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 DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
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HEUOES AND MARTYRS 
 
 OF 
 
 GEOEGIA. 
 
 GEORGIA'S RECORD 
 
 IN THK 
 I 
 
 REVOLUTION OF 1861 
 
 VOLUME FIRST. 
 
 OF GORDON, GKOBOIA. 
 
 MACON, GA.: 
 BUHKK, boy kin & COJJrANV. 
 
 18C4. 
 
HEROES AND MARTYRS 
 
 OF 
 
 GEOEGIA. 
 
 GEORGIA'S RECORD 
 
 IN THE 
 
 REVOLUTION OF 1861. 
 
 By JAMES M. FOLSOM. 
 
 MACON, GA.: 
 BURKE, BOYKIN & COMPANY. 
 
 1864. 
 
^ijj/DiAM mf\ >^mmi 
 
 h T ^ ;n <■ T ■ ^ TT • 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, by 
 
 JAMES M. EOLSOM, 
 
 in the Clerk's oflSce of the District Court of the Confederate States for the 
 
 Southern District of Georgia. 
 
 A 
 

 PREFACE. 
 
 TuE first volume of Heroes and Martyrs, <tc., which I am herewith pre* 
 Renting to the public, has been written, and the material collected under 
 circumstances of the most unfavorable character, during the hottest portion 
 of one of the most extraordinary campaigns ever fought, on this or any 
 other continent. 
 
 The gentlemen who have so kindly assisted me in collecting the material, 
 and whose names I append, were compelled, with perhaps a few exceptions, 
 to lie in the trenches around Petersburg, under an almost constant can* 
 nonade, while every instrument of destruction that man's ingenuity could 
 devise, was flying thick and fast around him, and while there wrote out 
 the MSS. from which this volume is compiled. 
 
 It was my hope when I commenced my labors, that the larger portion of 
 my work would be filled with incidents of personal heroism ; and it is a 
 bitter disappointment to me (owing to the difficulty of obtaining namei and 
 incidents,) to present this work to the public, without more of the names 
 of those, to whom it is dedicated, filling its pages. 
 
 I have attempted to avoid all superfluity of language, and to render the 
 book perfectly comprehensible to every reader. 
 
 The footing up of the losses of the different commands may appear strange 
 to many, cspeciall}* those whose losses have exceeded their strength, such 
 as the Third and Sixth Regiments. This, however, is explained by the 
 fact, that many of the wounded have been wounded more than once, and 
 that the real losses from wounds are those who have been retired or dis- 
 charged. 
 
 1 desire to express my thanks to the officers who have so kindly assisted 
 me, and particularly to Colonel Lorriy, of the Sixth Georgia, to whose 
 courtesy I am indebt<>d for the facility with which I collected my material 
 while in Virginia. I df^sire that the following named gentlemen will accept 
 my thanka for their generous assistance, and kind B}inpathy with my under- 
 taking: 
 
 Colonel WttxiAM Gibsov Forty-eighth Georgia Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel M. R. Hall 
 
 NiMKT Third 
 
 372.732. 
 
4 PREFACK. 
 
 Adjutant J. A. BtHD Sixty-fourth Georgia Regiment. 
 
 Major J. D. Frederick Tenth Georgia Battalion. 
 
 Colonel J. N. Ramset..,.. ...... • First Georgia Regiment. 
 
 Colonel Neal * H . i .4 . i^-. . 1 ; . .Nineteenth Georgia Regiment. 
 
 Colonel John T. Loftin Sixth " " 
 
 Colonel HuGGiNs, and Major Ballbnger.. .Twenty-third " " 
 
 Adjutant T. O. Wicker Twenty-eighth " " 
 
 Sergeant Piser , " " " 
 
 Major Bassenoer j . uh«. uv,. - . • Eighteenth Georgia Battalion. 
 
 Sergeant Major Harris ; i .v. L ; Cults' Artillery Battalion. 
 
 Captain Wofford , Phillips' Legion Cavalry Battalion. 
 
 Captain Norwood Thomas' Brigade. 
 
 Adjutant Mark Newman Forty-ninth Georgia Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel McCui.i,oH Thirty -fifth " " 
 
 Captain T. C. Moore Fourteenth " " 
 
 In wishing them a happy exemption from the casualties of any fatwe 
 engagement, and the pleasures of a safe and happy return to their homes, 
 when white-robed peace shall again smile upon us, in the enjoyment of 
 our dearest rights, is my heart's sincere feelingi. 
 
 To the press and public I would say, deal leniently with this work, as it 
 is the labor of a young beginner in the world of literature. If you find, 
 as you no doubt wiU, abundant food for criticism, then I implore you, for 
 the sake of his motives, spare THE AUTHOR. 
 
TO 
 
 tht '§mt% mA ^m^x^ o( (^m^i^: 
 
 WHOSB l-in>Il[IXI8BED AND CNWAVBUNO TALOR HAS tONO BEEN THE FBIDE AITD 
 BOAST OF THEIS NATIVE STATE: 
 
 WHOflS BUFPXBINOS, PRIVATIONS, WOUNDS, AND DEATHS, HAVE BEEN BO LONG AND 
 DEETLT DETLOKED: 
 
 WHO, BT THXm OALLAin'BT, HAVE IU.CSTBATED THE CHABACTKB OV QEOBOIA, AND 
 
 WHO, BT THUB GLOBIOCS DEATHS, HAVE FTLLED A NICHE IN THB 
 
 TEHPLE OF UNDYING FAME, 
 
 TBta WORK U A/TBOTIONATILT DEDIOATBD BT 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
 3 7:l.73^ 
 
CONDENSED STATISTICAL REPORTS. 
 
 
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FIRST REGIMENT 
 
 .GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The following brief record of the First Georgia Volunteers, 
 from the pen of its Colonel, will be read with interest, as it is 
 the first official history of that regiment, which has come before 
 the public. 
 
 The First Regiment of Georgia Volunteers was organized at 
 I\racon, on the 3d day of April, 1861, by the election of J. N. 
 Ramsey to the Colonelcy, J. O. A. Clarke to the Lieutenant 
 Colonelcy, and G. Harvey Thompson, Major. 
 
 In pursuance of orders from the Governor of Georgia, the 
 regiment departed immediately for Pensacola, Florida, where 
 under the command of General Bragg, they were for two months 
 emplo}*ed in preparing the defences for a contemplated attack 
 from the enemy. At the expiration of the two months, the 
 regiment was ordered to report at Richmond, Virginia. On 
 arriving at Richmond, orders were received from the President to 
 repair immediately to Staunton, in the Valley of Virginia. Upon 
 the arrival of the regiment at that point, we were ordered to take 
 up the line of march across the mountains to Laurel Hill, to the 
 support of General Garnett, whose command was threatened by 
 an overpowering force of the enemy, under General G. B. 
 McClellan. 
 
 Upon the arrival of the regiment, in June, 1861, it was 
 immediately engaged in fortifying the camp at Laurel Hill, with 
 the few troops under the command of General Garnett ; in all 
 not amounting to more than three thousand, at that point. 
 
 In a few days, the enemy appeared in large force, in front of 
 our position, and attempted to seize upon the heights, which 
 would, without doubt, have given them complete command over 
 the camp. A sharp combat ensued, in which the Firpt Georgia 
 drove the enemy at the point of the bayonet, from the heights, 
 they leaving many of their dead upon the field. The loss of the 
 First Georgia was very small, not on« being killed, one Mverely, 
 
8 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 and several slightly wounded. This was the first time the 
 regiment was ever under fire or actively engaged ; and their 
 conduct was all their commander could have desired. Skirmish- 
 ing continued daily for a week, ending almost every evening, 
 with a brisk cannonade by the enemy. 
 
 Our position at Rich Mountain having been turned by the 
 enemy, which gave them control of the only road through the 
 mountains by which General Garnett received his supplies, it 
 became necessary to evacuate our position at Laurel Hill. The 
 army, on account of its small numbers, and being cut off from 
 all supplies and support, was now in a very perilous condition. 
 An overwhelming force of the enemy was in our front ; a large 
 force which had just taken Rich Mountain, moving in our rear ; 
 a large force at New Creek and West Union, in striking distance 
 of the only route by which we could possibly escape ; tpgether 
 with the fact that we were already out of provisions, rendered a 
 successful retreat very precarious, and from which nothing but 
 an indomitable resolution to clear ourselves from thfe toils in 
 which we were ensnared, could ever have relieved us. 
 
 The lamented General Garnett, comprehending fully the 
 responsibilities of his position, calmly made his dispositions, and 
 at night-fall, in good order, commenced a retrograde movement 
 in the direction of Beverly ; then turning off to the left, pursued 
 the St. George road, in order again to get in communication with 
 his supplies and supports. To accomplish this movement, a long 
 and circuitous route had ,to be traveled, with impassible moun- 
 tains on either hand, and an enemy powerful in numbers and 
 munitions of war, was hanging upon our rear, and threatening 
 our front at the only point, as before stated, where we could 
 make our escape from this net, whose meshes had entangled us. 
 
 On the second day of the retreat, the enemy came upon the 
 rear of our little band of Confederates ; the First Georgia 
 covering the retreat. As soon as the enemy conceived a flank 
 movement, the Colonel commanding the First, threw out two 
 companies to the left, who drove them back. A heavy column 
 with artillery, was then discovered advancing upon our troops, 
 who were then tiling through Cheat River. In order to protect 
 them, the Colonel of the First Georgia ordered his regiment to 
 face to the right, pass the river,, and attack the enemy. Leading 
 four companies across^ he ordered fire to open on the advancing 
 column, which was promptly executed, and a galling fire wa» 
 
FIKST GEORGIA REGIMENT. 9 
 
 poured into the advaucing foe. Matters upon the left did not 
 progress so well. Six companies were eflectually cut off and 
 could not pass, but made their way through the mountains, and 
 joined their comrades after many days of the most intense 
 suffering, in many cases amounting to incipient starvation. 
 
 The four companies who were making the desperate stand 
 alluded to above, being almost enveloped by the heavy masses of 
 the enemy, having received no supports, and having entirely 
 despaired of receiving assistance from the six. companies who 
 were cut off, and there being but about two hundred of these 
 noble Georgians to contend against the whole Yankee army, who 
 were pouring a hot fire of artillery and musketry into our ranks 
 from every ]ioint, were ordered to fall back. In this rencounter, 
 the regiment lost twenty men, mostly captured by the enemy. 
 
 At the next ford General Garnctt made a stand, about a milo 
 from the scene of the conflict above described. At tliis point, 
 General Garnctt lost his life, and Colonel Ramsey took comlnand 
 of the forces by seniority of rank; who, seeing the danger of the 
 situation, ordered a forced march this night, in order to turn the 
 enemy's camp in front, which seemed to be the only chance or hope 
 of escape. The plan was attended with complete success, and the 
 army saved with inconsiderable loss. Too much praise cannot 
 be bestowed upon the loyal citizens of that portion of the Old 
 Dominion, for the timely assistance which tliey furnished our 
 sick and famishing soldiers, on that toilsome march. 
 
 ]?y rapid marclics, the army soon arrived at Monterey, and 
 were again moved forward under the command of General Henry 
 R. Jackson of Savannah, to check the enemy's advance on Green 
 Brier River. In an affair on Cheat Mountain, the regiment lost 
 two or three killed, and several Mounded; the enemy suffered 
 much more. The main guard of the Yankees were liere cut off 
 from under the guns of their fortified caniji, and killed, wounded 
 or dispersed by the advance guard of our forces, comjnised of 
 one hundred men from the First and Twelfth Georgia Regiments. 
 
 On the 3d day of October, 1861, the enemy in large force 
 •ittacked General Jackson, and after a severe contest of cigbl 
 hours, were driven back with considerable loss. The Iorb of ibis 
 • regiment amounted to fifly-one killed, wounded and missing. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Clarke ]ii\\ ing resigned his commission, an 
 cloction to fill the vacancy was ordered, and Major Thompson 
 wasj elected. Adjutant J. W« Anderson w as elected to the 
 
 B 
 
10 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 Majority. About the 25th day of December, the regiment was 
 ordered to join the forces of Stonewall Jackson at Winchester, 
 Virginia, and participated in the campaigns of Bath and Romney, 
 one of the most disagreeable of the war, owing to the terrible 
 weather. » 
 
 The loss of this regiment was considerable, from constant 
 exposure to the many hardships connected with this campaign. 
 The weather was intensely cold, and storms of sleet and rain 
 were numerous. ' 
 
 In March, 1862, the time for which this regiment enlisted 
 expired, and they were mustered out of service. The health of 
 the Colonel, feeble at the beginning of the war, had, in conse- 
 quence of the exposure and many fatigues he had undergone, 
 almost totally failed, and in consequence, the regiment was never 
 reorganized; but all the members not disabled, after a short 
 respite, were organized into artillery and other companies, and 
 again entered the service. Many were placed in important 
 command^, which they now hold in the Confederate army; and 
 not a few have nobly fallen on the many gory battle-fields of this 
 revolution. 
 
 Composed of intelligent patriots, brave and self-sacrificing 
 heroes, they bore patiently the severe trials and sufferings through 
 which they passed. Their commander found it necessary only to 
 appeal to their sense of duty, to enforce discipline ; and in no case, 
 during their term of service, was any oflicer court-martialed 
 for failure to dipcharge his duty, or for conduct unbecoming 
 an oflicer or a gentleman. The severest punishment inflicted 
 upon a private, was confinement in the guard tent for a few days. 
 
 The total losses of the regiment from all causes, was about 
 two hundred, mostly from sickness and unavoidable exposure. 
 
 The above history of the first regiment Georgia sent into the> 
 field, is incomplete, as all statistical records are lost, and at this 
 late day, many of the most interesting facts and much important 
 matter connected with the regiment, cannot be obtained. 
 
 Since the above was written, I have received the following 
 statement of the original organization of the First Georgia 
 Regiment : — 
 
 Company A, Newnan Guards, Coweta County, Captaiu G. M Harvey. 
 Corapany B, Southern Guards, Muscogee County, Captain F. Wilkins. 
 Company C, Southern Rights Guards, Houston County, Captain J. A. Houser. 
 Company D, Oglethorpe Light Infantry, ^Richmond County, Captain — Adams. 
 
FIRST GEORGIA REGIMENT. 11 
 
 Company E, Washington Rifles, 'Washington County, Captain S. A. H. Jones. 
 Company F, Gate City Guards, Fulton County, Captain W. Ezeard. 
 Company G, Quitman Guards, Monroe County, Captain J. S. Pinckard. 
 Company H, DahlOnega Volunteers, Lumpkin County, Captain T. B. Cabiness. 
 Company I, Bainbridge Independent Volunteers, Decatur Countj", Captain J. W. 
 
 Evans. 
 Company K, "Walker Light Infantry, Richmond County, Captain — Crump. 
 
 Lieutenant James Anderson, of Company A, Adjutant. 
 
 Henry Welch of Company A, Sergeant Major. 
 
 P. D. B. Culler, of Perry, Greorgia, Swge«n. 
 
 [No Assistant Surgeon.] 
 
 Lieutenant Atkinson, of Columbus, Quartermaster. 
 
 Captain George Dunn, of Forsyth, Quart0rviaster. 
 
 Captain G. Cunningham, Commissary. 
 
.•^J5aif>,-,^.'. 
 
 EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT 
 
 GEOKGIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 STATISTICAL REPORT OF EIGHTEENTH GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Number of men originally enlisted, 
 Number of recruits, 
 Number of conscripts, 
 
 Total strength of regiment : 
 
 841 
 
 364 
 
 38 
 
 1243 
 
 CASUALTIES IN DIFFERENT ENGAGEMENTS. 
 
 Eltham's Landing, 
 Seven Pines, . 
 Gaines' Farm, 
 Malvern Hill, 
 Freeman's Ford, 
 Thoroughfare Gap, 
 Manassas, Number 2, 
 Boonsboro Gap, 
 Sharpsburg, 
 Fredericksburg, 
 Chancellorsville, 
 Gettysburg, 
 Chester Gap, . 
 Chattanooga, . ; 
 Knoxville, 
 Bean Station, 
 Wilderness, 
 Spottsylvania Court House 
 Coal Harbor, . 
 Deep Bottom, . 
 
 Total, 
 
 Number of men died of wounds and disease 
 Number of men discharged. 
 
 Killed, Wounded. 
 
 May Tth 1862, 
 
 May 31st 1862, 
 
 June 27th " 
 
 July 2d " 
 
 August 29th " 
 
 August 30th " 
 
 September 14th... " 
 September iVth.i. " 
 December 13th, ... " 
 
 May 3d 1863, 
 
 July 2d " 
 
 September " 
 
 November 29th. . . " 
 December 13th. . . " 
 
 May 6th 1864, 
 
 May 10, 11, & 12 " 
 
 June 1st " 
 
 July 29th " 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 27 
 14 
 21 
 31 
 
 16 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 184 
 
 3 
 
 106 
 
 7 
 
 87 
 1 
 63 
 30 
 80 
 9 
 
 3 
 23 
 
 1 
 87 
 80 
 25 
 
 633 
 
 180 
 142 
 
 BKCAPITULATION. 
 
 Killed, 
 Wounded, 
 Died, , 
 Discharged, 
 
 184 
 633 
 180 
 142 
 
 TOTAt, 
 
 1039 
 
EIGHTEENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 18 
 
 By the foregoing recapitulation and statistical report, it will 
 be seen that this regiment has been actively engaged in twenty 
 battles, in fifteen of which it suffered more or less. 
 
