve months or more in 
 arrears." 
 
 This reasoning would appear to be almost equivalent to a truism, re- 
 quiring no argument to sustain it, and indeed the Grand Lodge has sub- 
 sequently, in relation to its own members, acted upon the principle ad- 
 vocated by the committee, but at that time the Grand Lodge, scarcely 
 cognizant of its own prerogatives and duties, was exceedingly reluctant 
 to interfere with the internal discipline of its subordinates, and hence 
 the report, although not actually rejected, was quietly laid upon the 
 table, whence it was never afterwards called up.* 
 
 The committee to whom the subject had been referred, recommended 
 a reduction of the fees for initiating, passing, and raising, from twenty- 
 nine to twenty dollars, of which amount four dollars and a half were 
 to accrue to the Grand Lodge, and two dollars to the Tiler of the 
 Lodge. The report was adopted, and the fees reduced, by a vote of 
 24 against 10. 
 
 The Grand Secretary was required to have the regular journal pre- 
 sent at all Communications of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Fifty dollars were appropriated towards defraying the expenses of 
 
 *The compiler of this history was the Chairman of the Committee and the au- 
 thor of the report. He had, at that time, been a Mason but little more than 
 eighteen months, and this was the first opinion he ever expressed on a point of 
 Masonic law. A long experience since, and much reading, have not inclined him 
 to doubt the views that he has expressed in that report. Time has only confirmed 
 to him their entire correctness. 
 
T\ T SOUTH CAROLINA. 305 
 
 the delegate to the Convention at Baltimore, it being understood that 
 only one, Bro. Case, would go. 
 
 Special Communication on the 15th of April, 1843. It has already 
 been seen that the Grand Master, Bro. Edward II. Edwards, had been 
 prevented by painful illness from being present at the celebration of 
 the Festival of St. John the Evangelist. To the fact of his absence 
 on that occasion the orator of the day had alluded, at the close of his 
 address, in the following language : 
 
 " I cannot close this brief address, without adverting with senti- 
 ments of the profoundest regret, to the melancholy circumstance which 
 deprives us on this festive occasion, of the presence of our highly ven- 
 erated Grand Master. To the dispensations of an over-ruling Provi- 
 dence we should always bow with humble obedience ; but our resignation 
 to the will of heaven cannot, in this instance, but be accompanied with* 
 feelings of becoming sorrow. During the many years that he has pre- 
 sided over our counsels and directed our labors, his urbanity, his zeal, 
 and his intelligence, as a man and a Mason, have laid up for him in 
 our hearts a fountain of love and reverence, that is now poured forth 
 in the full stream of sympathy for his pain and physical distress. Let 
 us devoutly trust that it may seem good to the Supreme Architect of 
 the Universe, speedily to restore him, with renovated health and 
 strength, again to occupy his place among us." 
 
 But the wish was a vain one; he never rose from that bed of illness, 
 and died on the 14th of the followiug April, and this Special Com- 
 munication was convened to pay the last Masonic honors to his remains. 
 A procession was formed, which united with the funeral cortege, and, 
 after the rites of the Protestant Episcopal religion had been performed 
 in St. Philip's Church, the Masonic funeral service was read at the 
 grave by the Grand Chaplain. 
 
 On returning to the Lodge room, obituary resolutions were adopted. 
 The Grand Lodge was directed to be clothed in mourniug during the 
 remaiuder of the year, and the brethren of the jurisdiction were re- 
 quested to wear crape on the left arm for thirty days. 
 
 By the death of Gen. Edward H. Edwards, Bro. Geo. B. Eckhard, 
 the Deputy Grand Master, became the acting Grand Master, and served 
 in that capacity until the election in December. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 6th of June, 1843. On the report 
 
 of a special committee advising the change, the salaries of the two 
 
 Grand Secretaries, the Corresponding and Recording, were reduced 
 
 to fiity dollars each per annum, and the commissions of the Grand 
 
 20 
 
396 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Treasurer to 2 J per cent, for receiving, and the same amount for 
 paying out. 
 
 At the suggestion of the same committee, the two offices of Corre- 
 sponding and Recording Grand Secretary were merged in one. As it 
 had been the special duty of the former of these officers to attend to 
 and report on the foreign correspondence of the Grand Lodge, which 
 duty was, of course, intended to embrace a review of the transactions 
 of other Grand Lodges, this duty, necessarily, by this change in the 
 constitution, devolved on the Recording Grand Secretary, and ever 
 since that officer has, in the Grand Ledge of South Carolina, performed 
 the labor which, in most other Grand Lodges, is entrusted to a Com- 
 mittee of Foreign Correspondence. This labor had, however, here, as 
 in other Grand Lodges, been only nominally performed, and the reports 
 of the Corresponding Grand Secretaries seldom exceeded a few lines in 
 length, and did not often contain more than an acknowledgment of the 
 receipt of transactions of foreign bodies, with the stereotyped commen- 
 tary that "they contained nothing of interest to this Grand Lodge/' 
 It was not until the year 1845, that any report of length, or any 
 synopsis of foreign transactions, was made by the Grand Secretary. 
 
 Richland Lodge No. 39 this year dedicated its Hall, and the Grand 
 Lodge received an invitation to attend, which it was not convenient to 
 accept. The Grand Tiler was however sent to Columbia with the 
 furniture, jewels and clothing of the Grand Lodge to assist in the 
 celebration. 
 
 The same Lodge, having expelled one of its members for gross 
 immoral conduct, applied to the Grand Lodge for permission to publish 
 the fact in the public journals. The Grand Lodge left this to the dis- 
 cretion of the Lodge. 
 
 Bro. Case, the Delegate of the Grand Lodge to the Convention of 
 Grand Lecturers at Baltimore, having returned, appeared before the 
 Grand Lodge and made a verbal report of the transactions of that 
 Convention. He then delivered the lecture on the first degree, and 
 explained the mode of opening and closing, as adopted by that body. 
 
 The whole subject was referred to a committee of seven, who were to ex- 
 amine the Baltimore system of work, and report at a subsequent meeting. 
 
 Of the Baltimore Convention, and of the " Baltimore work," so 
 much was said at the time, and so much continues even now to be said 
 in some parts of the country, that a few words of explanation will not, 
 perhaps, be deemed improper. A great deal of Masonic learning was 
 undoubtedly assembled on that occasion, and there was certainly a 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. -)Q^ 
 
 display of a generous and zealous feeling to make compromises in 
 matters which were not essential, and by diligent inquiry to obtain and 
 adopt that form of work which would be most consistent with the 
 ancient landmarks. The President of the Convention, himself an 
 able and distinguished Mason, and a gentleman of education and 
 general intelligence, gave his testimony to this effect, when he said, in 
 his report to the Grand Lodge of Virginia, that "in the truest spirit 
 of Masonic feeling, each delegate advancing to the holy altar of (ruth 
 and harmony, thereon deposited his local prejudices and predilections, 
 determined to effect that uniformity so essentially necessary to 
 characterize our time-honored Institution, and to secure to its professors 
 its inestimable advantages throughout the civilized world." I fear, 
 however, that the spirit of compromise was, before the close of the 
 Convention, carried to an unwarrantable extent, and that in some 
 instances the spirit of truth was sacrificed to the love of harmony. 
 All who were members of that Convention were of course possessed of 
 equal authority, but all were not equally learned, nor all equally im- 
 pressed with the Masonic abhorrence of innovation. It is certain, and 
 I speak here meo periculo, for at that time I carefully examined the 
 work as reported by Bro. Case to the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, 
 that in some very essential points important innovations were admitted, 
 which, when the Convention adjourned, were not acceptable to some of 
 the delegates, and which it was admitted at the time, were innovations 
 to be received with reluctance and in the spirit of improper compro- 
 mise. Hence, the work did not long preserve its identity, and having 
 been received in many places with dissatisfaction, it was soon neglected 
 or improved, or at least altered, so that in a few years the "Baltimore 
 work" became invested with a sort of mythical character, aud 
 although we now and then hear a lecturer or teacher declaring that he 
 is in possession of the " Baltimore work," we are inclined to think 
 that he is laboring under a delusion, and view his pretensions as we 
 would those of the alchemists of old, who claimed to be in possession 
 of the universal menstruum. 
 
 But there is another circumstance to which we must attribute in 
 part the failure of the Baltimore Convention to perpetuate its system. 
 Webb, and afterwards Cross, were not content to inculcate the systems 
 they had adopted by merely oral instruction. They knew that for a 
 successful propagation and continuation of the esoteric ritual which 
 they taught, there must be a tangible foundation on which it might 
 rest, and which would be so closely connected with it that the one 
 
f.OS HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 could not be removed while the other should last. This foundation 
 they made to consist of the Monitors or Text Books which each of 
 them compiled. The Monitor, therefore, of Webb, serves as an index 
 to the whole of his system. It gives just so much of the exoteric 
 teaching, and interweaves it so closely with the esoteric instruction, that 
 one who has once acquired the ritual of Webb can always preserve its 
 essentials, because he will always be reminded of them by the arrange- 
 ment of, and the allusions in, the text book. The members of the 
 Baltimore Convention were not ignorant of the necessity of a text 
 book which might in future be referred to as the exponent of the 
 system which had been adopted, and accordingly, Bros. John Dove, of 
 Virginia, C. W. Moore, of Massachusetts, and S. W. B. Carnegy, of 
 Missouri, were appointed a committee to prepare and publish, in the 
 name of the Convention, " a Trestle Board or Hieroglyphic Monitor, 
 which," said Bro. Dove, "should reflect the true woik." After a time 
 the well-known "Trestle Board" of Bro. Moore appeared, but Dr. 
 Dove, the chairman of the committee, at once declared in the most 
 solemn manner that this book contained "scarcely one feature to be 
 recognized as having the most remote resemblance to the work of the 
 Convention as agreed upon."* The correctness of this charge has, I 
 think, never been satisfactorily disproved, and by almost general con- 
 sent, Moore's "Trestle Board," however it may be valued for its own 
 merits as a monitorial instructor, is not considered as an exponent of 
 the Baltimore work. 
 
 With acknowledged innovations, with forced compromises, and 
 without a text book, the attempt of the Baltimore Convention to pro- 
 duce a uniform system of work in the United States has proved a 
 signal failure. Only seventeen years have elapsed since its adoption, 
 and yet it is doubtful whether there are two men now living in the 
 United States who could agree as to what that work was. It has 
 already gone into the region of Masonic myths. 
 
 In South Carolina it has been seen that when the work was submitted 
 to the Grand Lodge by its delegate to Baltimore, it was referred to a 
 special committee for further examination. That committee consisted 
 of Alex. McDonald, St. John Phillips, J. H. Honour, R. W. Cogdell, 
 W. S. King, W. W. Kunhardt and A. G-. Mackey. The committee, 
 or at least a majority of it, was very patient and thorough in its inves- 
 tigations. Bro. McDonald, the chairman, was very well acquainted 
 
 * Dove's report to the Grand Lodge of Virginia, 11th December, 1843. 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. SOd 
 
 with the system taught by John Barker, a system derived indirectly 
 from that of Webb, and differing in no essential particular from the 
 "Webb work," and which having been taught by Barker in the juris- 
 diction, in 1825, and for some years afterwards, had always since been 
 recognized as the work of South Carolina. The comparison of the Bal- 
 timore work, as reported by Bro. Case, proved it to be, in many es- 
 sential points, so different from that of Barker, and therefore of Webb, 
 and the innovations, which it was candidly acknowledged had been ad- 
 mitted, were of so objectionable a character, that the committee, after 
 mature deliberation, determined to report against it. But a feeling of 
 delicacy towards Bro. Case, who had labored diligently to bring this 
 work home, and who, having taken a somewhat prominent position in 
 the Convention, was unwilling to see a condemnatory report made in 
 offensive terms, led the committee to soften and modify their report, 
 so as that, while rejecting the work, they might save the feelings of 
 those who were disposed to favor it. The committee, therefore, after 
 stating that they could uot come to any satisfactory conclusion, begged 
 on the 14th of October, 1843, to be discharged, which being done, a 
 resolution was proposed by Bro. McDonald to the effect "that the work 
 adopted by the Masonic Convention at Baltimore is so similar to that 
 which has been used by this Grand Lodge, for years past, that it is un- 
 necessary to adopt it.* To this resolution was appended another, "that 
 a committee be appointed to revise the work, in which the Lodges were 
 instructed by the Grand Lecturer, Bro. Barker, aud that they recom- 
 mend such persons as may be competent to instruct the Lodges, from 
 among whom the Grand Lodge may make a selection." 
 
 Both resolutions were adopted. The Baltimore work was thus vir- 
 tually rejected, and the Grand Lodge determined to go back to its old 
 work, as taught by Barker, and, from that day to this, the "Baltimore 
 work" has never been heard of in this jurisdiction. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 5th of September, 1843. It was 
 determined to celebrate the approaching Festival of St. John the Evan- 
 gelist by a public address, aud, of course, a procession, and Dr. John B. 
 Irvine; was elected the Orator for the occasion. 
 
 * The resolution was intended, in a spirit of very liberal interpretation, to mean 
 that tin" similarity existed only in those parts in which the innovations of the Con- 
 vention had not been intruded. Rigidly construed, the resolution did not express 
 the real sentiments of the committee. But the reason has been explained. 
 
310 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Special Communication on the 9th of September, 1843, when Bro. 
 Case exemplified the second and third degrees according to the work of 
 the Baltimore Convention. This subject has already been fully treated. 
 
 Special Communication on the 14th of October, 1843. It was at 
 this meeting that the quietus was given to the "Baltimore work," as 
 has already been described. 
 
 Special Communication on the 18th of November, 1843. No busi- 
 ness of permanent interest was transacted. An invitation was received 
 from St. John's Mark Lodge No. 1, in the city, to be present at the de- 
 livery of a discourse on the death of the late Bro. J. L. Wood, to be 
 delivered by Bro. A. G. Mackey, the R. W Master of that Lodge. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 5th of December, 1843. The 
 special committee to whom the subject had been referred, reported that 
 they had agreed on a system of work, and recommended Bro. Albert 
 Case as a fit person fur the office of Grand Lecturer. But the Grand 
 Lodge took no action on either the report or the recommendation. The 
 work adopted by the committee was essentially the same as that taught 
 by Barker, and ever since has been the system recognized by the Grand 
 Lodge. The Grand Lodge did not go into an election of Grand Lec- 
 turer, because Bro. Case did not desire the appointment, and no other 
 person was, at that time, both qualified for and willing to take it. 
 
 The Grand Lodge entered into the annual election of Grand Officers, 
 and Bro. George B. Eckhard was elected Grand Master. 
 
 La Candeur Lodge No. 36, a Lodge working in the city under the 
 jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge, but in the French or Modern Rite, 
 and in the French language, had, a short time previously, elected a 
 candidate who was the son of one its members, but only eighteen years 
 of age, on the ground that he was a Lewis or Louveton, that is, the 
 son of a Mason, and, therefore, by the usages of the French Rite, en- 
 titled to initiation when he had arrived at the age of eighteen. On 
 being informed of the circumstances, and before the Lodge had pro- 
 ceeded to initiation, the acting Grand Master issued his precept, pro- 
 hibiting the Lodge from proceeding further in the business until the 
 Grand Lodge could make its decision. At this meeting of the Grand 
 Lodge the subject was brought up by the report of the acting Grand 
 Master, and it was declared that " it is contrary to the usages of 
 Ancient Freemasonry as practiced in this State, and in direct contra- 
 vention of the Rules and Regulations of the Grand Lodge, to initiate 
 any person who has not arrived at the full age of twenty-one years." 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. ;!j 1 
 
 La Candeur Lodge yielded with submission to the expressed will of the 
 Grand Lodge, and no attempt has ever since becu made in the jurisdic- 
 tion to initiate a " Lou ve ton." 
 
 One of the Lodges having applied for the information, was informed 
 ibat, by the usual custom, a candidate is rejected on receiving two 
 black balls. Such was, unfortunately, the fact. At that time, and 
 long after, it was the usage of the Grand Lodge to require two black 
 balls to reject. But as this is iu violation of oue of the ancient regu- 
 lations, and is certainly calculated to impair the harmony of the Lodge, 
 it has, of late years, been discouraged, and the constitution of the 
 Grand Lodge now requires a unanimous vote for admission. 
 
 Special Communication on the 20th of December, 1843. During 
 the late elections in the city Lodges, all of whom were in the habit of 
 electing their officers at the stated Communication preceding the Fes- 
 tival of St. John the Evangelist, a circumstance had occurred which 
 required the interposition of the Grand Lodge. In one of the Lodges 
 a brother who had never served in the office of Warden, iu either that. 
 or any other Lodge, was elected Master. But as the election was not 
 a case of true emergency, since at least one of the Past Masters had 
 been willing to serve if elected, the Grand Lodge determined that the 
 election was " contrary to the requirements of the Ahiman Rezou," 
 and a dispensation was therefore issued authorizing and directing the 
 Lodge to proceed to a new election, which was accordingly done. 
 
 Another subject of local law attracted the attention of the Grand 
 Lodge. By the regulations of the Grand Lodge no one was capable of 
 membership in that body, and, as a consequence, of holding office, unless 
 he had been a Past Master for twelve months. At the quarterly meet- 
 ing on the 5th December, 1843, one who had been a Master of a 
 Lodge since the preceding St. John the Evangelist's day, and who con- 
 sequently would not technically have been in possession of the Past 
 Master's degree for twelve months until the next Festival of St. John, 
 was not only elected a member of the Grand Lodge, but also imme- 
 diately afterwards a Grand Officer. At the present meeting a friendly 
 protest was entered by one of the members against this latter election, 
 in consequence of the ineligibility of the person elected to hold office, 
 until after St. John's day. The irregularity was, however, candidly 
 admitted, and the protest was theu withdrawn, the protestant stating 
 that u hc had no other object in view than to prevent such irregularity 
 in future." The Grand Lodge subsequently healed the irregularity by 
 installing the officer 
 
312 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Sometime in the course of the present month a person of the name 
 of E. S. Wood presented himself to some of the Lodges in the city, 
 having in his possession a certificate signed by a Sovereign Grand In- 
 spector of the 38d degree in the Ancient and Accepted Rite, and 
 stating that the said Inspector had communicated the symbolic degrees 
 to Mr. Wood, in the city of Havana, in Cuba, under the authority 
 •which he possessed as a member of the 33d degree. On his applica- 
 tion to La Candeur Lodge, he was admitted as a visitor, but on subse- 
 quently applying to visit St. Andrew's Lodge No. 10, he was rejected, 
 nor would the committee consent to give him an examination. On this 
 Mr. Wood made a complaint to the Grand Lodge, when it was resolved 
 that the Grand Lodge could not recognize Mr. E. S. Wood as a Mason, 
 he being illegally made, and that he cannot be considered as such until 
 regularly initiated, passed and raised, in a legally constituted Lodge. 
 La Candeur Lodge was also censured for having admitted a visitor 
 without his having presented a Grand Lodge certificate, or undergone 
 a proper examination. 
 
 Special Communication on the 23d of December, 1843. The Grand 
 Lodge modified, in some measure, its objections to the legality cf the 
 initiation of Bro. Wood, by declaring, that should any Subordinate 
 Lodge confer the degrees gratuitously upon him, that in that case, the 
 Grand Lodge will remit its fees due for such initiation. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated. The 
 Craft assembled on the morning of the 27th. The Grand Master elect 
 was installed by Bro. W. S. King, Past Deputy Grand Master, and 
 then the former installed the remaining officers. A procession was 
 then formed, which moved to the German Lutheran Church, where, 
 after prayer by Bro. J. H. Honour, acting as Grand Chaplain, and 
 the singing of appropriate odes, an address was delivered by Dr. John 
 B. Irving, Senior Grand Warden. 
 
 The procession then returned to the Hall, where, after the usual 
 votes of thanks to the orator, the musicians and others, the Grand 
 Lodge was closed. 
 
 In the evening the celebration of the day was concluded by many of 
 the brethren partaking of a supper, which had been prepared for the 
 occasion. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 313 
 
 CHAPTER XXXYIL 
 
 THE YEAR 1844. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1844 : 
 
 Gr. B. ECKHARD, Grand Master ; 
 
 James C. Norris, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 John B. Irving, M.D., Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 W. S. King, Junior Grand Warden ; 
 
 J. H. Honour, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 Albert G. Mackey, M.D., Grand Secretary ; 
 
 11. S. Cohen, 1 
 
 T . T , T f senior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 J. A. Wagener, ) ' 
 
 J. A. Davids, \ . 
 
 r Junior Grand Deacons; 
 
 James S. Burges, Grand Marshal; 
 T. R. Saltar, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 W. C. Gatewood, } 
 JohnEwan, J Grand stewards; 
 
 Samuel Seyle, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Special Communication on the 29th of January, 1844. This meet- 
 ing was called to receive the full report of the Committee on Work. 
 Bro. Case took the chair as Master, and Bro. McDonald assumed the 
 portion of Senior Warden, and exemplified the work and lectures of 
 the three degrees, when the same was adopted "as the ancient work 
 practiced in this State." That is to say, for the subject should not be 
 misapprehended, the work exemplified by Bros. Case and McDonald 
 was admitted to be not new work to be approved, but the old system 
 which had been taught by Bro. Barker, and, therefore, no change was 
 made in the work to be henceforth practiced in the jurisdiction. Bro. 
 McDonald was a man of much intelligence, of great Masouic expe- 
 rience and of retentive memory, and he had, at one time, been thor- 
 oughly conversant with the Barker work. Undoubtedly he may have 
 committed a few errors, for, in the lapse of time since he had had the 
 opportunity of the personal instructions of Barker, he may have for- 
 
314 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 gotten some slight portions of the ritual, but, on the whole, he was at 
 that time the most competent and reliable instructor in the old work 
 that the Grand Lodge could obtain, and there is no doubt that in all 
 essentials there was no variation between the work presented on this 
 evening to the Grand Lodge and that which always heretofore had been 
 practiced in the jurisdiction. 
 
 A motion was then made that the Grand Lodge should proceed to 
 the election of three Grand Lecturers, the consideration of which was 
 postponed to the Quarterly Communication in March, and Bro. Case 
 was requested to lecture to the Lodges in the city until a Grand Lec- 
 turer should be appointed. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 5th of March, 1844. Communi- 
 cations were received from Bros. John Dove and C. W. Moore, in re- 
 lation to the "Trestle Board," published by the latter, and which the 
 former asserted was not a true exposition of the work of the Baltimore 
 Convention, a charge which the latter as strenuously denied. As the 
 Grand Lodge had declined to adopt this system, and had gone back to 
 its own work, it was considered that the question was dow of no interest 
 in this jurisdiction, and both the communications were laid upon the 
 table. 
 
 The Baltimore Convention had earnestly recommended "the several 
 Grand Lodges of the Union to unite in sending a delegate from the 
 Masonic Fraternity in the United States to their brethren in Europe, 
 with a view to lay the foundation of such an intercourse hereafter as 
 should promote a universal language and work, and extend the blessiugs 
 of the Order far beyond its present range." This recommendation had 
 been warmly seconded by the Grand Lodge of Mississippi, which had 
 expressed its willingness to appropriate a sum of money to defray its 
 part of the expenses of such a delegate, provided the other Grand 
 Lodges would join in the undertaking.* This proposition was laid 
 before the Grand-Lodge of South Carolina, and referred to the Grand 
 Officers "to report as soon as convenient on the proposed measure." 
 No report was, however, ever made, and the subject was allowed quietly 
 to expire by default. 
 
 A warrant of Constitution was granted to Horry Lodge No. 65, at 
 Conwayboro. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 4th of June, 1844. Warrants of 
 
 * Proceedings Grand Lodge of Mississippi, 1844; page 60. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 315 
 
 constitution were issued for the revival of Winnsboro Lodge No. 11, 
 at Winnsboro, Concordia Lodge No. 50, at Edgefield Court House, and 
 Clinton Lodge No. 60, at Marion Court House. 
 
 A member of one of the Lodges having been expelled by his Lodge, 
 official information of that fact had been communicated to the Grand 
 Secretary, and by him to the Grand Lodge, on the 5th of September, 
 1843, and the information immediately extended to the other Grand 
 Lodges through their Grand Secretaries, of whom one, who was also 
 the editor of a Masonic magazine, had published the notice in his jour- 
 nal. On the 9th of September the expelled Mason had appealed to 
 the Grand Lodge, and on the 5th of December he was reinstated by 
 his Lodge. Subsequently he complained to the Grand Lodge that bis 
 expulsion had been published in a magazine, and demanded redress 
 therefor. The subject having been reported on by a committee, the 
 Grand Lodge determined that the Grand Secretary, in extending the 
 notice of the expulsion to the different Grand Secretaries, "had acted 
 strictly in the performance of a duty required by rule." 
 
 Intelligence having been received from the Grand Lodge of New 
 York, through its Representative, of the death of Morgan Lewis, 
 Grand Master of that jurisdiction, appropriate resolutions of sympathy 
 and condolence were adopted. 
 
 A warrant was granted to Walhalla Lodge No. 66, in the city of 
 Charleston, with permission to work in the German language, provided 
 it kept a copy of its records in English, and worked agreeably to the 
 system which had been recently adopted by the Grand Lodge. 
 
 The Convention held at Washington in March, 1842, had suggested, 
 as an additional safeguard against the abuse of Masonic principles, 
 that the Grand Lodges should advise, if they did not deem it necessary 
 to require, their subordinates to demand certificates of the good stand- 
 ing of strange brethren, which certificates were to emanate from the 
 Grand Lodges of the jurisdiction from which such strangers might 
 hail. This suggestion was earnestly recommended to the consideration 
 of the Fraternity, and on being brought before the Grand Lodge of 
 South Carolina, it was declared that the system had already been 
 adopted, and had long existed as a standing regulation of that Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 The Baltimore Convention had adopted a series of rules for the 
 organization and establishment of a triennial Grand Convention of 
 Freemasons, which was to consist of one Representative from each of 
 the Grand Lodges of the United States, and which was to have the 
 
•316 HISTORY OF FREEMASOXRY 
 
 power of settling a uniform mode of work, and of deciding all ques- 
 tions of difference between two or more Grand Lodges which should be 
 submitted to its arbitration by the parties interested. The subject was 
 brought before the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, but the proposi- 
 tions were rejected. 
 
 The Grand Lodge refused to concur in the resolution of the Balti- 
 more Convention which recommended the taxation of unaffiliated 
 Masons. 
 
 The Baltimoi'e Convention had declared that in its opinion a Subor- 
 dinate Lodge had not the right to try its Master, but that he is 
 amenable to the Grand Lodge alone. A motion was made in the 
 Grand Lodge that this opinion met with the concurrence of the Grand 
 Lodge of South Carolina. One would suppose that, on this almost 
 elementary principle of Masonic law, there could be no difference of 
 opinion. It was, however, proposed by an over cautious member that 
 it should be made the special order for the September Communication. 
 At that Communication the special order was not taken up, and the 
 Grand Lodge gave no opinion on the subject. It has, however, ever 
 since practically expressed its concurrence in the doctrine, and it would 
 be considered as a great violation of Masonic jurisprudence in South 
 Carolina were any Lodge to attempt to exercise jurisdiction over its 
 Master. 
 
 The proposition that had been offered at a previous Communication 
 that the Grand Lodge should proceed to elect three Grand Lecturers, 
 was taken up and modified so that the Grand Master was requested to 
 appoint a committee of three to act as Grand Lecturers until the 
 annual election in December, whereupon the Grand Master appointed 
 the following committee of Grand Lecturers : Albert G. Mackey, 
 Alexander McDonald and John B. Irving. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 3d of September, 1844. The 
 Grand Master brought to the attention of the Grand Lodge the fact 
 that one of the by-laws of Walhalla Lodge No. 66 was in these words 
 in reference to the petition of a candidate for initiation: "A com- 
 mittee of three shall be appointed, who shall report on his letter at the 
 next regular meeting, or sooner if required." It was determined that 
 the by-law should be altered so as to read " who shall report on his 
 letter at the next regular meeting, or sooner if a transient person ." 
 It is evident that this was a case of inadvertence. The ancient regu- 
 lations as well as the regulations of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina 
 had provided that the month's enquiry into character could only be 
 
IN £OUTII CAROLINA. ;;17 
 
 omitted upon the dispensation of the Grand Master, but here it was 
 left to the discretion of the Lodge. Since then the Grand Lodge has 
 been more rigid in its observance of the law, and in manv instances 
 has stricken out of the by-laws of its subordinates the very words which 
 on this occasion it permitted and even required. 
 
 A warrant was granted to Spartan Lodge No. 70, at Spartanburg 
 Court House. 
 
 The Grand Lodge refused to grant relief to the widow of an un- 
 affiliated Mason. 
 
 Arrangements were made for the celebration of St. John's day, and 
 a committee appointed to select an Orator. 
 
 Special Communication on the 26th of November, 1844, to consider 
 a question of Masonic jurisprudence. A candidate had been rejected 
 in St. Andrew's Lodge No. 10, by two votes, and at a subsequent Com- 
 munication his petition had been reconsidered, and he had been elected. 
 One of the members who had deposited a black ball, protested to the 
 Grand Lodge against this action of the Lodge. On the motion of the 
 Grand Secretary this protest was dismissed. There is no doubt, and I 
 now candidly admit it, that the Grand Secretary was entirely wrong in 
 making such a motion, for the Lodge was clearly in error. So strongly 
 was the Grand Master of this opinion, that he solemnly protested 
 against this decision, " inasmuch as the procedings of Lodge No. 10 
 were a violation of the Ancient Landmarks." Subsequently one of 
 the members who had deposited a black ball withdrew it, and the can- 
 didate was initiated. There is no doubt that the whole proceeding was 
 wrong, and that Bro. Eckhard was right in declaring it a violatiou of 
 Masonic law. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 3d of December, 1844. At this 
 Communication an amendment to the Constitution was adopted, divid- 
 ing the State into five Districts, and placing over each a District Deputy 
 Grand Master, who was to be either a member of the Grand Lodge, or 
 a representative of one of the Lodges, and whose duty it was to visit 
 the Lodges in his district, and to decide all appeals until the decision 
 of the Grand Lodge could be obtained. This was a favorite project of 
 the Grand Master, and, in deference to his opinion, the amendment 
 was adopted, but the District Deputies were never appointed, and the 
 amended law fortunately never went into operatiou. At a subsequent 
 general revision of the Constitution, it was omitted. As a matter of 
 curiosity we may record the manner in which the State was divided. 
 
31S HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 The Northern District comprised Pickens, Anderson, Greenville, 
 Spartanburg, Union, York, Chester, Laurens and Abbeville. 
 
 The Eastern comprised Marlboro', Lancaster, Chesterfield, Darling- 
 ton, Sumter, Marion, Williamsburg, Horry and Georgetown. % 
 
 The Western comprised Edgefield, Barnwell and Orangeburg. 
 
 The Southern, Beaufort and Colleton. 
 
 The Central, Bichland, Kershaw, Newberry, Lexington and Fair- 
 field. 
 
 Charleston was without a District Deputy, because the Grand Master 
 would there preside in person. It was at that time a fixed idea in the 
 Grand Lodge, that the Grand Master must always be a resident of the 
 city. 
 
 A motion for the election of a Grand Lecturer, made by Dr. Irving, 
 was referred to the Grand Officers to enquire into its expediency. 
 
 The annual election took place, and Bro. John B. Irving, M.D., was 
 elected Grand Master. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated. The 
 brethren proceeded, in the evening, from the Lodge room to the Hall 
 below, where, in the presence of a large concourse of spectators, the 
 officers were installed. Bro. Eckhard, Past Grand Master, installed 
 Bro. John B. Irving, the Grand Master elect, who then installed the re- 
 maining officers, after which an address was delivered by Bro. John 
 E. Carew, a member of Solomon's Lodge No. 1. 
 
 The Grand Lodge then returned to the Lodge room, where the usual 
 votes of thanks were passed. 
 
 Notice was given that the Grand Officers would meet the Masters 
 and Wardens of the Subordinate Lodges in the Lodge room, on every 
 Sunday afternoon, for the purpose of instructing them in the work. 
 
 .The Grand Lodge was then closed, and the celebration of the day 
 was concluded by a banquet. 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 319 
 
 r CHAPTER XXXYTTT. 
 
 THE TEAE 1845. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1845 : 
 
 John B. Irving, M.D., Grand Master; 
 
 James C. Norris, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 F. C. Barber, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 A. E. Miller, Junior Grand Warden ; 
 
 J. H. HONOUR, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 A. G. MACKEY, M.D., Grand Secretary; 
 
 II. S. Cohen, } e . n , n 
 
 ' \ pernor Grand Deacons ; 
 
 S. J. Hall, j 
 
 Z. B. Oakes, ) t • r> j n 
 
 ' \ Junior Grand JJcacons ; 
 
 S. Frankford, ) 
 
 N. Levin, Grand Marshal ; 
 
 T. R. SALTAR, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 W.W.KUNHARDT, | Gmnd Stewardg . 
 
 Samuel Seyms, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Special Communication on the 19th of February, 1845. The Grand 
 Lodge was called thus early together for the purpose of paying the last 
 tribute of respect to the memory of Bro. George B. Eckhard, who died 
 on the 17th instant. A funeral procession was then formed, which re- 
 paired to the residence of the deceased, and thence (having united 
 with the other Societies) proceeded with the body to the German 
 Lutheran Church, where, after divine service by the Rev. Dr. Bach- 
 man, the Brethren assembled around the grave, and paid the last honors 
 of Masonry to their departed Brother. 
 
 The Grand Lodge then returned to the Hall, where suitable resolu- 
 tions of regret were adopted. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 4th of March, 1845. The neces- 
 sity of devising some means of communicating the system of work to 
 the Subordinate Lodges, had been, for a long time, attracting the attention 
 of the Grand Lodge. The various methods experimentally adopted, of 
 appointing a committee of Grand Lecturers, and afterwards of estab- 
 
320 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 lishing District Deputy Grand Masters, had all signally failed. The 
 subject had, at length, been viewed in its proper light, and the gen- 
 eral impression now prevailed that the only mode whk-h promised any 
 success, was to have recourse to the old usage, and to give the appoint- 
 ment of Grand Lecturer to a competent brother, who would be both 
 willing and able to perform the important duty. But that nothing 
 might be done in a hurry, at a previous Communication the whole mat- 
 ter had been referred to the Grand Officers. At this Communication 
 they made their report, which, after some modifications in respect to 
 the pecu iary compensation, was adopted as follows : 
 
 "The Grand Officers, to whom were referred the resolutions on the 
 subject of the appointment of a Grand Lecturer, beg leave respectfully 
 to report ': 
 
 "That they have given to the subject the attentive consideration its 
 importance demands, and in so doing have become convinced that the 
 revival and prosperity of the Order in this State seem to require the 
 appointment of such an officer. 
 
 "They also think, that in view of the collections that may be made 
 by the said officer from defaulting Lodges, now dormant, whose returns 
 may be adding to the annual income of the Grand Lodge, that body is 
 fully warranted in offering to the said officer a moderate compensation 
 for his services. They, therefore, recommend the adoption of the fol- 
 lowing resolutions : 
 
 "Resolved, That the Grand Lodge will proceed to the election of a 
 Grand Lecturer, whose duties shall be as follows : 
 
 " He shall visit all the Lodges in this State at least once in every 
 year, and as much oftener as may be found practicable. He shall in- 
 struct them in all such matters as may be conducive to the harmony, 
 unity, and good government of the Masonic family. At every such 
 visit he shall lecture in one or more of the three degrees of Ancient 
 Freemasonry, and give such explanations of our rites, ceremonies and 
 customs, as shall demonstrate the excellence and usefulness of the Ma- 
 sonic institution. He shall explaiu the constitutions of the Order, and 
 the rules and regulations of the Grand Lodge, so as to promote a uni- 
 formity of principle and operation in the several Lodges in this State. 
 
 " He shall also collect such sums of money as may now be due to 
 the Grand Lodge from the different Lodges in the l^tate, and pay the 
 same over to the Grand Treasurer. He shall also use all proper exer- 
 tions to revive those Lodges that have been dormant, and to extend the 
 prosperity and usefulness of the Order throughout the State. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 321 
 
 "Tie shall receive annually from the Grand Lodge, as a compensa- 
 tion for these services, at the rate of $300 per annum, u :i t i I next St. 
 John the Evangelist's day, and such other sums as the Subordinate 
 Lodges may see fit to contribute." 
 
 This report was adopted, and it was also resolved that before entering 
 on his duties the Grand Lecturer elect, should enter, pass and raise a 
 candidate in open Grand Lodge, aceording to the work that had been 
 recently adopted, and from which work he was in no manner whatever 
 to deviate in his instructions to the Lodges. 
 
 The Grand Lodge then proceeded to the election of the Grand Lec- 
 turer, when Bro. Albert G. Mackey was elected. 
 
 At a Special Communication on the 29th of March, Bro, Mackey 
 exemplified the work in the first degree, when on motion of Bro. Yeadon 
 he was approved and accepted as Grand Lecturer, and his salary wis 
 ordered to commence from that night. 
 
 At a Special Communication on the 5th of April, 1845, the Grand 
 Lecturer exemplified the work in the second and third degrees, when 
 it was resolved " that the Grand Lecturer be made known throughout 
 the State, and United States, by a legal certificate signed by the Grand 
 Master, and Senior and Junior Grand Wardens; and that he proceed 
 forthwith to the Subordinate Lodges, uuder this Grand Lodge, to lec- 
 ture and instruct the same." 
 
 Thus, after about seventeen years of various attempts made to devise 
 a system of instruction for the Subordinate Lodges, the Fraternity found 
 themselves compelled to go back to that old and only good one, the ap- 
 pointment of a Grand Lecturer. 
 
 As this may be considered a6 an era in the history of the jurisdiction, 
 for the want of instruction had certainly crippled the zeal and impaired 
 the popularity and influence of the Order in the State, just as the diffu- 
 sion of true Masonic ideas soon excited a just enthusiasm, and elevated 
 the character of the Institution, it will be well to see what was the 
 condition of Masonry in the jurisdiction at the time that the Grand 
 Lecturer began his labors. 
 
 There were, at this time, in the city the following Lodges, all actively 
 at work : Solomon's No. 1, Union Kilwinning No. 4, Washington No. 
 5, Friendship No. 9, St. Andrew's No. 10, Orange No. 14, Pythago- 
 rean No. 21, LaCandeur No. 36, and Walhalla No 06. In the coun- 
 try the following were in operation : Harmony Lodge No. 12, at 
 Branch ville J Harmony No. 17, at Barnwell Court House; Harmony 
 No. 20, at Edisto Island ; Kershaw No. 29, at Camden ; Richlaud No. 
 21 
 
322 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 39, at Columbia; "Winyah No. 40, at Georgetown ; Concordia No. 50, 
 at Edgefield Court House; Clinton No. 00, at Marion Court [louse; 
 Harmony No. 61, at George's Station; Charity No. 62, at St. Matthew's 
 Parish ; Horry Lodge No. 65, at Conwayboro, and Harmony No. 67, at 
 Hamburg. Clinton No. o, at Abbeville, was in existence, but scarcely 
 more than alive, although it has since become the mother of many 
 Lodges in the upper country. The Lodges at Bennettsville and Wal- 
 terboro were actually defunct. So that there were nine Lodges in the 
 city, and twelve only in all the rest of the State. But of these twelve, 
 several were in an exhausted and almost dying condition, though all 
 of them subsequently recuperated and became prosperous. 
 
 Harmony Lodge No. 17 having, by means of the subscriptions of a, 
 joint stock company, succeeded in erecting a handsome and commo- 
 dious Hall in the village of Barnwell, invited the Gr^nd Lodge to be 
 present and assist in the dedication. This invitation was accepted, and 
 Special Communication* were holden on the 10th and 15th of May, 
 for the purpose of making the necessary arrangements. 
 
 On the 19th of May, 1845, the Grand Master, accompanied by a 
 large number of the officers and members of the Grand Lodge, pro- 
 ceeded in the rail cars to Blackville, and thence by carriages to Barn- 
 well, where on the 20th an occasional Grand Lodge w:is opened, and 
 a procession formed, which, in company with Ledge No. 17, repaired 
 to the flail, where, af er a discourse by Bro. A. P. Aldiich, Past Mas- 
 ter of Lodge No. 17, the Nail was solemnly dedicated. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 3d of June, 1845. Notices were 
 received from Lodges No. 5 and 21 that memlers had been in the for- 
 mer Lodge expelled from the Lodge, and in the other, suspended from 
 the Lodge, tor non-payment of arrears. These letters were laid on the 
 table, in consequence of the equivocal character of the notices, which 
 did not specify whether the defaulters had been suspended or expelled 
 from membership or from Masonry. A resolution was then propused, 
 and, after being postponed until the next Communication, was at that 
 time adopted, declaring " that the penalty of expulsion, for non-pay- 
 ment of arrears, is abrogated by this Grand Lodge, and that the only 
 punishment hereafter to be inflicted for such defalcation shall be a dis- 
 charge from membership of the Lodge." . 
 
 A communication was received from the Grand Lodge of Texas, pro- 
 posing the appointment of Representatives between the two Grand 
 Lodges. The proposition was accepted, and E. II. Tarrant was ap- 
 pointed as the liepreseutative of this Grand Lodge, near the Grand 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 323 
 
 Lodge of Texas, and John S. Cogdell was suggested as a proper person 
 to represent the Grand Lodge of Texas. But the subject was not 
 prosecuted by either party, and neither of the Representatives was ever 
 subsequently recugnized. 
 
 A communication was road from the Grand Lodge of Maryland in 
 relation to the constitution of a General Grand Lodge of the United 
 States, when it was resolved, that "in the opinion of this Grand 
 Lodge, it is inexpedient to form a General Grand Lodge of the United 
 States, as they believe the present Representative System aid the 
 triennial Meeting of the Grand Lecturers are sufficient for all purposes 
 for which the formation of a General Grand Lodge is intended." 
 
 This was rather an unmeaning excuse, when it is recollected that the 
 Grand Lodge had also repudiated the system of these triennial meet- 
 ings of Grand Lecturers. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 2d September, 1845. The Hall 
 Committee reported that by adhering to its present policy, the Grand 
 Lodge would be able from the income of the building to pay off both the 
 interest and principal of the mortgages upon the Hall. 
 
 It wis at this Communication that the regulation already alluded to, 
 which abrogated the penalty of expulsion for non-payment of dues, was 
 adopted. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 2d of December, 1815. The debt 
 of the Grand Lodge was now in a fair way to be reduced to a little over 
 fifteen thousand dollars. 
 
 A communication was received from the Supreme Council of the 
 33d degree of the Ancient and Accepted Rite for the Southern juris- 
 diction of the United States, announcing the active existence of that 
 body, and giving a list of its officers. 
 
 On an examination of the by laws of Walhalla Lodge No. 6 J, the 
 Grand Lodge decided that the appointment of new officers, not men- 
 tioned in the Ahiman Rexon, is unknown to the usages of the Craft in 
 the State, as also the holding of Lodges of discipline, to which none 
 Lut members c< uld be admitted, Both these provisions in the by-laws 
 of the Lodge were objected to. 
 
 Since 1830 no abstract of the proceedings of the Grand Lodge had 
 been published. It was now determined that this publication should 
 be resumed, and accordingly the transactions for the year 1^45 were 
 subsequently printed. 
 
 Arrangements were made for the celebration of the Festival of St. 
 John the Evangelist. 
 
321: HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 For the first time since the organization of the Grand Lodge, a crit- 
 ical and analytical report of the foreign correspondence was presented 
 by the Grand Secretary. This usage has ever since continued, the 
 Grand Secretary acting as a Committee of Foreign Correspondence, in 
 view of the duties he is called upon to discharge as the representative 
 of the Corresponding Grand Secretary, recognized by the former regu- 
 lations, and which office was, iu 1844, merged in that of the Recording 
 Secretary. 
 
 The annual election of officers took place, and James C. Norris was 
 elected Grand Master. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated. In 
 the evening the Grand Lodge was opened on the first degree, a usage 
 that had always been observed in this jurisdiction. The Grand Master 
 elect was installed by Bro. J. J. Alexander, Past Grand Master, and 
 the former then installed the other officers. There was neither pro- 
 cession nor address, but the Grand Lodge being closed, the brethren 
 partook of a banquet. 
 
 Masonry was at this time, not only in this jurisdiction but through- 
 out the Union, in a progressive condition that was highly flattering to 
 its friends. Among the evidences of the elevation of the character of 
 the Institution, were the zeal and ability with which abstract questions 
 of Masonic jurisprudence and topics of general policy were beginning 
 to be considered by the various Grand Lodges. During the past year 
 the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Maryland had animadverted, 
 in censurable terms, upon the " practice pursued among many Lodges, 
 in different parts of the country," of admitting temporary residents to 
 the Order, and that, tuo, without inquiry into the character of the ap- 
 plicants, further than it may happen to be known at the places of such 
 " temporary residence." On this subject the Grand Lodge of Ala- 
 bama directed, on occasion of all such applications, that the Secretary 
 of the Lodge to which the candidate has applied, should write for in- 
 formation to the Grand Secretary of the State from which he comes — 
 an excellent regulation, and one which it would, perhaps, be wise in 
 every Grand Lodge to adopt. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Ohio went still further, and decided that per- 
 sons residing under that jurisdiction, who wilfully and knowingly ob- 
 tained the degrees of Masonry in a foreign jurisdiction, should not be 
 regarded as Masons. 
 
 The subject of a General Grand Lodge during the year 1845 occu- 
 pied the attention of the Masonic Fraternity. Some Grand Lodges 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 325 
 
 were favorable to a such a measure, while others opposed it. The 
 Grand Lodge of South Carolina expressed au opinion adverse to the 
 establishment of such an institution. 
 
 The representative system, which had been adopted by this Grand 
 Lodge, was condemned by at least two of the most intelligent Grand 
 Lodges of the Union — those of Virginia and Maryland. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Alabama adopted a resolution, " that being 
 maimed, as by the loss of a leg or au arm, does not disqualify a man 
 from receiving the degrees in Masonry." This was an important inno- 
 vation upon the Landmarks of the Order, and generally met with the 
 unqualified disapprobation of the most intelligent Masons of America. 
 
 At the conclusion of the year IS 45, the prospects of the Institution 
 in South Carolina were highly auspicious, and full of the most consol- 
 ing hope. The Lodges throughout the State, with but few exceptions, 
 were reviving from a sleep which for some years had paralyzed their 
 energies. The hours of labor were now well occupied in improving, 
 beautifying and strengthening the Institution. There can indeed be no 
 doubt, that the number of initiations within the twelve mouths of 
 1S-A5, greatly exceeded those occurring iu a similar period for many 
 previous years. 
 
326 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER XXXIX. 
 
 THE YEAR 1846. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1846; 
 
 J. C. Norris, Grand Master ; 
 
 F. C. Barber, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 A. E. MlLLER, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 J. E. Ol)ENA, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 J. II. Honour, Grand 'Treasurer ; 
 
 A. G. Mackey, M D., Grand Secretary ; 
 
 Z. B. Oakes, \ . 
 
 o T u f Senior brand Deacons ; 
 
 o. J 11 ULL, J 
 
 ' [Junior Grand Deacons; 
 
 J. Colling wood, ) 
 
 N Levin; Grand Marshal; 
 
 T. 11. Saltar, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 A.Lipman, ) 
 
 T Swift J " rfln " Stewards; 
 
 S. Seyle, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Special Communication on the 19th of January, 1846. Several 
 brethren being desirous of increasing the funds of the Grand Lodge, 
 proposed for that purpose to give a Masonic ball on the 22d of Febru- 
 ary, under the patronage of the Grand Lodge. The proposition was ac- 
 cepted, and it was determined at this meeting that the ball to be given 
 should be called " A Grand Masonic Ball, under the patronage of the 
 Grand Lodge of South Carolina," and that the Grand Master should 
 appoint the Senior and Junior Managers. 
 
 The ball was given at Hibernian Hall, and every exertion was made 
 to give it eclat. But the pecuniary results were unfavorable. The 
 Grand Lodge received <is its profits only the sum of 831, and from that 
 time it has never again entered into such speculations. This was the 
 last ball given by the Grand Lodge. 
 
 A complaint having been made by J. Hopkins against Winnsboro' 
 Lodge No. 11, that it had refused to grant him a demit, and a letter 
 having also been received from the Lodge, iu which it is stated that oo 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. S27 
 
 the application of Bio. Tlopkina, his case hail been re r errcd to a com- 
 mittee, wliieli ''ad reported that it was inexpedient to grant, a demit, at 
 the same time that the committee declined to prefer charges against 
 him, the Grand Lodge pissed an order that Lodge No. 11 should either 
 grant him a demit or prefer charges against him in the usual and regu- 
 lar manner. Subsequently, Bro. Hopkins petitioned Solomon's Lodge 
 No. 1 for affiliation, and Lodge No. 1 L having not yet in the follow- 
 ing March complied with the requisition of the Grand Lodge, it was 
 further resolved that if Lodge No. 11 did not prefer charges against 
 Hopkins within three months, Solomon's Lodge should be permitted to 
 act on his petition without the presentation of a demit from No. 11. 
 
 Lodge No. 30, at Frazerville, was permitted to remove from that 
 place to Abbeville Court House, where the Lodge has ever since re- 
 mained. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 3d of March, 1816. An impor- 
 tant action was taken on the subject of the right of visitation. Bro. 
 L. W. Sass had preferred a complaint against the Master of Lodge No. 
 21 lor refusing him admission to the Lodge of which he was a member. 
 The circumstances of the case are so well narrated by the committee 
 to whom the Grand Lodge had referred the complaiut, that I do not 
 hesitate to use their own words: 
 
 " One of the by-laws of Lodge No. 21 declares that any member 
 over twelve months in arrears shall be su-pended, unless, under certain 
 specified circumstances, the Lodge shall determine otherwise When 
 the preseut Master was installed into office, he ascertained that several 
 members were in arrears, some for more than six years, and others for 
 a shorter peiiod. Among these wa* Brother Sass, who owed for two 
 years. The Master, desirous of discharging his duty iu accordance 
 with his obligation, brought this subject before the Lodge in January 
 last, when the names of the delinrpucnt members were read. Thi- was 
 continued to be done until the liegular Communication iu May, when 
 several members were suspended, the complainant being one. The Sec- 
 retary was directed to inform the suspended members, that if payment 
 was not made within ten days, their names should be reported to the 
 Grand Lodge. Brother Sass did not avail himself of the time allowed, 
 and was accordingly reported. In June he attended at the Lodge 
 room, and paid his due* to the Secretary before the opening of the 
 Lodge, and remained after it was opened. A candidate was to be 
 balloted for, and the Secretary called the names of the members, as is 
 usual, omittiug Brother Sass. After the others had voted, Brother 
 
328 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Sass approached the ballot bos, and was about to deposit his ballot, 
 but was informed that he had no right to vote, being a suspended 
 member. He persisted, however in depositing his ballot, and the Mas- 
 ter ordered a new ballot to be entered into. Brother Sass again per- 
 sisted in his light to vote — addressed the chair in improper Lnguage, 
 and was called to order. He obeyed the call, but shortly after rose 
 again, and commenced a strain of remarks which induced the Master 
 again to call him to order. The Master claimed the support of the 
 Lodge, and a resolution was unanimously passed, declaring that Bro. 
 Sass should not again be permitted to enter the Lodge until his caso 
 should be properly investigated ; he claiming to be a member, and the 
 Master declaring that, in accordance with the resolution parsed at the 
 previous Communication, he was suspended from membership. Direc- 
 tions were accordingly given to the Tiler uot to admit Brother Sass at 
 the nest Communication, which direction was obeyed, and for this, the 
 complaint is brought by Brother Sass against the Master. 
 
 " Having reported the facts in the case, the committee have, perhaps, 
 done all that was required of them by their appointment. They will, 
 however, take the liberty of adding, that in their opinion the W. M. 
 of Lodge No. 21 was justifiable in refusing to admit Brother Sass into 
 the Lodge while under suspension. The fact of his having paid his 
 duis did not amount to a reinstatement without a vote of the Lodge to 
 that effect, after he had been regularly reported to the Grand Lodge 
 as s spended. 
 
 " '1 he committee therefore recommend that the complaint be dis- 
 mis r ed." 
 
 The report was adopted and the complaint dismissed. 
 
 About this time several brethren, having become impressed with the 
 advantages which might be derived from the establishment of a " Ma- 
 sonic Mutual Beliet Association," in which the members, by the pay- 
 ment of a certain amount of dues while in health, woi:ld bo entitled 
 to a weekly stipend when sick, or to the expenses of burial if they 
 died, proposod the subject to the consideration of the Grand Officers. 
 They never made a report, but several meetings of many members of 
 the Order were held, which eventually resulted in the organization of 
 the " Masonic Benevolent Society," an institution which still esists in 
 a flourishing condition, and of which several prominent persons in the 
 Order have been and still are members. 
 
 The term of service for which Bro. A. G. Mackey had been elected 
 as Grand Lecturer having expired, he was, on motion, appointed 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 329 
 
 permanently as Grand Lecturer of the State, and duly installed as 
 such. 
 
 Special Communication on the 21st of April, 1846. Herr Alexan- 
 der, a professor of the art of legerdemain, but a man of much intelli- 
 gence, and well respected, as well as a Mason in good standing, who 
 had been successfully exhibiting in Charleston, offered to give the 
 Grand Lodge the benefit of one of his exhibitions. This proposal was 
 accepted, and it was determined that the proceeds of the benefit should 
 be devoted to the decoration of the Lodge room. Accordingly an ex- 
 hibition was given at the Theatre on the night of the 23d of April, 
 1846. The Grand Lodge and a large number of the Fraternity ap- 
 peared in the pit in full Masonic clothing, and the proceeds of the 
 benefit, amounting to $137, with a donation from Mr. Forbes, the 
 Manager of the Theatre, of $50, being the rent for that evening, was 
 paid over into the Grand Treasury. 
 
 At a Special Communication on the 27th of April, 1846, a further 
 sum of S100 was appropriated to the decoration fund, and the Subordi- 
 nate Lodges were requested to make appropriations for the same object. 
 With the money thus obtained the Lodge room was beautifully deco- 
 rated in fresco painting. 
 
 At a Special Communication on the 23d of May, the Masonic Fra- 
 ternity of Charleston presented Herr Alexander with a handsome gold 
 jewel, consisting of a five pointed star with an appropriate inset iption. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 2d of June, 1846. At this (,'ura- 
 munication the Grand Lodge, finding the inconvenience of permitting 
 the Lodge room to be used by other Societies, and the members gener- 
 ally being impressed with the impropriety of allowing a place which 
 had been solemnly dedicated to the uses of Masonry, to be occupied 
 for any other purpose, the Grand Lodge resolved "that in future the 
 Lodge room should not be rented or used for any other than Masonic 
 purposes." 
 
 The most important transaction at this meeting, was the appointment 
 of a committee to present a revised code of rules and regulations. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 1st of September, 1846. A war- 
 rant was granted for the revival of Jackson Lodge No. 53, at Lancas- 
 ter. 
 
 "Lodge hours" were technically defined in a note of Dalcho's Ahi- 
 man Hezon to be, "from March 25th to September 25th between the 
 hours of sevcu and ten, and from September 25th to March 25th be- 
 tween the hours of eU and nine." The Grand Lodi^e ordered ove of 
 
330 HISTORY OF FREEMASOXRY 
 
 the Lodges, which had provided a different hour of meeting in its D7- 
 laws, " to conform to the regulations of the Ahiman Tlczon in relation 
 to Lodge hours." There can scarcely be a doubt that in this the Grand 
 Lodge was in error, for Dr. Dalcho himself, in the preface to the work, 
 had expressly stated, "that the body or text of the woik alone is to be 
 considered as the Book of Constitutions, "and the sanction of the 
 Grand Lodge simply "recommended" the notes "as highly interesting 
 and instructive." There is in the Ahiman Rezon proper no regulation 
 as to Lodge hours, and, in fact, the definition of Dr. Dalcho is an in- 
 correct one. "Lodge hours" is a technical term, having no allusiou 
 whatever to any particular parts of the day, but only to the time occu- 
 pied by a Lodge in its labor. The period embraced between the open- 
 ing and the closing of a Lodge constitutes its Loihje hours, whether 
 they be in the morning, in the afternoon, or the night. 
 
 The revised Constitution received its first reading at this Communi- 
 cation. 
 
 Special Communication on the 80th of September, 1846. The Hall 
 Committee reported that they had expended the money appropriated by 
 the Grat'd and Subordinate Lodges in the decoration of the Hall, and 
 received the thanks ot the Grand Lodge therefor. 
 
 Special Communication on the I lth November, 184G. An interest- 
 ing case came up at this Communication for action. A candidate had 
 long previously received the first degree in Lodge No 66. Subse- 
 quently, from information received by some of the members from Ger- 
 many, of which place the Apprentice was a native, there arose a reluc- 
 tance on the part of the Lodge to complete his Masonic career by con- 
 feriing on him the remaining degrees. No ballot was, however, taken, 
 but inconvenience or want of time, were repeatedly given as reasons 
 for not conferring them. After some months, perhaps a year, 
 Lodge No. 66 consented that Lodge No. 10, in the san.e city, should 
 confer the second and third degrees on the candidate, provided it was 
 willing to do so. But the Grand Lodge having received information of 
 this act, the Grand Secretary was instructed to notify Lodge No. 10, 
 that it is contrary to the rules and regulations of the Grand Lodge for 
 said Lodge No. 10 to confer any degrees on Brother J. P. M E., 
 and that they be forbidden to do so; and that the Grand Secretary be 
 also instructed to direct Lodge No. 66 to take immediate action on 
 Brother E.'s case, or he will be considered a rejected candidate for the 
 second and third degrees. 
 
 A brother, who had occupied a prominent position in the Order and 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 331 
 
 in the Grand Lodge, having left the State, under circumstances which 
 have never been explained, a motion was made that he "be expelled 
 from the rights and privileges of Masonry for unmasonic and immoral 
 conduct." This motion was referred to a committee, who, at a subse- 
 quent Communication, made the following report, which is retained 
 here as embracing a point of Masonic jurisprudence. The committee 
 reported : 
 
 "That they have taken said resolution into consideration, and on 
 mature reflection have concluded that the expulsion of any Mason from 
 the privileges of the Order should only take place on distinct charges 
 and specifications, fully established by testimony. That your committee, 
 
 not having before them any specified charge against , cannot 
 
 proceed to any examination of the subject, and, therefore, beg leave re- 
 spectfully to be discharged from the further consideration of the reso- 
 lution." 
 
 The report was very properly adopted. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 1st of December, 1846. At the 
 previous Special Communication notice had been received from Wal- 
 halla Lodge No.- 66 of the expulsion of F. Schneider and G. Pirksen. 
 At the same Communication appeals were received from both these 
 brethren, which were referred to a committee who reported at this 
 Communication. After a careful review of the facts, the committee 
 recommended that the sentences of expulsion in both cases should be 
 reversed, on the following grounds: 
 
 " 1st. That the grounds upon which the Lodge r.ctcd were insuffi- 
 cient to war: ant expulsion. 
 
 "2d. That the meeting of the Lodge at which the resolutions for 
 expulsion were adopted was held in an illegal j lace. 
 
 "3d. That the parties were not furnished with copies of the charges, 
 and had not the proper opportunity of defence." 
 
 The report was accepted, and Schneider and Pirksen were both 
 reinstated. As this decision gave rise to very unpleasant results, and 
 to the settlement of an important point of Masonic law, namely, 
 whether a Grand Lodge could restore a Mason, unjustly expelled, to 
 membership in his Lodge, it will be appropriate, perhaps, that the 
 regular order of time be anticipated, and the whole history of the sub- 
 sequent proceedings in this case be at once completed. 
 
 At the Communication of the Grand Lodge on the 2d of March, 
 1817, a letter was received from Lodge No GO informing the Grand 
 Lodjre that the cases of Pirksen and Schneider had been reconsidered 
 
332 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 by the Lodge, and that the former had been suspended for twelve 
 months, and that the former sentence of expulsion against Schneider 
 had been unanimously confirmed. Notice was also given that Brother 
 J. C. Blohme had been suspended for twelve months for "decided hos- 
 tility against the Lodge and fixed determination on his part to injure 
 the Lodge." As this action of the Lodge, in the case of Schneider at 
 least, was in direct opposition to the positive decree of the Grand 
 Lodge, the subject was referred to a committee for examination. 
 
 This committee reported on the 19th of March, 1817, that after an 
 attentive consideration of the matter they saw nothing in the evidence 
 to change the character of the case in relation to Bro. Schneider from 
 what it was when before a previous committee. They therefore recom- 
 mended that the sentence of the Lodge should be reversed, and that 
 the Lodge be ordered to reinstate Schneider to full membership. 
 
 A protest was offered by the Lodge, but its reception being objected 
 to, as out of order, it was withdrawn, and the report and recommenda- 
 tion of the committee were adopted. 
 
 In the case of Blohme, the same committee reported that the offence 
 had not been proved, and recommeuded his reinstatement to member- 
 ship. This recommendation was also adiptsd. 
 
 On the 23d of March, 1847, Walhalla Lodge No. 66 met, and a ma- 
 jority of the members resolved to return the warrant of Constitution, 
 "because the Grand Lodge had acted wrongly, and contrary to all Ma- 
 sonic usage," in reinstating these brethren. 
 
 The warrant was accordingly returned, and was delivered to the Grand 
 Lodge on the 9th of April, accompanied by a protest, which was laid 
 on the table. 
 
 At the same time, a minority of the Lodge, which at the Lodge 
 meeting on the 23d of March had protested against the action of the 
 Lodge in surrendering its warrant, applied to the Grand Lodge for a 
 restoration of the warrant, and for a dispensation to elect and install 
 another set of officers. 
 
 On this subject the Grand Lodge immediately took a very decisive 
 action. It suspended twelve members of the Lodge, including the 
 Master and Wardens, until they should acknowledge their error and 
 submit to the authority of the Grand Lodge. The Grand Lodge granted 
 the dispensation to the remaining members to elect new officers, and or- 
 dered the warrant to be restored to them, as soon as the Grand Lecturer 
 should be satisfied that in their work they were conforming to the ritual 
 of the ancient York rite, as practiced by this Grand Lodge, and that 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. ;^33 
 
 the language of their ceremonies was a correct translation of the same 
 into German. This was done, aud the minority of Walhalla Lodge re- 
 ceived the warrant of constitution. The old officers having, however, 
 refused to surrender the funds and jewels of the Lodge, were, after due 
 warning, in the course of the year, expelled from all the rights and 
 privileges of Masonry. Subsequently the Master, having made sub- 
 mission, was restored to Masonry, but not to membership in the Lodge. 
 
 The revised code of by-laws was read a second time, and having been 
 considered seriatim, was finally adopted, and ordered to be printed. 
 
 The annual election took place, and Charles M. Furman was elected 
 Grand Master. 
 
 Special Communication on the Oth of December, 1846. The reso- 
 lution was adopted which has already been referred to, in which the 
 Grand Lodge refused to exercise discipline, except after specific charges 
 had been preferred. 
 
 The Grand Lodge determined to celebrate the Festival of St. John 
 the Evangelist by a banquet in the evening, but with no procession nor 
 addicss. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated on Monday 
 evening, 28th of December, 1846. 
 
 The Grand Master elect, having been first installed by Bro. J. C. 
 Norris, Past Grand Master, then installed the remaining officers. 
 
 The thanks of the Grand Lodge were returned to Bro. Norris for 
 "the able, impartial and satisfactory manner in which he had discharged 
 the duties of Grand Master," and he was constituted an honorary mem- 
 ber of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 At the close of the year, the Grand Secretary announced the con- 
 tinued progress of the Order in the State. Cheering intelligence of 
 prosperity was received from most of the Lodges with which he was in 
 correspondence. Masonry was now beginning to be recognized and 
 studied as a sublime science — its moral influenco was not less regarded 
 than its pecuniary benefits, and Masters and brethren appeared to bo 
 alike anxious to add to their charity, zeal, and to their zeal, knowledge. 
 Its columns were daily strengthening, its lights were burning with 
 brighter effulgence, aud crowds of anxious aud true hearted brethren 
 were daily assembling around its altar to offer up in harmonious concord 
 their praises to the Grand Geometrician, and to engage in that "noble 
 contention, or rather emulation, of who could best work and best agree." 
 
334 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER XL. 
 
 THE YEAR 1847. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1847*. 
 
 C. M. FuRMAN, Grand Maste ; 
 
 A. E Miller, Deputy Grand Mitsfer ; 
 
 J. S. 1>URGES, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 Z. B. Oakes, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 J. M. HONOUR, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 A. G. MACKET, M.D., Grand Secretary; 
 
 Edmund Bull, ) . 
 
 T , n i Senior Grand Deacons; 
 
 J. A Cleveland, ) ' 
 
 J. COLLINGWOOD, ) . 
 
 ,, T . n c Junior Grand Deacons; 
 
 W. A. Cleveland, ) ' 
 
 W. C. Ferrell, Grand Marshal; 
 
 T. II. Saltar, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 Peter K. Coburn, ) 
 
 TT ci D i Grand Stewards; 
 
 Henry S. Rice, ) ' 
 
 Samuel Seyle, Grand Titer; 
 
 A. G. Mackey, Grand Lecturer. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 2d of March, 1817. The affairs 
 of YYalhalla Lodge again attracted the attention of the Grand Lodge, 
 but as the narrative of the unpleasant controversy with this Lodge has 
 been fully given in the preceding chapter, no other notice will be taken 
 of it, except to say, that at every Communication during this year it 
 constituted an important part of the proceedings. 
 
 A member of Friendship Lodge No. 9, having been expelled from 
 the Lodge in 1846, for disorderly conduct in the Lodge and abusive 
 language to the Master, had appealed to the Grand Lodge, and his 
 appeal had, as usual, been referred to a committee. At this Commu- 
 nication the committee reported that, in their opinion, expulsion from 
 the Fraternity was a punishment which should be reserved for extreme 
 cases, involving the violation of some moral principle, or the casting off 
 of Masonic obligation. That mere disorderly conduct, arising as it 
 frequently does froui temporary excitement, and often fruin misappre- 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 335 
 
 hension. should not ordinarily be subjected to the severest punishment 
 known to the Order. Expulsion not merely deprives a party of all the 
 rights and benefits of the Order, but inflicts a stain upon the character 
 of an individual, and it should be resorted to only in cases where no 
 other adequate punishment can be imposed. 
 
 The committee, therefore, suggested that this ense should be referred 
 back to the Lodge for further action, and the Lodge be recommended 
 to change their decision into a suspension for such time as they may 
 deem requisite; or until the offending member should give satisfaction 
 to the Lodge. The committee were of opinion, that the rule of the 
 Lodge which authorized the expulsion of a member for disorderly 
 conduct, after being called to order, rather refers ti expulsion from 
 membership of the Lodge, than to expulsion from the Masonic Fra- 
 ternity. 
 
 "Your committee would further state, that they are of opinion that 
 Brother Lipman owes it to the Lodge and to the Master, to make a 
 suitable apology and acknowledgment for the conduct which has been 
 the subject of the Lodge censure; and they hope that such apology will 
 be promptly made, and that it will be tendered in the spirit in which it 
 becomes a member of a Masonic body to approach the brethren whom 
 he may have offended; and we further hope, that such an apology so 
 tendered, will be received with a correspondi:.g sp.rit." 
 
 The report of the committee was adopted. 
 
 Brother John S. Oogdell, who had been Grand Master in 1821, 1822 
 and 1823, having died, the Grand Lodge adopted resolutions at tins 
 Communication, expressive of respect for his memory. The Lodge 
 room was ordered to be clothed in mourning for three months, and the 
 resolutions were published in Moore's Frcen asmi's Magazine. 
 
 Special Communication on the 19th of March, 1847. This Com- 
 munication was called entirely in relation to the case of Walhalla 
 Lodge. 
 
 Special Commur.ication on (he 9th of April, 1847, for the further 
 consideration of the matters of Walhalla Lodge. 
 
 A communication was received from the Grand Lodge of New 
 York, announcing the existence of several clandestine Lodges in that 
 jurisdiction, and requesting the Grand Lodge erf South Carolina to 
 refuse to examine any Mason hailing from New York who did not pro- 
 duce a Grand Lodge certificate from that Grand Lodge. 
 
 Quarterly Commaoicatiuo ou the 1st of June, lb47. The Grand 
 
330 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Lodge decided that the Master of a Lodge is in all cases entitled to 
 one vote, and when there is a tie to an additional one. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 7th of September, 1847. A mem- 
 ber of Washington Lodge No. 5, being in arrears to that Lodge for 
 more than one year's dues, had been repeat .dly notified of the fact, 
 and his name, having been read out at three successive meetings as a 
 defaulter, had, under a by-law of the Lodge, been stricken from the 
 roll, and his connection with the Lodge declared to be at an end. Sub- 
 sequently he paid the amount due and demanded reinstatement, but 
 was refused. On this he appealed to the Grand Lodge, which body, 
 on the report of a committee, sustained the action of the Lodge, decid- 
 ing that his subsequent payment of his dues did not ipso facto restore 
 him to membership, as he had thereby merely discharged a just liability, 
 and one which could be collected in a court of justice. It furthermore 
 decided, that after he had paid his arrears to the Lodge, he stood in 
 the light of a demitted Mason, having a perfect right to seek admit- 
 tance as a member in any other Lodge in the world. 
 
 A warrant was granted to Hiram Lodge No. 68, at Anderson Court 
 House. 
 
 Special Communication on the 30th of September, 1817. The ^rand 
 Officers were authorized to purchase the lot south of the Masonic Flail 
 for $3,500, the same being offered at that price, and to make the 
 necessary arrangements for obtaining the purchase money by loans. 
 
 A communication was received from the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, 
 in relation to the establishment of Lodges within her jurisdiction, by 
 the Grand Lodge of Mississippi, which was referred to a special 
 committee. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 7th December, 1847. The com- 
 mittee on the controversy between the Grand Lodges of Louisiana 
 and Mississippi, stated that they were not yet in possession of all the 
 documents necessary to make a satisfactory report, and asked for further 
 time. In view, however, of these dissensions between two Grand 
 Lodges, the committee made the following suggestion on the subject of 
 a Supreme Grand Lodge of the United States, upon which, however, 
 no action was taken at that time by the Grand Lodge : 
 
 " Your committee take this occasion respectfully to express their 
 opinion respecting the formation of a Supreme Grand Lodge of the 
 United States, or some other body of appellate jurisdiction and would, 
 therefore, instance this disagreement between the Grand Lodges of 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 337 
 
 Louisiana and Mississippi, as of sufficient ground to desire the estab- 
 lishment of such a body, which would give greater stability to the in- 
 stitutions of Freemasonry, as much as the establishment of the General 
 Government has given permanency to the independence and happiness 
 of the United States. And as this subject has been discussed and 
 adopted by eight of our sister Grand Lodges, who met at Baltimore in 
 September last, and formed a Constitution, which is to go into operation 
 as soon as sixteen Grand Lodges agree to the same, we think the sub- 
 ject one that ought to be considered by this Grand Lodge — leaving 
 them to determine what action they will take respecting it." 
 
 It was resolved that the Festival of St. John should bo celebrated 
 by an address and a banquet, but that there should be no procession. 
 The committee, however, were unable to' obtain an Orator, and that 
 part of the ceremony was also dispensed with. 
 
 The representatives of eight Grand Lodges had assembled at Balti- 
 more in the month of September last, and formed the Provisional Con- 
 stitution of a Supreme Grand Lodge of tjie United States, to be finally 
 adopted if concurred in by sixteen Grand Lodges. This document and 
 the address of the Convention were, at this Communication, laid before 
 the Grand Lodge and referred to a committee of nine, which commit- 
 tee made an unfavorable report in the month of April, 1848. 
 
 An application was made by the Mayor of the city, in relation to 
 obtaining a part of the lot in Wentworth Street, ou which to erect a 
 Tower for a Fire Bell. This was referred to the Hall Committee for 
 action, which subsecpuently declined to accede to the application. 
 
 The annual election took place, and Charles M. Furmau was reelected 
 Grand Master. 
 
 Special Communication on the 10th of December, 1847. The war 
 with Mexico had just terminated, with brilliant success to the American 
 arms. Gen. James Shields, a Past Master of National Lodge No. 
 1-, in the District of Columbia, was daily expected in the city, on his 
 way to the scat of Government. Gen. Shields had been in command 
 of the brigade of which the South Carolina regiment formed a part, to 
 which regiment was attached a traveling or military Lodge, whose war- 
 rant had been granted by this Grand Lodge. The Fraternity were 
 hence anxious to pay him, in common with their fellow-citizens, some 
 mark of respect. It was, therefore, resolved that the Grand Officers, 
 with the Junior Past Grand Master, be appointed a committee to wait 
 on him an BOOO as he should arrive, to give him a fraternal welcome, 
 and tender to him the hospitalities of the Grand Lodge and of the Pra- 
 
3sgg HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 ternity of the city. It was further resolved that, should he accept the 
 invitation, the Grand Master should convene the Grand Lodge, for the 
 purpose of receiving him in ancient form while in session, and that a 
 banquet should be provided under the direction of a Committee of Ar- 
 rangements, to consist of one brother from each of the city Lodges. 
 
 Gen. J. A. Quitman, a Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of 
 Mississippi, and the Major-General of the division of the army to which 
 the brigade of Gen. Shields was attached, also arriving about the same 
 time in the city, was subsequently included in the invitation. 
 
 On the 22d of December the committee waited on Gens. Quitman, 
 and Shields at their quarters in the Carolina Hotel, and having extended 
 the invitation of the Grand Lodge, it was accepted, and the evening of 
 the 23d of December appointed for the reception and banquet. 
 
 A Special Communication was accordingly held on the 23d of De- 
 cember, 1847. A large concourse of brethren were present, the room 
 being in fact full to overflowing. Bro. C, M. Furman, the Grand 
 Master, stated the object of "the Communication. 
 
 At 8 o'clock, the Grand Pursuivant announced the committee, con- 
 sisting of A. E. Miller, R. W. Deputy Grand Master, and J. C. 
 Norris, M. W. Past Grand Master, with the following visitors : M. 
 W. David Johnson, Past Grand Master of South Carolina, M. W. 
 J. A. Quitman, Past Grand Master of Mississippi, and W. James 
 Shields, Past Master of National Lodge No. 12, District of Co- 
 lumbia. 
 
 On entering the Grand Lodge room they were received with the 
 private Grand Honors of Masonry, and escorted to the East, where the 
 M. W. Grand Master made the following address to Brothers Quit- 
 man and Shields : 
 
 "In the name of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, and of the 
 members of the Masonic Fraternity here present, I welcome you among 
 us. Your Masonic brethren, in common with your fellow-citizens 
 generally, highly appi-eciate the services you have rendered to our 
 common country. They with pleasure embrace an opportunity to give 
 expression to their feelings. Indeed, in recognizing you as brethren, 
 they find an additional motive for rejoicing in your success. The 
 Masonic Institution, it is true, is devoted to the cultivation of those 
 virtues which find their more common exercise amid the occurrences of 
 ordinary life, and may seem hostile to the military profession. But 
 nature has stamped upon the human mind the principle of self-defence, 
 and under the influence of that principle Masons may go forth to battle 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 039 
 
 when the voice of their country summons them to the conflict. In the 
 Bteru strife of battle, when life is pitted against life, the voice of 
 mercy is stilled ; but who can say that the asperities of war are not 
 mitigated under the influence of Masonic principles, or that the obliga- 
 tion taken at every Masonic altar, of charity for all mankind, though 
 mure especially for a brother Mason, has not extended a softening 
 influence over the conduct of modern warfare. As illustrating this 
 influence, well may we point, brethren, to the conduct of the soldiers 
 under your command — no rapine, outrage or conflagration have stained 
 your triumphs. 
 
 fit is not only as Masons that we now greet you; we recognize in 
 you the commanders who led the sous of our soil through a career of 
 victory, which we feel has even elevated the character of our honored 
 State. The light reflected from your bright example has illumined the 
 path over which they rushed to honor and renown. The true soldier 
 will dare, whenever his comtnauder will lead, and at Churubusco and 
 Ohapultepec our sons found leaders, to follow whom was honor. 
 
 "Among this band of citizen soldiers our Institution had many 
 sons, and in common with many natural parents among our citizens, 
 Ave have to lament the loss of brave spirits upon the plains and before 
 the fortresses of Mexico. The gallant Butler, their chief; Dickinson, 
 worthy to be his second, have faHeu in the very arms of victory. The 
 tear, however, which we would shed at their loss, is checked by our 
 exultation at their renown. But I forbear to speak of them to those 
 who witnessed their actions, aud who saw them die. 
 
 " Brethren, we congratulate you upon the success which followed 
 your footsteps during the arduous campaign through which you have 
 just passed. Your actions have added to the reputation of our great- 
 country, and I but echo the sentiment which has been pronounced by 
 our people from Maine to Mexico — that your names are enrolled among 
 those of her most valued sons. Again, I welcome you within these 
 walls." 
 
 The Installation Ode was then sung by Bro. Sloman, the brethren 
 uniting in full chorus. 
 
 The Grand Secretary, Bro. A. G. Mackcy, then rose, and having 
 alluded to the desire of the Grand Lodge to place upon its records 
 some official memorial of the happy concurrence of fortuitous events 
 which had brought together in that sacred asylum two distinguished 
 visitors, both of them gallant defenders of their country, both of them 
 zealous Masons, and one of them the twice honored presiding officer of 
 
340 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 the Grand Lodge of a neighboring State, and both of them intimately 
 connected, as commanders of the South Carolina volunteers, with the 
 brethren who, in that regiment, were working under a traveling war- 
 rant from this Grand Lodge, moved ; 
 
 "That Brothers J. A. Quitman and James Shields be elected 
 honorary members of this Grand Lodge, and that the Grand Secretary be 
 directed to transmit to these distinguished brethren diplomas with the 
 signature of the Grand Master and Grand Seal of the Grand Lodge." 
 
 This resolution was seconded by the R. W. Deputy Grand Master, 
 and unanimously adopted. 
 
 Brother Quitman then rose and expressed his deep sense of the 
 honor just conferred upon him. He stated that since his Masonic 
 infancy he had been always taught to look up with reverence to the 
 Masonic light which burned on the altars in this State. He had 
 always been a working Mason, and since his life of war in Mexico, he 
 had had still more occasion to love the Order and respect its principles. 
 He related several anecdotes, and among others stated that his heart 
 was never more filled with tender emotions than when on his arrival at 
 Vera Cruz, from the city of Mexico, he was invited to be present at a 
 meeting of a Lodge whose warrant of constitution had been granted by 
 the Grand Lodge of Mississippi. After other interesting remarks, he 
 concluded by thanking the Grand Lodge for admitting him, in this 
 complimentary manner, into its household. 
 
 Brother Shields also thanked the Grand Lodge for the honor con- 
 ferred upon him. He stated that although war was antagonistic to all 
 the principles of Freemasonry, and although he, a General in the 
 service of the United States, was, as a Mason, in favor of universal 
 peace, yet there were circumstances in which war, for the defence of 
 one's country, liberty and rights, was strictly in accordance with all the 
 duties and obligations of the Mason. It was, he said, not until he was 
 placed in the battle-field, and saw and partook of the fierce conflict of 
 man with man, that he was able to appreciate the benign principles of 
 that Order, which humanized and civilized the human heart, and 
 softened even the harsh features of war. 
 
 P. G. M. Johnson then briefly addressed the brethren, and said he 
 would take this occasion to state, in connexion with the remarks already 
 made by our distinguished visitors in relation to the happy influence 
 of Masonry during the present war, that the Order was first planted in 
 Mexico, during his administration of the Grand Lodge as Grand 
 Master, in 1826, when Bro. Poinsett, our Minister to Mexico, obtained 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. ;j4i 
 
 from the Grand Lodge of South Carolina warrants of constitution for 
 the establishment of Lodges in that Republic, the whole correspondence 
 on which subject, he said, would be found on the records of the Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 After these interesting ceremonies, the Grand Lodge was called 
 from labor to refreshment, and the brethren proceeded with their guests 
 to the Banqueting Hall, where viands, fruits, pastry, wines and other 
 refreshments were amply provided. 
 
 The next day a special session of the Supreme Council of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Rite was convened, and Gen. Quitman, who 
 many years before had received the thirty-second degree of that Rite, 
 was advanced to the thirty-third and last, and made an active member 
 of the Supreme Council, to fill a vacancy which had just occurred. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated in this year 
 only by the installation of the officers of the Grand Lodge. No 
 Orator had been obtained, and as a banquet had taken place only a few 
 days before on the occasion of the Shields and Quitman reception, it 
 was deemed expedieut to dispense with the usual feast. The Grand 
 Master elect having been installed by Bro. J. C. Norris, Past Grand 
 Master, then installed the other officers, and the Grand Lodge was 
 closed in ample form. 
 
 During the year two new Lodges had been constituted, and the 
 whole number of contributing members in the State had been largely 
 increased. 
 
;;42 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER XLL 
 
 THE YEAR 1848. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1848 : 
 
 0. M. Tubman, Grand Master; 
 
 A. E. Miller, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 J. S. BuRGES, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 7a. B. Oakes, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 J. H. HONOUR, Grand Treasurer ; 
 
 A. G. Mackey, M.D., Grand Secretary ; 
 
 W. C. Terrell, ) c . n 7 n 
 
 ' > Senior Grand Deacons ; 
 2s. DWlvigny, ) 
 
 E. Thayer, ) 7 . ,-, , r. 
 
 • Junior Grand Deacons ; 
 P. K. Coburn, J 
 
 W. L. Cleveland, Grand Marshal; 
 
 T. R. Saltar, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 S. A. Benjamin, ") „ -, , 7 
 
 ' > Grand Stewards ; 
 
 E. HUCHET, J 
 
 Samuel Seyle, Grand Tiler; 
 A. G. Mackey, Grand Lecturer. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 7th of March, 1848. A complaint 
 was made by the Grand Lodge of Georgia that certain residents of 
 Georgia had been initiated by Lodges in this jurisdiction, which was 
 roferred to a special committee. 
 
 The Grand Master gave notice that he would not, hereafter, grant 
 any dispensations for conferring degrees, unless the reasons for the ap- 
 plication were set forth in writing. 
 
 The Hall Committee were directed to make the necessary arrange- 
 ments for lighting the building throughout with gas. 
 
 The Grand Lodge, at this Communication, vindicated its right to 
 exercise Masonic jurisdiction over a transient person temporarily resid- 
 ing in the State. A Master Mason, who was a member of one of the 
 Lodges in Texas, during a temporary sojourn in the city of Charleston, 
 had married a lady, whom, after a short time, he robbed and deserted. 
 She having made a complaint of these acts to the Grand Lodge of 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. ;^;; 
 
 South Carolina, the Grand Secretary was ordered, on the 7th of Sep- 
 tember, 1847, to write to the accused, and to require him to show 
 cause, at the Communication on the first Tuesday in December next, 
 why he should not be expelled from all the rights and privileges of 
 Masonry. The necessary notice was given, and, having offered no 
 defence at this Communication, he was formally expelled from the 
 Order, and notice was directed to be given thereof to the Grand Lodge 
 of Texas. 
 
 Special Communication on the 4th of April, 1848. The committee 
 to whom the subject of a Supreme Grand Lodge had been referred, re- 
 ported that they deemed it unadvisable to recommend its adoption to 
 the Grand Lodge. They thought, however, that it would be expedient 
 or advisable, to adopt some method by which differences between Grand 
 Lodges might be settled — as in cases of appeal or umpire. But as 
 they could not agree on what should be recommended as a substitute, 
 they refrained from saying any more on the subject, and asked to be 
 discharged from any further consideration of the subject. 
 
 There was considerable discussion on the merits of the question, and 
 the report of the committee was not agreed to until the Quarterly Com- 
 munication in September, when, after further discussion, the report was 
 finally adopted. 
 
 As this subject of a General Grand Lodge has occupied the attention 
 of the Fraternity of the Union for almost a century, as the Grand 
 Lodge of South Carolina took at one time an important part in the 
 efforts to organize such a body, and' as this was the last time that it un- 
 dertook to pass any opinion on the subject, it is proper, and perhaps 
 will be interesting, to give a brief sketch of the history of the efforts 
 made, from time to time, by different Grand Lodges to organize such a 
 body. 
 
 Ever since the Grand Lodges of this country began, at the com- 
 mencement of the revolutionary war, to abandon their dependence on 
 the Grand Lodges of England aud Scotland, that is to say, as soon as 
 they emerged from the subordinate position of Provincial Grand Bodies, 
 and were compelled to assume a sovereign and independent character, 
 attempts have, from time to time, been made by members of the Craft 
 to destroy this sovereignty of the State Grand Lodges, and to institute 
 in its place a superintending power, to be constituted either as a Grand 
 Master of North America, or as a General Grand Lodge of the United 
 
344 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Led, perhaps, by the analogy of the united colonies, under one fed- 
 eral head, or in the very commencement of the revolutionary struggle, 
 controlled by long habits of dependence on the Mother Grand Lodges 
 of Europe, the contest had no sooner begun, and a disseverance of 
 political relations between England and America taken place, than the 
 attempt was made to institute the office of Grand Master of the United 
 States, the object being, of which there can hardly be a doubt, to in- 
 vest Washington with the distinguished dignity. 
 
 The effort emanated, it appears, with the military Lodges in the 
 army; for a full account of it we are indebted to the industrious re- 
 searches of Bro. E. G. Storer, who has published the entire Minutes 
 of the "American Union Lodge" attached to the Connecticut line, in 
 his invaluable work on " The Early Records of Freemasonry in the 
 State of Connecticut." 
 
 On the 27th of December, 1779, Union Military Lodge met to cele- 
 brate the day at Morristown, in New Jersey, which it will be remembered 
 was then the winter quarters of the army. At that Communication, at 
 which, it may be remarked by the way, that "Bro. Washington" 
 is recorded among the visitors, "a petition was read" (I quote 
 from the record,) "representing the present state of Freemasonry to 
 the several Deputy Grand Masters in the United States of America, 
 desiring them to adopt some measures for appointing a Grand Master 
 over said States." * 
 
 The petition purports to emanate from "Ancient Free and Accepted 
 Masons in the several lines of the Army;" and on its being read it was 
 resolved that a committee be appointed from the different Lodges in the 
 army, and from the staff, to meet in convention, at Morristown, on the 
 7th of February next. Accordingly, on the 7th of February, 1780, a 
 convention, called in the record "a committee," met at Morristown. 
 This couventiou adopted an address to the "Grand Masters of the 
 several Lodges in the respective United States." The recommendations 
 of this address were, that the said Grand Masters should adopt and 
 pursue the most necessary measures for establishing one Grand Lodge 
 in America to preside over and govern all other Lodges of whatsoever 
 degree or denomination, licensed or to be licensed, upon the continent; 
 that they should nominate as Grand Master of said Lodge a brother 
 whose merit and capacity may be adequate to a station so important and 
 
 * See " History of Freemasonry in Kentucky," by Rob. Morris, which work has 
 supplied me with several other facts. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 345 
 
 elevated, aud that his name should be transmitted "to our Grand 
 Mother Lodge in Europe," for approbation and confirmation. 
 
 This convention contained delegates from the States of Massachu- 
 setts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware 
 and Maryland. Between the time of its conception on the 27th of De- 
 cember, 1779, and that of its meeting on the 7th of February, 1780, 
 that is to say in January, 1780, the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania had 
 held an emergent meeting, and in some measure anticipated the pro- 
 posed action of the convention, by electing General Washington Grand 
 Matter of the United States. 
 
 From the contemporaneous character of these events, I am induced 
 to believe it possible that there was some concert of action between the 
 Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania and the Masons of Morristown. Per- 
 haps the initiative having been taken by the latter in December, the 
 former determined to give its influence, in January, to the final recom- 
 mendations which were to be made in the following February. All 
 this, however, although plausible, is but conjectural. Nothing appears 
 to have resulted from the action of either body. The only further re- 
 ference which I find to the subject, iu subsequent Masonic documeuts, 
 is the declaration of a convention held in 1783, to organize the Grand 
 Lodge of Maryland, where it is remarked that "another Grand Lodge 
 was requisite before an election could be had of a Grand Master for the 
 United States.*' 
 
 But the attempt to form a General Grand Lodge, although, on this 
 occasion, unsuccessful, was soon to be renewed. In 1790, the propo- 
 sition was again made by the Grand Lodge of Georgia, and here, true 
 to the Roman axiom, " tempora mutantur et nos mutamur in illis," the 
 Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania became the opponent of the measure, 
 and declared it to be impracticable. 
 
 Again, in 1799, the Grand Lodge of South Carolina renewed the 
 proposition, and recommended a convention to be held at the city of 
 Washington, for the purpose of establishing a "Superintending Grand 
 Lodge of America." The reasons assigned by the Grand Lodge of 
 South Carolina for making this proposition are set forth in the circular 
 which it issued on the subject to its sister Grand Lodges. They arc 
 "to draw closer the bonds of union between the different Lodges in the 
 United States, and to induce them to join in some systematic plan 
 whereby the drooping spirit of the Ancient Craft may be revived and 
 become more generally useful and beneficial, and whereby Ancient Ma- 
 sonry, so excellent and beautiful iu its primitive institution, may be 
 
;34(] HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 placed upon such a respectable and firm basis in this western world, as 
 to bid defiance to the shafts of malice, or the feeble attempts of any 
 foreign declaimers* to bring it into disrepute." 
 
 Several Grand Lodges acceded to the proposition for holding a con- 
 vention, although they believed the scheme of a "Superintending 
 Grand Lodge" inexpedient and impracticable, but they were willing to 
 t-cnd delegates for the purpose of producing uniformity in the Masonic 
 system. The Convention, however, did not assemble. 
 
 The proposition was again made, in 1803, by the Grand Lodge of 
 North Carolina, and with a like want of success. 
 
 In 1806 the subject of a General Grand Lodge was again presented 
 to the consideration of the Grand Lodges of the Union, and proposi- 
 tions were made for conventions to be held in Philadelphia, in 1807, 
 and in Washington city, in 1808, neither of which was convened. The 
 "Proceedings" of the various Grand Lodges in the years 1806, 1807 
 and 1808 contain allusions to this subject, most of them in favor of a 
 convention to introduce uuiformity, but unfavorable to the permanent 
 establishment of a General Grand Lodge. North Carolina, however, 
 in 1807 expressed the opinion that "a National Grand Lodge should 
 possess controlling aud corrective powers over all Grand Lodges under 
 its jurisdiction." 
 
 An unsuccessful attempt was made to hold a convention at Washing- 
 ton in January, 1811, "for the purpose of forming a Superintending 
 Grand Lodge of America." 
 
 After the failure of this effort, the Grand Lodge of North Carolina, 
 which seems to have been earnest in its endeavors to accomplish its fa- 
 vorite object, again proposed a convention to be convoked at Washing- 
 ton, in 1812. But the effort, like all which had preceded it, proved 
 abortive. No convention was held. 
 
 The subject seems now, after all these discouraging efforts, to have 
 been laid upon the shelf for nearly ten years. At length, however, the 
 effort for a convention, which had so often failed, was destined to meet 
 with partial success, and one, rather extemporaneous in its character, 
 was held in Washington, on the 8th of March, 1822. Over this con- 
 vention, which the Grand Lodge of Maryland rather equivocally describes 
 as "composed of members of Congress and strangers," the renowned 
 orator and statesman, Henry Clay, presided. A strong appeal, most 
 
 *The allusion is to the Abbe Barruel, who had just published his abusive and 
 ;mti -Masonic "Histoire du Jacobinismc." 
 
DC SOUTH CAROLINA. 347 
 
 probably from the facile pen of its eloquent President, was made to 
 the Grand Lodges of the country to concur iu the establishment of a 
 General Grand Lodge. But the appeal fell upon unwilling ears, and 
 the Grand Lodges continued firm in their opposition to the organization 
 of such a superintending body. 
 
 The subject was agaiu brought to the attention of the Fraternity by 
 the Grand Lodge of Maryland, which body, at its communication in 
 May, 1845, invited its sister Grand Lodges to meet in convention at 
 Baltimore, on the 23d of September, 1847, for the purpose of report- 
 ing a constitution of a Gcueral Grand Lodge. 
 
 This convention met at the appointed time and place, but only seven 
 Grand Ledges were represented by twice that number of delegates. A 
 constitution was formed for a " Supreme Grand Lodge of the United 
 States," which was submitted for approval or rejection to the Grand 
 Lodges of the Union. The opinion expressed of that constitution by 
 the Grand Lodge of Ohio, that it " embraced in several of its sections 
 indefinite and unmeaning powers, to which it was impossible to give a 
 definite construction, and that it gave a jurisdiction to the body which 
 that Grand Lodge would in no event consent to," seems to have been 
 very generally concurred in b} r the other Grand bodies, and the " Su- 
 preme Grand Lodge of the United States" never went into operation. 
 The formation of its constitution was its first, its last, and its only act. 
 
 The next actiou that we find on this much discussed subject was by 
 the Grand Lodge of New York, which body recommended, in 1848, 
 that each of the Grand Lodges should frame the outlines of a General 
 Grand Constitution, such as would be acceptable to it, and send it with 
 a delegate to a convention to be holden at Boston, in 1850, at the time 
 of meeting of the General Grand Chapter and General Grand Encamp- 
 ment. The committee of the Grand Lodge of New York, who made 
 this recommendation, also presented the outlines of a General Grand 
 Constitution. This instrument defines the jurisdiction of the proposed 
 General Grand Lodge as intended to be over all controversies and dis- 
 putes between the different Grand Lodges which may become parties 
 to the compact, when such controversies are referred for decision ; 
 and the decisions in all cases to be final when concurred iu by a ma- 
 jority of the Grand Lodges present," but it disclaims all appeals from 
 State Grand Lodges or their subordinates in matters relating to their 
 own internal affairs. It is evident that the friends of the measure had 
 abated much of their pretensions since the year 1779, when they 
 wanted a Grand Lodge of America "to preside over and govern all 
 
34:8 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 other Lodges of whatsoever degree or denomination, licensed or to be 
 licensed, on the continent." 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Rhode Island also submitted the draft of a 
 General Grand Constitution, more extensive in its details than that pre- 
 sented by New York, but substantially the same in principle. The 
 Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia also concurred in the propo- 
 sition. The convention did not, however, meet ; for the idea of a 
 Supreme Grand Lodge was still an unpopular one with the Craft. In 
 January, 1850, Texas expressed the general sentiment of the Frater- 
 nity, when it said : 
 
 " The formation of a General Grand Lodge will not accomplish the 
 desired end. The same feeling and spirit that now lead to difficulties 
 between the different Grand Lodges, would produce insubordination 
 and disobedience of the edicts of a General Grand Lodge." 
 
 But another attempt was to be made by its friends to carry this 
 favorite measure, and a convention of delegates was held at Lexington, 
 Ky., in September, 1853, during the session of the General Grand 
 Chapter and Encampment at that city. This convention did little more 
 than invite the meeting of a fuller convention, whose delegates should 
 be clothed with more plenary powers, to assemble at Washington in 
 January, 1855. 
 
 The proposed convention met at Washington, and submitted a series 
 of nine propositions, styled " Articles of Confederation." The gist of 
 these articles is to be found in the initial one, and is in these words : 
 
 " All matters of difficulty which may hereafter arise in any Grand 
 Lodge, or between two or more Grand Lodges of the United States, 
 which cannot, by their own action, be satisfactorily adjusted or disposed 
 of, shall, if the importance of the case or the common welfare of the 
 Fraternity demand it, be submitted with accompanying evidence and 
 documents, to the several Grand Lodges, in their individual capacities ; 
 and the concurrent decision thereon of two-thirds of the whole number, 
 officially communicated, shall be held authoritative, binding and final 
 on all parties concerned." 
 
 The provisions of these articles were to be considered as ratified, and 
 were to take effect as soon as they were approved by twenty Grand 
 Lodges of the United States. It is needless to say that this appro- 
 bation was never received, and the proposed confederation failed to 
 assume a permanent form. 
 
 The reader will at once perceive that the whole question of a Gen- 
 eral Grand Lodge is here, at once and in full, abandoned. The propo- 
 
IJs T SOUTH CAROLINA. 349 
 
 sition was simply for a confederated league, with scarcely a shadow of 
 power to enforce its decisions — with no penal jurisdiction whatsoever, 
 and with no other authority than that which, from time to time, might 
 be delegated to it by the voluntary consent of the parties entering into 
 the confederation. If the plan had been adopted, the body would, in 
 all probability, have died in a few years of sheer debility. There was 
 no principle of vitality to keep it together. 
 
 But the friends of a General Grand Lodge did not abandon the hope 
 of effecting their object, and in 1857 the Grand Lodge of Maine issued 
 a circular urging the formation of a General Grand Lodge at a con- 
 vention to be held at Chicago in September, 1859, during the session 
 of the General Grand Chapter and General Grand Encampment at that 
 city. This call was generally and courteously responded to. Even 
 South Carolina, which, in all previous conventions to effect this object, 
 since the failure of its own proposition in 1799, had scrupulously kept 
 aloof, determined to send delegates. 
 
 The convention assembled at Chicago, but abandoning all idea of a 
 General Supreme Grand Lodge, contented itself with proposing the 
 Constitution of a triennial Congress, a scheme which I cannot but think, 
 if accepted, would have been highly advantageous to the Order. But 
 even this has not met with a favorable reception among the majority of 
 the Grand Lodges of the Union, and there is now but little doubt that 
 the Masonic Congress, like the General Grand Lodge, for which it was 
 proposed as a substitute, will be very generally repudiated by the Grand 
 Lodges of the Continent. 
 
 In an appeal by a Mason, who had been expelled by Harmony Lodge 
 No. 17, the Grand Lodge, believing that he had been sufficiently 
 punished, adopted a report, recommending that the Lodge restore him 
 to the rights and privileges of Masoury, " and, if it thinks proper, to 
 membership, this latter action, however, being left entirely optional 
 with the Lodge." 
 
 In this decision it must be observed, that the Grand Lodge did not 
 abate any of the prerogatives which it had previously exercised in the 
 case of the Masons expelled by Walhalla Lodge. In the latter instance 
 the reinstatement was ex debito justilice, an act of justice, because the 
 parties had not been legally tried or found guilty of the charges. In 
 the present instance the recommendation was made ex gratia, as an act 
 of meny, and, in a case of this kind, the Grand Lodge could not 
 impose upon a Lodge one whom it acknowledged to have been right- 
 fully and legally expelled. It could only recommend a restoration. 
 
350 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Quarterly Coinnmmcation on the 6th of June, 1848. The Grand 
 Lodge received an invitation from the Grand Lodge of the District of 
 Columbia to be present at the laying of the corner-stone of the Wash- 
 ington Monument in the city of Washington. 
 
 Quarterly Communication oq the 5th of September, 1848. The 
 Grand Officers were requested to report what was the proper interpre- 
 tation of the Grand Lodge rule in reference to Masonic certificates; 
 and also, whether a person who could not read nor write, was capable 
 of being initiated into the mysteries of Freemasonry. They were also 
 directed to prepare an encyclical letter to be addressed to all the Subor- 
 dinate Lodges. 
 
 It was also decided at this Communication, that "the practice of 
 dueling is repugnant to the principles of Freemasonry, and, in all cases 
 where two brethren resort to this mode of settling their disputes, it 
 becomes the duty of the Lodge, or Lodges, of which they are members, 
 forthwith to expel them from all the rights and privileges of Masonry, 
 subject as usual to the confirmation of the Grand Lodge." 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 7th of December, 1848. The 
 committee in relation to the interpretation of the law referring to cer- 
 tificates, reported, and the Grand Lodge concurred in the report, "that 
 they consider that the presentation of a certificate is required by this 
 Grand Lodge, simply as a testimonial of good Masonic standing, pre- 
 paratory to an examination; and that, therefore, where the party can 
 furnish other sufficient evidence of his Masonic standing, and assign a 
 satisfactory reason for being without a certificate, the Lodge which he 
 proposes to visit may proceed to his examination." 
 
 In visitors from the State of New York, they recommended, however, 
 that this rule should not apply ; but that, in accordance with the 
 request of that Grand Lodge, all Masons hailing from that State should 
 be imperatively required to present a certificate of membership, signed 
 by the Grand Secretary of that jurisdiction. 
 
 The Grand Lodge also decided in relation to the initiation of illiter- 
 ate persons, that it could find no injunction in the ancient constitutions, 
 prohibiting the initiation of persons who are unable to read or write ; 
 yet, as Speculative Freemasonry is a scientific Institution, the Grand 
 Lodge would discourage the initiation of such candidates as highly 
 inexpedient. 
 
 The Grand Lodge in reviewing the by-laws of one of its Lodges took 
 occasion to reiterate the declaration, that on the extinction of any Sub- 
 ordinate Lodge its property becomes vested in the Grand Lodge. 
 
UN SOUTH CAROLINA. ;>51 
 
 It also forbade the adjournment of Lodges, declaring that they must 
 be closed at the order of the Worshipful Master. 
 
 The Grand Officers presented their encyclical letter, which, on being 
 read, was adopted by the Grand Lodge, and ordered to be printed and 
 sent to all the Subordinate Lodges. As this letter is a very fair 
 synopsis of the opinions entertained by the Grand Lodge on the most 
 important aud usual questions that could affect the welfare of the Order 
 and the Lodges, it is proper that it should constitute a part of this 
 history. The letter is therefore given at length, as follows : 
 
 "WISDOM, UNION, STRENGTH. 
 
 "From the Grand East of Charleston, this 5th day of December, in 
 the year of Light 58 48. The Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of 
 Ancient Freemasons of South Carolina, in Grand Communicatiou 
 convened, to the Subordinate Lodges under her jurisdiction, sends 
 
 GREETING : 
 
 "Brethren: The Grand Lodge, anxious for your prosperity, and 
 desirous that, as members of the great mystic family, you should pre- 
 serve in unfaded brightness the light of Masonry which has been 
 entrusted to your keeping, addresses you, on the occasion of this Grand 
 Communication, an Encyclical Letter of advice, of admonition, and of 
 direction. 
 
 "In the first place, the Grand Lodge earnestly calls your attention 
 to the subject of admission of members. Let your great anxiety be 
 not to iucrease the number, but the respectability and worthiness of 
 your candidates. The pre-rcquisite qualifications of applicants for 
 Masonry are of a three-fold character. They arc moral, mental and 
 physical. Every candidate for initiation into the mysteries of Free- 
 masonry must be a man of good moral character, of irreproachable 
 reputation, and living, as our ritual expresses it, "under the tongue of 
 good report." The Lodge which admits a member who has not these 
 necessary qualifications, is bringing into our fold not a lamb, the 
 emblem of^innocence and purity, but a ravenous wolf who will inevi- 
 tably destroy the flock. Neither is an ignorant or uneducated man 
 desirable as a candidate for our mysteries. Without some intellectual 
 culture, it is not likely that he would appreciate the symbolical cha- 
 racter of our Institution, nor would he be capable of becoming a very 
 useful or honorable member of the Craft. Lastly, as to the physical 
 qualifications, the Ahiman Rezon leaves uo d >ubt on the subject, but 
 expressly declares that every applicant for initiation must bo a man, 
 
35g HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 free born, of lawful age, in the perfect enjoyment of his senses, hale 
 and sound, and not deformed or dismembered. This is one of the 
 ancient landmarks of the Order, which it is in the power of no body 
 of men to change. A man having but one arm or one leg, or who is 
 in any way deprived of his due proportion of limbs and members, is as 
 incapable of initiation as a woman. As to the religious qualifications^ 
 the action of some other Grand Lodges makes it expedient that we 
 should impress upon you that no other religious test is necessary or 
 proper in the candidate, except that he declare himself a firm believer 
 in the existence of a Supreme Being. 
 
 " Finally on this subject, Brethren, let it always be remembered that 
 in balloting for a candidate each Lodge is acting not for itself alone, 
 but for the whole Order at large. It is not simply admitting a new 
 associate into its own narrow circle, but is introducing a brother to the 
 great Masonic family, whose virtuous or vicious conduct will affect the 
 Institution in all parts of the world, for good or evil. Let no brother 
 then forget, that it is as sacred a duty to reject the worthless as it is to 
 receive the worthy. 
 
 "The conduct of your members requires also constant supervision. 
 A Mason must obey the moral law, and his conduct must be such as 
 not only to do credit to himself, but reflect a portion of that credit 
 upon the Lodge and the Fraternity of which he is a part. The more 
 faithful he is to his duties as a man, a citizen and a neighbor, the more 
 will he exalt the reputation of that Institution of which he is a worthy 
 member. But on the contrary, if forgetful of the lessons of morality 
 and virtue which are taught within the Lodge, he degrades himself by 
 the constant practice of immorality, the degradation falls not on him 
 alone, but on all those who have given him the right hand of fellow- 
 ship and hailed him as a brother. In a case like this, the duty of the 
 Lodge is plain. Let the erring brother be first kindly, but firmly ad- 
 monished of his fault. If he repents and seeks amendment, let every 
 aid be given to his new-formed resolutions; but if he continues in his 
 course of vice, he must no longer be suffered to contaminate the purity 
 of our Institution by his presence, but like a diseased liwb, must be 
 cut off, lest he poison the whole body. Excepting in extreme cases of 
 moral turpitude, it will be better to suspend for a given period, to allow 
 the defaulter an opportunity of reclaiming himself; but when all hope 
 of such a result is lost, he must be expelled from Masonry, and no 
 longer considered as a brother. When such a man, living in the open 
 shamelessness and abandonment of vice, without exhibiting in his life 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 353 
 
 one guiding principle of Masonry, still continues to retain his member- 
 ship in a Lodge in this jurisdiction, or claims to be a Mason in its 
 vicinity, the Grand Lodge will hold such a Lodge guilty of all the evil 
 and disgrace which Masonry, in such a case, must necessarily receive. 
 
 '■' On the subject of Masonic work, it is the desire of the Grand 
 Lodge, that as perfect uniformity as possible should exist. Having 
 adopted a system, which it has entrusted to an appropriate officer to 
 communicate to you, it asks you to listen to and follow his instructions. 
 As we are but oue household, it is meet and proper that our labors, our 
 ritual, and all our ceremonies, should correspond, so that no brother, in 
 visiting a neighboring Lodge, should feel himself a stranger, but may 
 rather be convinced of the uniformity, regularity and beauty of our 
 Institution. 
 
 " The subject of taking due bills from candidates has been brought 
 to the attention of the Grand Lodge. There is, brethren, no custom 
 more pregnant with evil than this. It is far better to present a candi- 
 date with the degrees conferred, than on his first entrance into the 
 Order, to burthen him with a pecuniary obligation to the Lodge, which 
 it may be inconvenient for him to liquidate; and which, in the infirmity 
 of human nature, will most probably affect injuriously the kind feelings 
 which should exist among all the members. This custom the Grand 
 Lodge most imperatively forbids. 
 
 " It is expected of every Mason, that he shall pay due veneration 
 and respect to the Supreme and Subordinate Rulers of Masonry who 
 have been placed over him. The importance of the duty of obedience 
 is too often aud too strongly enforced in our ancient charges, to require 
 at this time any formal recapitulation. The Master of the Lodge, and 
 under him, the Wardens, have, it is to be supposed, been selected for 
 their wisdom and prudence, and skill in Masonry. To their awards, 
 every member should then quietly and respectfully submit. The 
 authority of the Master especially, is supreme in the Lodge. For his 
 errors he is alone accountable to the Graud Lodge; and as his obli- 
 gations require that he should see the ancient landmarks of Masonry, 
 and the rules and regulations of the Grand Lodge, euforced and obeyed, 
 it is but proper that he should be invested with the power to carry out 
 these obligation!. Hence the decrees of the Master must be always 
 respected by the members of the Lodge. He may, and of course will 
 sometimes, be wrong, for ' to err is human ;' but in all such cases, an 
 appeal from his decision may be made to the Grand Lodge, who will 
 
354 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 ever be ready to correct his errors, and impartially to administer 
 justice. 
 
 " Finally, brethren, among yourselves eschew all strife and quarrels, 
 living in peace with all the world, live in love with each other. Thus 
 shall you assist in the elevation and prosperity of our beloved Insti- 
 tution, and secure to yourselves the greatest of all blessings, 'a con- 
 science void of offence.' 
 
 " And may the Supreme Grand Architect of the Universe ever have 
 you in his holy keeping; may brotherly love prevail, and every moral 
 and social virtue cement you in the bonds of peace and fellowship." 
 
 The difficulties which had arisen between the Grand Lodges of Lou- 
 isiana and Mississippi, had at this time attracted the attention of all the 
 Grand Lodges of the Union, and as has been seen, had been referred to 
 a committee of this Grand Lodge in September, 1847. It is only 
 necessary in explanation to state here, that the Grand Lodge of Lou- 
 isiana was at that time permitting many of its Subordinate Lodges to 
 work in the York, Scotch and French rites, sometimes a Lodge using 
 only one of these rites, and others practicing at different times two of 
 them, or perhaps the whole three. Against this system, which is tech- 
 nically known in Masonry as a "cumulation of rites," the Grand 
 Lodge of Mississippi, in answej to the complaint of several York 
 Masons of Louisiana, had protested, and asserting that there was not 
 properly any York Grand Lodge in Louisiana, and that the field was, 
 therefore, open for the entrance of any other Grand Lodge as an unoc- 
 pied jurisdiction, it had established several Lodges in Louisiana, which 
 had subsequently united in the organization of a " Grand Lodge of 
 Ancient York Masons." The representations of the Grand Lodge of 
 Mississippi, against the supposed irregularities of the old Grand Lodge 
 of Louisiana, and the complaints of the latter against the intrusion into 
 their jurisdiction, had been placed before all the Grand Lodges of the 
 Union. The report of the committee of the Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina, to whom this subject had been referred, was presented at this 
 Communication, and as this able documeot forms an interesting and 
 important part of the Masonic history of this period, I do not hesitate 
 to give it in its full extent. The report is in these words :* 
 
 The committee, to whom was referred the differences existing 
 between the Grand Lodge of Louisiana and the Grand Lodge of Mis- 
 
 * The committee who made this report consisted of A. E. Miller, J, H. 
 Honour, Z. B. Oakes, J. C. Norris and F. C. Barber. 
 
TS SOUTH CAROLINA. 355 
 
 sisg'ippi, and who asked "or further time, by their report in December 
 last, (see page 30 of Abstract of Proceedings of Grand Lodge for 
 5847,) beg leave to express their opinion on the important subject, so 
 vital to Masonry and its principles. They, therefore, lay before the 
 Grand Lodge what information they have collected, from the several 
 reports referred to them, aud such observations as occurred in their ex- 
 amination, viz: 
 
 1st. The printed statement communicated to this Grand Lodge by 
 the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, signed by the Grand Secretary, F. 
 Verrier, dated the 23d April, 1847, with sundry resolutions attached, 
 adopted on the 17th May following. 
 
 2d. A Preamble aud ilesjlutions from the Grand Lodge of Missis- 
 sippi, as follows: 
 
 " Whereas, in the opinion of the Grand Lodge, each distinctive rite 
 produces different powers which govern it, and are independent of 
 others; and, whereas, no Grand Lodge of Scotch, French, or cumu- 
 lative rite, can legally assume jurisdiction over any Ancient York 
 Lodge; therefore, Resolved, that the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, being 
 composed of a cumulation of rites, cannot be recognized by this Grand 
 Lodge as a Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons. 
 
 "Resolved, That this Grand Lodge will grant charters to any legal 
 number of Ancient York Masons residing within the State of Lou- 
 isiana they making due application for the same." 
 
 3d. Another printed statement from the Grand Lodge of New York, 
 acting on the communication from the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, 
 setting forth their disapproval of the conduct of the Grand Lodge of 
 Mississippi, as follows: 
 
 u Be it resolved, by the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, that 
 we most deeply and sincerel}- regret that any Grand Lodge in the 
 United States has attempted to disturb the harmony heretofore exist- 
 ing between the several Graud Lodges of the United States, and 
 thereby jeopardizing the unity of the Masonic family throughout the 
 world. 
 
 '• Resole/ d, That as we have heretofore recognized the Grand Lodge 
 of Louisiana as the sole, supreme and legitimate government of the 
 symbolic degrees of Masonry in the State of Louisiana, so we shall 
 continue to sustain her in her rights 
 
 " Resolved, That we advise and request the Grand Lodge of Missis- 
 sippi to rescind and revoke any dispensations and warrauts, which 
 
;j t -,<j HISTORY OF FREEMASCSfRY 
 
 have been granted under her authority to brethren in the State of 
 Louisiana. 
 
 "Resolved, That all Lodges planted in the State of Louisiana by the 
 Grand Lodge of Mississippi, or any other Grand Lodge than the Grand 
 Lodge of Louisiana, established in the year 1812, are irregular Lodges, 
 and as such cannot be recognized by us. 
 
 11 Resolved, That all intercourse between the Lodges and Masons of 
 this State, and the Lodges in the State of Louisiana, not deriving their 
 authority from the Grand Lodge of that State, is hereby strictly 
 prohibited. 
 
 (Signed) R. 11. BOYD, Grand Secretary." 
 
 These resolutions were passed by the Grand Lodge of New York, 
 7th September, 1847. 
 
 We have waited, for some time, for any further action on the part of 
 the Grand Lodge of Mississippi, but having heard of no retraction, 
 this Grand Lodge ought to act in some manner so as to suppress the 
 evil, which is now dividing the Masonic family in Louisiana, for it now 
 appears that a new Grand Lodge has been formed by seven of the 
 Lodges, woi'king under the warrants or charters obtained from the 
 Grand Lodge of Mississippi; and the question will arise, which of these 
 two Grand Lodges is to be recognized by the other Grand Lodges in 
 the United States. 
 
 The first question for us to decide is, did the Grand Lodge of Louisi- 
 ana forfeit their right of jurisdiction, in cumulating the different rites, 
 as charged against them, (see Annual Statement, 1847, page 12,) and 
 in some degree admitted, ivhen they altered their constitution, in 1832, so 
 as to enable them, to work in and cumulate the French or Modern, and 
 Scotch rite ? 
 
 The second question is, Had the Grand Lodge of Mississippi the right 
 to intrude itself into the jurisdiction, and declare the Grand Lodge of 
 Louisiana no Grand Lodge ? Was it not in violation of the rule by 
 which our Grand Lodge is governed ? (See page 190 of Ahiman Rezon.) 
 " The encroachment upon the independent jurisdiction of an inde- 
 pendent Grand Lodge, is contrary to every principle of Freemasonry, 
 the constitution and usages of the Order, and as manifestly unjust as it 
 would be for the Governor and Judges of one State to exercise juris- 
 diction in another." 
 
 Even if such government was corrupt, it would not be the privilege 
 of its equal to invade its rights, which only could be legally done by 
 
L\ SOUTH CAROLINA. 357 
 
 applying to some superior party. We think it would, therefore, have 
 been more in accordance with the brotherly principles of our Order, 
 had the Grand Lodge of Mississippi taken some legal steps to expose 
 what they thought so dangerous aud unmasouic, in the conduct of the 
 Grand Lodge of Louisiana, either by entering into a correspondence 
 with the Grand Iiod^e of Louisiana, aud making such examination into 
 its acts, as would have shown that body what they deemed inconsistent 
 with the principles of Ancient York Masonry ; or by calling on the 
 other Grand Lodges to express such an opinion as would sanction their 
 interference, before they proceeded to violate the jurisdiction of their 
 neighbor. We have no doubt but that the Grand Lodge of Louisiana 
 did not perceive the error of cumulating rites — how could they ? 
 They were blind on the subject, because it interfered with their inter- 
 ests. They say it was done to " establish a sole and centre of Masonic 
 authority, regulating the labors of all the Lodges under its jurisdiction, 
 aud that under the denomination of a Grand Lodge duly incorporated 
 by and for the State of Louisiana," &c. (See page 12, pamphlet.) 
 
 In their defence, the Grand Lodge of Louisiaua quotes from the 22d 
 Article of its Constitution, as follows : 
 
 " The Grand Lodge will uot constitute Lodges in foreign countries in 
 which there is a Grand Lodge, nor within any State or Territory of the 
 United States where a Grand Lodge exists ; nor will it permit any 
 foreign Masonic authority, nor any Grand Lodge of the United States, 
 to constitute Lodges of any of the rites of the three first degrees, within 
 the limits of the State of Louisiana; and declares beforehand, that if 
 such a case should occur, the Lodge so constituted shall be declared 
 irregular, and its members expelled; and that all Masonic communication 
 shall cease (if any before existed,) between the constituents of 6uch 
 Lodge and the Masons of Louisiana." 
 
 Article 51 says : " It is forbidden to any number of Masons to as- 
 semble, and form a Lodge, without having obtained a warrant of con- 
 stitution from the Grand Lodge ; and whoever shall be convicted of 
 contravening this rule, shall be expelled from all the Lodges by 
 a resolution of the Grand Lodge, and deprived of all Masonic privi- 
 leges." 
 
 From the tenor of these Articles in the Constitution of the Grand 
 Lodge of Louisiana, and other general principles, it would appear that 
 the Grand Lodge of Mississippi has endeavored to set aside an estab- 
 lished Constitution, and the rights of the body in possession of the 
 jurisdiction, as established by law ; and we contend that the Grand 
 
358 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Lodsre of Louisiana arc entitled to hold to their legal rights, until some 
 competent tribunal shall pronounce against them. 
 
 That question being considered and established in favor of the Grand 
 Lodge of Louisiana, we shall next proceed to examine the first ques- 
 tion proposed, viz. : 
 
 Did the Grand Lodge of Louisiana forfeit their right of jurisdic- 
 tion, in cumulating the different Rites ? Which your committee admit 
 may be wrong as Ancient York Masons ; but let us see if it was suf- 
 ficient ground for the Grand Lodge of Mississippi to declare that there 
 was no Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons in the State of Louisi- 
 ana? and that it is incompatible with the ancient usages of Masonry to 
 blend three rites together ? 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Louisiana set up in her defence, that "she was 
 constituted a Grand Lodge in the year A. L. 5812, as ' the Grand 
 Lodge of Louisiana Ancient York Masons, according to the old Con- 
 stitution as revised by Prince Edwin, at the city of York, A. L. 4920/ 
 and that it has ever since exercised supreme and exclusive authority 
 and jurisdiction as such, throughout the whole extent and limits of the 
 State; and that it has been constantly recognized as the Grand Lodge 
 of the State of Louisiana, by all the Grand Lodges in the world but 
 the Grand Lodge of Mississippi, who attempted, very soon after that 
 body came into existence, to dispute that juiisdiction by chartering 
 Lodges within the State, but which measure they then failed in carrying 
 out." The latest attempt to set aside the authority of the Grand Lodge 
 was by Poinsett Lodge, which had received its charter from the Grand 
 Lodge of Louisiana in 5837 ) it was that Lodge which attempted to 
 carry out the mandate of the Grand Lodge of Mississippi, by throwing 
 up its old charter, and taking a new charter from the Grand Lodge of 
 Mississippi. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Louisiana deny that they have blended any 
 rites — what they have done, they say, has been for the strengthening 
 their bond of union, by uniting the whole Brotherhood of Louisiana of 
 the three first degrees, under one head ; and allude to what had been 
 done in South Carolina, in Massachusetts, and in England and France, 
 by their Grand Lodges, for the harmony of Masonry. They say : 
 "They have recognized the universality of our institution, and take by 
 the hand all worthy regular Master Masons who satisfy them, by proper 
 vouchers, that they have been regularly initiated, let them hail from 
 what country they may." 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 359 
 
 They say further : " The great desideratum of Masonry is harmony ; 
 and uVcry regulation which produces that effect tends to the glory of 
 the Great Architect of the Universe and the happiness of man. In 
 New Orleans there are Lodges working in different languages, and the 
 Fraternity is composed of various nations. A part are attached to the 
 rites as practiced in Europe, which are what are called French or 
 Modern, or Scotch rites ; the others are attached to the less complicated 
 ceremonies, as practiced in the United States and Great Britain, de- 
 nominated York Masons. Their Grand Lodge was formed by Louisi- 
 ana holding charters from Pennsylvania, and some other Grand Lodges 
 of the United States, who were styled York Lodges, and the Grand 
 Lodge was consequently constituted a Grand Lodge of Ancient York 
 Masons. But, at the time it was formed, there were other Lodges 
 existing in New Orleans under the sanction of the Grand Orient of 
 France, which remained under that jurisdiction, and others were sub- 
 sequently constituted by that body. This created a conflict of authority, 
 and, to prevent misunderstanding, it was agreed to unite those bodies, 
 without blending of rites, to the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge, 
 with permission to each of these Subordinate Lodges to continue the 
 use of its particular ceremonies, and with power in the Grand Lodge 
 to allow them, if they thought proper, to cumulate either or both of 
 the other rites, provided they should keep them separate and distinct. 
 This provision was made to appease the prejudice, for the difference is 
 so trifling in the three degrees, that it is astonishing that sensible men 
 should have attached so much importance to it. The Grand Orient of 
 France, ever liberal to promote harmony, assisted to carry it into exe- 
 cution. 
 
 "The present regulation is, that in issuing charters for forming 
 Lodges they shall be called Ancient York Lodges, but may contain the 
 power of cumulating thu other two rites ; but the Ancient York rite 
 shall always be considered the principal or national rite." 
 
 The above is part of the defence of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, 
 and calls for our deep consideration, whether by so arranging matters 
 for peace, love and harmony among themselves, they have introduced 
 any unpardonable violation, or been in any way detrimental to the inte- 
 rests of Free Masonry, it is our duty to examine. 
 
 By cumulating the rites they have introduced a new ground of com- 
 plaiut, which is brought against the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, viz : 
 " The sons of Masons, when presented by their father, or tutor, are 
 dispensed with the condition concerning age, and may be received 
 
360 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 when the}- arc eighteeu years old. But it is well understood that they 
 cannot be received as Master Masons, before they have attained their 
 twenty-first year. No dispensation contrary to this article shall be 
 granted." 
 
 This is certainly (in part) contrary to the laws and usages of Ancient 
 York Masonry, which say, " That no person shall be accepted unless 
 he be twenty-one years old, or upwards." But does the initiation 
 before twenty-one make him an accepted Mason ? May not the mean- 
 ing be, in the end, that he shall not be accepted until he is twenty-one ? 
 and is this ground of objection an insurmountable one? But by what 
 law, other than the one above, is the question to be tried ? Have not 
 other Grand Lodges the power to say they will receive persons uuder 
 age, provided they do not make them Free and Accepted Masons until 
 they are twenty-one ? And shall that be deemed a sufficient reason for 
 the Grand Lodge of Mississippi to invade the jurisdiction of the 
 Grand Lodge of Louisiana, aud declare her no Grand Lodge ? 
 
 Still we hope the anomaly of mixed rites will be abolished by the 
 Grand Lodge of Louisiana, and that a speedy adjustment of their dif- 
 ficulties will take place; and we recommend that the several Grand 
 Lodges in the United States will become pacificators in arranging this 
 unpleasant disagreement, for the interest of Masonry. But if this 
 course be not adopted, what will this Grand Lodge do ? shall we ap- 
 prove of the conduct of the Grand Lodge of Mississippi ? Then, if 
 we do so, and we commit an error, or any act that may be considered 
 such by another Grand Lodge, we shall be as liable to have our juris- 
 diction invaded as the Grand Lodge of Louisiana was, against the fun- 
 damental principles which ought to govern all Grand Lodges. 
 
 Your committee sincerely regret that, by the formation of another 
 Grand Lodge in the city of New Orleans, there has been another fla- 
 grant violation of the rights of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana. 
 
 This new body is under the title of "The Louisiana Graud Lodge of 
 Ancient York Masons," a copy of whose Constitution and Proceedings 
 has been forwarded to this Grand Lodge, reciting, at length, the names 
 of the seven Lodges rechartered by the Grand Lodge of Mississippi, 
 who assembled in Grand Lodge, and formed this new Grand Lodge on 
 the 8th of March last. 
 
 What action will the Grand Lodge take on that Constitution? will it 
 receive it ? If it does, it at once acknowledges the right set up by the 
 Grand Lodge of Mississippi, and traduces the original Grand Lodge of 
 Louisiana. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. S61 
 
 Your committee recommend to this Grand Lodge the following reso- 
 lutions for their adoption : 
 
 Resolved, That the Grand Lodge of Louisiana did not forfeit their 
 right of jurisdiction in Louisiana, by the course they adopted in cumu- 
 lating the degrees; although this Grand Lodge disapproves of such 
 improper acts and mal-practices, and is desirous to learn that 'hey have 
 been abolished, and the ancient landmarks restored. 
 
 Resolved, That the Grand Lodge of Mississippi, in granting warrants 
 to establish new Lodges within the State of Louis ; ana, made a prema- 
 ture and unlawful entry into a foreign jurisdiction which was not war- 
 ranted by the occasion, and, to say the least, was a violation of that 
 courtesy which ought always to exist between sister Grand LoJges. 
 
 Resole (I, That without a speedy conclusion of the differences 
 between the two Grand Lodges now erected in Louisiana, the Grand 
 Lodges throughout the United States ought to adopt some stringent 
 nirt hod of depriving one or the other of the right of assuming 
 authority, which certainly only one is entitled to. 
 
 The resolutions appeuded to the report were not adopted precisely in 
 the language proposed by the committee. The report was printed and 
 made the subject of subsequent discussion, and on the 4th of Septem- 
 ber, 1849, the committee haviug received some other documents on the 
 subject, made au additional report, concluding with the following reso- 
 lutions, which were unanimously adopted : 
 
 1. Resolved, That the Grand Lodge of Louisiana did not forfeit their 
 right of jurisdiction in said State, by the course they adopted to secure 
 the control of all the Masonic bodies, and of each different rite, for the 
 purpose of governing the same in peace and harmony, under their own 
 supreme control, which arose from the peculiar manner in which each 
 rite was introduced into that jurisdiction. 
 
 2. Resolved, That this Grand Lod^e will hail with pleasure the day 
 when the Grand Lodge of Louisiana shall itself endeavor to restore 
 order in its jurisdiction, and separate itself from all other bodies, but 
 those who practice the Ancieut York Rite, aud establish the same as 
 the only legitimate Crdcr. 
 
 o. Resolved, That the Grand Lodge of Mississippi, in granting war- 
 rants to establish new Lodges within the State of Louisiana, made a 
 premature and unlawful entry into a foreign jurisdiction, which was 
 uot warranted by the occasion, and, to say the least, was a violation of 
 that courtesy which ought always to exist between sister (Jrand 
 
302 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 4. Resolved, That this Grand Lodge do not recognize any other 
 Grand Lodge in Louisiana, but the old and regularly constituted body, 
 chartered in A. L. 5816, of which M. W. Brother Felix Garcia is 
 at present Grand Master, and Brother F. Verrier Grand Secretary. 
 
 5. Resolved, That without a speedy conclusion of the differences 
 between the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, and the body assuming to be 
 such, all other Grand Lodges are recommended to adopt such measures 
 as will prevent the members of the unlawful body from visiting — for 
 which purpose this Grand Lodge enjoins on all Lodges under its juris- 
 diction not to permit any persons from Louisiana to be admitted for 
 examination in their Lodges, until they produce the certificate of the 
 original Grand Lodgi of Louisiana. 
 
 It was determined that the Festival of St. John the Evangel'st should 
 be celebrated by an addre-s and banquet, and the committee were au- 
 thorized to select the Orator; but it will be hereafter seen that they 
 were not successful in obtaining the services of a brother for that occa- 
 sion. 
 
 The warrants of Palmetto Lodge No. 19, at Laurensville, and Re- 
 covery LoJge No. 35, at Pendleton, were revived; new warrants being 
 granted in the place of the old ones, which had been lost or destroyed. 
 
 The annual election took place, and Bro. A. E. Miller was elected 
 Grand Master. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated, but 
 there was no address. The Grand Master elect having been installed 
 by Bio. C. M. Furman, Past Grand Master, then installed the other 
 officers. 
 
 The Past Grand Master, C. M. Furman, received the thanks of the 
 Grand Lodge "for the able, dignified and impartial manner in which 
 he had presided, as well as for the zeal which he had manifested for the 
 interest of the Craft," and was constituted a life member of the Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 The celebration of the day was concluded by a banquet. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 363 
 
 CHAPTER XLII. 
 
 THE YEAR 1S49. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1849; 
 
 A. E. MlI.LER, Giand Master; 
 
 J. J. CALDWELL, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 Z. B. OAKES, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 DANIEL IIoRLBECK, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Henry Reid, Grand Chaplain; 
 
 John II. Honour, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 Albert G. MackeY, M.D., Grand Secretary; 
 
 Alfred Price, ) 
 
 N. D'Alvigny, J *> enior Grand Deacon *i 
 
 E. Thayer, \ T • n j n 
 
 > Junior Grand Deacons; 
 H. S. Rice, J 
 
 P. K. CoBURN, Grand Marshal; 
 
 T 11. SalTar, Grand Pursuivant; 
 
 T. 13. Swift, 1 
 
 r. o w* f Grand iytucards: 
 
 G. S. \\ D, ) ' 
 
 Samuel Seyle, Grand 7 //»-., 
 
 Albert G Mackey, Grand Lecturer. 
 
 Special Communication on the 18th January, 1840, for the pu pose 
 of iiisttllii.g tlii' I Ii.m. J. J. Caldwell, Deputy Grind Master elect, who 
 had been absent at the time ot' installation on the Festival of St. 
 John. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 0th of March, 1849. A me., ber 
 of Lodge No. 5 having been expelled by the Lodge, and he having ap- 
 pealed to the Grand Lodge, that body sustained the Lodge in its verdict 
 of guilt, but, believing that the punishment was excessive, ordered him 
 to be restored to the rights and privileges of Masonry upon his making 
 a suitable apology, to be approved of by the Grand Lodge. Here, 
 again, the Grand Lodge did not undertake to restore to membership, be- 
 cause their act of restoration was the result of clemency, and not from 
 n denial of the guilt of the accused. The Grand Lodge never has ex- 
 
^4. HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 ercised the prerogative of restoration to membership, except as an act 
 of justice, where the guilt of the accused has been clearly disproved. 
 
 A person residing in the vicinity of Lodge No. 12, at Branchville, 
 had presented a petition to Lodge No. 9, at Charleston, for initiation, 
 but on the complaint of the former Lodge the Grand Master had issued 
 an injunction forbidding the initiation of the candidate. The Master 
 of Lodge No. 9, nevertheless, permitted a ballot to be taken, when the 
 candidate was rejected, not, however, in consequence of the injunction, 
 the existence of which had not been made known by the Master to the 
 Lodge previous to the ballot. The subject was brought before the 
 Grand Lodge, the Master of the Lodge made an explanation and an 
 apology, and the matter was then, with the consent of the Grand 
 Master, dismiss d. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 5th of June, 1S49. The Master 
 of one of the city Lodges was severely censured for attempting to 
 force an entrance into the Lodge room for the purpose of holding a 
 meeting on Sunday evening, contrary to the regulation of the Hall 
 Committee, which forbade the Lodge room to be used on Sundays. 
 
 St. John's Lodge No. 1, of Newark, (New Jersey,) having sent a 
 circular to the Grand Lodge complaining of the enforcement of the 
 system of Grand Lodge certificates, by the Grand Lodge of New 
 York, and asking for an expression of opinion on this subject, the 
 Grand Secretary was directed to write to the Grand Lodge of New 
 Jersey, to inform that body of its reception of the circular, and to 
 state that it is not the custom of this Grand Lodge to correspond with 
 Subordinate Lodges, of another jurisdiction, on the subject of the 
 general regulations of the Order, but to express a willingness to consider 
 any communication on the subject from the Grand Lodge of New 
 Jersey. But no communication was ever made in reply. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 4th of September, 1849. The 
 committee on the differences between the two Grand Lodges of Louisi- 
 ana and Mississippi, made their final report, which has already been 
 alluded to. 
 
 The Grand Lodge established a new regulation, as follows : 
 
 " No resident of this State shall be admitted to take his degrees in 
 any Lodge under this jurisdiction, unless it be in the Lodge nearest his 
 usual place of residence, without special dispensation ; provided this 
 Rule shall not apply to residents in the Parishes of St. Philip and St. 
 Michael, who may be admitted to any of the Charleston Lodges." 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. ;J05 
 
 The adoption of this wholesome regulation was no doubt suggested 
 by the difficulty which had lately occurred between Lodges No. 9 and 
 12, at Branchville and Charleston. It has ever since been rigidly ad- 
 hered to. 
 
 Notice was received of the schism which had just taken place in 
 New York, by which two Grand Lodges had been organized in that 
 State. The subject was referred to a special committee of five, con- 
 sisting of J. H. Honour, C. M. Furman, W. B. Foster, Z. B. Oakes 
 and Daniel Horlbeck. 
 
 Special Communication on the 29th of October, 1S49. The great 
 business of this Communication was the reception and consideration of 
 the report of the committee of five, to whom the subject of the schism 
 in the jurisdiction of New York had been referred. As this unfortu- 
 nate difficulty has become an interesting part of the history of Masonry 
 in this country, and as the same constitutional questions which were at 
 the foundation of the contest in New York, have since been warmly 
 agitated in this jurisdiction, and lastly, as the able report of the com- 
 mittee is as creditable to them, as it is justly expressive of the true Ma- 
 sonic law on the subject, I have not hesitated, instead of giving my 
 own views, to insert the whole document, unabridged and without 
 further comment.* 
 
 The Committee appointed to examine and report upon the state of 
 the controversy between the two bodies, claiming to be the Grand 
 Lodge of New York, respectfully report: 
 
 That they have given to the subject that careful attention which its 
 great importance demands, and which so deeply affects the peace and 
 harmony of a sister jurisdiction. They have examined various docu- 
 ments, emanating from both the parties to this unhappy controversy, 
 from which they have made the following synopsis for the information 
 of the Grand Lodge: 
 
 The Constitution of the Grand Lodge of New York, previous to tho 
 annual meeting of that body in June last, recognized Past Masters of 
 Subordinate Lodges as constituent members of the Grand Lodge, en- 
 titled to vote upon all questions, and to act as proxies of Lodges. 
 Many of the country Lodges were dissatisfied with the powers thus 
 possessed by the Past Masters, because, as they allege, the regulation 
 in its practical operation, gave to the Fraternity of one sectiou of tho 
 
 * This able report la from the pen of Brother John H. Honour, the Chuirman 
 of the Committc 
 
3G(j HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 State a disproportionate power in the Grind Lodge; that the Officers 
 and Past Masters of twenty four Lodges in the city of New York m ru 
 entitled tu a greater number of votes thu:> the Representatives of 
 seventy-three Lodges in the rest of the State; that by virtue of pre- 
 siding over a Lodge one year, a Past Master became a member for life 
 of the Grand Lodge, and a ruler for life over the whole Fraternity of 
 the State : and that he eould not be instructed by any Lodge. For 
 these and other reasons not necessary to be enumerated, resolutions 
 were introduced into the Grand Loljre, at the Annual Communication 
 in June, 1848, amendatory of the Constitution, the effect of which 
 would be to deprive all the Past Masters, except the junior one in each 
 Lodge, of the right to vote, although still permitted to retain their 
 seats, and take part i.: the deliberations of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 The Past Masters, or a large number of them, attached to the Lodges 
 in the city of New York, opposed the proposed amendments, on the 
 ground, principally, that according to the original Charter of the Grand 
 Lodge, granted by the Grand Lodge of England, under the Grand 
 Mastership ot the Duke of Athol, in 1781, constituting the Provincial 
 Grand Lodge of New Y r ork, Past Masters were allowed certain inalien- 
 able rights, which no other power could, at any subsequent period, 
 deprive them of; and that the proposed change would be a violation of 
 those vested rights. 
 
 To this it is answered, that if such a right had been guaranteed to 
 Past Masters by the charter of 1781 (which is denied), that it was in 
 contravention of the ancient Constitutions, which did not recognize 
 Past Masters as members of the Grand Lodge at all ; and, besides, 
 that the Grand Lodge of England had no power, under any circum- 
 stances, to control the action of those who should come after them 
 forever, and render permanent an 1 unchangeable every provision which 
 their own caprice might lead them to insert in the charter; and, fur- 
 ther, that the warrant granted by the Grand Lodge of England 
 expressly provided that it should continue of force only so long as due 
 obedience was paid to the source from which it emanated. That in 
 1785 a Masonic Constitution was formed for the Fraternity of the State 
 of New York as an independent fraternity, and for the Grand Lodgo 
 as an independent Grand Lodge. That doubts having been afterwards 
 expressed, whether the Grand Lodge was or should be held under the 
 Provincial Grand Warrant, a committee was appointed on the subject, 
 who reported that the Grand Lodge of New York was established upon 
 a Constitution formed by tue representatives of regular Lodges; which 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 307 
 
 report was adopted by the Grand Lodge, thus declaring that their 
 rights as a Grand Lodge did not depend upon the charter granted by 
 the Grand Lodge of England; but upon a Constitution formed by the 
 representatives of the Lodges, subsequent to the separation of the 
 colonies from the Crown of Great Hritain. 
 
 . By the Constitution of the Grand Lodge of New York any amend- 
 ment, to be effective, must be adopted at two successive Annual Com- 
 munications, unless in addition to the adoption at one Communication 
 it shall receive the affirmative votes of a majority of the Subordinate 
 Lodges. The amendments in question were adopted by a large majority 
 of the Grand Lodge at the Annual Communication in June, 1848, and 
 were sent for confirmation or rejection to the Lodges. At the Quarterly 
 Communication in March, 1849, a series of resolutions was offered by 
 R. \V. Isaac Phillips, P. D. G. M., condemning the proposed amend- 
 ments, and declaring them unconstitutional and revolutionary ; and that 
 their adoption, either by the Grand Lodge or by a vote of the Lodges, 
 would be void and of no force. The Deputy Grand Master presiding, 
 refused to put the question, on the ground that it was unconstitutional 
 for the Grand Lodge to act at a Quarterly Communication on any 
 matter which interested the whole body. An appeal was taken fiom 
 his decision, which was sustained and the resolutions adopted. 
 
 At the Annual Communication in June, 1849, there was a large at- 
 tendance of members, both from the city and country. The Grand 
 Lodge was opened in ample form, the Grand Master, John D. Willard, 
 in the Chair. The Grand Secretary, before calling the Lodges, an- 
 nounced officially that the amendments to the Constitution, proposed at 
 the previous Annual Communication, had been adopted by a majority 
 of the Lodges. This announcement produced a scene of confusion and 
 uproar of the most disgraceful character, and utterly unbecoming Ma- 
 sons, some of whom had been distinguished for their high standing, 
 intelligence, and praiseworthy devotion to the interests of the Frater- 
 nity. Order having been partially restored, the roll of the Lodges was 
 called, when it appeared that seventy-six Lodges were represented. 
 The Grand Master then proceeded to read his annual address, but was 
 interrupted by a call for the reading of the minutes of the preceding 
 Quarterly Communication, and another scene of confusion and disorder 
 ensued. The Grand Master made continued efforts to restore order, 
 but without success. The gavel ha'! lost its controlling influence. He 
 then caiued the Ratal of Order to bo read; but this had no effect in 
 stilling the tempest. After some time, the Grand Master Orutt and 
 
36Q UlSToRY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 stated that, for the sake of conciliation and harmony, he would overlook 
 the gross insult which had been offered to himself and the Grand Lodge, 
 and would cause the minutes first to be read. This was done, and the 
 Grand Master delivered his annual address, in which he took occasion 
 to communicate officially to the Grand Lodge the fact of the adoption 
 of the amendments to the Constitution. 
 
 As soon as he had closed, P. D. G. M. Isaac Phillips arose and in- 
 quired of the Grand Master if he had stated that the amendments to 
 the Constitution were binding on the Grand Lodge. The Grand Mas- 
 ter replied in the affirmative, when Brother Phillips, assuming an 
 elevated position, loudly said, "then I pronounce that the Grand Lodge 
 of the State of New York is dissolved." The Grand Master called 
 him to order, but he proceeded to address those who were opposed to 
 the amendments, calling upon them to assist him in organizing a 
 Grand Lodge, nominating R. W. William Willis as chairman. Brother 
 Willis api roached the East, mounted the platform on which the Grand 
 Master was seated, and claimed to assume the post as chairman. Re- 
 peated efforts were made bv the Grand Master to restore order, but 
 without effect. Brother Willis called upon the Grand Secretary to call 
 the roll of Lodges, which he refused to do. A Brother present called 
 over the roll from a list which he had in his possession, when twenty- 
 three persons answered, who claimed to be the representatives of Lodges, 
 being less than one-fourth of the Lodges in the State, and less than 
 one-third of the Lodges then represented. These individuals proceeded, 
 in presence of the Grand Lodge, and in disregard to the Grand Master, 
 who still retained his seat, to form an irregular and clandestine body, 
 calling itself the Grand Lodge of New York, and electing officers viva 
 voce. Brother Willis then moved an adjournment until the next even- 
 ing, at 8 o'clock. The Grand M aster rose, and in a loud voice reminded 
 those present that the Grand Lodge was not about to adjourn, but would 
 proceed with its business. After some time, the Grand Lodge adjourned 
 in the usual form to the next morning at 9 o'clock, the Grand Master 
 and other Grand officers having, during all the other preceding scenes, 
 retained their seats, and worn the jewels and emblems of their respect- 
 ive offices. The Grand Lodge continued its sessions from day to day 
 until the 11th of June, transacting much important business, when it 
 was closed in ample form, having first expelled several of the refractory 
 members from all the rights and privileges of Freemasonry. 
 