 The total loss, counting the wounded men, many of whom are 
 of course still in the regiment, amounts to one thousand and 
 thirty-nine men. This is, however, only a temporary loss. The 
 real loss of the regiment is as follows : — , 
 
 Killed, - - - . 184 
 
 Died, - - - - 180 
 
 Discharged, - - - 142 
 
 Amounting to - - 506 men. 
 
 The Eighteenth Georgia Regiment was organized at Camp 
 Brown, Cobb County, Georgia, on the 22d day of April, 1861, 
 under a special act of the Georgia Legislature, and formed the 
 First Regiment, Fourth Brigade, State Troops, under the follow- 
 ing named field ofiicers: Colonel W. T. Wofford, of Cassville, 
 Cass Counf)' ; Lieutenant Colonel S. Z. Ruff, of the Georgia 
 Military Institute, Marietta, Cobb County; Major Jefferson 
 Johnson, Floyd County; Adjutant John C. Griffin, Marietta, 
 Cobb County. 
 
 The changes in the field officers are as follows: Adjutant J. C. 
 Griffin elected Major, April 7th, 1862, to succeed Major Johnson, 
 resigned. Colonel Wofford was appointed Brigadier General, 
 January Ist, 186.3, successor to General T. R. R. Cobb, killed 
 December 13th, 1862. Lieutenant A. H. Patton promoted 
 Adjutant, April 7th, 1862, successor to Adjutant Griffin, promoted 
 Major. Lieutenant Colonel Ruff promoted to the Colonelcy, 
 January 1st, 1863, successor to Colonel Wofford, promoted 
 Brigadier. 
 
 Captain J. A. Stewart promoted to Major, successor to Major 
 John C. Griffin, appointed Commissary of Subsistence. Captain 
 Joseph Armstrong appointed Colonel, January 6th, 1864, succes- 
 sor to Colonel Ruff, killed November 29th, 1863. Captain F. 
 M. Ford appointed Lieutenant Colonel, March 25th, 1864, 
 successor to Lieutenant Colonel Ruff. Captain W. G. Calahan 
 appointed Major, January 6th, successor to Major Stewart, 
 resigned. Serge.ant E. N. Everett appointed Adjutant, successor 
 to Adjutant Patton, who was appointed Captain and Assistant 
 Adjutant General on General Wofford's staff. 
 
 The brigade was organiied day of , , and 
 
14 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 transferred to Camp McDonald, Cobb County, Georgia, After 
 nearly two months of preparatory drilling at the latter place, 
 the brigade (the Fourth, State Troops,) was broken up, and the 
 reo-iraents. and battalions composing it were ordered to report to 
 Richmond,. having been transferred to the service of the Confed- 
 erate States. 
 
 The regiment left Camp McDonald on the 2d day of August, 
 1861, and arrived at Richmond on the 7th. During the greater 
 portion of the time they were in Richmond, they were on duty 
 guarding the prisoners captured in the first battle of Manassas. 
 On the 26th of October, the regiment having been relieved from 
 this duty by the Second Florida Regiment, received orders to 
 report to Goldsboro, North Carolina, for garrison duty. They 
 remained here about two weeks, when they received orders to 
 report back to Richmond. On the 1 8th, they departed for the 
 Potomac, and were attached to the Texas brigade then com- 
 manded by General Wigfall, and were stationed in the vicinity 
 of Dumfries. Here they remained all winter,^doing picket and 
 other duties. On the 8th of March, 1862, the Eighteenth left 
 camp on the Potomac, and entered upon the campaign of that 
 year with the Army of Northern Virginia. 
 
 The brigade, at this time, was under the command of 
 Brigadier General Hood, General Wigfall having resigned. The 
 brigade marched from Dumfries to Yorktown, which being the 
 first march of the regiment, and the men being unaccustomed to 
 the hardships of a long march, suffered greatly from the exposure 
 and severities of the march. They were afterwards detailed to 
 guard the right flank of the army, on its retreat from Yorktown. 
 On the seventh of May, the enemy in considerable force, attacked 
 the right flank of General Johnson's army, and were repulsed 
 by the brigade near Eltham's Lapding, the Eighteenth Georgia 
 bearing a conspicuous part in the engagement. On the 31st of 
 May and the 1st of June, the regiment'participated in the battle 
 of Seven Pines, sustaining a loss of three men wounded. The 
 regiment was afterward kept in the Chickahominy Swamp, 
 doing picket duty, and throwing up fortifications, &c., until the 
 12th of June, when they were transported to Staunton, to. 
 reinforce General Stonewall Jackson ; at which point they 
 arrived on the IStb; and on the 19th left Staunton, and were 
 transported to Frederick's Hall, remaining there for two days to 
 
EIGHTEENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 16 
 
 prepare for the great work anticipated by that far-seeing chieftain, 
 General Jackson. 
 
 On the 26th, the regiment arrived in front of Richmond, 
 opposite Mechanicsville, and at four o'clock in the evening, on 
 the 2Vth of June, they went into the battle of Gaines' Farm," 
 charging the enemy's batteries, placed in position under the 
 immediate supervision of General McClellan himself, and said by 
 liim to he impregnable; but the intrepid spirits composing the 
 Texas brigade, needed only the command of onward, to drive the 
 vandals from their guns, and turn them upon the retreating foe. 
 The battle closed about nine o'clock in the evening, the whole 
 country being covered with the victims of the horrid strife. 
 
 The Eighteenth Georgia in this engagement, captured rvinc 
 splendid brass pieces of artillery, with a loss to the regiment of 
 thirty-seven killed, and one hundred and six wounded. They 
 remained on the field the remainder of the night. The 28th was 
 spent in burying the dead, and caring for the wounded. On the 
 29th, thev took up the line of march in pursuit of McClellan's 
 retreating and badly whipped forces. On the 31st, the regiment 
 received a heavy shelling at White Oak Swamp, but sustained no 
 loss. On the 1st of July, it took an active part in the battle of 
 Malvern Hill. The casualties in this fight were three killed and 
 seven wounded. On the 4th, the regiment marched to Charles 
 City Court House, The regiment was very much fatigued, but 
 after remaining at the latter place four days, were ready and 
 willing to perform any duty which might have been assigned it. 
 
 On the '8th, the regiment marched for Richmond, where it 
 arrived on the 10th. Here it went into camp, where it quietly 
 remained tmtil the 7th of August, when, in response to the 
 command of fonmrd, it marched to the plains of Manassas, 
 whore it arri\ cd on the 29th of Atigust, having undergone many 
 hardships and ]>iivfilions, being frequently compelled to subsist 
 on green corn, as it was impossible to obtain any other kind of 
 food. The regiment dnring this march, was engaged in two 
 different encounters with the enemy, the first at Freeman's Ford, 
 and the second at Thoroughfare G.i]». 
 
 At six oVlork in the evening of tlie 29th of August, the 
 raiment engngcd the enemy in a hand to hf nd encounter. Afler 
 two hours hard fighting, they succeedt<l in repulsing the enemy, 
 with the following result: A large number of jirisoners were 
 taken. Private T. H. Northcutt of Company A, captured one 
 
16 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 staftd of colors belonging to the Twenty-fourth New York 
 Regiment. On the 30th, the regiment participated in the second 
 battle of Manassas, completely routing the enemy, killing the 
 greater portion of the Fifth and Tenth New York Zouave 
 Regiments, and capturing a battery of four guns. • 
 
 During the heat of the xingagement, Private William Kay 
 succeeded in capturing the colors of the Tenth New York 
 Kegiment. The casualties during this terrific battle in the old 
 Eighteenth, amounted to thirty-seven killed and eighty-seven 
 wounded. 
 
 August 31st was spent in burying the dead and attending to 
 the wounded. The regiment left during the latter date, and by 
 severe marching arrived at the Potomac on the 5th day of Sep- 
 tember, crossed and marched to Frederick City, Maryland, where 
 it remained and rested three days. On the 14th of Sej^tember 
 a portion of the army were hotly engaged at Boonsborough 
 Mountain. Hood's Brigade, by a forced march, arrived in time 
 to take a part in the engagement. The Eighteenth Georgia in 
 this fight lost but one wounded. On the 17th of SSptember 
 the rfegiment was engaged in the battle of Sharpsburg, and from 
 five o'clock in the morning until late in the evening, bore a prom- 
 inent part in that bloody strife, losing (27) twenty-seven killed, 
 and (63) sixty-three wounded. During the night of the 18th 
 the regiment recrossed the Potomac at Shepherdstown, and 
 were there compelled to assist the teamsters in gaining the 
 heights on the south bank of the river, the mud being too deep 
 for the half-worn down animals to drag their loads througli, 
 which consisted of principally army stores, collected from the 
 enemy while in Maryland and Pennsylvania. The regiment 
 encamped for the remainder of the night at Martinsburg, and 
 after a week of much needed rest, again took up the line of march 
 for Winchester, where it went into camp on the 29th, remain- 
 ing there for one month. At this point the regiment received a 
 new supply of clothing, of which they stood greatly in need, 
 particularly of shoes. Many of the poor Georgia boys had 
 marched mile after mile and fought several battles with their 
 feet bare, and bleeding at almost every step. On the 29th of 
 October the regiment again struck camp and marched for Cul- 
 pepper, arriving there on the 1st day of November, and on the 
 20th of the same month marched for Frederitksburg, at which 
 place it arrived and went into camp on the 28th, Under an 
 
EIGHTEENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 17 
 
 order from the War Department, the regiment was transferred 
 from General Hood's Texas lirigade to General Cobb's Georgia 
 Brigade. This change, at the time, was not much relished by 
 the majority of the regiment, who were not pleased at the idea 
 of leaving their old and tried companions in arms, the Texans ; 
 but their new commander, the lamented Cobb, soon won their 
 confidence and admiration by his m'banity and zeal for their wel- 
 fare, together with the many soldierly qualities which had already 
 marked him out for high preferment in the military lijie, and 
 which were unfortunately too soon thereafter lost to his brigade 
 and country. 
 
 On December 13th, together with the remainder of Cobb's 
 Brigade, the regiment went into the battle of Fredericksburg, 
 in which engagement it sustained very nobly its former dearly 
 bought reputation. It was upon this day that the brigade lost 
 its gallant leader, General Cobb, who fell while among his noble 
 band of Georgians, speaking words of encouragement, and cheer- 
 ing them with his presence. 
 
 In this engagement, one of the severest of the war, the Eigh- 
 teenth killed, in all probability, one half its number — itself sus- 
 taining a loss of fourteen killed and thirty wounded. 
 
 The regiment remained in camp after the battle of Fredericks- 
 burg until the night of the 30th of April, when it marched up to 
 Chancellorsville, where it lay in line of battle until the 3d of 
 May, when the great contest began. The regiment was very 
 hotly engaged for one hour and twenty-five minutes, confronting 
 the formidable works of the enemy, and sustaining a loss of 
 twenty-one killed and eighty-six wounded. On May 4th, an 
 advance was made upon the enemy and he was driven toward 
 Banksford, losing a great many jjrisoners. On the let of June 
 the regiment marched for Culpepper Court House, where it 
 arrived after two days severe marching. On the 16th, it marched 
 from Culpepper by way of Woodsville, Sperryville, Little Wash- 
 ington, to Parria, and crossed tlie Shenandoah Hiver. On the 
 2l8t, recrofised the viver at Ashby's Gap, and lay in line of battle 
 as support to cavalry. On the 22d, it crossed back to same camp. 
 On the 24th, marched by way of Millwood, Berryville, Summer 
 Point, Smythville and Darksville, to Martinsliurg; crossed the 
 Potomac, on the 26th, at Willianisi)ort, and maichod by way 
 of llagerstown, Middleburg, Green Castle, Chamlx-rsburg and 
 Cashtown, to Gettysburg, where it arrived on the 31st. 
 
 C 
 
18 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 The troops suffered very severely on this inarch from the 
 excessive heat ; so great was it indeed that as many as one hun- 
 dred cases of sun-stroke occurred in the division during one day. 
 On the 2d day of July the regiment was engaged in the battle 
 of Gettysburg, driving the enemy for over a mile, and resting on 
 the field during the night. The casualties were nine killed and 
 thirty-one wounded. On the night of the 4th, marched by way 
 of Fairfield and Waterloo, to HagerstoAvn, remaining at the lat- 
 ter place until the 14th of August, awaiting an attack from the 
 enemy. At that time the regiment recrossed the Potomac at 
 Williamsport, marched to Bunker Hill ; from thence to Culpep- 
 per Court House, where it arrived on the 24th instant. While 
 on the march from Bunker Hill to Culpepper, the regiment was 
 engaged in dislodging a body of the enemy's cavalry, sustaining 
 no loss whatever. 
 
 General Longstreet's Corps being selected by General Lee to 
 reinforce General Bragg, in the West, the regiment accordingly, 
 on the 9th of September, was placed on the cars at Hanover 
 Junction, and were, without delay, transported to Chickamauga, 
 Georgia, where it arrived on the 19th, but did not participate in 
 the battle of that name, as the brigade could not get up to the 
 scene of action in time. After some days spent in skirmishing 
 with the enemy, in which the regiment lost altogether three men 
 wounded, it was again, on the 5th of October, transported by 
 railroad, by way of Cleveland, Charlestown and Athens, to Sweet 
 Water, Tennessee. On the 12th, it marched from Sweet Water, 
 by way of Philadelphia, Morganton, Lowdon, Lenoir Station, to 
 Campbell's Station, where it arrived on the iVth and took ])art 
 in a heavy skirmish with the enemy, but sustained no loss of life. 
 On the 18th, marched within two miles of Knoxville. Heavy 
 skirmishing was inaugurated and continued every day until the 
 29th instant, when tlie Eighteenth participated in the celebrated 
 charge of McLaws' Division on Fort Lowdon, in which the regi- 
 ment sustained one of the most irreparable losses which could 
 have befallen it, viz: the loss of its gallant leader, Colonel S. Z. 
 Ruff. Each member of the regiment, with perhaps a very few 
 exceptions, mourned the loss of their Colonel as they would 
 the loss of a father or a brother. Having been led by him in 
 every engagement, save two or three, they had become ardently 
 attached to him, always feeling that all M^as right with the 
 Eighteenth Georgia, at least, when Colonel Ruff was in command. 
 
EIGHTEENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 19 
 
 All honor to his name. The Colonel was commanding Wofford's 
 Brigade when he received the shot that ended his earthly career. 
 He received his mortal wound while endeavoring to scale the 
 walls of the fort. His name will long occupy a place in the 
 memories of the members of the regiment, who he had so long 
 commanded. May he rest in peace. During this engagement, 
 the regiment lost fifteen killed, and twenty-three wounded. On 
 the night of the 4th of December, the regiment marched by way 
 of Rutledge and ]\Ioorsburg, to Bean Station, where, on the 13th, 
 it participated in a small skirmish with the enemy; remaining at 
 the latter place until the 20tli, when it marched across the Hols- 
 ton river to Russelville, and received orders to build winter 
 quarters. The men since the departure of the regiment from 
 before Chattanooga, and during the hard marching and fighting 
 up to the time of their arrival at Russelville, had suffered severely 
 for clothing, especially for shoes and blankets, and the weather 
 being extremely cold in that region, adding to which the contin- 
 ued snow and rain, showed many cases of real misery ; but the 
 spirits of these noble sons of the Empire State rose proudly above 
 all physical suffering, and but few murmurs were ever heard. 
 
 The men went to work with a will, and soon had some very 
 comfortable cabins erected, just in time for the Christmas holi- 
 days, and it is almost needless to add that this mode of living 
 was duly appreciated by all. 
 
 The regiment remained in quarters until the 11th of February, 
 when it moved to New Market, when they again built winter 
 quarters, and there remained until the 22d, when they marched 
 to Greenville, remaining there until the 28tb of March, when 
 they again took the road marching for Bristol, where they arrived 
 on the 31 St. 
 
 The regiment while encamped at Greenville, reerdisted xmani- 
 mc/iisly for the tear. On the 10th of April, the regiment was 
 placed on board the care, and transported to Charlottesville, 
 Virginia. From thence they marched to Gordonsville, and from 
 thence to the battle ground of the Wilderness; arriving there 
 just in lime by a forced march, to participate in the memorable 
 battle fought on the 6th of May. The regiment with the 
 remainder of Wofford's Brigade, went into the fight at eight 
 o'clock in the morning, and very soon the command fonrard^ 
 was given, and in a few moments, the leaden messengers of death 
 might be heard whistling through the ranks. The enemy were 
 
20 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 Stubborn, and refused to give an inch of ground. Just at this 
 time, General Woflbrd asked and obtained permission to make a 
 flank movement on the enemy's, left, "which was attended with 
 the most signal and triumphant success. Done as it was, with 
 great promptness and celerity of movement, it caused the utter 
 rout of the enemy all along his front, thereby turning the tide of 
 battle in favor of General Lee. 
 
 General Wofford merits a great deal of credit for the masterly 
 manner in which this move was planned and carried into 
 execution. The regiment lost in this engagement, seven killed 
 and thirty-seven wounded. On the night of the 1th of May, the 
 regiment marched for Spottsylvania Court House, arriving there 
 at eleven o'clock, on the morning of the 8th. Although the 
 men were completely exhausted, they were immediately put into 
 position in the lines, and on the 3 2th, participated in the battle 
 known as the Hor»e Shoe, during which the Eighteenth charged 
 the enemy, and retook a portion of the fortifications. The 
 regiment lost in this battle, ten men killed and thirty wounded. 
 After some fighting and marching, the regiment reached Coal 
 Harbor, and there on the 1st of June, was engaged in the battle 
 known by that name, losing four men killed and twenty-five 
 wounded. 
 
 Among the historic regiBaents of Georgia proudly stands the battle-scarred 
 Eighteenth. Though no minstrel has timed his harp to sing the praises, 
 though not seeking, and therefore not ol^taining a newspaper reputation, this 
 noble regiment has gained a name which will live through all future time, in 
 the memory of those who have so closely watched its career of glory. Twenty 
 times has its battle flag, the glorious Cross of the Confederacy, been observed 
 with its fiery folds flashing brightly over as many gory fields. The soil 
 of Vicginia has "drank, deeply drank" the life blood of many of these 
 noble Georgians, as half clad and freezing, with feet bare and bleeding at 
 every step, they plunged, with the startling, piercing, enthusiastic yell of the 
 Southern soldierj', into the midst of the fight, driving in utter rout, the well 
 dressed Federals before them. The sufferings of our forefathers at the 
 historic Valley Forge, can scarce compare with the sufferings of the members 
 of this and other regiments, but amid all their privations, when hunger with 
 its gnawing pangs attacked them, and they suffering with a hundred discom- 
 forts, at the call of their leader, they would spring to their arms, and rush 
 into the midst of the fray, caring for nought but for victory to again perch 
 upon their banners. 
 
'MM^»' 
 
 SIXTH REGIMENT 
 
 GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS 
 
 The Sixth Georgia was organized at Atlanta, Georgia, on the 
 2'7th day of May, 1861, and was composed of the following com- 
 panies : 
 
 Company A- 
 Com]>any B- 
 Company C- 
 Couipany D- 
 Company E- 
 Company F- 
 Company G- 
 Company H- 
 Company I- 
 Company K- 
 
 -Hancock County, 
 -Dade 
 
 -Houston " 
 -Butts 
 
 -Crawford " 
 -Mitchell 
 -Taylor 
 -Baker 
 
 -Twijrffs " • 
 
 -Oglethorpe " 
 
 Captain W. M. Arnold, Commanding. 
 
 Captain John G. Hannah, 
 
 Captain C. D. Anderson, 
 
 Captain John W. Newton, 
 
 Captain Wilde C. Cleveland, 
 
 Captain E. H. Shackleford, 
 
 Captain John T. Griffin, 
 
 Captain A. H. Colquitt, 
 
 Captain John A. Barclay, 
 
 Captain John T. Loftin, 
 
 STATISTICAL REPORT, 
 
 Number of men orip;inally enlisted, 
 Number of recruits and conscripts. 
 
 Total, 
 
 724 
 
 668 
 
 1292 
 
 Killed in action, 
 Wounded, 
 Died of disease, 
 Discharged, 
 
 Which FhowB a logs by death of 
 To which add discharged 
 
 238 
 639 
 244 
 189 
 
 482 
 
 189 
 
 eTl men. 
 
 Making a total Iobs to the regiment of . 
 
 Tliis regiment was mustered into service b)' Majer Elzey, and 
 was the first from tlie iState of Georgia,* and I believe from the 
 Confederacy, enlisted for the war. Cajilain A. it. Colquitt was 
 elected Colonel ; Cajttain J. M. Newton, Lieutenant Colonel, and 
 Philemon Tracy, of Bihb, M.njor. Private W. F. Plane was 
 elected Captain of Company II, and First Lieutenant Lewis J. 
 Dupree was promoted Captain of Company D. 
 
 *I shall give the history of this regiment in the language of Colonel Loftin, 
 itfl commander. 
 
22 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 The regiment at once proceeded to Richmond, Virginia, and 
 at that place received orders to report immediat-ely to Colonel J. 
 B. Magruder, at Yorktown, Virginia. 
 
 On the 4th of June, 1861, six days before the battle of Bethel, 
 we reached Yorktown. Though within hearing of the guns, we 
 did not participate in the- first infantry engagement of the war. 
 While anxiously awaiting orders to join our comrades on the 
 field, intelligence reached us that our arms were victorious, and 
 that Butler was retreating to his stronghold at Fortress Monroe. 
 We were stationed at Yorktown from June 4th, 1861, until the 
 3d of May, 1862. During these eleven months, with the excep- 
 tion of a slight skirmish, the Sixth Georgia did no fighting; but 
 by thorough drilling, and those long and repeated marches by 
 which General Magruder threatened first one point and then 
 another, and thus, by artful and rapid movements with an incon- 
 siderable force, kept a large and formidable army inside their for- 
 tifications, the regiment was preparing for the arduous duties and 
 brilliant achievements of the future. While at Yorktown we 
 lost one hundred and twenty-five men ; and very often by far 
 the greater portion of the regiment was prostrated by sickness. 
 Many of the diseases were incident to, and inseparable from, 
 camp life, and the great and sudden' change in the mode of 
 living ; but in my judgment, the greater part had their origin in 
 defective policing of the camp. Those who thus died, far from 
 their kindred and their homes, deserve not less the love and 
 admiration of their country, than those who fell upon the field 
 of battle. Hundreds of our sick were removed to Gloucester 
 county, on the opposite side of the York ; and through the 
 unprecedented attention of her worthy citizens, the lives of many 
 were saved. Their fathers, mothers, brothers and sisters could 
 not have treated them with greater kindness. The names of Dr. 
 Jones and his estimable wife, Mr. and Mrs. Baytop, Mr. and 
 Mrs. Catlett, Mr, and Mrs. Stevens, and Mr. and Mrs. Stubbs, 
 and others, will be cherished in aifectionate remembrance as long 
 as a single member of the Sixth Georgia survives. They fully 
 sustained the fai'-famed reputation of the Old Dominion for 
 hospitality. In the late fiery ordeal through which the citizens 
 of Gloucester have passed, from Yankee invasion, she has had 
 the cordial sympathy of the members of the Sixth Georgia, and 
 it has been a common remark in the regiment, that there are no 
 people in the defence of whose homes and firesides its members 
 
SIXTH GEOEGIA BEGIMENT. 28 
 
 would sooner pour out their blood. On the 5th of April, Gen- 
 eral McClellan, with more than one hundred thousand men, -Nvas 
 brought to a halt in front of the work at Yorktown, by the 
 brave and dauntless little array of General Magruder, numbering 
 not more than nine thousand. On the 16th, the Sixth Georgia 
 was, for the first time, under fire, having been thrown out a» 
 skirmishers, a few hundred yards in advance of the works, to 
 discover the -precise position of the enemy, II«re Ave liad 
 three men wounded, Dr. James M. Montgomery, of Company 
 H, being one of them, and the first man ever Mounded in the 
 regiment. After the arrival of General Johnson's army at 
 Yorktown, we were temporarily attached to a brigade com- 
 manded by Brigadier General Gabriel J. Rains, of torpedo 
 notoriety, and placed in the Division of General D. H. Hill. On 
 the 3d of May, with General Johnson's army, we evacuated 
 Yorktown and commenced the retreat, which after great suffer- 
 ing and privation, ended in the works around Richmond. At 
 no time during the war has the Sixth Georgia suffered as it did 
 on this retreat.^ At the battle of Williatnsburg, though on the 
 field we did not engage the enemy. We reached Richmond, 
 broken down and exhausted, as did the entire army. Fortu- 
 nately for the cause of the Confederacy, General McClellan gave 
 time for rest and to revive the broken spirits of the troops: and 
 in a few weeks they were ready and anxious to drive back the 
 invaders. 
 
 In the battle of Seven Pines, on the 31st of May, the regiment 
 was for the first time, heavily engaged with the enemy. The 
 right companies sustained very heavy loss in this action. We 
 lost besides many other gallant soldiers, Adjutant James Reid, a 
 young man of thefinest promise, an elegant scholar, a brave soldier, 
 and one who had endeared himself to the entire regiment, bv 
 his gentlemanly deportment, unostentatious manners, and kind 
 and noble heart. This is the only battle in which Colonel 
 Colquitt commanded the reiginent, as shortly afterward he was 
 placed in command of the brigade, and subserjucntly received, 
 after the battle of Sharpsbiirg, the well merited appointment of 
 Brigadier General. From the b.ittle of Seven Pines, until the 
 26th of June, the regiment was quietly encamped on the 
 Williamsburg road, al»out four miles from Riclmiond ; at which 
 time, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel J. M. Newton, it 
 broke up camp, preparatory for the great battles around Rich- 
 
24 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 mond. By ten o'clock, A. M., of tlie 26tli of June, after a march 
 of about ten miles, we halted in sight of Mechanicsville, and 
 impatiently listened for the guns, that were to inaugurate the 
 battles upon which the fate of Richmond depended. 
 
 About four P. M., the battle commenced, but it was not until 
 dark, that our front was cleared at Meadow Bridge, by the 
 brave command of General A. P. Hill, and we crossed over and 
 rested for the night on the field of battle, from which the enemy 
 had been driven. They had, however, retreated but a short 
 distance, and at daylight, could be seen in great force, and 
 strongly fortified on the road about one mile from Mechanicsville. 
 While expecting orders to move forward and charge the enemy, 
 General Jackson's columns moved upon his right flank, and 
 forced him to abandon his strong position, with but slight loss 
 on our part. Though not engaged, we had a few casualties in 
 the Sixth. 
 
 The road being cleared, we at once moved on towards the 
 bloody field of Cold Harbor, under a burning sun. We marched 
 rapidly, and reached the battle-field about one^ o'clock in the 
 afternoon. Under a hot fire from the batteries on the adjacent 
 hills, we were thrown first on one part of the lines, and then on 
 the other, as the enemy seemed to be concentrating upon one 
 or the other points. At last we were ordered forward and soon 
 met the foe. With a shout, our boys charged, and the enemy 
 gave way until reinforced by a second line of battle, when we 
 were halted, and with our thinned ranks, fought most desperately 
 for more than two hours. Just at this time, reinforcements were 
 sent to our relief, and mistaking us for the enemy, poured a 
 desperate volley into our rear. Even under the concentrated fire 
 from friend and foe, our shattered ranks stood unbroken. The 
 reinforcements swept by, driving the enemy before them. 
 Darkness coming on, under order, we retired a few hundred 
 yards to the rear, and slept upon our arms. Our loss in this 
 battle was exceedingly heavy; the casualties numbered more 
 than two hundred killed and wounded, being fully half the 
 number carried into action. 
 
 Next morning, our line was as distinctly marked by the dead, 
 as it was the evening before, by the living. For three days, we 
 remained near Cold Harbor, and on the third day, crossed 
 McClellan's Bridge, and hastened on, until checked by the 
 enemy's batteries at White Oak Swamp. At this place,- a heavy 
 
SIXTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 26 
 
 artillery duel took place, which lasted nntil night, with but little 
 loss on our side. Next morning the enemy were gone. Being 
 the Ist day of July, 1862, we moved forward to the disastrous 
 field of Malvern Hill, where our gallant soldiers were expected 
 to accomplish what Napoleon with his victorious legions would 
 hardly liave attempted. 
 
 About six o'clock in the afternoon, the Sixth Georgia went 
 into the fight ; and as we were moved forward, the regiment 
 was detached from the brigade, by order of General D. 11. Hill, 
 and filing to the right, formed line of battle under a murderous 
 fire of shell, grape, canister, and minuie balls. The regiment 
 advanced without any support, right and left, as far as could be 
 seen, through an open field, to within good range, and opened 
 fire Upon the enemy, under certainly the most terrific fire that 
 ever shook the hills of Virginia. In a few moments, our regiment 
 to the last man, Would have been swept down, when fortunately 
 for us, a brigade of another division, moved up to our right, and 
 drew the destructive fire upon themselves. At each volley they 
 fell by scores, and large gaps were made in their ranks. The 
 bravest men the world has ever seen, could not have accomplished 
 tlie task before them ; |ind the brigade broke in confusion, and 
 our little baud once more stood alone. But before tlie guns 
 were turned upon us, orders camo to fall back, and in some 
 confusion, the regiment did so. Throughout this battle, our 
 worthy Chaplain, Alexander M. Tliigpen, bore himself most 
 gallantly, evincing a courage and patriotism in the cause of the 
 Confederacy, only surpassed by his zeal and devotion in the cause 
 of his Master. On this day many others distinguished themselves 
 by their coolness and cotirage, but the list is too long to 
 enumerate. k 
 
 Tlie regiment was encamped near Richmond tintil the 8th day 
 of August, 1862 ; when with a portion of General D. II. IlilPn 
 Division, it moved, under command of General Ripley, to Orange 
 Court House, and after remaining at this place a few days, 
 marched to Manassas, reaching there the day after the battle in 
 which the great braggart, Poj>e, was so severely handled. 
 
 About September 2d, we rejoined the main army near Centre- 
 ville, marching by way of Leesburg, to Frederick, Maryland, 
 and reached that pl.ace on the 6th, The army only remained four 
 days at Frederick City, at the expiration of which time, General 
 I). H. Hill's Division moved to South Mountain or Boonsboro. 
 
25 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 In the battle which took place here on the 14th, General D. H, 
 Hill's Division alone, for many hours, held at least seventy 
 thousand of the Federal troops at bay. The Sixth Georgia was 
 very slightly engaged, the enemy not attempting to pass our 
 itnmediate front, holding as we did, a very strong position in a 
 dense woods, in a gorge of a mountain. On the night of the 
 14th, our forces fell back to Sharpsburg; and on the 17th of 
 September, fought one of the bloodiest battles of the war. 
 
 The battle opened at early dawn, and in a few moments, the 
 Sixth Georgia was in the hottest of the fight. For several hours, 
 the regiment fought as bravely as ever men fought, and held their 
 ground until none were left to hold it. Our loss on this 
 field was almost incredible. We went into the battle with not 
 more than two hundred and fifty men ; and of this number, 
 eighty-one were left dead on the field, one hundred and fifteen 
 were wounded, and about thirty taken prisoners. Here fell 
 Lieutenant Colonel Newton, a good man, a most excellent 
 soldier. Without military education, his aptitude for everything 
 pertaining to the military, his dignity of character, his iron will, 
 his stern sense of justice, made him not only an efficient, but a 
 popular officer. He possessed that rare faculty, the result of a 
 happy combination of moral and mental traits, that enabled him to 
 exact implicit obedience to every order, and at the same time, to 
 win the respect and affection of his soldiers. Here, too, fell the 
 chivalric, elegant and gifted Major Phil Tracy. His eloquence 
 had done no little to rouse the people of the state to secession. 
 Though physical infirmities rendered him unfit for active field 
 service, he was among the first to step forward and offer his life 
 in defence of his country. All vicissitudes of time, whether of 
 prosperity or adversity, iad left his pure heart as guileless as a 
 child's. He was magnanimous, and liberal to a fault, and all 
 who knew him loved him. He fell universally mourned by the 
 whole regiment; for all felt that a generous, brave and patriotic 
 heart had ceased to beat. 
 
 If space permitted, there are others to whom I would gladly 
 . refer, and who are worthy of any tribute which could be paid to 
 their memories. Plane, Hannah, Jordan, McCants, Bartlett, 
 Floyd, Wimberly and Reid, all sleep in glory, sacrificed upon 
 the hard fought field of Sharpsburg. After this battle. Captain 
 Loftin was promoted to the position of Colonel, Captain Cleveland 
 to Lieutenant Colonel, and Captain Anderson to the rank of 
 
% SIXTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 27 
 
 Major. About this time the brigade, commanded by Brigadier 
 General Colquitt, was composed, of the following regiments: 
 Sixth, Twenty-third, Twenty-seventh, and Twenty-eighth Geor- 
 gia, and the Thirteenth Alabama. Soon after, the Thirteenth 
 Alabama was exchanged for. the Nineteenth Georgia Regiment. 
 
 On the 19th of September, the regiment with the entire army 
 recrossed the Potomac, and encamped in the vicinity of Win- 
 chester, until about the 25th of October ; at which time it 
 marched to Charlestown, and aided in tearing up the Winchester 
 and Harper's Ferry railroad. On the morning of the 3d of 
 November, we waded the Shenandoah, and halted for a few days 
 at Paris Gap. On the 5th marched to Front Royal ; recrossed 
 the Shenandoah on the night of the lib, in a snow storm ; and 
 arrived at Strasburg on the 11th of November. The regiment 
 was emjtloyed a few days in tearing up the Manassas Gap 
 railroad, and leaving on the 16th, marched to Gordonsville, by 
 way of New Market, which place we reached on the 2l8t. 
 About the 25th of November wc reached Port Royal, and were 
 inactive until the 13th of December, on which day we participated 
 in the first battle of Fredericksburg. In this battle the regiment 
 lost but few men. 
 