 Thus have your committee, in as concise a manner as possible, given 
 a, condensed view of this most unfortunate and much to be deplored 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 269 
 
 transaction ; one which not only seriously affects the Masonic standing 
 of Brethren who have been heretofore favorably known for their Ma- 
 sonic worth and devotion for many years to the interests of the Craft, 
 but to a greater or less extent operating injuriously upon the whole 
 Fraternity, and affording an opportunity for the profane to triumph at 
 the dissensions existing among those who profess the Strongest attach- 
 ment to g< od order and decorum, and one of the cardinal virtues of 
 whose faith is brotherly love. 
 
 It may n< t, perhaps, be properly within the province of your com- 
 mittee to give an opinion as to the merits of the question which 
 produced such deplorable results, or the expediency of a change of regu- 
 lations which had o long existed with' ut detriment to the interests of 
 the Craft, and which in our owu Grand Lodge have been found 
 eminently beneficial. They will, tlierelore, only express their surprise 
 that any number of intelligent Masons should fo r a moment claim for 
 Past Masters an inherent and vested right to membership for life in the 
 Grand Lodge, when it is beyond all contradiction certain that the An- 
 cient Constitutions and usages uot only did not confer such privileges, 
 but did not recognize them as members of the Grand Lodge at all, the 
 Ancient Grund Lodge being exclus vely ouirposed of the Grand Officers, 
 Past Ghaod Officers, and Masters and Wardens of Lodges. Past Mas- 
 ters are members of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, not by virtue 
 of any "inherent right," but by election of the Grand Lodge, on a 
 written application, two-thirds of the votes of the members present 
 being necessary to their election, besides the annual payment of dues; 
 a neglect to pay which, for one year, works a forfeiture of membership. 
 
 It is preposterous to suppose that a Grand Lodge has not the power 
 to change its Constitution, in accordance with the provisions of the in- 
 strument itself, provided there be no violation of the ancient landmarks; 
 much less can a simple announcement from the chair, of the adoption 
 of a proposed amendment, or its actual adoption by the Grand Lodge, 
 produce a dissolution of the body. If an unconstitutional amendment 
 should be adopted, or the rights of members infringed by a deprivation 
 of their franchise, revolution is not the proper mode of redress. An 
 earnest appeal should be made to the justice of brethren, which, if dis- 
 regarded, would warrant a resort to such legal measures as will procure 
 a restoration of such rights. And even supposing that the Grand 
 Lodge of New York had lost its existence, or from any cause whatever 
 become dissolved, no other Graud Lodge could be organized but by a 
 24 
 
370 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 convention held for the purpose, composed of delegates from all the 
 Subordinate Lodges. 
 
 In conclusion, your committee submit for the consideration of the 
 Grand Lodge the following resolutions : 
 
 1st. Resolved, That the Grand Lodge of South Carolina have learned 
 with deep regret of the unfortunate schism that has taken place in the 
 Grand Lodge of New York, and earnestly recommend to the erring 
 brethren* return to the principles of brotherly love, and a proper sub- 
 mission to the constituted authorities, so that peace and harmony may 
 be restored, and confusion and anarchy be no longer suffered to exist 
 among members of the Craft. 
 
 2d. Resolved, That we fully recognize as the only legitimate Grand 
 Lodge in the State of New York, that of which the M. W. John D. 
 Willard is Grand Master; and the R. \Y. Robert R. Boyd is Grjnd 
 Secretary; that we will continue to hold fraternal communication with 
 that body, and with no other claiming similar authority in that State. 
 
 3d. Resolved, That the Subordinate Lodges under this jurisdiction 
 be enjoined to exercise the strictest scrutiny in the examination of 
 visitors hailing from New York, inasmuch as there are now two spurious 
 bodies in that State claiming to be the Grand Lodge; one calling itself 
 the St. John's Grand Lodge, and the other claiming Isaac Phillips for 
 its Grand Master; and that they admit none but such as produce proper 
 certificates emanating from the Grand Lodge, recognized in the second 
 resolution . 
 
 The report was unanimously adopted. 
 
 The Grand Master presented the Grand Lodge with a copy of the 
 English "Book of Constitutions," of the edition of the year 1767, 
 which was ordered to be bound, and always to be kept on the Grand 
 Master's pedestal during the sessions of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Bro. A. G. Mackey having in this year commenced the publication 
 of a monthly Masonic journal, entitled "The Southern and Western 
 Masonic Miscellany," which was the first, and up to this time the only, 
 Masonic periodical ever published in the State, it was recommended by 
 the Grand Lodge to the patronage of the Subordinate Lodges. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 4th of December, 1849. The 
 Master of Lodge No. 1, having stated that in October, a petition for 
 initiation in that Lodge had been referred to a committee as usual, and 
 that in December, before the committee had reported, a motion had 
 been made to ask for a dispensation from the Grand Lodge to enable 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA, 
 
 371 
 
 the petition to be withdrawn without a ballot, then enquired if it was 
 competent for the Grand Lodge to grant such dispensation. In reply, 
 the Grand Master, with the concurrence of the Grand Lodge, referred 
 hi.n to Rule XIX, Section 8, of the Rules and Regulations of the 
 Grand Lodge, and informed him that no such dispensation could be 
 granted, as a withdrawal of a petition would be considered as equivalent 
 to a rejection. 
 
 A communication was received from the Grand Lodge of the District 
 of Columbia proposing a Convention of Delegates from Grand Lodges 
 to ba holden at Washington, in May next, for the purpose of forming 
 a Constitution for a Supreme Grand Lodge of the United States. This 
 communication was referred to a special committee. 
 
 The Grand Lodge determined to celebrate the Festival of St. Johu 
 by an address and a ba: quet, and Dr. A. G. Mackey was elected the 
 Orator for the occasion. s 
 
 ^ Warrants of Constitution were granted to Oman Lodge No. 69, at 
 Fork Sh.als, Greenville District; Spartan Lodge No. 70, at Spartan- 
 burg C. H.; Kgeria Lodge No. 71, at Ridgeville; and St. David's 
 Lodge No. 72, at Darlington C. H. 
 
 The warrant of Recovery Lodge No. 31, at Greenville, was restored. 
 The annual election took place, and A. E. Miller was reelected 
 Grand Master. 
 
 Tne Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated. 
 Brother A. E. Miller, Grand Master elect, having been installed by 
 Brother C. M. Furman, Past Grand Mus'er, then 'proceeded to install 
 the other officers, after which an address "On the Origin of Free- 
 masonry" was delivered by Dr. A. G. Mackey, aud the celebration of 
 the day was concluded by a banquet. 
 
gfg HISTORY OF FR£EMASUNKY 
 
 CHAPTER XLIIL 
 
 THE YEAK 1850, 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1850 : 
 
 A. E. Miller, Grand Master; 
 
 J. J. Caldwell, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 Z. B. OAKES, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 Daniel Horlbeck, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Henry Reid, Grand Chaplain ; 
 
 John H. Honour, Grand Treasurer ; 
 
 Albert G. Mackey, M.D., Grand Secretary ; 
 
 Alfred Price, \ . 
 
 -o TT i senior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 E. Huchet, ) ' 
 
 ?: E s R ri, }---—• 
 
 P. K. COBURN, Grand Marshal; 
 
 T. R. Saltar, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 T. B. Swift, \ 
 
 n o txt f Grand Stewards; 
 
 G. S. Wood, J 
 
 Samuel Seyle, Grand Tiler; 
 
 Albert G. Mackey, Grand Lecturer. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 5th of March, 1850. An applica- 
 tion had been made, some time previous, for assistance in the great 
 enterprise of erecting a monument to Washington. The application 
 had been referred to a committee, who now asked to be discharged, and, 
 in consequence, the subject was dismissed. On a subsequent occasion, 
 when a call was made for aid in the purchase of Mount Vernon, the 
 Fraternity of South Carolina showed a juster appreciation of what was 
 due to the memory of their great brother. 
 
 The Grand Lodge adopted a report from the committee to whom the 
 proposition for a General Grand Lodge had been referred, which was 
 adverse to the project. 
 
 A new regulation was adopted, that "all ballotings for candidates 
 and trials of brethren should take place in the third degree." 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 373 
 
 A warrant was granted to Strict Observance Lodge No. 73, in the 
 city of Charleston. 
 
 The commissions of the Grand Treasurer on all rents collected by 
 him were reduced from 7 J to 5 per cent. 
 
 Special Communication on the 14th of March, 1850. It was called 
 on account of the death of the Hon. John James Caldwell, Deputy 
 Grand Master, who died at his residence in Columbia ou the llth inst. 
 A tribute of respect was paid to his memory iu the unanimous adoption 
 of a suitable preamble and resolutions. I had the honor and the 
 pleasure of a long acquaintance with him, and can truly repeat, after this 
 interval of many years, what I then said in the moment of grief, that 
 he was well skilled in the mysteries of the Craft, and that his love of 
 Masonry kept pace with his knowledge of its principles. Amiable in 
 deportment, and accomplished in intellect, his virtues adorned, as his 
 wisdom instructed, the Fraternity. 
 
 Special Communication on the 25th of April, 1850. John C. Cal- 
 houn, the distinguished statesman of South Carolina, having died in 
 the city of Washington , his remains were brought to Charleston to be 
 there interred. A large civil and military procession, the largest per- 
 haps ever known in Charleston, was organized to receive the body on 
 its arrival at the wharf and to conduct it to the City Hall, where it was 
 to remain in state until the next day. The Grand Lodge, like every 
 other society in the city, had accepted the invitation to take part in 
 the ceremony. On this occasion the record informs us that the Grand 
 Lodge was not opened in the third but in the first degree, nor was 
 the procession formed in funeral order, because Mr. Calhoun was not a 
 Mason, and his remains were not, therefore, entitled to the funeral 
 honors of the Order. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 4th of June, 1850. A Mason 
 living in Georgia preferred charges against a member of one of the 
 city Lodges. The charges were made to the Grand Lodge, but that 
 body refusing to take immediate jurisdiction, referred them for trial to 
 the Lodge of which the accused was a member. 
 
 Quarterly Communication ou the 3d of September, 1850. Accord- 
 ing to the Constitution which had lately been adopted, no one could 
 act as the proxy of a Subordinate Lodge unless he were a member of 
 the Grand Lodge, nor could any member be the proxy of more than 
 one Lodge at a time. But as the Lodges were now rapidly increasing, 
 it was fouud that there were hardly members enough in the Grand 
 
374 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Lodge to give to eadb'Lcdge a separate proxy. A new regulation was, 
 therefore, now adopted, which permitted a member to represent two 
 Lodges. To this regulation, which concentrated much power in the 
 hands of the fortunate possessors of the proxies, giving to eacu one 
 two votes besides his own as a member, much opposition was made at 
 the time by the minority, and at the very next Communication an un- 
 successful effort was made to restore the old regulation. The opposition 
 thus aroused in the minority, may be considered as the commencement 
 of that reformation, which some years afterwards was consummated in 
 the total abolition of the proxy system. 
 
 The difficulty and expense attending the burial of persons, and es- 
 pecially strangers, in the church yards of the city, and the very general 
 objection that was beginning to be excited against intra-mural inter- 
 ment, had led to the organization of a Company, and the establishment 
 of "Magnolia Cemetery" in the suburbs of 'Charleston. Lots in this 
 burying-ground were disposed of at moderate rates, and several socie- 
 ties as well as individuals had availed themselves of the advantages 
 thus offered, and had become the purchasers of burial lots in the 
 grounds of the cemetery. The Masonic Benevolent Society, an asso- 
 ciation not under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge, although 
 consisting of Master Masons, who were members of city Lodges, had 
 directed its attention to this matter, and sent a letter to the Grand 
 Lodge, in which the propriety of purchasing one or more lots in the 
 Magnolia Cemetery for a Masonic burial ground was brought to its 
 notice, and the request was made, that the Grand Lodge would bring 
 the subject to the view of the Subordinate Lodges. The Grand Lodge 
 accordingly recommended the object to the consideration of its Subor- 
 dinates as one worthy of their patronage. Nothing was immediately 
 done, but it will hereafter be seen that fortuitous circumstances subse- 
 quently enabled the Fraternity to make the purchase, and to acquire in 
 this beautiful cemetery a resting-place for sojourning brethren who 
 might die in the city. 
 
 A warrant was granted to Washington Lodge No. 74, at Midway, in 
 Abbeville District. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 3d of December, 1850. This 
 being the constitutional night for the election of Grand Officers, 
 Brother A. E. Miller was reelected Grand Master. 
 
 Special Communication on the 16th of December, 1850. Tlrs was 
 an interesting Communication, and the proper mode of observing a 
 particular ritualistic ceremony was made the subject of a warm and 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 375 
 
 protracted debate. Unfortunately, the topic that then engaged the 
 attention of :he Grand Lodge is so intimately connected with the 
 esoteric usages of the Order, that I am precluded from speaking of it 
 with that perspicuity which would secure its thorough comprehension. 
 The circumstances can only be alluded to. At a meeting in November 
 of one of the Lodges of the city, the greater part of whose members 
 were Israelites, the Grand Master being present, an attempt was made, 
 aud subsequently persisted in, (the Grand Master having retired after 
 a solemn protest,) to invest the candidate with the obligations of duty 
 in the first degree, while in a posture that was entirely at variance with 
 the ancient usage. The reason assigned was, that a Jew is not per- 
 mitted to perform a religious ceremony in any other posture than a 
 standing one. The Grand Master reported the affair to the Grand 
 Lodge at the Quarterly Communication in December, when it was re- 
 ferred to a committee, who made their report at this Communication. 
 The report of the committee, which of course was verbal, was, that the 
 ceremony alluded to could not be looked upon in the light of a reli- 
 gious one, and even if it were, as it constituted a part of the ritual 
 always piacticed in this aud every other jurisdiction, and was necessary 
 to be performed on account of its symbolic character and meaning, it 
 could not under any circumstances be omitted, or in the slightest degree 
 altered, but that the usual form of administering the OB. must be 
 strictly observed. In these views the Grand Lodge concurred, and the 
 Lodge was directed to abandon the innovation and to return to the 
 ancient usage. It is but fair to say, that when this decree was com- 
 municated to the Lodge, it at once yielded obedience and submitted to 
 a change in its customs in this respect, nor has any difficulty since 
 occurred on the subject. 
 
 Bro. Daniel Horlbeck, who at the last Communication had been 
 elected Deputy Grand Master, having declined to serve, a new election 
 was held, and Bro. Edgar W. Charles was elected in his place. 
 
 Warrants were granted to Union Lodge No. 75, at Unionville, and 
 Landmark Lodge No. 76, at Charleston. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated. The 
 Grand Master elect having been installed by Bro. C. M. Furman, Past 
 Grand Master, then proceeded to install such of the other officers as 
 were present. 
 
 On assuming the chair, the Grand Master addressed the Grand 
 Lodge on the prosperous conditiou of the Order. Iu the course of his 
 remarks he took occasion to regret that the Lodges iu other parts of 
 
376 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 the State did not each send at least one of their representatives to the 
 Communications of the Grand Lodge, as "by so doing the Craft would 
 have a more direct voice in the government of the whole body than 
 they now have by the use of proxies," which system he admitted did 
 "but place the management of the Grand Lodge in the hands of a 
 few." The proxy system was indeed beginning to totter when we find 
 it thus characterized by a venerable presiding officer. The time of its 
 fall was not far distant. 
 
 The celebration of the day was concluded, as usual, by a banquet, 
 but there was uo address. 
 
LN T SOUTH CAROLINA. 377 
 
 CHAPTER XLIV. 
 
 THE YEAR 1851. 
 
 Offic RS of the Grand Lodge for the \ ear 1851 : 
 
 A. R. MlLLER, Grand Master; 
 
 E. W. Ch\RLES, Deputy Grain/ Master; 
 
 W. A. Clevkland, Senior Gram/ Wan/en; 
 
 Alfred Price, Junior Gram/ Warden; 
 
 THOS. S. ARTHUR, Grand Chaplain; 
 
 John H. Honour, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 Albert G. Mackey, M.D., Grand Secretary; 
 
 H. S. Rice, > . 
 
 „ m r senior Grand Deacons; 
 
 E. Thayer, ) 
 
 John A. Gyles, \ . 
 . T [Junior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 A. Isaacs, ) 
 
 S. J. Hull, Grand Marshal; 
 
 T. R. Saltar, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 W. A. Gourdin, ) 
 
 T ,, f Grand steucaids; 
 
 Lemuel Crane, ) 
 
 Samuel Seyle, Grand Tiler. 
 
 Albert G. Mackey, Grand Lecturer. 
 
 Special Communication on the 14th of February, 1851. This meet- 
 ing was called for the purpose of installing certain Grand Officers, who 
 had been absent on the constitutional day of installation. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 4th of March, 1851. A warrant 
 was granted to Mackey Lodge No. 77, at Harleesville. 
 
 The salary of the Grand Secretary was raised to four hundred dol- 
 lars. 
 
 An important measure was adopted at this Communication. It has 
 already been seen that in the year 1807 the Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 York Masons had appointed Dr. Fred. Dalcho to prepare an " Ahiman 
 Rezon," or Book of Constitutions, which should prescribe a uniformity 
 ia the usages of the Craft under its jurisdiction. Such a work was 
 accordingly compiled and published in that year, and was ad> pted as 
 the Book of Constitutions of that body, until its dissolutiou in the 
 
378 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 year 1817. When, in that year, the present Grand Lodge was formed 
 by the u'nion of the two Grand Lodges which, until then, had had a sepa- 
 rate existence and been in a condition of rivalry in the State, the old 
 Ahiman Rezon could no longer be continued in use in consequence of 
 the chatge that had taken place in many of the regulations. Accord- 
 ingly, by order of the United Grand Lodge, a new edition of the 
 Ahiman Rezon was prepared by Dr. Dalcho, and published in the 
 year 182'?. This work, not having been stereotyped, was now what is 
 technically called out of print. A great number of new Lodges bad 
 been recently constituted, and the greatest difficulty was experienced 
 by them in obtaining copies. This circumstance, together with the 
 fact that since 1822 many new regulations had been adopted, seemed 
 imperatively to call for the preparation and publication of a new edition 
 of the Ahiman Rezon. At this communication, therefore, the Grand 
 Lodge, taking these things into consideration, appointed a committee 
 consisting of all jhe Grand Officers, to revise and republish the Ahiman 
 Rezon for the use of the Lodges in the State. 
 
 The committee having met and determined on the character of the 
 work which was to be presented to the Craft, appointed Dr Albert G. 
 Mackey to edit the work and to compile and prepare it for the prpss. 
 The work having been completed during the autumn of 1851, was laid 
 by the editor before the committee, who, after a careful examination 
 of it, presented it to the Grand Lodge with the following report : 
 
 " That they have carefully examined the proposed edition of the 
 Ahiman Rezon, or Book of Constitutions, and find it to be perfectly 
 consistent with the Ancient Landmarks and Constitutions of the Order, 
 and conformable to the usages and customs of the Craft in South Caro- 
 lina. 
 
 " Your committee, therefore, recommend that the new edition of the 
 Ahiman Rezon, prepared by our Worshipful Brother, Albert G. 
 Mackey, Grand Secretary, be adopted as the Book of Constitutions of 
 this Most Worshipful Grand Lodge, and that the Grand Lodge do 
 order and direct the several Lodges under its Masonic jurisdiction to 
 adopt and use the same in all their work, and be governed by the prin- 
 ciples and regulations thereof, and by none other." 
 
 The report was accepted, and the Ahiman Rezon thus prepared was 
 adopted on the 20th of December, 1852, by the Grand Lodge, with 
 the following sanction : 
 
 " Resolved, That the Ahiman Rezon, or Book of Constitutions, pre- 
 pared by Worshipful Brother A. G. Mackey, under the sanction and 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 authority of this Grand Lodge, be, and hereby is, adopted.as the Buck 
 of Constitutions, for the use and government of this Grand Lodge and 
 the Lodges under its jurisdiction, and that they be required to use it 
 and none other." 
 
 The work was published in 1852, under the title of "The Ahiman 
 Rezori, or Book of Constitutions of the Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 Freemasons of South Carolina, with a system of Monitorial Instruc- 
 tion, adapted to the work as practiced in this jurisdiction. Compiled 
 aid arranged by the authority of the Grand Lodge, and published 
 under its sanction. Edited by Albert G. Mackey, M.D, Grand Sec- 
 retary and Grand Lecturer of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, 
 author of a 'Lexicon of freemasonry,' &c. Charleston, 1852." 
 
 Qu rterly Communication on the 3d of June, 1851 In the great 
 fire of 1 80S, the copperplate of the Masonic diploma or certificate 
 belonging to the Grand Lodge had been destroyed, and for so-, e time 
 there had been great difficulty in obtaining blank certificates, recourse 
 being generally had to coarsely printed ones. But at this Communica- 
 tion \V. L. Cleveland, to whom the duty had been entrusted, inf.irmed 
 the Grand Lodge that a form had been prepared and lithographed for 
 the use of the Grand Lodge. Unfortunately, however, the Grand 
 Lodge having allowed the furnishing of these certil'cate- to become a 
 private speculation, the stone never came into its possession, and has 
 since, 1 understand, been lost, while the copies made from it are 
 already nearly exhausted. 
 
 The Grand Lodge abolished all fees for dispensations to confer 
 degrcQS at unusual or irregular periods. 
 
 The passage of so many Americans over the isthmus of Darien, in 
 their voyage from the Atlantic States to California, gave occasion to 
 much distress and privation among these travelers, many of whom 
 were Masons. The resident brethren at Panama, as a means of re- 
 lieving this distress, had obtained from the Grand Lodge of Texas a 
 warrant for constituting a Lodge in that place, and having established 
 it as a Masonic Missionary Station, it made application to the different 
 Grand Lodges of the Union for assistance. The Grand Lodgi 
 South Carolina agreed to appropriate $25 towards that object whene\ r 
 the Subordinate Lodges in the jurisdiction should contribute .s](J0. 
 The Bum was however never contributed. 
 
 Warrants were granted tor constituting Philanthropic Lodge S 
 ;;t Vorkville, and Keowee Ledge No. 79, at Pickens C. lb 
 
 Solomon's Lodg< x . 1 having asked permission to invest its funds 
 
380 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 in its own name, the Grand Lodge declared that no action on this 
 application was necessary, as every Lodge is permitted to make such 
 investment. 
 
 Quarterly Communication ou the 2d of September, 1851. The 
 Grand Lodge adopted a regulation prescribing that all amendments to 
 the Constitution must be proposed and discussed at a regular Quarterly 
 Communication previous to the Communication in March, but should 
 not be acted on until the qu rterly meeting in that month. This was 
 adopted undoubtedly to avoid the continual habit of tinkering with the 
 Constitution, which was then apparently getting into fashion. Scarce'y 
 a meeti g took place in which some amendment (and many of them 
 were alterations rather than amendments,) was not proposed. 
 
 Another important regulation was adopted, that no Lodge should 
 initiate, pass or raise any candidate who had not resided in the State 
 for twelve consecutive months previous to his application, and in the 
 case of mariners they must have sailed from some port in the State for 
 the same length of time. 
 
 The Grand Lodge also determined that no question in that body 
 should be decided viva voce without the unanimous consent of all the 
 members present. 
 
 Warrants were granted to Calhoun Lodge No. 81, at Glenn Springs, 
 Caldwell Lodge No. 82, at Liberty Hill or Longmire's Store, and Little 
 Pee Dee Lodge No. 83, at Allen's Bridge. 
 
 Unity Lodge No. 55, at Walterboro, acting under dispensation, 
 having asked for a revival of its constitution, it was ordered that the 
 dispensation be continued until the next Quarterly Communication, and 
 that, in the meantime, the Lodge be directed to report what was the 
 amount due and the value of the property owned by the old Lodge in 
 that place. 
 
 About this time occurred an instance of pure and unobtrusive charity 
 that is well worthy of being recorded. Several of the American 
 Grand Lodges received in the year 1851, from some unknown source, 
 a contribution for the purpose of charitable disposition. The amount 
 bestowed upon the Grand Lodge of South Carolina was two hundred 
 dollars, and all that is known of the generous donor is contained in the 
 letter of his agent, who, in transmitting the draft for the amount, 
 accompanied it with the following information : 
 
 '• It is a donation from an English brother, whose name I am di- 
 rected to conceal, and by his directions $150 of it are to be appro- 
 priated by your Grand Lodge to the Chanty fund of such Subordinate 
 
IN S0U3JH CAROLINA. :;>] 
 
 Lodges as stand in need, and the residue the Grand Lodge will appro- 
 priate for the good of the Fraternity, as in its judgment is best." 
 
 Of the amount thus received, fifty dollars were at once appropriated 
 to assist in defraying the expenses of a young lady, the daughter of a 
 deceased Mason, who was at that time receiving her education at the 
 expense of the Cra!t in the State. The remainder was, on the recom- 
 mendation of the Masters of the city Lodges, appropriated to increase 
 the food then being raised for the purchase of a cemetery in which 
 brethren who might die in indigent circumstances were to bo buried. 
 The lot was by these means subsequently purchased. 
 
 Special Communication on the 22d of October, 1851. The Grind 
 Lodge was principally occupied in determining in what way the 
 approaching Festival of St John should be celebrated. The Grand 
 Master presented the Grand Lodg with a portrait of Gen. Washing- 
 ton, clothed in Masonic costume. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 2d of December, 1851. The 
 well attested records of the Lodge at Fredericksburg, in Virginia, had 
 shown that the illustrious George Washington had been initiated in 
 that Lodge on the 4th of November, 1752. A century was now soon to 
 close since that in teres tins: event had taken place, and the Craft through- 
 out the whole country had determined to demonstrate their veneration 
 for the character of the beloved Washington by celebrating the cen- 
 tennial anniversary of his initiation into our Order. The idea was a 
 popular one. It was a fitting occasion to demonstrate the love of all 
 Mas ins for the common father of their country, and to bring promi- 
 nently to the notice of the woild the intimate relationship which had 
 existed between him and the Fraternity. The Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina was uot indifferent to these feelings, and, with great unanimity, 
 it was determined that the day should be celebrated in the city by a 
 public processiou, address and banquet. The Lodges in the country 
 were requested either to unite with the Grand Lodge in the celebra- 
 tion, by sending delegates, or to celebrate it themselves in their own 
 local jurisdictions. 
 
 The warrant of the traveling Lodge which had been granted to the 
 Masons of the South Carolina regiment during the. Mexican war, 
 under the name of " Palmetto Lodge," having been lost after the 
 close of the war and the extinction of the Lodge, was found in Ala- 
 bama, and, at this Communication, restored to the Grand Lodge, in 
 whose archives it still remains. 
 
3$2 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 The warrant of Unity Lodge No. 55, at Waltcrb.ro, was ordered to 
 be restored 
 
 The Grand Master addres'ed the Gran.) Lodge, and in the course of 
 his remarks suggested as highly expedient a constant intercommunica- 
 tion with other Grand Lodges, the establishment of a school or schools 
 for the education of the orphan children of deceased Masons, and the 
 steady support of a Masonic paper or magazine. 
 
 The thanks of the Grand Lodge weie returned to Brother A. E. 
 Miller, Grand Master, for th" urbanity and dignity with which he had 
 presided over the Grand Lodge; he was elected a life member of the 
 Grand Lodge, and a committee was appointed to prepare a Past Grand 
 Master's jewel to be presented to him. 
 
 The new edition of the Alii nan liezon hiving now been finished, 
 was presented to the Grand Lodge and ad ipted by that body * 
 
 This being the constitutional night of election, the Grand Lodge 
 proceeded to the election of its officers. Brother Kdgai W. Charles, 
 of Darlington, was elected Grand Master. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated by the usual 
 banquet. There was neither procession nor address. Brother A. E. 
 Miller, Past Grand Master, installed Brother Edgar W. Charles, Grand 
 Master elect, who then installed the other offi.ers. 
 
 The jewel which had been ordered to bj prepared for presentation to 
 Brother Miller, being finished, was now presented by Brother A. G. 
 Mackey, in the name of the Grand Lodge, with a suitable address, to 
 which Brother Miller made an appropriate reply. 
 
 The condition of the Order in the State at this time was that of 
 great prosperity. The old Lodges had greatly increased the numbers of 
 their members, and many new Lodges' had been constituted. The 
 Grand Secretary iu closing his annual report felt himself authorized to 
 make the following remarks on this subject, which are here quoted as 
 a fair exposition of the state of Masonry in South Carolina at the end 
 of the year 1851 : 
 
 "In our own jurisdiction the present year has been marked with au 
 unprecedented state of prosperity in the Craft. The old Lodges have 
 been greatiy augmented in numbers, and many new ones have been con- 
 stituted. The report of the M. W. Grand Master has shown the pros- 
 
 * The sanction which was adopted at this meeting has already been given on a 
 preceding page. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 3^3 
 
 pcrous condition of the Lodges in the city. Having during the two 
 preceding yeais visited nearly every Lodge in the State, I have during 
 the past twelve months made fewer visitations than usual. But wherever 
 I have been, I have been gratified with the sight of prosperous Lodges, 
 zealous, active and intelligent masters, and with the general desire of 
 all the brotherhood, with but very rare exceptions, to increase by care- 
 ful study and persevering application their amount of Masonic know- 
 ledge. I know of no greater change in public sentiment than that 
 which is now shown by the Fraternity in the view that they are begin- 
 ning to take of the true design and object of Freemasonry. They no 
 longer consider it, as their fathers once did, as a simply social and cou- 
 vivial, or, at best, charitable society, but as a great scientific and re- 
 ligious institution, whose intention is to improve the head ad purify 
 the heart. They now begin fully and truly to appreciate that noble de- 
 finition, that 'Freemasonry is a beautiful syste :: of morality, veiled in 
 allegory and illustrated by symbols.' At the termination of a life, 
 many years of which have been spent in the arduous investigation of 
 Masonic science, I could ask no higher reward than the consciousness 
 that my humble teachings to the Fraternity of this State have been in 
 the slightest degree instrumental in advancing these elevated views of 
 the nature, the design and the ultimate object of our beloved Institu- 
 tion." 
 
38± HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER XLV. 
 
 THE YEAR 1852. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1852: 
 
 E. W. Charles, Grand Master ; 
 
 W. L. Cleveland, Deputy Gram? Mister; 
 
 ALFRED PRICE, Senior Grata/ Warden; 
 E. TlIAYER, Junior Grand Warden ; 
 E. B. Hokt, Grand Chaplain ; 
 John II. II »NOUT, Grand, Treasurer; 
 A. G. MACKEY, M.D., Grand Secretary ; 
 
 E. Bull, ) . 
 
 T ,, r Senior Grand JJearons ; 
 
 8. J. Hull, ) 
 
 f Junior Grand Deacons; 
 DWIN, I 
 
 Z. Waldron, ) 
 
 rT f Grand stewards; 
 
 IN LiERRON, ) 
 
 Alex Isaacs 
 Geo. M. Goo 
 
 J. B. FRASER, Grand Marshal ; 
 
 Lemuel Crane, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 G. Z. Waldron, 
 
 Joh 
 
 Samuel Seyle, Grand Tiler ; 
 
 A. G. MACKEY, M.D., Grand Lecturer. 
 
 Qu irteily Communication on the 2d of March, 1852. La Candeur 
 Lodge N T <> 36 svrrendered its warrant of c institution. This was a very 
 old S.odgo, winch had worked in the Modern or French Hite, and in 
 the French language. All its members were attached to the Roman 
 Church, and it is said that religious opposition had at length produced 
 its dissolution. It was, however, at a later period revived, but no 
 longer works either in the French Rite or language. Ou its dissolu- 
 tion, the small amount of funds in the treasury, alter the p: yment of 
 its debts, was appropriated by the Lodge for the payment of the affilia- 
 tion fee of several of its members into other Lodges, which occasioned 
 the Grand Lodge, on the 6th of April, to express "its disapprobation 
 of any Lodge making a distribution of its funds preparatory to surien- 
 dering its warrant, as the said lunds revert to the Graud Lodge, to be 
 held in trust until said Lodire be resuscitated." 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Special Communication on the 6th of April, 1852. A committer 
 was appointed to sele-.t and purchase one or more lots. in Magnolia 
 Cemetery, for the purpose of a Masonic hurial ground, for which pur- 
 pose the Grand Lodge, the Subordinate Lodges and the Masonic Be- 
 nevolent Society had contributed funds. 
 
 Special Communication on the 1st of June, 1852. The committee 
 Oil the Centennial Anniversary of Washington's initiation, reported the 
 form and regulations of the procession which they had adopted. As 
 the order of the procession differed from that which had always hitherto 
 been observed in this jurisdiction, it may be as well to record it here. 
 
 The Subordinate Lodges were to walk according to seniority; Junior 
 first, and the members of each in the following order: 
 
 Tiler (with his Sword). 
 
 Two Stewards (with white rods). 
 
 Entered Apprentices (two and two). 
 
 Fellow Crafts (two and two). 
 
 Master Masons (two and two). 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 Past Masters (two and two). 
 
 Junior Warden and Senior Warden (with Columns). 
 
 The Lodge Banner. 
 
 Junior Deacon. Master. Senior Deacon. 
 
 Visiting Brethren (two and two). 
 
 Masons of such of the higher degrees 
 
 as are recognized by the Grand Lodge in the 
 
 form of their respective Orders. 
 
 Music. 
 
 Grand Tiler (with Flaming Sword'). 
 
 Grand Stewards (with white Rods). 
 
 A Brother carrying one of the Orders. 
 
 F«>ur Brethren carrying the other Four Orders (two and two I. 
 
 Grand Pursuivant (with Sword of State). 
 
 Grand Secretary (with his Bag). 
 
 Grand Treasurer (with his Staff). 
 
 The Bible, Square and Compass on a crimson velvel 
 
 cushion, carried by an aged Master Mason. 
 
 supported by two Deacons, 
 
 with rode. 
 Grand Chaplain and Orator. 
 
5'5t> HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Past Grand Wardens. 
 Past Deputy Grand Masters. 
 
 Past Grand Masters. * 
 
 Junior Grand Deacons (with rods). 
 
 Senior Grand Deacons. 
 
 The Grand Lodge Banner. 
 
 Junior Grand Warden. Senior Grand Warden. 
 
 Deputy Grand Master. 
 
 The Book of Constitutions on a crimson velvet cushion, 
 
 carried by the Master of the oldest Lodge. 
 
 Grand Master. 
 
 Senior Grand Deacons. 
 
 Two Tilers (with drawn Swords). 
 
 The various standards (Faith, Hope, Charity, Wisdom, Strength and 
 Beauty,) were to be distributed among the Brethren. Brethren who 
 walked with their Lodges, were particularly requested to wear black 
 clothes, white gloves, and white lambskin (or leather) aprons, without 
 ornament. Those Brethren in possession of any of the higher degrees, 
 recognized by the Grand Lodge, might (if they walked with their 
 Lodges,) wear the Ribbon and Jewel of any of the said degrees, sus- 
 pended from the button hole of their coats. 
 
 The Grand Marshal and his Assistants were to attend on horseback 
 and wear cocked hats. The former was to be clothed in the uniform 
 of the Grand Lodge, and the latter in lambskin (or white leather) 
 aprons, with a blue silk scarf from the left shoulder, across the breast 
 to the right hip. 
 
 These regulations were strictly observed on the day of the cele- 
 bration. 
 
 The Grand Lodge refused to permit one of the Lodges to reduce the 
 annual dues of its members from two dollars to one, but, on the con- 
 trary, directed that they should be raised to three dollars. This was 
 in accordance with a regulation which had some short time before been 
 adopted, by which no Lodge was permitted to charge a less amount of 
 annual dues than three dollars per annum. But as it was found that 
 this was a needless interference with the local administration of each 
 Lodge, the regulation was subsequently repealed. 
 
 An interesting and at the time a rather exciting question of Masonic 
 jurisprudence attracted, at this period, the attention of the Grand 
 Lodge. During the present year, the Grand Master, who resided in 
 
IN" SOUTH CAROLINA. 3S7 
 
 the country, \v;is very seldom in the city, and his distance from it made 
 it inconvenient to apply to him for dispensations to confer decrees in 
 what, has always been most incorrectly called "cases of emergency." 
 Under the circumstances the Deputy Grand .Master, who resided in the 
 city, undertook to exercise the dispensing authority himself, and to 
 grant dispensations in such cases, justifying liims If by the 6th Regu- 
 lation, which said that "the Deputy Grand Master, in the absence of 
 the Grand Master, shall preside in his place and perforin such duties 
 and possess such authority as appertain to the Grand Master." The 
 word "absence" he interpreted as meaning absence from the city, 
 which was the seat of the Graud Lodge. Several of the officers of the 
 Grand Lodge had denied the correctness of this interpretation, and on 
 the Master of Landmark Lodge applying to the Grand Secretary to 
 know if he would affix the seal of the Graud Lodge to such a dispensa- 
 tion granted by the Deputy Grand Master, that officer, believing that 
 the Deputy Graud Master possessed no suet dispensing power, had de- 
 clined to do so. At this Communication, therefore, the Master of 
 Landmark Lodge presented a petition to the Grand Lodge, requesting 
 that bifey " to inform him in what cases the Deputy Grand Master has 
 the power to grant dispensations to confer degrees." 
 
 In answer to this request a motion was made by Bro. John A. Gyles, 
 to the effect "that in the opinion of this Grand Lodge the Deputy 
 Grand Master has no right to grant dispensations while the Grand Mas- 
 ter is in the State and alive." This resolution was, on motion of the 
 Grand Secretary, referred to a committee cousistiug of the Grand Offi- 
 cers and the Past Grand Masters. 
 
 This committee, of which Brother C M. Furman, Past Grand Mas- 
 ter, was the chairman, gave the important subject due consideration, 
 a;;d did not make their report until the 1st of March in the ensuing 
 year. But, in view of the necessary connection with the subject, I 
 shall not hesitate to anticipate the order of events, and give that well 
 wiitten report now iiiBtead of severing it from the initiatory circum- 
 stances to which we arc indebted for its origin. The answer should 
 speedily follow the question. The report is, therefore, in the following 
 word~; : 
 
 "This resolution being referred without instructions, your committee 
 have ooQBidered themselves authorized to consider the subject in con- 
 nection with several collateral questions. 
 
 " And. lii.-t, as to the manner in which this subject was brought to 
 the aitcutiou of the Graud Lod 6j a petition was presented by a uieui- 
 
;;s.s HISTORY OE FREEMASONRY 
 
 ber in his own behalf, requesting the Grand Lodge to declare in what 
 cases the R. W. Deputy Grand Master has the power to grant dispen- 
 sations to confer degrees. Your committee regard this as a uovel 
 procedure, and one calculated to lead to injurious consequences if 
 permitted to stand as a precedent ; and, with a view of establishing 
 what is the proper course of procedure in matters requiring the action 
 of the Grand Lodge, we proceed to submit the following observa- 
 tions : 
 
 " The Grand Lodge acts cither in a judicial, a legislative or an 
 administrative capacity, and business requiring its action must be pre- 
 sented in a form appropriate to that class of powers which it is pro- 
 posed to call into exercise. Where the judicial power of the Grand 
 Lodge is applied to, whether original or appellate, a case must be made 
 or some transaction must have occurred which should be regularly set 
 forth in the form of a petition, or other similar proceeding, and the 
 judgment of the Grand Lo^ge called for; which judgment is to have 
 an actual operation upon some party or parties to such transaction, or 
 upon the transaction itself, reversing, modifying or confirming it But 
 no court of justice will entertain a petition for advice upon a point of 
 law, however convenient it may be to parties to obtain such opinion, 
 nor would the opinion of a court obtained in that way be regarded as 
 authority; it would be merely obiter dictum, having no other authority 
 than the respect that might be felt for the opinions of the individuals 
 who concur in it. Not only will a court of justice refuse to entertain 
 a petition for their opinion upon a point of law, but they will refuse to 
 try a feigned issue voluntarily made up by parties where there is no 
 real case involved; courts act only on real cases, not on abstract princi- 
 ples ; they decide cases by applying rules and principles to facts or 
 circumstances which have actually occurred. It is equally irregular to 
 apply by petition to a Legislative body to construe laws which they 
 have passed. To construe the law is the business of the Judiciary, to 
 be performed when cases are properly presented. No Legislative body 
 will entertain a petition to determine the construction of an act that 
 has been passed. A petition to alter the existing law, may, in somo 
 cases, be considered, but not one to determine the meaning of that 
 law ; that, as we have before said, is the business of the Judiciary, 
 and even a declaratory act is little more than the establishment of a 
 new rule for the future. It will be seen from the considerations pre- 
 sented that your committee are of the opinion that the resolution 
 referred to them is liable to objection, as well as the petition to which it 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. :;v.» 
 
 refers, and that neither presents the subject iu a ibnn properly cogni- 
 zable by the Grand Lodge. 
 
 " As, however, it was probably the intention of the mover of the 
 resolution, and would comport with the views of the Grand Lodge, that 
 the resolution should be regarded as a directum to your committee to 
 enquire into the expediency of providing, by additional rules, for the 
 vesting of additional powers in the Deputy Grand Master, your com- 
 mittee have concluded so to construe it and to submit it to the Grand 
 Lodge to accept or decline to receive their report accordingly. Iu pur- 
 suing this enquiry the first question is what are the powers of the 
 Deputy Grand Master? The words of the rule arc 'In the |f)scncc of 
 the Grand Master' he shall perform his duties, aud it is therefore 
 essential to determine what is the meaning of the word absence. The 
 word is capable of several constructions, as 1st, absence from the place 
 where auy official act is to be performed; 2d, absence from some place 
 supposed to be connected with the official position of Grand Master ; 
 3d, absence from his official jurisdiction, viz : the limits of the State. 
 
 "We will briefly examine each of these circumstances. As to the 
 first — if the absence referred to in the rules, means absence from the 
 place where any act is to be performed, then in most cases there will 
 be no one who can exercise the powers of the Grand Master ; for the 
 rule disabling the Grand Master, in case of absence, also disables any 
 other officer who is to represent him on the same ground. To illus- 
 trate — suppose some Masonic act, as the conferring of two degrees at 
 one Communication, for which a dispensation is required, is about to 
 be performed at the Pendleton Lodge, neither the Grand Master, the 
 Deputy Grand Master, the Grand Wardens, nor any Past Grand 
 Officer is present, then all being absent, they are all disabled, and no 
 one can perform the act. For it would be absurd to say, that (the 
 rule being uniform) the objection of absence can apply to one officer 
 and not to another. We hold it then, obvious, that the first mode of 
 construction referred to, is not the true interpretation of the rule; aud 
 we would add here that, when the rule provides that iu the absence of 
 one officer, another is to perform his duty during that absence, the 
 former is incapacitated. 
 
 "The second construction that may be put on the word abtena i-, 
 absence from some place supposed to be connected with the official 
 position of Grand Master. This construction is predicated upon the 
 .i-Munption that the Grand Master is required to reside at some par- 
 ticular place. Wc look iu vain cither to the aucieut constitutions or 
 
390 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 to our own rules, for any sucli requisition ; Masonic practice has been 
 inconsistent with any such regulation, particularly in England. The 
 office of Grand Master of Masons is a personal trust and confidence ; 
 it attaches to the individual, not to his location or place of residence. 
 And the opinion that whenever he is absent from a particular location 
 he ceases to be Grand Master, and is divested of his powers and duties, 
 is at war with all Masonic precedent and usage. The location which 
 is referred to by those who sustain the opinion we are now discussing 
 is Charleston ; and the necessary consequence of the opinion they 
 hold, the corollary from it, is that no Grand Master can exercise the 
 powers of Grand Master, but while he is actually in Charleston. That 
 this is a correct inference from their opinion, we think can hardly be 
 questioned. For, if absence in rule 6th means absence from Charles- 
 ton, as contended for, then, by the terms of rule 4th, the Deputy 
 succeeds to the place of the Grand Master, and is declared to possess 
 the powers of Grand Master; and, as when the latter is present, no one 
 can exercise his powers, so when the Deputy succeeds to the authority, 
 he has it as amply as the Grand Master had it, and no other can exer- 
 cise it. To contend otherwise, would not only set f=side the express 
 words of the rule, but would also establish the anomaly of two Grand 
 Masters with plenary powers existing in one jurisdiction, at one. and 
 the same time.; which, we presume, none will directly contend for. 
 But let us look at some of the consequences of the construction we are 
 now examining. If absence, means absence from Charleston then even 
 where the Grand Master is present out of Charleston he can exercise 
 no powers, he is divested of authority. Take the case of the late 
 Grand Master. He is a resident of Darlington, and member of the 
 Lodge there; should occasion have arisen under his personal notice 
 there, he could not, on account of his absence from Charleston, grant 
 a dispensation, but he would have been required to defer to the action 
 of an inferior officer, in his very presence. But further, the Grand 
 Lodge has it in its power to elect non-residents of Charleston to all the 
 presiding offices; in such case not one of them could exercise the 
 powers of Grand Master, but they would devolve on some Past Grand 
 officer, or be in abeyance. 
 
 "The third construction to be placed on the word absence in the 
 sixth rule is absence from the jurisdiction or from the State. This 
 the committee considers to be the truo and reasonable meaning of the 
 rule. The Grand Master, when he is installed and proclaimed, is 
 installed and proclaimed as the Graud Master of Masons in South 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 3'Jl 
 
 Carolina — not over a part of the State, or over a portion of Masons in 
 the State, but over the whulc State, and over all the Masons of the 
 State His jurisdiction is over every part and portion of the State. 
 Wherever he goes within the State his authority abides within him. 
 As he is Grand Master over the whole State, he is not out of place in 
 any part of the State, lie loses no dignity or authority by being in 
 one part of his jurisdiction, instead of being in another part of it. 
 And we, without fear of contradiction, aver that there is nothing in 
 the rules of the Grand Lodge, or in Masonic usage or precedent, which 
 declares that one part of the State or of the jurisdiction, is more 
 worthy or to be preferred over any other portion of the State or juris- 
 diction. It may be as is urged, that as there are a number of Lodges 
 in Charleston, where the exercise of the powers of the Grand Master 
 may be frequently needed, it is important that such construction be 
 given to the rule as would euable an officer, resident in Charleston, 
 always to exercise the powers of Grand Master. But there is nothing 
 in the rule which requires the Deputy to be a resident of Charleston, 
 and the argument fails on that ground. It is evident also that this 
 argument would lead to a very unsafe practice in the constructing of 
 laws. To make positive rules bend by construction, to what may be 
 the varying, and sometimes conflicting views of general convenience, 
 which a majority may entertain, would lead to most mischievous 
 results. Nor are wo of opinion that great facility in obtaining dispen- 
 sations is of benefit to the Lodges. The power of granting dispensa- 
 tions, like the power of pardon, may be abused, and too great facility 
 in obtaiuing dispensations leads to loose and careless habits in con- 
 ducting the business of the Lodges. Kules which have been adopted 
 by the Fraternity, after full consideration, should not be lightly set 
 aside by the dispensing power. On the contrary, the subjecting parties 
 to some delay or inconvenience, who seek to be relieved from the con- 
 sequences of neglect, or from the control of regulations which in 
 general govern, is, in some degree, a protection to the Fraternity 
 from an indifferent or careless performance of Masonic duties. Wo 
 have another objection to any construction other than that we con- 
 tended for, and would be opposed to it if it came in the form of a 
 proposition to amend the rules. It is that by such construction the 
 members of the Fraternity of the State, resident out of Charleston, 
 would be disfranchised and reduced to a state of inferiority to those 
 resident in Charleston. This is so unjust in itself, so much at variance 
 with the principle? ami practice of nur Order, that wc think few could 
 
-jy-j HISTOllY 01' FREEMASONRY 
 
 be found to advocate the proposition ; we should hope none. But we 
 look upon an attempt to engraft such a feature upon our system by 
 construction, and thus effect, indirectly, what could not be attempted 
 openly, as liable to still greater objection, and more offensive and unjust 
 to the members of the Fraternity out of the city. 
 
 "Your committee have not attempted to enter into a full discussion 
 of this subject. They have contented themselves with merely present- 
 ing some of the views and illustrations which more readily occur, in 
 considering the matter; nor have they referred to the powers possessed 
 by the Grand Masters of delegating authority, out of which the office 
 of Deputy Grand Master originated; nor to the distinction between 
 his ministerial duties and his discretionary and judicial powers. A full 
 examination of the subject would lead to some discussion of the latter 
 topics; but enough has been stated to explain the views of the commit- 
 tee, and, we believe, to sustain the conclusion to which we have come, 
 viz: that the Deputy caunot exercise the powers of Grand Master while 
 that officer is withiu his jurisdiction (the State), and that it is inexpe- 
 dient to make any alteration of the rules." 
 
 The Grand Lodge was fully impressed with the importance of the 
 tjuestions agitated in this report, aud did not, therefore, proceed at 
 once to their final adjudication. But the subject being postponed from 
 time to time, it was not until the 3d of January, 1854, at a special Com- 
 munication called for that purpose, that the report, having been fully 
 discussed, was finally adopted, and the law settled that in South Caro- 
 lina the Deputy Grand Master has no power of granting dispensations 
 bo long as the Grand Master is in any part of the jurisdiction. 
 
 The committee on the Cemetery reported that they had purchased a 
 Masonic burial ground for 8450. The Grand Officers aud Masters of 
 the city Lodges were appointed a committee to draft rules for its gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 7th of September, 1852. A war- 
 rant of constitution was granted to Keowee Lodge No. 79, at Pickens 
 Court House. 
 
 A report of a committee euuuciating some remarkable points of Ma- 
 sonic law was adopted at this Communication. The circumstances 
 which led to the report were as follows: A candidate had received the 
 iirst degree in one of the Subordinate Lodges. Subsequently the second 
 and third were conferred upon him at one Communication. A member 
 who was opposed to his advancement, because he believed him to be 
 disqualified, demanded on each of these degrees a ballot, which was re- 
 
IX SOUTH CAKOLINA. 393 
 
 fused by the Lodge. On this, lio appealed to the Grand Lodge, and 
 the committee, to whom the subject was referred, reported that the 
 conferring of two degrees at one Communication was irregular. The 
 committee, however, did not sustain the special complaint of the ap- 
 pellant that his demand for a ballot on the second and third degrees 
 was not granted. The committee say, "we do not cousider it the right 
 of a member to require such ballot, though it is competent for the 
 Lodge to order a ballot, and, if cause be shewn, it is perhaps the best 
 practice to resort to the ballot. But after an applicant has had a de- 
 gree conferred upon him, he stands in a different relation to the ! ra- 
 teniity from that of a mere stranger. He is, in fact, admitted into the 
 Order, and has acquired some rights which must be respected by the 
 rest of the brethren." This, it is true, was but the expression of an 
 opinion, and the adoption of the report did not, therefore, as it was not 
 embodied in the form of a resolution, make it law. And, in fact, the 
 usage io three-fourths of the Lodges of this State, and all the Lodges 
 in America, as well as the ancient usage in England, have settled the 
 question that a ballot should be taken on each degree.* The committee 
 could not have well considered the nature and object of a Mason : c bal- 
 lot when they recommended that recourse should be had to it only when 
 Cause was shown, Such a proceeding would, of course, at once destroy all 
 pretensions to that secrecy and independence which constitute the very 
 essence of the ballot iu Masonry. The appeal, however, was dismissed 
 on the recommendation of the committee "that the irregularities be 
 healed." So that with this indefinite conclusion the report did not 
 really settle any question of Masonic law. 
 
 Special Communication on the 5th of October, 1852, but uo business 
 of any importance was transacted. 
 
 Special Communication on Che 28th of October, 1852. As the yel- 
 low fever was then prevailing in the city, this Communication was 
 convened to determine whether on that account, the contemplated cele- 
 bration of the centennial anniversary of Washington's initiation should 
 be postponed. It was resolved that it should not. 
 
 In consequence of some carelessness having taken place on former 
 occasions, the Grand Tiler was instructed at all future Communications 
 to light the three lesser lights around the altar. 
 
 * Tlic Constitution adopted in 1860 specifically prescribes that there ^ l»;il 1 be a 
 ballot for each degree. 
 
394 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Centennial Anniversary of Washington's Initiation. 
 
 0;i Thursday, the 4th of November, 1852, the Grand and Subordi- 
 nate Lodges assembled at 10 o'clock, A. M., at Masonic Hall, for the 
 purpose of celebrating the centennial anniversary of the initiation of 
 Ge >rge Washington into the mysteries of Freemasonry. Bro. A. E. 
 Miller, the oldest Past Grand Master, presided (the Grand Master 
 being absent from the city), and the Grand Lodge was opened in form 
 on the first degree. A large procession was formed of the Grand and 
 Subordinate Lodges, accompanied by the Grand and Sub ordinate Chap- 
 ters, the Encampment of Knights Templars, and the Supreme Council 
 of the Ancient and Accepted Kite. The procession, which consisted 
 of about 300 masons, then moved to Hibernian Hall, which had al- 
 ready been filled to overflowing by a body of spectators, the seats 
 reserved for the Fraternity being alone unoccupied. After the singir.g 
 of that beautiful ode beginning "Unto thee, Great God, belong," an 
 appropriate prayer was offered by the acting Grand Chaplain, Bro. John 
 H Honour, and after the singing of a hymn from the classic pen of 
 Bro. B. 13. French, of Washington city, the oration was delivered by 
 Bro. Albert G. Mackey, the Orator of the day. The services were 
 concluded with the singing, by Bro. M. S. Reeves, accompanied on the 
 piano by Bro. J. Spcissegger, of the anthem commencing " When 
 earth's foundation first was laid." The benediction having been given, 
 the audience was dismissed, and the Craft returned to the Masonic 
 Hall, where, after the usual votes of thanks and a resolution to publish 
 the address, the Grand Lodge was closed. 
 
 In the evening the brethren reassembled and partook of an excellent 
 banquet, and after an appropriate enjoyment of the festive occasion, 
 adjourned at an early hour. And thus ended the first centennial anni- 
 versary of the initiation of Washington. The day was celebrated in 
 like manner in all the large cities and many even of the villages of the 
 Union, and was indeed a national festival in Masoury. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 7th of December, 1852. From the 
 address of the Deputy Grand Master we learn that the ancient Masonic 
 mode of voting by holding up the hand, for which the modern one of 
 aye and nay had for many years been substituted, was this year revived 
 by Landmark Lodge. The Deputy Grand Master singularly stigma- 
 tized it as "a very gross innovation," but soon after the Grand Lodge 
 made it by special decree the only authorized mode of voting in the 
 jurisdiction. 
 
IN SOUTH CAfiOLTNA. 395 
 
 Bas?om Lodge No. 80 at Cokcsbmy. having determine! to inaugu- 
 rate a Masonic School i i that village, asked the sanction and patronage 
 of the Grand Lod.e, when the following resolutions were adopted : 
 
 "Whereas, we, the Grand Lodge of A. F. M. of South Carolina, 
 feel deeply interested in the cause of Female Education, and desire its 
 promotion : and, whereas, we arc willing heartily to lend cur influence 
 to the success of said cause : Therefore, 
 
 u Resolveif, 1st. That we accept the proposition made to us by 
 Bascom Lodge Xo. 80, to receive under our patronage the Female In- 
 stitute of the village of Cokesbury, Abbeville district. 
 
 "2d. That we will lend our influence to the building up of a High 
 School, in said village, fur the education of fern des ; and that we will 
 recommend it to the patronage of all of the Subordinate Lodges of tho 
 State, and of the Fraternity generally. 
 
 "3d. That Base m Lodge assume alb pecuniary responsibility in 
 the establishment of said Institute, and absolve us from liability. 
 
 "4th. That Bascom Lodge shall elect a Board of Trustees, con- 
 sisting of members, subject to our approval; and that the said 
 
 Board shall report annually to the Grand Lodge the condition and pros- 
 pects of said Institute. 
 
 "5th. That the Grand Master and Grand Secretary of this Grand 
 Lodge shall be ex-nfficio members of the Board of Trustees. 
 
 " Gth. That we will appoint a Board of Visitors, whose d ity shall be 
 to attend the Annual Examination of said Institute, and report the 
 result to the Graud Lodge." 
 
 That Institution was soon after duly organized, and has ever since 
 been in a growing and prosperous condition. 
 
 F. C. Barber, the late Representative of the Grand Lodge of Xew 
 York, having removed from the jurisdiction, that b"dy had supplied 
 the vacancy, by the appointment of \V. L. Cleveland, who at this Com- 
 munication was duly recognized. 
 
 This being the night of the annual election, the Grand Lodge pro- 
 ceeded to the performance of that duty, and Brother Wm. L. Cleveland 
 was elected Grand Master. 
 
 The Festival uf St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated. 
 Brother J. C. Norris, Past Grand Master, installed Brother W. L. 
 Cleveland, the Grand Master elect, who then proceeded to install the 
 other officers. There was neither public procession nor address, but 
 alter the Grand Lodge had been closed, the Fraternity concluded the 
 celebration of tho day by r\ baoqaei 
 
3<)6 HISTORY OF FEEEMASOiNKY 
 
 CI1APTER XLYI. 
 
 THE YEAR 1853. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1853 : 
 
 W. L. Cleveland, Grand Master; 
 
 Alfred Price, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 Ebenezer Thayer, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 John A Gyles, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Elias B. Hort, Grand Chaplain; 
 
 John H. Honour, Grand Treasurer ; 
 
 Albert G. Mackey, 31. D., Grand Secretary; 
 
 Samuel J. Hull, ) . 
 
 ~ r , i Senior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 C. Lrickson, J ' 
 
 T. Allason, ) 
 
 T r. ,j r Junior Grand Deacons; 
 
 J. C. Beckmann, J ' 
 
 J. B. Fraser, Grand Marshal ; 
 
 Lemuel Crane, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 H. W. Schroder, \ 
 
 ■n „,. o, f Grand Stewards; 
 
 R. W. Seymour, ) ' 
 
 Samuel Seyle, Grand Tiler; 
 
 Albert G. Mackey, M.D., Grand Lecturer. 
 
 Quarterly Communication ou the 1st of March, 1853. Rules were 
 adopted for the government of the Masonic bur'al ground. 
 
 The Grand Lodge abolished the regulation which required Subordi- 
 nate Lodges to charge the sum of three dollars for the annual dues of 
 their members, thus leaving the regulation of this matter in the power 
 of each of the Lodges, where it ought always to be placed. 
 
 A committee, to whom the subject had been referred, made a report 
 on the duties and compensation of the Grand Secretary, and recom- 
 mended that the salary of that officer should be increased. The report 
 was adopted, and an amendment to the constitution was subsequently 
 made in accordance with the views of the committee. 
 
 Warrants of constitution were granted to Amity Lodge No. 87, at 
 Newberry, Marlboro Lodge No. 68, at Beunettsville, Bascomville 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 397 
 
 Lodge No. 89, at Bascomville, and Caldwell Lodge No. 90, at Cal- 
 houn's Mills. 
 
 At this Communication the committee made their report on the 
 powers of the Deputy Grand Master, which has already been alluded to. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 7th of June, 1853. Richland 
 Lodge No. 39 having indefinitely suspended G. II. C, one of its mem- 
 bers, for continued intoxication and unmasonic conduct, he appealed to 
 the Grand Lodge, when, on the report of the committee to whom the 
 subject had been referred, the Lodge was "earnestly and fraternally re- 
 quested to relieve the appellant from the sentence of indefinite suspen- 
 sion, and to restore him to all the rights and privileges of Masonry." 
 This recommendation was based on the irregularity of the proceedings 
 of the Lodge in the trial, on the consideration that the accused had 
 already suffered five months of suspension, arrd on his expressions of regret 
 and promises of reform. The irregularity of the trial consisted, according 
 to the report of the committee, in the fact that the sentence was con- 
 cluded on arid passed in the absence of the defendant, and at a special 
 and not a regular Communication of the Lodge, and the committee ex- 
 pressed the opinion "that in so grave a matter as the expulsion or in- 
 definite suspension of a brother, the final action of a Lodge could only 
 properly take place at a stated and regular Communication " The 
 adoption of this report, and the courteous request of the Grand Lodge, 
 led to very remarkable results. Richland Lodge reviewed the action of 
 the Grand Lodge, censured the terms of the report, and by resolution 
 declined to conform to the request of the Grand Lodge until the cen- 
 surable expressions in the report of the committee were stricken out. 
 This action of Richland Lodge was made known at the Quarterly Com- 
 munication of the Grand Lodge in September, and at the same time 
 a petition in favor of Bro. C. was presented by Rro. P. S Jacobs, a 
 member of Richland Lodge, whereupon the Grand Lodge adopted a 
 resolution by which Bro. C. was "forthwith restored to all the rights 
 and privileges of Masonry." 
 
 Another question, involving several interesting points of Masonic 
 law, was inaugurated at this Communication, and although not finally 
 adjudicated until the September meeting, it will be perhaps more ex- 
 pedient to anticipate the result and to present the whole narrative at 
 once. 
 
 A candidate, who will be sufficiently distinguished by the initials <,. 
 D., had been rejected "ii three several occasiuns by Pythagorean Lodge 
 No. 21, the last rejection taking place at the regular meeting of the 
 
39& HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Lod^e in January, 1853. At the meeting in April, the two members 
 who were supposed to have deposited the black balls which rejected 
 him being absent, a motion was adopted to reconsider the ballot, ou the 
 ground that these two brethren were not entitled to vote, one being only 
 an honorary member, and the other being more than twelve months in 
 arrears. The ballot was then taken, and G. D was unanimously elected, 
 and on the same evening received the first degree. At the meeting 
 in May, Caminade, one of the members who had previously cast a black 
 ball, objected to G. D.'s receiving the second degree. He had privately 
 stated his objections to the .Master. These the Master made known in 
 Lodge, and declared them to be insufficient. The arrear list being then 
 ordered, with the evident purpose of preventing Caminade trom voting, 
 as he was in arrears, he became much irritated, and having used dis- 
 respectful language, finally left the Lodge without the usual salutes, 
 and the second degree, without a previous ballot, was conferred on G. D. 
 
 Caminade having protested against these proceedings to the Grand 
 Master in June, the latter issued his decree, prohibiting the Lodge 
 fro > 1 1 conferring the third degree on G. D. until the decision of the 
 Grand Lodge on the protest of Brother Caminade could be obtained. 
 In the meantime, the Master of the Lodge declared Caminade to be 
 suspended from the Lodge for non-payment of dues. 
 
 In the Communication of the Crand Lodge in June, the subject was 
 referred to a committee, ttIio made their report in September, recom- 
 meri ling that the Lodge be prohibited forever from conferring the 
 third degree on G. P., who was, however, allowed to apply to any other 
 Lodge, and that the Mast -r of the Lodg' 1 be severely reprimanded in 
 open Grand Lodge; which repoit was adopted, and the resolutions sub- 
 sequently carried into effect. 
 
 In making their report, the committee lai 1 down the following prin- 
 ciples of Masonic jurisprudence, viz : that the Master was wrong in 
 permit ing a reconsideration of a petition at a subsequent meeting; 
 also in declaring Caminade alone to b<" not entitled to vote, in conse- 
 quence of b"ing in arrears, when several other members w re in the 
 same predicament; in declaring Caminade suspended for non-payment 
 of dues without any action of the L^dge being taken ; m declaring 
 the objection of Caminade insufficient, when it was really a good one j 
 and in omitting to order the ballot when objection was made to the 
 advancement of the candid to to the second degree 
 
 These principles, so far as they go, seem u-idoubtedly to be correct, 
 but, iu fact, some of them do u„t go fur enough, and qualiiyiug ex- 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 39 y 
 
 pressions destroy the accuracy of some of the principles enunciated. 
 It would have been better to have said at once that a motion to 
 reconsider a ballot is always inadmissible, and that the non-payment of 
 dues, while a brother still remains a member and the penalty of sus- 
 pension has not been enforced, does not disqualify him from voting on 
 the petition of a candidate, for the old regulations expressly require 
 every member to vote without exception. " No man can be entered a 
 brother in any particular Lodge without the unanimous consent of all 
 the members of that body then present." If not suspeuded, Caininade 
 was a member, and if a member then clearly bound to vote, for if he 
 did not vote G. D. would not have been admitted with the "unani- 
 mous consent " of all present. But the report was, on the whole, a 
 good one, for it is not always that we find reports on nice questions of 
 Masonic law coming so near to the truth. 
 
 A resolution was adopted to appoint a committee to enquire into the 
 expediency of purchasing a lot of ground for a Masonic Cemetery, of 
 greater extent and in a better situation than the one already purchased, 
 but although the resolution was adopted, the committee never made a 
 report, and the matter was allowed to expire without further action. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 6th of September, 1853. It was 
 ordered that a committee of seven be appointed to revise the by-laws 
 and regulaions of the Grand Lodge. The committee consisted of T. 
 S. Gourdin, C M. Furtnan, A. G. Mackey, E. Thayer, Z 1$ Oakes, 
 A. E. Miller and J. B. Wynne. The committee made th< ir reports, 
 one from the majori'y, and the other from the minority, and as they 
 presented several questions of interest, the . ubject will be resumed 
 when we arrive at that point in our history. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 6th and llth of December, 1853, 
 the Grand Lodge having, on the former evening, after the transaction 
 of business, been called from labor until the llth. The report of the 
 Grand Treasurer showed that the income of the Graud Lodjzc for the 
 past year had been over five thousand dollars. 
 
 The annual election took place, and Alfred Price was elected Grand 
 Master. 
 
 When the Grand Lodge resumed libor on the llth of December, the 
 report of the committee on the revisal of the Constitution was made 
 and considered. The majority of the committee recommended but 
 two alterations in the Constitution, as then existing, namely, the estab- 
 lishment of twenty dollars as the minimum fee for initiating, passing 
 and raising, and iLe raisiug of the Grand Secretary's salary from lour 
 
400 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 to six hundred dollars per annum. Both of these amendments were 
 adopted, and subsequently incorporated into the Constitution. 
 
 They also recommended, " that on all questions in the Grand Lodge, 
 or in a Subordinate Lodge, which are competent by the by-laws to be 
 decided by acclamation, the vote shall be taken by holding up the right 
 hand, and the formula, for proposing the question from the Chair, shall 
 be in these words: 'So many as are in favor of this resolution, will 
 hold up the right hand,' and afterwards — ' so many as are opposed to 
 it, will make the same sign,' and the uplifted hands shall, when neces- 
 sary, be counted by the Senior Deacou, who shall report the fame to the 
 Chair." 
 
 This recommendation was referred to a committee, who having re- 
 ported in its favor, it was subsequently adopted and became one of the 
 standing regulations of the Grand Lodge. In adopting this rule, the 
 Grand Lodge was but returning to ancient usage, which, as far back as 
 the year 173(j,* had been sanctioned by the Grand Lodge of England, 
 in a similar resolution, adopted at that time. 
 
 Another recommendation of the committee was adopted, to the effect 
 " that the Grand Lodge shall not be closed until the business before it 
 shall have been disposed of, and if it be found impracticable to com- 
 plete the business in one evening, the Grand Lodge shall be called off 
 from labor until a subsequent evening; which course shall be adopted 
 until the whole amount of business shall have been disposed of." 
 
 A third recommendation, that the -Junior Grand Warden and Grand 
 Stewards should constitute ex-ojficio the committee of arrangements for 
 the celebration of the Festival of St. John, was rejected. 
 
 T. S. Gourdin, as a minority of the committee, reported several other 
 amendments, the most important of which were, by expunging the 9th 
 section of the 19th rule, to abolish the whole proxy system, and in its 
 place to establish the basis of representation in the Grand Lodge on 
 equitable and proper principles, by the adoption of the following new 
 regulation : 
 
 " The expenses of one representative from each Lodge, out of the 
 city of Charleston, who shall attend the Quarterly Communication in 
 March, shall be defrayed by the Grand Lodge. The expenses of the 
 
 * "The opinions or votes of the members are always to be signified by each 
 
 holding up one of his hands Nor should any other kind of division 
 
 be ever admitted among Masons." Regulation adopted by O. L. of England, 6th 
 April, 1736. See Anderson, 2d ed., p. 178. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 401 
 
 said representative shall b'> calculated at the r tcs established by the 
 proprietors d' public conveyance, which he shall take in coming directly 
 f:oin his home to the said city, as usually charged by the said proprie- 
 tor* at the time, lie shall also be allowed two ($2) dollars for each 
 day's att( nd nice n the said Commuuicatio i of the Grand Lodge, i nd 
 two $2) dollars for each day tiecasnri/j/ occupied in coming to 
 Charleston and in returning home. The said representative must be 
 a member of the Lodge which he represents, and may, if duly autho- 
 rized ther to, cast the votes of the .Master and both Wardens of his 
 Lodge; But in no c:^se shall he represent more Lodges than one. 
 His ap ointment must be certified under the hand of the Master cf 
 the said Lodge." 
 
 Kxc llent as this proposition was, it was nut thorough, for the Quar- 
 terly Communications wore still to bo retained, and the gift of a fair 
 representation at one Com:; unication would have been valueless, while 
 three other Communications were to be retained at which there would 
 have been no representation at all of the country Lodges. Indeed the 
 abolition of the p'oxy system, bad as it w;is, and the retention of the 
 Quarterly Communications, would have been an act of flagrant injus- 
 tice and < ppressinn to all the Lodges out of (he city. The Grand 
 L due was not yet ready for a compl te reform ; the state of its funds 
 was such that it could not, at that time, have well afforded to pay rep- 
 resentatives without such a sacrifice as many were unwilling to make, 
 and the amendments of the minority were therefore indefinitely post- 
 poned. The time, however, was not far distant when a reform based 
 on more philosophical principles of Masonic jurisprudence — bolder in 
 its details, and lor that very reason wiser and more practicable — was to 
 be triumphantly effected. But I must uot anticipate the order of 
 events. 
 
 Arrangements were made for the celebration of the Festival of St. 
 John the Kvangclist, and Brother Lbenezer ihajer was appointed the 
 Orator for that occasion. 
 
 The annoyance to which the Craft throughout the whole country was 
 constantly subjected by the iutiusion of mendicant Masons, almost 
 always unworthy, and generally unaffiliated, had led several Grand 
 L idges to request that the strictest evidence should be required of the 
 good standing of all applicant- for Masonic relief. In this spirit, the 
 Grand Lodge of South Carolina adopted the following resolution: 
 
 " A',,,,/,-,,/, That this Grand Lodge respect. ully requests her sister 
 Gruud Lodges :o direct their iSuburdiuates uyt lu giuut relief to any 
 26 
 
402 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 applicant from this jurisdiction, unless he pr duces a certificate of his 
 present membership in a Lodge, or gives other satisfactory evidence of 
 his being an affiliated Mason " 
 
 As a still further safeguard against the intrusion of this cla«s of 
 impostors, who were traveling over the land in search of spoil, the 
 Grand Lodge instructed the Masters of its Subordinate Lodges "to 
 permit no visitor to be admitted without a previous examination, unless 
 he can be vouched for by a brother who has sat with him in open 
 Lodge, or if the avouchment be made in consequence of private exami- 
 nation, unless the brother so vouching be known to the presiding 
 officer as a skilful and experienced Mason, and unless it be stated that, 
 previous to the said private examination, all the requirements of this 
 Grand Lodge, in relation to certificates, &c, have beeu fully complied 
 with." 
 
 A person in New York of the name of Goff, who professed to be an 
 independent lecturer on Masonry, having sent communications to 
 several Masons, proposing to visit this jurisdiction and give it an 
 opportunity of availing itself of his instructions, the Grand Lodge, on 
 being informed of the fact, resolved that the Lodges should be in- 
 structed to discountenance all itinerant lecturers on Fieemasonry, and 
 that none should be allowed to lecture but such as were authorized by 
 the Grand Lodge. 
 
 The Grand Lodge also recommended to its Subordinates the policy 
 and expediency of appropriating an annual sum for the putehase of 
 Masonic books, and the establishment of Masonic libraries. The 
 Lodges iti Charleston and Columbia were advised to unite in each place 
 in the formation of a common library. 
 
 The Grand Lodge adopted resolutims of condolence and sympathy 
 on the occa-ion of the death of 11. R. W. Hill, late Grand Master of 
 the Masons of Louisiana. 
 
 Led into the error by an historical blunder, committed by Dr. Dalcho, 
 in his Ahiman Rezon, the Grand Lodge had always been under the 
 impression that the first Provincial Grand Lodge in South Carolina had 
 been established in the year 1754. As a century would expire on the 
 27th of December, in the next year, since that era, the Grand Lodge 
 determined to pay due honor to the event, and it was resolved to pub- 
 licly celebrate the "centennial anniversary of the establishment of a 
 Grand Lodge in this State," and a committee, consisting of A. G. 
 Mackey, E. Thayer and John A. Gyles, was appointed to report, the 
 necessary arrangements at the Quarterly Communication in March, 1854, 
 
IK SOUTH CAROLINA. 4 qo 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated. Bro 
 W. L Cleveland. Past Gmud Master, installed Bro. Alfred Price, the 
 Grand Master elect, who then installed the other officers. An ad- 
 dress was delivered by Bro. Ebenezer Thayer, Senior Grand Warden 
 for which he received the thanks of the Grand Lodge, and the Grand 
 L„dge being closed, the celebration of the day was concluded by the 
 usual bauquet. 
 
404 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER XLVII. 
 
 THE YEAR 1854. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1854: 
 
 Alfred Price, Grand Master; 
 
 Job Johnston, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 EBENEZER THAYER, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 JolIN A. Gyles, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Eli.'.S 15. tiORT, Grand Chaplain; 
 
 J. H. Honour, Grand Treasurer ; 
 
 A. G. MACKEY, M.D., Grand Secretary; 
 
 J. C. Beckmann, ) . 
 
 T , „ T f oenior brand JJcacons ; 
 
 II. W. &CI1RODER, ) ' 
 
 J. B. Wynne, ) r ■ n ? n 
 
 > Junior Grand Deacons; 
 
 G. Z. Waldron, ) 
 
 George H. Walter, Grand Marshal; 
 
 Archibald Armstrong, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 Henry Buist, ) n 7 e . 7 
 ' I Grand Steicutas; 
 
 E. J Anderson, j 
 
 Samuel Seyle, Grand Tiler; 
 
 Albert G. Mackey, M.D., Grand Lecturer. 
 
 Special Communication on the 3d of January, 1854, when the report 
 of the committee on the powers of the Deputy Grand Master, which 
 has already been given, was adopted. 
 
 The Grand Lodge also, on the recommendation of its committee, 
 adopted the mode of voting by a show of hands. 
 
 The sum of three hundred do'lars was voted to Bro. Mackey as com- 
 pensation for his labor in editing the last edition of the Ahiman Uezon. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 7th of March, 1854. The Grand 
 Lodge refused to permit the Bast Masters of Lodges to be recorded as 
 being present at the Communications of the Grand Lodge in the same 
 manner as the representatives were. The principle was thus sustained 
 that Bast Masters arc not by right, but simply by courtesy, members of 
 the Graud Lodge, a priuciple long before supported by the Constitution, 
 
W SOUTH CAROLINA. 405 
 
 which provided that representatives only, and not Past Masters, should 
 be counted in making a quorum fur business. 
 
 Further arrangements were made for the celebration of the centen- 
 nial anniversary, and Samuel Henry Dickson, M.D., a Past Master of 
 Orange Lodge No. 14, was elected the Orator for the occasion. 
 
 W. L Cleveland, Past Grand Master, having been elected a life 
 member of the Grand Lodge on St. John the Evangelist's day, 
 objections were made to the legality of that election on the ground that 
 the constitution had provided that no business of a private, nature 
 should be transacted on that day. The Grand Lodge, therefore, at 
 this Communication confirmed that election. 
 
 Warrants of Constitution were granted '.o Chester Lodge No. 18, at 
 Chester Court House, and to Collier's Lodge at Collier's Post Office. 
 The latter Lodge was never, however, organized. 
 
 Special Communication on the 30th of March, 1854. Application 
 having been made by Palmetto Lodge No. 19, at Laurensville, for the 
 pecuniary assistance of the Grand Lodge in the establishment of a 
 Female College at that place, the Grand Lodge deemed it inexpedient 
 to comply with the request or to act in the matter. 
 
 The necessary arrangements for the celebration of the centennial 
 anniversary again occupied the attention of the Grand Lodge, and a 
 suggestion was made that a centennial medal be provided, but. the sug- 
 gestion was never acted on, and it is well that it never was, as it would 
 have been the metallic perpetuation of an historical mis statement which 
 made the centennial anniversary occur in 1854 instead of 1837, which 
 was its true date. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 0th of June, 1851. A brother, 
 who hid been su-pmded by Lodge No. 5, for non-payment of Lodge 
 dues, when he was fifteen months in arrears, had subsequently offered 
 to pay the debt, when the Lodge demanded the additional amount 
 which had accrued from the time of his suspension to the time when 
 he had offered to pay. Uut on I. is appeal, the Grand Lodge expressed 
 the opinion that he did not remain a member of the Lodge af:cr the 
 fifte n months, and was not, therefore, liable for dues beyond that 
 period. 
 
 Quarterly Communica.ion on the Gth of June, 1854. The com- 
 mittee recommended the following arrangements for the celebration of 
 the centennial aniversaiy, and the recommendations were adopted: 
 
 I. The oration to be delivered at the hall of the South Carolina In- 
 Btituie. 
 
406 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 2. A public installation of the Grand Officers to precede the delivery 
 of the oration in the hall. 
 
 3. The banquet at the celebration to be a dinner — tickets for which 
 to be issued by the committee. Every Mason in good standing to be 
 allowed to purchase a ticket for the banquet, on paying five dollars for 
 the same. 
 
 4. The Grand Officers of the various Grand Lodges of the United 
 States; the Subordinate Lodges in Wilmington (N. C); Savannah 
 and Augusta (Geo.); St. Augustine and Jacksonville (F'orida); and 
 the Subordinate Lodges of this jurisdiction, to be invited to attend the 
 celebration ; and tickets for the banquet to be provided for such 
 brethreu who may come from Lodges out of this State, to be paid by 
 the Grand Lodge. 
 
 5. The Grand and Subordinate Chapters of Royal Arch Masons; 
 Encampment of Knight Templars; Pelican Chapter of Rose Croix 
 Masons; and the Supreme Council of the thirty-third degree .Vncie.fe 
 and Accepted Rite, to be invited to take part in the celebration. 
 
 6. The music to be provided ftr the procession, ser ices at the hall 
 of the Institute, and Banquet, t>> be paid by the Grand L dge. The 
 printing necessary also for the same, to be paid by the Grand Lodge. 
 
 7. The committee to be instructed to address the Lodges of the juris- 
 diction to apprnpriate, and also raise by subscriptions, such amounts as 
 they may deem proper to aid in defraying the expenses of tho cele- 
 bration. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 5th of September, 1854. A 
 warrant of constitution was granted to Claremont Lodge No. C4, at 
 Sumterville. 
 
 Special Communication on the 30th of October, 1854. During the 
 summer, the Lodge room had been emblematically painted in fresco, 
 and was now opeued for the first time after it had been temporarily 
 closed for the purpose of being painted. The Hall Committee, under 
 whose directions it had been decorated, had requested Dr. A. G. 
 Mackey to prepare a discourse explanatory of the decorations which 
 had been placed upon t'ie f-eiling and walls. The Grand Lodge was 
 accordingly convened, and Brother Mackey delivered the following 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE DISCOURSE : 
 
 Masonry being peculiarly distinguish. d as a system of symbolism, the 
 interpretation of which constitutes its science, an attempt has been 
 made in the decoratious of the Lodge room to call the attention of the. 
 
TN T SOUTH CAROLINA. 407 
 
 spectator to all the most important symbols of our Institution, so tliat 
 like the Egyptian temples of old, <ur Masonic temple may contain, 
 upon its ceiling and walls, a record in our own sacred language of the 
 doctrines which wc teach. While selecting, for this purpose, the most 
 important hieroglyphics that appertain to Ancient Craft Masonry, wc 
 have included, that the entire series of esoteric instruction may be 
 completely incorporated in the plan, the emblems and symbols of those 
 higher degrees, both in the York Kite and in the Philosophical degrees 
 of the Ancient and Accepted, which illustrate and complete the circle 
 of divine knowledge which the universal system of Freemasn:iry 
 embraces. An attempt has also been made, not only in the selection 
 but the arrangement and peculiar collocation of these symbols, to refer 
 to some of our well concealed but equally well understood dogmas. 
 
 On glancing at the ceiling the spectator will discover that it is 
 divided into three squares, within each of which is a circle. The circle 
 ■within the square is itself a Masonic symbol of high import, and is to 
 be found inscribed upon the jewels and aprons of some of the higher 
 d-.'grces. The Circle is a symbol of Eternity, the most important 
 attribute of the Grand Architect of the Universe, the one single 
 object of Masonic worship, while the Square is a symbol of Perfection, 
 the attainment of wh'ch is the great design of all Masonic teaching. 
 The Circle being then in our system a symbol of Deity, and the Square 
 or Cube of the upright atid well instructed Mason, who, as Aristotle 
 observes of th° good man, " is of a square posture and without 
 reproof," the Circle within the Square is intended, hieroglyphically, to 
 represent to us the necessity of living with God within us, having, as 
 our ritual expresses it, " prepared our bodies as living stones for that 
 spiritual temple, that house not made with hands, eternal in the 
 heavens." The Circle within the Square is the symbol of God dwell- 
 ing in and with the true Mason, and has hence been appropriately 
 adopted as the ground work on which those other symbols are to be 
 placed which make up the sum and substance of our Masonic system 
 of ethical science. 
 
 The spice at the internal corner of each square is occupied with 
 arabesque figure 1 - and medallions, in which arc alternately displayed 
 the Five pointed Star, the symbol of Masonic Fellowship, and tho 
 heral lie Kose or Cinquefoil, the symbol of Masonic secrecy. 
 
 Each of the three internal circles on the ceiling is divided into eight 
 compartments. Four of these arc occupied by full e igth allegorical 
 figures, aud four alternate ones with symbols. 
 
408 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 In the easternmost circle w?. find the four all-gorical figures of Tem- 
 perance, Fortitude, Prudence and Justice, the four cardinal virtues 
 which are so beautifully and impressively illustrated in the ritual of 
 the first degree, and which, from their important bearing on the 
 Masonic Points of Entrance, have been thought to be justly entitled 
 to the conspicuous position which they occupy. 
 
 The alternate compartments are ornamente i with symbols peculiar 
 to the three degrees of Ancient Craft Masonry. Appropriate to the 
 first degree we find the Limb, the symbol of purity of life, the neces- 
 sary prerequisite for initiation both into the earthly and the Celestial 
 Lodge, and the Holy Bible, Square ami Compass, the peculi.tr symbol 
 of Freemasonry itself, as the Crescent is of Mohammedanism, or the 
 Cross of Christianity, and whit h has hence been distinguished in our 
 ritual as " the necoss.try furni:ure of a Lodge." 
 
 In th 3 second degree has be m appropriated the E.i.r nf Corn, the 
 symbol, with every Fellow Craft, of Plenty, and which, in our recon- 
 dite science, refers by an easy and rational but esoteric inctho 1 to the 
 Masonic system of recognition. 
 
 The third degree has supplied the Spriij of Acacia, that memorable 
 emblem, consecrated by every Master Mason as the symbol of the Im- 
 mortality of the Soul, the great truth, the teaching of which is the 
 sublimest object of the Masonic Institution* 
 
 In th.* central circle three of the compartments are occupied by the 
 allegoric figures of Faith, Hope and Charity, those Masonic as well as 
 theological virtues, which in our system inculcate fai h in God, hope of 
 immortality, and charity to all mankind. A fourth compartment is 
 occupied with the representation of Moses at the bun.ing bud), a sub- 
 ject borrowed from the Ritual of Royal Arch Masonry, and intended 
 to intimate that this central circle has been dedicated to the 0:der of 
 the Royal Arch ; for which reason, therefore, all these symbols in the 
 circle are taken from that order. 
 
 These symbols consist of the Spade Pickaxe and Crow, the Double 
 Triangle, the Serpent biting his tail, and enclosing the Triple Tau, and 
 the Sacred Delta. 
 
 The Spade, Pickaxe and Crow are the working tools of a Royal Arch 
 Mason, and therefore occupy the same place in the Ritual of that 
 degree as the Square, Level and Plumb do in that of the Fellow Craft, 
 or the Twcuty-four inch Gauge and Gavel in that of the Entered Ap- 
 prentice. 
 
 All the symbols of the Royal Arch, which has so appropriately been 
 
IN SOUTH CAROTJXA. 409 
 
 called the summit of Ancient Craft Masonry, refer to the Deity, and 
 hence the reimining three symbol* in this circle will be found to 
 convey an allusion to some of the attributes of the Great Architect of 
 the Universe. 
 
 The Serpent is one of the oldest :is well as most universal of all 
 symbols. It p"rvad:d all the ancient systems, and before the advent 
 of purer light, it wis worshipped with Divine honors by many of the 
 nations and peoples of antiquity. Among the Egyptians, from whom, 
 most probably, we have remotely derived it, the Serpent was the 
 emblem of their God Cnoph, the Domiurgos or Maker of all things, on 
 account, it is suppled, of its extended longevity, and its continual re- 
 Vlviscence. !n the place which it now occupies, the Serpent is an 
 emblem of the Eternal Master of the I'niverse. The figure which it 
 surrounds is comp >sed of three Tun crosses, and is hence called the 
 Triple Ton. It is the peculiar badge of Royal Arch Masonry, and by 
 our English brethren is called "the emblem of all emblems" and 
 '•the grand e nbleui of [loyal Arch Masonry " It has be n explained 
 as a sy.i.bol designating and separating those who km w and worship 
 the true name of God from those who are ignorant of that august 
 mystery. 
 
 The Double Triangle is a symbd of groat importance, and of varied 
 signification in Masonry. Among the Orientalists, this figure consti- 
 tuted the Seal of our Grand Master Solomon, and a Masonic tradition, 
 derived from the T.-dmudic writers, asserts that it was inscribed upon 
 the foundation stone of the temple. As a Royal Arch symbol, it ;s, 
 however, described by Rosenborg, as referring to the two temples, that 
 of Solomon, and that of Zcrubbibel. 
 
 Hut the most important t,f these symbols is the Delta or Pscred 
 Triangle, enclosing the ineffable nutria of God in Hebrew characters'. 
 The Equilateral Triangle was adopted by nearly all the nations of 
 antiquity as a symbol of the Deity. As such, it was introluced into 
 the Jewish system, where the letter Yod, within the Triangle, was 
 made to represent the Tetragrauimatoii, or four lettered name. Under 
 the title of the Delta, derived from the name of the fourth letter of the 
 Grreek alphabet, -it f rms the most important Byubol of Royal Arch 
 Masonry, and is intimately coniuctcd with the traditions and Ritual of 
 that degree. 
 
 Three of the compartments of the westernmost circle, or the one 
 nearest to the door, are occupied with allegorical figures of I'eace, Unity 
 aud Plenty. These will at once be recognized as portions of the 
 
410 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 second degree, and will, by the intelligent Mason, be readily referred 
 by easy association to those mystic pillars which stood at the porch of 
 the ancient temple. As these were among our ancient brethren 
 symbols of the superintending care of Divine Providence, once so mi- 
 racul u>ly exhibited in the pillars of cloud and tire which preceded the 
 Israelites in their journeying* through the wilderness, they have, both 
 in respect to that peculiar symbolism, and in reference to the position 
 of the pillars in the temple, been placed at the extreme western termi- 
 nation of the ceiling, nearest to the entrance of the Lodge. 
 
 The fourth compartment is occupied by the figure of a Knight 
 Templar, in the attitude of being dubbed or created a Knight. This 
 compart iientis dedicated to the Encampment of that body which meets 
 in the Hall, and alsc indicates that the surrounding symbols are con- 
 secrated to the degrees of Chivahy, and the higher degrees of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Rite, as well as to the ab-truser system of Philo- 
 sophic Masonry. 
 
 These symbols are the Paschal Lamb, the Pelican, the Winged Globe, 
 and the Spliynx. 
 
 The Pasehil Limb, says Di Iron, "whieh was eaten by the Israelites 
 on the night prece ling their depirture, is the type of that other Divine 
 Li nb, of whom Christians are to pirtake at E ister, in order thereby to 
 free themselves from the bondage in which they are held by vice." 
 The Paschal Limb, or Li nb bearing a Cross, wis early depicted by the 
 Christians as a symb >1 of Christ craeified Hence, it has been ad pted 
 by the Templars, who practice a Christian d 'gree, as referring, to use 
 the language of their Ritual, to "the spotless Lamb of God, who was 
 slain from the foundation of the world." 
 
 The Pelican is to the Rose Croix Masons of the Ancient and Ac- 
 cepted Kite, what the Paschal Lamb is to the Templars. With them, 
 it is a symbol of Perfect Charity, which they exemplify in the person 
 of Him who shed his blood for the salvation of the world. 
 
 These two symbols have been selec ed as decorations of the ceiling, 
 as a just and expected contribution to those two societies which are 
 accustomed to meet in our hall, whose members are all so closely con- 
 nected with us by the ties of Ancient Craft Masonry, and who claim, 
 with what justice this is not the place to examine, that their own 
 peculiar systems are but legitimate applioatims of the universal princi- 
 ples of our Order. 
 
 The remaining symbols, the Winged Globe and the Sphynx, are 
 more abstruse than any that have yet been described, but their pres- 
 
- IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 41 1 
 
 cneo here is to be attributed to that universally received doctrine, that 
 Egypt, the birth place of mystery, gave origin, however remotely, to 
 our Order. In the Scriptures we are told of the " wise men and the 
 Uiagioians of Egypt;" wo are informed that Moses was learned in "all 
 the wisdom of the Egyptians," and that Christ at his birth was visited 
 by "the wise men of the East." The Grecian and Roman writers 
 also speak repeatedly, ani with admiration, of the philosophy of the 
 Egyptians, and indeed it has been universally admitted that all the 
 learning of antiquity was originally derived from Eirypt. One of our 
 own old traditions traces our Order under its primitive name of Geome- 
 try, to the land of the Pyramids. These sy nb ils may, therefore, be 
 considered as contributions from Ma onry to that ancient country 
 where its mystic system was first developed. 
 
 The Winged Globe as the emblem of Khoper, the Creator Sun, was 
 adopted by the Egyptians as their national symbol, as the Lion is that 
 of England, or the Eagle of America. Hence, the Prophet Isaiah 
 (xviii ) in some of those burning strains which, ill the original, so sur- 
 pass in the fervor of their poetry all that Find. ir ever sung, that not 
 even an inadequate tran-lation can alt, ><rether extinguish their fire, thus 
 apostrophizes Egypt. I select not the authorized version, but the more 
 tiuthful interpretation of Kosellini : 
 
 " Ho, Land of the Winged Globe, which art beyond the rivets of 
 Cu>h, that se\dest into the sea as messengers the canals of thy waters, 
 and that uavigatest with boats of papyrus on the face of the wave-." 
 
 The Spliynx, as we shall hereafter have occasion to see, was pecu- 
 liarly an Egyptian symbol, though now incorporated into the M sonic 
 system, and, as an emblem of Mystery, was placed upon the en tin nee 
 of all their temples. Its repetition at the door will give me an oppor- 
 tunity of a fuller elucidation. 
 
 Leaving now the ceiling, I request you to cast your eyes upon the 
 coving or summit of the walls, where you will find eight purely 
 Masonic symbols, arranged as follows: One over the clnir of the 
 Master in the East, a second in the opposite point over the position of 
 the Senior Warden in the Wes 4 , ; three at equal distances on the South 
 wall and three on the North. For these may be claimed not only 
 excellent reasons for their particular selection out of the mass of sym- 
 bols from which they were chosen, but also, and more particularly, for 
 their appropriation and distribution. Any one of these eight symbols 
 transplanted from the place which it now occupies and exchanged to 
 any other would have lost, by the removal, much of the character of 
 
412 HISTORY OF FREKMASONTlY 
 
 symbolic instruction which it was intended to convey. The place of 
 the symbol, as well as the symbol itself, is pregnant with distinctive 
 emblem; tic signification. 
 
 In the East, over the pedestal of the Worshipful Master, we fini 
 that all important, that truly and peculiu* Masonic symbol, the letter 
 G, consecrated to our memories in the language of the immortal 
 Burns, as 
 
 " that Hieroglyphic bright 
 
 Which none but Craftsmen ever saw." 
 
 It beams in its bright effulgence from the East, the place of light, first 
 to attract 'he attention of the Neophyte, who is soon to learu from him 
 who sits beneath it its esoteric meaning. 
 
 With equal appropriateness we find immediately opposite, in the 
 West, that other strictly Masonic symbol, the point within a circle, 
 embordjred by two perpendicular pirallol lines, and the Hook of . oly 
 Scriptures resting on the su limit. Placed here, this symbol is ever 
 directly in view of the Presiding Officer, to remind him of the dis-" 
 tinguished virtue of the Saints John, to whom, as patrons of the Order, 
 our Lodges are dedicated, and also to admonish him of tile moral 
 duries he is to inculcate, which are symbolized by the point within a 
 cirele, and the Book o! Scrip'uies which that circle supports. Our 
 Ritual requires that this expressive symbol should be fou id in every 
 well regulated Lodge, and here accordingly it occupies the most promi- 
 nent place which could be appropriated to it, next to that assu i.ed by 
 th paramount claims of the mystic letter, which has already been., 
 described. 
 
 Commencing now with the symbols on the coving of the Southern 
 wall W3 are first attracted by the Urn of Incense displayed above the 
 Secretary's desk. The Urn of Incense is an emblem intended, 
 Masonically, to remind us that the thoughts of a pu>"e heart are the 
 best incense that we can offer to D^ity In its approximation to the 
 appropriate position of our Recording Officer, its teachings are intended 
 to be, that the records of all that is sail and done in this sa:-rcd 
 asylum should bear evidence that pure hearts and fraternal affections 
 have sought to offer from our transactions that incense of devotion to 
 the Supreme Architect which good deeds and kindly words can alone 
 enkindle. 
 
 In the South, over the Pedestal of the Junior Warden, is appropri- 
 ately placed the Winged [lour Glass, the symbol of the pr igress of 
 Time, aud from its position indicating oue of the most important du- 
 
IX SOUTn CAROLINA. 413 
 
 ties of that officer, in the vicinity of whose seat it is placed, which is 
 correctly to observe the time, and judiciously to control its occupation. 
 
 The Book of Constitutions, guarded by the Tiler's Sword, is a Ma- 
 sonic symbol of circumspection, and as such, has been placd near the 
 spot occupied by the Tiler, to which officer the practice of that virtue 
 is always so particularly recommended. 
 
 Passing over to the coving of the North wall, we find at i's Western 
 ex'remity the Lambskin, the peculiar badge of a Mason, which has 
 been placed in the neighborhood of the Pedestal of the Senior War- 
 den, because to that officer is entrusted the duty of first instructing the 
 candidate in the mode of wearing it. 
 
 Tn the centre of the North wall, and opposite to the Junior Warden's 
 Pedestal, is inscribed the Anchor and A>k. These are the well known 
 symbols of a firm reliance on Divine Providence, to be derived only 
 from a well learned knowledge of the. character (if the Supreme Archi- 
 tect of the Universe, of his superintending wisdom, power and good- 
 ness, truths which are de ply engrafted in. and so widely diffused through 
 the whole system of Freemasonry, that their divine ravs illuminate by 
 this expressive symbol even the North, the darkest point of the Lodge. 
 
 Lastly, over the desk of the Treasurer is placed the Bee Hive, the 
 symbol of Industry, and thus, by its appropriate position, is it intended 
 to show the connexion between that virtue and the peculiar functions 
 and duties of the financial officer of our Order. 
 
 Your attention is now directed to seven statues or i ffigies, the num- 
 ber being in itself symbolic, which are placed around the walls. On 
 the South wall are placed the effigies of Minerva, Venus and Hercules, 
 employed as symbols of Wisdom. Beauty and Strength, so arranged as 
 that the figure symbolic of Wisdom is in the Hast, that symbolic of 
 Strength in the West, and that symbolic of Beauty behind the scat of 
 the Junior Warden, in 'he South, thus occupying the positions as- 
 signed by our rituals to these Masonic attributes. 
 
 In the West, the attention is attracted by the figure of TTarpocrates, 
 or, as Wilkinson suggests tint he wis called by the Egyptians, ITor- 
 Phocrat. lie is fabled among the ancients as the God of Silence. 
 "He was," says Plutarch, ''the corrector and rectifier of those weak, 
 incomplete notions which we are apt to form of the Divine nature, for 
 which reason we see him described with his finger pointing to his mouth, 
 a proper emblcuJ of that modest and cautious silence we should ob erve 
 ou such subjects." It is needless to say how appropriate such a ' gure 
 
414 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 b, even in its present conspicuous position, in a Hall dedicated to the 
 uses of a Society, whose v ry life-blood is its silence and its secrecy. 
 
 On the North* rn side of ";he roo : 'n three other effigies arrest v\xr at- 
 tention, which are intended symbolically to- describe the purposes for 
 which this Hall was erected. 
 
 Over the Eastern mantlepiece is placed the figure of Solomon, as 
 the Representative of Ancient Craft Masonry; over the Western is 
 found that of the High Priest Joshua, as the Representative of Royal 
 Arch Masonry, whde between these is situated that of James de Molay, 
 the martyred Grand Master of the Templars, as the Representative of 
 the Degrees of Chivalry and of the Ancient and Accepted Rite, in 
 which he plays so important a part. 
 
 As all the various bodies which have thus been alluded to by these 
 statues, are in the habit of meeting in this Hall with equal claims and 
 privileges as members of the same Institution, though practicing differ- 
 ent rites in its co-ordinate branches, it is trusted by the committee that 
 no intolerance of opinion would make any brother desire the exclusion 
 of any figure, because it referred or was consecrated to a portion of the 
 Order of which he was not himself a member. 
 
 It would, perhaps, have been desirable to have selected Zerubbabel as 
 the Representative of Royal Arch Masonry, instead of his companion 
 Joshua; but the requirements of art and taste demanded a variety in 
 the figures which could not have been achieved if two Kings of Israel, 
 whose costumes would have been necessarily identical, had been chosen. 
 Besides, there is no manifest impropriety in the choice as a Masonic 
 decoration of the figure of that Jewish High Priest, who was equally 
 engaged with the Prince of the Captivity in the establishment of the 
 Royal Arch Degree. 
 
 No explanation is certainly needed of the Square and Compass upon 
 the doors, or of the Square, Level and Plumb upon the Pedestals; the 
 purposes of these symbols are at once apparent to every Mason. But 
 I may call your attention to the figure of the Sphynx, which is placed 
 above the Tiler's door and the door of preparation. The Sphynx, it 
 has already been said, was an Egyptian symbol of mystery, and as such 
 was placed over the doors of the Egyptian temples as an indication of 
 the mystic nature of the rites therein celebrated. What more appro- 
 priate symbol could then be placed upon the doors of a Masonic Lodge? 
 Each in its grotesque attitude seems to speak from its elevated pannel 
 in the language of the ancient hierophant, procut, } procul, este pro- 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 415 
 
 fani. Away, ye profane and uninitiated, nor dare to mingle, with 
 unlawful curiosity, in the mystic forms of our solemn ritual. 
 
 I cannot conclude this brief description without calling your atten- 
 tion to the skillful and masterly style in which these decorations have 
 been executed by Messrs. Koch and Schneider, the artist< employed 
 for that purpose by the Hall Committee. A Masonic head may have 
 devi>ed the symbols and directed their collocation, but it is to the 
 artistic hands of these masters of their profession that we are indebted 
 for the successful carrying out of the plans, and the admirable embodi- 
 ment, of the ideas which were submitted to them. 
 
 Having thus executed the trust confided to them, the Hall Committee 
 now present the Hall to their bre:hren as a fitting asylum, in which once 
 more to resume our mystic rites. The valuable impressions that will 
 be made upon our minds as we nightly assemble around our common 
 altar, will be, tl ey believe, no inadequate compensation for the time, 
 the trouble, and the expense that have been incurred in their execution. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 5th of December, 1854. This 
 being the annual night of election, Brother Alfred Price was reelected 
 Grand Master. 
 
 The opposition to the proxy system, which to some extent had 
 always existed in the Grand Ledge, was now beginning to develop 
 itself more fully. Two attacks were made upon it at this Communi- 
 cation. One of them, being a resolution by Brother E. Bull, that 
 votes by proxy slv uld not hereafter be exercised in the election of the 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge, was ruled out of order by the Grand 
 Master, as affecting the inherent rights of the Subordinate Lodges. 
 The other was an amendment to the Constitution, proposed by Brother 
 il. \V. Schroder, that no member be allowed to hold more than one 
 proxy. This was, however, in consequence of the absence of the 
 mover, not acted on at the subsequent Quarterly Communication, and 
 was never again considered. But the spirit of reform was making slow 
 yet certain progress, and these two motions were an evidence of its life 
 and activity, which were in time to be fully developed. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist, and the centennial anniver- 
 sary (as was then believed,) of the establishment of a Provincial Grand 
 Lodge, were celebrated with unusual demonstrations. The Grand 
 Lodge assembled at Masonic Hall, at 10 o'clock, on the morning of the 
 27th of December, L864. lirother A. E. Miller, Past Grand Master, 
 installed Brother Alfred Price, the Graud Master elect, who then 
 installed the other officers. 
 
416 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 The Grand Lodge then proceeded to the celebration of the centen- 
 nial anniversary of the organization of a Provincial Grand Lodge in 
 this State. 
 
 A procession was formed under the direction of the Grand Marshal, 
 in the following order: 
 
 Symbolic Lodges according to the dates of their warrants, the younger 
 
 first. 
 
 Chapters of Royal Arch .Masons. 
 
 Grand Chapter of the State. 
 
 Royal and Select Masons. 
 
 Rose Croix Masons. 
 
 Knights Templars, as an escort of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret. 
 
 Supreme Council of the 33d Degree. 
 
 Grand Tiler. 
 
 Grand Stewards. 
 
 Grand Pursuivant with the Sword of State. 
 
 Members of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Guests of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Grand Officers. 
 
 Grand Chaplain, 
 
 Preceded by the Holy Bible bor ;e by an aged Mason. 
 
 Past Grand Masters. 
 
 Deputy Grand Misters. 
 
 Grand Master, 
 
 Preceded by the Book of Constitutions, borne by the Master of the 
 
 olde-t Lodge. 
 
 The procession then moved through Weutworth, Meeting, Calhoun, 
 King, Broad and Meeting streets, to the Hall of the South Caioliua 
 Institute, where the following order of exercises wis observed : 
 
 Anthem — " Let there be light." 
 
 Prayer, by Brother J. H. II nour, (acting as Giand Chaplain.) 
 
 Anthem — " When Earth's foundations." 
 
 Oration, by Brother S. Henry Dickson, M.D., P. M. o! Lodge No. 14. 
 
 Ode by th<j Craft — " Hail Masonry divine." 
 
 Benediction, by the Grand Chaplaiu. 
 
 The procession was thou reformed and returned through Meeting 
 aud Weutworth streets to the Lodge room, wliere, ufier-a vole o* thauks 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 41 7 
 
 to the Orator aud to the musicians and choir, the Grand Lodge was 
 closed. 
 
 At G o'clock, P. M., the Craft began to assemble in the Lodge room. 
 At half past G the whole building was splendidly illuminated by means 
 of more than five hundred candles almost simultaneously lighted in all 
 the windows of the second and third stories. At 7 o'clock the Craft 
 were inirohcd, with the enlivening air of the band, to the banqueting 
 room, where four tables bad been laid for the accommodation of about 
 two hundred brethren. According to the immemorial usage of the 
 Craft none but Masons were permitted to be present. The Grand 
 Master presided in the East, assisted by the Senior Grand Warden in 
 the West, and the Junior Grand Warden in the South, while the Craft 
 were attentively waited on by the Grand Stewards aided by the Com- 
 mittee of Arrangements, everything being conducted according to 
 those ancient customs which are now only preserved at Masonic 
 festivals. 
 
 The tables were furnished by Mr. Rutjes, in his very best style. 
 Everything that the markets could supply in the way of edibles was 
 there, and the beautiful Masonic decorations which were profusely scat- 
 tered aloi.g the tab.'es in the form of temples, banners. &c., were the 
 admiration -of many persons who visited the hall in the course oi the 
 afternoon to examine them. 
 
 At 9 o'clock, the cloth having been removed, the order was given 
 by the Grand Master to "charge in the East, West aud South," wheu 
 the following regular air: volunteer toasts were enthusiastically drunk : 
 
 1. Fni' masonry. — Standing on the firm basis of Divine truth, its 
 superstructure has arisen as a venerable monument of the wisdom of 
 its founders and the long tried fidelity of its children. 
 
 The "Entered Apprentice's Song'' was now sung by Bro. Sloman, 
 in his very best style — the who c company joining in the chorus, with 
 the spirit an 1 enthusiasm that it always inspires among the Fraternity. 
 
 'J.. The Day ire Celtbiute, — The seed planted one hundred years ago 
 has grown, and strengthened, and expanded into a stately tree, beneath 
 Vihuse protecting shade thousands of grateful disciples now recline. 
 
 3. Oar Past Graiu 1 Masters. — Worthy sueccssirs of a venerable 
 line, they have well and faithfully filled the Oriental Chair — the respect 
 and esteem of their brethren follow them in their retirement. 
 
 Bro. A. E. Miller, 1'ast Grand Master, replied, and after having 
 alluded in affecting terms to those brethren who, since his initiation, 
 had occupied the Oriental Chair, so many of whom had been called 
 27 
 
418 HISTORY OF FREEMASOXRY 
 
 away by the Grand Architect, leaving almost himself alone as a memo- 
 rial of the times that are past, he coucluded by offering the following 
 sentiment: 
 
 The Memory of the deceased Grand Masters of our day, Bacof, Cog- 
 dell, Edwards, Eckhard and Norris.— They erected their Masonic 
 edifice on a firm foundation : the perfect Ashlar of Brotherly Love, 
 Relief and Truth. 
 
 Drunk standing and in silence. 
 
 4. The Orator of the Day. — He has so united the ornaments of 
 rhetoric with the gravity of truth, so mingled the beautiful in stylo 
 with the useful in matter, as to have given equal pleasure and instruc- 
 tion to his delighted auditors. 
 
 Brother Dickson briefly returned thanks, and offered the following : 
 
 The Grand Lodge of South Carolina. — May its next centennial an- 
 niversary find it as ably officered, as worthily represented, and as happily 
 met together as the present. 
 
 Drunk with the public Grand Honors. 
 
 M. W. Brother Alfred Price returned thanks in behalf of the Grand 
 Lodge, and proposed the following sentiment: 
 
 The Subordinate Lodges of this Jurisdiction. — May they go on in- 
 creasing in numbers, zeal and prosperity. 
 
 5. The Ineffable Degrees. — The magnificent entablature that sur- 
 mounts the solid pediment of Ancient Craft Masonry — the graceful 
 vine that encircles and decorates the massive trunk of the primitive 
 Institution. 
 
 Brother John H. Honour, Grand Commander of the Ancient and 
 Accepted Rite for the Southern Jurisdiction, replied in an able defence 
 of that rite from the unwarrantable attacks of Brother Mitchell, the 
 editor of the Masonic Signet, and concluded with the following senti- 
 ment: 
 
 Ancient Craft Masonry. — The basis upon which the entire super- 
 structure of Freemasonry is erected. Destroy that and the edifice falls 
 into ruin. 
 
 6. Our Brethren throughout the World.' — Light to the uninformed, 
 consolation to the unhappy, and relief to the distressed. 
 
 7. Our Sister Jurisdictions. — United with us in identity of purpose, 
 and cemented by the intimate relationship of our mystic tie, we rejoice 
 in their prosperity as our own. 
 
 8. Ihe Masonic Press. — Its conductors are the watchful sentinels on 
 the outposts of our Order. Like the Consuls of ancient Rome, it is 
 
IN SOUTII CAROLIS.v. 41<j 
 
 their duty to see that the commonwealth of Masonry receive no 
 harm. 
 
 Brother Albert G. Mackey, editor of the Masonic Miscellany, replied. 
 He took occasion to nSvert to the importance of literary research in the 
 investigation of the true, scientific and philosophical objects of Free- 
 masonry, and after a brief sketch of the progress oi Masonic literature 
 in Kuiope and in this country, he gave the following: 
 
 Tin- Literature of Masonry. — The only key with which the initiated 
 can obtain access- to the subli ne truths and the divine principles of the 
 Institution, as they lie enshrined within their secret casket of symbol- 
 is in. 
 
 9. Woman. — That she is not present with us in the labors of our 
 Lodges is our Loss, not hers; for we miss the encouragement, of her 
 smile and the example of her tenderness, }et the Mason never forgets 
 the Mason's widow and the Mason's orphan daughter. 
 
 In the course of the evening the following among many other volun- 
 teer sentiments were given : 
 
 By Brother J. A. Gyles, one of the Committee of Arrangements: 
 
 The Order of Knights Templars. — Its ancient followers found a wel- 
 come refuge in the bosom of our Institution from the oppression of an 
 avaricious King and perfidious Pope — their successors have well repaid 
 the hospitality by their devotion to the true interests of Freemasonry. 
 
 Brother T. S. Gourdin, Eminent Commander of South Carolina En- 
 campment No. 1, returned thanks, and offered the following: 
 
 The Grand and Universal Design of Freemasonry — to inculcate a 
 knowledge of the true God and a reverence for His most holy name. 
 May Masons of all degrees be ever mindful of the sublime object of 
 our Ancient Order. 
 
 By Brother George H. Walter, one of the committee : 
 
 The Benevolent Societies of our City. — Although not concealed like 
 our own by the veil of mystery, they, like Masonry, are founded on 
 the imperishable principle of brotherly love. 
 
 By Brother A. G. Mackey, one of tiie committee : 
 
 Our Past Grand Master, Brother C. M. Furman. — As a citizen we 
 respect him, as a Past Graud Master we honor him, as a Mason we 
 love him. 
 
 Brother Furman returned thanks for the enthusiastic manner in 
 which this sentiment was received, and, after a brief but interesting 
 reference to the progress of the Iustitutiou in this city a;,d State, 
 offered the following : 
 
420 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Masonry. — Prison fides facto, seel fama pcrennis. 
 
 By Brother 0. Z. Waldron, one of the committee: 
 
 The Grand Marsltal and his Assistants. — Tlie baton of authority was 
 never placed in better hands, nor more efficiently wielded than on the 
 present occasion. 
 
 Brother Henry Buist, Grand Marshal, returned thanks in behalf of 
 his assistants, and offered the following: 
 
 The First Masonic Martyr. — That distinguished Tyran Artist who 
 sacrificed his life in defence of his integrity. Let every Mason vene- 
 rate his memory and imitate his example. 
 
 By Brother J. A. Chapman, of Edgefield : 
 
 Success and prosperity to the brethren of the Rose Croix and all the 
 high degrees. 
 
 Brother Archibald Armstrong, Senior Warden of Pelican Chapter 
 of Rose Croix, returned thanks, and offered the following: 
 
 Ancient Craft Masonry. — In whatever country and uuder whatever 
 name, it is revered by all true Masons. 
 
 By Brother E. J. Anderson : 
 
 Masonry. — The only human institution that improves with time and 
 grows strong with age. May it flourish in immortal youth, unhurt 
 amid the war of elements, the wreck of matter and the crash of worlds. 
 
 By Brother E. Thayer: 
 
 The Centennial Celebration of 1954. — The Craft may then exhibit 
 a more imposing procession, but they will not excel the brethren of 
 this in fervency, zeal or devotion to the sublime principles of the 
 OHcr. 
 
 By Brother A. Armstrong: 
 
 The Governor of the State of South Carolina. — The high-toned 
 gentleman and the true and accepted Mason. Not more loved by the 
 State at large than by his brethren of the mystic tie. 
 
 By Brother John Sloman : 
 
 Freemasonry. — The moral girdle of the world. 
 
 By Brother I. D. Mordecai, of Columbia : 
 
 The Centennial Anniversary. — The only regret we have on this occa- 
 sion is that it cannot occur ot'tener than once a century. 
 
 By Brother C. F. Lewis, of Augusta : 
 
 Masonic Charity. — Like the dews of Heaven it falls silent and 
 unseen, but not unielt. 
 
 By Brother G. J. Levy: 
 
 The Anniversary we have this day commemorated. — May the bright 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 421 
 
 eyes and warm heart? it has brought together never be dimmed by 
 Borrow or chilled by disappointment. 
 
 By Brother A. Moroso : 
 
 The Gummift'-e of Arrangements . — They are entitled to our thanks 
 for the admirable manner in which they have executed the designs laid 
 down upon the trestle board of the Grand LoJ^e. 
 
 By Urother T. S. Gourdin : 
 
 The Sprig of Acacia. — The symbjl of immortality beyond the 
 grave. May we, the trials of life being ended, receive the crown pre- 
 pared for the Elect of Truth. 
 
 By Brother Albert G. Mackey : 
 
 The Three Precious Jewels of a Mason. — The ear that can hear the 
 cry of distress, the tongue that pronounces no slander, and the breast 
 that can feel for the misfortunes of a brother. 
 
 Many other sentiments were drunk, speeches made and songs sun?, 
 and St. John's Day having been seen through, the Craft adjourned at 
 a reasonable hour— .'or the occasion— with that sobriety, peace and 
 harmony which always distinguish Masonic banquets. 
 
42'3 HISTORY OE FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER XLYIII. 
 
 THE YEAR 1855. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1855; 
 
 Alfred Price, Grand Master; 
 
 Job Johnston, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 EBENEZER THAYER, Senior Grand Warden, 
 
 JoiIN A. GYLES, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 ELIAS B. Hort, Grand Chaplain; 
 
 J. H. HONOUR, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 A. G. MaOKKY, M.D., Grand Secretary ; 
 
 J. C. Beck mann, ) _ . • 
 
 n tt w f Senior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 LrEO. H. WALTER, ) ' 
 
 G. Z. W ALB-RON, > j . n rn 
 
 > Junior Grand Deacons? 
 L J. Dawson, ) 
 
 Henry BuiST, Grand Marshal; 
 
 A. Armstrong, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 J. G. Lege, 
 
 Grand Stewards ; 
 
 K. E. Scriven, 
 
 Samuel Seyle, Grand Tiler; 
 
 A. G. MACKEY, Grand Lecturer. 
 
 Special Communication on the 9th of January, 1855, which was 
 called for the adjudication of an unusual question. At the Communi- 
 cation in the preceding September, a warrant of constitution had been 
 granted to Claremont Lodge No. 64, at Sumterville. The Warrant was 
 made out by the Grand Secretary in the usual form, with the names of 
 the Master and Wardens who had been nominated in the previous dis- 
 pensation. In December, the Grand Master himself being unable to 
 attend, he had deputed a Past Master as his special proxy to repair to 
 Sumterville and to constitute the Lodge and install the officers. On 
 his arrival at that place he proceeded to open a Lodge and to discharge 
 the duty with which he had been invested. Unfortunately, however, 
 through a misapprehension of his powers, he permitted an election to 
 be held and new officers to be chosen, whom he installed at once into 
 office, instead of those who were Darned in the warrant. The old 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA 423 
 
 Master, under the dispensation, and whose name had been inserted in 
 the warrant, but who had been removed by the new election, protested 
 against these proceedings, and the Grand Master, on receiving the 
 protest, issued his decree, prohibiting the Lodge from work until the 
 opinion of the Grand Lodge could be obtained. 
 
 On an investigation of all the circumstances, the Grand Lodge de- 
 clared the whole proceedings to be irregular and illegal, and revoked 
 the warrant, but as the members of the Lodge were guiltless of a willful 
 violation of law, it issued a new warrant, and permitted the Lodge to 
 be reconstituted and to proceed to labor. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the (3th of .March, 1855. The Grand 
 Lo !ge adopted a series of regulations for conducting Masonic trials, 
 which had beon proposed by the Grand Secretary at the Communication 
 iu December, 1854. 
 
 One of the Lodges in the city having entertained the petition of a 
 candidate, who is described to have been slightly lame from an old dis- 
 location o' - the hip, but otherwise unaffected with any deformity, the 
 Grand Master prohibited his initiation. An appeal from this decision 
 was made to the Grand Lodge, and a petition presented by the Master 
 and Wardens for permission to confer the degrees on the candidate. 
 The subject was referred to a committee, on whose report, after a full 
 discussion, it was determined "that a person, who is lame from a dis- 
 location of the hip, is excluded from initiation by the law of the Book 
 of Constitutions of South Carolina, which requires every candidate to 
 be upright iu body, not deformed or dismembered, but of hale and 
 entire limbs as a man ought to be." 
 
 Special Communication on the 3d of May, 1S55, when the question 
 of the physical qualifications of candidates, which has just been 
 alluded to, was adjudicated. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 5th of June, 1855. A point of 
 Masonic jurisprudence was determined at this Communication. J. 
 31. \V., a member of Washington Lodge No. 5, had been brought 
 before the Lodge on charges of unmasonic conduct.. While the trial 
 was pending, on the motion of one of the members, a demit was 
 granted to the accused, and be subsequently became affiliated with 
 Pythagorean *Lodge No. 21. Complaint being made by one of the 
 members of Washington Lodge, and the circumstances being thus 
 brought to the notice of the Grand Lodge, it at once declared the 
 election of J. M. W. in Pythagorean Lodge to be null and void, 
 restored him to membership in Washington Lodge, aud directed that 
 
424 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Lodge forthwith to conclude the trial and to determine on the charges 
 whijh had been preferred against him. Washington Lodge unhesi- 
 tatingly obeyed the mandate, and the accused was subsequently indefi- 
 , nitely suspended by the Lodge. Washington Lodge was also called 
 upon to show cause why it should not be censured for its action in the 
 premises, but, on its ready compliance with the instructions of the 
 Grand Lodge, the motion for censure was withdrawn. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 3d of September, 1855. The 
 Grand Lodge determined to form a Masonic library, and the sum of 
 one hundred dollars was appropriated for that purpose. This money 
 was expended under the direction of a committee and the nucleus of a 
 valuable library obtained, but uo further appropriation was ever made, 
 and the library has not since been increased except by the reception of 
 the proccedngs of our sister Grand Lodges. 
 
 The yellow fever having invaded the cities of Norfolk and Ports- 
 mouth, in Virginia, during the summer, and prevailing there as an 
 epidemic, the Grand Lodge appropriated the sum of fifty dollars for the 
 relief of any suffering Masons in those places, and requested the ci y 
 Lodges to make contributions for the same object. 
 
 Special Communication on the 1st of December, 1855. Warrants 
 were granted to VYillianiston Lodge No. -4, at Williamston, and Friend- 
 ship Lodge No. 25, at Kirksey's Cross Koads. Several eases of appeal 
 were considered at this Communication, but as they involve no new or 
 interesting question of Masonic law, they need not be referred to 
 more particularly. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 4th of December, 1855. The 
 Grand Lodge, in a case coming from Hiram Lodge No. 68, refused to 
 entertain an appeal made against the decision of a Lodge by a third 
 party, not immediately interested in, or affected by, the decision. The 
 aggrieved party only, it was said, could appeal to the Grand Lodge for 
 redress. A committee, consisting of A. G. Mackey, J. II. Honour, Z. 
 B Oakes, S. J. Hull and II. Buist, was appointed to prepare the ex- 
 emplar of a code of by-laws to be used by all Subordinate Lodges in 
 framing their by-laws. The Grand Lodge had hitherto been much 
 annoyed by the fact that new Lodges, from ignorance of the consti- 
 tutions of Masonry, were continually submitting for approval, regulations 
 that were in violation of the ancient landmarks and usages of the 
 Craft. It was, therefore, supposed, that if a form of by laws appro- 
 priate for the government of Lodges was to be prepared by competent 
 brethren, and given to the Subordinates as an exemplar, by which they 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 425 
 
 might in future frame their regulations, leave being given for the 
 alteration or insertion of any clauses necessary for the local government 
 of each, that a precaution woi Id be supplied against the involuntary com- 
 mission of error in the adoption, by Subordinate Lodges, of rules which 
 were not conformable to the principles of Masonry. The remedy has, 
 in general, been found effectual. The code of by-laws was reported at 
 the Communication in .March, 1856, and adopted, and nearly all of the 
 Lodges which have been warranted since that date, or which have 
 revised their by laws, have conformed to the exemplar recommended by 
 the Grand Lodge. 
 
 The sum of one hundred and fifty dollars was appropriated by the 
 Grand Lodge towards the assistance of the Cokesbury Masonic College. 
 
 It was ordered, that a correspondence should, if agreeable, be estab- 
 lished with the Grand Orient of Peru, and Brother Juan Grime, of 
 Lima, was appointed the representative of the Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina in that body. 
 
 T.'.e Grand Lodge proceeded to the election of Grand Officers, and 
 Alfred Price was reelected Grand Master. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated. There 
 was no public procession, but Brother A. E Miller, Past Grand Master, 
 having installed the Grand Master elect, the latter installed the other 
 officers, and the Grand Lodge being closed, the brethren proceeded to 
 the banqueting hall and celebrated the Grand Feast with the usual 
 festivities. 
 
42(3 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CKAPTEE XLIX. 
 
 THE TEAK 1856. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1856 : 
 
 Alfred Price, Grand Master; 
 
 Job Johnston, Deputy Grand Matter ; 
 
 A. Campbell, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 G. Z. WALDRON, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 ELIAS 15. HoRT, Grand Chaplain; 
 
 J. II. Honour, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 A. G. MACKEY, M D., Grand Secretary ; 
 
 J. C. Bkckmann, ) . 
 
 T ,„ t, ( Senior brand Deacons ; 
 
 J. 15. Fraser, J ' 
 
 W»I. Lee, 1 t • sy i n 
 
 J- Junior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 C. Froneberger, ) 
 
 P. K. CoBURN, Grand Marshal ; 
 
 A. Armstrong, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 • " J "' < > [• Grand Stewards; 
 
 ft. P.. SCRIVEN, ) 
 
 Samuel Seyle, Grand Tiler ; 
 
 Albert G. Mackey, M.D., Grand Lecturer. 
 
 Special Communication on the 31st of December, 1855, but no busi- 
 ness of historical interest was transacted. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 4th of March, 1856. The code of 
 by-laws for the government of Subordinate Lodges, which had been 
 ordered to be prepared by a committee, was submitted by Brother 
 Mackey, the chairman, and adopted. 
 
 At the previous Communication charges of an important nature had 
 been preferred by Orangeburg Lodge No. 28, against a neighboring 
 Lodge, Humility No. 12, at Branchvillc. These charges had been as 
 usual referred to a committee, who made a report accompanied with 
 resolutions, the adoption of which settled the following points of 
 Masonic law in this jurisdiction : 
 
 1. That the use of anything other than oral instruction (except that 
 which is monitorial) in the working of a Lodge is highly reprehensible. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 40^ 
 
 and is strictly forbidden. This resolution was more especially directed 
 against the use of improper and unauthorized printed Hooks. 
 
 2. That the fact of being under charges *at the time does not ex- 
 clude a Mason from the privilege of preferring charges against another 
 
 3. That charges cannot be preferred against the presiding officer to 
 the Lodge, while he occupies the chair and exercises the functions of 
 Master, although he may not be the actual Master of the Lodge. In 
 this case the Senior Warden occupied the chair, the Master being ab- 
 sent, and refused to entertain a charge preferred against himself, and 
 the Grand Lodge by this decision sustained him in his refusal. 
 
 The Grand Lodge abolished the regulation which prescribe)] a stated 
 fee to the Tiler, leaving bis compensation to be determined by each par- 
 ticular Lodge. 
 
 The custom of applying to the Grand Master for dispensations to 
 confer degrees at less intervals than those prescribed by the Constitu- 
 tion, by which Masons were often made too rapidly either for their own 
 good or that of the Fraternity, bad at length become an evil of such 
 magnitude an to demand the serious attention of the Grand Lodge. 
 The most obvious remedy would certainly have been the positive refusal 
 of the Grand Master to grant any more dispensations in what were in- 
 correctly called "cases of emergency." The Grand Lodge, however, 
 adopted the doubtful method of imposing a prohibitory tax, amounting 
 to fifty dollars, on the granting of all such dispensations. I call this 
 a doubtful method, because the dispensing prerogative is an inherent 
 right vested in the Grand Master by the landmarks, and it is at least 
 questionable whether the Grand Lodge can by the imposition of an exces- 
 sive tax attempt to restrict the exercise of that prerogative. 1 have li tie 
 doubt that the new regulation is au unconstitutional one, and that the 
 Grand Master may still grant dispensations for conferring degrees with- 
 out any respect to the payment of the said tax. The law seems indeed 
 to have been a dead loiter since its enactment, for there is not a single 
 case recorded of the imposition or the collection of the dispensing fee. 
 
 Special Communication on the 19th of April, 1856. A warrant of 
 constitution was granted to Buford Lodge No. 27, at Buford's Bridge, 
 in Barnwell District. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 3d of June, 1856. Communica- 
 tions were received from the Independent Grand Lodge of Canada, 
 which had lately been organized, and from the Provincial Grand Lodge 
 of the same territory, both of which were referred to a special com- 
 mittee for consideration. 
 
428 L'ISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 During the last month the Grand Lodge had met with a loss in the 
 death of its venerable Grand Tiler, Bro. Samuel Scyle, who was one of 
 the oldest. Masons in the jurisdiction, and who from the time of his 
 initiation, in 1808, to the day of his death, had continued without inter- 
 ruption an active member of the Institution. The announcement of 
 his death by the Grand Master was followed by the adoption of appro- 
 priate resolutions of respect for his memory. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 2d of September, 1856. Warrants 
 were granted to Ridgeway Lodge No. 30, at Ridgeway, and to Johnson 
 Lodge No. 32, at Goshen Hill. 
 
 In the course of a report on an appeal, the committee expressed the 
 opinion, in which the Grand Lodge concurred, that it was not unma- 
 Bonic for one Mason to sue another for money justly due, provided the 
 suit is conducted without harshness or vindictiveness. 
 
 In another report on an appeal from expulsion by Greenwood Lodge 
 No. 91, the appeal was sustained, and the appellant restored, on the 
 grounds that the charges were made, not by an accuser, but by a com- 
 mittee of the Lodge, that no time nor place of trial was appointed, that 
 the trial commenced at a special and not at a regular Communication, 
 and that visitors were permitted to be present at the trial. The Grand 
 Lodge adopted the report, and thus confirmed these principles of law 
 which had previously been recognized in the regulations for Masonic 
 trials. 
 
 Special Communication on the 12th of November, 1850. Bro. A. 
 G. Mackey was recognized as the Representative of the Grand Orient 
 of Venezuela, and Bro. J. L. Pardo appointed the Representative of 
 the Grand Lodge of South Carolina to that Grand Orient. 
 
 A warrant was granted to Aurora Lodge No. 33, at Clio, in Marl- 
 boro' District. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 2d of December, 1856. Tho 
 annual election was held, and Alfred Price was reelected Grand Master. 
 
 The year 1856 will ever be memorable in the history of Masonry in 
 South Carolina, as the era in which a great system of reform in the 
 organization of the Grand Lodge was inaugurated. In this year the 
 principle of proxy representation was directly and openly attacked, 
 and a constitutional effort was made to restore the true system of 
 representation by Masters and Wardens. The proxy system, that, 
 namely, by which Past Masters, living in the city of Charleston, 
 were made the representatives of two and sometimes of more Lodges, 
 situated in the country, of which they were not necessarily members, 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 42tf 
 
 had long been viewed with disapprobation by a considerable portion of 
 the Fraternity. The objections to the sy>tcm were manifold, but princi- 
 pally, that the appointments of proxies were n it annually renewed, in 
 consequence of which non-rcmwal, it was possible that one person 
 might for years hold a position for which he was evidently unfitted, or 
 from which he could only be removed by a vote of the Lodge, which, 
 as implying censure, it was difficult to obtain and indelicate to propose. 
 In ltf^O, an attempt had been made to remove this objectionable 
 feature, but without success, for the friends of the proxy system seem 
 always to have been wedded to its imperfections as well as to its ad- 
 vantages, if it had any. Again, the proxy appointed by a Lodge in 
 the country, was, necessarily, a resident in Charleston, and was thus, in 
 almost every instance, ignorant o( the wants and feelings of the Lodge 
 which he represented. Thirdly, as one person could hold several 
 proxies, at no time less than two, for each of which he was entitled to 
 one vote, besides his own as a member of the Grand Lodge, the pre- 
 ponderance of power was placed in the hands of the holders of proxies, 
 who thus were enabled to carry any point in the Grand Lodge, by their 
 additional votes, over the wishes of an actually greater number of per- 
 sons who might not be so fortunate as to be in possession of pivxies. 
 Fourthly, as the Grand Lodge made no provision for the payment of 
 the actual representatives of country Lodges in their attendance on the 
 Communications in the city of Charleston, and as besides the four 
 Quarterly Communications, many special ones were convened in each 
 year, at any one of which it was held that the Grand Lod<:e could 
 transact any busin ss, except acting on amendments to t!:e ( 'onstitution, 
 (which exception was, however, only of recent date,) it is evident that 
 the country Lodges Were const mined to depend on their proxies for any 
 representation that they might have, and as these proxies could at any 
 lime resign, when the instructions given to them were ai.tagouistic to 
 (heir own views, and thus leave the Lodges which they were said to 
 represent actually without representation,* it is equally evident that 
 the Communications of the Grand Lid-,' were really neither more nor 
 thin meetings of the Masters, Wardens and Past Masters of tLe 
 city liodges, with an uuequal distribution of votes. 
 
 * A circumstance of ilii- kind actually took place in 1n.'>s. when the proxy of 
 a Lodgr, situated ISA milis from Charleston, resigned bis. proxyship on the day 
 of tlu' Communication of the Grand Lodge, rather than obey instruction* and 
 
 lor tin 1 proposed amendments. And the Lodge, on that occasion, lust its 
 vote. 
 
. i3 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 These objectionable features, derived from the innovation introduced 
 into the schismatic Grand Lodge of Kngland in the last century by 
 Laurence Dermott, and perpetuated in the Ancient York Lodges of 
 this country, in one o r which Dr. Dalcho, the compiler of the .South 
 Carolina Hook of Constitutions, had been initiated, had long been seen 
 by many of the Craft, and efforts had, from time to lime, been unsuc- 
 cessfully made towards a reformation. 
 
 As far back as the year 1822, Palmetto Lodge No. 19, at Laurens- 
 ville, had sent a protest to the Grand Lodge against the general char- 
 acter of the Constitution, which had then lately been adopted, and 
 which it characterized as "wanting in that just proportion of parts 
 which is essential to the beauty and strength of every structure raised 
 upon the principles which we profess," and whose provisions it declared 
 tj be "burthensome and oppressive." Especially did this Lodge, which 
 was the pioneer in reformatiun, object to the system of proxies, and 
 declare that "from several years' experience they had found it worse 
 than useless to appoint a proxy in Charleston." 
 
 But the Lodge soon discovered that the attempt to move their supe- 
 riors by a protest was as useless as they had found the appointment of 
 a proxy, for the committee of the Grand Lodge, to whom the commu- 
 nication of Palmetto Lodge had been referred, without any attempt to 
 con. bat the arguments or reply to the objections of the document, con- 
 cluded their report with what must have se( med to them a very satisfac- 
 tory if not a very courteous solution of the problem, by declaring that 
 "the Grand Lodge knows how to preserve its own diguity and to 
 manage its own concerns." 
 
 The brusqueness of tj»is decision seems for a time to have paralyzed 
 the active spirit of reformation, and the proxy system for a long time 
 prevailed without further opposition. Two other causes, however, con- 
 tributed to this result. In the first place, about the year 1828 Masonry 
 began seriously to decline in South Carolina as in every other part 
 of the Republic, and the country Lodges falling, with a very few ex- 
 ceptions, into decay, the proxy system became almost nominal in its 
 operation. It remained, it is true, upon the statute book, but there 
 was no necessity nor opportunity for its exercise. Again in 1841 the 
 Grand Lodge, by the erection of a Hall, became encumbered with a 
 heavy debt, and it was well known that any attempt to introduce a sys- 
 tem of representation from the country would be altogether impracti- 
 cable in the only way which could make that system effectual, namely, 
 by the payment of the expenses of the representatives. An attempt 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA 43 1 
 
 to introduce an amendment into the Constitution, 'he tendency o" which 
 Would have been to divert any portion of the funds of the Grand Lodge 
 from the liquidation of the debt which it had incurred, would not hate 
 met with the least prospect of success. l>ut until the paid representa- 
 tive system could be adopted, the very friends of the reformation found 
 it better to retain the proxy system, bad as it was, than by its abolition 
 to destroy all chance of any representation of the countiy Lodges at 
 all. Even then, however, attempts were made, some wisely and some 
 rather unwisely, to improve the system, and it has already been seen 
 that Bro. II. W. Schroder, one of the earliest and most consistent op- 
 ponents of the system, had, in 1854, proposed as an amendment to the 
 Constitution that no member of the Grand Lodge should be entitled to 
 hold more than one prosy. Tins amendment was never acted on, and, 
 indeed, although based u| on the principles of equity, its adoption would 
 have disfranchised many of tlic country Lodges, of which the number 
 was at that time greater than the number of Past Masters in the Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 The Grand Secretary, Bro. A. G. Mackoy, (and I am obliged to make 
 this personal reference for the sake of preserving all the links in this 
 narrative,) had long been convinced that the system of representation, 
 or as it might more properly be called of misrepresentation, by proxies, 
 was in direct opposition to the principles and the most ancient usages 
 and landmarks of the Order, and that in its operation it was unjust to 
 all the country Lodges. These views he had repeatedly expressed, but 
 had, at the same time, indicated his willingness to refrain from any 
 attack upon it until the improved pecuniary condition of the Grand 
 Lodge should render it practicable to substitute for it the system ol 
 paid representatives. 
 
 Seeing, however, in the present year, 1850, that the debt of the 
 Grand Lodge was in a fair way towards liquidation, that its revenues 
 were largely augmented, and that the country Lodges were crcatly 
 increased in numbers, he at length, in the early part of the year, 
 made known to such of the country Lodges as he officially visited, his 
 intention to propose, at the Communication in December, such amend- 
 ments to the Constitution as would p oduce the necessary change. In 
 making his annual report, at that Communication, he announced his 
 intention in these words: 
 
 \11 that ia now Ranting t<> give our jurisdiction an elevated place 
 among the Masonic bodies of the Union is a reform in the organization 
 of the Grand Lodge, whose present Constitution, however it may have 
 
432 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 been excused, when the Masonry of the State was principally concen- 
 trated in the city of Charleston, is totally unfitting to the government 
 of a jurisdiction whose large majority of constituents reside in the 
 country. The system of proxies, by which the promise of a represen- 
 tation of the country Lodges is made to the car and broken to the 
 sense, should be, I think, at once abolished, the mileage and per diem 
 allowance of at least one representative from every Lodge should be 
 paid. An Annual Communication should be holden, at which one 
 might look around and behold, not merely the Masters and Wardens of 
 the city Lodges, as is now the case, but the officers or del gates of the 
 country Lodges, sitting in fraternal conclave with their city brethren, 
 to legislate for the whole State. When these necessary reforms arc 
 made, so as to assimilate our Grand Lodge to the condition of that of 
 every other State in the Union, when I shall sit in this Hall and see 
 myself surrounded, not by proxies, who, of course, can know but little 
 of the condition and wants of the Lodges which they represent, but 
 by the Masters and Wardens or at least the real representatives of 
 these fifty-four couutry Lodges as well as of the ten city ones, then, 
 indeed, will I feel that the task to which, for the best pirt of my life, 
 I have devoted myself, has been accomplished ; and, to the accomplish- 
 ment of that sacred duty do I henceforth consecrate the remaining 
 years of my life and the little talent and influence with which I may 
 be blessed, and to my assistance I invoke the fraternal aid of all who 
 hear, and of all our country brethren who .shall hereafter read this report. 
 As a commencement of the labor I shall, this evening, have the honor 
 to present a series of amendments to the Constitution, which I sincerely 
 trust will be but the beginning of a consummation most devoutly to be 
 wished for by all who value the true prosperity and usefulness of our 
 jurisdiction." 
 
 Accordingly, in the course of the evening, he introduced a scries of 
 amendments to the Constituion, the entire object of which was to 
 aoolish the whole system of proxy representation, aud to substitute for 
 it a representation by the Master and Wardens or one of them, the 
 expenses of one representative to be paid in coming to, continuing at 
 ar.d going from the Grand Lodge. It was deemed impolitic to 
 attempt the cure of every evil at once, and, therefore, the Quarterly 
 Communications were retained, but no business of any importance or 
 ge :eral interest to the Craft was to be permitted to be transacted at 
 them. 
 
 These amendments were under the constitutional provision read for 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 433 
 
 the first time, and final action on them was postponed to the March 
 Communication in 1857. Other amendments to the Constitution, the 
 effect of which would be, in some degree, to embarrass the aciion on 
 these, were proposed by opponents to the measure, but as they were 
 never acted on it is unnecessary to refer to them except in this general 
 way. All the amendments were then ordered to be printed and sent to 
 the Subordinate Lodges for their consideration. The first battle was to 
 take place in the following year, and to that period I postpone the 
 further narrative. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was duly celebrated by an 
 installation of the officers. The Grand Master elect having been first 
 installed by Brother A. E. Miller, Past Grand Master, then installed 
 the other officers, and the Grand Lod^e being closed, the brethren 
 repaired to the banqueting room and concluded the day with the fes- 
 tivities of the Grand Feast. 
 
 28 
 
434 ftlSTOK? OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER L. 
 
 THE YEAR 1857. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1857 : 
 
 Alfred Price, Grand Master ; 
 
 A. Campbell, Deputy. Grand Master; 
 
 HENRY Buist, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 A. RAMSAY, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 ELIAS B. Hort, Grand Chaplain; 
 
 John H. Honour, Grand Treasurer ; 
 
 Albert CI. Mackey, M.D., Grand Secretary ; 
 
 J. C. BECKMANN, ) u ■ sy 7 r. 
 
 ' > senior Grand Deacons; 
 J. B. Fraser, ) 
 
 \ Junior Grand Deacons ; 
 C. Froneberger, ) 
 
 P. K. CoBURN, Grand Marshal; 
 
 A. Armstrong, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 H. W. Schroder, ) 
 
 T r. -r, c Grand Stewards; 
 
 J. C. ItUNKEN, ) ' 
 
 Peter McIntire, Grand Tiler; 
 Albert G. Mackey, Grand Lecturer. 
 
 Special Communication on the 29th of January, 1857, for the elec- 
 tion of members, but no other business was transacted, except the 
 reading of a paper by the Grand Master, which will be hereafter re- 
 ferred to. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 3d of March, 1857. The real 
 business of the year may be said to have commenced with this Com- 
 munication. Never before, since the organization of the Grand Lodge, 
 had such a concourse of brethren assembled within the walls of the 
 Lodge room. The well known fact that, according to the legitimate 
 order of business, the amendments to the Constitution, which had been 
 proposed by Bro. Mackey, would come up for final action and adoption 
 or rejection, had secured a large representation from the country 
 Lodges. Fifty-one Lodges were represented, not by proxies, but by 
 their own delegates. Not a single proxy vote was to be cast. The 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 435 
 
 fir-t practical blow to the proxy system was thus cffcctunlly tiivcn, al- 
 though the advocates of the reform encountered a temporary failure in 
 pressing their measures to a consummation. 
 
 The address of the Grand Master, which had been delivered at the 
 Special Communication on the 29th of January, consisted of a series 
 of complaints against the Grand Secretary for official misconduct. 
 This address had been referred to a committee of seven, for examina- 
 tion of the charges. As the Grand Secretary might in some sense be 
 considered as the leader of the thorough reform which was now in pro- 
 gress, and as the Grand Master was warmly opposed to it and in favor 
 of a continuance of the old system, the Fraternity generally were nat- 
 urally inclined to consider the address and the action on it simply as 
 an episode in the main history of reform. The committee fully acquit- 
 ted the Grand Secretary of the charges, and the report was adopted by 
 an almost unanimous vote, the single negative vote being based, as the 
 giver of it stated, on a technical objection. 
 