 W^e spent the winter on the Rappahannock, about four milefi 
 from the ill-fated city of Fredericksburg. The time was spent 
 in drilling, and fully equipping the troops for the coming 
 campaign. General Lee neglected nothing that was conducive 
 to the thorough discipline and orgahization of the army. Five 
 out of every twcjity days, were spent as pickets on the banks of 
 the Rajipahannock, oj)posite the splendid rewdence of Mr. Seddon, 
 brother to the present Secretary of War, which has recently bpen 
 burned to the ground, by order of Butler, the Beast. On the 
 29th day of Aj»ril, 1863, broke up camps and marched to 
 Fredericksburg. Early on the morning of May 2d, we com- . 
 menced under General Stonewall Jackson, the flank movement 
 to the enemy's right, which proved so disastrous to them, and 
 sent the Eleventh Corps of General Hooker with several others, 
 panic-stricken to the bank of the river. Attached to General 
 Jackson's Corps, General Colquitt's Brigade moved first, left in 
 front, which threw the Sixth Georgia at the head of the brigade. 
 General Jackson rode at the head of the column and personally 
 superintended everything. Everything which was done to 
 facilitate the movements of the corps, was done under big 
 
28 HEROES AND MAETYRS OF GEORGIA. ^ 
 
 immediate oye. He would direct us to the best place for 
 makinsj the most insignificant crossing, and would not leave until 
 it was completed. ISTo doubt, this personal attention to every- 
 thing concerning his corps, had much to do Avith his wonderful 
 success.* 
 
 About an hour by sun, the corps had formed line of battle at 
 what is called the Wilderness, and on the right flank of General 
 Hooker's army. The order forward was given, and through the 
 thick undergrowth which was almost impassable, with shouts and 
 yells, the corps rushed on. The pickets were encountered, and 
 crave way at once. The Yankee line of battle stood but little 
 longer than the pickets ; and in a few moments, the whole mass 
 was flying in the utmost dismay and confusion. The enemy- 
 were preparing for supper, and were not in the least expecting 
 an .attack ; and in ray opinion, darkness alone saved the army of 
 General Hooker from utter destruction. All night we remained 
 in line of battle. About ten o'clock, it began to be whispered 
 from one to another, that General Jackson was mortally wounded ;• 
 and though every efibrt was made to conceal the fact from the 
 corps, .there were few who by morning, had not learned the 
 sad intelligence. 
 
 Another secret of the success of this great and good man, was 
 that he always attacked the enemy when and where he least 
 expected an attack. I do not mean any imputation upon those 
 who assumed the command after General Jackson left the field, 
 but it was apparent to the most superficial observer, that the^ 
 corps did not move with the same buoyant, propd stop, with the 
 same air of confidence and triumph, as when their great leader 
 was at the head of the column, and when they could now and 
 then catch a gleam of his eagle eye. 
 
 The next day the regiment fought near the Chancellorsville 
 . honse, going into the fight about ten o^clock, and driving the- 
 enemy with little difficulty about a mile. We held their line until, 
 the fighting ceased, and about four o'clock retired to the rear. 
 In the two battles of the Wilderness and Chancellorsville, the 
 loss of the regiment was not heavy. The casualties in both 
 amounted to not more than fifty killed and wounded. , Hooker,, 
 whipped and baflfled by General Lee, recrossed the Rappahan- 
 nock ; and on the 6th of May the regiment rested in its old. 
 camp. Here it remained until about the 20th of the same month,, 
 when it Wfifi ordered to Kingston, North Carolina; at whick 
 
SIXTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 29 
 
 point it was stationed until the 2d of July, wlien it was ordered 
 to Kichraond, and on the 9th started for Charleston, South 
 Carolina. We arrived at Charleston on the 13th, and had a 
 slight skirmish on James Island on the 16th. While at Charles- 
 ton, from the 13th of July until February 9th, 1864, the regiment 
 did much duty, bearing its full share of all the dangerous and 
 arduous work at Battery Wagner and Fort Sumter. At both 
 places we lost some of our best soldiers. 
 
 On the 20th of January, 1864, Lieutenant Colonel Anderson 
 having resigned, ]\[ajor Arnold was promoted to the rank of 
 Lieuten.ant Colonel, having previously been appointed Major on 
 the resignation of Lieutenant Colonel Cleveland, June 16th, 1863. 
 On the 9th of February the regiment, in advance of the brigade, 
 left Charleston for Savannah, Georgia, and on the next day 
 received orders to report to General Finnegan, at Lake City, 
 Florida, which place we reached on the 14th of February. On 
 the iTth we rejoined the brigade at Olustee, and on the 20th 
 engaged in the battle of Ocean Pond. In this engagement the 
 regiment was detached from the brigade, and fought on the 
 extreme left, of the line of battle. 
 
 Whether we consider the great disparity of numbers, or the 
 result attained, this was one of the finest victories of the war. 
 With not more than (3500) thirty-five hundred men, wo 
 whipped and completely routed nearly three times that number. 
 The battle lasted for four hours ; and at one time, for at least 
 half an hour, the regiment was without ammunition, except as it 
 was obtained from the cartridge boxes of the killed and wounded. 
 Tender a heavy fire the regiment stood its ground, not giving an 
 inch. When almost the last round of ammunition was expended, 
 and the bravest began to despair, a supply of ammunition was 
 received. , About this time a portion of Colquitt's Brigade, that 
 had been held in reserve, came up, and our entire line pressed 
 forward with a shout. The enemy gave way before our invincible 
 column, and in a few moments was completely routed. A» 
 evidence of their great demoralization, the enemy passed through 
 Sanderson, ten miles below the b.attlefield, in utter disorder, 
 every man taking care of himself, and did not halt until tlwjr 
 reached Saint Mary's, eighteen miles below Olustee. In thi» 
 battle as in the skirmishes on James Island, we met negro troops. 
 The casualties in the regiment at Ocean Pond, m ere seven (7) 
 killed and fifty-five (55) wounded. The loss in tlie brigade wa& 
 
80 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 very slight, while that of the enemy could not have been less 
 than twenty-five hundred. 
 
 This battle by a single blow, ended the campaign in Florida, 
 and saved the State. General Colquitt directed all naoves upon 
 the field. On the 18th of April the regiment left Florida, and 
 on the 24th, arrived at James Island, South Carolina. On the 
 8th of May left Charleston, and arrived at Petersburg, Virginia, 
 on the 11th. On the 16th of May, the regiment under the 
 command of Lieutenant Colonel Arnold, fought most gallantly 
 at the battle of Drewry's BlufT, Colonel Loftin being in command 
 of a portion of Colquitt's Brigade, composed of the Sixth, 
 Nineteenth, and Twenty-third Georgia Regiments, the Twenty- 
 seventh and Twenty-eighth Regiments not having arrived from 
 Petersburg. General Beauregard with about eighteen thousand 
 men attacked and defeated General Butler, who, as the corres- 
 pondents from his army stated, had forty thousand men and was 
 besides strongly fortified. General Colquitt, though I believe the 
 junior Brigadier present, commanded a reserve force of his own 
 and another brigade. Early in the day the Sixth Georgia, with 
 the other regiments of the brigade, was ordered to the extreme 
 left to suppoi't General Ransom, who had partially succeeded in 
 turning the enemy's right flank. The brigade at once moved 
 over the works, and for a mile drove back the enemy, forcing 
 him at every point of that distance to abandon his entrenchments. 
 Our victory at Drewry's Blufi" was complete ; but from some 
 cause, as has usually been the case in this war, we failed to reap 
 the fruits. The regiment lost in this battle, twelve killed and 
 eighty-two wounded. 
 
 On the 31st of May we reached Cold Harbor on the north side 
 of the James River, and took position within a few hundred 
 yards of the very spot upon which the regiment had fought on 
 the 2'7th of June, 1862. On the 1st and 3d of June the enemy 
 charged our works. On the 1 st they did not come nearer than 
 three or four hundred yards, but on the 3d their efibrt was a 
 more serious one. On this day the regiment that charged in 
 front of the Sixth Georgia, lost, as we were subsequently 
 informed under flag of truce, by one of their own officers, eight 
 hundred and sixty (860) men. 
 
 Our men were perfectly cool and deliberate, and almost every 
 shot brought down its man. The ground in front of our works 
 for a hundred yards, was literally covered with the dead and 
 
SIXTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. SI 
 
 wounded. On the 3d of June the regiment left, Cold Harbor, 
 and on the 15th reached Petersburg. On the 16th the enemy 
 made a feeble effort to charge our line, but a few well directed 
 volleys broke their ranks. From the 15th of June up to the 
 present, August 14th, with short intervals of rest, the regiment 
 has been in the trenches under fire, and during that time has lost 
 twenty-four killed and eighty wounded. Day by day, two, 
 three, and even greater numbers would be killed or wounded. 
 Some of our best military men think, above everything else, 
 that this campaign in the trenches has tested the courage, endu- 
 rance and patriotism of our soldiers. 
 
 On the lih of July Lieutenant Colonel Arnold was killed in 
 the trenches by a mortar shell from the enemy. Of all the noble 
 and brave men who have given their lives to their country in 
 this gigantic struggle for liberty, no braver or nobler man has 
 fallen than Lieutenant Colonel Arnold. Gallant and fearless to 
 a fault, these were the least of his virtues. He was the very 
 soul of all that was honorable and true, and in a word, possessed 
 in the highest degree, all the attributes that mark those few noble 
 men who are an honor to their race, and who enrich the earth 
 by their presence. 
 
 After Lieutenant Colonel Arnold was pryraoted to the Lieu- 
 tenant Colonelcy of the regiment, the office of Major was vacant. 
 Captain Harris has been, since his death, promoted to the 
 Lieutenant Colonelcy, and Captain Culpepper has been promoted 
 to the rank of Major. 
 
 The Sixth Georgia Regiment has at no time failed to charge 
 the enemy when ordered ; nor has it in a single instance fled in 
 the face of the foe. It has had no minstrel to sing its praises, 
 and chooses to stand alone upon its merits. It has been 
 complimented in the highest terms by Generals D, H. Hill and 
 Beauregard, the Generals under whom with one exception, it has 
 fought all its battles. General Hill, who rarely compliments any 
 one, endorsed upon an application for furlough from this regiment, 
 these words: "Approved, because the Sixth Georgia R^^giraent 
 h.as asked but few favors, and has acted nobly upon every battle 
 field." General Beauregard made a similar endorsement upon a 
 similar application. From the organization of the regiment up 
 to the present time, the Sixth Georgia has lost two hundred and 
 thirty-eight killed, and six hundred and thirty-nine wounded. 
 
32 HEROES AND MARTYKS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 Whatever may be the future history of the regiment, its past at 
 
 least is secure. 
 
 Since the above was written, the Sixth Georgia has been again 
 engaged on the — instant, at David's Farm, on or near the 
 Weldon raih-oad. The regiment carried into action two hundred 
 and fifty guns, and lost one killed, and thirty-one wounded and 
 prisoners. It captured one thousand prisoners, four stand of 
 colors, one Brigadier General and Staff, Avith many stands of 
 small arras. 
 
 In February, John F. Cousins was appointed^ Ensign, with 
 rank of First Lieutenant, on account of distinguished gallantry. 
 
NINETEENTH REGIMENT 
 
 GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Thb record of this regiment is furnished me up to the second 
 day of August, 1864, Owing to the absence of the regimental 
 books, Colonel Keal has been unable to furnish me with correct 
 statistical matter. I can, hawever, thanks to a report the gallant 
 Colonel sent me from camp, written in Florida, make a correct 
 report of the casualties occurring in battle. Owing to the 
 incessant changes in position, and long marches of the Nineteenth, 
 it has, no doubt, like many other Georgia regiments, lost its 
 regimental book. I make this statement, however, upon my own 
 authority, and may be mistaken. I will here make the statement, 
 found in the preface, that this report was written in the trenches 
 around Petersburg, amid an incessant cannonade, with no facili- 
 ties whatever for writing. 
 
 The following are the statistics of the regiment, allowing five 
 wounded for each one killed, since the battle of Ocean Pond : 
 
 Strength of regiment since organization, . . 1,258 
 
 Killed in battle, 
 
 184 
 
 Wounded, ....... 
 
 630 
 
 Discharged, ...... 
 
 170 
 
 Died, up to March 26th, 1864, 
 
 253 
 
 Showing a real loss of ... . 
 
 607 
 
 Showing number of deaths to be, . 
 
 437 
 
 This loss would of course be augnicntcd, if I could obtain the number of 
 deaths in the repimf-nt, since March 26th. 
 
 The above Btat^-mcnt is not of course ptrictly correct; but I will &fr&\n fay, 
 thai, that part of it which is incorrect, is made upon the authority of DO 
 one but myself. 
 
 On the 11th day of June, 1861, the Nineteenth Regiment of 
 Georgia Volunteers, was mustered into the service of the Stat» 
 of Georgia, as the Second Regiment, Fourth Brigade, of Georgia 
 State Troops, with the following field officers: "VV. W. Boyd, 
 Colonel; Thomas C. Johnson, Lieutenant Colontl; and A. J. 
 HutchinB, Major. 
 ■ 
 
84 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 The regiment was put into camp of instruction, at Camp 
 McDonald, and remained there until the 2d day of August, 1861, 
 at which time the brigade was disbanded, and the regiment 
 transferred to the Confederate States, and ordered to Lynchburg, 
 Virginia. At that time the measles made their appearance in 
 camp, and raged so violently in the Nineteenth Georgia, as to 
 render it, for the period of six we'eks, almost totally uniit for duty. 
 
 On the 15th day of September the regiment reached Manassas 
 Junction, and did ordinary garrison service at that place, until 
 the 15th of December, at which time it was attached to the 
 Brigade of Brigadier General, now Major General Hampton, and 
 ordered to Occognon, to protect ^he right flank of General 
 Johnson's army, then at Cartersville. At this place, the regiment 
 did picket and fatigue duty, during the winter, and were in two 
 or three skirmishes with the enemy ; in one of which, near 
 Polwick Church, considerable damage was done the enemy, and 
 one man of Company K, wounded, which was the first wound 
 ever received in the regiment. 
 
 On the 10th of March, 1862, the whole army abandoned its 
 position in front of the enemy. Hampton's Brigade retreated to 
 Fredericksburg, a distance of forty-five miles, and was there 
 attached to General Whiting's Division. Nothing occurred at 
 •this place, until the 10th of April, when the forces about Fred- 
 ericksburg took up the line of march for Torktown. 
 
 The weather was very inclement. The streams very much 
 swollen, and the snow and rflin rapidly falling, soon brought 
 about a scene of misery hard to delineate. Many men becoming 
 thoroughly exhausted upon the line of march, were left at the 
 farm houses along the road, or sent to hospitals. The army 
 reached Milford Station on the second day, and then proceeded 
 by railroad to Ashland. From this place, the regiment again 
 took up the line of march for Yorktown on the 15th, and after 
 a successful and pleasant march of four days, went into encamp- 
 ment at Eagle Farm, near that place. General Whiting's was 
 one of the reserve divisions at Yorktown, so that the regiment 
 had no active duty to perform. On the 3d day of May, York- 
 .town was evacuated, and the retreat to Richmond began; and 
 here also, the real hardships, privations aftd dangers, began. 
 General Whiting's Division was the rear guard of the army much 
 of the time. 
 
 While the battle of Williamsburg was being fought, the.divi- 
 
NINETEENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 35 
 
 sion was pushed rapidly forward to West Point, to prevent the 
 enemy, who was landing there, from cutting off the retreat of 
 the army. This re<ximeut jtarticnlarly, together with the balance 
 of Hampton's l^rigade, engaged tlie enemy near West Point, 
 about the 12th of INtay, and held them in check, until the army 
 filed past, and then, at one o'clock in the morning, resumed the 
 retreat, under cover of the darkness, to Richmond. Hampton's 
 Brigade was in the rear, and was frequently formed in line of 
 battle, to repel the threatened attacks of the enemy, who closely 
 pursued us. The weather. was intensely cold, and the roads 
 as rough and muddy as possible. Rations were very short, and 
 indeed, every discomfort the vocabulary could name for a retreat- 
 ing army prevailed. 
 
 The retreat from Yorktown is still referred to in the regiment, 
 as the greatest hardships this army has ever experienced, bear- 
 ing the Chickahoniiny, Whiting's Division was again hurried to 
 the front, and halted for four days, while the whole array filed 
 past, and then fell in the rear, and crossed the river last of all, 
 at three o'clock, on a dark, rainy, stormy morning, after standing 
 in the road all night. Three days after the regiment went into 
 camp, near Richmond. 
 
 The regiment lost a large number of men from disease, con- 
 tracted on the retreat from Yorktown. Many recruits had just 
 come in, and were, of course, subject to all camp diseases. 
 Others, old members of the regiment, were suffering from the 
 effects of measles, and the systems of all were so affected, as to 
 render them peculiarly liable to contract disease, from the malaria 
 arising from the Cliickahominy swamp, where we were encamped 
 for the enstiing six weeks. Men died rapidly, and nearly all 
 were mur-h debilitated by the " soldier's scourge," camp diarrhoea. 
 
 On the last day of May the regiment participated in the battle 
 of Seven Pines, engaging the extreme right of the enemy ; but 
 after three unsuccessful charges, the division fell back at nine 
 o'clock at night. The losses in this regiment in this battle, was 
 about forty men killed and wounded. After this battle, the 
 Nineteenth Georgia was transferred into Archer's Brigade, A. P. 
 Hill's Light l^ivision, and performed the usual picket and fatigue 
 duties, in the Cliickahominy swamp, until the 26th of June, on 
 which day it went into the battle of Mechanicsville, with about 
 four hundred men. In this battle the regiment distinguished 
 itself, and was highly complimented by General Archer, whose 
 
86 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 character, as a stern, exacting, brave officer, rendered his compli- 
 ments expressive of something. The regiment lost in this battle, 
 one hundred and eighty -five men. The next day it was engaged 
 in the battle of Gaines' Mill, and did its whole duty. Loss not 
 remembered, but it was heavy. The regiment was again engaged 
 at Frazier's Farm, and also at Malvern Hill, with considerable 
 loss, and was ordered to inscribe the names of the four battles 
 upon its banner. 
 
 At Mechanic9ville, Lieutenant Colonel Johnson lost his life. 
 He was a most gallant and efficient officer, and had been in com- 
 mand of the regiment almost constantly from the time it reached 
 Virginia until his death, owing to the ill health of Colonel Boyd. 
 Major Hutchins was promoted to be Lieutenant Colonel, and 
 Captain Neal, of Company B, to be Major. Lieutenants Dunlop 
 and Brownfield, Company K, gallant, noble fellows, were killed 
 at Mechanicsville, and a large number of the best officers and men 
 in the regiment were killed, or mortally wounded, in the four bat- ' 
 ties. Lieutenant Stovall, Company A, was mortally wounded. 
 
 The Nineteenth engaged in the pursuit of McClellan's army to 
 Harrison's Landing, and was then recalled to Richmond, and 
 sent by railroad to Gordonsville, with General Jackson, in whose 
 command it had been since the beginning of the battles known 
 as the " Seven days " battles around Richmond." 
 
 On the 9th of August we were engaged in the battle of Cedar 
 Mountain, and in it lost one-third of the men carried into action. 
 We then commenced the march into Maryland, participating in 
 the battles on the Rappahannock. Three days at Manassas, and 
 at Germantown, was the command engaged, losing at Manassas 
 (again) one-third of the men pres>ent. 
 
 Crossing the Potomac near Leesburg, this regiment entered 
 Frederick City and remained in camp four days, at the end of 
 which time it marched by way of Boonsborough to Williams- 
 port, recrossed the Potomac, captured Martinsburg, and on the 
 13th day of September camped before Harper's Ferry. On the 
 15th of same month, the place was surrendered with (»ver eleven 
 thousand prisoners, and a vast quantity of stores of all kinds. 
 On the morning of the 17th, the light division began the march 
 to Sharpsburg. At two o'clock in the evening crossed the 
 Potomac and formed into line on the extreme right, where the 
 enemy were fast pressing back our lines. Archer's Brigade was 
 first in line, and immediately charged the enemy without waiting 
 
NINETEENTH GEORGIA llEQIMENT. 87 
 
 for the balance of the division. The enemy in large force was 
 driven in confusion from a strong position behind a stone fence, 
 and the effort to turn our right flank cflTectnally checked. In 
 this charge more than one-half of the Nineteenth Georgia were 
 killed and wovmded. The division held its position until the 
 night of the 18th, when it withdrew, with the army, across the 
 Potomac. On the 20th, a force of the enemy having crossed in 
 pursuit, Archer's Brigade and other troops turned and attacked 
 him at Shepherdstown, inflicting serious loss on the enemy. In 
 this affriir the loss of the regiment was thirty men killed and 
 wounded. 
 
 The regiment remained about " Bunker Hill and Berryville " 
 tmtil November 261 h, without any event requiring notice, except 
 a skirmish with the enemy at " Snicker's Ferry," in which forty 
 Yankees were killed and wounded, without any loss whatever to 
 this regiment. No other infantry was engaged in this skirmish. 
 While in the Valley much time was spent in destroying the 
 Baltimore and Ohio railroad ; also the Winchester road. 
 
 On the 26th of November the division began the march* to 
 Fredericksburg, and reached that place after an exceedingly 
 ]ilea8ant march of twelve (12) days. On the 13th of December, 
 1862, the brigade occupied the right of the line, there being an 
 interval of threes hundred (300) yards between it and the next 
 brigade on our left. The Nineteenth Georgia was situated upon 
 the extreme left of the brigade, next to the open space betAveen it 
 and the next brigade. The enemy charged our front in heavier 
 force than has ever been seen by any member of this regiment, 
 on any field of battle in this revolution. Notwithstanding the 
 overwhelming odds opposed to us, the assault was re[iulsed with 
 most terrible loss to the enemy and comparatively small loss in 
 this regiment. We were congratulating ourselves upon the 
 handsome rejjulse we had given the enemy, when suddenly it 
 was disfovered that a large force of the enemy had passed the 
 interval }»etween the Nineteenth Georgia and the next brigade ; 
 and at the same time they opened fire upon our flank and rear 
 simnltanoously ; some confusion occurred, as the firing Ix-r-nme 
 HO heavy that no command could bo heard. The regiment lost 
 in this action eighty-seven (87) men, killed and woimded, and 
 one hundred and seven (lOT) taken prisoners by the rnomy. This 
 is the only occasion upon wliicli the line of ihiv regiment has 
 
38 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 been broken, and in this case no impression was made by the 
 attack in front.* 
 
 Colonel Boyd having resigned on the 12th of January, 1863, 
 Lieutenant Colonel Hutchins was promoted Colonel, Major Neal 
 was appointed Lieutenant Colonel, and Captain Hooper raised 
 to the rank of Major. General Archer's Brigade Avent into 
 camps near Grace Church, and on the 22d of January, the 
 Nineteenth Georgia Kegiment was transferred to General Col- 
 quitt's Georgia Brigade, composed of tlie Sixth, Twenty-third, 
 T^^•enty-seveuth and Twenty-eighth Georgia Regiments, and the 
 Thirteenth Alabama Regiment, which was exchanged for the 
 Nineteenth Georgia. 
 
 The winter of this part of the year 1863, was spent along the 
 Rappahannock, below Fredericksburg, until the battle of Chan- 
 cellorsville and Wilderness, on the 1st and 3d of May, 1863. 
 This regiment participated in both of said battles, losing about 
 forty-five (45) men killed and wounded. About the 20th of 
 May the brigade was ordered to Kinston, North Carolina, and 
 remained quietly there until July 3d, when it was ordered to 
 report immediately to Richmond, to repel an expected raid of 
 the enemy. On the 9th of July it was ordered to Charleston, 
 South Carolina, and reached that place on the 14th instant. On 
 the 15th, two regiments of the brigade (the Sixth and Nineteenth) 
 went to James Island, and on the 16th instant, engaged the 
 enemy slightly, this regiment losing two men, and killing wound- 
 ing or capturing sixty negroes. 
 
 Colonel Hutchins having resigned his commission on the 20th 
 of August, 1863, Lieutenant Colonel Neal was promoted to the 
 Colonelcy, and Major Hooper having previously resigned. Cap- 
 tain Flynt was appointed Lieutenant Colonel, and Captain Mabry 
 was promoted Major. The regiment reraahied in the vicinity of 
 Charleston until the 10th of February, 1864, doinif heavy duty at 
 Battery Wagner, Fort Sumter, and Fort Johnson, and then 
 started for Florida, but was halted and marched to Johns Island 
 to meet a demonstration being made by the enemy ; but they 
 knowing the force which would be opposed to them, retired, and 
 the trip to Florida was resumed ; and on the 1 7th of February 
 the regiment and brigade reached Olustee, Florida. On the 20tli 
 of said month the battle of Ocean Pond was fought, in which 
 
 *No blame can possibly attach to this regiment for this unfortunate affair, 
 as the reverse must have been owing to the defective line. 
 
NINETEENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. S9 
 
 Colquitt's bricTfide was heavily engaged. The Nineteenth Georgia 
 was under a heavy lire (for four hours) of small arms, and much 
 of that time had no ammunition with which to return the fire. 
 It had, nevertheless, captured three guns and caissons early in the 
 battle. The loss of this regiment in this battle was ninety-seven 
 killed and wounded. This effectual victory over the Yankees 
 closed the campaign in Florida, and we remained quietly in camps 
 until the 18th of April, when wo were ordered to return to Vir- 
 ginia. The regiment made a" start and had reached Florence, 
 when we were ordered to take the back track to Sullivan's Island, 
 Charleston harbor. It remained here but three days, when it 
 was again ordered to Virginia, and reached Petersburg on tho 
 13th day of May, 1864. 
 
 On the 16th of May an attack was made upon the enemy near 
 Drewry's Bluff. The Nineteenth was eng.aged and lost thirty- 
 four (34) men. It rem.'xined on the line Jiear Bermuda Hundreds 
 for a fortnight, and then marched to Cold Harbor, reaching that 
 place just in time to check the advance of the enemy, who were 
 driving our cavalry before them. Breastworks were hastily 
 constructed at night, and at dawn the enemy charged the line, 
 and were handsomely repulsed with sickening slaughter. Tho 
 loss to the Nineteenth was trifling. This line was held under a 
 concentrated fire of artillery for two weeks, and we left it only 
 when the enemy abandoned his line and parched to the south 
 side of the James Ili\ er. 
 
 At Cold Harbor, the line of Colquitt's Brigade was about 
 identical with that from which it had driven the enemy, two 
 years before. Leaving Cold Harbor about the loth of June, 
 the brigade reache<l Petersburg at eleven o'clock, on the evening 
 of the 16th. The enemy having taken our line of works from 
 the local troops, at six o'clock on the s.ime evening, wo fonnd 
 every thing in great confusion. No information cor.ld be 
 obtained, as to the force or position of the enemy. No one knew 
 how much of our line they occupied. Not a picket was between 
 the enemy and Petersburg. Haygood's South Carolina Brigade, 
 and this, (Colquitt's,) formed a line, and began to entrench. By 
 morning a large number of troops ha<l arrived and were now 
 in position to receive the expected assault. 
 
 The Yankees attacked several positions on our line, but did 
 not molest this brigade. It having been discovered that our line 
 was defective, on the night of the 17th the troops were all 
 
40 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 withdrawn to a line we had constructed about half a mile in the 
 rear of our brigade. At dawn on the 18th, the enemy discov- 
 ered that we were gone, and evidently thought that Petersburg 
 was evacuated, and their way open to that city. They came 
 charging and shouting as if no resistance was anticipated. As 
 soon as they emerged from the woods, we unexpectedly opened 
 fire on them, and soon eifectually checked their advance. They 
 fell back in great confusion to the woods. At two o'clock the 
 same day, they charged the Nineteenth in very heavy force, but 
 with the aid of the other regiments of the brigade, we succeeded 
 in repulsing them. They left a large number of dead and 
 wounded on the field ; and indeed, so severely punished were 
 they, that they have not since attempted an assault upon that 
 part of the line, but have contented themselves with sharp-shoot- 
 ing and artillery firing upon us. 
 
 From that time until the present, the Nineteenth has been 
 upon the same line, with occasional short intervals of rest. It 
 has been subjected to a heavy fire of sharp-shooters and very 
 severe shelling, especially from mortar. The duty is very heavy 
 and has caused much sickness in the regiment. 
 
 During the fifty-two days spent here, the privations and 
 hardships endured, have been greater than for any six montljs of 
 the war. The heat in the ditches has been intense. Rations* 
 have been short. Ma^y of the ofiicers and men have been for 
 six weeks without a change of clothing. Yet in spite of all, 
 they are confident and in the very best of spirits. This regiment 
 has participated in as many engagements as any other Georgia 
 regiment, except perhaps one or two, and on no occasion has it 
 failed to do its Avhole duty. It is impossible to mention individual 
 instances of gallantry without doing injustice to many good men. 
 The limit allowed will not admit of a more detailed account of 
 the operations of this regiment. The Nineteenth Georgia has 
 fought in every battle in which the Army of Northern Virginia 
 has been engaged, except Gettysburg, Wilderness, and Spottsyl- 
 vania; and in place of these, participated in the battles of Ocean 
 Pond, Drewry's BluS*, and in the siege of Charleston, including 
 Fort Sumter and Battery Wagner. The history of A. P. Hill's 
 Division in the campaign of 1862, is a history of this regiment ; 
 since that time it has been identified with Colquitt's Brigade. 
 
 Independent of the above report I give names of two heroes of Georgia :— 
 W. J. Y. Wood, Ensign Nineteenth Georgia. From ftaquiry among hia 
 
NIN*KTEENTH GEORGIA JREGIMENT. 41 
 
 comrades, I find thia young man is particularly noted among hie comrades for 
 an indomitable courage, which has shown conspicuous upon every battlefield, 
 upon which liis regiment has been engaged. He has repeatedly led his 
 regiment into action, proudly flaunting the Southern Cross in the face of the 
 foe. 
 
 John Merritt, Company 11, Nineteenth Georgia, was wounded at Ocean Pond, 
 Florida. He obtained a furlough to return to his home in Paulding County. 
 The retrograde movement of General Johnson's Army, left him in the Yankee 
 lines. Ho was taken prisoner and sent to Todd's Barracks, Ohio. There 
 being a number of Yankee draft«d men confined with him, who were continu- 
 ally deserting, ho conceived the bold project of escaping by representing 
 himself as one of the deserters. He did so successfully, and after many 
 vicissitudes, was sent to Grant's Army, where after staying several daj-s, he 
 managed to escape into our lines in front of Petersburg, bringing with him 
 three Yankee deserters. General Hoke appointed him his courier immediately 
 upon his arrival. 
 
TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT 
 
 GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS 
 
 STATISTICAL RECORD OF TWENTY-THIRD GEORGIA. 
 
 Number of men originally enlisted, . . . . 794 
 Number of recruits received, ..... 264 
 Number of conscripts received, ..... 37 
 Number of men received by transfer, .... 23 
 Number of officers received by appointment, election, pro- 
 motion, and transfer, . . . . 13 
 
 Total strength of regiment, . . 1131 
 
 LOSSES IN OFFICERS. 
 
 Resigned for disability) 24 
 
 Resigned for wounds, 4 
 
 Resigned for other causes, 6 
 
 Dismissed, 3 
 
 Transferred, T 
 
 Promoted to other commands, T 
 
 Killed in action 8 
 
 Died of wounds, 8 
 
 Died of disease 2 
 
 Deserted, 1 
 
 Total loss in officers, 65 
 
 LOSSES nj ENLISTED MEN. 
 
 Discharged for disability , 109 
 
 Discharged by order, 12 
 
 Discharged by civil authority, 1 
 
 Discharged for promotion, 8 
 
 Killed in action, 103 
 
 Died of wounds, 42 
 
 Died of disease, . . , 173 
 
 Transferred, . . . . . . . . 19 
 
 Missing in action and supposed dead, .... 6 
 
 Deserted . . ' 90 
 
 Wounded in action 340 
 
 Disabled by service, 22 
 
 * Actual loss of the regiment, . . . , . 660 
 
 Total both permanently and temporarily lost, . flflO 
 
 Total loss by death 387 
 
 ♦Independent of those wounded in action amounting to 840 men. 
 
TWENTY-THIRD GEORGIA REGIMENT. 48 
 
 Owing to some error, perhaps in my own calculations of statistics of this 
 regiment, I am unable to make a correct balance. There is a difference, 
 however, of only three men, between the report handed mo and my own 
 calculation. 
 
 It will be seen by the foregoing that the Twenty-third Georgia has lost by 
 death three hundred and thirty-seven men ; by death, discharge, promotions, 
 transfers, <tc., Ac, tix hundred and fifty. And counting the number of men 
 who have been w6nnded, (all of whom are in all probability with the 
 regiment now) the loss which of course is partially temporary, amounts to 
 nine hundred and ninety men. 
 
 The Twenty-third Georgia was organized at Camp McDon.ild, 
 Georgia, on the 31st day of August, 1861, entirely eomposed of 
 companies from the Cherokee counties of Georgia, and were 
 enlisted and mustered into the service for the war. The following 
 are the names of the officers commanding the companies, and 
 the counties to which they belong : — 
 
 Company A, Captain Pool, Bartow County. 
 
 Company B, Captain James II. Hnggins, Union County, 
 
 Company C, Captain M. R. Ballenger, Floyd County. 
 
 Company D, Captain John Steel, Pickens County. 
 
 Company E, Captain Samuel Tate, Pickens Count}'. 
 
 Company F, Captain B. F. King, Cobb Pounty. 
 
 Company G, Captain J. A. Sharp, Cherokee County. 
 
 Company H, Captain F. M. Young, Walker County. 
 
 Company I, Captain Thomas Hutcherson, Gordon and-Cherokee Counties. 
 
 Company K, Captain W. P. Barclay, Union County. 
 
 After tlie aforementioned companies were mustered into 
 service, the organization was perfected by the election of Captain 
 Thomas Hutcherson to the Colonelcy, Captain W. P. Barclay to 
 the Lieutenant Colonelcy, and E. F. Ikst to the Majority. Dr. 
 S. W. Thompson received the appointment of Surgeon, Dr. J. H. 
 Spear that of Assistant Surgeon. Dr. William Bacon was 
 appointed Assistnni Quartermaster, Warren Moss, Commissary, 
 and C. C. Sanders, Adjutant. ' 
 
 The regiment remained in Camp of Instruction until about the 
 10th day of Novombfr, 1»«1, when it was ordered to Kichmond 
 Virginia. Remaining at liichmond but Ti very short time, it was 
 ordered to Yorktown, where it remained until the ev.icuation of 
 that ]>lace, which event occurred on the 3d day of May, 1862. 
 During this eventful sirge the rogiment was commanded Hy 
 Lieutenant Colonel Barclay. While at this point it was assigned 
 to the brigade of Gener.al Rains, in the division of Major 
 General D. IL Hill. 
 