 The party opposed to the reform, however, made use of all the par- 
 liamentary means in their power to postpone a vote on the amend- 
 ments, which it was soon seen would, if the question were put, be 
 triumphantly adopted Motions were, therefore, repeatedly made, the 
 tedious process of a vote by Lodges was called for on each, and speeches 
 and discussions spun out against time, until the hour of 12 at night 
 having arrived, the Grand Master decided that the Quarterly Commu- 
 nication was at an end, and that although he would call a Special Com- 
 munication of the Grand Lodge on the following evening for the 
 transaction of its ordinary business, yet he should refuse, on that 
 occasion, to entertaiu the amendments, because, by the Constitution, 
 they could only be acted on at the Quarterly Communication in March. 
 
 The Grand Lodge was then closed. 
 
 A Spciial Communication was convened on the following evening, 
 4th of March, 1*57. As a standing regulation of the Grand Lodge, 
 adopted on the I lth of December, 1853, was in these words: "The 
 Grand Lodge shall not be closed until the business before it shall have 
 been disposed of; and if it be found iui practicable to complete the 
 business in one evening, the Qrand Lodge shall be called off from labor 
 until .1 subsequent evening, which course shall be adopt* d until the 
 whole amount ot business, shall have been disposed ofj" it is manifest 
 that the decision of the Grand Master, made on the previoti* evening, 
 the Quarterly Commuuicatiou tcruiiusted at 12 o'clock ou tuut 
 
J36 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 night, and that he could Dot continue it by calling off until the next 
 clay, was in direct violation of this standing regulation. 
 
 As soon, therefore, as the Grand Lodge was opened at this Special 
 Communication, a solemn protest was presented by nineteen delegates 
 against this ruling, which being, by permission of the Grand Master, 
 read, was ordered to be inserted in the minutes, and thus the first con- 
 test for a reform terminated, unsuccessfully but not ingloriously. The 
 seed had been sown and the plant must grow. 
 
 The Grand Lodge then proceeded to the transaction of its ordinary 
 business. 
 
 Washington Lodge No. 71 petitioned for permission to remove from 
 Millway to Indian Hill, in Abbeville District, and the Grand Master 
 was authorized to grant the permission, on the said Lodge producing 
 the necessary recommendation from the Lodge nearest to Indian Hill. 
 
 Notwithstanding the failure of the first effort of the reformers, they 
 were not dispirited. A meeting was held by them in Charleston on the 
 day after the Quarterly Communication, when it was determined to 
 issue a circular to the Craft throughout the State, and to invite an un- 
 official convention, to be held at the city of Columbia on the 3d day of 
 May. A committee was appointed to carry this arrangement into 
 effect, of which Bro. Henry W. Schroder, the unflinching advocate for 
 the principles of the reformed Constitution, was very justly made the 
 chairman. This committee issued a circular, in which, after depicting 
 the grave errors of the present system of Grand Lodge legislation, and 
 the injustice which had been inflicted by the ruling of the Grand Mas- 
 ter at the late Quarterly Communication, they invited the Lodges 
 throughout the State to send delegates to a mass convention of the 
 Craft, to be holden at Columbia on the 3d of May, " peacefully and 
 fraternally to consult for the common good of the Order." 
 
 Notwithstanding that the Grand Master issued his proclamation for- 
 bidding the assembly, and denouncing it as illegal and contrary to the 
 regulations of the Ahimau Rezon, on the appointed day the delegates 
 of thirty-one Lodges met at the Congaree House, in Columbia, when 
 after calling Bro. Henry Buist, the Senior Grand Warden, to the chair, 
 and appointing Bro. Henry W. Schroder Secretary, a series of amendments 
 to the Grand Lodge Constitution was agreed upon, and Bro. Mackey 
 was requested to present them at the next Quarterly Communication of 
 the Grand Lodge. These amendments were substantially the same as 
 those which had been presented by Bro. Mackey, and which had been 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 437 
 
 defeated at the last Quarterly Communication. The principle of an- 
 tagonism to the proxy system existed in both. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 2d of June, 1857. The warrant 
 of La Candeur Lodge No. 30 was revived, on the condition that the 
 said Lodge, which had formerly worked in the French language and 
 French rite, should hereafter work in English and in the York rite. 
 
 The conte-t for reform was renewed. As another episode in its his- 
 tory it must be recorded that the Grand Master having called the atten- 
 tion of the Grand Lodge to the circular that had been issued, couvoking 
 the meeting in Columbia, charges were preferred, by one of the mem- 
 bers of the Grand Lodge, against all the brethren who had signed that 
 circular, in consequence of the language used by them in it.* As this 
 subject is of but little interest, except as developing a hostile feeling 
 then unfortunately existing, it may be as well to dismiss it by stating 
 that the charges were referred to a committee, who, at the Communica- 
 tion in December, reported that the whole matter was not worthy of 
 the attention of the Grand Lodge, and this report was adopted. By 
 this actiou, however, it was settled that Masons have a right to meet in 
 private convention, and to petition for a redress of grievances, or to 
 consult on the nature of the remedy to be devised for their relief. 
 
 It had now become evident, to the most unwilling minds, that the 
 spirit of reform was abroad, and that nothing less would satisfy it than 
 a revision of the Grand Lodge Constitution. Brother T. S. Gourdin, 
 therefore, at this Communication, offered a resolution which was adopted, 
 for the appointment of a committee to revise the Constitution and to 
 report, at their earliest convenience, such amendments and additions 
 thereto as they might deem expedient. But, as the mover of this 
 resolution had been known to be most active in his opposition to the 
 previous efforts at a revision, and as the committee which was appointed 
 under the resolution did not contain the name of a single brother who 
 ha 1 been pledged to reform, the frieuds of that measure looked upon 
 this proposition rather as a "sop to Cerberus" than as a genuine 
 promise to carry out their measures. Each one of the reformers was 
 ready to exclaim "Timco Danaos et dona //rentes." 
 
 Accordingly, in obedience to the resolution of the convention held 
 at Columbia, Brother Mackey presented the amendments which had 
 
 * The Grand Secretary was strangely included in the same charge, by another 
 member, although he was neither a member of the committee who had issued the 
 circular nor had signed the document. 
 
438 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 been agreed upon at that mee'ing. These amendments contemplated 
 a radical change in the legislation of the Grand Lodge. The system 
 of proxies was to be wholly and completely abolished. There was to 
 be an Annual Communication, at which each Lodge was to be repre- 
 sented by the Master and Wardens, or any one or two of them, or by 
 a delegate appointed by the Lodge or the Master, who must be either a 
 Past Master or Past Warden, and a member of the Lodge. The rep- 
 resentative or delegate was to be paid his traveling expenses in coming 
 to the Grand Lodge and in returning home, at the rate of ten cents 
 per mile for all travel on stages, and five cents per mile for all travel 
 on railroads, and two dollars per day for each day's attendance on the 
 Communication of the Grand Lodge. Each Lodge was to be entitled 
 to three votes, no matter what was the number of its representatives 
 present. The Quarterly Communications were still to be retained, for 
 the friends of reform, diffident of their own power, were unwilling to 
 ask too much, but these Communications were to be shorn of all power, 
 and no business relating to the general condition and interest of the 
 Craft was to be considered, except at the Annual Communication, 
 which was proposed to be held on the first Tuesday in November. 
 
 The amendments as thus read were of course, under the provisions of 
 the old Constitution, to lie upon the table until the Quarterly Commu- 
 nication in March, 1858. After they had been proposed, the Grand 
 Lodge was closed. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 1st of September, 1857. Warrants 
 were granted for three new Lodges: Centre No 37, at ITonea Path; 
 St. John's No. 41, at Bluffton; and Charity No. 62, at St. Matthew's 
 Parish. A rather singular history is connected with this last named 
 L idge. The dispensation for opening Charity Lodjre had been issii"d 
 by the Grand Mister in the year 1812. On the 7th of June in the 
 same year, application was made for a warrant of e: nstitution, which 
 the Grand Lodge declined, for some reason which i.s not recorded, to 
 grant at that time. The Lodge, therefore, continued to work under its 
 dispensation, which had not been revoked either by the Grand Master 
 or the Grand Lodge. The Lodge is situated in a very remote locality, 
 and, owing to the proxy system, had never been represented in the 
 Grand Lodge by any of its Masters or Wardens. The fact, therefore, 
 that it was without a warrant, and had so remained for fifteen years, 
 was wholly unknown to the officers of the Grand Lodge. It had from 
 time to time appointed a proxy, who had enjoyed the benefit of its 
 vote iu the Graud Lodge, but of course he was totally ignorant of the 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. \&Q 
 
 history or condition of the Lodge which ho represented. One of the 
 effects of the effort at reform, was to bring the Master of Charity Lodge 
 to the meeting of the Grand Lodge, when the fact was made known by 
 him to the Grand Secretary that his Lodge was without a charter. 
 After due enquiry upon the subject the facts were found to be correct, 
 when the long standing error was corrected, and a warrant was issued. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 1st of December, 1857. As this 
 was the constitutional night of election, and as the contest for officers 
 was a part of the great battle of reform in which the Grand Lodge was 
 now engaged, there was again a full representation of nearly all the 
 Lodges, the country Lodges having sent down their representatives at 
 the expense of the Lodges, and a great number of Past Masters, who 
 had during the year been elected members of the Grand Lodge, having 
 come at their own expense. There was a strong contest for Grand 
 Officers, but the reformers succeeded in carrying their whole ticket by 
 large majorities, and Brother Henry Buist was elected Grand Master. 
 
 The committee which had been appoiuted, under the resolution of 
 Brother T. S. Gourdin, to revise the Constitution, offered a report. It 
 was well known that this committee had never met, but that all its 
 business had been transacted without any formal meeting in committee, 
 and that the members had acted "by separate consultation and 
 consent," which was in direct violation of parliamentary law, which 
 prescribes that "nothing is the report of the committee but what has 
 been agreed to in committee actually assembled." When, therefore, 
 the document purporting to be a report was presented, the Graud Secre- 
 tary objected to the reading, on the ground that a quorum of the 
 committee had never met, and could not, therefore, make a report; aud 
 wlnther it was to be considered as a private document or a report, it 
 could uot be read without permission first received from the Graud 
 Lodge. But the Grand Master strangely overruled both points of order, 
 and the report was read. 
 
 Perhaps no series of amendments was ever offered to the constitution 
 of a society which contained so little of the spirit of amendment in 
 them. If they had been adopted, the legislation of the Grand Lodge 
 would have been in a worse condition thau ever. The worn out expe- 
 riment, often tried in times past, but always failing, and always soon 
 repudiated, of District Grand Inspectors, was recommended, and, as a 
 concomitant, the dispensing power of the Grand Master was to be 
 invaded, and an ancient landmark abolished. It is true that the 
 expenses of one delegate to the Quarterly Communication in November 
 
440 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 were to be paid, but the three other Quarterly Communications were 
 retained, for attendance on which no representative was to bo piid, and 
 at which meetings the members in the city might reverse all the pro- 
 ceedings of the Communication in November, except amendments 
 to the Constitution. Tlio old proxy system was to be retained in al its 
 effeteness, and scarcely a step was made towards introducing an equality 
 between the city and country Lodges. 
 
 It is not therefore surprising that these amendments had no sooner 
 been read than they were indefinitely postponed. 
 
 They were immediately however offered as amendments of his own 
 by a member, and read as such, notwithstanding the point of order 
 raised, that as they were the identical amendments which had just 
 been indefinitely postponed, they could not again come up in that form 
 during the same Communication. The Grand Master, however, ruled 
 against the point of order. 
 
 A resolution was adopted, on the motion of Bro. Jones of Pendleton, 
 that hereafter the Grand Lodge would appropriate no part of its funds 
 for purposes of refreshment, and that if the Grand Lodge, at its Com- 
 munication on St. John's day, or at any other time, see fit to have 
 refreshments, the expenses of the same should be paid by individual 
 subscriptions. 
 
 As the proposed amendments to the Constitution were to come up 
 for final action at the Communication in the following March, to secure 
 a victory it was necessary to provide the means for a full attendance of 
 the representatives of the country Lodges. On the motion of the 
 Grand Secretary it was therefore resolved that the Grand Lodge would 
 pay the expenses of one delegate from each Lodge at that Communi- 
 cation. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was celebrated with less 
 than the usual demonstrations. There was neither public procession, 
 address nor banquet, but the Grand Master elect, Bro. Henry Buist, 
 having been installed by the late Grand Master, Bro. Alfred Price, then 
 installed the other officers. Such as were absent were subsequently 
 installed by dispensation in their respective Lodges. 
 
IN SOUTII CAROLINA. 441 
 
 CHAPTER LI. 
 
 THE TEAK 1858. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1808: 
 
 ITf.nry Buist, Grand Master; 
 
 B. 11. Campbell. Deputy G mud Master; 
 A. HAMSAY. S'nior Grand Warden; 
 
 H. W. Schroder, Junior Grand-Warden; 
 Bknj. Johnson, Grand tha/dain; 
 John [I. Honour, Grand Treasurer; 
 Albert G. Mackey, M.D., Grand Secretary; 
 
 J. E. Bomar, ) . '* 
 
 ,. », 1 Senior Grand Deacons; 
 
 C. Froneberoer, ) ' 
 
 J. C. McKewn, M.D.,) 
 
 i> r> o „., . (Junior Grand Deacons; 
 
 1 . r . oTEv ENb, ) 
 
 P. K. CoBURN, Grand Marshal; 
 
 D. Ramsay, Grand Pursuivant; 
 J. C. Ren kin, ) 
 
 CHARLES LoyE J Grand Stewards; 
 
 Samuel Burke, Grand Tder; 
 
 Albert G. Mackey, M.D. , Grand Lecturer. 
 
 Quarterly Communication on the 2d of March, 1858. This was an 
 importaut meeting. The fate of the reform movement was now to be 
 decided, and in consequence of the precaution of providing that the 
 expenses of the delegates should be paid, a full attendance was secured, 
 and fifty-seven Lodges were represented, either by one or more of their 
 officers or by members who had been chosen as delegates. Besides 
 these nearly all the Past Masters from the city and a large number 
 from the country were present. 
 
 Before entering upon the great business of the meeting, the pre- 
 liminary matter before the Graud Lodge was disposed of. There was 
 no danger that the consideration of the amendments would be crowded 
 out, for the Grand Master had determined that the sessions of the 
 Grand Lodge should be continued from night to night, until after full 
 and fair discussion the propositions should be adopted or rejected. 
 
±±•2 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Through the enterprise and patriotism of a Carolina lady, an effort 
 was now in progress to purchase Mount Vernon, the home of Wash- 
 ington, by the contributions of the people of America, and to make it 
 a national domain. The lady regent of this undertaking, who was the 
 daughter and sister of a Mason, had invoked the assistance of the 
 Masonic Fraternity, and the Masons of South Carolina were now about 
 to respond nobly to the call. The Grand Lodge, on this occasion, 
 resolved to take aO active part in the accomplishment of the noble 
 olject, and having itself made an appropriation of one hundred dollars, 
 earnestly urged the Subordinate Lodges to cooperate in the praise- 
 worthy design by the contribution of one dollar from each of their 
 members. The re-ult of this action of the Grand Lodge was a contri- 
 bution of §1,359 by the Masons of South Carolina, being a larger 
 amount than was contributed in any other jurisdiction. 
 
 This matter having been disposed of, the amendments proposed by 
 Bro. Mackey were taken up. An attempt was made to postpone their 
 consideration until those proposed by Bro. Armstrong had been acted on. 
 These, it will be remembered, were identical with those which had been 
 indefinitely postponed at the Communication in December. This at- 
 tempt, however, failed, and the Grand Lodge insisted on the consider- 
 ation of the amendment? introduced by Bro. Mackey. 
 
 The first amendment, which provided for an Annual Communication 
 in November, at which the Grand Officers were to be elected, and the 
 general business of the jurisdiction transacted, was fully discussed, and 
 the question being put, it was carried by a vote of eighty-seven ayes 
 against twenty two noes. 
 
 The Grand Lodge was then called off until the next evening, 3d of 
 March, when the consideration of the amendments to the Constitution 
 was resumed. 
 
 The result of the vote on the first amendment on the previous evening, 
 which was really a test question, appears to have put an end to all 
 further opposition, and the remaining amendments were adopted almost 
 without, a dissenting voice. The success of the reform was complete, 
 and the frie;;ds of the new system, finding their strength to be greater 
 than they anticipated, resolved to vote against their own amendment 
 providing for Quarterly Communications, which provision of the old 
 Constitution they were, at the meeting in Columbia, unwilling to attack, 
 lest by asking for too much they might risk all. That amendment, 
 therefore, which prescribed that Quarterly Communications should be 
 held was lost, and as the whole series of the amendments was intended 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 443 
 
 as a substitute for the sixteenth ru'e of the old Constitution, wh:ch 
 wr.s to be expunged, and in which alone any provision was made for 
 these Quarterly Communications, by the rejection of the amendment 
 which referred to them, the Quarterly Communications were abolished. 
 And thus the three greatest objects of the reformers were attained : an 
 Annual Communication was established, with a paid representation from 
 all the Lodges, the Quarterly Communications were discontinued, and 
 the whole proxy system entirely abolished. 
 
 As the next step towards perfecting this system, a committee was ap- 
 pointed to prepare and report a tariff of fees and dues, so as to equalize 
 the taxation which had heretofore been unequally distributed among 
 the city and the country Lodges, the former paying a greater an. cunt 
 of dues into the treasury of the Grand Lodge than the latter. This 
 duty was performed, and the improved tariff being reported at the next 
 Communication was adopted without dissent. 
 
 The Grand Treasurer, Bro. J. II. Honour, made his report uf the 
 financial condition of the Grand Lodge, in which he took occasion to 
 give an interesting history of the difficulties under which the Grand 
 Lodge had lab' red, and which it had finally overcome, in the building 
 and paying for its Hall. He announced that at the present time, the 
 debt was fully liquidated, and the Grand Lodge was now in possession 
 of an unencumbered pixperty, yielding an annual income of more than 
 three thousand dollars. 
 
 The Grand Lodge decided, by the adoption of a report which altered 
 one of the by-laws of a Subordinate Lodge, that when a member of a 
 Lodge had been erased from the roll, from non-payment of dues, or 
 expelled for any other cause, he could nut be reinstated, uuless by bal- 
 lot, as in his fi'st election. 
 
 Aft.T the transaction of some other business, unimportant in an his- 
 torical point of view, the /<ist Quarterly Communication of the Grand 
 L -Ige of South Carolina was closed. 
 
 Li the month uf June, l s "> x , an association in the city of Charles- 
 ton, consisting of ladies who had organise i lor the purpose of obtaining 
 contributions, to enable them to erect a monument to John C. Calhoun, 
 invited the Fraternity to lay the corner stone of the contemplated QioD* 
 '1:10 nt. This invitation was accepted by the Grand Master, and an 
 occasional Qrand Lodge having been opened, it proceeded, accompanied 
 by a Domeroua pro enion of all the civil and military associations of 
 the city, to tin/ < 'itadel square, where the corner stone was laid in ample 
 form aud acordiog to the aucieut ceremonies of the Oro. 
 
±±± HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Amain! Communication on (he lQth of November, 1858. In com- 
 pliance with the provisions of the revised Constitution, the first Annual 
 Communication of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina was hidden at 
 Charleston, on Tuesday, the 16th of November, 1858. Fifty Lodges 
 were represented, and the Grand Lodge was opened in ample form by 
 the Grand Master, Bro. Henry Buist, at 12 o'clock, M. 
 
 As a long session was anticipated, to avoid the possibility of inter- 
 ruption from any clashing of the meetings of the Grand Lodge with 
 those of the Subordinates in the city, which met in the same room, it 
 was ordered that if any such Subordinates desired to meet during the 
 session, they be required to do so in the room below, and that should 
 they in consequence be compelled to hold extra Communications after 
 the closing of the Grand Lodge, no rent should be charged for the use 
 of the Lodge room. 
 
 It was also determined that the sessions of the Grand Lodge should 
 be held iu the morning and in the evening, and that all Master Masons 
 in good standing should be admitted as visitors. 
 
 The Grand Master delivered a long and able address on the opening 
 of the Grand Lodge, which was in itself a new and excellent feature 
 in the legislation of the body. The poiuts of importance suggested by 
 him gave abundant materials for the deliberation and action of the 
 Grand Lodge during its session. In the commencement of his address 
 he alluded, in the following language, to the revised Constitution under 
 which the Grand Lodge was then meeting : 
 
 " I cordially greet you at this, the first Annual Convocation of the 
 Grand Lodge, under the provisions of our recently amended Constitu- 
 tion. That the great changes which have been introduced in the 
 organization of this body, radical and revolutionary though they may 
 at first glance appear, will be productive of infinite good to the Insti- 
 tution throughout the length and breadth of our jurisdiction, I have 
 never hesitated to believe. The representative system, in all organiza- 
 tions such as that of a Grand Lodge of Freemasons, is the one which 
 best comports with the interests of all who are subject to its control. 
 The proxy system which heretofore prevailed with us was liable to 
 abuse, was not republican in its tendencies, and was illy adapted to the 
 development of that expression of sentiment and opinion which, in all 
 matters that concern the general good, is so eminently a requisite. If 
 experience is to be a guide in determining the comparative advantages 
 of the two systems, and they may be justly termed two different 
 systems, it cannot admit of serious question that the one is attendant 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 44^ 
 
 with a healthful prosperity and that the other is fraught with 
 discord." 
 
 He announced that daring the year he had adjudicated the following 
 questions of Masonic law : 
 
 " A Lodge under dispensation is not actually a Lodge. It is only a 
 quasi Lodge, the creature or proxy of the Grand Master, can make no 
 by-laws, install no officers, nor be represented in the Grand Lodge, and 
 has no members legally recognizable as such, except the Master and 
 his Wardens named in the dispensation. To the Master and Wardens, 
 as the representatives of the Grand Master, that, officer in the dis- 
 charge of his high prerogatives has entrusted the care of Masonry in 
 that particular Masonic jurisdiction. From these data or principles, 
 which have ever been considered as sound law in this State, the lolluw- 
 iug conclusions applicable to the case, result : 
 
 " 1. A Lodge under dispensation has no Treasurer or Secretary 
 recognized by the law. Such officers may ba temporarily appointed by 
 the Master, and usually are for his own convenience, but he is under 
 uo obligations to do so. 
 
 "2. The Master is the legal custodian of the funds of a Lodge 
 under dispensation, and the depositary and keeper of the records. 
 Ho, alone, is known as such to the Grand Master, and to him alone 
 will the Grand Master look for a faithful account of the fuuds, aud a 
 correct record of the proceedings. 
 
 " 3. A Lodge under dispensation lias no right to call upon the 
 Master to give bonds or to appoint a Treasurer." 
 
 These decisions were submitted to a committee, upon whose favor- 
 able report their correctness was concurred in by the Grand Lodge, 
 and they became, therefore, a part of the Masonic history of the 
 State. 
 
 The Grand Master called the attention of the Grand Lodge to the 
 necessity of a thorough revision of the Constitution, as the amendments 
 adopted at the last Communication were of such a character as to re- 
 quire its alteration and reconstruction iu many essential particulars. 
 Subsequently, during the course of the session, this subject was taken 
 up, and a committee, consisting of A. G. Mackey, H W. Schroder, B. 
 K. Campbell, B. Johnson and T. P. Slider, was appointed to prepare a 
 revised Constitution, with power to meet at Columbia during the recess 
 of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 This committee accordingly met in Columbia, in the month of May, 
 1859, aud alter the most patient labor, prepared a thoroughly revised 
 
416 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Constitution, which was submitted for approval at the Annual Commu- 
 nication i;; November, 18o9. The fate of that Constitution will, how- 
 ever, necessarily form a put of the history of the following year. 
 
 The Grand Master called attention to the inconveniences of the pre- 
 sent Hall, which he thought altogether unsuited to Masonic purposes, 
 and recommended that it should he sold and a new one erected. The 
 Grand Lodge did not however, concur with these views, and declined, 
 therefore, to take any action on the subject. During the past summer 
 the Grand Master had, unofficially, appointed an advisory committee of 
 experienced brethren to make the necessary enquiries on the subject, 
 and to provide him with the requisite information to lay before the 
 Grand Lodge. But although it was evident that many improvements 
 were needed in the present Hall, and that a new one erected with a 
 more correct view to the purposes of Masonry was a desideratum, yet 
 the high estimates required for the construction of such a building, 
 convinced the members of the Grand Lodge that to enter upon such 
 an undertaking would be to involve that body in a series of pecuniary 
 embarrassments from wlrch it would be difficult to hope for a speedy 
 release. The idea was, therefore, abandoned. 
 
 The subject of a General Grand Lodge was brought to the attention 
 of the Grand Lodge. The Grand Lodge of Maine had suggested the 
 meeting of delegates at Chicago in September, 1859, to deliberate on 
 the expediency of such an organization. While both the Grand Mas- 
 ter and the Grand Lodge were opposed to the organization of any body 
 which would interfere with, or impair the sovereignty of each State 
 Grand Lodge, yet a deference to the request of the sister jurisdiction 
 of Maine, led the one to suggest, and th? other to agree to, the appoint- 
 ment of delegates to the Chicago convention, restricted, however, as to 
 any authority to compromise the Grand Lodge by the establishment of 
 any body with supreme power*. Delegates were accordingly appointed, 
 and Brothers H. Buist, A G Mackey, and David Ramsay appeared 
 in that convention as the representatives of the Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina. 
 
 The Masonic Congress of all nations, which had convened at Paris 
 in the year 18'>6, had resolved that another one should be held in the 
 city of New York in the year 18G2. The Grand Master having called 
 the attention of the Grand Lodge to this subject, it was referred to a 
 committee, upon whose recommendations the subject was favorably re- 
 ceived by the Grand Lodge, and the hope expressed by the committee 
 was concurred in, that at the proper time the necessary steps would bo 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 447 
 
 taken for the representation of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina in 
 that Congress. 
 
 Masonic Congresses are no new feature in the history of the legisla- 
 tion of Masonry. At least twenty-five have been held in the course of 
 the last nine centuries, beginning with that important one at York, to 
 which we are indebted for the system of Masonry now practiced wher- 
 ever the Anglo-Saxon tongue is spoken. The fact that in some of 
 the^c the Grand Lodge of South Carolina took a part, ami that in all 
 probability it will be represented in the one to be held in a short time 
 in New York, makes me venture on a brief narrative of those Con- 
 gresses as an interesting episode in the present history, and as present- 
 ing a detail of valuable facts which it has caused me no little labor to 
 collect. It must be confessed, however, that only very meagre details 
 of the Congresses held during the period I have named have, as a gen- 
 eral fact, been transmitted to posterity. We know the time and place 
 of meeting, and the general objects for which each Congress was called, 
 but, except in a few instances, the details of their transactions have 
 perished in the lapse of time, or never have been recorded, through the 
 indifference or carelessness of their historians. 
 
 Congress at York. — In the year 926, Prince Edwin, the brother of 
 King Athelstaue, of England, convoked a Masonic Congress at the city 
 of York, which, under the name of a General Assembly, established 
 the celebrated Gothic Constitutions, which is the eldest Masonic docu- 
 ment extant. These Constitutions have always been recognized as 
 containing the fundamental law of Masonry. Although transcripts of 
 these Constitutions are known to have been taken in the reign of 
 Richard II, the document was for a long time lost sight of until a copy 
 of it was discovered in the year 18ob, in the British Museum, and 
 published by Mr. J. O. IL.lliwell. 
 
 First Congress of Strasburg. — A Masonic Congress was convoked at 
 Strasburg, in 1275, by Erwin Von Steinbaeh, Master of the Work. 
 The object was the continuation of the labors on the cathedral of Stras- 
 burg, and it was attended by a large concourse of Masons from Ger- 
 many, England and Italy. It was at this Congress that the German 
 builders and architects in imitation of their English brethren, assumed 
 the name of Freemasons, and took the obligations of fidelity and obedi- 
 ence to the ancient laws and regulati >M of the Order. 
 
 First Congress of Hatlsbna. — It was convoked in 1459, by Jost Dot- 
 zinger, the Master of -die Works of the Strasburg catbedial. It estab- 
 lished some new laws for the government of the Fraternity in Germany. 
 
448 HISTORY OF FREEMASOXRY 
 
 Scond Congress of Rutisbon. — Convoked in 1464, by the Grand 
 Lodge of Strasburg, principally to define the relative rights of, and to 
 settle existing difficulties between, the Gratid Lodges of Strasburg, 
 Cologne, Vienna and Berne. 
 
 Congress of Spire. — Convoked in 14G9, by the Grand Lodge of 
 Sfcrasburg, for the coi.sideration of the condition of the Craft, and of 
 the edifices in course of erection by them. 
 
 Congress of Cologne. — This, which was one of the most important 
 Congresses that was ever convened, was convoked in 1535, by Hermann, 
 Bi>i:op of Cologne. It was attended by delegates from nineteen Grand 
 Lodges, and wis engaged in the refutation of the slanders beginning at 
 this time to be circulated ag::i st the Fraternity. The result of its 
 deliberations was the celebrated document known as the "Charter of 
 Cologne." 
 
 Congress of Basic. — This Congress was convoked by the Grand 
 Lodge of Strasburg, in 1563, principally for tlie purpose of settling 
 certain difficulties which had arisen respecting the rights of the twenty 
 Lodges which were its Subordinates. Some uew regulations were 
 adopted at this Congress. 
 
 Second Congress of Strasburg. — Convoked by the Grand Lodge of 
 Strasburg, in 1564. It appears to have been only a continuation of 
 the preceding one at Basle, and the same matters became the subjects 
 of its consideration. 
 
 Congress of London. — The history of this Congress is familiar to all 
 American and English Masons. It was convoked by the four Lodges 
 of London at the Apple-tree tavern, in February, 1717- Its results 
 were the formation of the Grand Lodge of England, and the organiza- 
 tion of the Institution upou that system which has since been pursued 
 in England and this country. 
 
 Congress of Dublin. — Convoked by the Lodges of Dublin, in 1730, 
 for the purpose of forming the Grand Lodge of Ireland. 
 
 Congress of Edinburgh. — Convoked, in 1736, by the four Lodges of 
 Edinburgh, for the purpose of receiving from Sinclair, of Roslin, his 
 abdication of the hereditary Grand Mastership of Scotland, and for the 
 election of a Grand Master. The result of this Congress was the estab- 
 lishment of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. 
 
 Congress of the Hague. — Convoked by the Royal Union Lodge, and 
 the result was the establishment of the National Grand Lodge of the 
 United Provinces. 
 
 First Congress of Jena. — Convoked, in 1763, by the Lodge of Strict 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. ±40 
 
 Observance, under the presidency of Johnson, a Masonic charlatan, but 
 whose real name was Becker. In this Congress the doctrine was first 
 announced that the Freemasons were the successors of the Knights 
 Templar, a dogma peculiarly characteristic of the rite of Strict Ob- 
 servance. 
 
 Second Congress of Jena. — Convoked in the following year, 1764, 
 by Johnson, with the desire of authoritatively establishing his doctrine 
 of the connexion between Templarism and Masonry. The empirical 
 character of Johnson, or Becker, was here discovered by the celebrated 
 Baron Huiide, and he was denounced and subsequently punished at 
 Magdeburg by the public authorities. 
 
 Congress of Altenberg. — This Congress was convoked, in 1765, as a 
 continuation of the preceding. Its result was the establishment of the 
 rite of Strict Observance, and the election of Baron Hunde as Grand 
 Master. 
 
 Congress of Brunswick. — Convoked, in 1775, by Ferdinand, Duke 
 of Brunswick. Its object was to effect a fusion of the various rites, 
 but it terminated its labors, after a session of six weeks, without success. 
 
 Congress of Lyons. — Convoked, in 1778, by the Lodge of Chevaliers 
 bienfaisants. Its object was to produce a reform in the rituals of the 
 Masonic system, but it does not appear to have been sagacious in its 
 means, nor successful in its results. 
 
 Congress of Wolfenbuttel. — This Congress was convoked, in 1778, 
 by the Duke of Brunswick, as a continuation of that which had been 
 held in 1775, and with the same view of reforming the organization of 
 the Order. However, after a session of five weeks, it terminated its 
 labors, with no other result than an agreement to call a more extensive 
 meeting at Wilhelmsbad. 
 
 Congress of Wfflu (msbad. — This Congress was convoked in 1782. 
 Its avowed object was the reform of the Masonic system, and its dis- 
 entanglement from the confused mass of rites with which French and 
 German pretenders or enthusiasts had sought to overwhelm it. Im- 
 portant topics were proposed at its commencement, but none of them 
 were discussed, and the Congress was closed without coining to any 
 other positive determination than that Freemasonry was not connected 
 with Templarism, or, in other words, that, contrary to the doctrine of 
 the rite of Strict Observance, the Freemasons were not the Buooest n 
 of the Knights Templars. 
 
 First Congress of t\xris. — Convoked in 1785, again with the lauda- 
 ble view of introducing a reform in the rituals and of discussing 
 20 
 
J.50 FIISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 important points of doctrine and history. It closed, after a session of 
 three months, without producing any practical result. 
 
 Second Congress of Paris. — Convoked in 1787 as a continuation of 
 the former, and closed with precisely the same negative result. 
 
 Congress of Washington. — This Congress was convoked in the year 
 1822, at the call of several Grand Lodges, for the purpose of recom- 
 mending the establishment of a General Grand Lodge of the United 
 States. The effort was an unsuccessful one. 
 
 Congress of Baltimore. — Couvoked in the year 1843, with the object 
 of establishing a uniform system of work. Perhaps there was not, in 
 any of the preceding Congresses, a greater instance of failure than in 
 this, since not a year elapsed before the most prominent members of 
 the Congress disagreed as to the nature and extent of the reforms 
 which were instituted, and the Baltimore system of work has already 
 become a myth. 
 
 Second Congress of Baltimore. — This Congress was convoked in the 
 year 1847, the object being again to attempt the establishment of a 
 General Grand Lodge. This Congress went so far as to adopt a 
 " Supreme Grand Lodge Constitution," but its action was not supported 
 by a sufficient number of Grand Lodges to carry it into effect. 
 
 Congress of Lexington. — This Congress was convoked in 1853, at 
 Lexington (Ky .), for the purpose of again making the attempt to form 
 a General Grand Lodge. A plan of Constitution was proposed, but a 
 sufficient number of Grand Lodges did not accede to the proposition to 
 give it efficacy. 
 
 Third Congress of Paris. — Convoked by order of Prince Mnrat, in 
 1855, for the purpose of effecting various reforms in the Masonic 
 system. At this Congress, ten propositions, some of them highly im- 
 portant, were introduced, and their adoption recommended to the 
 Grand Lodges of the world. The meeting has been too recently held 
 to permit us to form any opinion as to what will be its results. 
 
 Congress of Chicago. — Convoked in 1859, at the request of the Grand 
 Lodge of Maine, for the purpose of taking into consideration the expe- 
 diency of organizing a General Grand Lodge of the United States. 
 The Congress, which consisted of the representatives of eleven Grand 
 Lodges, repudiated this idea, but recommended a Triennial Congress 
 without any power of legislation, but simply to meet for intercommu- 
 nication of Masonic thought. This admirable proposal has, in conse- 
 quence of a misapprehension of its objects, been unfavorably received 
 by most of the Grand Lodges of the United States. 
 
IN SOUTH CAKuLDsA ^i 
 
 From this catalogue it will be seen that a large number of Masonic 
 Congresses have been productive of little or no effect. Others of them, 
 however, such, for instance, as those of York, of Cologne, of London, 
 and a few others, have certainly left their mark, and there can, I think, 
 be but little doubt, that a General Congress of the Masons of the world, 
 meeting with an eye single to the great object of Masonic reform, and 
 guided by a spirit of compromise, might be of incalculable advantage 
 to the interests of the Institution at the present day. 
 
 In the course of his address, the Grand Master had particularly 
 directed the attention of the Grand Lodge to the important subject of 
 the history of Masonry in the State, which, as he said, "rermiius to be 
 written," and he reuewed the suggestions on that subject, that had 
 been made by the Grand Secretary in his report of the previous year. 
 During the session the subject was taken up, and a committee was 
 appointed to collect materials towards the completion of such a history, 
 but, owing to various causes, this committee never met, and it was not 
 until the next year that the proper course was adopted, which has re- 
 sulted in the preparation of the present work. 
 
 The subject of the work and lectures was also commented on by the 
 presiding officer, and he suggested that provision should be made for 
 placing the office of Grand Lecturer on a more advantageous position, 
 as regards the usefulness of the office, than it was at present, or, in the 
 failure to accomplish that object, at least to have arrangements made 
 for the exemplification of the work during the sessions of the Grand 
 Lodge. An attempt was made to develop these views during the 
 course of the session, and a system of regulations, relating to th<> 
 appointment of a Grand Lecturer, was presented by a committee and 
 referred to the Committee on the Revision of the Constitution. 
 
 The work was also exemplified, during the session, in the ihrev 
 degrees, by Brother A. G. Maekey, the Grand Lecturer. 
 
 The Grand Secretary made, as usual, his report on the Foreign Cor- 
 respondence of the Grand Lodge, in which he gave a summary of the 
 transactions of the past year in other jurisdictions. 
 
 The report on the Grand Treasurer's books showed a revenue of 
 $5,417 during the past year, and a balance of $037 in the treasury. 
 
 Harmony Lodge No. 22, on Edisto Island, having, for a long time, 
 struggled under the difficulty of an insufficiency of members, at length, 
 at this Communication, surrendered its warrant of constitution, and 
 with it its books and furniture. The latter were loaned, by the Grand 
 Lodge, to St. John's Lodge, at Bluffton 
 
.(.5^ HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 The committee which had been appointed, at the last Communica- 
 tion, to draft a tariff of fees by which the taxation on the city and 
 country Lodges should be equalized, made their report, which was 
 adopted, and the tariff recommended by them was incorporated into 
 the Constitution. 
 
 Warrants of constitution were granted to the following Lodges : 
 
 Harmony Lodge No. 17, at Barnwell C. H. ; Winyaw Lodge No. 
 40, at Georgetown; Eureka Lodge No. 43, at Adamsville; Campbell 
 Lodge No. 44, at Clinton; Effingham Lodge No. 45, at Effingham; 
 Kingstree Lodge No. 46, at Kingstree; Eureka Lodge No. 47, at 
 Ninety-Six; Lebanon Lodge No. 48, at Myersville; Wallace Lodge 
 No. 49, in Laurens District; Mackey Lodge No. 52, at Fruit Hill. 
 
 The subject of the Cokesbury Masonic Female College was brought 
 before the Grand Lodge, by the report of the committee to whom it 
 had been referred at the last Communication. In an Annual Report 
 of the Board of Trustees, made at this session, " the continued suc- 
 cess and increasing usefulness" of the institution had been described, 
 but they again urged upon the Grand Lodge "the absolute necessity 
 for help." The committee, to whom the subject had been referred, 
 gave this application a favorable consideration, and recommended the 
 appointment of a Professorship in the College, subject to. the control 
 of the Grand Lodge in the matter of election as well as of support 
 The subject was referred lor further consideration to the Committee on 
 the Revision of the Constitution. 
 
 During this session several principles of Masonic jurisprudence were 
 settled, either in the correction of by-laws of Lodges which were sub- 
 mitted for approval, or in the adjustment of appeals. Several of these 
 principles have already been referred to. The others were, that when 
 a member is suspended by his Lodge, his arrears do not continue to 
 accrue during his suspension; that the salutations are due to the first 
 three officers of a Lodge ; and that although nominations to office are 
 strictly in accordance with the most ancient Masonic usage, a Lodge 
 may, by a special by-law, prohibit them. 
 
 The first annual election, under the revised Constitution, was held 
 with the following result : 
 
 Henry Buist, of Charleston, GranM Master ; 
 
 B. R. Campbell, of Laurens, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 
 A. Ramsay, of Edgefield, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 H. W. Schroder, of Charleston, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Ben.t. Johnson, of Abbeville, Grand Chaplain ; 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. i;,;: ; 
 
 )oiin II. Honour, of Charleston, Grand Treasurer) 
 Amsert Gr. MaCKET, M.D., of Charleston, Grand Secretary. 
 
 On the last day of the session the subordinate officers of the Grand 
 Lodge were appointed and the installation took place. Bro. B. II. 
 Campbell, Past Deputy Graud Master, installed the Grand Master elect, 
 who then installed the other officers. 
 
 During the ceremony a member objected to the installation of the 
 Senior Grand Warden, basing his protest on the fact that that officer 
 was two years in arrears as a member of the Grand Lodge, and tendered 
 a certificate of the Grand Treasurer to that effect. 
 
 The Grand Master refused to receive the certificate of the Grand 
 Treasurer, on the ground that, by the od Section of Rule XVIII of 
 the Rules and Regulations of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, the 
 decision of the question, whether the installation should or should not 
 proceed, was left to the Grand Lodge, and not to him, and therefore he 
 put the question to the Grand Lodge: "shall the installation of the 
 Senior Grand Warden be proceeded with ;" which was carried, and the 
 Grand Master accordingly installed Bro. A. Ramsay as Senior Grand 
 Warden. 
 
 The remaining officers were then installed, and the jirst Annual Com- 
 munication of the Grand Lodge was closed in ample form. 
 
 The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was not celebrated this year 
 by the Grand Lodge. The day was not forgotten, however, throughout 
 the jurisdiction, as the Subordinate Lodges met as usual in their vari- 
 ous localities and installed their officers. In the country, however, the 
 favorite Festival of the Order, on account of the pleasantness of the 
 weather and the greater abundance of leisure, has always been the 
 24th of June, or the Feast of St. John the Baptist. In the cities of 
 Charleston aud Columbia only, has the 27th of December been in gen- 
 eral, publicly celebrated as a Masonic Festival. 
 
IM HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER LIT. 
 
 THE YEAS 1859. 
 
 Officers of the Grand Lodge for the year 1859-60': 
 
 Henry Buist, Grand Master; 
 
 B. R. Campbell, Deputy Grand Master ; 
 A. Ramsay, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 H. W. Schroder, Junior Grand Warden; 
 Benj. Johnson, Grand Chaplain; 
 John B. Honour, Grand Treasurer; 
 Albert G. Maciiey, M.D., Grand Secretary ; 
 
 C. Froneberger, ) . 
 
 tw -nr r\ l Senior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 Z. W. Carwile, y 
 
 H. L. BUTTERFIELD, 
 
 i Junior Grand Deacons ; 
 J. R. N. Tenhet, 
 
 P. K. COBURN, Grand Marshal; 
 
 D. Ramsay, Grand Pursuivant ;■ 
 
 J. G. Renkin, 
 
 T. P Slider, > ^and Stewards . 
 
 Samuel Burke, Grand Tiler ; 
 Albert G. Mackey, Grand Lecturer. 
 
 The Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge, for the year I859 7 
 commenced on Tuesday, the 15th of November. The Grand Ledge 
 was opened at high twelve, and when the roll was called the delegates 
 of sixty-six Lodges answered to their names. The sessions of the' 
 Grand Lodge were continued from day to day, until Friday noon, 
 when it was finally clused. During the Communication the Grand 
 Master delivered an able address, in which he passed in review the 
 most important events that had occurred daring the past year in the 
 jurisdiction, and the report of the Grand Secretary on foreign corres- 
 pondence gave a synopsis of the condition of Masonry in other 
 jurisdictions, so that the members of the Grand Lodge were thus put 
 in possession of a knowledge of the general condition of the Order, 
 both at home and abroad. 
 
 The doctrine that the Grand Master possessed the prerogative of 
 
IN SOOTH CAROLINA. | ',;, 
 
 making Masons "at .sight," that is to say, in an occasional Lodge con- 
 vened and organized by himself, and which, when the business of 
 initiation had been accomplished, was dissolved by the same authority, 
 had always been maintained in South Carolina as good Masonic law. 
 The technical term "at sight" was borrowed, it is true, from the 
 Ancient York Masons, by whose great leader, Laurence Perinott, it 
 was first used ; but the practice had always been sanctioned in the 
 legal Grand Lodge of England, whose Grand Masters had frequently 
 performed the act, calling it, however, initiation in "an occasional 
 Lodge." This prerogative was, this year, exercised by the Grand 
 .Master, and acquiesced in by the Grand Lodge, under the following 
 circumstances : 
 
 In the month of March, Col. Charles Augustus May, a well kuown 
 and distinguished officer of the army of the United States, being on a 
 visit to Charleston, and having expressed an ardent desire to be initiated 
 into Masonry, which he had been heretofore prevented from doing, in 
 consequence of the cosmopolitan character of his profession, the Grand 
 Master summoned an occasional Lodge, and made him a Mason at sight. 
 The funds accruing from this initiation were, by dircctiou of the Grand 
 Master, presented to the widow of a Master Mason, who was io desti- 
 tute circumstances, and had, on former occasions, received relief from 
 the Fraternity. 
 
 A complaint was made by Winnsboro Lodge No. 11 against True 
 Brotherhood Lodge No. 84, that the latter had conferred degrees on 
 several candidates whose place of residence was nearer to the former 
 Lodge. The committee to whom this complaint was referred, reported 
 that True Brotherhood Lodge had by these acts made itself liable Ui 
 censure, and recommended that the fees received by it should be for- 
 feited to Lodge No. 11. This report was adopted by the Grand Lodge, 
 but subsequently, at the request of the Master of Lodge No. 84, was 
 reconsidered, and postponed until the next Communication of the Grand 
 Lodge. Iu the meantime, the Master of True Brotherhood Lodge 
 having died, when the report came up for consideration, it was dis- 
 missed, but the principle announced in the report met with the general 
 approbation of the members of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 It has already been mentioned that at the Communication iu 185S, 
 a committee on the History of Masonry in the State had been ap- 
 pointed, with power to sit during the recess of the Grand Lodge. This 
 committee never met, and consequently made no report, but the Grand 
 r having again brought the subject to the consideration of the 
 
456 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Grand Lodge, that body, under the report of a committee, came to 
 the conclusion that the best way of accomplishing the object was to en- 
 trust the duty of writing the history to some competent brother, who 
 would devote his attention to the collection of facts and their proper 
 condensation. 
 
 The Grand Lodge, therefore, determined to elect au historiographer, 
 and the author of the present work was, during the session, selected to 
 occupy that post. 
 
 The necessity of establishing some more rigid and uniform system of 
 examination of visitors, attracted the attention of the Grand Lodge, 
 and the subject was referred to a committee, but the report recom- 
 mended a system of examination of so impracticable a nature, that, al- 
 though the report was adopted, the method it proposed was never put 
 into prictice in any Lodge. 
 
 The Masons of the District of Columbia had recently proposed to 
 establish in the city of Washington a national Masonic Home for the 
 support of widows and education of orphans of American Freemasons. 
 The plan seems at first to have met with much approval, and several 
 thousand dollars had been subscribed by Lodges and individuals, prin- 
 cipally in the city of Washington. The Rev. W. D. Haley, the agent 
 of the Home, appeared, during this Communication, before the Grand 
 Lodge, and in an eloquent address set forth its claims to the patronage 
 and assistance of the Masons of South Carolina. But while the 
 committee, to whom the subject had been referred, reported that the 
 object of the Institution was ''such as could not fail to enlist the atten- 
 tion and good wishes of every Mason," yet they expressed the opinion 
 that "it was not absolutely necessary." They therefore refused to re- 
 commend an appropriation. The Grand Lodge concurred in these 
 views, and no money was accordingly appropriated from the funds of 
 the Grand Lodge for the support of the Masonic Home, although several 
 Masons contributed privately to the laudable object. 
 
 The attempt made at Chicago, of which I have already spoken, to 
 inaugurate a North American Masonic Congress, was brought, at this 
 Communication, before the Grand Lodge, and the plan proposed was 
 placed in the hands of a committee, who reported adversely. This re- 
 port was not immediately adopted, but at the Communication of the 
 Grand Lodge in 1860, it will hereafter be seen, that the same views 
 continued to be entertained, and that then the Grand Lodge refused to 
 enter into the scheme of a triennial Congress. 
 
 An unsuccessful attempt was made, at this Communication, to obtain 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 4.57 
 
 tbe appropriation of a large sum of money ($12,000) for the purpose of 
 improving aud enlarging the Masonic Hall. The proposition, which 
 had been recommended by a special committee, was laid over until the 
 nest Communication for consideration, and has never since been taken 
 up. Indeed, postponements of any questions to the next Communi- 
 cation seem generally to be considered as equivalent to sending them to 
 the " tomb of the Capulets." 
 
 A proposal was also made for the endowment of a Professorship in 
 the Cokesbury Female College, but the proposition met with the same 
 inauspicious disposition, and the same adverse fate. It was postponed 
 id tin' next Aunual Communication, and then ruled out of order. 
 
 The subject of dispensations to form new Lodges was brought to the 
 attention of the Grand Lodge by the Grand Master, who complained of 
 " the abuses which were so common in connexion with the formation 
 of new Lodges." A committee to whom the matter was referred, con- 
 curred with the views of the Grand Master, aud recommended that in 
 future no dispensation for the establishment of a new Lodge iu ihc 
 country should be granted by the Grand Master without the consent of 
 the three nearest Lodges, aud in the city without the consent of the 
 lour nearest. The report was received, but as it was accompauied by no 
 resolution, and if it had been, as that resolution woLdjd have amounted to 
 an alteration of the Constitution at least, if not an infringement of the 
 dispensing prerogative of the Grand Master, the recommendation has 
 been ever since considered as inoperative, aud dispeusatious have con- 
 tinued to be issued under the old regulation. 
 
 The much agitated question of a uniformity of work again occupied 
 the attention of the Grand Lodge, and was referred to a committee to 
 devise the best method of securing this desideratum. The committee, 
 however, made no report until the next year. 
 
 The reformers had accomplished much in the abolition of the proxy 
 system and the Quarterly Communications, as well as in the establish- 
 ment of oue aunual meeting aud the payment of representatives. Put 
 the whole task, to the performance of which they had pledged them- 
 selves, was not yet accomplished. A great labor still lay before them. 
 Among the evils under which, since the uuion of the two Grand Lodges 
 in 1808, the organization of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina had 
 been Buffering, none was perhaps more evidently opposed to the ancient 
 landmarks and productive at times of more unjust or at least unequal 
 representation, than that regulation by which Past Masters were ad- 
 mitted to membership. 
 
458 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 The Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons had, in its Constitution, 
 declared that the Grand Lodge consisted of the Grand and Past Grand 
 Officers, the Masters and Wardens of the Subordinates, and all " Past 
 Masters of Lodges while they continued members of regular Lodges, 
 provided they signified their intention of continuing members of the 
 Graud Lodge to the Grand Secretary." 
 
 This provision ; n favor of Past Masters was peculiar to the irregular 
 Athol Grand Lodge of York Masons, and was manifestly a violation of 
 an ancient legal landmark. It was not known to the ancient organiza- 
 tion of the Grand Lodge or General Assembly of the Craft, instituted 
 at York in 926, which was a convention of all the Craft; nor to that of 
 the Grand Lodge established at Loudon in 1717, which admitted only 
 the Grand Officers and the Masters and Wardens of the Lodges; nor 
 to that of the Provincial Grand Lodge of South Carolina, established 
 in 1736, which followed the English rule of 1717; nor to that of the 
 Grand Lodge of Free at.d Accepted Masons, incorporated in 1787, 
 which admitted only Past Grand Officers in addition to the Masters and 
 Wardens. In none of these was the right of Past Masters to a seat in 
 the Grand Lodge ever recognized. 
 
 But after the union of the two Grand Lodges in 1808, a union 
 which, as we have already seen, had the effect of thoroughly infusing 
 the principles and usages of Ancient York Masonry into the Grand 
 Lodge of the State, the regulation of the Grand Lodge of Ancient 
 York Masons was adopted in the new Constitution which it was neces- 
 sary to form, and Past Masters, from that time until the year 1860, 
 continued to hold their seats and exercise their prerogatives as voters 
 in the Grand Lodge of South Carolina. 
 
 The law, which at first required them simply to register their names, 
 was subsequently modified so as to subject their petition to a ballot, 
 two-thirds of the votes being required to be in their favor. Eut this 
 modification was more stringent in appearance than in reality, for a 
 long experience in the Grand Lodge has not afforded me the recollec- 
 tion of a single instance of rejection. 
 
 Sanctioned thus, by an uninterrupted usage of more than half a 
 century, notwithstanding the illegality of its origin, supported by the 
 prejudices of many to whom fifty years assumed the appearance of an- 
 tiquity, and protected by the personal influence of the Past Masters 
 themselves, many of whom were among the most esteemed and respected 
 members of the Institution, it is evident that any attempt to uproot 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 45;* 
 
 the system which ruade Past Masters members of the (hand Lodge 
 would be attended with more than ordinary difficulties. 
 
 But the friends of reform, encouraged by their past success, felt uo 
 hesitation in attacking this system, which they conscientiously believed 
 to be an eucroachment on the landmarks of the Order, and which, 
 from fatal experience in their late contests, they knew was a manifest 
 violation of all the principles and practices of equal representation. 
 
 The objections of the reformers to the system which admitted Past 
 Masters to membership in the Grand Lodge, weie based upon three con- 
 siderations. 
 
 First, the system was evidently in violation of the landmarks and 
 ancient usages. There was abundant historical evidence to show that 
 it had never been recognized in the legitimate Grand Lodge of Eng- 
 land, the mother of the Provincial Grand Lodge of South Carolina, 
 and that it was not introduced into the legal Masonic organization of 
 South Carolina until the year 1808. It was, therefore, an innovation, 
 and when once they were convinced of this fact they felt bound, in 
 conscience, to oppose its further continuance. The claim made by the 
 Past Masters that they were members by inherent right and not by 
 courtesy, and, therefore, that they could not legally be removed, was 
 considered as preposterous and in itself a dangerous assumption, and the 
 reformers fortunately recollected that one of the most able of their oppo- 
 nents had expressed a similar opinion in 1849, when, in a report on a 
 similar question, connected with the difficulties in the Grand Lodge of 
 New York, he had expressed, as the voice of the committee whom he 
 represented, " their surprise that any number of intelligent Masons 
 should, for a moment, claim for Past Masters an inherent and vested 
 right to membership in the Grand Lodge, when it is, beyond all con- 
 tradiction, certain that the ancient Constitutions and usages not only 
 did not confer such privileges, but did not recognize them as members 
 of the Grand Lodge at all." ■■' They did not, therefore, hesitate to 
 oppose this system, on the ground that every innovation is abhorrent to 
 Masonry and should be removed at once. 
 
 Secondly, they opposed the system, because, by its operatiou, the 
 just balance of representation in the Grand Lodge was utterly sub- 
 verted. Past Masters were the representatives of no one but them- 
 selves, they were entirely independent of the Lodges from which the) 
 emanated, and were not, like the Masters and Wardens, bound to obey 
 
 Report on Now York difficulties, Proceedings f!. L. of S, C. for 1849, p. 21. 
 
MO HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 instructions. On the contrary, they were sometimes known to act in 
 opposition to the wishes and views of their Lodges. Now a Lodge, 
 even with all the advantages of the amendments to the Constitution 
 which had been lately adopted, was only entitled to three votes, and, if 
 it had four or five Past Masters, which was not unusually the case, as 
 each of these was entitled to one vote, the preponderance of influence 
 in the Grand Lodge was thrown into the hands of these irresponsible 
 and independent voters. 
 
 But there was another still more objectionable feature in this system. 
 Ah hough the Past Masters of all the Lodges in the State were entitled 
 to membership in the Grand Lodge, it is evident that, as the expenses 
 of their visits to the Communications of that body were not paid, the 
 Past Masters from the country would not be likely to burthen them- 
 selves annually, (and until the abolition of all other than Annu il Com- 
 munications, quarterly,) with the cost of a visit to the city of Charleston, 
 where the meetings of the Grand Lodge were holden, simply to delib- 
 erate and vote at these Communications. But the Past Masters in the 
 city were not liable to any such expenditure, and were therefore always 
 ready to attend the Communications, both Quarterly and Annual. And 
 thus it happened, that while the country Lodges were each allowed, 
 even after the inception of the reform, to deposit only three votes, the 
 city Lodges possessed, through their Past Masters, the privilege of de- 
 positing four, five, and sometimes as many as eight and ten votes in 
 addition to the three representative votes of the Master and Wardens. 
 And hence, in all questions where the policy of the City Lodges dif- 
 fered from that of the country Lodges, the latter were constrained to 
 come up to the settlement of such questions with fearful odds in the 
 ballot against them. 
 
 Hence, the committee appointed at the last Communication to pre- 
 sent a revised Constitution, and which committee consisted entirely of 
 brethren who had taken a prominent part in favor of the reforms of the 
 preceding year, reported a Constitution, in which Past Masters were 
 deprived of membership in the Grand Lodge, which body was made to 
 consist only of the Grand Officers and the Masters and Wardens for 
 the time being of the Subordinate Lodges. In deference, however, to 
 the long established, though incorrect, usage of the Grand Lodge, the 
 committee declined at this time to disfranchise Past Masters entirely of 
 membership in the Grand Lodge, although some of the reformers were 
 disposed in that way to make the reformation thorough, and a provision 
 was accordingly inserted by which Past Masters were entitled, upon 
 
I\ SOUTH CAROL IN 1 4^j 
 
 registration of their names, to be present at all Communications of the 
 Grand Lodge, to assist in its deliberations and to be eligible to any 
 office, but were not permitted to vote on any subject. 
 
 This was the only provision in the new Constitution that met with 
 any serious opposition. But the efforts of its opponents were directed 
 with much energy to its defeat. The disfranchisement of the Past 
 Masters was, as a general thing, opposed by the Lodges and Past Mas- 
 ters of the city, and sustained by those of t lie country. There were a 
 very few exceptions to this geographical division of parties. A few of 
 the Past Masters of tin; city were in favor of the proposed amendment, 
 ;md a still fewer from the country were opposed to it. But these were 
 but exceptions. 
 
 ^ hen the new Constitution was reported, an effort was made by its 
 opponents to postpoue the consideration of it until the following jear. 
 Tli is was at first opposed by the friends of the new Constitution, who 
 wanted the question to betaken at once. Discussions on this subject 
 were warm and long continued. At length it became evident to the 
 friends of the revised Constitution, that the numbers and influence of 
 the opposing Past Masters in the city were so great that the success of 
 the measure would, at least, be rendered problematical if pressed at this 
 Communication. It h::d become, indeed, evident that the battle could 
 not be fought in Chaileston, except under great difficulties. There- 
 formers, therefore, changed their tactics. An independent amendment 
 was offered and adopted, by which it was provided that hereafter the 
 Annual Communication should be held at such place as the Grand Lodge 
 might, from time to time, determine. A resolution was then carried 
 that the next meeting of the Grand Lodge should be holden at the 
 town of Greenville. And as it was thought that at that time and place 
 there would be a smaller attendance of Past Masters, it was supposed 
 that there would thus be a fairer opportunity of giving to the votes of 
 the representatives that due influence to which they were entitled. 
 
 The chairman of the committee then moved the postponement of the 
 further consideration of the revised Constitution until the next Annual 
 Communication, which motion was adopted with but little opposition, 
 and the conflict was thus put off for another year. 
 
 The Grand Lodge, on the third day, proceeded to the election of 
 Grand Officers, and Henry Buist was reelected Grand Master. 
 
 In the evening the Grand and Subordinate Officers were installed, 
 and on Friday morning the labors of the Grand Lod-e were closed. 
 
j,^ HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 During this Communication, warrants of constitution were granted 
 to the following new Lodges : 
 
 Mackey Lodge No. 52, at Hickory Grove, Edgefield District ; St. 
 Peter's Lodge No. 54, at Manning, Clarendou District; Catawba Lodge 
 No. 56, at Fort Mill, York District; Mount Willing Lodge No. 57, at 
 Mount Willing, Edgefield District; Blue Ridge Lodge No. 92, at 
 Walhalla, Pickens District; St. Andrew's Lodge No. 93, at St. Jago, 
 Island of Cuba; Acacia Lodge No. 94, at Columbia, Richland Dis- 
 trict; Etiwan Lodge No. 95, at Mount Pleasant, Charleston District. 
 
 The Lodge at St. Jago was established for the purpose of enabling 
 the Masons of Cuba to establish a Grand Lodge in that island, two 
 other Lodges having been previously organized by other Grand Lodges. 
 The object has been accomplished by the establishment of the Grand 
 Orient of Cuba, and St. Andrew's Lodge has already been removed 
 from the jurisdiction of South Carolina. 
 
 The Grand Master had also granted dispensations during the year to 
 a Lodge at Graniteville, and to one in Chesterfield District, but 
 warrants were not issued to them at this Communication, in conse- 
 quence of some irregularity in their proceedings, and by order of the 
 Grand Master their dispensations were continued for another year. 
 
!\ SOOTH CAROLINA. J^tf 
 
 , i Junior (1 rand Deacons: 
 i s, ) 
 
 CHAPTER LIII. 
 
 THE YKAU 1860. 
 
 The following Grand and Subordinate Officers had been elected in 
 November, 1859, to serve until November, i860: 
 
 Henry Buist, Charleston, Grand Master; 
 
 B. Rush CAMPBELL, Laurens, Deputy Grand Master; 
 A. Ramsay, Edgefield, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 T. P. SLIDER, Newberry, Junior Grand Warden; 
 
 Ben.t. Johnson, Abbeville, Grain/ Chaplain; 
 
 J. II. Honour, Charleston, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 A. G. MACKEY, M.D., Charleston, Grand Secretary ; 
 
 'A. W. Carwile, Edgefield, ) 
 
 r. ^ ni , f Senior Grand Deacons; 
 
 C. Froneberger, Charleston, J 
 
 J. R. N. Tenhet, Marion, 
 
 J. R. Sistrunk, St. George' 
 
 P. K. Coburn, Charleston, Grand Marshal; 
 
 11. S. Bruns, Charleston, Grand Pursuivant; 
 
 W. T. Miller, Charleston, ) 
 
 Wt> t> tt „~„ t , m i i. r Grand Stewards; 
 . P. Russell, Charleston, j 
 
 Samuel Burke, Charleston, Grand Tiler. 
 
 As the recently adopted amendments to the Constitution had abolished 
 Quarterly Communications, there was no meeting of the Grand Lodge 
 until the Annual one in 1860. 
 
 For the first time in the history of Freemasonry in this State, the 
 Annual Communication was holdcn out of the city of Charleston. Some 
 of the friends of the proposed new Constitution who were zealously in 
 favor of its general scope and character, were either opposed to the 
 idea of a removal of the meeting to another place, or were reluctaut to 
 make the trial of such a change. They deemed it au experiment 
 fraught with danger, and feared that a small attendance of representa- 
 tives would have an injurious effect on the prospect of the adoption of 
 the new Constitution. But the original movers of the reformation were 
 troubled with no such apprehensions. They did mil at all doubt the sue- 
 
464 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 cess of the trial, for they were sure that there would be a smaller at- 
 tendance of Past Masters and a larger one of representatives. 
 
 The Annual Communication commenced at meridian on the 20th of 
 November, 1860, in the town of Greenville. 
 
 Seventy Lodges were represented by their officers, or their regularly 
 appointed delegates, which was a greater number than had ever before 
 been collected on the floor of the Grand Lodge since its organization. 
 Very few Past Masters were present. 3 hus the result already justified 
 the calculations of the reformers on both these points. 
 
 Brother Henry Buist, the Grand Master, delivered an able address, 
 which embraced his views on many important subjects, all of which 
 were referred to appropriate committees, and most of which were acted 
 on by the Grand Lodge previous to its adjournment. 
 
 In reference to the proposed Constitution, the Grand Master made 
 the following remarks: 
 
 "I do not use inappropriate language, when I say that we have only 
 at this time a fragmentary system of law, made up of parts of au old 
 and part of a new policy, which in principle are irreconcilable. It 
 behooves us, therefore, to apply ourselves with earnestness to this 
 subject, and our duties would not be properly discharged were we to 
 adjourn before we perfected a system of constitutional rules which is 
 harmonious in all its parts." 
 
 He expressed his condemnation of the too great increase of in- 
 itiations, and emphatically said that " he is no friend to the Institution 
 who would endeavor to open its portals indiscriminately, or be a par- 
 ticipant in the wholesale manufacture of Masons." 
 
 He recommended the establishment of a Relief Lodge in the city of 
 Charleston, similar to the one which had been for some years in ex- 
 istence in the city of New Orleans. 
 
 The Grand Master also brought to the attention of the members the 
 advantages that would result from the patronage of Masonic periodicals 
 and other Masonic works, and the establishment of Lodge libraries. 
 His remarks on the latter subject are well worth preservation. 
 
 "If there is one thing more than another which is at this time 
 claiming the attention of those who are most deeply interested in the 
 welfare and prosperity of the Institution, it is the diffusion of light 
 and intelligence among its votaries. The time has passed when the 
 intelligence of a Mason is to be tested by his familiarity with the mere 
 forms and ceremonies of the degrees. He who does not drink deeply 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 4.(55 
 
 of the living waters of Masonry, who does not indoctrinate himself in 
 its principles, and regard it as a science, can little expect ever to know 
 or appreciate it. He who expects to make himself a useful Mason, 
 must be one who will study it. A mere gleaner and gatherer in its fields 
 cannot ever hope to accomplish anything of consequence or value. 
 One of the first prerequisites to the proper organization of every 
 Lodge, is the collection of such standard works on Masonic subjects as 
 are accessible and would be of interest and advantage. For this 
 purpose let Lodge libraries be instituted, and place within the reach of 
 every one who is brought into the Masonic fold, the opportunity of 
 becoming versed in its mysteries and appreciating and understanding 
 them." 
 
 The Grand Master announced that during the past year he had 
 granted dispensations for opening six new Lodges, to all of which 
 warrants were subsequently granted. 
 
 The Grand Treasurer's report showed that the income of the Grand 
 Lodge during the past year had beeu $7,095 88, and its disbursements 
 $6,896 58, leaving a balance of 8198 80 in baud at the close of the 
 year. 
 
 The Grand Secretary made his annual report as usual, containing a 
 brief resumi of the transactions of the Order in other jurisdictions for 
 the past year. 
 
 The recommendations and suggestions of the Grand Master, new 
 motions offered by various delegates, and the amended Constitution, 
 gave ample occasion for reports of committees and for the discussion of 
 questions, so that the Grand Lodge was busily employed for four days. 
 
 The new Constitution was taken up on the second day, and the d s- 
 cussion continued through the third, at the end of which the Constitu- 
 tion, as reported in 1859 by the committee, was adopted without 
 material alteration, in most cases unanimously, and in all others I y tri- 
 umphant majorities. 
 
 1 he only severe contest was on the second and third sections, which 
 disfranchised Past Masters of membership in the Grand Lodge, although 
 they were still permitted, uuder certain regulations, to be present and 
 to take part in the discussions. Attempts were made to modify, if not 
 to repeal, these sections, but without success; more than two-thirds 
 of the delegates had come there resolved that Past Masters should no 
 longer be permitted to oppose by their votes those of the represent- 
 atives of the Lodges, and the two sections were adopted precisely as 
 the) had been reported by the committee. No difficulty was experi- 
 30 
 
466 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 t:nced in the passage of the remaining sections, and the new Constitu- 
 tion was finally adopted as the supreme Masonic law of South Carolina, 
 on the 22d of November, 1860. 
 
 The committee on uniformity of work, which had been appointed in 
 the preceding year, and which had asked for permission to sit during 
 the recess, made a report which recommended that at each Communi- 
 cation of the Grand Lodge the Grand Officers should be constituted 
 into a Lodge of Instruction to communicate the work and lectures to 
 the representatives present. As this was, however, but an attempt to 
 renew those Lodges of Instruction which the repeated experience of 
 past years had shown to be utterly worthless, and as the committee had 
 made no provision by which the Grand Officers were first to acquire 
 the knowledge which they were to be called on to impart, the Grand 
 Lodge simply received the report as information, and discharged the 
 committee. 
 
 Subsequently, in the course of the Communication, Bro. A. G. 
 Mackey, who had been originally elected Grand Lecturer, in 1845, and 
 who had served in that office ever since, was formally reappointed 
 Grand Lecturer of the State. 
 
 On the subject of the connection of the Grand Lodge with Collegi- 
 ate Institutions, the report of a committee was adopted, which consid- 
 ered it unwise and impolitic to enter into any such connection. In 
 consequence, the Grand Lodge subsequently refused to take any per- 
 manent interest in the concerns of the Cokesbury Masonic Female 
 College. 
 
 The committee on the suggestion of the Grand Master in reference 
 to Lodge Libraries, recommended that every Lodge, that could, should 
 procure a Lodge Library, and the recommendation was adopted by the 
 Grand Lodge. 
 
 The suggestion of the Grand Master in reference to a Relief Lodge 
 in Charleston, was also acted on, and a resolution was adopted, recom- 
 mending the Lodges in Charleston to take the necessary measures 
 for the establishment of such a body. But the troubled condition of 
 political affairs in the State, which almost immediately followed, has 
 prevented the recommendation from being carried into effect. 
 
 The Grand Master having expressed his determination to withdraw 
 from office, resolutions approving of his conduct during his adminis- 
 tration were unanimously adopted, and a committee was appointed to 
 have a Past Master's jewel prepared, and to present him with the same 
 durins; the recess of the Grand Lodge. The order of the Grand 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 4(37 
 
 Lodge was subsequently complied with, and the jewel was presented to 
 Brother Buist by Brother David Ramsay, Deputy Grand Master, at a 
 meeting of Solomon's Lodge No. 1, held at Charleston on the 4th of 
 June, 1861. 
 
 Recovery Lodge No. 31, in whose hall the Grand Lodge was holding 
 its Communications, had invited the Grand Master, in the course of 
 the previous summer, to deliver a public address on Freemasonry before 
 the citizens of Greenville during the session of the Grand Lodge. 
 Brother Buist having accepted the invitation, the Grand Lodge re- 
 solved to walk in procession to the place of delivery, and accordingly 
 on Thursday, 23d of November, a procession was formed under the 
 direction of Brother Peter K. Coburn, Grand Marshal, consisting of 
 the members of the Grand Lodge, and those of Recovery Lodge No. 
 31, with several visiting brethren, which moved to the Court House, 
 where, in the presence of a numerous body of auditors, and after 
 divine service by Rev. Brothers B. Johnson, Grand Chaplain, and T. 
 S. Arthur, Past Grand Chaplain, an eloquent address was delivered by 
 M. W. Brother Henry Buist, Grand Master; after which the proces- 
 sion returned to the Lodge room, where the Grand Lodge was reopened, 
 and a copy of the address was requested for publication. With this 
 request, however, I regret to say, that the author has not yet complied. 
 