44 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 After the retreat commenced, the regiment was on the field of 
 the Battle of Williamsburg, but Avere not in the engagement. 
 The hardships, privations and sufferings endui-ed during this 
 tedious retreat, were very severe, and in the opinion of many, 
 only excelled by the disastrous retreat of Napoleon Bonaparte 
 from Moscow. Certain it is, that no march or retreat during 
 this war, can bear any comparison to it. The Twenty-third 
 suffered very severely,— many men died from the sufferings and 
 exposure they underwent ; and when we reached Richmond or 
 its vicinity, not more than one half the men and officers reported 
 for duty. 
 
 The Battle of Seven Pines, fought upon the 31st day of May, 
 1862, was the first engagement in which this regiment was 
 regularly engaged. The regiment went into the fight commanded 
 by Lieutenant Colonel Barclay with four hundred men, and lost 
 eighty men killed and wounded. After the fight was over, the 
 regiment was publicly complimented by General D. H. Hill for 
 the conspicuous gallantry which it had displayed during the fight. 
 He said that it was owing to the manner in which the Twenty- 
 third Georgia had conducted itself, that the tide of battle was 
 turned in favor of the Confe'derate Army on that bloody day. 
 
 The next engagement iu which this regiment was a participant, 
 was the Battle of Mechauicsville, which was fought on the 26th 
 day of June, 1862. In this fight the command of the Twenty- 
 third Georgia devolved upon Major Best. In this action the 
 brigade was surprised and thrown into confusion ; but owing to 
 the indefatigable exertions of Captain Huggins assisted by other 
 officers, order was restored. Captain Huggins retained command 
 until the enemy had disappeared from our front. The loss hi 
 the Twenty-third in this fight was slight. The regiment was 
 engaged in the Battle of Cold Harbor the same day, and two 
 days afterwards, participated in the Battle of White Oak Swamp, 
 and the day afterwards, was again engaged in the terrible Battle 
 of Malvern Hill. In all these engagements we were commanded 
 by Captain Huggins, and lost very heavily iu killed and wounded. 
 Soon after the battles around Richmond, Lieutenant Colonel 
 Barclay was promoted to Colonel to fill the vacancy occasioned 
 by the resignation of Colonel Hutcherson, Major Best was 
 promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, and Captain Huggins to Major. 
 
 The next active service performed by the regiment, was during 
 the world-renowned campaign into the State of Maryland. The 
 
TWENTY-THIRD GEORGIA REGIMENT. 45 
 
 march was executed without any incident coniTected with the 
 regiment worthy of notice, until the Battle of South Mountain, 
 or as it is perhaps equally as generally called, the Battle of 
 Boonsboro, at which place the Twenty-third Georgia acted a 
 very conspicuous part. It held a very important position on the 
 left of the turnpike, where it winds through a pass in the 
 mountains, against very heiivy odds, and inflicted heavy loss 
 upon the enemy. This position was held in the face of an 
 overpowering foe, when our ammunition was so nearly exhausted 
 that we could only keep up a show of fight by an irregular, 
 scattering fire. As evidence of the heat of the engagement, the 
 loss of this gallant regiment, amounting to ninety men killed and 
 wounded, out of three hundred carried into action, will sufii- 
 ciently testify. In this fight at least seventy thousand Yankees 
 were beaten back and kept back for many hours by Major 
 General D. 11. Hill's Division alone. 
 
 Three days after the Battle of South Mountain, the fight of 
 Sharpsburg was inaugurated, that is, on the 17th day of Septem- 
 ber, 1862. In this dreadful fight the Twenty-thiid Georgia 
 suffered very heavily. Among the number slain was the gallant 
 Colonel Barclay, who had so often led the regiment to victory, 
 and who had displayed conspicuous gallantry upon every field 
 where it h.ad been his fortune to lead. The regiment suflfered an 
 irre|>arable loss in his death. 
 
 After the death of Colonel Barclay, Lieutenant Colonel Best 
 was promoted to the rank of Colonel, Major Huggins to Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel, and Captain M. R. Ballenger to Major. All oi 
 these officers having been wounded, the command of the regiment 
 devolved upon a captain for several months, during which time 
 the regiment marched with the army from the Potomac near 
 Shepherdstown, to Fredericksburg, the men suffering extraordi- 
 nary privations upon the march, which was almost equal to the 
 horrid retreat from Yorklown. ]\Iany of the men without a 
 murmur, walked barelboted through the snow for days, until 
 they were ordered by General D. II. Hill to make and wear raw 
 hide moccasins, to which however they were very much oji'posed, 
 as they were exceedingly uncomfortable. 
 
 Commanded V)y Captain Sharj), the regiment was in the Battle 
 of Fredericksburg, but was not closely engaged. The loss in 
 this fight amounted to only five killed and wounded. Shortly 
 after this Colonel Best returned to the regiment, and wa.s ,in 
 
46 HteROES AND MARTYBS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 command at the Battle of Chancellorsville, which was fought 
 May 2d and 3d, 1863. The Twenty-third Georgia was detached 
 from the brigade to protect a wagon train, while the army was 
 making a flank movement. The enemy discovering our move- 
 ment, and thinking that it was a retreat of the entire army, 
 ordered General Sickles to make a reconnoissance in force, to 
 discover what our movement really was. He obeyed the order, 
 and at the head of twenty thousand men, marched down upon 
 the devoted Twenty-third. He maneuvered to capture the 
 wagon train, but after cbnsiderable skirmishing, pending which 
 the wagon train escaped, he only succeeded in capturing one 
 hundred and ninety men and officers of this regiment. By thus 
 standing our ground firmly agatnst the outrageously overwhelm- 
 ing numbers of the enemy, we saved the wagon train at the 
 expense of the before enumerated prisoners. These same were 
 exchanged about three weeks afterward and returned to the 
 regiment. 
 
 The regiment shortly after this affair, on or about the 20th of 
 May, 'was ordered to Kinston, North Carolina. After staying at 
 Kinston a few weeks, we were ordered back to Richmond to 
 repel a raid of the enemy's cavalry. Spending a few days at 
 Richmond, the regiment was ordered to Wilmington, North 
 Carolina, where after staying a few weeks, it was ordered to 
 Charleston, South Carolina. Here it spent the Avinter of 1863, 
 seeing during the time, a tour of eight days in Battery Wagner, 
 which was certainly the most disagreeble duty the members of 
 the Twenty-third had ever before performed. Some of our best 
 men Avere lost upon this Island, number not remembered. Upon 
 being relieved, we were placed on board the ill-fated steamer 
 Sumter, which, as we went up the harbor, was fired upon and 
 sunk by our guns at Fort Moultrie ; but very fortunately and 
 almost miraculously, we lost no men at all by the accident. The 
 regiment was at this time commanded by Major Ballenger. 
 
 After the evacuation of Morris Island, fifty men of the 
 Twenty-third were detailed for duty in Fort Sumter, where the 
 duties were very onerous upon both officers and men. When 
 the enemy landed upon John's Island, the Twenty-third Avas sen 
 to the relief of General Wise, who was gradually retiring before 
 them ; but before the brigade to which this regiment belonged, 
 General A. H. Colquitt's, got into position, they retired without 
 giving battle. Immediately after this little affair, the regiment 
 
TWENTY-THIRD GEORGIA REGIMENT. 47 
 
 with the brigade composed of tho Sixth, Nineteenth, Twenty- 
 third, Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Georgia Regiments, 
 was ordered to report to General Finnegan, who commanded the 
 Floridians, at Ohistee in the State of Florida. 
 
 On the 20th day of February, 1864, we met the enemy at 
 Ocean Pond, and we can truly say "t?em, vidi, vicV^ The battle 
 was long and bloody ; but the dash and enthusiasm of our 
 Southern boys could not be resisted. The Yankees fell into 
 confusion, broke and fled, throwing away guns, knapsacks, 
 accoutrements, and everything which could impede a precipitate 
 retreat. This was one of the most signal victories that the God 
 of war has ever allowed to perch upon our banners. The Twen- 
 ty-third Georgia was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Huggins 
 in this fight, and acquitted itself with honor. Loss in this fight 
 was seventy-five men out of three hundred. Very soon after the 
 Battle of Ocean Pond, the regiment, and in fact the whole 
 brigade, was ordered back to Charleston, South Carolina. ■ After 
 remaining but a very few days in Charleston, we were ordered' 
 to return to Virginia. The regiment reached Petersburg {^-hile 
 the enemy held the Richmond and Petersburg railroad. 
 
 We made a very liard march in one night from Petersburg to 
 Drewry's Bluff, around the flank of the enemy, with the 
 remainder of the brigade, as an escort to General Beauregard. 
 The regiment was in the Battle of Drewry's Bluff on the 16th of 
 May, commanded by Major Balleuger. The Twenty-third, 
 advanced with two other regiments of the brigade, half a mile 
 in front of the main line of our army, and drove the enemy from 
 a thick piece of woods where they had taken position. We 
 afterwards crossed the road with the other regiments, iruthe rear 
 of the enemy, and drove them from their breastworks, which 
 they held in front of our men. The victory over the Federals at 
 this point was complete; but its results were not as great as 
 might have been suspected, for the groat advantage we had 
 gained .over them was not followed up as it might have been, 
 owing perhaps, or I should say do doubt, to some cause which 
 has not been made public, or which was not known to the army 
 itself. 
 
 The next move of tho regiment was to Cold Harbor, where 
 on thn Ist and Hd days of June it nobly repulsed the desperate 
 charges of the enemy, inflicting the most severe punishment on 
 the drunken rabble of Grant. The ground was literally covered 
 
48 HEROES AND MABTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 with the slain of the enemy, with a very trifling loss on our part. 
 The regiment was here commanded by Major Ballenger. This 
 was the second time this command liad met the enemy upon tho 
 field of Cold Harbor, and the position of the Twenty-third Avas 
 nearly identical with that it occupied two years before, about 
 the 2nh or 28th of June, 1862. 
 
 Grant's move to the sonth side of tho James caused another 
 movement of the army; and Colquitt's Brigade moved to Peters- 
 burg, where it held an important position in the line during the 
 siege, and repulsed two assaults of the enemy upon the hne. The 
 labor and hardships were very severe here, but were well borne 
 and endured with the greatest fortitude by the troops of a young 
 nation struggling to be free. Colonel Huggins, who had recently 
 been promoted to fill the vacancy occasioned by the dismissal of 
 Colonel Best, commanded during the siege. The enlisted men 
 have borne their part most nobly throughout the war, and 
 deserve the highest plaudits of their countrymen. 
 
 The following are the names of persons noted for their 
 gallarftry, but for the want of proper records, the peculiar acts 
 of bravery by which they are distinguished, cannot be given. 
 
 Captain A. Young, Company K ; Captain M. R. Ballenger, 
 Company C ; Lieutenant William F. Smith, Company I ; Joseph 
 Adkins, Company B; Lieutenant J. M. Steel, Company I; 
 Corporal J. M. Reeves, Company D ; Privates R. C. Brock and 
 John Hambrick, Company E ; and Private E. D. Cullence ; at 
 Seven Pines. 
 
 Privates H. H. McGuire, H. Elison, D. H. House, in the 
 Battles before Richmond. 
 
 J. B. pulton, B. C. Fulton, J, A. Cosner, and L. P. Parker, 
 Company I, at South Mountain, Maryland. 
 
 A great many other ofiicers and men have performed equally 
 as gallant acts as those whose names appear above; but the 
 ofiicers commanding have usually refused to make any distinctions 
 where nearly all act their part well. 
 
 Owing to the frequent changes in the officers commanding this regiment, 
 there has been no correct record kept of dates, battles, Ac, and I have been 
 compelled to supply the dates in most cases myself. Many of them may 
 therefore be incorrect, but they are very nearly right. Below I subjoin a 
 letter from Colonel Huggins, which will place him and his regiment right 
 before the public, as regards the limited material with which he has supplied 
 
TWENTY-THIRD GEORGIA REGIMENT. 49 
 
 Petersburg, Virginia, August Zd, 1864. 
 
 Colonel Folsom, — Dear Sir : — I enclose to you a very imperfectly 
 arranged history of the Twenty-third Georgia, prepared under circumstances 
 that make it next to impossible to mf\ke it what it should be. No record of 
 battles, marches and events has been kept, consequentlj' this report is mado 
 almost entirely from memory. Besides the foregoing, we are constantly on 
 the front lines, near the enemy, and have but little time to devote to such 
 duties, notwithstanding we feel deeply interested in your history of the 
 regiments from our noble old mother State. 
 
 With high regard and esteem, 
 u> Your obedient servant, 
 
 "** Jamkb H. Hcooins, 
 
 Colonel commanding Tuxnty-third Georgia Regiment. 
 
TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT 
 
 GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The Twenty-eighth Regiment of Georgia Vohinteers, then 
 known as the Twentieth Regiment, was organized at Camp 
 Stephens near Griffin, Georgia, on the 4th day of September, 
 1861, by the election of T. J. Worthen from Washington 
 County, as Colonel; G» A. Hall from Merri wether, as Lieutenant 
 Colonel, and James G. Cain from Jeiferson, as Major. On the 
 10th of September the regiment was mustered into the Confede- 
 rate service by Major Calhoun, and was then composed of the 
 following eight companies, two having been previously ordered 
 by Governor Brown to different commands: — Companies A, B 
 and H, from Washington County ; Compajiy C from Richmond ; 
 Company D from Cherokee ; Company E from Merriwether ; 
 Company I from Jefferson, and Company K from Emanuel. 
 
 The regiment remained at Camp Stephens for instruction in 
 the drill and manual, until the 4th of November. On the 25th 
 of September the ladies of Merriwether County presented to the 
 regimentamost beautiful Confederate banner, which was received 
 by Captain Crawford of Company C, with a few happy and 
 eloquent remarks. On the 4th of November the regiment 
 received orders to proceed to Richmond, where it arrived on the 
 8th, and encamped on Fulton Hill near the city. While here 
 two companies which had formerly been attached to the Eigh- 
 teenth Georgia Regiment, Company F from Cherokee, and 
 Company G from Gordon Counties, were attached to this 
 regiment, thus completing the required number of companies for 
 its proper organization. At the same time the regiijient was 
 known at the War Department as the Twenty-eighth Regiment 
 of Georgia Volunteers, several Georgia regiments having been 
 previously mustered into the Confederate service, independent of 
 the state organization. ; 
 
 On the I7th of November the regiment received orders to 
 proceed to Manassas Junction, and arrived at that place on the 
 
• TWENTY-EIGHTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 61 
 
 1 8th. Here it remained on post duty until the 30th of December, 
 when it moved into winter (quarters about one mile and a half 
 from the Junction. During this time the regiment suffered 
 severely from disease, and a great many valuable men were lost. 
 Diseases wqre more frequent and dangerous, as many of the men 
 had but just recovered from attacks of measles and camp fever, 
 contracted during tlieir stay in Georgia, relapsed again on accoimt 
 of the cold climate and the cold and inclement weatlier, during 
 which they were greatly exposed by night standing guard, and 
 by day doing fatigue duty. And their diseases would frequently 
 end in their death, as our hospital accommodations were very 
 limited, and in some cases even the sick were not properly cared 
 for with the necessary attentions. During one period, the 
 diseases in tlie regiment were so frequent and severe, that the 
 aggregate number reported for duty did not amount to more 
 than forty (40) men. Toward the beginning of February, 1862, 
 the regiment recovered in a considerable degree its health. 
 ^ Upon the 18th of February the Twenty-eighth Georgia 
 Teceivod orders to leave Manassas Junction, and upon that 
 memorable retreat it only had a very few sick. At Manassas 
 the regiment was armed with the Springfield musket, having 
 come from Georgia unarmed. On the 19th of F'ebruary the 
 regiment took. up the line of march southward, having previously 
 been joined to a brigade with the Twenty-seventh Georgia, 
 Fourth North Carolina, and Forty-ninth Virginia Regiments, 
 under command of Colonel G. W. Anderson, of North Carolina. 
 After two days of marching the regiment arrived at the Rappa- 
 hannock river, and after fording that stream near Rappahannock 
 Station on the Orange and Alexandria railroad, encamped near 
 the southern bank. Here the troops remained about a week, 
 when they again, in conjunction with the brigade, took up the 
 line of march, and passing through Culpepper Court House, 
 crossed the Rapidan river near Rapidan Station on the Orange 
 .and Alexandria railroad, and encamped upon Clark's Mountain, 
 about four miles from the river. Here the regiment remained 
 until about the 4th of April, 1862, when it proceeded by 
 railroad to Richmond, and from thence on a steamboat down the 
 James river to King's Landing, about fifteen miles from York- 
 town, at which place the regiment, after a hot and tedious march^ 
 arrived on the evening of the 6th of April, 1862. 
 
 One day after its arrival at Yorktown, the regiment under the 
 
52 HEEOES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA, 
 
 command of Lieutenant Colonel Hall, Colonel Wortlien being 
 sick, was assigned a position outside of the works surrounding 
 the town, ina ravine, and during the stay there performed picket 
 and out-post duty along the banks of the river. After two weeks 
 the regiment was moved inside of the works, but on a high hill, 
 exposed to the shell from the enemy's gunboats, which annoyed 
 us very frequently. 
 