 The representative system had, since its first recommendation, many 
 years ago, by the Grand Lodge of New York, received the favorable 
 consideration of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, and, from time 
 to time, representatives to and from sister jurisdictions had been ap- 
 pointed or recognized. At the present Communication, Brother 
 Albert G. Mackey presented his credentials, as the representative of 
 the M. W. Grand Lodges of Louisiana, Iowa and Kansas, near the M. 
 W. Grand Lodge of South Carolina. He was duly recognized and 
 welcomed as such; and it was resolved, that the Grand Master be 
 authorized, during the recess of the Grand Lodge, to appoint represen- 
 tatives to the Graud Lodges of Louisiana, Iowa and Kansas, and to 
 such other Grand Lodges as should be willing to reciprocate the 
 courtesy, and the Grand Secretary was directed to issue the commis- 
 sions for the same under the seal of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 An itinerant lecturer from some of the western States, an illiterate 
 person, with very incorrect notions of the ritual, had, during the past 
 year, visited several of the Lodges in remote districts, and done much 
 harm by the inculcation of his crude notions. This subject was 
 brought to the notice of the Grand Lodge by the Grand Master, and 
 
408 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 referred to a committee, which recommended that such lecturers should 
 be discountenanced by the Grand Lodge, and that the Subordinate 
 Lodges should be directed to hold no communication with itinerant 
 lecturers, nor to engage any of them to exemplify the work in the first 
 three degrees. The recommendation of the committee was adopted by 
 the Grand Lodge. 
 
 The present work, which had been completed by the author to the 
 year 1859, was laid before the Grand Lodge. It was referred to a com- 
 mittee, upon whose recommendation it was accepted and ordered to be 
 published by the Grand Lodge. 
 
 The "Ahiman Rezon," or "Book of Constitutions," which had been 
 compiled in 1852, being now out of print, the compiler was author- 
 ized to publish a new edition. 
 
 A committee was appointed to procure new clothing and jewels for 
 the Grand Lodge, a provision that was necessary in consequence of the 
 changes that had been made in these articles by the new Constitution. 
 
 On the 21st of November the Grand Officers were elected. Brother 
 Benjamin Rush Campbell was elected Grand Master. On the follow- 
 ing day the Grand and Subordinate Officers were installed, the Grand 
 Master elect having been first installed by the late Grand Master, and 
 the former then installing the remaining officers. 
 
 The following were the Grand and Subordinate Officers elected and 
 appointed to serve until the Annual Communication in November, 1861: 
 
 B. Rush Campbell, Laurens, Grand Master ; 
 
 David Ramsay, Charleston, Deputy Grand Master; 
 
 T. P. Slider, Newberry, Senior Grand Warden; 
 
 D. J. BARNETT, Williamston, Junior Grand Warden ; 
 
 J. H. Honour, Charleston, Grand Treasurer; 
 
 A. G. Mackey, Charleston, Grand Secretary ; 
 
 J. C. Williams, Cokesbury, Grand Chaplain ; 
 
 J. T. Robertson, Abbeville, )„.'-, 
 
 t Senior Grand Deacons ; 
 
 R. Anderson, C lumbia, 
 
 S. G. Mobley, Edgefield, 
 
 D. W. Hawthorne, Due West 
 
 P. K. Coburn, Charleston, Grand Marshal; 
 
 T. H. Pitts, Clinton, Grand Pursuivant ; 
 
 George Seaborn, Pendleton, 
 
 J. H. Nash, Beaufort, 
 
 Samuel Burkk, Charleston, Grand Tiler; 
 
 A. G. Mackey, Charleston, Grand Lecturer 
 
 > Junior Grand Deacons; 
 
 r Grand Stewards; 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 469 
 
 Warrants of constitution were granted during the session to the fol- 
 lowing Lodges, which had been acting under the dispensation of the 
 Grand Master : 
 
 Mt. Moriah No. 58, at White Plains; Blackville No. 63, at Black- 
 ville; Frauklin No. 96, at Charleston; Coleman No. 97, at Feaster- 
 ville; American No. 98, at Gillisunville ; Star No. 99, at Granite- 
 ville; 31outicello No. 100, at Monticcllo; Ebeuezer No. 101, at 
 Marietta. 
 
 On Friday morning, the 23d of November, the Grand Lodge was 
 closed, having previously resolved to hold its next Annual Communica- 
 tion in November, 1861, at the city of Columbia. 
 
470 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER LIV. 
 
 ROYAL ARCH MASONRY IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 The researches of modern writers have established the fact that, 
 until the year 1740, the Royal Arch degree did not hold a substantive 
 and distinct position as an independent degree in the ritual of 
 Masonry. Its essential element constituted a component part of the 
 Master Mason's degree, and was, in fact, its crowning or concluding 
 portion. It was, therefore, not a degree, but the complement of a 
 degree — was not conferred under a separate jurisdiction, but in a 
 Master's Lodge — and was, therefore, intimately connected with sym- 
 bolic Masonry in all its ritualistic teachings. 
 
 One consequence of this condition of things, has been to make the 
 early history of Royal Arch Masonry, in any part of the world where 
 the York rite is practiced, utterly inaccessible. One might as well 
 expect to find materials for writing a history of the Entered Appren- 
 tice's degree, as that of the Royal Arch. We may discover ample 
 documents illustrative of the history of the Order and of the origin 
 and growth of particular Lodges in many jurisdictions, but there is no 
 basis of information on which the historian can build a history of the 
 progress of any one of the degrees conferred in such Lodges. 
 
 In America, Royal Arch Chapters did not begin to present them- 
 selves as independent bodies and subjects of history, until near the end 
 of the last century. The first Grand Chapter in the United States was 
 established in the year 1798,* but seven years elapsed before a Chapter 
 of Royal Arch Masons, independent of symbolic Masonry, was organ- 
 ized in South Carolina,"j* and the Grand Chapter of the State was not 
 established until fourteen years afterwards. 
 
 During all this time the Royal Arch degree was conferred in South 
 Carolina, as in the neighboring State of Georgia, in Chapters dependent 
 on, and deriving their authority from, Master Mason's warrants. I 
 
 * See French's Compend. of Gen. G. Chap., p. 8. 
 
 f In 1803 there was a body in Charleston called the " Royal Arch Chapter of 
 Charleston," which worked under the authority of the warrant of Orange Lodge 
 No. 14. See note, infra. 
 
SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 have, in years past, made the acquaintance of several old Royal Arch 
 Masons in the upper part of the State, who had in this way received 
 the degree. The long period which had elapsed since their withdrawal 
 from the active pursuits of Masonry, and the loss of memory attendant 
 on their extreme age, have prevented them from furnishing me all the 
 particulars in reference to the history of the ritual which 1 would have 
 desired, but I learned enough from m} r frequent conversations with 
 these Patriarchs of the Order, (all of whom I think have now suc- 
 ceeded to their heritage in the Celestial Lodge,) to enable me to state 
 positively that in the upper Districts of South Carolina, at as late a 
 period as the year 1813, the Royal Arch degree was conferred in 
 Chapters holden under the authority of Master's warrauts. The same 
 condition of things existed in the neighboring State of Georgia. I 
 have, in relation to the old Georgia Chapters, been enabled to 
 strengthen the position by that documentary evidcuco which is so es- 
 sentially necessary in all history, and yet so difficult to be obtained in 
 Masonic history. Some years since I was indebted to the kindness of 
 Comp. ]>. B. Russell, of Augusta, for an inspection of a manuscript 
 volume bearing the title of "Minutes of Royal Arch Chapter No. 1, 
 under the sanction of Forsyth's Lodge No. 14, on the registry of 
 Georgia," which body met in the city of Augusta. The record is 
 restricted to the year 1796, but it contains ample evidence of the fact 
 that no special warraut from the Grand Lodge or any other body was 
 requisite lor holding a Chapter of Royal Arch Masons.* 
 
 Oral information has satisfied me that the same usage existed at that 
 time in South Carolina, | and hence that it is useless to look for any 
 
 ' These records state that the Chapter at Savannah having announced its 
 intention of applying to the Grand Lodge of Georgia for a dispensation or war- 
 rant, a letter was written to the Companions of Savannah by the Chapter at 
 Augusta, on the -JTtli of May, 1796, in which the following declaration appears: 
 
 " If there is any rule or by-law that requires a Royal Arch Chapter to apply for 
 a special dispensation or warrant, it is unknown to us. We conceive that the 
 warrant given to Forsyth's Lodge was sufficient for the members thereof to con- 
 fer any degree in Masonry agreeable to the ancient usages and customs." 
 
 f The following extract from the records of Orange Lodge No. 14, in the 
 city of Charleston, under the date of July 11, 1796, Shows the existence of a 
 similar usage, in the York Lodges at least, in this Stale. "Amotion was made 
 and agreed to thai this Lodge sanction the opening of a Royal Arch Chapter 
 under its jurisdiction." And again on January 3, 1803, it was " resolved that the 
 privilege of the warrant of this Lodge he granted for the use of the Royal Arch 
 Chapter of Charleston." Hitter I /<> By-Laws of Orange 
 
 ■ 
 
472 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 history of Royal Arch Masonry distinct from that of the symbolic 
 degrees, until the introduction of independent Chapters by the Grand 
 Chapter of the Northern States. 
 
 It will, however, be seen in a subsequent part of this work, that the 
 Mark degree was conferred in Charleston in 1803, under a warrant 
 granted by a Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem, which body, in 
 turn, derived its authority from the Supreme Council of the Ancient 
 and Accepted Rite. 
 
 On the 1st of March, 1805, the OfBcers of the General Grand Chap- 
 ter of the United States (then called the General Grand Chapter of 
 the Northern States) granted a warrant for the establishment of a 
 Chapter in the town uf Beaufort, to be known as " Unity Chapter No. 
 3." This was, therefore, the first independent Chapter which was ever 
 organized in South Carolina. This action of the General Grand Offi- 
 cers was approved by the General Grand Chapter at its septennial 
 meeting in 180G, and the warrant was confirmed and made permanent. 
 
 At the same meeting of the General Grand Chapter a petition was 
 presented from Br^an Sweeny and others, of the city of Charleston, 
 praying for a charter to authorize them to open a Chapter in the said 
 city. A charter was not, however, given, because the General Grand 
 Chapter resolved that it was inexpedient to grant the prayer of the pe- 
 tition, inasmuch as it was not accompanied by any recommendation from 
 an adjacent Chapter.* 
 
 I find no further mention of this Chapter in the subsequent proceed- 
 ings of the General Grand Chapter, but as there were three Chapters 
 existing in Charleston in 1812, at the time of the organization of the 
 Grand Chapter, namely, Carolina, Unity and Union; as we also know 
 that Unity and Union Chapters received their original warrants under 
 the authority of the General Grand Chapter; and finally, as the pre- 
 amble to the first Constitution of the Grand Chapter of South Carolina 
 states that the three Chapters which formed it had been "regularly 
 ■warrauted by the authority of the Grand Chapter of the State of New 
 York and by the authority of the General Grand Chapter of the United 
 States/'-f it follows that Carolina Chapter received its warrant from the 
 Grand Chapter of New York, and was most probably the very Chapter 
 
 * Compendium of the Proceedings of the General Grand Chapter, p. 37. Is it 
 not nor.' than probable that the petitioners were members of the Chapter, which 
 the preceding note says was working under the warrant of Orange Lodge? 
 
 f Co.Htitutioa and Reg llations of the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the State 
 of South Carolina: Charleston, 1812, p. 8. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 473 
 
 the petition for whose warrant was refused on account of informality by 
 the General Grand Chapter in 1806. 
 
 Carolina Chapter No. 15,* on the registry of the Grand Chapter of 
 New York, was then the second Chapter formed in South Carolina, and 
 the date of its warrant was between the years 1806 and 1811, probably 
 in 1807, as it is to be supposed that the companions, who had failed to 
 obtain their charter in 1806 from the General Grand Chapter, would 
 delay as little as possible in making their application to another quar- 
 ter. 
 
 On the 20th of April, 1811, a warrant was granted by the General 
 Grand Officers to James Galloway, David Twing and George A. Fisher, 
 to open a Chapter in Charleston, to be designated as Union Chapter 
 No. 5. 
 
 There being now three Chapters in the State, namely, Caroliua Chap- 
 ter No. 15, at Charleston, deriving its warrant from the Grand Chapter 
 of New York; and Unity Chapter No. 8, at Beaufort, and Union Chap- 
 ter No. 5, at Charleston, bath deriving their tvarrauts from the General 
 Graud Chapter of the United States ; these three bodies met in conven- 
 tion at Charleston on the 29th of May, 1812, and formed the "Grand 
 Royal Arch Chapter of the State of South Carolina." 
 
 The establishment of the Graud Chapter was formally approved of 
 by Thomas Smith Webb, the General Grand King, on the 21st of Sep- 
 tember, 1812, and his proclamation of recognition, duly sealed with the 
 seal of the General Grand Chapter, signed by himself and by Otis Am- 
 midon, the General Grand Secretary, and properly engrossed on parch- 
 ment, was duly forwarded to Charleston, and is still preserved in the 
 archives of the Grand Chapter. 
 
 As soon as the Grand Chapter was organized new warrants were 
 issued to its three constituent Chapters, according to the following 
 precedency : Caroliua Chapter became No. 1, Unity Chapter No. 2, 
 and Union Chapter No. 3. 
 
 From the period of the organization of the Grand Chapter, to the 
 year 1820, Royal Arch Masonry appears to have made slow but certain 
 progress in the State, and seven more Chapters were added to the three 
 which had originally existed. In 1826 the following Chapters were on 
 the registry of the Grand Chapter, although some of them were even 
 then beginning to give evidence of decay and loss of zeal : 
 
 * This is the Dumber by which it is designated in the oripinal Constitution of the 
 Grand Chapter of South Carolina. 
 
474 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Carolina Chapter No. 1, at Charleston; 
 
 Unity Chapter No. 2, Beaufort; 
 
 Union Chapter No. 3, Charleston; 
 
 Rising Star Chapter No. 4, Camden ; 
 
 Columbia Chapter No. 5, Columbia; 
 
 Constancia Recta Chapter No. 6, Havana, Cuba;* 
 
 Burning Bush Chapter No. 7, Greenville ; 
 
 Washington Chapter No. 8, Georgetown ; . 
 
 Franklin Chapter No. 9, Chester; 
 
 LaFayette Chapter No. 10, Cheraw. 
 
 From this time, and for many years afterward, Royal Arch Masonry 
 lost its prestige among the Masons of South Carolina, and although the 
 Grand Chapter did not cease, until 1833, to hold its two semi-annual 
 Convocations, its minutes do not record, after the year 1827, the 
 presence of the representatives of more than three Chapters at any one 
 of these Convocations, and in 1829 it was found necessary to alter the 
 Constitution so as to make two Chapters a quorum. 
 
 The three Chapters which continued thus manfully to stand by the 
 apparently sinking ship, were Carolina and Union Chapters at Charles- 
 ton, and Franklin Chapter at Chester. At length, in 1830, the last of 
 these bodies was compelled to succumb to the pressure of circum- 
 stances, and it received permission to suspend, temporarily, until such 
 time as it would be found convenient to resume its meetings. But 
 Franklin Chapter was never revived, although, many years afterwards, 
 a new Chapter bearing its name, but not its number, was established 
 at the same place. 
 
 It was while the Grand Chapter of South Carolina was thus itself 
 on the eve of dissolution, that a resolution was unanimously adopted")" 
 declaring that " the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the State of South 
 Carolina considers the General Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the 
 
 * In the report of a committee of the Grand Chapter, on the 3d of March, 
 1827, the following notice is taken of this Chapter: "Constancia Recta No. 6, 
 formerly in existence at Havana, in the island of Cuba, has not been heard from 
 for five years past, and, owing to the arbitrary and tyrannical laws of Ferdinand 
 VII., the present -Monarch of Spain, it dare not assemble or hold any meetings 
 for the transaction of business. The committee, therefore, recommend that, in 
 future, it be considered extinct, and no further notice be taken of it on the books 
 of the Grand Chapter." 
 
 f Records 23 July, 1829. Twelve members were present at the meeting. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 475 
 
 United States of America a useless body, and, therefore, recommends 
 its dissolution." 
 
 I am happy to say that as this was the first, so was it the last, attack 
 made on the General Grand Chapter in this State. Since the revival 
 of the Grand Chapter, and its subsequent growth in sti'ength and 
 influence, all that strength and influence have been steadily employed in 
 supporting the existence and the authority of the General Grand 
 body. 
 
 On the 28th of February, 1833, there was an Annual Convocation. 
 The representatives of only two Chapters were pi-esent, namely, of 
 Carolina and of Franklin, and the latter of these bodies had been sus- 
 pended for several years, and, therefore, was not legally in existence. 
 The Grand Chapter nevertheless proceeded to the election of Grand 
 Officers and was then closed. It was not again opened for eight years. 
 Royal Arch Masonry was, at length, extinct, or, at least, in a profound 
 sleep in South Carolina. 
 
 Several causes conspired to produce this lamentable result. Royal 
 Arch Masonry had never taken a very elevated position in the juris- 
 diction, nor were its degrees ever cultivated with much assiduity by 
 the enquiring Masons who lived between the time of the formation of 
 the Grand Chapter and that of its dissolution, and who, from local 
 causes, were rather led to attach themselves to the degrees of the An- 
 cient and Accepted Rite. The condition of the whole Order about the 
 year 1833, was far from prosperous; the Subordinate Lodges were few 
 in number, and in Charleston neither they nor the Grand Lodge were 
 in possession of a fixed and convenient Hall. And lastly, the scourge 
 of anti-masonry, which had swept like a besom of destruction over all 
 of the Northern and many of the Southern States, though dealing more 
 gently with the Institution in South Carolina, had not permitted it 
 even there to go altogether unscathed. To these combined influences 
 the Grand Chapter was compelled to yield, and, as we have seen, was 
 forced to suspend its labors. 
 
 In 1843 Masonry in Charleston began to experience a revival, by 
 the building of a Hall, and Royal Arch Masonry enjoyed the benefit 
 of the reinvigoratcd zeal. On the 25th of February, 1841, the Graud 
 Chapter of South Carolina was reopened at the Masonic Hall in Charles- 
 ton. Comp. Joel R. Poinsett, the last Grand High Priest, was not in 
 the city, but the chair was taken by Comp. W. S. King, who had been 
 elected the Deputy Grand High Priest at the last Convocation. Caro- 
 lina and Union Chapters, which had during the long recess maintained 
 
476 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 a feeble and only formnl existeuce, were represented. The Grand 
 Chapter proceeded to the election of officers, and Coinp. II. G. Street, 
 to whose exertions the Grand Chapter was chiefly indebted for its re- 
 vival, was elected Grand High Priest. 
 
 During that and the succeeding two years, the Grand Chapter re- 
 ceived no accession of Subordinates, but in 1844 warrants were granted 
 for three new Chapters : Rising Star No. 4, at Camden ; Florida No. 
 4, at St. Augustiue, Florida ;* aud Rising Sun No. 6, at Winnsboro. 
 
 In granting a warrant for the establishment of a Chapter in the ter- 
 ritory of Florida, it has to be acknowledged that the Grand Chapter of 
 South Carolina exceeded her constitutional powers, and illegally inter- 
 fered with the prerogatives of the General Grand Chapter. When 
 subsequently a Grand Chapter was formed in Florida, and application 
 was made by it for admission into the confederation of the General 
 Grand Chapter, much embarrassment was occasioned by this conflict of 
 jurisdictions. The General Grand Chapter, justly, as I think, required 
 that the Chapter at St. Augustine should make its returns and pay its 
 dues, from the time of its organization, to that body, which would then 
 grant a new charter and legalize its work. The Grand Chapter of 
 Florida was, however, unwilling to accede to these propositions, under 
 the conviction that whatever might have been the irregularities which 
 had existed in the original organization of Florida Chapter, in St. 
 Augustine, they were matters to be settled by the General Grand 
 Chapter with the Grand Chapter of South Carolina and not with that 
 of Florida. The misunderstanding has not yet been arranged, and 
 the Grand Chapter of Florida never has, a second time, proposed a 
 union with the General Grand Chapter, as its first proposition was not 
 at cnce acceded to for the reasons which have been just detailed. 
 
 In 1845 a dispensation was granted to Columbia Chapter No. 5, at 
 Columbia, but, notwithstanding the apparent promise of a more pros- 
 perous era in the history of Masonry in the State, the time of a revival 
 seemed not yet to have arrived. The Chapter at St. Augustine with- 
 drew to unite with the Grand Chapter of Fdorida, the Chapter at 
 Winnsboro, having fallen into incompetent hands, became extinct, and 
 those at Camden and Columbia, owing, most probably, to an insuffi- 
 ciency of zeal or want of attention, on the part of the original 
 members, were compelled, for some years, to struggle for existence. 
 
 Yet, with all these discouragements, the progress of the Order was 
 
 * Camden Chapter neglected to take its warrant, and the number was given to 
 Florida Chapter. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 477 
 
 still onward. From 1846 there was no bad; ward movement. Royal 
 Arch Masonry at first pained strength slowly- but surely, and afterwards 
 with more rapidity. From the year 1 845 to 1860 twenty-three new 
 Chapters have been instituted, nearly all of which are still iu existence, 
 and many of them are in a highly prosperous condition. In February, 
 1861, the registry of the Grand Chapter of Sunt!; Caroliua preseuted 
 the following list of subordinates: 
 
 Carolina Chapter No. 1, 
 Flint Hill Chapter No. 2, 
 Union Chapter No. 3, 
 Rising Star Chapter No. 4, 
 Columbia Chapter No. 5, 
 Rising Sun Chapter No. G, 
 
 Charleston. 
 Fairfield District. 
 Charleston. 
 Camden. 
 
 Columbia. 
 Laurensville. 
 
 Burning Bush Chapter No. 7, Anderson. 
 
 Bezaleel Chapter No. 8, 
 Orient Chapter No. 9, 
 La Fayette Chapter No. 10, 
 Zerubbabel Chapter No. 11, 
 Germania Chapter No. 12, 
 Eureka Chapter No. 13, 
 Franklin Chapter No. 14, 
 Maekey Chapter No. 15, 
 Poinsett Chapter No. 16, 
 Hesperiau Chapter No. 17, 
 Signet Chapter No. 18, 
 Keystone Chapter No. 19, 
 Delta Chapter No. 20, 
 
 Edgefield. 
 Cokesbury. 
 Darlington. Extinct. 
 Charleston. 
 Charleston. 
 Orangeburg. 
 Chester. 
 Yorkville. 
 
 Union. Suspended, 
 Abbeville. 
 Newberry. 
 Lancaster. 
 Ruford's Bridge. 
 
 Living Arch Chapter No. 21, Pendleton. 
 
 Cyrus Chapter No. 22, Greenville. 
 
 Excelsior Chapter No. 23, Cheraw. 
 
 Washington Chapter No. 24, Bamberg. 
 
 Beulah Chapter No. 25, Sumter. 
 
 I trust that I may be pardoned for my just pride in saying that, 
 with the exception of the two Chapters which I found in existence on 
 my first admission to the Grand Chapter, and two subsequently estab- 
 lished in Charleston, I may claim the paternity of every other Chapter 
 instituted in South Carolina since the year l!>45. On my election as 
 Grand Lecturer of the Grand Chapter, in that, year, 1 resolved to 
 devote myself to the extension of the lloyul Order iu the jurisdiction, 
 
478 
 
 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 and, during the subsequent years, from 1845 to 1861, in which I have 
 successively served in the offices of Grand Lecturer, Deputy Grand and 
 then Grand High Priest, I have been personally present and organized 
 every Chapter in the State, with the four exceptions above mentioned. 
 The following is a list of the Grand High Priests and their Deputies, 
 who have presided over Royal Arch Masonry in South Carolina from 
 the organization of the Grand Chapter in 1812 to the year 1861 : 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 GRAND HIGH PRIESTS. 
 
 DEPUTY GRAND HIGH PRIESTS. 
 
 1812 
 
 William Young. 
 
 James Galloway. 
 
 1813 
 
 William Young. 
 
 James Galloway. 
 
 1814 ' 
 
 William Young. 
 
 James Galloway. 
 
 1815 
 
 Edward Hughes. 
 
 J. J. Wright. 
 
 1816 
 
 William Young. 
 
 Alex. England. 
 
 1817 
 
 William Young. 
 
 Alex. England. 
 
 1818 
 
 William Young. 
 
 James Evans. 
 
 1819 
 
 William Young. 
 
 Joel R. Poinsett. 
 
 1820 
 
 William Young. 
 
 Joel R. Poinsett. 
 
 1821 
 
 Joel 11. Poinsett. 
 
 William Young. 
 
 1822 
 
 Joel R. Poinsett. 
 
 William Young. 
 
 1823 
 
 Joel R. Poinsett. 
 
 Richard Maynard. 
 
 1824 
 
 John L. Wilson. 
 
 John R. Rogers. 
 
 1825 
 
 John L. Wilson. 
 
 C. C Sebring. 
 
 1826 
 
 John L. Wilson. 
 
 George Cuthbert. 
 
 1827 
 
 James Eyland. 
 
 John McKee. 
 
 1828 
 
 James Eyland. 
 
 E. H. Maxcy. 
 
 1829 
 
 James Eyland. 
 
 Alex. McDonald. 
 
 1830 
 
 Alex. McDonald. 
 
 E. S. Courtenay. 
 
 1831 
 
 John M. Rogers. 
 
 W. S. King. 
 
 1832 
 
 John M. Rogers. 
 
 George B. Eckhardt. 
 
 1833 
 
 Joel R. Poinsett. 
 
 W. S. King. 
 
 
 The Grand Chapter 
 
 was suspended until 1841. 
 
 1841 
 
 H. G. Street. 
 
 John H. Honour. 
 
 1842 
 
 H. G. Street. 
 
 John H. Honour. 
 
 1843 
 
 John H. Honour. 
 
 Albert Case. 
 
 1844 
 
 John H. Honour. 
 
 Albert Case. 
 
 1845 
 
 John H. Honour. 
 
 F. C. Barber. 
 
 1846 
 
 John H. Honour. 
 
 Charles M. Furman. 
 
 1847 
 
 John H. Honour. 
 
 Albert G. Mackey. 
 
 1848 
 
 John H. Honour. 
 
 Albert G. Mackey. 
 
m SOUTH CAROLINA. 479 
 
 1849 John II. Houour. Albert G. Mackey. 
 
 1850 John H. Houour. Albert G. Mackey. 
 
 1851 John H. Honour. Albert Or. Mackey. 
 
 1852 John H. Houour. Albert G. Mackey. 
 
 1853 John H. Honour. Albert Gr. Mackey. 
 
 1854 Albert G. Mackey. 13. Rush Campbell. 
 
 1855 Albert G. Mackey. 13. Hush Campbell. 
 
 1856 Albert G. Mackey. B. Hush Campbell. 
 
 1857 Albert G. Mackey. V. D. V. Jamison. 
 
 1858 Albert G. Mackey. V. D. V. Jamison. 
 
 1859 Albert G. Mackey. J. It. Bratton. 
 
 1860 Albert G. Mackey. It. E. Wylie. 
 
 1861 Albert G. Mackey. J. J. Brabham. 
 
 The Grand Chapter of South Carolina has been always an eminently 
 conservative and harmonious body. Its records from the time of its 
 organization to the present day do not show at any period the existence 
 of the slightest portion of that contentious or controversial spirit which 
 it has been my unpleasant duty to relate as having been on more than 
 one occasion present in the different Grand Lodges of the State. A 
 pregnant evidence of this kindly state of feeling among the members 
 is to be found in the fact that the reform in the Constitution which 
 abolished proxies and established the system of paid representation, 
 being precisely the same great system of reformation which gave rise 
 to so much controversy in the Grand Lodge, was adopted in the Grand 
 Chapter, at almost the very time that the struggle was going on in the 
 Grand Lodge, almost without debate, and with entire unanimity. The 
 Grand Chapter now admits no representatives unless they are members 
 of the Chapter which they represent, and holds one Annual Convoca- 
 tion in February, at which the expenses of its representatives and 
 Grand Officers are paid. By its Constitution, this Convocation must 
 be held in the city of Charleston. 
 
480 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER LY. 
 
 CRYPTIC MASONRY IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 By the term " Cryptic Masonry," modern writers designate that 
 branch of the Institution which embraces the degrees of Royal and 
 Select Master. The term is derived from the Grceco-latin word 
 " crypta," a vault, and its refereuce will be readily understood by 
 the possessors of the degrees. The early Latin writer, Firmicius, 
 uses the expression " crypticus homo," to designate " a close man who 
 will keep counsel." The phrase is equivalent to the Hebrew "ISH 
 SOUDI," a man of my secret counsel, or, my confidential friend, 
 which words are familiar to all Select Masters. The term, although of 
 recent usage, is well derived and very convenient, and, notwithstanding 
 that it has been cavilled at by a few authorities, I shall not hesitate to 
 adopt it. 
 
 Cryptic Masonry, in South Carolina, does not afford any very abun- 
 dant materials for history. It is only within a few years that it has 
 here been elevated into a separate jurisdiction, or, indeed, been placed 
 under any sort of organization whatever, nor has the jurisdiction of 
 South Carolina been at all embarrassed by the controversies which have 
 prevailed in other States, in reference to the origin and the proper 
 locality or Masonic rank of the Royal and Select degrees. 
 
 For many years there have heen three distinct claims urged for juris- 
 diction over these degrees in America. First, by Supreme Councils of 
 the thirty-third degree; next, by some of the Grand Chapters, and 
 lastly, by Grand Councils composed of the Subordinate Councils of 
 each t'tate. 
 
 Connected with this question of jurisdiction is another, in reference 
 to the historical origin of the degrees and as to the person or persons 
 by whom they were first introduced into America. The Masons of 
 Maryland and Virginia contend that the Royal and Select degrees were 
 introduced by Philip Eckel, of Baltimore, " one of the most distin- 
 guished and enlightened Masons of his day," who, in 1817, commu- 
 nicated them to Jeremy L. Cross, and gave him authority to confer 
 them iu every Royal Arch Chapter which he might visit in his official 
 
IN" SOUTH CAROLINA. 481 
 
 character.* From whom, however, Eckel received them is not stated, 
 and as the degrees are known to have been in existence in South Caro- 
 lina long before his time, it may be presumed that be received them 
 from some source which at last could, if we had the documentary evi- 
 dence, be traced to the Supreme Council. 
 
 The history of these degrees in South Carolina carries them to a 
 period far anterior to any transactions connected with the possession of 
 them by Eckel in Baltimore This history I am fortunately able to 
 give on official authority, and from persons who were engaged in 
 examining the question at a time when the sources of correct informa- 
 tion on the subject were more readily attainable than they are now. 
 
 In the year 1826, the Grand Chapter of Maryland addressed a 
 circular to the different Grand Chapters of the United States, sug- 
 gesting "the propriety of those bodies assuming jurisdiction and 
 authority over these degrees. It may be remarked in passing, and 
 without further entering into this vexed question of jurisdiction, that 
 the very word "assuming," used by the Grand Chapter of Maryland, 
 was a tacit acknowledgment by implication, that the powers which it 
 proposed to exercise over the degrees was intended to be an innovation 
 on preceding usage, and an assumption of somuthiug not formerly 
 possessed. 
 
 The proposition was, in South Carolina, referred to an able com- 
 mittee of the Grand Chapter, which, after a careful examination, made 
 an interesting report in 1829, which embodied all the historical infor- 
 mation which could at that time be obtained on the subject, and it 
 will be remembered that many of the persons who had been in inti- 
 mate connexion with the Masons who are supposed to have brought 
 these degrees to America were then living in Charleston, and holding 
 high positions in the Masonic Fraternity. 
 
 The committee stated that they had ascertained that Brothers Frede- 
 rick Dalcho, Isaac Auld, James Moultrie, aud Moses C. Levy, with 
 many others, received the Royal and Select degrees in Charleston, S. 
 C, in February, 1783, in the Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection, 
 then established in that city. 
 
 When wc take into consideration the facts that of the four persons 
 abovenamed, Dalcho, Auld and Levy were still living and residing in 
 the city of Charleston ; that Dr. Holbrook, the author of the report, 
 was well acquainted with them, and a member of the same Supreme 
 
 Bee proceeding of G. Chap, of Va., 1R48, p. 23. 
 
 :;i 
 
482 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Council, and that there were those daily opportunities of communica- 
 tion between him and them, which are so common and convenient 
 among the inhabitants of a small city, we are irresistibly led to the 
 inference that Holbrook made his statement after a personal interview 
 with, and from the very mouths of, these original members of the 
 Lodge of Perfection, in which they had, in 1783, received the degrees. 
 
 If so, and I do nut see how we can avoid this deduction, it is impos- 
 sible to find better evidence of any fact in the history of Masonry 
 than that the degrees of Royal and Select Master were conferred in 
 the city of Charleston in the year 1783, by the Sublime Grand Lodge 
 of Perfection. 
 
 The committee stated that they had further ascertained, and it is to 
 be presumed upon the same authority, that at the original establish- 
 ment of the Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem in Charleston, on 
 the 20th of February, 1788, by the Deputy Inspectors General, 
 Joseph Myers, Barcnd M. Spitzer and A. Forst, Brother Myers de- 
 posited iu the archives of the said Grand Council certified copies of 
 the Royal and Select degrees, "from Berlin, in Prussia, which were to 
 be under the future guidance and fostering protection of the govern- 
 ment of the above named presiding body." 
 
 In a manuscript copy of the degrees of Royal and Select Master, in 
 the archives of the Supreme Council at Charleston, these statements 
 are reaffirmed from another source, with some additional information, 
 in a note which is in the hand-writing of Moses Holbrook. and signed 
 with the initials of his name. Holbrook was at that time the Grand 
 Commander of the Southern Supreme Council. The note alluded to 
 is in these words: 
 
 "In Bro. Snell's book is written the following : 
 " ' Supreme Council Chamber, Charleston, S. C, 10th Feb., 1827. 
 
 "'I hereby certify that the " Detached Degrees," called Royal and 
 Select Master, or Select Masters of 27, were regularly given by the 
 Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection, (No. 2, in the U. S. A.,) estab- 
 lished by Bro. Isaac DaCosta, in Charleston, in February, 1783, one of 
 the origiual members of which, M. I. Bro. Moses C. Levy, is still 
 alive, and a member of it to this day, without ceasing to be so for a 
 day. And further that at the first establishment of a Grand Council 
 of Princes of Jerusalem in Charleston, in February, 1783, by the 
 111. Deputy Inspectors General, Joseph Myers, B. M. Spitzer and A. 
 Forst, Bro. Myers (who succeeded Bro. DaCosta after his decease,) 
 deposited a certified copy of the degrees from Berlin, in Prussia, to be 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 483 
 
 under the guidance and fostering protection of the government of the 
 above Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem.' 
 
 "Bro. Myers, shortly after this, (20th February, 1788,) resided 
 some time in Norfolk, Richmond and Baltimore, previous to his removal 
 to Europe, and he communicated a knowledge of these degrees to a 
 number of brethren in those cities. The original copy is still in my 
 keeping, and agreeably to the obligations of the same, and the Grand 
 Constitutions governing those degrees, viz: Royal and Select Masters 
 of 27, it is correct and lawful to give them either to Sublime Masons 
 who have arrived to the Knights of the 9;h Arch, (13th degree,) or 
 to Companions uf the ?d Arch, Royal Arch Masons." 
 
 Peter Snell, the author of this note, of which it appears that 
 Holbrook only took a copy, was a Deputy Inspector General, and 
 having received the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Rite in 
 Charleston, removed to New Orleans, where, for some time, he acted 
 as an agent, of the Southern Supreme Council. I suppose that he 
 derived his information from the same source as that from which 
 Holbrook obtained his. The additional fact mentioned in the latter 
 paragraph, that Myers resided for some time in Baltimore, may throw 
 some light on the source whence Eckel of that city obtained the 
 degrees, which he afterwards communicated to Cross, and to which 
 allusion h::S already been made. 
 
 With those preliminary remarks, we are now ready to enter upon the 
 history of Cryptic Masonry in South Carolina, with some chance of 
 attaining the truth. 
 
 The Royal and Select degrees were first introduced into South Caro- 
 lina in the year 1783, and conferred in the Lodge of Perfection, at 
 the city of Charleston, under the authority of the Ancient and 
 Accepted Rite. 
 
 They were never conferred under any other authority in the State 
 until very 'recently. For a long time after the decline of the Lodge of 
 Perfect ion and the Council of Princes of Jerusalem, the degrees were 
 conferred by the Inspectors General as an honorarium on persous who 
 had received the Royal Arch in the Ancient and Accepted Rite, or in 
 the York Rite. They were never conferred on any who had not 
 advanced to this point in Masonry. 
 
 The first Council established iu the State was Adoniram Council No. 
 1, organized in 1850 by the author of this work, in his capacity as a 
 Grand Inspector, and under the immediate authority of the Supreme 
 Council. Subsequently, he established Councils in other parts of the 
 
 . 
 
484 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 State by the same authority. Their warrants all emanated from the 
 Supreme Council. 
 
 The same course was pursued by him in Florida and in North Caro- 
 lina, by the Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem in Mississippi, 
 and by Brother Albert Pike, a Sovereign Inspector in Arkansas, in all 
 of which States Grand Councils were subsequently formed, with the 
 approbation of the Supreme Council at Charleston. 
 
 The numbers of Councils in the State having greatly increased, a 
 wish was expressed by their members to have them placed under the 
 distinct jurisdiction of a State Grand Council, and the proposition was 
 made to the Supreme Council, which body cheerfully acceded to it, in 
 1859, with a single stipulation to be hereafter mentioned. 
 
 Accordingly, a meeting of the representatives of eight Councils was 
 held in the city of Charleston on the 15th of February, 1860, when 
 the following Councils were represented : 
 
 No. 1, at Charleston; No. 2, at Laurens; No. 3, at Cokesbury; No. 
 4, at Anderson ; No. 5, at Columbia ; No. 6, at Lancaster ; No. 7, at 
 Flint Hill; No. 8, at York; and No. 9, at Cheraw. 
 
 A Council of Select Masters was opened with the following officers : 
 
 Comp. A. G. Mackey, Grand Master; 
 
 A. F. Lumpkin, Hiram of Tyre; 
 
 B. K. Campbell, P. Cond. of the Works ; 
 Wm. Armstrong, Treasurer; 
 
 E. J. Waddel, Secretary ; 
 W. T. McKewn, Capt. Guards; 
 P. S. Jacobs, Cond. of the Council ; 
 W. B. Thompson, Steward. 
 
 Comp. A. G. Mackey stated that the object of this meeting was to 
 organize a Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters, for the State 
 of South Carolina, the Supreme Council of the thirty-third* degree for 
 the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States having agreed to relin- 
 quish ita authority over the Councils now established in the State, and 
 over all others hereafter to be established, provided that no law should 
 ever be enacted by the Grand Council impairing the individual rights 
 and prerogatives of the Sovereign Grand Inspectors in the State. 
 
 The terms were accepted, and the Grand Council of Royal and Select 
 Masters was forthwith organized with the following officers, who were 
 elected to serve for one vear : 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 4-S5 
 
 Coinp. A. Gr. Mackey, M.D., of Charleston, Most Puissant Grand 
 Master : 
 B. R. Campbell, of Laurens, Thrice Illustrious Deputy Grand 
 Master ; 
 
 A. F. Lumpkin, of Fairfield, Right Illustrious Principal Con- 
 
 ductor of the Works ; 
 
 J. R. Beatton, M.D., of Yorkville, Illustrious Grand Treas- 
 urer ; 
 
 H. W. Schroder, of Charleston, Illustrious Grand Recorder ; 
 
 B. Johnson, of Abbeville, Reverend Grand Chaplain; 
 John H. Harley, M.D., of Barnwell, Illustrious Grand 
 
 Captain of the Guards ; 
 R. E. Wylie, M.D., of Lancaster, Illustrious Grand Conductor 
 
 of the Council ; 
 W. B. Thompson, of Charleston, Grand Steward. 
 
 The following fundamental laws were then adopted, to constitute, 
 forever, the first and second articles of the Constitution : 
 
 "Article 1. The Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters of 
 South Carolina is formed by a power delegated to the several Subordi- 
 nate Councils in the State so to do, by the Supreme Council of Sover- 
 eign Grand Inspectors General of the thirty-third degree, of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Rite, for the Southern Jurisdiction of the 
 United States, from whom their warrants of constitution were origi- 
 nally derived, and under the express stipulation that all the rights and 
 privileges of the said Inspectors over the said degrees, except so far as 
 the granting of dispensations and warrants, and the exercise of 
 supreme Masonic control over the Councils and their members, shall be 
 reserved inviolate to the said Inspectors, and that the Grand Council 
 will assume no authority to open Councils beyond the limits of the 
 State of South Carolina. And this and the following article of the 
 Constitution shall be forever unrepealable, as fundamental principles of 
 law, except by and with the consent of the sawi Supreme Council of 
 Sovereign Grand Inspectors General. 
 
 " Article 2. No Royal and Select Master shall ever be acknowl- 
 edged as regular, or admitted to visit any Council in this State, if he 
 has been made under the authority of a Chapter of Royal Arch 
 Masons, nor unless he has received the degrees in a just and legally 
 constituted Council, or being a Roval Arch Mason, at the hands of a 
 Sovcrcigu Grand Inspector General." 
 
436 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 A committee was appointed to adopt a Constitution which was to be 
 reported ;it the next Convocation, and, after the transaction of some 
 other business, the Grand Council was closed. 
 
 The nest Annual Convocation was held on the 14th of February, 
 1X61, when the Constitution was adopted and the same Grand Officers 
 elected, with the exception of B. Thayer, elected Grand Treasurer, and 
 A. Ramsay, Grand Conductor of the Council. Three additional Coun- 
 cils were added to the registry, namely: No. 10, at Greeuville; No. 
 11, at Oraogeburg, and No. 12, at Edgefield. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 457 
 
 CHAPTER LVL 
 
 KNIGHT TEMPLAEI6M IN sol ill CAROLINA. 
 
 The exact date of the introduction of the Templar Order of Knight- 
 hood into South Carolina is involved in much obscurity. Gourdin,* 
 deducing his opinion from "an old soal in the archives," says that 
 "South Carolina Encampment No. 1, of Knights Templar, and the 
 Appendant Orders, was established in 1780." I have been unable to 
 find any reference, in the contemporary journals of the day, to the exist- 
 ence of "South Carolina Encampment No. 1," at that early period. 
 I have, however, been more successful in obtaining indisputable 
 evidence that the degrees of Knight of tlic Red Cross and Knight 
 Templar were conferred in Charleston, in a regularly organized body, 
 as far back as the year 1783, and I have no doubt that the seal, with 
 the date " 1780," to which Oourdiu refers, belonged to that body and 
 afterwards came into the possession of South Carolina Encampment. 
 
 The proof of what I have stated is contained in a small compass, 
 but the testimony is irrefutable. I have in my possession a diploma, -j- 
 wiitten in a very neat chirography on parchment, with t»vo seals, in 
 wax, attache.:; one in red of the Royal Arch, and the other in black 
 of the Knights Templar. The upper part of the diploma contains 
 
 * For much of the historical information contained in this chapter, I am in- 
 debted to an "Historical Sketch of the Order of Knights Templar." This is an 
 address delivered before South Carolina Commandery, in IS")."), by Theodore S. 
 Gourdin. Mr. Gourdin, who li.is since died, was, for many years, the presiding 
 oHicer of that body. To a considerable share of Masonic learning and talent he 
 added an unusual amount of laborious research, in the investigation of any sub- 
 ject upon which he was engaged. In the work just quoted, whose only objection 
 is its brevity, he has collected almost every fact relevant to the subject which was 
 contained in the minutes of the Commandery, or in contemporary records. I 
 have, I confess, found but little to glean in the field over which he has passed. 
 I have, however, ventured, in a leu instances, to dissent from his theories, and 
 once or twice have been compelled to correct his statements. 
 
 f I am indebted, for this very singular and. as a link in history, invaluable 
 diploma, to the Kindness of U. J. Witherspoon, Esq., of Lancaster, who, in turn, 
 received it from II. W. DeSaussure, Esq., of Camden. I have not been able to 
 trace it further. 
 
488 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 four devices within fcur circles, all skilfully executed with the pen. 
 The first device, begin Ding on the left hand, is a star of seven points, 
 with the ineffable name in the centre, and the motto " memento 
 mori;" the second is an arch on two pillars, the all-seeing eye on the 
 key-stone and a sun beneath the arch, and " holiness to the Lord" for 
 the motto; the third is the cross and brazen serpent, erected on a 
 bridge, and "Jesus Salvator Hominum" for the motto; and the fourth 
 is the skull and cross bones, surmounted by a cross, with the motto 
 " In hoc siyno vinces." The reference of the three last devices is 
 evidently to the Iloyal Arch, the Red Cross and Templar degrees. 
 The first is certainly a symbol of the Lodge of Perfection, and hence, 
 connectedly, they show the dependence of the Order of Templarism in 
 the State at that time upon the Ancient and Accepted Rite. 
 The diploma is in these words : 
 
 "We, the High Priest, Captain Commandant of the Red 
 Cross, and Captain General of that Most Holy and Invincible Order 
 of Knights Templar of St. Andrew's Lodge No. 1, Ancient 
 Masons, held in Charleston, South Carolina, under Charter from the 
 Grand Lodge of the Southern District of North America, do hereby 
 certify that our trusty and well-beloved Brother, Sir Henry Beau- 
 mont, hath passed the Chair, been raised to the sublime degrees of an 
 Excellent, Super-Excellent Royal Arch Mason, Knight of the Red 
 Cross, and a Knight of that Most Holy, Invincible and Magnanimous 
 Order of Knights Templar, Knights Hospitaller, Knight of 
 Rhodes, and of Malta, which several Orders are above delineated; 
 and he having conducted himself like a true and faithful Brother, we 
 affectionately recommend him to all the Fraternity of Ancient 
 Masons round the Globe wherever assembled. 
 
 " Given under our hands and seal of our Lodge, this first day of 
 August, five thousand seven hundred and eighty-three, and of 
 
 Malta, 3517. 
 
 GEO. CARTER, Capt, Gen'l 
 THOS. PASHLEY, 1st King. 
 WM. NISBETT, 2d King. 
 "Rd. Mason, Recorder" 
 
 But apart from the evidence furnished by this diploma, which only 
 goes to show that the Templar degree was conferred in Charleston as 
 far back as 1783 at least, it is on other grounds believed that the 
 regular degree was introduced into this country by the possessors of the 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 489 
 
 high degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Rite,* whose predecessors 
 received it in Europe from the founders of the rite, a part of whose 
 system it was to declare that Speculative Freemasonry was only a de- 
 scendant of the Knight Templarisui of the Crusades. The Grand 
 Encampment of New York was constituted by the members of the 
 spurious Consistory of the Ancient and Accepted Rite, and De Witt 
 Clinton was elected the Grand Master. This was in the year 1814, but 
 long before that period an Eucampmcut had existed in South Carolina. 
 
 I have no doubt that the degree of Knight Templar was conferred 
 in Charleston by the members of the Supreme Council, which had been 
 iorined there in 1801. As strongly corroborative of this fact, it may 
 be stated that, for a long time, in the early period of the history of 
 Templarism in this State, the most prominent men in the Encampment 
 were members of the Supreme Council. In the circular issued by the 
 latter body in 1 802, it is stated that the Inspectors are in possession of 
 a number of detached degrees, which they were in the habit of com- 
 municating. Among these we know the Select Master was one, and 
 the " Mediterranean Pass," a side degree of Templarism, was another. 
 And we have little reason to doubt that the Knight Templar was a 
 third. There is no possibility of doubt that the Knight of the Red 
 Cross, now used as a preparatory degree to that of the Templar, was 
 manufactured by, and could have been manufactured only by, an In- 
 spector of the Ancient and Accepted Rite, since it is but a modification 
 of one of the most interesting of the degrees of that Rite. 
 
 Cole, in his "Freemason's Library," (p. 317,) gives a list of degrees, 
 which, on the authority of a "publication in 1816," he says "are 
 conferred in the Sublime Grand Lodges in Charleston, S. C, in the 
 city of New York, and in Newport, R. I." Among these degrees are 
 the Knight of the Red Cross, Knight of Malta, and Knight Templar. 
 Cole does not give the name of the writer of the publication on whose 
 authority he makes the statement, and I have never been able to meet 
 with the original. I have, however, no doubt of the facts asserted. 
 We are informed in the "Proceedings of the Grand Encampment of 
 New York," (p. 15,) that the degree of Knight Templar was given in 
 1816 in the Consistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret in New 
 
 * w. u. Hubbard, late O. M. of the G. Bnoanrpment of the United - 
 l rappoae thai ire owe the origin of the Introduction of Templar Masonry 
 
 in tip . :i distinguished i Inspector <>i the Scottish Rite." 
 
 i 
 
490 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 Orleans, which body prayed for a Charter to enable it to open an En- 
 campment of Knights of the Red Cross, of Malta, and of the Mediter- 
 ranean Pass and Knights Templar, which prayer was granted. There 
 can, indeed, be scarcely any doubt that Templarism, in this country, 
 was originally under the control of the Ancient and Accepted Rite.* 
 
 Brother J. J. J. Gourgas, of New York, now the oldest possessor of 
 the degrees of that rite in America, whose personal information on the 
 subject is certainly better than that of any other person, has always 
 contended that the proper jurisdiction of the Templar, degree was 
 vested in the Supreme Councils of the Thirty-third. Of this there is 
 abundant evidence in his official correspondence preserved in the 
 archives of the Supreme Council at Charleston. In a letter addressed 
 to Moses Holbrook, the Grand Commander, on the loth of December, 
 1827, he uses the following language: 
 
 "I have always thought that the Knights Templar, and the other 
 Orders of Knighthood might, and ouyhl, of right, to be communicated 
 to 30ths, 31sts, 32ds and 33ds, just as much as the Rose Croix 
 Ecossais d' Heredom de Kilwinning, which is very much like the Order 
 of Knights Templar. Further: it is very desirable for the general 
 good and prosperity of the Masonic Order in this country, that the (J. 
 S. General Grand Encampment should be very soon entirely dispensed 
 with, and that every State Grand Encampment be transferred into a 
 State Grand Council and Consistory of the 30th, 31st and 32d, submit- 
 ted to the Supreme Council of their own jurisdiction." 
 
 These views of the venerable Bro. Gourgas could only have been de- 
 rived, I think, from his knowledge of the fact that Templar Masonry 
 was in this country originally under the jurisdiction of the Ancient 
 and Accepted Rite. 
 
 If this be the case, although the diploma just quoted shows that the 
 degree was conferred in 1783, under the authority of a Lodge warrant, 
 
 * As one exception, (and there may be others, but I do not know them,) it 
 may be stated that an Encampment was formed in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1800, 
 which is said to have applied for and received a Charter from London in 1803. 
 But it may be asked, whence did the founders, in 1800, of this body receive 
 their degrees? So, too, might we ask concerning the Knights of Pennsylvania, 
 whose Grand Encampment was formed in 17l»T, and also of the members of the 
 four Encampments which existed in New York anterior to the formation of the 
 Grand Encampment, as well as those of Maryland, Massachusetts and Rhode 
 Island, where bodies of the Order were to be found in 1806. The question is not 
 who organized these Encampments, but who first introduced the degree. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLTNA. 491 
 
 yet no regular and independent Encampment could have existed in 
 Charleston or in South Carolina previous to the year 1801, which is the 
 date of the organization of the Supreme Council. But it is very pro- 
 bable, and indeed scarcely to be doubted, that there was an Encampment 
 in Charleston in 1803. This is deduced from the fact that in 1823 a 
 resolution was adopted by South Carolina Encampment No. 1 in these 
 words: "Resolved, that in consideration of the long and faithful ser- 
 vices of our Most Eminent Past Grand Commander, Francis Silvester 
 Curtis, who regularly paid his arrears to this Encampment for more 
 than twenty years, he be considered a life member of this Encampment, 
 and that his life membership take date from November, 1823." 
 
 Now F. S. Curtis was a leading member of the Ancient and Accept- 
 ed Rite in this State, and as it is likely from his Masonic character that 
 he would have been one of the founders of the Encampment, it is pro- 
 bable that the Encampment was formed in 1803, to which period the 
 liceiiiy years mentioned in the resolution of 1823 would carry us back. 
 
 One thing more is evident. If South Carolina Encampment No. 1 
 was in existence from the year 1803, of which I have already said there 
 is scarcely a doubt, and derived its original authority from the Supreme 
 Council, it continued its existence from that time until 1823, either 
 under the same authority or acted as an independent body. The latter 
 was the case with many other Encampments in America, up to the 
 formation of the Grand Encampment of New York in 1814, or to that 
 of the General Grand Encampment of the United States in 1816. In 
 1814, the Grand Orator of the former body said " the numerous Eu- 
 campments of Knights Templar now existing withiu this State, (New 
 York,) being se'f-crcated bodies, are consequently governed by their 
 own private and individual laws, acknowledging no superior authority, 
 because, in fact, none heretofore existed."* 
 
 Such, I presume, was the case in South Carolina, and the true 
 history of the Encampment in Charleston probably is, that, having 
 been originally constituted as an honorary Order by the Supreme 
 Council in or about 1803, it subsequently prolonged its existence by 
 its owu independent act. 
 
 But the General Grand Encampment was established in 1816, and 
 the Templar Order from that time began to be organized on a more 
 stable, and, I may add, more respectable footing. Accordingly on the 
 
 * Proceedings of Grand Encampment of New York : N Y., Macoy & 
 Sickels, p. 6 
 
492 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 7th of November, 1823, South Carolina Encampment No. 1 received 
 its warrant from the General Grand Encampment of the United States. 
 Templarism was at that time in a very prosperous condition in the 
 State. On the 24th of June, 1824, a charter was granted by the 
 General Grand Encampment to Columbia Encampment No. 2 in the 
 town of Columbia. This body lasted about four years, when it ceased 
 to exist. 
 
 Either a charter was granted in the same year by the General Grand 
 Encampment, or a dispensation by some of the General Grand Officers 
 for the formation of a third Encampment in the State, for I find 
 LaFayette Encampment No. 3 in existence at Georgetown in April, 
 1825, and a delegation from it visited the Marquis LaFayette when he 
 was in Charleston in the course of his triumphal tour through the 
 country. 
 
 There being now the constitutional number of three Subordinate 
 Encampments, or, as they ai*e now called, Commanderies, the necessary 
 steps were taken for the formation of a Grand Encampment, which 
 body was established in the year 1826. In the same year it received 
 an act of incorporation from the Legislature, which was to continue 
 for fourteen years. 
 
 In 1827 it granted a charter to Beaufort Encampment No. 4, in the 
 town of Beaufort. This body lasted only a few years. No other 
 Encampment was ever formed in the State. The Grand Encampment 
 never bore more than four Subordinates on its registry. 
 
 In fact the Grand Encampment itself enjoyed only an ephemeral 
 life. It was represented once and only once in the General Grand 
 Encampment in 1829, and although it is known to have been in 
 existence in 1830, we never hear of its Convocations after that year. 
 
 The Encampments at Columbia, Georgetown and Beaufort had 
 become extinct before that time, and the last meeting of South Caro- 
 lina Encampment, for more than eleven years, was on the 11th of 
 October, 1830. Templarism in the State had for a time been ex- 
 tinguished. 
 
 On the 14th of October, 1841, South Carolina Encampment was 
 revived by seven of its old members, and although by the Constitution 
 of the General Grand Encampment, its charter had been long forfeited 
 by lapse of time and non user, it continued with a singular neglect of 
 Masonic law to work without legal authority ULtil the 17th of May, 
 1843, when a dispensation for its revival was granted by Sir J. K. 
 Stapleton, the Deputy General Grand Master. In 1844, a new war- 
 
TN SOUTH CAROLINA. 493 
 
 rant was granted by the General Grand Encampment, which was 
 ordered, as Sir B. B. French states, " free of charge, in consequence 
 of the loss by fire of a former one." If this was the resolution of the 
 General Grand body, it must be supposed that, in ignorance of the 
 long dormant state of the Encampment, its old charter was not deemed 
 to have been forfeited, and the legality of its transactions from 1841 to 
 1843 was thus recognized. 
 
 South Carolina Encampment has since continued to work, sometimes 
 in a languishing and sometimes in a more active condition, but Tem- 
 plarism has never enjoyed that popularity or prosperity in South Caro- 
 lina that marked its progress from 1823 to near 1830. No attempt 
 has been made since the revival of the Order in 1841 to organize 
 another Commandery, or to revive any of the old ones. The chivalric 
 Order has by no means kept a proportionate pace with the rapid exten- 
 sion of the other branches of the Order in the State. 
 
 The following is a list of the Commanders or presiding officers of 
 South Carolina Commandery from its reorganization in 1841 to the 
 present day : 
 
 1841 Jas. S. Burges. 
 
 1842 Albert Case. 
 
 1844 John H. Honour. 
 
 1845 Jas. S. Burges. 
 
 1848 F. C. Barber. 
 
 1849 C. M. Furman. 
 
 1850 A. G. Mackey. 
 
 1851 H. H. Baker. 
 1853 T. S. Gourdin. 
 18G0 J. B. Eraser. 
 
494 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 CHAPTER LVII. 
 
 THE ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 In none of the American States have the higher degrees been 
 received with more favor than in South Carolina, where the authori- 
 ties of the Scottish Rite and of Symbolic Masonry have always main- 
 tained the most perfect concord and harmony. Indeed, the same 
 individuals have most generally been found to be the leading members 
 of the Grand Lodge and of the Supreme Council, and the jealousy and 
 rivalry which have so often existed in other jurisdictions between the 
 York and Scottish Rites, have been altogether unknown in Carolina. 
 The history of the establishment of the Ancient and Accepted Rite in 
 this State is, therefore, a subject entirely germane to the general his- 
 tory of Masonry in the jurisdiction. 
 
 I shall not enter here upon the vexed questions whether the Consti- 
 tutions of 17G2 and 1786 — instruments under whose authority all 
 Scottish Rite Councils, now existing, have been established — are or are 
 not authentic documents; whether the authority and acts of Stephen 
 Morin were legal or illegal, or whether the rite first established by 
 him was restricted to twenty five degrees or expanded to thirty-three. 
 These, with several others of like import, have engaged the attention 
 of writers on the Ancient and Accepted Rite in France and America, 
 and been productive of very warm if not very profitable discussion. 
 Rut, to the general Masonic reader, they will be either incomprehensi- 
 ble or wholly uninteresting. I shall confine myself to a bare accumu- 
 lation of the facts which are connected with the history of the 
 introduction of this branch of the Order into this State. The 
 polemics of the rite belong, not to an episode in the history of Free- 
 masonry in Carolina, but rather to an independent history of the rite 
 itself. And this history I am not now writing. 
 
 On the 27th of August, 1701, a body calling itself "The Grand 
 Lodge and Sovereign Grand Council of the Sublime Princes of 
 Masonry," but better known in Masonic history as " The Council of 
 Emperors of the East and West," issued, at Paris, the seat of its 
 
IX SOUTH CAROLINA. 495 
 
 power, letters patent* to Stephen Morin, who, as the reference to his 
 petition in the patent states, " was about to sail for America, and was 
 desirous to be able to work regularly tor the advantage and increase of 
 the-royal art in all its perfection." In these letters patent Morin is 
 appointed a " Grand Inspector," and is "authorized and empowered to 
 establish Perfect and Sublime Masonry in every part of the world." 
 lie also was invested, by the same instrument, with " full and entire 
 power to multiply and create Inspectors in all places where the sublime 
 degrees were not established." 
 
 When Stephen Morin arrived in St. Domingo he communicated the 
 degrees of the rite which he practiced to a great number of individuals, 
 and established several Chapters and Councils in the English colonies, 
 which seem, however, to have had only an ephemeral existence. f He 
 also constituted M. M. Haves a Deputy Inspector General for North 
 America, with the power of appointing others when necessary, and 
 Henry A. Francken an Inspector for Jamaica and the British Leeward 
 Islands. 
 
 Hayes subsequently appointed Isaac DaCosta the Inspector for South 
 Carolina. After the death of DaCosta, who lived, however, it will be 
 hereafter seen, to exercise some of his powers, by the constitution of 
 a Lodge of Perfection at Charleston, Joseph Myers was appointed his 
 successor by Hayes, and acted as Inspector of South Carolina until he 
 removed from the country. 
 
 Hayes subsequently communicated the decrees to, and conferred the 
 Inspectorship on, Barend M. Spitzer, at Charleston. 
 
 All of the deputies afterwards met at Philadelphia, and conferred 
 the degrees, with the rank of an Inspector, on Moses Cohen. 
 
 Cohen then communicated the degrees to, and conferred the Inspec- 
 torship on, Ilyman Isaac Long. 
 
 And lastly, on the 25th of June, 1781, Barend M. Spitzer, in a 
 convention of Inspectors holdcn at Philadelphia, conferred the degrees 
 aud the rank of an Inspector on Col. John Mitchell, who subsequently 
 organised the Supreme Council in Charleston, South Carolina. 
 
 A report made by the Supreme Council, iu 1802, states that Hayes 
 
 * The Archives of the Supreme Council at Charleston contain an authentic 
 copy of these letters patent, which is now lying before me. 
 
 + c;nrr\ Hut. PiUoreaq. ./.-■ la FV , p. 470. The (acts here stated 
 
 arc correct, bttl Clarel, in general, is aol to be dep snded on for the truth of any 
 ot bifl statements relative to Masonry iu America. 
 
496 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 was appointed a Deputy Inspector General for North America, with 
 the power of appointing others where necessary. Hayes, in conse- 
 quence of this prerogative, appointed Isaac DaCosta Deputy Inspector 
 General for South Carolina, and thus the rite was introduced into this 
 State. 
 
 In the year 1783 it received "a local habitation and a name," in 
 the organization, by DaCosta, of a Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection 
 in the city of Charleston. This body continued in existence for many 
 years. One of the customs, which then existed in these bodies, was 
 that of delivering discourses on the principles of Masonry on the days 
 of the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. Whether this custom was 
 regularly observed in the Grand Lodge of Perfection in Charleston, I 
 am unable to say. At least, none of these discourses have been handed 
 down to posterity, excepting two orations delivered by Dr. Dalcho on 
 the 23d of September, 1801, and on the 21st of March, 1803, which 
 were published in 1803, and which, notwithstanding several untenable 
 theories in relation to Symbolic Masonry, contain some valuable infor- 
 mation, especially in the notes and appendix in relation to the Ancient 
 and Accepted Rite. 
 
 On the 20th of February, 1788, a Grand Council of Princes of 
 Jerusalem* was opened in Charleston by J. Myers, Inspector for South 
 Carolina, B. M. Spitzer, Inspector for Georgia, and A. Forst, Inspector 
 for Virginia. Soon after the opening of the Council a letter was ad- 
 dressed to the Duke of Orleans requesting certain records from the 
 archives of the society in France, which, in his answer through Col. 
 Shee, his secretary, he promised to transmit, but which the commence- 
 ment of the French Revolution prevented him from doing. 
 
 On the 13th of March, 1796, Hyman Isaac Long, who has already 
 been mentioned as a Deputy Inspector General, constituted in the 
 hall of the Lodge La Candeur No. 12, at Charleston, a Grand Consis- 
 tory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret. 
 
 On the 13th of June, 1796, the Lodge room of the Sublime Grand 
 Lodge of Perfection and its records, jewels and furniture, were 
 destroyed by fire, which, added to other causes, occasioned a suspension 
 of the meetings, except some occasional ones for special purposes, but 
 in 1801, the Lodge was again organized, a new warrant issued by the 
 
 * The By-Laws of this body, which were ratified on the 12th of May, 1788, 
 prescribed as a fee for the degree of Knight of the East, two guineas, and for 
 that of Prince of Jerusalem, four guineas. Archives of Sup. Conn. Book H. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 497 
 
 Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem, and the officers duly and law- 
 fully elected.* Dr. Frederick Dalcho, who had been made an Inspec- 
 tor General in that year, by Col. John Mitchell, was chosen as the 
 Grand Orator. The fruit of this election was those orations to which 
 I have already alluded, delivered in 1801 and in 1803. 
 
 The rite being well established in the State, on the 31st of May, 
 1801, a Supreme Council of the thirty-Uiird degree was opened with 
 the high honors of Masonry, in the city of Charleston, by John Mit- 
 chell and Frederick Dalcho, upon whom the former had conferred the 
 degrees seven days before, f and in the course of the year, and the fol. 
 lowing one, the whole number of Grand Inspectors General was com- 
 pleted by the admission of other members. A register of the Supreme 
 Couucil, published in 1802, designates the following as the officers and 
 members at that time. They may, in fact, be considered as the found- 
 ers of that Supreme Council which is now become the mother of all 
 the Councils of the world : 
 
 John Mitchell, Sov. Grand Commander. 
 Fred. Dalcho, Lieut. Grand Commander. 
 Emanuel DeLaMotta, Treasurer General, H.-. E.-. 
 Abraham Alexander, Secretary General, H.-. E.\ 
 T. B. Bowen, Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 Israel Delieben, Inspector General. 
 Isaac Auld, Inspector General. 
 Moses C. Levy, Inspector General. 
 James Moultrie, Inspector General. 
 
 On the 21st of January, 1802, the Grand Council of Princes of 
 Jerusalem issued a warrant for the establishment of a Mark Master's, 
 or, as it was then called, a " Master Mark Mason's," Lodge in the city 
 of Charleston, under the designation of " American Eagle Mark 
 Lodge No. 1." 
 
 * The warrant bears the date of 5th July, 1801. Archives of the Sup. Coun- 
 eii tit Charleston* Book II. 
 
 f Mitchell's patent bears date 2d April, 1795, and Dalcho's 24th May, 1801. 
 The archives of the Supreme Council show that Barend M. Spitzer appointed Mit- 
 chell a Deputy Inspector General for the State, and that Spitzer exercised this 
 prerogative of appointment legally, in consequence of the removal of Myers from 
 the country. Mitchell was, however, restricted from acting in any official capacity 
 during Spitzer' s life. But when Spitzer died, which event took place in 1797, 
 Mitchell assumed all the prerogatives of an Inspector General for South Carolina, 
 and organized the Supreme Council. 
 
498 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 For some reason, which I have been unable to discover, this warrant 
 was returned, and a new one issued by the Grand Council of Princes 
 of Jerusalem on the 27th of February, 1803. As this pn 
 the warrant which is the evidence of it, are interesting in an histo 
 point of view, as showing how the Mark degree was controlled, and 
 under whose authority it was placed before its direction was assui 
 by Grand Chapters, I do not hesitate to present the reader with an 
 exact copy of the second warrant, taken from the original, which is in 
 my possession. The document is as follows : 
 
 * By the Glory of the Grand Architect of the Universe. 
 LUX E TENEBRTS. 
 
 From the East of the Grand of the Most Sublime Council of 
 Princes of Jerusalem, under the Celestial Canopy of the Zenith v, 
 answers to the 32° 45' North Latitude. 
 
 Whereas, on the twenty-first day of January, 5800, and of the 
 Christian Era 1802, a Warrant was granted by the Grand Council 
 Princes of Jerusalem, to sundry brethren, Master Mark Mi 
 the purpose of establishing a Lodge of Mark Masonry, in this cit 
 be known and distinguished by the name of the Am;, 
 Mark Lodge No. 1, said Warrant having been returned to the G 
 Council and deposited among the Archives, and an applies tion i 
 for a new warrant to bear the same name and number; and, whe 
 the Grand Council, from the convictiou that the establishment of a 
 Lodge of Mark Masonry would facilitate and ; 
 the Royal Art in the sublime degrees : 
 
 Do deem it expedient to grant this, our warrant, authorizing and 
 empowering our beloved and Worshipful Brother, Emanuel I ta ; 
 
 Grand Overseer or Master, our beloved and Worshipful Brother, 
 Frederick Dalcho, as Senior Warden, and our beloved and W 
 Brother, Solomon Harby, as Junior Warden, to congregate a 
 a Lodge of Mark Masonry, who, as well as their successors in oi 
 shall diligently and faithfully discharge and execute the untie-. 
 functions appertaining to such Lodge, (which duties and fund; 
 be considered as comprising the passing the Symbolic Chair previous to 
 
 * The use of "per" for "ad," by the glory instead of to the 
 Grand Architect, is a common and unaccountable blunder in mac 
 scriptions to documents of the Rite. I have, however, given tii ough 
 
 absurd translation. 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 499 
 
 their initiation in the mysteries of said Lodge,) agreeably to ancient 
 form and usages, as heretofore established in such Lodges. And, also, 
 to frame By-Laws for their local government. Provided, neverthe- 
 less, that such forms, usages and By-Laws, are not repugnant to the 
 constitutional laws of this Grand Council. In witness whereof, we, 
 the undersigned officers of the Grand Council of Princes of Jerusa- 
 lem, in open Council, at Charleston, South Carolina, have hereunto set 
 our hands and affixed the Grand Seals of the lllustiious Order, in the 
 place where the greatest treasures are deposited, the beholding of which 
 fills us with joy, comfort and acknowledgment of all that is great and 
 god. Near the 15. B. and under the CC. this fifth day of the month 
 called Shebat, 5563, which answers to the twenty-seventh day of 
 February, Anno Lucis 5807, of Mark Masonry 2815, and of the 
 Christian Era 1803. 
 
 John Mitchell, 
 Pres. and Most Enlightened. 
 
 Fred'k. Dalciio, 
 Senior Moat Enlightened. 
 
 Isaac Auld, 
 
 Junior Most Enlightened. 
 Joseph Bee, Secretary. 
 
 Three historical facts of importance may be deduced from this docu- 
 ment, the investigation of which is highly relevant to a history of 
 Masonry in South Carolina. 
 
 First, we see that in 1802 Mark Lodges were established in South 
 Carolina by the Princes of Jerusalem under the Scotch rite. The first 
 Chapter established in that State was at Beaufort, iu 1805, and from 
 that period the Mark degree seems to have been placed exclusively 
 under the Royal Arch Jurisdiction. 
 
 Secondly, from the same document we learn that the presiding officer 
 of a Mark Lodge was called the "Grand Overseer," aud not as now, 
 "Light Worshipful Master." There is an allusion to this title in the 
 charge of the degree, first published by Webb, and adopted in all suc- 
 ceeding Monitors, in which the candidate is directed so to act that 
 his conduct "may stand the test of the Grand Overseer's square." 
 
 Thirdly, we learn from this document that at that time, (in the 
 
 Scotch rite, at least,) none but Past Masters could receive the Mark 
 
 e, and hence the Lodge wis authorized, as a preparatory step, to 
 
 pai iis candidates through the Chair. I am unable to say whether 
 
 this was or was not always and everywhere the case, but somo light is 
 
500 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 thrown upon the subject by the fact that the Chisel and Mallet, the 
 -working tools of the Mark Master, were originally considered as belong- 
 ing, with their symbolic explanation, to the Past Master's degree, and 
 are so set down in Hutchinson's "Spirit of Masonry," published in 
 1760, and in "Preston's Illustrations," published in 1788. Webb was 
 the first writer who appropriated them to the Mark degree. 
 
 On the 21st of February, 1802, the Supreme Council issued a 
 patent to Count De Grasse, empowering him to constitute Masonic 
 bodies of the rite "over the face of the two hemispheres." In conse- 
 quence of this grant of powers, De Grasse established Supreme Councils 
 in various parts of the world, and, among other places, in the French 
 West Indies, ia Spain, in Italy, and in France. But the record of 
 the proceedings of these bodies, and of the dissensions to which the 
 establishment of some of them gave rise, belong rather to the history 
 of the Ancient and Accepted Kite than to that of Freemasonry in 
 South Carolina. I pass them, therefore, with no further notice. 
 
 A French jeweler, named Joseph Cerneau, who, Ragon says, had 
 been initiated into the mysteries of the Rite of Perfection at Saint 
 Domingj, being driven from that island by the insurrection of the 
 blacks, repaired to New York, where, in 1806, he established, on his 
 own authority, a spurious and illegal Supreme Council of the thirty- 
 third degree, of which the same writer says, in a sarcastic vein, that 
 he constituted himself the Commander, the Secretary, and, more espe- 
 cially, the Treasurer.* He made a great number of receptions, and 
 entrapped, by his plausibility and their own credulity, some distin- 
 guished men of that city and State — among others, the celebrated De 
 Witt Clinton, the Grand Master of the Symbolic Order. Cerneau sold 
 diplomas, aprons, collars and jewels to the persons whom he initiated, 
 and between the fees which he received for initiation and the prices 
 that he charged for his paraphernalia, was enabled to turn a very hand- 
 some penny by his charlatanism. 
 
 Emanuel DeLaMotta, a member of the Supreme Council at Charles- 
 ton, having visited the North in the year 1813, for the restoration of 
 his health, became acquainted with these illegal proceedings, and the 
 consequence was a denunciation of the spurious body and the expulsion 
 of Cerneau by the Supreme Council at Charleston. The Council 
 characterizes him, in its proclamation, or, as it is technically called, 
 h<du&tre, as "an impostor of the first magnitude." 
 
 * Orfhodo.rie Maronniqite, p. 329. 
 
EN SOUTH CAROLINA. .,,,) 
 
 On the 1st of May, 1813, Emanuel DeLaMotta, the authorized 
 deputy and agent of the Supreme Couucil at Charleston, conferred the 
 thirty-third degree on J. J. J. Gourgas and Sampson Simsou, in the 
 city of New York, and on the 5th of August, of the same year, having 
 conferred all the degrees on four other brethren, he organized and 
 established in that city a Supreme Council of the thirty-third degree,* 
 since which time the body at Charleston has assumed the title of the 
 Supreme Council for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States, 
 and the body at New York (since removed to Boston) that of the Su- 
 preme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction. 
 
 Notwithstanding the denunciations of DeLaMotta and the expul- 
 sion of Cerneau, the spurious body over which he presided continued 
 their existence, and even determined, it seems, by intruding with their 
 clandestine degrees into South Carolina, to carry, as it were, the war 
 into Africa. 
 
 Accordingly, in the year 1815, Messrs. Javain and Desportes, of 
 Charleston, who, during a visit to New York, had received the neces- 
 sary powers from the Cerneau Council, established in the city of 
 Charleston a Grand Consistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret. 
 This body, notwithstanding its illegal character, being derived, as it 
 was, from a clandestine Council, was enabled, by the energy of its 
 founders, to secure the cooperation of some of the most respectable 
 Masons of Charleston, among whom were two Grand Masters. It organ- 
 ized inferior bodies, and was a source of some annoyance to the regular 
 Council for many years. Bickerings and dissensions began to arise in 
 the Masonic Fraternity in Charleston, which were carried to such 
 a length as finally to call for the interposition of the Grand Lodge. 
 A pamphlet was published, in 1825, by Joseph- McCosh, the Secretary 
 General of the legal Council, in which a history of the foundation of 
 the Cerneau body was given, under the title of "Documents upon 
 Sublime Freemasonry in the United States of America." A copy of 
 this brochure is now lying before me, with the manuscript remarks of 
 T. W. Bacot, who was a member of the Cerneau Consistory, and at 
 that time the Grand Master of the State. Both the text and the com- 
 
 *Thc Charter of the Northern Supreme Council is dated 7th of January, 1815. 
 See Arc kun "J Southern Council, which contain a copy. But Bro. Gourgas, 
 whose authority is undoubted, iu a letter directed to Moses Ilolbrook, under date 
 of 28th February, 1832, which is preserved in the Archives of the Supreme Coun- 
 ■ il. -int.-; the true date of organization a-' T have recorded it in the text. 
 
502 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 
 
 merits afford too abundant evidence of the unmasonic bitterness with 
 which the contest was conducted. The subject of this pamphlet was 
 brought into the Grand Lodge on the complaint of T. W. Bacot and 
 J. S. Cogdell, the one the Grand Master and the other a Past Grand 
 Master, who charged the authors of the work with official disrespect. 
 The matter was referred to a committee and underwent an investiga- 
 tion, but mutual explanations having been made, peace and harmony 
 were at length restored. Dr. Daleho, however, retired from the Grand 
 Commandership of the Supreme Council, and was succeeded by Dr. 
 Isaac Auld. 
 
 The Cerneau Consistory soou afterwards began to languish; the 
 regular Supreme Council received an accession of several zealous and 
 energetic members, who received their degrees from Dr. Isaac Auld; 
 and about 1842, the final blow was given to the Consistory of Cer- 
 neau in Charleston, by the adhesion of its few remaining members to 
 the regular Council, which body, in a spirit of harmony, did not hesi- 
 tate to heal them on their application. 
 
 In the year 1839, an illegal Supreme Council was founded in the 
 city of New Orleans. This is not the place to enquire into the history 
 of the foundation of that spurious body; it is sufficient to say that its 
 legality was never admitted by the Supreme Council at Charleston, 
 which was the only body whose recognition could have made it regular. 
 In 1848 James Foulhouze was elected the Grand Commander of this 
 illegal organization. Foulhouze was possessed of some talent and 
 learning, an ex-priest of the Roman Church, but a man of uncompro- 
 mising bitterness of spirit, a spirit alike irreconcilable with his Chris- 
 tian and Masonic obligations, and an untiring fomenter of mischief and 
 dissension. Through his evil machinations the harmony of the 
 Masonic Order in New Orleans was, for many years, seriously impaired. 
 The Ancient and Accepted Rite was represented in the State by his 
 party, and his disciples were beginning to exercise an undue and mis- 
 chievous influence in the Grand Lodge of York Masons. In this con- 
 dition of things, it became evident to several of the leading York 
 Masons, among whom were John Gedge, the Grand Master, Henry R. 
 W. Hill, a Past Grand Master, Edward Barnett, Grand Secretary, and 
 other leading members of the Order, that the only way to fight the 
 irregulars with any chance of equality, or to hope for a restoration of 
 peace in the jurisdiction, would be to establish the Ancient and 
 Accepted Rite on a legal footing in the State, and to place the control 
 of it in the hands of men who, while maintaining its privileges in 
 
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 593 
 
 r, would not desecrate its purposes to an unlawful inter- 
 
 : tives of the York Kite and the Grand Lodge. 
 
 tion was made by these brethren, to the Supremo 
 
 ton, for a warrant to open a Grand Consistory of 
 
 Princes of the Royal Secret, and a request was made that 
 
 ipreme Council should visit New Orleans with 
 
 i iblish such a body in that city. 
 
 ter due enquiry, complied with this petition, 
 
 Dr. Albert G. Mackey, the Secretary General of the Supreme 
 
 commissioned as its agent, with plenary powers, 
 
 to the city of Now Orleans, and there established, in the 
 
 32, under the most favorable auspices, a Grand Consistory for 
 
 f the founders of this body were fully realized. 
 
 s of the Scottish Rite were now enabled to take a 
 
 on, which finally resulted in the dissolution of the Foul- 
 
 uncil, most of the members of which, after the enforced 
 
 f their chief, surrendered their claims to power and exist- 
 
 gal body, and, on the lGtli of February, 1855, took from 
 
 A. Gr. Mackey, and in the presence of Gen. J. 
 
 if the Charleston Couucil, the necessary oaths 
 
 : : . 1> : iv. They were then properly healed and admit- 
 
 ubership in the Supreme Council, and a body of nine 
 
 iirited from the number, by the Supreme Council, to 
 
 in Louisiana. Since that period the Ancient and 
 
 imed and preserved a healthy condition in that 
 
 ■, with a few of his adherents, have endeavored, from 
 
 ;o time, to renew their spurious body, but their efforts have met 
 
 d the allegiance of the Louisiana Masons to the 
 
 the rite, as represented by the Charleston Council, 
 
 dthfully preserved. 
 
 . in 1801, to the year 1859, the Supreme 
 
 ncil ; sisted only of nine active members, according 
 
 f the Constitution of 1786. But, in 1859, the 
 
 louncil exteuded its membership to the mystical number of 
 
 id, under the Grand Commandership of Bro. Albert Pike, 
 
 energy and renewed prosperity. It now exercises a 
 
 urinal, but active and fruitful, in the States of Mary- 
 
 orth aud South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, 
 
 1, Tennessee, Kentucky, Texas, Arkansas, Mis- 
 
504 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 souri, Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, California, Oregon, and the District of 
 Columbia, in nearly all of which places it has one or more Inspectors 
 General. South Carolina, as the metropolitan centre of the rite, is 
 allowed to have five. 
 
 The following is a list of its present oflieers, all of whom are elected 
 for life : 
 
 Albert Pike, of Arkansas, Grand Commander ; 
 
 James Penn, of Tennessee, Lieut. Grand Commander ; 
 
 Albert G-. Mackey, of South Carolina, Secretary General; 
 
 A. LePrince, of South Carolina, Treasurer General ; 
 
 Charles Scott, of Tennessee, Grand Minister of State; 
 
 C. Samory, of Louisiana, Grand Hospitaller ; 
 
 W. S. Rockwell, of Georgia, Grand Marshal; 
 
 Fred. Webber, of Kentucky, Grand Standard Bearer ; 
 
 A. T. C. Pierson, of Minnesota, Grand Captain of Guards; 
 
 C. Laffon de Ladebat, of Louisiana, Grand Master of Ceremonies; 
 
 G. A. Schwartzmann, of District of Columbia, Grand Tiler. 
 
 The following bodies, working in the Ancient and Accepted Rite, 
 are now in existence in this State : 
 
 The Supreme Council of the Thirty-third, situated at Charleston. 
 
 A Council of Knights of Kadosh, at Columbia. 
 
 A Chapter of Princes of Rose Croix, at Charleston. 
 
 A Lodge of Perfection, at Columbia, and another at Pendleton. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 BRIEF SKETCHES 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SUBORDINATE LODGES, 
 
 WHICH WERE IN EXISTENCE IN THE YEAR 1817; 
 
 OR, 
 
 WHICH HAVE RECEIVED WARRANTS FROM THE 
 
 GRAND LODGE OF ANCIENT FREEMASONS 
 SOUTH CAROLINA, 
 
NOTE, 
 
 In the ensuing sketches, so much reference is necessarily made to 
 the different Grand Lodges which, from time to time, existed in the 
 State, that it may be of some service to the reader to remind him, by 
 way of recapitulation, that, from 1737 to 1777, there was a Provincial 
 Grand Lodge iu the State, designated as such in these sketches. In 
 1787 this body became independent* and called itself the Grand Lodge 
 of Free and Accepted Masons, which is thus abbreviated, "Grand 
 Lodge of F. and A. M." In 1787 the Grand Lodge of Ancient York 
 Masons was formed, which is here designated as the " Grand Lodge of 
 A. Y. M." In 1808 the two Grand Lodges united and formed the 
 Grand Lodge of South Carolina, designated here as the " Grand Lodge 
 of S. C." In 1809 the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons was 
 revived, and is then designated as the "revived Grand Lodge of A. 
 Y. M." In 1817 the final union took place between the G. L. of S. 
 C. and the revived G. L. of A. Y. M., and the present Grand Lodge 
 of Ancient Freemasons was established, which I designate as the 
 " Grand Lodge of A. F. M." 
 
SKETCHES OF SUBORDINATE LODGES. 
 
 Solomon's Lodge No. 1, Charleston. This is the first Lodge that 
 was ever established in the jurisdiction. It received its warrant from 
 Lord Weymouth, the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of England* 
 in 1735. It bore the No. 45 on the registry of England, but that of 
 No. 1 on the provincial registry. The Lodge was opened at Charles- 
 ton and the first meeting held on Thursday evening, the 28th of 
 October, 1736, under the following officers : John Hammerton, W. M., 
 Thomas Denne, S- W., and Thomas Harbin, J. W. The early history 
 of this Lodge is so intimately connected with that of Freemasonry in 
 the State that its details will be found in the preceding pages of the 
 piesent work. From its organization, in 1736, it continued uninter- 
 ruptedly to work until 1811, when it suspended labor, at which time 
 George Flagg, the only remaining member, placed iu the hands of 
 the Grand Treasurer ninety-six dollars of funds, to be kept in trust by 
 the Grand Lodge until the resuscitation of the Lodge. In 1817 it was 
 revived, but agnin became dormaut in 1838. It was finally revived by 
 a new warrant, granted June 25, 1841, to Albert Case, W. M., Albert 
 G. Mackey, o. W., and Benj. Rodrigues, J. W. The Lodge has since 
 been in active aud successful operation. 
 
 Franklin Lodge No. 2, Charleston. Marine Lodge No. 7 was 
 constituted by the Provincial Grand Lodge of South Carolina on the 
 22d of December, 1766. Its number was subsequently changed to 2, 
 and, in 1823, it took the title of Franklin Lodge No. 2. In 1839, by 
 permission of the Grand Lodge, it was amalgamated with Union Kil- 
 winning Lodge No. 4, and its property was placed in possession of the 
 latter body. The vacant number has never been filled on the registry 
 of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Clinton Lodge No. 3, Abbeville 0. B., Abbeville District. The 
 first record that I find of a Lodge in Abbeville District, is in the year 
 1807, when Cambridge Lodge Xo. 40, at or near Ninety-Six, is men- 
 tioned on the registry of the Grand Lodge of A. Y. M. In 1808 its 
 
508 APPENDIX. 
 
 number was changed to 58, which it bore until the union in 1817, 
 when it was registered as 33. It became extinct in 1823. In the 
 registry of the Grand Lodge of A. Y. M., for 1817, I find two other 
 Lodges mentioned, No. 62 or Union Lodge, in Abbeville District, but 
 the exact locality is not given, and Lodge No. 67, at Abbeville C. H. 
 Union Lodge No. 62 took a new warrant in 1821, and became No. 
 34 on the registry of the Grand Lodge of A. F. M. It made no return 
 after 1822, and in 1825 it was suspended. Lodge No. $7 is not 
 recorded as having taken out a new warrant at the time of the union, 
 and I find nothing more of a Lodge at Abbeville C. H. until August 
 10, 1827, when a warrant was granted to Moses Taggart, IP. M., A. 
 C. Hamilton, S. W., and L. Bryan, J. W., to open a Lodge at the 
 village of Abbeville, to be known as "No. 56." This Lodge became 
 extinct in 1832, in which year the Grand Lodge ordered its property 
 to be sold and its debts to be paid out of the proceeds. On the 26th 
 of March, 1830, a warrant was granted to Samuel Gough, W. M., 
 Matthew Burt, S. W., and James Moore, J. W., to open a Lodge at 
 Gedar Spring, to be known as " Cedar Spring Lodge No. 59." In 
 December, 1832, this Lodge received permission " to remove to Abbe- 
 ville Court House or within ten miles of the same." This Lodge, 
 some time after, became extinct, and, on the 19th of June, 1840, a 
 warrant of constitution was granted for a Lodge in Abbeville District, 
 to be called Clinton Lodge. Its number was not mentioned at the 
 time, but it subsequently received the number 3, which, in the very 
 year of its organization, was surrendered by Solomon's Lodge No. 3, 
 at Liberty Hill. The number, I imagine, must have been transferred 
 by the Grand Secretary from the one Lodge to the other, to avoid the 
 unnecessary increase of vacant numbers. Clinton Lodge originally 
 met at Cedar Springs.* " At the residence of Bros. John Ruff and 
 G. J. Cannon, its communications were successively held, and with 
 some regularity, until the year 1845, when.it was brought back to 
 Abbeville C. H." So says the report of the Committee. The records 
 of the Grand Lodge show that January 19, 1846, " the Grand Secre- 
 tary presented an application from Lodge No. 3, requesting permission 
 
 * In 1856 a very excellent report of a committee on the History of Clinton 
 Lodge, was published by the Lodge. It has been of great service to me. Simi- 
 lar sketches have been appended to the By-Laws of Union Kilwinning Lodge No. 
 4, and Orange Lodge No. 14. The aid that these documents have given me has 
 been such as to make me wish that other Lodges had followed their excellent 
 example. 
 
APPENDIX. 509 
 
 to remove from Frazerville to Abbeville C. H., which request was 
 granted, and the Master directed to make the necessary notice on the 
 face of the warrant of constitution. From that time the Lodge has 
 continued to hold its meetings at the village, where it now has a finely 
 furnished hall. The name was given to the Lodge in honor of DeWitt 
 Clinton, the distinguished statesman and illustrious Mason. 
 
 In December, 1821, a warrant was issued to Alex. B. Arnold, W. 
 M., and others, to open a Lodge to be known as No. 19, at Churchill, 
 in Abbeville District, and the jewels and furniture of Lodge No. 10, 
 formerly of Columbia, were sold to Churchill Lodge by the Grand 
 Lodge. Previous to 1832 the Lodge appears to have been suspended, 
 for, in that year, it made a return and asked permission " to go to 
 work." But from that date it is no longer mentioned on the register, 
 and must, I think, have fallen through. 
 
 There was also a Lodge, long ago, at Scuffletown, in Abbeville Dis- 
 trict, which, says the report, " was first organized in Laurens District, 
 at Hickory Tavern, in 1790, and, after the loss of its archives and 
 jewels by fire, removed to Abbeville District about 1805 or 1806." 
 Of this Lodge Brother W. P. Martin, an old member, says that " it 
 flourished at Scuffletown for some thirty-five years before he became 
 acquainted with it, and a great many of the first men of Abbeville, 
 Laurens, Greenville and Pendleton, were initiated in it." I can find 
 no reference to the Lodge of Scuffletown in any of the Grand Lodge 
 proceedings until September 25, 1832, when the committee on extinct 
 Lodges reported that they had received letters from Brother F. Branch 
 relating to several extinct Lodges in Abbeville District, and enclosing 
 three due bills given to the old Lodge No. 38, "which never came 
 under the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge, but became extinct in 
 1821." It was then resolved "that Brother Moses Taggart be 
 requested to forward the warrant of Lodge No. 38, together with the 
 minute book, jewels and other property belonging thereto, and that he 
 be empowered to dispose of the old furniture, bible, sword, &c., and, 
 further, that he be requested to communicate all information in his 
 power respecting the Lodge at Scuffletown." 
 
 From the phraseology of this sentence I am led to believe that the 
 old York Lodge No. 38, was the Scuffletown Lodge. 
 
 Union Kilwinning Lodge No. 4, Charleston. The warrant for 
 this Lodge was granted May 3, 1755, by the Provincial Grand Lodge 
 
510 APPENDIX. 
 
 of South Carolina, to the following persons : Samuel Bowman, D. 
 Campbell, John Cooper, Robert Wells, William Michie, John Bassnett 
 and John Stewart. It received the designation of " Union Lodge No. 
 4." There is a singular circumstance connected with the early history 
 of this Lodge, which can alone explain its change of name from 
 "Union" to "Union Kilwinning." A reference to its list of mem- 
 bers will show that there was, in the commencement of its career, a 
 great number of Scotch names on its roll, such as Michffi, Gordon, 
 Rowand, Macauly, Baillie, &c. In 1759 the Lodge made a donation 
 to the charity fund of the Grand Lod<z;e of Scotland, which is thus 
 noticed in the records of that body for the year 1759 : 
 
 "Several brethren, who were Scots Masons, having erected a Lodge 
 at Charlestown, in South Carolina, transmitted five guineas to the 
 Grand Lodge of Scotland, for the use of their poor. Grateful for this 
 unexpected instance of benevolence, the Grand Lodge ordered a charter 
 to be instantly made out and transmitted to them by the first oppor- 
 tunity."* 
 
 There was certainly much irregularity in this act of the Grand Lodge 
 of Scotland. It is not stated that Lodge No. 4 petitioned for a war- 
 rant ; it, did not need one, having been already constituted by the Pro- 
 vincial Grand Lodge of South Carolina; nor do I suppose that it 
 accepted the one voluutarily offered by the Grand Lodge of Scotland. 
 It was, however, at once entered on the registry of that body, aud 
 appears even as late as 1793, among the Subordinates of the Grand 
 Lodge of Scotland, as "Union Kilwinning Lodge No. 98, of Charles- 
 town, South Caroliua." 
 
 But the Lodge undoubtedly adopted the additional name of Kilwin- 
 ning as a compliment to the Grand Lodge of Scotland, in reference to 
 the fact, that the Abbey of Kilwinning was the cradle of Scottish 
 Masonry, as York was of English, and, consequently, many Lodges in 
 Scotland bear the title of "Kilwinning" appended to their distinctive 
 name, as "Glasgow Kilwinning," and others. 
 
 Lodge No. 4 did no work, and, most probably, did not meet from 
 1772 to 1782 inclusive, except in the year 1778, when it received four 
 members. In 1801 it again became dormant, but was revived Decem- 
 ber 4, 1812, by seven of its original members, and has ever since been 
 
 * Lawrie's account of the G. L. of Scotland in his History of Freemasonry, 
 page 190. 
 
APPENDIX. 51 X 
 
 in active existence. In 1830, by permission of the Grand Lodge, 
 Franklin Lodge No. 2 was united with it. Lodge No. 4 is now the 
 wealthiest Lodge in the State. 
 
 Washington Lodge No. 5, Charleston. At the union in 1817 
 there was a Lodge in Charleston, on the registry of the Grand Lodge 
 of South Carolina, whose number was 5, but whose name I can no 
 where find. r In 1825 it united with Orange Lodge No. 14. In the 
 same year Washington Lodge No. 7, and Union Lodge No. 8, both of 
 Charleston, and both Lodges which, at the time of the union, were 
 attached to the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, were, on their own 
 petition, amalgamated into one Lodge, to be known as " Washington 
 Lodge No. 5," which name and number have been ever since retained 
 by that Lodge. 
 
 Union Lodge No. 6, Charleston. This Lodge, which was a con- 
 stituent of the Graud Lodge of South Carolina, at the union, was by 
 petition, in 1825, incorporated with St. Andrew's Lodge No. 10, of 
 Charleston. The number has since continued vacant on the registry. 
 
 Washington Lodge No. 7, Charleston. This Lodge was, in 1825, 
 incorporated with Union Lodge No. 8, to form the present Washington 
 Lodge No. 5. The No. 7 has not since been filled up. 
 
 Union Lodge No. 8, Charleston. This Lodge was under the juris- 
 diction of the G. L. of S. C, at the time of the union in 1817. In 
 1825 it was incorporated with Washington Lodge No. 7, and formed 
 the present Washington Lodge No. 5. No. 8 has not since been 
 filled up. 
 
 Friendship Lodge No. 9, Charleston. Friendship Lodge is a very 
 old Lodge, and was originally chartered by the Grand Lodge of 
 Ancient York Masons sometime anterior to the present century, but 
 the precise date cannot be ascertained, since, as I am informed by 
 Brother S. Valentine, the present Secretary, "many of the archives 
 of the Lodge were lost in the fire of 1838." The Lodge was certainly 
 in existence in 1800, as I have in my possession a copy of an address 
 delivered before it on the 22d of February, of that year, by Seth 
 Paine, on the death of General Washington. (See p. 84 of this 
 History.) At the union in 1809, Emanuel DeLaMotta, who was then 
 Master of the Lodge, with the Senior Warden and some of the mem- 
 
512 APPENDIX. 
 
 bers, joined the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons contrary 
 to the wishes of the Junior Warden and other members. The latter 
 party protested to the newly revived Grand Lodge of York Masons, and 
 received a dispensation to continue work. DeLaMotta, however, 
 refused to deliver up the books, jewels and furniture of the Lodge, 
 conceiving, as he said, that he was still Master, and holding his alle- 
 giance to the Grand Lodge of S. C. 
 
 This dissension caused the dissolution or suspension of this Lodge, 
 and, in the final union of the two Grand Lodges, in 1817, it was not 
 represented in either body. Its number was reported to be extinct by 
 the Grand Inspector in the York Grand Lodge, and the number had 
 been appropriated to Union Lodge of Charleston in the G. L. of S. C. 
 But, in the latter part of 1818, it resumed work under a dispensation, 
 and on the Grand Lodge having, in March, 1819, granted a revival of 
 its warrant, the revived Lodge was constituted by Thomas W. Bacot, 
 G. M., in person, on the 13th of May, 1819, with the following officers : 
 Barnard Cohen, IF. 31., Samuel Hyams, S. W., and Jos. Josephs, J. 
 W. The Lodge surrendered its warrant in 1833. On the 27th of 
 December, 1842, it was revived, and a new warrant was issued to Jacob 
 DeLaMotta, W. 31., JSath. Levin, S. W., and Levin L. Levy, J. W. 
 The Lodge is still in existence, and in a highly prosperous condition. 
 
 St. Andrew's Lodge No. 10, Charleston. From a MS. in the 
 archives of this Lodge, for an account of which I am indebted to 
 Brother W. E. D. Jeuson, it appears that it received its warrant from 
 the G. L. of Pennsylvania, at some period previous to 1787, as " Lodge 
 No 47." It was one of the four Ancient York Lodges in Charleston 
 that united in that year in the formation of the Grand Lodge of 
 Ancient York Masons of South Carolina, and March 24, 1787 it 
 received a new warrant from that body as " Lodge No. 4." In 1808 
 it concurred in the union of the two Grand Lodges and the formation 
 of the Grand Lodge of S. C, at which time its officers were Francis 
 Curtis, W. 31., Jos. Cole, S. W., and Charles Cleapor, J. W. At the 
 change of registry, consequent upon the union, its number was altered 
 from 4 to 12, and, at a meeting of the G. L. of S. C, on December 
 27, 1814, "St. Andrew's Lodge No. 12" is recorded as being present, 
 by the following officers : Peter Fitzpatrick, S. IF., Patrick McGann, 
 ./. W., and Jervis II. Stevens, P. M. Having, notwithstanding the 
 revival of the G. L. of A. Y. M., in 1809, continued, like all the other 
 city Lodges except No. 31, to adhere to the G. L. of S. C, it took a 
 
APPENDIX. 513. 
 
 part in the formation of the permanent union in 1817, at which time 
 its officers were Alex. Henry, W. M., Samuel McGinlay, S. W., and 
 Jeremiah Wilcox, J. IT'. After the union its number was again 
 changed, and December 26, 1818, "St. Andrew's Lodge No. 10" re- 
 ceived B new warrant issued to Samuel McGinlay, W. M., Jeremiah 
 Wilcox, S. W., and Patrick McGann, J. W. In 1825 Union Lodge 
 No. united with St. Andrew's Lodge No. 10, which union was 
 approved of by the Grand Lodge on the iOth of December in that year. 
 From that time Lodge No. 10 has been in active existence, and is now 
 in a prosperous condition. 
 
 Winnsboro Lodge No. 11, Winnsboro, Fairfield District. There 
 was a Lodge at Winnsboro, styled "Lodge No. 6," which, says Brother 
 James H. Ilion, late Master of No. 11, to whom I am indebted for 
 information promptly given, " was in operation certainly as early as 
 1788." Brother llion has furnished me with the Minute Book of 
 Lodsre No. 6, from 1795 to 1810. The Lodge was an Ancient York 
 Lodge, and took a firm part in resisting the union in 1>08. In reply 
 to a communication from Lodge No. 31, requesting the Lodge to adopt 
 every constitutional mode to oppose that union, it gave the members of 
 Lodge No. 31 " every assurance that the Lodge would cheerfully agree 
 with them in supporting the ancient landmarks of ur ('raft, and, to 
 the extent of its power, would prevent any junction with Modern 
 Masons." The Lodge became extinct soon after 1810, but I have not 
 obtained the exact date. In 1817 it was reported on the registry of 
 the Grand Lodge of York Masons as having been "for some time 
 extinct." In 1822, as well as I can judge from the imperfect reports 
 of the Grand Secretary of that day, a Lodge was established at Winns- 
 boro under the name of " Little Hiver Lodge No. 11." On the 5th 
 of December, 1823, it was permitted to change its name from " Little 
 River" to "Winnsboro." This Lodge was suspended for non-pay. 
 nieut of its dues in 1828. The Lodge was revived in 1841, but did 
 not long flourish, as it again became extinct in 1843. On the Gth of 
 June, 18 4, the present warrant of Winnsboro Lodge No. 11 was 
 granted to Hugh Miller, W. M., Tho. Jordan, S. \V., and A. D. Hil- 
 liard, J. W. 
 
 Humility Lodge Xo. 12, Branchiille, Barniccll District. The 
 warrant for this Lodge was granted on the 21st of July, 1837, and 
 surrendered in 1857. The Lodge is now extinct, aud the number has 
 33 
 
514 APPENDIX. 
 
 not been filled up. Lodge No. 12 was originally started at Orange- 
 burg C. H., and was suspended. See Orangeburg Lodge No. 28. 
 
 St. John's Lodge No. 13, Charleston. This Lodge, now 
 since extinct, once played an important part in the history of Masonry 
 in South Carolina. St. John's Lodge No. 31 (for that was its original 
 number,) was the leader of that organized opposition of Ancient York 
 Lodges, which dissented from the union of the two Grand Lodges in 
 1808, and which caused the revival of the York Grand Lodge in 
 1809.* It took its willing share, however, in the second and more 
 successful union of 1817, and,, on the necessary alterations being i 
 in the registry of the Grand Lodge of Ancient Freemasons in 1818, it 
 received the number 13. In 1836 it became extinct, and a consider- 
 able amount of funds, including ten shares of Planters' and Mechan- 
 ics' Bank stock, passed into the treasury of the Grand Lodge. St. 
 John's Lodge, during its existence, contained on its roll the names of 
 some of the most zealous and intelligent Masons in the jurisdiction. 
 The number has never been filled up. 
 
 Orange Lodge No. 14, Charleston. This Lodge was constituted 
 in 1789, by the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons of South Caro- 
 lina. The warrant was granted to James Allison, W. 31., Win. Stewart, 
 S. W., and Alex. Cameron, J. IF. Its first meeting was held On the 
 28th of May, 1789. In 1808 it declared its adhesion to the un'ron cf 
 Grand Lodges which then took place, and, like all the other York 
 Lodges of the city except No. 31, refused to withdraw from the united 
 Grand Lodge and assist in the revival of the York Grand Lodge. In 
 1817 it was, therefore, found taking. its share in the permanent n 
 as one of the constituents of the "Grand Lodge of South Carolina." 
 In 1825 Lodge No. 5 surrendered its warrant and obtained permission 
 to unite with Lodge No. 14. Orange Lodge has been extremely fortu- 
 nate in the preservation of its records from the date of its establish- 
 ment, by which it appears that it has never suspended its work, but has 
 constantly and regularly held its Communications. 
 
 Cheraw Lodge No. 15, Chemw, Chesterfield District. In the 
 
 beginning of this century there were two Lodges in Cheraw District, 
 No. 15 at Little River, and No. 17 at Greenville. They were both in 
 
 * See Chapters VIII. and IX. of this work. 
 
APPENDIX. 515 
 
 existence in 1807, and were both Ancient York Lodges. Between 
 1808 and 1817 Lodge No. lf> became extinct. In 1808 Lodge No. 
 17 removed to the town of Oheraw, then called " Cheraw Hill." It 
 refused to sanction the union of 1808, and adhered to the revived G. 
 L. of York Masons until 1817, when its proxy united with that body 
 in the formation of the second union. It is probable that the action 
 of its proxy did not meet with the approbation of the Lodge, for it did 
 not give its adhesion to the new Grand Lodge, and soon became extiuct 
 under the regulations of the Grand Lodge.* In 1821 a warrant was 
 granted to King Solomon's Lodge No. 15; at Cheraw, of which John 
 M. Peguea was the first Master. In the same year there appears to 
 have been some interruption of harmony in the Lodge, and several 
 brethren having withdrawn from it petitioned the <i rand Lodge for a 
 warrant for a new Lodge. In consequence of the adverse report of 
 the committee to whom the application was referred, it was refused. 
 The Lodge having made no returns since* 1822, its warrant was sus- 
 pended in 1827. In 1853 a warrant was granted to the present Lodge 
 under the name of "Cheraw Lodge No. 15," which was issued to 0. 
 31. Roberts, IK J/., Dan. A. Horn, S. W., and C. Kollock, J. IF. 
 
 Beckiiamsville Lodge No. 16, Rocky Orel-, Kershaw District. 
 
 This was an old York Lodge which bore the number 24 on the registry 
 of the G. L. of A. Y. M. It was in existence certainly in 1808, and 
 took a part in the opposition to the union of that year. In 1817 it 
 united in the final union, and its number was changed from 24 to 16. 
 It was suspended in 1825 and never has been revived. The number is 
 still vacant on the registry of the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Harmony Lodge No. 17, Barnwell C. II No. 17 was originally 
 occupied by King Solomon's Lodge at Cheraw. On the change of the 
 number of that Lodge to 15, No. 17 was given to Good Intention 
 ; Pensacola, Florida, which had been 46 on the registry of the 
 i ad Lodge of S. C. before the union, and which, after its suspen- 
 sion, '.'.as revived in 1821. Good Intention Lodge No. 17 was declared 
 cxtim-t in 1*25. December 18, 1840, a warrant was granted for the 
 0.1 of a Lodge at Barnwell C H., to be known as " Harmo- 
 
 * In February, 1818, the G. L. resolved that all Lodges thai did not give their 
 
 to the union, on or before the Grand Communication in September next, 
 should be considered as extinct. 
 
,-)lO APPENDIX. 
 
 ny Lodge No. 17." It was issued to V. J. Williamson, W. M., A. P. 
 Aldrich, S. W., and J. 0. Hagood, J. W. This Lodge, after building 
 a hall in 1845, and exhibiting other symptoms of prosperity, finally 
 became dormant in 1852. It was revived in 1858 by a warrant issued 
 to James 0. Hagood, W. 31, W. M. Hunter, S. IP., and Frederick 
 Miller, J. W. 
 
 Tbere was an Ancient York Lodge in Barnwell District, in 1807, 
 designated as " Mount Moriah Lodge No. 55." It met at B. Cohen's 
 house near Matthew's Bluff. It took an active part in the revival of 
 the Grand Lodge of A. Y.M., in 1809, but in 1817, it acceded to the 
 union of the two Grand Lodges, and its number was changed to 30. 
 It is probable that the Lodge was soon after removed, as from the year 
 1822 it is reported in the registries as being situated at " Pipe Creek 
 in Beaufort District." Its removal did it no good, for it made no 
 returns after 1822, and in 1828 was declared to be extinct. 
 
 Chester Lodge No. 18, Chester C, II., Chester District. In the 
 year 1808, there was a Lodge at Chester C. H., which bore the number 
 28 on the registry of the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons. 
 From its number, I should suppose that it had long been in existence. 
 It opposed the union in 1808, and in 1809 was represented at the Con- 
 vention which reorganized the Ancient York Grand Lodge. It assented 
 to the union which took place in 1817, and in the change of the 
 registry consequent on that event, received the number IS. In 183-.' it 
 became extinct. On March 17th, 1854, a warrant was granted to con- 
 stitute the present Chester Lodge No. 18, with the following officers: 
 Tho. McCully, W. 31., D. Pinchback, S. W., A. G. Pagan, J. W. 
 
 Palmetto Lodge No. 19, Laurensville, Laurens District. There 
 was a Lodge bearing this number at Laurensville in 1808, but how 
 much earlier I am unable to learn. It was an Ancient York Lodge, 
 and having refused to accede to the union in 1808, it united the next 
 year in the Convention at Columbia which revived the Grand Lodge of 
 York Masons. At the union in 1817 it at first refused to surrender 
 its warrant and to unite with the Grand Lodge of A. F. M. But in 
 1822, it applied for a new warrant, under circumstances interesting 
 enough to merit a record in the history of Masonry in this State. 
 (Seep. 159.) It received a new warrant, and was then designated as 
 "Laurensville Lodge No. 41." No. 19 was. at that time, occupied by 
 a Lodge at Church Hill, in Abbeville District, which became extinct 
 
APPENDIX. 517 
 
 about the year 1832. Lodge No. 41 was suspeuded iu 1S28. A 
 warrant was granted on the 7th December, 1848, to "Palmetto Lodge 
 No. 19," at Laureusville. The Lodge is still in existence, and is one of 
 the largest and most prosperous in the State. The present Graud Mas- 
 ter, B. It. Campbell, is ouc of its members, and to his untiring seal and 
 devotion is the Lodge indebted for much of the prosperity that it enjoys. 
 There was another York Lodge in Laurens District iu 1808, which 
 was designated as "No. 44." It became extinct before the union of 
 1817. 
 
 Harmony Lodge No. 20, Edisto Island, Charleston District The 
 original Lodge on Edisto Island was an Ancient York Lodge, and was 
 designated on the registry of the Graud Lodge of A. Y. M., as "No. 
 34." It refused to accede to the uniou in 1808, and assisted in the 
 revival of the Grand Lodge of A. Y. M. in 1809, under which body 
 it continued until the union in 1817, when it transferred its allegiance 
 to the united Grand Lodge of A. F. M., and on the change of the 
 registry it received the number 20. In 1858 it surrendered its warrant 
 "in consequence of an insufficiency of members." The furniture and 
 jewels of the Lodge were loaned by the Grand Lodge to St. John's 
 Lodge No. 41, at Bluffton. 
 
 Pythagorean Lodge No. 21, Charleston. The first notice that I 
 find of Pythagoreau Lodge is in the proceedings of the Graud Lodge 
 of A. Y. M., held in 1817. It is there designated by its name, but 
 without a number. In the proceedings of the Grand Lodge of A. F. 
 M., for 1819, it is recorded as " Pythagorean Lodge No. 79." I pre- 
 sume, therefore, that it received its original warrant in 1816 or 1817 
 from the Grand Lodge of A. Y. M. It acceded to the union of 1817, 
 and its number was changed from 79 to 21, which it ever afterwards 
 retained. A few years ago the Lodge came near extinction by the 
 death or withdrawal of many of its members, and a want of zeal or 
 energy in those who remained. But the members having prudently 
 elected Brother C. Fronebergcr their Master, through his unwearied 
 exertions the Lodge was revived and escaped the forfeiture of its war- 
 rant. It is now one of the most zealous and prosperous Lodges in 
 Charleston. If, as I suppose, the Lodge was organized iu 1817, its 
 first Master was the Rev. J. Galluchat: 
 
 Harmony Lodge No. 22, Beaufort, Beaufort District. There was 
 
518 APPENDIX. 
 
 an Ancient York Lodge at Beauforf in the year 1807, and Low much 
 earlier I am unable to say. This Lodge bore the number 41 on the 
 registry of the Grand Lodge of A. Y. M. Having joined in the oppo- 
 sition to the Union of 1808, it assisted the next year in the revival of 
 the Grand Lodge of A. Y. M. In 1817 it acceded to the second 
 union which took place in that year, and wa- placed on the registry of 
 the Grand Lodge of A. F. M. as " Harmony Lodge No. 22." It was 
 suspended in 1828. For many years Masonry seems to have been 
 extinguished in the town of Beaufort. A spark, however, from its 
 altar was always preserved by that truly zealous Mason, Brother John 
 M. Baker, who was one of the members of the old Lodge, and had 
 been its Master in 1822. Through his exertions the Lodge was 
 revived and the warrant restored, March 4, 1851, free of expense, to 
 the following officers: John M. Baker, W. M., D. L. Thompson, S. 
 W. } and George P. Elliott, J. W. The Lodge is still in existence. 
 
 Independent Lodge No. 23, Due. West, Abbeville District. The 
 warrant of Independent Lodge No. 23, at Due West, in Abbeville 
 District, was granted December 27, 1855, to Wm. Norton, W. M., 
 II. L. Holland, S. W., and J. Y. Sytton, J. W. In reply to my 
 enquiries Brother Clinkscales, late Master, states that " there never 
 was any other Lodge in Due West. In this vicinity there has always 
 been great opposition to Freemasonry.* There was, however, once a 
 Lodge at Scuffletown, eight miles from Due West, but of its history I 
 know nothing." This was, I think, Uuion Lodge No. 34. (&ee 
 Clinton Lothje No. 3.) 
 
 The number " 23 " was originally attached to Perfect Friendship 
 Lodge on the island of St. Helena, in Beaufort District, which was 
 suspended in 18-8, and has never been revived. When, in 1854, it 
 was determined by the Grand Lodge to fill up the vacant numbers on 
 the registry by giving them to new Lodges, 23 was appropriated to 
 Independent Lodge at Due West. 
 
 WlLLIAMSTON Lodge No. 24, Williamston, Anderson District. 
 The warrant of this Lodge was granted on December 1, 1855, to D. J. 
 Barnett, W. M, F. A. Hoke, S. W., and Jasper Wilson, J. W. 
 
 * Due West is the seat of a college founded and controlled by the Reformed 
 Presbyterians, or Seceders, a church that has always been opposed to secret 
 societies. In 1752 the church in Scotland excommunicated all its members who 
 ■were affiliated Freemasons. 
 
APPENDIX. 519 
 
 On the 7th of November, 1860, the building in which the Lodge 
 timed by fire and nearly all of the property of the 
 e, including its warrant of constitution, was destroyed. The 
 i d Lod^e, at its Communication a few days afterwards, granted a 
 new warrant, free of all expensi , and remitted the dues of the Lodge. 
 At the time of the union, in 1817, No. 24 was occupied by an 
 i nt York Lodge at, Beckhamsville, which, on the change of num- 
 16, (see Beckhamsville Lodge No. 16,) 
 and 21 was appropriated to the Lodge at Spartanburg, which had pre- 
 viously been No. 16. On the extinction, about the year 1821, of the 
 . its number remained unoccupied, until, in conse- 
 amcndinents to the registry, it was given to the Lodge at 
 Williamston. 
 
 Friendship Lodge No. 25, Kirksey's Cross Roads, Edgefield Dis- 
 trict. The warrant of this Lodge was issued December 1, 1855, to Z. 
 W. C 8. W. Corley, S. jr., and Rob. Turner, J. W. 
 
 Many years ago this vicinity had been the seat of a Masonic Lodge, 
 li bore the designation of 'Edgefield Lodge No. 78," and was 
 held at "Kirksey's Store." ve its adhesion to the union of 
 
 Grand Lodges in 1817, and received the number 46 on the new 
 tfy. Its last return was made in 1826, and it was gradually 
 from the roll of Lodges. It was first omitted in the year 
 a further account of this Lodge, see Caldwell Lodge 
 No -. 
 
 There was, as far back as 180(3, a Lodge of Ancient York Masons 
 
 numbered 25, in Union District. That Lodge, however, must 
 
 ■ afterwards become extinct, as it is not recorded among the 
 
 es which wore on the registry of the revived York Grand Lodge 
 
 in 1800. At the union of 1 S 1 7 the number 25, which was then 
 
 iven to the Lodge at Marion C. II. (See Clinton Lodge 
 
 No. (io.) On the extinction of that Lodge, the number remained un. 
 
 pied until it was appropriated to Friendship Lodge. 
 
 ■;tox Lodge No. 20, TimmonsviUe, Darlington District. The 
 warrant of this Lodge was granted December 27, 1855, to William 
 Brockinton, W. J/., Giles Carter, S. W., and Edward J. Conner, J. W. 
 Timmonsville is a new place, the offspring of the Wilmington and 
 Manch ater Railroad, and no Lodge was, consequently, ever organized 
 there before the yea;- 1 i 
 
520 APPENDIX. 
 
 Number 28 was in 1817 attached to an Ancient York Lodge at 
 Jacksonboro', which however soon became extinct. The number was 
 then appropriated to a Lodge at Sumtervillo, which bore the. designation 
 of " Sumterville Lodge No. 26." (See Claremont Lodge No. 64.) On 
 its extinction, the number remained unoccupied until it was given to 
 Benton Lodge at Timmonsville, which was the nearest Lodge to Sum- 
 terville, the seat of the old Lodge. 
 
 Buford Lodge No. 27, Baford Bridge, Barnwell District. The 
 warrant of this Lodge was granted \pril 19, 1856, to A. P. Aldrich, 
 W. M., J. J. Brabham, S. W., and J. M. Williams, J. W. 
 
 Number 27 was formerly occupied by a Lodge at Hogg's Store in 
 Newberry District. (See Amity Lodge No. 87.) On its extinction, the 
 number remained unoccupied until it was given to Buford Lodge. 
 Although the Lodge at this place is of recent date, much Masonic zeal 
 has been exhibited by the members, who have already organized a 
 Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, and a Council of Boyal and Select 
 Masters. 
 
 Orangeburg Lodge No. 28, Orangeburg C. E., Orangeburg Dis- 
 trict. The present Lodge received its warrant December 6, 1853. It 
 was directed to John N. Barillon, W. 31., V. D. V. Jamison, S. W., 
 and A. G. Kowe, J. W. 
 
 Brother Jamison has furnished me with the following interesting 
 items respecting Masonry in Orangeburg: 
 
 "There was," he says, "a Lodge of Ancient York Masons estab- 
 lished in the town on the 31st of May, 1788, with Andrew Leuthold 
 as W. M., James Carmichael, S. W., and Joseph Culpepper, J. .W. 
 That Lodge worked, until about 1832 or 1833, during a political ex- 
 citement in the State, there was an interregnum of about twenty 
 years. The Lodge was called 'Perfect Friendship No. 12.'" 
 
 To this information, I am enabled to add a few items derived from 
 other sources, and to correct an error into which Brother Jamison has 
 inadvertently fallen. 
 
 I find " Lodge No. 12, at Orangeburg," recorded on the registry of 
 the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons, in 1807 and again in 1817. 
 It did not therefore accede to the union of Grand Lodges in 1808, 
 and must have united with the old York Grand Lodge on its revival 
 -in 1809, although it was not represented in the Convention at Colum- 
 bia, which in that year reorganized the Grand Lodge of A. Y. M. In 
 
APPENDIX. 521 
 
 1818 the Master and members surrendered their warrant to the Grand 
 Lodge of A. F. M. and did not take out another. This was. possibly, 
 to be attributed to their objections to the union. On January 28, 
 1825, the Grand Lodge received an application "from Thomas Tatum, 
 Thomas J. Goodwyn, Samuel Parsons, James Grimes and Lewis Jones, 
 of Orangeburg, praying for a warrant of constitution." But, as it 
 was unaccompanied with the necessary recommendations, " it was 
 referred to the Grand Master to be granted when the necessary docu- 
 ments should be received." At the next Grand Communication ou 
 February 25, 1825, this petition was withdrawn, and another presented 
 by the same persons, who are now described as "former members of 
 Lodge No. 12, Orangeburg District, petitioning for a return of their 
 former warrant of constitution or a new one in its place." This peti- 
 tion seems to have met with some difficulty, for there was a long dis- 
 cussion on the subject, and it, was uot until the meeting ou April 14, 
 1825, that the Grand Lodge consented to restore the warrant to the 
 applicants, " on their paying to the Grand Lodge any arrears which 
 may be due, or on paying for a new one at their option." A new war- 
 rant was accordingly issued under the date of April 14, 1S25, to 
 Thomas Tatum, IT' 31., Lewis Jones, S. TF!,and Thomas J. Goodwyn, 
 J. W. The Lodge is simply designated as " Lodge No. 12, in Orange- 
 burg." In subsequent registries it is recorded as " Orangeburg Lodge 
 No. 12." The revived Lodge does not appear to have flourished. It 
 made but one return, and was formally suspended by the Grand Lodge 
 September 26, 1828. A new Lodge was organized, as has been 
 already stated, in 1853, which received the number 28. After the 
 suspension of the old Lodge, the number 12 was given, in 1837, to a 
 new Lodge at the neighboring settlement of Branehvillo. {See 
 Humility Loih/e No. 12.) On the revival of the Lodge at Orange- 
 burg the number 28 was given to it under the regulation to fill all 
 vacant numbers. No. 28 had last been occupied by Floridian Virtues 
 Lodge, at St. Augustine, which became extinct in 1828. 
 
 Kershaw Lodge No. 29, Camden, Kershaw District Tn the year 
 18,17 there were two Lodges in South Carolina which bore the number 
 55. One was JMt. Moriali Lodge No. 55, an Ancient York Lodge in 
 Beaufort District, which subsequently became No. 30, and the other 
 
 was Kiishiiw Lodge No. 55, at Camden, which was a Lodge of 
 Modems or Free and Accepted Masons, and which, on the change of 
 numbers by the Grand Lodge of A. V. 31., took that of 29, which 
 
522 APPENDIX, 
 
 number was, at tint time, unoccupied in both Grand Lodges. Ker- 
 shaw Lodge received its warrant from the Grand Lodge of Free and 
 Accepted Masons, at what time I am unable to say, as I have not 
 received the required information from the archives of the Lodge. It 
 could not however have been long anterior to 1817, as I find only two 
 Lodges, numbers 56 and 57, above it on the register. It is recorded 
 by Cole, in a list made in 1816, as " Kershaw Lodge No. 55, at Cam- 
 den." I think it probable that it was organized but a few years 
 before. The Lodge has never forfeited its warrant, and has been in 
 existence ever since its original organization. 
 
 Ridgeway Lodge No. 30, Ridgeway, Fairfield District. The war- 
 rant of this Lodge was granted September 2, 1856, to Geo. R. Hunter, 
 W. 31, James D. Davis, S. W., and Win. B. Elkin, J. W. 
 
 The number 30 was originally appropriated in 1818 to Mount Moriah 
 Lodge, at Pipe Creek, Beaufort District, which Lodge was declared 
 extinct in 1827. The number remained unoccupied until 1858, when 
 it was bestowed on Ridgeway Lodge. I have received no information 
 of the early condition of Masonry in the vicinity of this Lodge. A 
 Chapter of R. A. Masons, formerly held at Flint Hill, has recently 
 been removed to this place. 
 
 Recovery Lodge No. 31, Greenville C. If., Greenville District. 
 Of the early history of Masonry in Greenville District, I have ob- 
 tained but little information. Recovery Lodge was a Lodge of 
 (l Moderns," and derived its warraut from the Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina, which was formed by the union in 1808. At the union in 
 1S17, 1 find it recorded on the registry of that Grand Lodge as No. 57; 
 and as this was the highest number on the registry, it is to be supposed 
 that the warrant was issued in the year 1817, or at the earliest iu 1816. 
 In 1819, Judge Colcock, a Past Grand Master, reported to the Grand 
 Lodge that "he had visited Recovery Lodge No. 57, at Greenville, 
 where he found every thing in good order and the Lodge well con- 
 ducted." In the change of numbers, which took place subsequent to 
 the union of 1817, the Lodge received the number 31, which it has 
 ever since retained. Of the original proprietors of this number, I shall 
 have occasion hereafter to speak. In 1825 the Lodge made a return to 
 the Grand Lodge, which was the last, and in 1827 it was suspended. 
 On December 4th, 1849, the Grand Lodge restored the warrant on the 
 payment of the fee for a dispensation, and issued it to T. S. Arthur, W. 
 
APPENDIX. 523 
 
 JC, W. B. Lcavy, S. W. } and Robert D. Duncan, J.W The Lodge 
 has since continued in a very prosperous condition, and f -a of he 
 members ha, prompted then, to organize a Chapter of Royal Arch 
 
 Masons, and a Council of Royal and Select Masters, both of winch are 
 
 now in existence. t„W« 
 
 The original Lodge which bad the number 31, was St. John s 
 Lod-e in Charleston; At the union in 1817 it took the number 13, 
 and Us former number was given to Reeovery Lodge For an account 
 of this Lodge, see the article St. Johns Lodge No. 13. 
 
 Johnson Lodge No. 32, W. W. Renmck'e, Onion Distrust. A 
 Warrant of constitution was granted September 2, 1856, to Johnson 
 LodVe No 82, at Goshen Hill in Union District, winch has since 
 removed to W. W. Renwiek's. The warrant was issued to- A. (.. 
 Mavhin, W. M.J 11. S. Chick, S. W; and B. Richards, /. W Ihe 
 LocW is named in honor of the late Governor David Johnson, who was 
 Grand Master of the State in 1826, and whose residence was not very 
 far from the site of the Lodge. 
 
 The number 32 was originally occupied by Philanthropic Lodge, at 
 Yorkville On its extinction the number remained unappropriated, 
 until in 1856 it was given to Johnson Lodge. {See 1 hilanthropic 
 Lodge No. 78.) 
 
 AURORA LODGE No. 33, Clio, Marlboro' District This Lodge 
 received its warrant on November 12, 1856, issued to D MoD^ MeLeod 
 U- V J \. McRae, S. W., and James N. Alford, J. W. . It was 
 the first Lodge established at the place, and its records supply no infor- 
 mation of the early history of Masonry. 
 
 Number 33 was originally occupied by a Lodge at Cambridge, which 
 became extinct in 1822. {See Eureka Lodge No. 47.) 
 
 Pendleton Lodge No. 34, Pendleton, Indent* District* The 
 present Pendleton Lodge No. 34, was constituted by a warrant issued 
 
 TTa,,, greatl, mdebte I to Brother Geo. Seabom,and, through him to Brother. 
 j. v. Sha^klm and Robert Brackenndge, aged Masons and ™^£\™ 
 Lodg e a1 Pendleton, for interesting information, which I have fa. y «djf*j 
 to whom I addressed circulars, had taken the same pains as Brother Seaborn^ an 
 a few others, to acquire and communicate information, those brief sketches might 
 have been made more interesting. 
 
524 APPENDIX. 
 
 December 27, 1848, to Geo. Seaborn, W. 31., David S. Taylor, S. W., 
 and Samuel E. Maxwell, J. W. 
 
 Brother Brackenridge states that "No. 63 was the first Lodge ever 
 opened at Pendleton, and I think it was in 1810. The Lodge con- 
 tinued four or five years before it became extinct, the last Master being 
 Tho. Harrison." The venerable Brother has, I believe, erred in the 
 number of the Lodge. In 1817 the registry of the Grand Lodge A. 
 Y. M., records the Lodge at Pendleton as being No. 64, but it is not 
 reported as having acceded to the terms of the union, and I find no 
 further notice of it in the subsequent proceedings of the Grand Lodge 
 of A. F. M. Brother B. is probably right as to the active duration of 
 the Lodge. Brother Seaborn, speaking of this primitive Lodge, says 
 that " from some bad feeling that sprung up among its members it 
 went down some years after its organization." Brother S. adds, that 
 "on the 21st of December, 1818, a warrant of constitution was 
 granted to Tho. Harrison, W. 31., Joseph Van Shanklin, S. W., and 
 John McMillan, J. W., authorizing them to renew the old Lodge." 
 The number given in this warrant was 34, and it is now in the archives 
 of the Lodge. The Lodge, however, never went into operation, in 
 consequence of Mr. Harrison's removal from the District. I can find 
 no uotice of this Lodge in the transactions of the Grand Lodge for 
 1818, but the number 34 was left vacant on the registry for a few 
 years, perhaps in consequence of the Lodge making no returns, and the 
 Grand Secretary being ignorant of its condition. At length, in 1821, 
 number 34 was given to Union Lodge in Abbeville District, which had 
 previously ranked as 62 on the registry of the Grand Lodge of A. Y. 
 M. This Lodge was suspended in 1827, and on the revival of 
 Masonry in Pendleton in 1848, number 34, then vacant, was appro- 
 priated to the new Lodge in that village, at the special request of its 
 members. 
 
 Fraternity Lodge No. 35, Adam's Run, Colleton District. The 
 warrant was granted on December 2, 1856, to James C. Meggett, W. 
 31.; H. Dickson Corbett, & W.; and Edward D. LaRoche, J. W. 
 Adam's Hun is a village of comparatively recent growth, and this is 
 the first and only Lodge ever organized in it. The number was 
 formerly occupied by Prudence Lodge No. 35, of Charleston, which 
 surrendered its charter in 1827. It had previously been 46 on the 
 registry of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina. 
 
APPENDIX. 525 
 
 LaCandeur Lodge No. 30, Charleston. LaCandcnr Lodge No. 
 12 was instituted at Cliarleston, ou the 24th of August, 170(3, by the 
 Grand Lodge of F. and A. M. of S. C. It was fouuded by Jean 
 Baptist* Marie de la Ilogue, celebrated in the history of Scottish 
 Masonry in this country. By a special understanding at the time of 
 its organisation, the Lodge, being composed entirely of Frenchmen, 
 was permitted to work in the French Rite. It consequently took little 
 interest in the disputes between the " Ancients" and the " Moderns" 
 of the American Lodges. In 1808 it joined its Mother Grand Lodge 
 in the union which then took place, and in 1800, its number was 
 changed from 12 to 30, which latter it ever afterwards retained. 
 Nearly all of its members being Roman Catholics, the influence of the 
 church so much prevailed as at length to produce a dissolution of the 
 Lodge, which, in 1852, surrendered its charter. A few of the mem- 
 bers who still desired to retain their connection with Masonry, united 
 with Washington Lodge No. 5. The fee for life membership of these 
 in Washington Lodge was paid out of the funds of LaCandeur, appro- 
 priated just before its dissolution. This act was condemned of by the 
 Grand Lodge, which adopted a resolution declaring that "it disap- 
 proved of any Lodge making a distribution of its funds preparatory to 
 surrendering its warrant, as the said funds reverted to the Grand 
 Lodge to be held in trust until the Lodge was resuscitated." No 
 farther action was taken on the subject. In June, 1S:">7, the warrant 
 was revived and issued to John A. Wagner, IT. J/., Win. Diersen, £. 
 
 W., and S. J. Runken, J. IF The Lodge was required to work in the 
 
 English language and in the York Rite. 
 
 Centre Lodge No. 37, Tlonm Path, Anderson District. The 
 warrant of this Lodge was granted on September 1, 1857, and was 
 issued to W. P. Martin, IF. M., J. J. McPeth, S. IF., and Noah R. 
 Reeve, J. IF It is one of those many Lodges which have sprung out 
 of old Clinton Lodge at Abbeville C. EL 
 
 No. 37 was formerly occupied by St John's Lodge at Santee, which 
 had been an Ancient York Lodge, numbered as 65 on the registry of 
 the Grand Lodirc of A. Y. M., and whose number was changed at the 
 union in 1 si 7. It became extinct in 1828, and the number was sub- 
 sequently given to Centre Lodge. 
 
 ALLEN Lodge No. 38, Bamberg, Barnwell District The warrant 
 of this Lodge was granted June 2, 1857, to J. D. Allcu, W. M., E. 
 
526 APPENDIX. 
 
 T. Edgerton, S. W., W. T. Easteflin, J. W. The Lodge was named 
 after the Hon. Joseph D. Allen, its first Master, who presented the 
 Lodge with its furniture and jewels. It owns a neat and commodious 
 hall, on the around floor of which an excellent school is kept, under 
 the patronage of the Lodge. The members of the Lodge have also 
 organized a Royal Arch Chapter and a Royal and Select Council. 
 
 No. 38 was formerly occupied by St. Alban's Lodge at Darlington 
 C. H., which was suspended iu 1828. (See St. David's Lodje No. 72.) 
 
 Richland Lodge No. 39, Columbia, Richland District. There 
 was an Ancient York Lodge at Granby, a few miles from Columbia, 
 which was in existence in the latter part of the last century. At the 
 time of the Revolution it seems to have suspended its labors, for it was 
 revived, in 1785, at Saxe-G-otha. As its existence was anterior to that 
 of the Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons, which was established 
 in 1787, it could not have derived its warrant from that body, but 
 whence it received its authority I have not been able to learn. In 
 1790 this Lodge, which was known as No. 10, removed from Granby 
 to Columbia, ^ here it continued to meet until its extinction. In 1808 
 it acceded to the union which then took place between the two Grand 
 Lodges of the State, and at first refused to take any part in the revival 
 of the old York Grand Lodge, but, subsequently, it transferred its 
 allegiance from the Grand Lodge of South Carolina to the revived 
 Grand Lodge of A. Y. M., under whose jurisdiction it remained until 
 its extinction. This must have taken place before 1816, for in the 
 registry of 1817 it is stated to have been "for some time extinct." 
 The chest with the furniture and records of the Lodge were, in 1819, 
 placed by the Grand Lodge in charge of Lodge No. 39, to be kept 
 "until the further order of the Grand Lodge." In 1821 the jewels 
 and furniture of Lodge No. 10 were sold, by the Grand Lodge, to 
 Churchill Lodge No. 19, in Abbeville District. The old record book 
 still remains iu the archives of Richland Lodge No. 39. 
 
 After the extinction of Lodge No. 10, another Lodge was organized 
 by the Grand Lodge of A. Y. M. iu Columbia. This Lodge appears 
 on the registry of that body iu 1817, as " Lodge No. 08." In the year 
 1818, the Legislature of the State made an absolute gift to it of one of 
 the best lots in the principal street of the town, with the consideration 
 that the Lodge should build a hall and allow the use of it to the Com- 
 missioners of the Market and the conductors of an, academy. I'pon 
 this lot of ground I think the Masonic Hall was afterwards built by 
 
APPENDIX. 527 
 
 Lodsre No. 39. In 1819 tho designation of the Lodge was changed to 
 " Columbia Lodge No. 39." It made no returns after 1825, aod in 
 183 > it was suspended. I do not know if it immediately obeyed the 
 mandate of suspension, but, in 1836, official notice of its extinction 
 was received from its late Secretary. The property of the Lodge, con- 
 sisting of a handsome ball, was sold by order of the Court of Equity, 
 and, after the liquidation of its debts, the sum of $834 97 was paid by 
 the Master in Equity into the funds of the Grand Lodge. The Grand 
 Master having granted a dispensation for the revival of the Lodge in 
 1841, on September 24, 1841, the warrant of the Lodge was returned, 
 and it was thenceforth designated as '' Richland Lodge No. 39." The 
 warrant was issued to M. II. DeLeon, 11'. 4/., M. G. Shaffer, S. 11'., 
 and Tho. 11. Wade, ./. W. The Lod»e has since continued in active ex- 
 istence. Masonry is, at this time, in a flourishing condition in the city 
 of Columbia, where we find three Lodges, a R. A. Chapter, a Council 
 of K. and S. Masters, a Lodge of Perfection and a Council of Kadosh. 
 
 Winyaw Lodge No. 40, Georgetown, Georgetown District. There 
 was an Ancient York Lodge at Georgetown, in the year 1807, which 
 bore the number 23. What was the date of its organization I have 
 been unable to ascertain. This Lodge must subsequently have become 
 extinct, as I find it so recorded in the registry of the Grand Lodge of 
 A. Y. M. in 1817. Dut between 1809 and 1817 another Lodge was 
 constituted at Georgetown by the revived Grand Lodge of A. Y. M., 
 and it is recorded in 1817 as giving its consent to the union of that 
 year. It was then known as "Lodge No. 69." Its number was 
 changed in 1818, and from that time it has been known as "Winyaw 
 Lodge No. 40." The new charter issued December 21, 1818, desig- 
 nates John L. Wilson, W. M , Isaac Carr, S. 11'., and John Patterson, 
 J. W. After this it seems to have been very irregular in its trans- 
 actions with the Graud Lodge. In 1827, when it made a brief return 
 but paid no dues, it owed the large sum of $4G4. In 1828 the Lodge 
 was suspended, but does not seem to have ceased to work, for various 
 communications passed between the Lodge and the Grand Lodge; and, 
 finally, in 1831, upon the payment of $150 by the Lodge, it was 
 restored to all its rights and privileges, and in 1832 a new warrant was 
 issued, in place of the old one which had been lost or mislaid. I have 
 sin ■ ■ discovered that old warrant, and it is now in the archives of the 
 Grand Lod;jc. The Lodge again became irregular, and is marked on 
 the registry of 1850 as being suspended for non-payment of dues. 
 
52S APPENDIX. 
 
 The Lodge, however, from some misunderstanding, continued to work 
 notwithstanding its suspension. In 1858 it was fully restored, a new 
 warrant being granted, and is now in active operation. 
 
 Georgetown was once a prominent place in the Masonry of the 
 State, and was the seat of a flourishing Chapter, and an Encampment 
 of Knights Templar, both of which are now extinct. 
 
 St. John's Lodge No. 41, Bluffton, Beaufort District. The war- 
 rant was issued September 1, 1857 to John A. Seabrook, W. M., W. 
 H. Anderson, S. W., and P. F. Meggett, J. W. There never was a 
 previous Lodge at the place. Number 41 was originally the desig- 
 nation of the Lodge at Beaufort, which was changed in 1 bl9 for 22. 
 As Bluffton is the nearest Lodge to Beaufort, the vacant number was 
 apppropriately bestowed upon it, when those numbers were being 
 filled up. 
 
 Tyrian Lodge No. 42, Erwinton, Barnwell District. The warrant 
 of this Lodge was issued June 2, 1857, to llobert Martin, W. 31., J. 
 I). Erwin, 6'. W., and W. B. Warren, J. W. The Lodge is still 
 in existence, but I have received no information in relation to its 
 history. The number formerly belonged to two Lodges in the State. 
 To Perfect Friendship No. 42, on the island of St. Helena, which, at 
 the change of numbers in 1818, became 23, and then to Fair Harmony, 
 at Liberty Hill, Fairfield District, which was originally 72, but at the 
 change of numbers took 42, and retained it until its extinction about 
 the year 1828. Both had originally been Ancient York Lodges. 
 
 Eureka Lodge No. 43, Adamsville, Marlboro' District. The war- 
 rant was issued November 17, 1858, to J. J. Herndon, W. 31., T. T. 
 Bethea, S. W., and J. L. Easterling, J. W. This was an offshout 
 from Marlboro' Lodge No. 88, and was principally instituted by mem- 
 bers of that Lodge for the greater convenience of their dwellings. 
 Number 43 was formerly the designation of a Lodge at Union Court 
 House, which became extinct in 1831. (*S'ee Union Ludjc No. 75.) 
 
 Campbell Lodge No. 44, Clinton, Laurens District. The warrant 
 was granted November 18, 1858, to Elias Bearden, W. 31., D. S. 
 Henry, S. W., and Tho. H. Pitts, J. W. The Lodge was one of the 
 offspring of Palmetto Lodge No. 19, and received its name in honor of 
 Brother B. Bush Campbell, a zealous Past Master of that L.odj,e, and 
 
APPENDIX. 509 
 
 now the Grand Master of the State. Number 44 was originally the 
 designation of a Lodge at Newberry Court House, which became 
 extinct about the year 1832. (See Amity Lodge Xo. 87.) 
 
 Effingham Lodge No. 45, Effingham, Marion District. The 
 warrant was issued November 18, 1858, to J. Maxcy Timmous, W. M., 
 J. Morgau Timmons, S. W., David E. Cole, J. W. Number 45 was 
 formerly appropriated to Eden Lodge, at Clarendon, in Sumter District, 
 which surrendered its warrant in 1823. 
 
 Kingstree Lodge No. 46, Kingstree, Williamsburg District. The 
 warrant was issued November 30, 1858, to Samuel W. Maurice, W. M., 
 Angus McKenzie, S. W., and Robert Henry, J. W. Number 46 was 
 originally held by the Lodge at Kirksey's Store, but had been vacant 
 from 1826, until appropriated to the Lodge at Kingstree. (See Friend- 
 ship Lodge No. 25.) 
 
 Brother Maurice, who has taken much pains to obtain and commu- 
 nicate information in relation to the history of Masonry in Williams- 
 burg District, says: " There is a tradition, whether well founded or 
 not, I cannot say, that there was a Lodge at Kingstree some twenty or 
 thirty years ago. The name and time of extinction I cannot learn." 
 His mother also informed him, that when she was just grown, which 
 must have been about 1811, there was a Lodge at Black Mingo, a 
 small town in the lower part of the District, which met over a store. 
 Brother N. G. Rick also says, that he knows that, in 1833, the jewels 
 of an old Lodge at Kingstree were in the possession of Daniel 
 McWilliams, a Mason, and that, at his death, they were sold by his 
 executor, who was uot a Mason, being included in the general schedule 
 of his effects. 
 
 The old records of the Grand Lodge show that the traditions, in this 
 instance, were founded on facts, and I am able from them to supply 
 some data which Brothers Maurice and Rich were unable to obtain. 
 The earliest notice of a Lodge that I find in Williamsburg District, is 
 in the registry of the Grand Lodge of A. Y. M., for 1807, which 
 records " Lodge No. 21, at Black Mingo." How many years previously 
 it had existed, I am unable to say. There was at that time no Lodge 
 at Kingstree. But in 1817 I find the record of -"Lodge No. 70, at 
 Kingstree," which must have been warranted, therefore, between 1807 
 and 1817. Both of these were Ancient York Lodges, and acceded to 
 the union in 1817. They do not seem, however, to have taken out 
 34 
 
530 APPENDIX. 
 
 new warrants, and are never mentioned after 1817 in the records of the 
 Grand Lodge of A. F. M S. C I suppose that they soon after 
 
 became extinct. The union, although accepted, still excite 
 cases, conscientious scruples, and several Lodges were dissolved in con- 
 sequence, by refusing to accept new warrants. The Lodge :it Black 
 Mingo did not consent to the union of 1808, and transferred its alle- 
 giance to the revived Grand Lodge of A. Y. M. 
 
 Eureka Lodge No. 47, Ninety- Six, Abbeville District. The war- 
 rant was issued November 17, 1858, to J. W. Calhoun, W. M., J. TV. 
 Fooshe, S. W., and S. A. Crawford, J. W. At Cambridge, an old 
 town about two miles from the present village of Niuety-Six, there 
 was, in 1807, an Ancient York Lodge which bore the number "40," 
 but which number was, in 1808, changed to "58." This Lodge 
 refused to accede to the union of 180I" 1 but did tu that of 1817, and, 
 under the united Grand Lodg^ of A. F. \\ took the designation of 
 "Cambridge Lodge No. 33." This Lodg< became extinct in 1823. 
 The present number, "47," which has been given to Eureka Lodge, 
 was last occupied by La Esperanza Lodge No 17, at St. Augustine in 
 Florida, which was suspended in 1827. 
 