 On the 2d of May, 1862, we had the misfortune to lose 
 Lieutenant Colonel Hall, who died of typhoid pneumonia when 
 he was about to be conveyed on board of a vessel for his removal 
 to Richmond. Colonel Hall's loss was severely felt by this 
 regiment. A gentleman of great talents and high mind, he had 
 won the love and esteem of his officers and men, and although 
 not actually engaged in battle, had shown that bravery and 
 coolness in moments of expected danger, especially while per- 
 forming out-post duty at Yorktown, which eminently fitted him 
 for the position he occupied. 
 
 While at Yorktown we lost Captain Hill of Company G, 
 severely wounded in the arm, and two men. On the night of 
 the 2d the regiment left its position at Yorktown, in pursuance 
 of orders, but was soon recalled, and reoccupied its position 
 until the night of the 3d, when Yorktown was evacuated, and it 
 marched to Williamsburg, a distance of fifteen miles, where it 
 arrived on the morning of the 4th. Here the men rested until 
 the morning of the 5th, when they again resumed the line of 
 march; but they had hardly proceeded two miles, when the 
 brigade was ordered to return at the double-quick to Williams- 
 burg, where a battle was raging between ours and the Yankee 
 foi'ces. The men threw away their blankets, knapsacks, overcoats, 
 and everything which impeded their hasty march to the battle 
 field ; but when they arrived there, although eager for the fray, 
 the regiment was held in reserve, and was only destined to be 
 inactively exposed to the fire of the enemy. 
 
 The regiment remained upon the field of battle that night, the 
 5th, and the sufierings of that night will long be remembered. 
 A cold, drizzling rain had been falling all day, and continued 
 during the night. The men stood knee deep in mud, and had 
 nothing to shelter them from the rain, or shield them from the 
 cold, having, as has been previously mentioned, thrown away 
 their overcoats and blankets on the double-quick march. The 
 sufierings were the more severe, as most of the men had had no 
 
TWENTY-EIGHTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 58 
 
 provisions to appease their hunger for the past twenty-four hours, 
 and the commissary wagons were about ten miles in advance of 
 the army. 
 
 On the 6tli the army again marched towards Burnt Ordnance^ 
 but still without their hunger having been appeased, where they 
 arrived the same niglit. Here the regiment received a very small 
 supply of provisions, hardly sufficient for supper ; and although 
 the different commissaries tried their utmost, they were not 
 able to supply the men with rations until after the regiment had 
 again resumed the line of march, and proceeded a few miles on 
 the morning of the Vth. As soon as General Featherstone, who 
 had been assigned to the command of our brigade, (General D. 
 H. Hill's Division) received information that the commissaries 
 had received supplies of provisions, he halted the brigade, and 
 ordered the provisions to be divided and cooked, and the men 
 were allowed to refresh themselves by rest until afternoon, when 
 the road was again filled by our marching column. After a great 
 deal of suffering, and marching through mud ankle and knee 
 deep, and but very scantily fed, the troops arrived at Long 
 Bridge on the Chickaliominy River, about the 10th instant. 
 
 At this place the regiment remained and rested until the 20th' 
 Supplies were still very scarce, and sometimes the men had to 
 content themselves with one cracker and a very small piece of 
 bacon per day. 
 
 On the 20th the troops were again put in motion, and arrived 
 the same evening within three miles of Richmond. Here ended 
 the memorable retreat from Yorktown, during which the suflfer- 
 ings, occasioned by the disagreeable weather, muddy and miry 
 ToadS; hard marching and starving, had never been surpassed 
 since the beginning of the war. Arriving at the Capitol, the 
 troops were j>ermitted to rest, and as supplies became more 
 plentiful and regular, the men were enabled to recuperate rapidly. 
 While here, ^Major J. G. Cain was promoted to the Lieutenant 
 Colonelcy, vice Lieutenant Colonel Hall, deceased, and Captain 
 TuUy Graybill, of Company A, promoted to Major. 
 
 On the morning of the 30th of May, the wagons belongipg to 
 the brigade yere ordered] within the works around Richmond, 
 and preparations made which betokened a coming engagement. 
 On the morning of the 31st, the Twenty-eighth Georgia marched 
 to the battle ground of Seven Pines. The l»atlle did not com- 
 mence until about two o'clock, P. M., when D. H. UiU'B Divi- 
 
5^ HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 sion, occupying the right wing, made the attack, driving the 
 enemy before it. The Twenty- eighth was commanded, in this 
 engagement, by Captain John N. Wilcox, of Company K, the 
 senior bfficer present — Colonel Worthen being severely ill in 
 Richmond, and Lieutenant Colonel Cain and Major Graybill 
 absent for othet sufficient reasons. Captain Wilcox commanded 
 the regiment ably and with great skill, and that the Twenty- 
 eighth bore a prominent and noble part in this engagement, its 
 casualties, amounting to one hundred and thirty-four killed and 
 wounded, .sufficiently show. This loss was from only eight 
 companies, as two of the largest companies were detailed to 
 support a battery. The day on which this battle was fought 
 had been extremely wet and disagreeable, a heavy rain having 
 fallen, and the men were compelled to wade knee deep in mud 
 and water; but this by no means cooled their ardor, but only 
 incited them to fresher deeds of daring, which carried them on 
 to victory. The brigade was commanded by Colonel Anderson, . 
 of the Fourth North Carolina, General Featherstone being 
 detained by sickness. In the battle of the Seven Pines, no regi- 
 ment in the brigade fought with more gallantry and bravery 
 than the Twenty-eighth Georgia. 
 
 The next morning Major Graybill was, by accident, taken 
 prisoner on his way to rejoin his command, be having by mistake 
 passed our pickets and entered the Yankee lines. Lieutenant 
 Colonel Cain again took command of the regiment, which 
 remained in camp until the 12th of June, drilling and performing 
 fatigue and various other duties, when it moved camp and was 
 formed into another brigade with the Sixth, Twenty-third, and 
 Twenty-seventh Georgia, and Thirteenth Alabama Regiments. 
 
 On the 20th, General. Featherstone having been assigned to 
 another brigade. Colonel A. H. Colquitt took command, and it 
 has ever since been known as " Colquitt's Brigade." Here also 
 Colonel Worthen rejoined the regiment and resumed command. 
 
 On the 26th the brigade was moved to the Mechanicsville 
 turnpike, where the first of the series of engagements Avas fought, 
 genesally known as the "Battles around Richmond," Our 
 division, under command of Major Genei'al D. H. Hill, was 
 engaged in nearly all of these battles, and the regiment bore its 
 proportionate share in them, losing during the different engage- 
 ments sixty-five in killed and wounded. In the battle of Mal- 
 vern Hill, Colonel Worthen was mortally, and Lieutenant Colonel 
 
TWENTY-EIGHTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 55 
 
 C?iin severely wouuded. Colonel Wortlien died at Richmond, 
 whither he had been conveyed, on the 3d of July. The regiment 
 has deeply mourned his loss, even as they would have mourned 
 the loss of a father. Kind, affable and affectionate, at the same 
 time commanding that resiDect due. to his station, he had won 
 the love of his men and the esteem and veneration of his officers. 
 Although nearly sixty years of age, he entered the army for the 
 defence of his country as captain of Company B, from which 
 position he was elected to the Colonelcy of the regiment ; and 
 during the memorable seven days Jight around Richmond, he 
 led his regiment in all the engagements, although not quite 
 recovered from a serere attack of pneumonia, and when he fell, 
 it was xn front of his regiment, leading it on to glory and victory. 
 After the battles around Jlichmond, the regiment encamped 
 about three miles from the city, on the York River railroad, 
 where it remained until the 19th day of August, 1862, when it 
 was moved by rail to Orange Court House. In the meantime, 
 Major Graybill, who had been exchanged, returned and took 
 command of the regiment. From Orange Court House the 
 regiment proceeded, on the 2Gth of August, to the Rapidan 
 river, and, after crossing it, proceeded, through Culpepper 
 Court House, Warrenton and Gaiusville, to the battle field of 
 Manassas number two, but did not reach there in time to parti- 
 cipate in that glorious victory. From Manassas the regiment 
 moved, by Chantilly and Drainesville, to Leesburg, where wo 
 arrived on the 4th of September. On the 6th the regiment 
 again took up the line of march, and, passing through Leesburg 
 to the Point o^ Rocki», crossed the I'otomac river on the night 
 of the 5th of September. The next morning the regiment pro- 
 ceeded by Buckc-yetown, Maryland, to within four miles of 
 Frederick City. Here the regiment pitched camp and remained 
 until the 12th, when it again moved, ihroiigh Frederick City, 
 by Middletown, to Boonsboro, where it arrived that evening. 
 This same evening Colquitt's lirigade was ordered back to South 
 Mountain, a spur of the Blue Ridge, on the turnpike between 
 Frederick City and Boonsboro. On the morning of the 14th 
 the enemy made his appearance and immediately engaged Gar- 
 land's Brigade. General D. H. Hill Laving, by that time, moved 
 up the whole of his division, the engagement became general. 
 The Twenty-eighth, in conjunction with the Twenty-third Geor- 
 gia Regiment, held a position on the turnpike, protected by a 
 
56 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 stone fence, and although the enemy, in overwhelming numbers, 
 repeatedly charged their position, these two regiments as repeat- 
 edly drove them back with heavy loss, and maintained their position 
 until they were recalled late at night by order of Gen. Colquitt. 
 The regiment on this occasion was commanded by Major Gray- 
 bill, who displayed perfectly the talents of a commander. He 
 very narrowly escaped being woiinded, as his coat and vest were 
 perforated in several places by Yankee bullets. The casualties 
 amounted to forty (40) in killed, wounded and missing. 
 
 On the night of the 14th the reginient again moved by way of 
 Sharpsbiirg, Maryland, to the banks of the Potomac opposite Shep- 
 herdstojvn, Virginia, w:here it arrived on the morning of the 15th. 
 On the morning of the 16th the division occupied the centre of 
 the line of battle near Sharpsburg,-and on the morning of the 
 17th the regiment participated in that sanguinary conflict, which 
 lasted until late at night. Here we lost seventy (70) men in 
 killed and wounded; among the latter, Captain Garrison, of 
 Company D, a gallant and efficient officer, who acted as Major 
 during the fight. In this place, also, mention should be made of 
 Lieutenant J. W. Banning, of Company E, who, during the 
 engagement, had to take command of the regiment because of 
 the loss of superior commanders, and who, by his skill and 
 bravery, won the admiration of his men and the praise of his 
 superior officers. 
 
 On the 18th the regiment remained in line of battle on the 
 ensanguined field, and at night recrossed the Potomac at Shep- 
 herdstown, and retreated towards Martinsbnrg, where the army 
 arrived on the 22d, remained until the 28th, ^nd arrived at 
 Bunker Hill, twelve miles from Winchester, Virginia, on the night 
 of the 30th of September, 1862. The regiment left that place 
 on the 18th of October, and proceeded to Charlestown, where it 
 participated in destroying the Winchester and Harper's Ferry 
 railroad; left Charlestown on the morning of the 20th, and after 
 crossing the Shenandoah River at Berry's Ferry on the 23d, 
 encamped between Paris and Upperville. On the morning of 
 the 25th of October the army was drawn up in line of battle 
 between those two places, expecting the enemy to attack ; but 
 on the morning of the 26th the army again marched up the 
 Shenandoah river to Front Royal, where it arrived that evening. 
 On the 27th the army again laid in line of battle, and on the 
 night of the 28th it crossed the south fork of the Shenandoah 
 
IWENTY-EIQHTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 67 
 
 river, and went into camps about tjiree miles from Front Royal. 
 On the 30th of October the regiment marched for Strasburg, Vir- 
 ginia, where it arrived that evening ; remained there u;itil the 20th 
 of November, when it again moved by Woodstock and New 
 Market, across the Massenothan range, and crossed the Blue 
 Ridge on the 2.3d, and camped that night near a little village 
 called Craiglesville. On the 24th the regiment proceeded by 
 Madison Court House, and encamped within two miles of Gor- 
 donsville. Here it remained until the 27th, when it again moved 
 by Orange Court House to Fredericksburg, near which place it 
 encamped on the night of the 29th. Next day it moved to 
 Guinea's Station, and from thence, on the 1st of December, to 
 Port- Royal, near the Rappahannock river, where it remained 
 until the morning of the 12th, and then moved to Hamilton's 
 Crossing, and on the morning of the 13th to the battle field of 
 Fredericksburg. In this battle the Division of General D. H. 
 Hill was not actively engaged, but was exposed to the fire of 
 the enemy, and the regiment lost ten men in killed and wounded. 
 On the 15th the regiment moved into camps about three miles 
 from Guinea's Station, and went into winter quarters; neverthe- 
 less, the division performed picket duty on the Rappahannock 
 river during the winter. Nothing of importance occurred until 
 the morning of the 28th of April, 1863, when the regiment was 
 ordered to proceed to Hamilton's Crossing, on the R. & F. and 
 P. R. R., and formed in line of battle, expecting an attack from 
 the enemy, who was crossing the Rappahannock river at differ- 
 ent fords. On the night of the 30th the brigade marched to the 
 battle ground of Chancellorsville and Wilderness, and ]iarticipa- 
 ted in the engagenu-nts of the 1st and 2d of May, 1863, where 
 the regiment, under c«immand of Colonel GraybTll, who had been 
 ]»romoted from Major after Lieutenant Colonel Cain liad re- 
 signed, lost twenty-five men in killed and Mounded. TTie regi- 
 ment remained on t/ie battU- field until the evening of the 5th, a* 
 fit anniversary for the terrible night of May 6th, 1802, for it 
 rained tremendously, and the roads were in an awful condition. 
 On the evetiing of the 6th the regiment retumed t*) their old 
 
 camp near Guinea's Station. Here it remained until the 22d 
 
 ♦ ' 
 
 when the brigade was ordered to proceed to Kinston, North 
 
 Carolina, where it arrived May 24th. While here the regiment 
 
 performed picket duty until the 3d day oi' July, 1863, when it 
 
 was ordered back to Richmond to aid in repelling a raid of the 
 
68 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 enemy. On the 9th of July we were ordered to Topsail Inlet, 
 about fifteen miles from Wilmington. 
 
 August 8th, the regiment proceeded to Charleston, Soutli 
 Carolina, arriving there on tlie 10th. On its arrival at Charles- 
 ton, the regiment was ordered to James Island, where it estab- 
 lished camps near Fort Pemberton, on the west lines. On the 
 night of the 30th of August, the Twenty-seventh and Twenty- 
 eighth Georgia Kegimepts, of this Brigade, were ordered to 
 relieve the garrisons of Batteries Wagner and Gregg, on Morris 
 Island. The regiments remained there until the night of the 
 evacuation, on the 7th of September. During the stay of the 
 Twenty-eighth on Morris Island, the regindent was subjected to 
 the severest shelling it has ever experienced during the war, and 
 was exposed to the most imminent danger, being obliged to keep 
 a close watch from the ramparts of the Fort. Captain W. P. 
 Crawford, of Company C, commanded the regiment during its 
 stay on Morris Island, and his conduct while in command has 
 endeared him to the whole regiment. Here, too, must be 
 recorded the death of the brave and gallant Captain John P. 
 Haines, of Company B, who was killed by a shell just as he had 
 taken command of, and was in the act of leading, a detachment 
 of one hundred picked men, of whom fifty belonged to the 
 Twenty-eighth •'Georgia, to repel a threatened attack of the 
 enemy in the rear of Battery Wagner. Colonel Keitt, com- 
 manding Battery Wagner, had requested Captain Crawford to 
 furnish him a competent and trustworthy officer, and Captain 
 Haines was the officer selected. 
 
 The casualties of the regiment during its occupation of Morris 
 Island were thirty-four killed and wounded. After the evacuation 
 of Morris Island, the regiment went into winter quarters. During 
 the winter the regiment performed picket duty, alternately, at 
 Seeessionville and Battery Pringle, also at Fort Johnson, and 
 made part of the garrison of Fort Sumter. During the heavy 
 bombardment of that Fort, the regiment lost twenty men in 
 killed and wounded. • 
 
 On the 8th day of February, 1864, the regiment was ordered 
 to John's Island, where it aided in repelling the enemy to his 
 gunboats. From thence it proceeded to Lake City, Florida, where 
 it arrived on the 16th of February. On the 20th of February 
 Colquitt's Brigade proceeded to Olustee Station, about ten miles 
 from Lake City, where it encountered a heavy force of the enemy, 
 
TWENTY-EIGHTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 69 
 
 composed of blacks and whites. Other troops having come up, 
 a general engagement ensued, in which Colquitt's Brigade acted 
 the chief part, and was mainly instrumental in winning the 
 glorious A'ictory of Ocean Pond. The regiment here fought 
 with undoubted bravery, driving the enemy before them ; and 
 although at one time out of ammunition, the men nobly stood 
 their ground, and as soon as reinforcements and ammunition 
 arrived, they charged the enemy and finally helped to drive him 
 from the field. It is but meet to mention the conspicuous gal- 
 lantry of Color-bearer Sergeant Tiffany, (which was noticed by 
 General Colquitt,) who fell, and also the gallantry of William 
 Patton, of Company C, who took the colors and carried them 
 safely through the fight; and also the gallantry of Lieutenant 
 Rowe, of Company E, while planting the colors of the regiment 
 over two Xapoleon guns captured from the enemy. Thechivalric 
 Captain Crawford, assisted by the brave Captain Banning, com- 
 manded the regiment in this engagement. Captain Crawford 
 was severely wounded in the leg while leading his men, and had 
 to leave the command to Captain Banning, who, although he 
 had received a painful wound, refused to leave the field, and 
 with the blood streaming from his wound led his men to victory. 
 A few days after the battle, Captain Crawford was promoted to 
 Lieutenant Colonel and Captain J. W. Banning to Major. The 
 regiment remained at Camp Milton until the last of March, 
 when it moved to Baldwin, when it was complimented by Major 
 General Anderson, commanding district of Florida, for the zeal 
 and activity which they displayed in throwing up fortifications : 
 the compliment was issued in a General Order. April 19th, the 
 regiment left Baldwin for Charleston, South Carolina; remained 
 in Charleston, doing provost duty, until the 10th of May, when 
 it proceeded to Petersburg, Virginia, to rejoin the rest of the 
 brigade, which had preceded il a few days before. 
 