 Lebanon Lodge No. 48, Myersvilh, Z)< The 
 
 warrant was issued November 18, 18f>; •! 11. 
 
 Pearson, S. W., and S. 1). M. Byrd, J N« irmerly 
 
 occupied by a Lodge at Pocotaligo. [S . L<»hjf No. 98.) 
 
 "Wallace Lodge No. 49, Martin Wallace' Laurens District. 
 The warrant was issued November 17, 1858. to Win. Power, W. M., 
 A. W. Burnside, S. \V., and 11. J. 'oop r, J. This is one of the 
 
 few Lodges in the State which recei without a previous 
 
 dispensation. It is like Campbell L >dge No I ■•. an offshoot from Pal- 
 metto No. 19. No Lodge ever existed previously in that vicinity. 
 Its number was formerly occupied by Mount Pleasant Lodge No. 49, 
 at Dutchman's Creek in Fairfield District. The warrant of that Lodge 
 was issued, in 1820, to Zachariah Nettles, W. 31. It was suspended 
 in 1827. 
 
 Concordia Lodge No. 50, E<lgefield C. 77., Ecbjefiehl Di.irict. 
 There were two Lodges in Edg"fie!d District in the year 1807, both 
 Ancient York, viz : No. 35 at Campbellton ; and No. 54 at Higgius' 
 
APPENDIX. 531 
 
 Ferry. In 1817 the former of these had become extinct, but the latter 
 was still in existence, and there was another at Abney's Store num- 
 bered as 78. No. 54 retained its number after the union, but that of 
 78 was changed to 46. For a further account of Lodge No. 54 see 
 Hamburg Lodge No. 67. For an account of No. 46 see Friendship 
 Lodge No. 25. On December 14, 1827, a warrant was issued for the 
 establishment of a Lodge at Edgefield C. H., to be named "Edgefield 
 Social Lodge No. 58," with the following officers : John Bauskett, U". 
 31., Samuel II. Butler, S. W., and Robert G. Quarles, J. W. This 
 Lodge does not appear to have been very successful, for it made no 
 returns, and no further notice is taken of it in the proceedings of the 
 Grand Lodge after 1828. It must, I think, have soon become extinct. 
 On September 25, 1840, a warrant was issued to Alex. M. McCaine, 
 TF. 31, John Kirksey, S. W., and Robert McCullough, J. W., to 
 institute Lodge No. 50 at Edgefield C. H. The Lodge then took the 
 name of Concordia. But it did not continue long, and, on June 4, 
 1844, a new warrant was granted for its revival, which was directed to 
 Robert McCullough, W. 31. The Lodge is now in successful operation, 
 and there is a R. A. Chapter and R. and S. Council at the same place. 
 No. 50 was formerly occupied by La Constancia Lodge at Havana, 
 which, in 1821, must have united with the Grand Lodge of Cuba 
 formed in that year. 
 
 Claiborne Lodge No. 51, Claiborne, Alabama. The warrant of 
 this Lodge was granted June 25, 1819, to John Murphy as W. 31. 
 On the establishment of the Grand Lodge of Alabama, in 1821, the 
 Lodge came uuder its jurisdiction, and is now, I suppose, Alabama 
 Lodge No. 3, at Claiborne, on the registry of the Crand Lodge of 
 Alabama. The number has never been filled up on the South Carolina 
 registry. 
 
 Mackey Lodge No. 52, Hickory Grove, Edgefield District. A 
 warrant was granted November 17, 1858, to S. G. Mobley, W. 31., 
 Theophilus Doan, S. W., and W. L. Coleman, J. 11"., to open a Lodge 
 to be called " Mackey Lodge No. 52," at Fruit Hill, in Edgefield Dis- 
 trict. In consequence of a disappointment in obtaining a hall at the 
 contemplated locality, the idea of permanently establishing a Lodge 
 there was abandoned, and on a new petition, a warrant was granted 
 November 17, 1859, for a Lodge to be held at Hickory Grove in the 
 same District, with the same name and number. This warrant was 
 
532 APPENDIX. 
 
 issued to John Quattlebaurn, W. M., Theophilus Doan, S. W, and 
 Wm. L. Stevens, J. W. This Lodge is now in successful operation. 
 Number 52 was formerly occupied by La Amenidad Lodge No. 52, at 
 Havana, in the Island of Cuba, which was constituted by the Grand 
 Lodge of South Carolina, March 31, 1820. On the establishment of 
 the Grand Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of Cuba, in the year 1821, 
 La Amenidad Lodge surrendered its warrant, and took one from that 
 Grand Lodge. In 1823 the number was given to a Lodge at the vil- 
 lage of Manchester, which became extinct in 1830. {See Claremont 
 Lodge No. 64.) The number then remained vacant until it was be- 
 stowed on Mackey Lodge. 
 
 Jackson Lodge No. 53, Lancaster C. II. , Lancaster District. 
 There was an Ancient York Lodge in Lancaster District in 1807, 
 which bore the number 33 I am unacquainted with its history or its 
 precise locality. Negrin's registry of 1807 simply says " it meets in 
 Lancaster County." In 1817 this Lodge was extinct. The registry 
 of the Grand Lodge of A. Y. M. for 1817 records a Lodge in Lancas- 
 ter District, designated by number 73. Warrentou Lodge No. 24, 
 which afterwards became No. 16, was also at that time in existence, 
 and also Lodge No. 72, at Liberty Hill, which at the union in 1817 
 became No. 42, and in 1820 removed from Liberty Hill to Warrenton. 
 Both of these Lodges were in the vicinity of Lancasterville. But the 
 first authentic notice that I find of a Lodge at that village is in 1823, 
 on the 5th December* of which year a warrant was granted to " Lodge 
 No. 53, at Lancasterville," the first officers being Robert W. Gill, W. 
 31., Robert M. Crockett, S. W., and Willis W. Alsobrook, J. W. The 
 Lodge was named Jackson, in honor of Gen. Andrew Jackson, who was 
 thought to be a native of Lancaster District. f In 1828 this Lodge be- 
 came extinct, in consequence of the anti-masonic excitement which 
 prevailed at that period. The warrant of the present Lodge was issued 
 March 2, 1847, to John T. Andrews, W. M. (who had been the last 
 Master of the old Lodge), P. T. Hammond, S. W., and Eli C Bishop, 
 
 * Although granted at that date, I learn from an old record of the Lodge that 
 the instrument was dated March 1, 1824. The Lodge was constituted by John 
 Barker, Grand Lecturer, on the 12th March, 1824. 
 
 f This was thought at that time to be the fact. Parton has since shown that 
 the birth-place of the old hero was in North Carolina, about two miles beyond the 
 line of Lancaster District. PartoiCs Life of Jackson. 
 
APPENDIX. 533 
 
 J. W. The Lodge is now in a flourishing condition, and has a Chap- 
 ter and Council connected with it. 
 
 St. Peter',? Lodge No. 54, Manning, Clarendon District. The 
 warrant was issued November 17, 1859, to Charles T. Mason, 11\ M., 
 Dudley E. Hodge, S. W., and Wm. J. Clark, ./. 11". Manning is a 
 new place, and the Lodge has no early history of Masonry connected 
 with it. Number 54 was formerly occupied by Social Lodge at Ham- 
 burg. (See Harmony Lodge No. 67.) 
 
 Unity Lodge No. 55, Wallerboro, Colleton District. The original 
 warrant of this Lodge was granted April 14, 1825, to John Oswald, 
 11". M., Richard W. White, & IF., and James W. Monk, J. W. The 
 Lodge was suspended September 26, 1828. The warrant was restored 
 free of charge December 2, 1851, and the claim of the Grand Lodge 
 to the property of the old Lodge was surrendered to the restored one. 
 There is a record in the proceedings of the Grand Lodge that a war- 
 rant was granted to "Lodge No. 63," at Walterboro, May 11,1842, 
 but, having neither paid for its warrant nor made any return, the war- 
 rant was forfeited in December, 1846. I presume that the Lodge 
 was never actually organized. 
 
 Catawba Lodge No. 56, Fort Mill, York District. The warrant 
 was issued November 18, 1859, to John M. White, Jr. M., B. M. 
 Cobb, S. 11", and B. F. Powell, J. W. This Lodge is an offshoot 
 from Philanthropic Lodge at Yorkville, and has no early history con- 
 nected with it. No. 56 was formerly occupied by Fellowship Lodge 
 in St. George's Parish, Colleton District. (See Harmony Lodge 
 No. 61.) 
 
 Mount Willing Lodge No. 57, Mount Willing, Edgefield District. 
 The warrant was granted November 17, 1859, to G. M. Yarborough, 
 W. M., V. A. Herlong, S. W., and A. F. Langsford, J. W. I know 
 of no special history of Masonry connected with the Lodge. No. 57 
 was formerly occupied by the Lodge at Abbeville C. H. (See Clinton 
 Lodge No. 3.) 
 
 Mount Moriau Lodge No. 58, White Plains, Chesterfield District. 
 The dispensation for this Lodge was granted August 15, 1859, to R. 
 II. McKinnon, W. M., J. II. Blair, S. W., and Amos McManus. ./. 
 
534 APPENDIX. 
 
 W. The Grand Lodge declined to issue a warrant at its next meeting 
 in November, at the request of a neighboring Lodge which desired to 
 obtain further information of the character of the new Lodge. But 
 this being found satisfactory, a warrant was granted November 21, 
 1860, and the Lodge is now in successful operation. The number 58 
 was formerly occupied by the Lodge at Edgefield C. H. (See Concor- 
 dia Lodge No. 50.) 
 
 Butler Lodge No. 59, Claryton, Edgefield District. The warrant 
 was granted December 6, 1853, to John A. Chapman, W. M., Henry 
 Mason, S. W., and R. M. Scurry, J. W. In 1816 there was an 
 Ancient York Lodge, numbered as 78, held at Capt. Abney's Store, 
 which Brother Talbert, of Caldwell Lodge No. 82, thinks was about 
 where Butler Lodge now meets. In 1818 the number of this Lodge 
 was changed to 46. On the registry of the Grand Lodge it was known 
 as "Edgefield Lodge." In 1823 it removed to Kirksey's Store, and 
 subsequently met, according to Brother Talbert, at Liberty Hill. It 
 made no returns after 1826, and was soon after suspended. 
 
 No. 59 was formerly occupied by a Lodge at Cedar Springs in Abbe- 
 ville District. (See Clinton Lodge No. 3.) 
 
 Clinton Lodge No. 60, Marion C. H., Marion District. There 
 was a Lodge in 1807, at John McRee's, in Marion District, whose 
 number on the Ancient York registry was 48. It had, at that time, 
 been in existence for several years. It took an active part in the 
 revival of the Grand Lodge of A. Y. M. in 1809, at which time it had 
 removed to Marion C H., but in 1817 it acceded to the final- union, 
 and was placed on the new registry as " Marion Lodge No. 25." In 
 1828 it was suspended. On December 27, 1833, a warrant for a new 
 Lodge at Marion C. H., to be designated as " Clinton Lodge No. 60," 
 was granted to Edward B. Wheeler, W. M., C. B. Brown, S. W., 
 and Tho. Harlee, J. W. Though at one time languishing, the Lodge 
 revived about 1845, and has since been in successful operation. 
 
 Harmony Lodge No. 61, George's Station, Colleton District. A 
 warrant was granted September 28, 1827, to William Carr, W. M., 
 James Grimes, Jr., S. W., and John Strobel, J. W., to open a Lodge 
 in the parish of St. George, Colleton, to be designated as " Fellowship 
 Lodge No. 56." This Lodge was suspended in 1830 for non-payment 
 of dues. A warrant was granted 1841 for the establishment of the 
 
APPENDIX. 535 
 
 present T ler the d ignation of "Harmony Lodge No. 61." 
 
 Tin Lodg the vicinity of the spot which was occupied 
 
 by the old Lodge. 
 
 Charity Lodge No. 62, St. Mat'hew's Parish, Orangeburg District. 
 The dispem ition for this Lodge was granted in 1842 to Henry W. 
 Durant, W I Shuler, S. W., and John V. Furdon, J. W. 
 
 On June 7, 1842, the Grand Lodge, instead of granting a warrant, 
 resolved "that th should be allowed to continue its labors 
 
 under dispensation for the present." The warrant was not again asked 
 for, and the Lodge coniinu d in active operation under the dispen- 
 sation, elected its officers, made its returns, and sent its proxy to the 
 Grand Lodge, the circumstances having unaccountably been forgotten 
 (see History, p. 438), until discovered iu 1857, on September 5 of 
 which year, a warrant was issued to Lewis Dantzler, 11'. M., Audrew 
 J. Ilydrick, S. W., and Madison P. Way, J. W. Brother Hydrick 
 says, "there was a Masonic Lodge within five miles of this mauy years 
 since, but the members are all dead, and I cannot furnish any infor- 
 mation concerning it." I have no doubt that this was "St. John's 
 Lodge No. 37," formerly 65, which is recorded on the register of the 
 Grand Lodge of A. Y. M., in 1817, as being situated at St. Matthew's 
 Bluff", and in that of the Grand Lodge of A. F. M., as being "St. 
 John's Lodge No. 37, Santee." It became extinct in 1830. 
 
 Blackville Lodge No. 63, BlackviUe, Barnicell District. The 
 int was issued November 22, I860, to J. B. Sawyer, W. M., J. J. 
 
 j S. W., and C. W; Stewart, ./. PP. Number 63 was formerly 
 occupied by DeKalb Lodge at Bennettsville, which became extinct in 
 1847. {See Marlboro' Lodge No. 88.) 
 
 Claremont Lodge No. 64, Sumterville, Sumter District. A war- 
 rant was granted for this Lodge, Sept. 5, 1854. A Past Master 
 having been appointed by the Grand Master to constitute the Lodge, 
 in the following December he proceeded to perform that duty, but 
 instead of installing the officers who had beeu named in the dispen- 
 sation and warrant, he permitted the Lodge to elect others, whom he 
 installed. The Grand Master, on learning this fact, suspended the 
 Lodge from further li bor until the matter could be laid before the 
 Grand Lodge. In 1855, the Grand Lodge declared the act 
 
 irregular, but as it I le erroneous instructions of the 
 
530 APPENDIX. 
 
 pi*oxy of the Grand Master, it legalized the transactions and ordered a 
 new warrant to be issued, with the names of the officers who had been 
 elected. Some of the members of the Lodge being dissatisfied with 
 this decision, made a formal complaint, when, on further consideration, 
 the Grand Master directed the warrant to be withheld, and issued a 
 new dispensation. The Grand Lodge on March 6, 1855, approved of 
 this act, and revoking its act of January, issued, March 6, 1855, a 
 warrant for " Claremont Lodge No. 61," at Sumter, directed to W. W. 
 Branson, W. 31, N. Lewis, S. W., and James Bell, J. W. The Lodge 
 is still in existence, and has a li. A. Chapter and R. and S. Council 
 connected with it. 
 
 In 1807, there was an Ancient York Lodge at Salem in Sumter 
 District, known as "No. 52." This Lodge continued with the revived 
 York Grand Lodge until 1817, when it acceded to the union of that 
 year. In the mean time it changed its place of meeting to Sumterville, 
 and is so recorded in the registry of 1817. After the union, its num- 
 ber was changed, and in the later registries it is known as "Sumter- 
 ville Lodge No. 26." In 1826 it was suspended, and the town 
 remained without a Lodge until the present one was organized. In 
 1823 there was a Lodge at Manchester, not far from Sumter, the war- 
 rant of which was given in that year to John Mayrant, W. M., Matthew 
 S. Moore, S. W., and David F. Wyles, J W. Manchester Lodge, 
 like the town itself, has become extinct. It was suspended in 1830. 
 
 Horry Lodge No. 65, Conwayboro, Horry District. The warrant 
 was granted March 5, 1844, to James Potter, W. M., Hartford Jones, 
 S. W., and Samuel Pope, J. W. Brother Congsdon writes as follows : 
 "The oldest citizen of the place, a lady, iuforms me that about the 
 year 1808, or 1810, her father used to meet with the Masons in an old 
 jail in this village, that Moses Floyd was then the Master, and that she 
 had often seen what, from her description, must have been its warrant." 
 Of this Lodge I can find no record. There was a Lodge, in 1807, at 
 Barfield's Saw Mills, on the Little Pee Dee, whose number was 22. 
 There might, however, have been a Lodge at Conwayboro between 
 1807 and 1817. The registry of 1817, of the Grand Lodge A. Y. M., 
 gives the numbers of forty-six Lodges which were at that time extinct. 
 Their locality is not, however, stated, for, in the olden times, there 
 seems to have been an unaccountable proclivity, on the part of the 
 writers of Masonic records, to give as little information as possible. 
 
APPENDIX. 537 
 
 Walhalla Lodge No. 66, Charleston. The warrant was granted 
 June 4, 1844, to J. A. Wagcner, W. M., J. J. Boesch, S. IE, and 
 C. Brunner, J. W. The Lodge was instituted by several German 
 Masons for the benefit of their countrymen who were not well 
 acquainted with the English language. It accordingly works in the 
 German tongue. At first it practiced a modification of the Berlin rite. 
 In 1847, in consequence of the Grand Lodge having restored certain 
 expelled Masons to membership, the majority of the Lodge returned 
 the warrant. It was, however, almost immediately restored to the 
 minority, on their petition, and on their consenting to work in the 
 York Rite. The history of these transactions will be found in the 
 preceding history, pp. 331, 333. 
 
 Harmony Lodge No. 67, Hamburg, Edgefield District. The 
 registry of the Grand Lodge of A. Y. M., for 1807, contains the 
 record of "Lodge No. 54 at Higgins' Ferry," which was on the Saluda 
 River in Edgefield District. There was, at the same time, a Lodge at 
 Campbellton, about two miles from the present site of the towu of 
 Hamburg, which bore the number 35. Both of these were Ancient 
 York Lodges, and took an active part in the revival of the Grand 
 Lodge of A. Y. M. in 1809. In 1817 Lodge No. 35 had become 
 extinct, but No. 54 was still in existence and acceded to the union 
 which took place in that year. The Lodge at Higgins' Ferry did not, 
 however, take out a new warrant, and its number was soon afterwards 
 transferred to Hamburg, for on the 22d April, 1824, a warrant was 
 granted to "Social Lodge No. 54," at Hamburg, and the jewels of the 
 late Campbellton Lodge No. 35 were ordered to be given to it Its 
 officers were Charles S. Mayson, W. 31, David L. Adams, S. IE, and 
 Stephen Minton, J. W. This Lodge was suspended in 1827, but con- 
 tinued to work a few years longer. In 1834 the Grand Secretary 
 reported that he had had an interview with two of its officers, who 
 informed him that no meetings had been held for several years, and 
 that there was no prospect of reviving the Lodge. The jewels and 
 warrant were said to be in safe hands, but they were never returned to 
 the Graud Lodge. In 1845 a warrant was granted for a new Lodge at 
 Hamburg, to be called " Harmony Lodge No. 67," and issued to S. M. 
 Bradford, W. 31, Benj. Baird, S. W., and W. II. Oakman, J. W. 
 The Lodge is still in existence. 
 
 Hiram Lodge No. 68, Anderson C. II, Anderson District. The 
 
538 APPENDIX. 
 
 warrant of this Lodge was granted September 7, 1847, to George 
 Seaborn, W. 31, Joseph D. Scott, S. IF., and John B. Wynne, J. W. 
 The Lodge was one of the numerous offshoots of Clinton Lodge No. 3, 
 at Abbeville, out of whose prolific bosom more Lodges have arisen 
 than out of any other Lodge in the State. Hiram Lodge has now 
 connected with it a R. A. Chapter and a R. and S. Council. 
 
 Ornan Lodge No. 69, Cedar lulls, Greenville District. The war- 
 rant was issued December 5, 1849, to David Jones, IP. 31., M. Berry, 
 S- W., and David Boyd, J. W. This Lodge was originally established 
 at Fork Shoals in the same District, but was a few years ago removed 
 to its present locality. It is in a flourishing condition. 
 
 SPARTAN LODGE, No. 70, Spartanburg C. B., Spartanburg Dis- 
 trict. In 1807, there was an Ancient York Lodge at the village of Spar- 
 tanburg, which bore the designation of 'No. 46." On the revival of 
 the Grand Lodge of A. Y. M., it united with it, declining to recognize 
 the uewly constituted Grand Lodge of S. C. In 1817 it was still in 
 existence. It neglected or declined at first to ratify the proceedings of 
 the two Grand Lodges, but December 17, 1819, it acceded to the 
 union and received a new warrant, taking the name and number of 
 "Spartanburg Lodge No. 24." In 1825 the Grand Secretary reports 
 it as "not heard from in several years," and in 1826 it is marked on 
 the registry as "extinct." On September 3, 1844, the Grand Lodge 
 received an application for a warrant for a new Lodge at Spartanburg 
 C. H. In this application, the nominations were Isaac Smith, W. 
 Ralph Smith, S. W., and William Smith, J. W. The Grand Lodge 
 ordered a warrant to be issued as soon as the petitioners should pr< I 
 the proper testimonials. This was never done, and the appli 
 passed over without further action. On December 4, 1849, a new 
 warrant was granted to "Spartan Lodge No. 70," and on January 17, 
 1850, the Lodge was publicly consecrated by the Grand Lecturer in 
 the Methodist Church, at the village of Spartanburg, with the follow- 
 ing officers: W. B. Seay, W. M., James S. Nolly, S. W., and W. W. 
 Boyd, J. W. 
 
 Egeria Lodge No. 71, Jedburg, Charleston District. The original 
 warrant of this Lodge was issued December 4, 1849. The Lodge was 
 at first situated at Ridgeville on the 8. C. Railroad, 31 miles from 
 Charleston, where it immediately erected a hall, which was consecrated 
 
APPENDIX. 539 
 
 by the Grand Lecturer, July 20, 1850. In January, 1852, the hall, 
 with nearly all of the property of the Lodge, including the warrant, 
 was destroyed by fire. The Lodge then removed to Jedburg, in the 
 neighborhood of Wassamassaw, where a new warrant was issued to 
 John Willson, W. M., J. C. McKcwn, S. W., and George Smith, 
 J. W. 
 
 St. David's Lodge No. 72, Darlington C. II., Darlington District. 
 In 1822 the Grand Master granted a dispensation to John L. McCul- 
 lough, IF. M., Enoch J. Evans, S. W., and John J. Edwards, J. W., 
 to open a Lodge at Society Hill, near Darlington C. H. Soon after the 
 Master and Senior Warden died, and the Grand Master granted a dis- 
 pensation to the Junior Warden and members to elect new officers. 
 On September 27, 1822, a warrant was ordered to be granted to the 
 said Lodge "on due application being made." I see nothing more in 
 the records couceming the Lodgo at Society Hill, but in the registry 
 of the same year "St. Alban's Lodge No. 38, at Darlington C. H," is 
 recorded. I presume, therefore, that the Lodge at Society Hill, ou the 
 election of its new officers, removed to the better and more populous 
 locality at Darlington village. In 1827, St. Alban's Lodge was sus- 
 pended, and was never revived. On December 4, 1819, a warrant was 
 granted for a new Lodge to be situated at Darlington C. H., to be de- 
 signated as "St. David's Lodge No. 72," and on January 31, 1850, 
 the Lodge was publicly constituted by the Grand Lecturer in the Baptist 
 Church of Darlington village, with the following officers: Geo. J. W. 
 McCall, W. M.. Edgar W. Charles, S. W„ and James S. McCall, J. 
 W. The members of the Lodge subsequently established a Chapter 
 and Council, both of which are now extinct. 
 
 Strict Observance Lodge No. 73. Charleston. The warrant of 
 this Lodge was issued March 5, 1850, to F. C. Barber, W. M, S. J. 
 Hull, 8. W. } and Langdon C. Duncan, J. W. On the 27th of the 
 following April the Lodge was solemnly constituted and the officers 
 installed by the Grand Master in person. An address was delivered 
 by A. G. Mackey, "and after the performances of the ceremonies the 
 day was concluded by a festive entertainment." The Lodge is now in 
 a flourishing and prosperous coudition. 
 
 WASHINGTON LODGE No. 74, Indian Hill, Abbeville District. The 
 warrant was granted September 3, 1850, and the Lodge was originally 
 
540 APPENDIX. 
 
 held at Millway, in Abbeville District. This not being found to be a 
 convenient or advantageous situation, the Lodge was, by permission of 
 the Grand Lodge, removed, in 1857, to Indian Hill, about 12 miles 
 from Abbeville C. H., where it still exists. 
 
 Union Lodge No. 75, Unionville, Union District, The warrant of 
 this Lodge was granted December 16, 1850, but, from not having been 
 officially applied for, it was not until November 1, 1853, that it was 
 issued to D. Goudelock, W. M., John L. Young, S. W., and W. T. 
 Thompson, J. TV. The Lodge had, however, been at work since Janu- 
 ary 17, 1851. Brother B. F. Arthur, late Master of No. 75, has 
 kindly supplied me with the following information: "A Lodge was 
 organized in this town in 1818. I have, in the archives of my Lodge, 
 the Charter of this Lodge, dated December 26, 1818, in which Zacha- 
 riah Reid is TV. 31., Richard Humphreys, S. TV., and A. W. Thom- 
 son, J. TV. This Lodge was abandoned about 1829. The minutes are 
 in possession of Lodge No. 75, and the last record is made on October 
 5, 1829. No authentic information can be obtained as to the cause of 
 its extinction. There is a tradition, however, that political causes pro- 
 duced its dissolution. There is, also, a tradition that a Lodge was 
 once in existence in this District not far from Pinckneyville, many years 
 ago, but no reliable information can be obtained concerning it." To 
 these items I can add only a few additional facts. There was, in 1817, 
 an Ancient York Lodge at Unionville, which was then known as " No. 
 75." I have not discovered the exact date of its institution, but it 
 must have been after 1807, as its name is not to be found in the regis- 
 try of that year. In 1817 it acceded to the union of Grand Lodges 
 which then took place, and, in 1818, took out a new warrant as "No. 
 48," which is the warrant mentioned by Brother Arthur. It paid its 
 annual dues, regularly, up to 1830, after which year it made no return, 
 although it continued to be represented in the Grand Lodge by a proxy 
 until the end of 1833. The Lodge was suspended in 1834, but I sup- 
 pose that it really never worked after 1830 or 1831. In 1807 there 
 was a Lodge of Ancient York Masons situated on Hughes Creek, Broad 
 Biver, Union District, which was designated as "No. 18." It was in 
 existence in 1817, and at the union in that year its number was 
 changed from 18 to 12. la 1823 it surrendered its warrant and 
 jewels. As Pinckneyville is also on Broad River, it is probable that 
 this was the Lodge which is alluded to by Brother Arthur as being 
 " not far from Pinckneyville." 
 
APPENDIX. 541 
 
 Landmark Lodge No. 76, Charleston. The warrant was issued 
 December 11, 1850, to John A. Gyles. W. M, Theo. S. Gourdin, & 
 IF., and Wm. A. Gourdin, J. W. The Lodge was formed out of 
 Solomon's Lodge No. 1, five of the Past Masters and five other mem- 
 bers having withdrawn from that Lodge to constitute Landmark 
 Lodge. 
 
 MACKEY Lodge No. 77, Harlecsvilk, Marion District. The warrant 
 was granted March 4, 1851, to S. J. Bcthea, II. J/., R. 0. Ilamev, 
 S. IF., and W. W. Sellers, ./. II'. The Lodge was principally formed 
 by members of Clinton Lodge No. 60 at Marion C. H. 
 
 Philanthropic Lodge No. 78, Yorkville, York District. From 
 some old records, for which I have been indebted to Brother Beattie, 
 P. M. of Lodge No. 78, I have collected many of the following facts 
 relating to Masonry in Yorkville. The first Lodge at that place was 
 organized on the recommendation of Phalanx Lodge No. 7, at Char- 
 lotte, N. C. The warrant was issued by the Grand Lodge of Ancieut 
 York Masons of South Carolina, on May 3, 1794, to Samuel Lowrie, 
 W. M., Matthew Boyers, S. W., aud John Gallagher, ,/. IF., to open 
 a Lodge at Yorkville, to be designated as " Lodge No. 32." The 
 Lodge was consecrated and the officers installed July 10, 1794. The 
 Lodge was then, as now, known as " Philanthropic Lodge." In 1809 
 it united with other Ancient Y'ork Lodges in strenuously opposing the 
 union of the two Grand Lodges and in reviving the Grand Lodge of 
 A. Y. M. It must have become dormant subsequent to this period, as 
 I fiud "Lodge No. 32" marked as extinct on the Ancient York regis- 
 try in 1817. Between 1818 and 1S20 it was revived, as in the regis- 
 try of the Grand Lodge of A. F. M., for the latter year, it is again 
 recorded as " Philanthropic Lodge No. 32." In 1828 it surrendered 
 its warraut, James Beatty being its last Master. From that time until 
 1851 Masonry was extinct in Yorkville. But, through the exertions 
 of Brother Beatty and a few other Masons, the order was revived in 
 the village, and March 4, 1851, a warrant was granted to Philanthropic 
 Lodge No. 78, its first officers being James Beatty, II'. J/., Klias J. 
 Meynardie, S. W., and Alfred Craven, J. W. The Lodge is now in 
 a flourishing condition, having one of the finest Lodge rooms in the 
 State, and there is in connection with it a Chapter of Royal Arch 
 Masons and a Council of Royal and Select Masters, 
 
542 APPENDIX. 
 
 Keowee Lodge No. 79, Pickens C. H., Pickens District. This 
 Lodge worked under a dispensation from August 9, 1851, to December 
 7, 1852, with the following officers : Jesse W. Norris, W. 31., W. H. 
 Trimmier, JS. W., and W. J. Neville, J. W. A warrant was issued 
 December 7, 1852, to William K. Easley, W. M., Wm. H. Trimmier, 
 iS. W., and Wm. L. Gresham, J. W. Many years ago there was, in 
 this vicinity, a clandestine Lodge, and as several of these spurious 
 bodies formerly infested the upper part of the State, I have great 
 pleasure in publishing an extract of a letter to me, from Brother Z. 
 W. Greene, M.D., Master of Lodge No. 79, which contains an account 
 of the one which was in the neighborhood of Pickensville. The facts 
 were derived from Brother Nicholson, who had been one of its mem- 
 bers. 
 
 " Butler Lodge was established in 1848 or 9. Its founder, one 
 James Fisher, who hailed from Spartanburg District, was the first 
 Master of this pseudo-masonic institution, and presided over it for a 
 twelvemonth or more. Fisher claimed that he belonged to a Lodge in 
 Spartanburg District, over which one Hiram Hall presided, and from 
 him he said that he derived his authority to organize the aforesaid 
 Butler Lodge. 
 
 " The meetings of the Lodge were in a little out-house, surrounded 
 by mountains which were rarely traversed, save by the huntsman, who 
 broke the stillness of the country by his echoing horn and sharp peal- 
 iug rifle. The land upon which the house was located belonged to 
 Moses Butler, after whose name the Lodge was called, and was situated 
 in Macon, now Jackson County, North Carolina, two miles beyond the 
 line of Pickens District, S. C 
 
 " After the resignation of Fisher, (who, by the way, was a very 
 illiterate man,) Stephen Nicholson, now a worthy member of Keowee 
 Lodge No. 79, was inaugurated as Master. This now venerable 
 Brother occupied the position a short time, but, becoming soon con- 
 vinced, by revelations from the " World's Wonder," and other sources, 
 that he was groping in darkness and error, he endeavored to persuade 
 his brethren that they were the dupes of an impostor, and importuned 
 them to abolish the Lodge and connect themselves with the pure and 
 Ancient Order. His efforts, however, were fruitless, and, after serving 
 in the capacity of Master for a few months, he resigned his office and 
 declined all further participation in their meetings. The Lodge then 
 began to give way, its firmest pillars refusing support, and but a few 
 months elapsed when it fell to rise no more." 
 
APPENDIX. 543 
 
 L 01 >GE No. 80, Cokesbury, Abbeville District. The war- 
 was issued June 3, 1851, to F. Gr. Thomas, ))'. M., 
 m Newton Sims, ./. IT. There never, previously, 
 
 had been a Lodge at this place, but one, erected many years ago, at 
 ffletown, about seven miles off, which has already been referred to 
 under the head of Clinton Lodge No. 3. The Lodge was named in 
 honor of the Rev. Henry B. Bascom, the celebrated Methodist divine. 
 The successful efforts of Bascom Lodge to establish a Masonic College 
 under its patronage, will always identity it with the cause of education 
 in this State. At a meeting on the 23d of August, 1857, the Lodge 
 resolved to establish a Female .Masonic College, and all its disposable 
 funds were pledged to the carrying out of this object, besides a private 
 subscription by the members, amounting to about $3,000. The corner 
 stone of a new building was laid with appropriate ceremonies on June 
 26, 1S54, and the ediGce, which is three stories high, being completed, 
 the exercises of the college commenced in it in the year 1856. Bro. 
 Strauss, the long continued Secretary of the Lodge, informs me that 
 since the college has been in operation six orphans, or children of 
 Master Masous, have annually received a gratuitous education on the 
 foundation. The college is still burthened with a debt, as it has 
 received comparatively little assistance from the Fraternity out of 
 Cokesbury. It, however, merits a warmer patronage, for, as the same 
 brother justly says, besides its intrinsic excellence there can be no 
 doubt that " the establishment of the college has done very much to 
 elevate the character of Masonry in the upper country." There is a 
 Chapter and Council connected with Bascom Lodge. 
 
 Calhoun Lodge No. 81, Glenn's (Springs, Spartanburg District. 
 The warrant was granted September 2, 1851, to Robert A. Catcs, W. 
 J/., Geo. A. Smith, S. W., and Eliaa Bearden, J. II'. The Lodge is 
 situated about twelve miles from Spartanburg C. II.. and any history 
 of Masonry conuected with this locality must be referred to Spartan 
 Lodge No. 70. 
 
 Caldwell Lodge No. 82, Liberty Hi//, Edgefield District. The 
 first Lodge that ever met at Liberty Bill was the old Edgefield Lodtre 
 No. 46, which first met at Abney's Store, then at Cambridge and 
 Kirkscy's Cross Roads, and finally moved, as I am informed by Brother 
 Talbert, to Liberty Hill, where, about 1829, it became extinct. 
 June oO, 1837, the Grand Lodge granted a warrant for the establish- 
 
5-y- APPENDIX. 
 
 meut of a new Lodge at this place, which was known as " Solomon's 
 Lodge No. 3." This Lodge hecame extinct in 1841. " In the year 
 1852," says Brother Talbert, " some members of Concordia Lodge, at 
 Edgefield C. H., residing at or near Liberty Hill, finding the distance 
 too great for them to attend as regularly as they wished, petitioned for 
 a renewal of the old warrant of Solomon's Lodge No. 3, which was 
 refused. A petition was then made for a new warrant, which was 
 granted." The warrant of Caldwell Lodge No. 82 was issued June 
 3, 1852, to John F. Burress, IF. 31., Wm. B. Dorn, S. IF, and B. 
 II. Howard, J. IF. The Lodge is now in a flourishing condition, and 
 has just completed a large and commodious hall. The name was 
 selected in honor of the late Chancellor Caldwell, formerly a Deputy 
 Grand Master of the State and a skilful and zealous Mason. 
 
 Little Pee Dee Lodge No. 83, Allen's Bridge, Marion District. 
 The warrant of this Lodge was granted September 2, 1851, to Evan 
 Lewis, IF. 31., B. Shooter, S. IF., and Geo. E. Shooter, J. IF. The 
 Lodge is, I believe, in a prosperous condition, but I have obtained no 
 information in relation to its Masonic history. 
 
 True Brotherhood Lodge No. 84, Columbia. The warrant of 
 this Lodge was issued Dec. 27, 1852, to Steuart A. Godman, IF. 31., 
 Charlton H. Wells, S. IF., and John A. Moore, J. IF. This Lodge 
 was organized principally by members of Richland Lodge No. 39. 
 See the account of that Lodge for any notices of Masonry in Columbia. 
 
 Flint Hill Lodge No. 85, Gladden'* Grove, Fairfield District. 
 The warrant of this Lodge was granted June 4, 1852, to A. F. Lump- 
 kin, IF 31., P. H. Pickett, S. IF, and John McCully, J. IF The 
 Lodge first met at a place called Pea Ridge, aud was then known as 
 "Pea Ridge Lodge No. 85." In 1854 it removed to Flint Hill and 
 received permission to change its name. In 1861 it was removed to 
 Gladden' s Grove, where it is now situated. 
 
 Roslin Lodge No. 86, Lowndesville, Abbeville District. The war- 
 rant of this Lodge was granted dune 4, 1852, to John Brownlee, IF. 
 
 31., John C. Spear, S. IF, and , J. IF. This is one of 
 
 the numerous offspring of Clinton Lodge No. 3, at Abbeville C. H. 
 The Lodge, I presume, derives its name from the St. Clairs, of Roslin, 
 who were for many generations the hereditary Grand Masters of Scot- 
 land. 
 
APPENDIX. 54 £ 
 
 Amity Lodge No. 87, Newberry C. II, Netiiberrg District. In 
 1807 Lodge No. 53 met at Hogg's Store, near the Enoree River, in 
 Newberry District, under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of A. 
 Y. M. I find a communication, in 1800, from Lewis Hog<r, as Master 
 of this Lodge, to the committee of Lodge No. 31, in Charleston, in 
 which, in behalf of the Lodge, he declares its opposition to the union 
 of Grand Lodges which had taken place the year before, and its wish 
 to assist in the revival of the Grand Lodge of A. Y. M.' Accordingly 
 it was represented at the Convention held in May, 1800, at Columbia, 
 which reorganized the Ancient York Grand Lodge. In 1817 Lodge 
 No. 53 concurred in the permanent union that was then effected, and 
 took from the United Grand Lodge of A. F. M. a new warrant, with 
 2/ for its number. Its last return was made in 1821, and in 1826 it 
 was declared to be suspended. I think it probable that it had become 
 extinct soon after 1821. 
 
 In 1807 there was a York Lodge at Newberry C. II., numbered as 
 43, which became extinct between that year and 1817. On March 
 16, 1821, the Grand Lodge granted a warrant for its revival with a 
 new number, 11. The officers of this Lodge were Young J. Harring- 
 ton, W. M., James Fernandes, S. W., and William Wilson, ./. W. 
 In 1823, on the application of the Lodge, its number was changed 
 from 11 to 44, the former being given to a Lodge at Winnsboro. °Of 
 this Lodge two Chancellors of the State were Fast Masters, Job John- 
 ston and James J. Caldwell. The Lodge made no returns after 1826 
 and was suspended in 1830. Masonry was then dormant at Newberry 
 for about twenty-three years, when, through the zeal and energy of 
 Brother E. S. Bailey, who had recently removed there, a new Lodge 
 was established, and March 1, 1853, a warrant was granted to E S 
 Bailey, W. M., W. B. McKellar, S. W., and J. M. Phillips, J W 
 to open "Amity Lodge No. 87." The Lodge is now in a flourish- 
 ing condition, with a fine hall, and has a Chapter of 11. A. Masons 
 and a Council of R. and S. Masters connected with it. 
 
 Marlboro Lodge No. 88, BennettsviUc, Marlboro District. The 
 first Lodge established at Bennettsville was « De Kalb Lodge No. 63," 
 the warrant for which was granted March 7, 1843. This Lodge docs 
 not appear to have been successful, and in 1847 it forfeited its war- 
 rant. It had, however, I learn, ceased to work in 1845, in conse- 
 quence of the death of its officers. On March 1, 1853, a warrant was 
 granted to David S. Harlec, IF. Jf., James E. David, S. W and 
 
546' APPENDIX. 
 
 Moses E. Cox, J. W., for a new Lodge at Bennettsvilie, which Was 
 named " Marlboro Lodge No. 88." This Lodge is still in existence, 
 and in a very prosperous condition. Two Lodges, Nos. 33 and 43, 
 have sprung from it, the one ten and the other seven miles from Ben- 
 nettsvilie. 
 
 Bascomville Lodge No. 89, Bascomville, Chester District. The 
 warrant of this Lodge was granted May 1, 1853, to James Heath, 
 W. 31. , Chappel Kussel, S. W., and R. F. Fudge, J. W. I have 
 obtained no information of the forme? existence of any Lodge at this 
 place. The early Masonic history of the place must be connected with 
 that of Chester, from which it is only 18 miles distant. 
 
 Caldwell Lodge No. 90, Calhoun's Mills, Abheville District. 
 The warrant of this Lodge was granted March 1, 1853, to T. A. 
 
 Rogers, W. M., , S. W., and — , J. W. 
 
 The Lodge is one of the offshoots of Clinton Lodge No. 3. It derives 
 its name, like that of No. 82, from the late Chancellor Caldwell, Past 
 Deputy Grand Master. 
 
 Greenwood Lodge No. 91, Grcemoood, Abheville District. The 
 warrant of this Lodge was granted December 6, 1853, to James Gil- 
 lam, W. 3L, J. R. Tarrant, & W., and B. F. Corley, ./. W. This 
 Ledge was organized principally by members of Bascoin Lodge No. 
 80, from which it is only about nine miles distant. 
 
 Blue Ridge Lodge No. 92, Walhalla, Pickens District, was 
 granted November 17, 1859, to C. H. Spears, W. 31., J. W. F. Thomp- 
 son, S. W., and J. W. Garrett, J. W. In July, 1860, the Lodge was 
 duly constituted by Brother George Seaborn, P. M. of Lodge No. 34, 
 as the special proxy of the Grand Master. 
 
 St. Andrew's Lodge No. 93, St. Jago tie Cuba, Island of Cuba. 
 The warrant of this Lodge was granted November 17, 1859, to Pedro 
 Ferrer Landa, W. 31., Juan Bernardo Bravo, S. W., and Geronimo 
 Puente, J. TV. The Lodge was constituted by the Grand Lodge of 
 South Carolina for the purpose of establishing, with two other Lodges 
 already existing on the island, a Grand Orient of Cuba. This object 
 having been accomplished, St. Andrew's Lodge has been withdrawn 
 from this jurisdiction. 
 
APPENDIX. 547 
 
 The Grand Lodge of South Carolina has, on two other occasions, 
 granted warrants fur opening Lodges in Cuba. On March 27, 1818, a 
 warrant was granted to La Constancia Lodge No. 50, aud March 31, 
 181!), to La Amenidad Lodge No. 52, both in the city of Havana. 
 Both Lodges, in a few years, surrendered their warrants in consequence 
 of the religious and political persecutions to which they were subjected 
 by the Roman Church and the Spanish Colonial Government. 
 
 . Acacia Lodge No. 94, Columbia, Richland District. The warrant 
 of this Lodge was granted November 17, 1859, to 0. M. Roberts, W. 
 JL, J. II. Doatwright, S. 11., and P. S. Jacobs, ./. W. For the his- 
 tory of Masonry in Columbia, see Richland Lodge No. 39. 
 
 Etiwan Lodge No. 96, Mount Pleasant, Qhar lesion District. The 
 warrant of this Lodge was granted November 17, 1859, to S. H. D. 
 Corbett, W. M., Tho. D. Jervey, S. W., and II. Cranston, J. W. 
 The Lodge is situated in the village of Mount Pleasant, Charleston 
 Harbor, and was organized by members of several of the city Lodges, 
 who found it inconvenient to attend, across the bay, at the Communi- 
 cations of their respective Lodge--. 
 
 Franklin Lodge No. 96, Charleston. The warrant of this Lodge 
 was granted November 20, 1860, to David Ramsay, W. .)/., Samuel 
 J. Lord, S. W., and J. Legare .Jones, J. W. The name was selected 
 in compliment to the many printers who united in the organization of 
 the Lodge. 
 
 Coleman Lodge No. 97, I caster dlle, Fairfield District. The 
 warrant of this Lodge was granted November 20, 1860, to J. C. C 
 Feaster, W. M., R. W. Coleman, S. W., aud J. F. Coleman, J. W. 
 Notices of the early history of Masonry in Fairfield District will be 
 found under the head of Winnsboro Lodge No. 11. 
 
 American Lodge No. 98, Gillisonville, Beaufort District. The 
 warrant of this Lodge was granted November 20, 1860, to T. Y. 
 Buckner, W. M., D. T. Williams, S. W., and J. B. Porcher, J. W. 
 I have no knowledge of the existence of any previous Lodge in this 
 village, but we have the record that three were formerly established in 
 the vicinity. In the year 1807 Lodge No. 26 met at Jacksonboro, and 
 Lodirc No. 39 at Coosawhatchie. Roth of these were Ancient York 
 
,-,-J-S ArPEXDIX. 
 
 Lodges. The Lodge at Jacksonboro refused to concur in the union of 
 Grand Lodges in 1808, and, on the revival of the Grand Lodge of A. 
 Y. M., continued on its registry until 1817, when it consented to the 
 union of that year. In December, 1818, it was represented in the 
 Grand Lodge by its proxy, but I find no further mention of it, and as 
 its name does not appear on the registry of 1820, which was the first 
 published after the union, I presume that between 1818 and 1820 it 
 had become extinct. 
 
 I have not learned when Lodge No. 39 was first organized, but 
 Negrin, in his list of York Lodges, published in 1807, says that the 
 number of members was then between forty and fifty, so that it must 
 then have been for some time in operation. He gives the names of 
 the following officers: Tho. Deveaux, W. 31, Geo. Taylor, JS. W., 
 John J. Wright, J. W., Chas. J. Jenkins, Treas., John Riley, Sec, 
 Benj. H. Mark, Tiler. The designation of the Lodge was " Fellow- 
 ship Lodge No. 39," as I find from its correspondence in 1809 with St 
 John's Lodge at Charleston. It refused to submit to the union of 
 1808, and continued on the registry of the revived Grand Lodge of A. 
 Y. M. In the registry of that Grand Lodge, in 1817, Lodge No. 39 
 is marked "extinct." The exact date of its extinction I have been 
 unable to learn, but, of course, it was between 1809 and 1817. I make 
 no account of its being named in Hardie's list of 1818, nor in Webb's 
 of 1821, because it is notorious that these lists of Lodges collated out- 
 side of a jurisdiction are of no authority. 
 
 The third Lodge in the vicinity of American Lodge No. 98 was 
 situated at or near Pocotaligo. I find no mention of any Lodge at 
 Pocotaligo before March, 1818, when it was stated that " Mount Hope 
 Lodge No. 80" (which is subsequently called " the Lodge at Pocotali- 
 go,") had applied to the late Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons 
 for permission to revive that Lodge, which was granted. This applica- 
 tion must have been made in 1817, because the highest number on the 
 registry of that Grand Lodge, in that year, was 79. In consequence 
 of the union that immediately afterwards took place, it was found 
 necessary to repeat the application to the Grand Lodge of A. F. M., 
 which body granted a warrant for the revival of "Mount Hope Lodge 
 No. 48," directed to Gresham Smyth, W. M. Now, what Lodge was 
 it that was thus revived ? There is no record of any Lodge having 
 ever before been held at Pocotaligo. But Brother Buckner, the Mas- 
 ter of American Lodge, informs me that the old Coosawhatchie Lodge was 
 situated en Tulifinny Hill, about two miles from Coosawhatchie, and 
 
APPENDIX. 549 
 
 that he had never heard of a Lodge being immediately in Coosaw- 
 hatchie. Now, Mount Hope Lodge No. 48 is uniformly recorded, 
 from the time of its receiving a new warrant in 1818, as being situated 
 at "Pocotaligo, Tulifinny Hill." I think, therefore, that there can 
 be no doubt that Mount Hope Lodge No. 48, at Pocotaligo, was a 
 revival of Fellowship Lodge No. 39, at Coosawhatchie. Lodge No. 48 
 became extinct about the year 1830. 
 
 Star Lodce No. 99, Graniteville, Edgefield District. The war- 
 rant of this Lodge was granted November 20, 1860, to P. A. 
 
 Boddie, IF. .1/., , S. W., and , ./. 11'. 
 
 The Lodge received its dispensation in 1859, but, at the Communica- 
 tion of the Grand Lodge in that year, a warrant was refused on the 
 ground that the Lodge had, while under dispensation, conferred the 
 degrees on a candidate who was physically disqualified. On proper 
 representations being made, the dispensation was continued for another 
 year, and the warrant granted at the next Communication of the Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 Monticello Lodge No. 100, Monticello, Fair field District. The 
 warrant of this Lodge was granted November 20, 1860, to H. II. 
 Chappell, IF. M., Thompson Chappell, S. W., and S. R. Martin, ./. W. 
 If there be any early history of Masonry in this vicinity it must be 
 connected with Winnsboro Lodge No. 11, from which the Lodge is not 
 very distant. 
 
 EBENEZEB Lodge No. 101, Marietta, Greenville District. The 
 warrant of this Lodge was granted November 20, 1860, to M. P. 
 Dickey, W. M., G. W. McCarrellj S. 11'., and J W. Boling, ./. W. 
 This Lodge is only 12 miles from Greenville C. II., and is an offshoot 
 from Kecovery Lodge in that village. 
 
 Freemason's Hall Company. This association was so intimately 
 connected, in its organization and objects, with the cause of Free- 
 masonry in this State, that a brief sketch of it may be considered as 
 germane to the present work. Several Ancient York Masons, having 
 long felt the necessity of a place of meeting for the various Masonic 
 bodies in the city, determined to establish an association or joint stock 
 company in Charleston, whose object should be to build a Freemason's 
 Hall. Accordingly, on June 17, 1818, the four following brethren, 
 
55fl ArrF.xmx. 
 
 Wm. Loughton Smith, Frederick Dalcho, T. W. Bacot, and L. T. 
 Raynal, met at the house of T. W. Bacot, to take the preliminary 
 measures for the organization of such an association. They determined 
 to form a joint stock company, and resolved that for that purpose a sub- 
 scription should be opened for 1000 shares at $25 each. An address 
 was prepared by Dr. Dalcho, and the plan app2ars to have met with the 
 approbation of the Craft in general, as well as of the Grand Lodge of 
 Ancient York Masons, as the latter body appointed a "Grand Commit- 
 tee " to mature the plan and obtain subscriptions. The Free and Ac- 
 cepted Masons were permitted to subscribe after the books had been 
 first presented to the York Masons, but the union, which soon took 
 place, obliterated all distinction on that subject in the city. Seven 
 hundred and eight shares having been subscribed, a general meeting of 
 the stockholders was convened in the Grand Lodge Room, at Mead's 
 Hotel, on November 21, 1808, when it was resolved that the manage- 
 ment of the affairs of the company should be entrusted to eleven di- 
 rectors, and that the design of the association should be " the erection 
 of a Freemason's Hall for the accommodation of the Grand Lodge of 
 South Carolina and the Subordinate Lodges in this city under its juris- 
 diction." The directors were also authorized, if the state of the funds 
 would permit, " to include in the building contemplated, a suite of 
 rooms for the accommodation of the St. Cecelia and other societies." 
 On November 28, 1808, a Board of Directors was elected, and Win. 
 Loughton Smith was chosen President. In 1811 the company pur- 
 chased, from M. A. Waring, for $7,500, a lot in Broad street opposite to 
 the site now occupied by the Hall of the St. Andrew's Society. In 
 December, 1812, the association was incorporated by the Legislature, 
 and authority was granted to it to raise ten thousand dollars by a lot- 
 tery. In 1816 au effort was made to unite with the Charleston Library 
 Society in the erection of a Hall, and committees of conference were 
 appointed by both bodies, but they failed to come to any satisfactory 
 agreement. In 1817 the company took the preliminary steps for 
 drawing a lottery, but they were not carried into effect. Subsequently, 
 offers were made by lottery venders, in New York and Baltimore, to 
 take the right and pay a reasonable sum for it, but none of these ar- 
 rangements were successful. In 1818 the Board sold their lot in Broad 
 street for $10,000, and, on their petition, the City Council consented to 
 provide a lot at the North side of the City Square, where, I suppose, 
 the fire proof buildings now stand, and jointly with the company to 
 erect a Hall, the company consenting to contribute $20 ; 000. But this 
 
Am:xr>i\. ,,,-,{ 
 
 scheme, also, subsequently failed. In 1819 the company purchased a 
 lot, with buildings on it, in Meeting street, on part of which the 
 Charleston Club House now stands, from the rent of which for some 
 years they derived a profitable revenue. In 1827 the Graud Lodge 
 having petitioned the Legislature for permission to draw a lottery, the 
 company took offence at this interference with the object of their asso- 
 ciation, and from that time the Freemason's Hall Company began to 
 show symptoms of dissolution. The shares were returned, as far as 
 called for, and, many years afterwards, the sum of six hundred dollars, 
 being the result of unclaimed dividends, was paid into the treasury of 
 the Grand Lodge. Thus, for nineteen years, this association existed, 
 having but one object in view, the erection of a Masonic Hall. Its 
 efforts, we know, were wholly unsuccessful, and perhaps its managers 
 were wanting in boldness and capacity, to seize the advantages which 
 presented themselves. But we cannot withhold our grateful admiration 
 of the zeal of the men who labored so long, without any personal remu- 
 neration, in the cause of their Order, and whom, for all that period, no 
 failure seemed to discourage and no obstacles to appal. They yielded 
 only when they thought that further effort would be useless, and when 
 they believed that they had found, iu the Grand Lodge which they 
 were serving, a competitor in the same design. 
 
INDEX 
 
 ■A-' V.KQE 
 
 Abbeville Lodge No. 3 56, 225 
 
 Aoaoia Lodge No. 94 462, 547 
 
 Adams, John, eulogy ou 209 
 
 Advancement of Candidates 330 
 
 Advertisement, first Masonic 2!) 
 
 Aliiman Rezon, Daloho's 137, 156, 163 
 
 " '• Dennett's SO 
 
 " •• Mackey's 377 
 
 Alexander, Herr. 329 
 
 Alexander, J. J., Grand Master 246 
 
 " address by 257 
 
 Allen Lodge No. 38 525 
 
 American Lodgo No. 98 469, 547 
 
 Amity Lodge No. 87 396, 545 
 
 Ancient and Accepted Rite 494 
 
 Ancient Masons, first notice of 53 
 
 " G. L. of organized. ..130 
 
 Anderson's Constitutions 70 
 
 Annual Communication, first 444 
 
 Appeal by third parties 424 
 
 Appendix 505 
 
 Apron, Grand Master's 212 
 
 Arrears :i22 
 
 Asylum, Orphans' 188, 199 
 
 Atliol Masons 53 
 
 Aurora Lodge No. 33 523 
 
 15. 
 
 Bacot, T. W 108 
 
 G. Master...l30, 136. 143,148 
 
 " addressof 132 
 
 death of 243 
 
 Ball, Masonic 298, 326 
 
 Ballotings 372. 393 
 
 Baltimore Convention 306 
 
 Banquets, Grand Lodge 1 10 
 
 Barker. John 171 
 
 unville Lodge No. 89 397, 546 
 
 Beaufort, Lodge al 22 
 
 BeckhamBville Lodge No. 16 173, 515 
 
 Blackville Lodge No. 63 469, 535 
 
 Blue Ridge Lodge No. 92 162, 546 
 
 Boston, Grand Lodge at II 
 
 Buford Lodge No. 27 
 
 Buist, Henry, G. Master 439, 452, 161 
 
 address by i<>7 
 
 Butlei 59..... 534 
 
 By-Laws for ] :-' I 
 
 C. 
 
 Caldwi 11, J. J . death i f 
 
 11 Lodge No. 82 
 
 Xo. 90 
 
 36 
 
 Calhoun Lodge No. 81 543 
 
 Calhoun Monument 448 
 
 Campbell, B. R., Graud Master 168 
 
 Carew, J. E., address 818 
 
 Carnarvon, his deputation 28 
 
 Case, Albert, address 285 
 
 Casting vote 336 
 
 Catawba Lodge No. 56 462. 533 
 
 Cemetery, Masonic 374 
 
 Centennial Anniversary 402, 416 
 
 Centre Lodge No. 37 439, 525 
 
 Cerncau, Joseph 174 
 
 Certificates, Grand Lodge 217 
 
 Charity Fund 154, 159 
 
 Charity Lodge No. 62 300, 439, 535 
 
 Charles, E. W., Grand Master 382 
 
 Charleston, first Lodge in 1 
 
 Cheraw Lodge No. 15 303, 514 
 
 Chester Lodge No. 18 404, 516 
 
 Church mil Lodge No. 19 156 
 
 Claiborne Lodge No. 53 1 13, 531 
 
 Claremont Lodge No. 64 406, 1-- 
 
 Clergymen - >M > 
 
 exempted from fees 1 39 
 
 Cleveland. \V. L., Grand Master 396 
 
 Clinton Lodge No. 60 239, 31 
 
 Cogdell, J. >^.. G. Master 150, 156, 168 
 
 ** address of 179 
 
 Cogdell, R. V. r .. Grand Master 230 
 
 Cokesbury Masonic College 157 
 
 Coleman Lodge No. 97 467. 547 
 
 Collier's Lodge 405 
 
 Columbia, Convention at 436 
 
 G, L. to on ■ al 1 ! I 
 
 Columbia, meetings of G. L there.. .146, 
 [50, 15 I, 167, 189, 203, 217. 232, 
 
 Columbia Lodge No. 39 155, 217 
 
 Commission appointed by (•'. 1 187 
 
 Concordia Lodge No. 50 315, 530 
 
 Congresses, Masonic 446 
 
 ation of G. L 145, 399, 142, 
 
 161, 465 
 
 Convention of Ancient Y. Masons 66 
 
 Convention of A. Y. M. to revive G. 
 
 L. A. V. M 101 
 
 Corner-stones lajd 92, 220, 256, W3 
 
 Counsel employed by G. L. to defend a 
 
 committee 
 
 Jeremy L 214 
 
 C Masonry in .-. C ISO 
 
 1>. 
 
 Dalcho, Frederick 177, If 
 
 memoir of 251 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Deas, John, Prov. G. M 53 
 
 DoKalb Lodge No. 64 303 
 
 DeKalb, monument to 197 
 
 Dermott, Laurence 60 
 
 DeSaussure, H. A., Grand Master... 235, 
 
 237, 239, 242 
 
 Dispensations prohibited 427 
 
 " by Deputy G. M 386 
 
 Disputes with Ancient York Masons 95 
 
 District Deputy Grand Masters 317 
 
 Dissensions in Grand Lodge 174 
 
 Documents on Sublime Masonry 176 
 
 Donation, Masonic ..17, 380 
 
 Dorchester, Lodge at 32 
 
 Dormant Lodges, funds of 240 
 
 Due Bills prohibited 255 
 
 Duelling 350 
 
 E. 
 
 Ebenczer Lodgo No. 100 469, 549 
 
 Eckhard, G. B., Grand Master 310 
 
 Edwards, E. II., G. Master.. .278, 296, 301 
 
 Effingham Lodge No. 45 529 
 
 Egeria Lodge No. 71 371, 538 
 
 Elliott, Barnard, Grand Master 50 
 
 Encyclical Letter of Grand Lodge 351 
 
 Etiwan Lodgo No. 95 462, 547 
 
 Eureka Lodge No. 43 523 
 
 " No. 47 530 
 
 Eyland, James, Grand Master 232 
 
 Fees of initiation 148, 185, 304 
 
 Fellowship Lodge No. 50 217 
 
 Eire in Charleston 17, 263 
 
 Eire Loan 277 
 
 Flint Hill Lodge No. 85 544 
 
 Eranklin Lodge No, 2 507 
 
 « " No. 96 469,547 
 
 Fraternity Lodge No. 35 524 
 
 Free and Accepted Masons, G. L. of.. 50, 93 
 
 Freemasons' Hall Company 262, 549 
 
 Friendship Lodsre No. 9 145, 511 
 
 " No. 25 519 
 
 Funeral Procession, first in S. C 26 
 
 Funnan, C. M., Grand Master 261. 
 
 265. 272*, 333, 337 
 
 Galloway, James 187 
 
 Geddes, John, Graud Master 189 
 
 " ' " address 190 
 
 " funeral 322 
 
 General Graud Lodge... 166, 169, 323, 348 
 
 Geometry, essay on 23 
 
 town, corner-stone of hall at...2!5 
 
 ,l 1 Intention Lodge No. 17 155 
 
 Gourdiu, T. S., report of committee. ...439 
 
 Graeme, James, Prov. G. Master 10 
 
 Grand Chapter of :- : . C 473 
 
 Grand Coun I 84 
 
 d Lodge A. Y. M., organ iz< d 56 
 
 PA SB 
 
 Grand Lodge A. Y. M., incorporated 71 
 
 " " united with G. L. of 
 
 S. C 88,93 
 
 " " Convention to revive 101 
 
 " ' " incorporated again 117 
 
 Grand Lodge F. and A. M # ., true date 
 
 of organization 51 
 
 " " incorporated 71 
 
 " " united with A. Y. M...88, 93 
 
 Grand Lodge A. F. M. organized 130 
 
 " seal 138 
 
 " " incorporated 139 
 
 Grand Lodgo S. C. organized 93 
 
 " " united with revived A. 
 
 Y. M 130 
 
 Greenville, G. L. meets at 463 
 
 Greenwood Lodge No. 91 546 
 
 H. 
 
 Hall, Masonic.203, 204, 215, 218, 223, 
 
 229, 271, 274 
 " " at end of market. ..245, 248 
 
 " " present one 275,456 
 
 " " corner-stone 277 
 
 " " dedicated 281 
 
 Hammcrtun, J., Prov. Grand Master 5 
 
 Harmony Lodge No. 17 295, 322, 515 
 
 " ' " No. 20 517 
 
 " " No. 22 45L 
 
 " No. 61 517 
 
 " No. 67 537 
 
 Hams, T. M 24(1 
 
 Hiram Lodge No. 68 537 
 
 History of Masonry 455, 468 
 
 Home, Masonic 456 
 
 Horry Lodge No. 65 31 
 
 Humility Lodge No. 12 51:! 
 
 Hunt, B. F., Graud Master,. .2 12, 218, 256 
 
 Illiterates, initiation of 350 
 
 Inglesby, W. H., addresses 243, 291 
 
 Independent Lodge No. 23 518 
 
 Inspectors 144, 106, 20S 
 
 Instruction. Lodge of....237, 238. 296, 299 
 
 Introduction of Masonry into S. C 1 
 
 living, John D., Grand Master 318 
 
 '■ ■• addresses of., ....233, :'.12 
 
 jr. 
 
 Jackson Lodge No. £3 532 
 
 Javain, Peter 174 
 
 Jefferson, eulogy on 209 
 
 Jewelry, Masonic, earlv use of 25 
 
 Johnson Lodge No. 32". 523 
 
 Johnson, David, Grand Master 2U4 
 
 KI. 
 
 Keowee Lodge No. 79 379 
 
 lo. 2!) 521 
 
 Kingstrec Lodge No. 46 
 
INDEX 
 
 King Solomon's Lodge No. 15 1 55 
 
 Knight Templarism in 8. C 487 
 
 La Candour Lodge. No. 36 38 I 
 
 Lancaster, Lodge at 181 
 
 Lance, AVm., address 226 
 
 Lafayette... 196, 19S 
 
 Lajdmark Lodge No. 76 375. 541 
 
 LaureDsville, Lodge at 17."> 
 
 Law of qualifications of candidates. .156, 
 
 188 
 
 " of suspend d Masons 2:>2 
 
 •• of election of officers....l58, 169, 183 
 
 " of restoration 173, 195 
 
 " of warrants 185 
 
 •• of fundsof extinct Lodges 185 
 
 •• ut' promulgating Lodge business.. 1S9 
 
 '• of expulsions 196 
 
 ■ of G. L. jurisdiction 204 
 
 " of examinations 217 
 
 •• of eertdfii ates 217 
 
 ■• of petitions 231 
 
 •• *i. L. will not explain any 158 
 
 Lebanon Lodge No. 18 530 
 
 Lecturer, Grand 164, 167, 171. 173, 
 
 182, iss. 310, 316, 320, 151 
 
 Lecturers, itinerant 402, 467 
 
 Lectures, unauthorized, prohibited li'>"> 
 
 Leigh, Peter, Prov. Q. Master 27 
 
 Leigh, Sir Egerton, Prov. G. Master, ...42 
 " of his character. ...49 
 
 Library oi Grand Lodge 229 
 
 •■ * of Lodges 424 
 
 Little P< Dee Lodge No. &3 544 
 
 Little River, 181 
 
 ild to Theatre Company 244 
 
 225 
 
 Louisiana, G. L. of 354 
 
 Lom eton 310 
 
 M. 
 
 i y, A. <;.. addresses by..302, 371, 394 
 dcscripti\ e disoourse... 106 
 
 Mackey Lodge No. 52 462, 531 
 
 •' No. 77 377,541 
 
 . Lodge at 1 73 
 
 Marine Lodge 39 
 
 Marlboro' L 396, 5 15 
 
 at Society 
 
 i i annot bo tried 316 
 
 39 
 
 McCosh, Joseph 176 
 
 McDonald, A! s 2) 
 
 Mendicant 
 
 Mexico, G. L. of 107, 209 
 
 .Milk-r, A. K, i.. Master 362, 371, 374 
 
 
 
 351 
 
 hn 17/> 
 
 2 
 
 Mt. Morion Lodge No. 5S 469 
 
 Mt. Vernon I 1'J 
 
 Ml. Willing Lodge No. 57 462, 533 
 
 KT. 
 
 New York, G. L. of 335 
 
 " " " schism in 365 
 
 Nobbs, Samuel 95 
 
 Norris, J. C, Grand Master 324 
 
 O. 
 
 Oral instruction only to be used 426 
 
 Orange Lodge No. 14 51 1 
 
 Orangeburg Lodge No. 28 520 
 
 Orator for St. John's day 182 
 
 Oman Lodge No. 69 ." 371. 538 
 
 Palmetto Lodge No. 19. ..159, 160, 362, 516 
 
 Panama, Lodge at 379 
 
 Past Masters 69, 369, 457. 465 
 
 Payne, Seth, address 84 
 
 i'ii Lodge No 34 52." 
 
 Philanthropic Lodge No. 78 379, 541 
 
 Phillips, St. John, address 237 
 
 Poinsett, Joel R 209 
 
 Port Royal Lodge 22 
 
 Price, Alfred, Grand Master.. .4U 1. U5, 
 
 i : ' Jerusalem 496 
 
 Provincial Grand Lodge 11, 27 
 
 Provincial Grand Master 4 
 
 Proxies 70, 375. 401, 41 i, 
 
 Prudence Lodge No. 35, {incorrectly 
 
 printt if Providence) 184, 185 
 
 Pythagorean Lodge No. 21 517 
 
 Q. 
 
 Qualifications of Candidates 156 
 
 Quarterly Communication, the last 443 
 
 Quitman, J. A 
 
 11. 
 
 Hall 268 
 
 Reconsideration of petitions 398 
 
 362, 522 
 
 Pet, .nn.'. 42 . i- 
 
 Relief Lodge 466 
 
 nts, initiation of $6 i 
 
 mtative System 
 
 32, 3 19, .">ti-i 
 
 ■ 522 
 
 rasure from 443 
 
 
 
 Royal 480 
 
 I7n 
 
 id 59 
 
 61 
 
550 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Seyle's Hall 159 
 
 Shepkeard's Tavern first Lodge room 7 
 
 Shields, James 337 
 
 Smith, Benj., Prov. G. Master 37 
 
 Social Lodge No. 54 229 
 
 Solomon's Lodge No. 1 3, 507 
 
 " " No. 3 255 
 
 Sorrow Lodge ' 224 
 
 Spartan Lodge No. 70 371, 538 
 
 Star Lodge No. 99 469, 549 
 
 State first used for Province 50 
 
 St. Andrew's Lodge No. 10 204, 512 
 
 " " No. 93 546 
 
 St. David's Lodge No. 72 371, 539 
 
 St. George's Lodge 32 
 
 St. John's day first celebrated 11 
 
 St. John's Lodge No. 13 255, 514 
 
 " " No. 31 95 
 
 " " No. 41 439,528 
 
 St. Mark's Lodge.... 38 
 
 St. Peter's Lodge No. 54 462, 533 
 
 Strict Observance Lodge No. 73 539 
 
 Suits at law among Masons 428 
 
 Supreme Council 323 
 
 Sword, Grand Pursuivant's 31 
 
 T. 
 
 Thayer, E., address 403 
 
 Theatre, Masons attend it 7 
 
 Transient Candidates 380 
 
 " members 216 
 
 True Brotherhood Lodge No. 84 544 
 
 Tucker, C. S., Lecturer 164 
 
 Tyrian Lodge No. 42 528 
 
 IT. 
 
 Union Kilwinning Lodgo No. 4 35. 
 
 46, 48, 49 
 
 Union of S. C. Masons in 180S S8, 93 
 
 " its effects 104, 108 
 
 " " articles of 89 
 
 " " dissolved in 1809 95 
 
 " "' opinions G. Li. U. S ..110 
 
 Union of S. C. Masons in 1817 119 
 
 " " " articles of 123 
 
 " " " consummated.. .130 
 
 Union Lodge No. 34 156, 511 
 
 " " No. 75 375,540 
 
 Unity Lodge No. 55 202, 533 
 
 Vinton, David, Grand Lecturer 164 
 
 Visitation, right of 304 
 
 Voting by show of hands 394, 400 
 
 Voting, right of 304 
 
 W. 
 
 Walhalla Lodge No. 66 315, 331, 334 
 
 Wallace Lodge No. 49 530 
 
 Wambaw Lodge No. 47 216 
 
 War, no celebration on account of 36 
 
 Washington and Masons of S. C 80 
 
 " address to him 81 
 
 " his reply 81 
 
 " funeral obsequies in S. C...82 
 " monument to. ...202, 208, 372 
 " initiation, celebration of 
 Centennial Anniver- 
 sary 381, 385, 394 
 
 Washington Lodge No. 5 204, 511 
 
 " " No. 7 204, 511 
 
 " No. 74 374,539 
 
 Williamston Lodge No. 24 424, 518 
 
 Wilson, John L., Grand Master 182 
 
 Wiunsboro' Lodge No. 11 181, 315, 513 
 
 Winyaw Lodge No. 40 527 
 
 1 Work adopted 310, 465 
 
 York Masons, first notice of 53 
 
 " " their G. L. organized 56 
 
 " " extinction 93 
 
 " " revival 101 
 
 '•' " final extinction 130