 May 16tb, battle of Drury's BluflT was fought, and this regi- 
 ment was temporarily attached to Martin's Brigade, which 
 attacked the enemy, but the Twenty-eighth Georgia was not 
 actively engaged. On the 18th of May it rejoined Colquitt's 
 Brigade, and took position in the line in Chesterfield County. 
 While there a charge was made on the 20th of May, in which a 
 detachment of one hundred men from the regiment participated, 
 under command of Captain J. A. Johnson, of Company H. The 
 detachment Bucc««dad in driving the enemy frgm bis line, but 
 
60 HEROES ANP MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 with heavy loss, losing twenty in killed and wounded — among 
 the former Captain William M. Wood, of Company A. 
 
 May 31st, the regiment proceeded to Cold Harbor, in front of 
 Richmond, and took their position in the trenches. On the 2d 
 of June the enemy made a heavy charge, and succeeded in 
 breaking that portion of the line held by Clinghara's North 
 Carolina Brigade ; but the Twenty-seventh Georgia, supported 
 by the Twenty-eighth, charged in gallant style from their posi- 
 tion, and succeeded in retaking the lost part of the line. In this 
 brilliant little affair Major J. W. Banning was severely wounded 
 in the hip, and a considerable number of men killed and wounded. 
 The enemy charged repeatedly upon our lines' during their siege 
 of Richmond, but were always repulsed with heavy slaughter. 
 
 On the 13th the regiment moved to Malvern Hill, and on the 
 15th recrossed the James and Appomattox vivers, and arrived 
 just in time with the Division (General Hokes') to repel an attack 
 the enemy made on the second line of breastworks around 
 Petersburg. Here the regiment occupied a position in the 
 trenches which has tried the fortitude and endurance of the men 
 lo the greatest degree. The enemy, having planted a battery of 
 mortars in front of their position, shelled the regiment with great 
 precision, killing and wounding a considerable number. A few 
 men were lost, though not engaged, in the battle of the 30th of 
 July. The loss of the regiment from June 1st to this day, 
 (August 13th) amounts to eighty-two killed and wounded. 
 
 Adjutant Thomas O. Wicker of Washington County deserves special 
 mention in connection with the Twenty-eighth Georgia. This gallant and 
 meritorious young officer enlisted as a private in the Washington Rifles, First 
 Georgia Volunteer Regiment, organized March 18th, 1861. He passed through 
 the arduous campaign in Northern Virginia under General Garnett. Upon the 
 regiment being mustered out of service, he organized a company of artillery 
 and was elected First Lieutenant; but upon being tendered the position of 
 Adjutant of the Twenty-eighth Georgia, he resigned his commission and accepted 
 the appointment. Owing to the provisions of the Promotion Act, adjutants of 
 regiments were thrown entirely out of the line of promotion. Hence, Adjutant 
 Wicker still holds his original position. 
 
 He has illustrated in his own person, upon many bloody battle fields of this 
 ■war, the character of the Georgia troops. He has been most honorably 
 mentioned several times in official reports for his coolness and conspicuous 
 courage. He has now been strongly recommended by Major General Hoke 
 and Brigadier General Colquitt, for promotion for his gallantry. 
 
TWENTY-EIGHTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 
 
 61 
 
 Since the foregoing was written, I have received from Adjutant T. O. Wicker 
 the following 
 
 STATISTICAL RECORD. 
 
 Number of men killed in action, 
 
 Number of men died of disease or wounds, 
 
 Total deaths. 
 
 Discharged, 
 Resigned, 
 
 Total real lois, 
 Wounded in action 
 
 Total real and temporary loss. 
 
 163 
 243 
 
 896 
 
 70 
 24 
 
 490 
 
 280 
 
 770 
 
TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT 
 
 GEOEGIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 STATISTICAL RECORD. 
 
 Number of men originally enlisted, . . . ,. 684 
 
 Number of recruits and conscripts, .... 467 
 
 Total strength of regiment, 1151 
 
 * LOSSES. 
 
 Number of men killed in action, . . . . . 104 
 
 Number of men died of wounds, disease, &c., . . 268 
 
 Loss by death, 372 
 
 Number of men discharged, <fec., . . . . 174 
 
 Total loss of regiment, . ' . . . . 646 
 
 CHANGES IN FIELD OFFICERS. 
 
 The original field officers elected were : — Levi B. Smith, of 
 Talbotton, Colonel ; S. L. Brewer, of Taylor County, Lieutenant 
 Colonel ; Charles T. Zachry, of Henry County, Major. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Brewer resigned in December, 1861, and 
 Major Zachry was elected Lieutenant Colonel, and CajDtain H. 
 B. Halliday elected Major. Major Halliday resigned in August, 
 1862, and senior Captain John W. Stub'bs was appointed Major. 
 Colonel L. B. Smith was killed at Sharpsburg on the l7th of 
 September, 1862, and Lieutenant Colonel Zachry was appointed 
 Colonel to fill the vacancy. Major Stubbs was appointed 
 Lieutenant Colonel, and senior Captain Charles J. Dennis was 
 appointed Major. Major Dennis resigned in December, 1862, 
 and Captain Jasper J!^. Dorsey appointed Major. Lieutenant 
 Colonel Stubbs resigned in Decembei', 1862, and Major Dorsey 
 was appointed Lieutenant Colonel. First Lieutenant and Adjutant 
 James Gardner, promoted to Major for distinguished gallantry 
 in action. Lieutenant Colonel Dorsey^ was dismissed the service 
 in May, 1864, by sentence of General Court Martial, and Major 
 Gardnej appointed Lieutenant Colonel. Captain H. Bussey 
 
TWENTY-SEVENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 68 
 
 appointed Major. Lieutenant Colonel Gardner was killed on 
 the 18th of June, 1864, and Major Bussey was appointed 
 Lieutenant Colonel. 
 
 The Twenty-seventh Regiment of Georgia "Volunteer Infantry 
 was organized at Camp Stephens, near Griffin, Georgia, and was 
 mustered into the service of the Confederate States on the 9th 
 and 1 0th days of September, 1861. 
 
 On the 31st of October it was ordered to Richmond, Virginia, 
 and thence to Manassas, where it arrived about the 16th of 
 November, without arms. The first service it rendered was in 
 the building of a bridge across the Occoquan river, which was 
 completed about the 15th of December, when the regiment was 
 ordered into winter quarters at Camp Pickens, near Manassas. 
 At this point the regiment performed garrison duty until the 9th 
 day of March, 1 862, when they were ordered to Clark's Mountain. 
 Colonel G. B. Anderson, of North Carolina, was commanding the 
 brigade, composed of the Fourth North Carolina Troops, the 
 Forty-ninth Virginia Infantry, and the Twenty-seventh and 
 Twenty-eighth Georgia Volunteer Regiments. The brigade 
 arrived at Clark's Mountain on the 20th of March, 1 862. On the 
 9th of April, Brigaiier General W. S. Featherstone was assigned 
 to and assumed command of the brigade. While encamped at 
 Clark's Mountain the weather was very inclement, and the 
 troo])s suffered exceedingly. 
 
 On the evening of the 9th of April, tlie regiment marched to 
 the railroad to take the cars for Richmond, through snow and 
 sleet from four to six inches in depth. Upon the arrival of the 
 regiment in the city, they were ordered to take boat for Grover's 
 Landing on the James river, (this was on the 10th of April) 
 and from thence were marched across the country to Yorktown. 
 On the 14th day of April the Twenty-seventh Georgia Regiment, 
 with the Thirteenth Alabama Regiment, was ordered in front of 
 the works to assist Captain Hardaway's Battery in dislodging 
 some sharpshooters, wl)0 were annoying us to a considerable 
 extent, from a pine grove V>etween our works and those of the 
 enemy. Tlie orders l»eing successfully carried out, the sharp- 
 shooters having been dislodged, the regiment returnul to camp 
 jubilant over their first engagoment M-jth the enrmy, wilhont the 
 loss of a single life. On the evening of May .3d, the reginlent 
 commenced its retreat with the whole army from Yorktown; it 
 passed through Williamsburg on the 4th, and on the morninff of 
 
64 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 the 5th the retreat was resumed. The Twenty-seventh Georgia 
 had marched about five miles, when orders were received for it to 
 return to Williamsburg in double-quick time, to assist our troops 
 in the battle of Williamsburg, which was then raging. The rain 
 was falling, the roads were in a terrible condition, and the weather 
 was extremely cold; the regiment, however, caring nothing for 
 these discomforts, about faced, (instead of countermarching) and 
 started at the double-quick. Arriving at Williamsburg, knap- 
 sacks, haversacks, blankets, and every thing Avhicli could inter- 
 fere with their efficiency in battle were thrown off, by our boys, 
 as quickly as possible. 
 
 A position was assigned to the Twenty-seventh Georgia be> 
 yond and to the left of the town. This position they occupied 
 for several hours, when they were marched to another position 
 in a large wheat field, where they remained during the night, 
 suffering immensely from cold, fatigue, and the knawing pangs 
 of hunger. 
 
 About two o'clock on the morning of the 6th, the wheat field 
 was evacuated and the line of march resumed toward the city of 
 Richmond. Upon the arrival of the regiment at Long Bridge, 
 they struck camp and remained there for ten or twelve days, and 
 then moved to the vicinity of Richmond.' 
 
 At the battle of Seven Pines, fought on the 31st of May, this 
 regiment participated, going into action at two o'clock in the 
 afternoon, a little to the left of the Williamsburg road. General 
 Featherstone being sick, the command of the brigade devolved 
 upon Colonel G. B. Anderson, of North Carolina. Colonel 
 Smith, of this regiment, was wounded in the early part of the 
 engagement, but did not quit the field until the brigade was 
 relieved. About four o'clock, P. M., Colonel Jenkins, of South 
 Carolina, with his sharpshooters, came to the relief of the 
 Twenty-seventh Georgia, when a charge was ordered and the 
 enemy were completely routed in front of their position. At 
 this juncture the brigade was relieved, excepting the Twenty- 
 seventh Georgia, who were ordered to keep in supporting cMstance 
 of Colonel Jenkins, who was then in pursuit of the enemy, and 
 render him any assistance which might be necessary. Just 
 before sundown Colonel Jenkins ordered Lieutenant Colonel 
 Zachry (who was then in command of the Twenty-seventh 
 Georgia, Colonel Smith having retired) to form on his (Colonel 
 Jenkins') right, as the enemy in heavy force were attempting to 
 
TWENTY-SEVENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 65 
 
 flauk him in that direction. The regiment moved up at the 
 double-quick, and were forming line, when some little confusion 
 occurred, which lasted, however, but a moment. It was at this 
 time that Adjutant Gardner displayed that coolness and marked 
 bravery which elicited from Colonel Jenkins a personal compli- 
 ment and recommendation for promotion. Colonel Jenkins 
 succeeded, with the aid of the Twenty-seventh Georgia, in 
 baffling the designs of the enemy upon our flank, and drove him 
 one-fourth of a mile from their position; when night put an end 
 to the conflict. The loss of the Twenty-seventh Georgia in this 
 engagement was severe, amounting to one hundred and fifty-four 
 (154) killed and wounded. 
 
 After the battle of Seven Pines a brigade was formed, consisting 
 of the Sixth, Twenty-third, Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth 
 Georgia Regiments, and the Thirteenth Alabama Regiment, 
 General Featherstone commanding. In a few days, however, 
 General Featherstone was assigned to duty elsewhere, and the 
 command of the brigade devolved upon Colonel A. H. Colquitt, 
 commanding the Sixth Georgia Regiment. 
 
 On the morning of the 26th of June the regiment took up the 
 line of march at half past one o'clock, and halted near Mechanics- 
 ville. The regiment was engaged in the battle of Mechanicsville 
 on the morning of the 27th, .and at Cold Harbor on the evening 
 of the same day. At the battle of Cold Harbor, Gen. Colquitt's 
 Brigade charged the enemy and gained a very important position, 
 which was held by the Twenty-seventh Georgia for some time, 
 without any assistance from the other regiments of the brigade. 
 The Sixty-first Georgia Regiment was ordered forward to relieve 
 the Twenty-seventh, but, mLstaking them for the enemy, fired 
 into the regiment, until Adjutant Gardner could pass from the 
 extreme right of the regiment to its centre, and have the colors 
 raised, by that means signifying to them that we were friends. 
 The Sixty -first, recognizing the colors, ceased firing, and coming 
 quickly forward, relieved the Twenty-seventh. 
 
 This regiment next engaged the enemy at White Oak Swamp, 
 on the evening of the .^Ist of June; and again on the evening of 
 the Ist of July, at ^lalvern Hill, we were hurled upon the foe, 
 losing very severely in killed and wounded, Adjutant Gardner 
 being among those who were severely wounded. 
 
 About the 6th of July the regiment returned to the vicinilv 
 of Richmond, having suffered a loss of one hundred and twenty- 
 
 I 
 
66 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 six men, killed and wounded, in the series of engagements, known 
 as the battles around Richmond. 
 
 From the 10th of July until the iVth of August, the Twenty- 
 seventh Georgia marched several times from the.; vicinity of 
 Richmond to Malvern Hill and back, when the movements of the 
 enemy would indicate an advance from that point. 
 
 On the 19th of August the regiment took the cars at Rich- 
 mond, and proceeded to Orange Court House, where it remained 
 until the 2'7th of August, when it took up the line of march, and 
 joined Generals Lee and Jackson near Fairfax, Virginia, two 
 days after the second battle of J\[anassas, Avhere it rested twenty- 
 four hours, and then proceeded, via Leesburg to Frederick, 
 Maryland. After resting three days at Frederick, it marched 
 via South Mountain and Boonsboro, to withifi six miles of Hagers- 
 town, Maryland; when orders were received to return at once 
 to South Mountain pass, which was performed on the night of 
 the 12th of September. On the morning of the 14th, a position 
 was assigned to the Twenty-seventh by Major General D. H. 
 Hill, to Avhose division Col(]|uitt's Brigade belonged ;" which 
 position it held all that day. At night we were withdrawn and 
 marched to Sharpsburg, from thence to the north bank of the 
 Potomac, opposite Shepherdstown, Virginia, where we arrived 
 about eleven o'clock on the morning of the 15th. On the morn- 
 ing of the 16th, the brigade was marched back to Sharpsburg, 
 and assigned to different positions during the day. On the morn- 
 ing of the 17th, tlie Twenty-seventh Georgia Regiment went 
 into the fight early in the morning, and fought long and well. 
 Among the many fatal casualties in the Twenty-seventh, was 
 Colonel Smith, as gallant and generous a heart as ever beat, and 
 whose loss will be long deplored by his surviving comrades 
 Lieutenant Colonel Zachry was severely wounded in this 
 engagement. 
 
 The loss of the Twenty-seventh Georgia in the battles of 
 South Mountain and Sharpsburg, amounted to one hundred and 
 forty-nine (149) men killed and wounded. 
 
 Leaving Sharpsburg on the morning of the 19th, the regiment 
 crossed the Potomac river before day, and marched to Martins- 
 burg, where it rested two or three days, arid then proceeded to 
 Bunker Hill. We left Bunker Hill about the 2.3d of October, 
 and assisted in tearing up the railroad, leading from Hai'per's 
 Ferry to Charlestown, on or about the night of the 24th of Sep- 
 
. TWENTY-SEVENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 67 
 
 tember. Here again the troops suifefed incredibly front tlie 
 excessive cold, tlie men being generally poorly clad, and in many 
 inst'ances barefooted, their sufferings were verj' severe. After 
 destroying the above mentioned railroad, the regiment marched 
 across the Shenandoah river, and tamped between Paris and 
 Upperville, about the 1st of November. Leaving Paris it 
 marched to Front R<jyal, thence to Strasburg, where another 
 railroad was destroyed. 
 
 Between the loth and 20th of November, we were ordered to 
 march, and passing Guinea's Station via Orange Court TTouse? 
 arrived at our destination in the vicinity of Port Koyal, on the' 
 Rappahannock, on the 1st day of December, The. troops on 
 this march m.\de an .average of twenty-two miles per day, and 
 large numbers of them were forced to the necessity of wearing 
 sandals, niade of raw hide. 
 
 On the 13th of December, the Twenty-seventh participated 
 in the battle of Fredericksburg. After the battle of Freder- 
 icksburg, we went into winter quarters near Guinea's Station, and 
 performed picket duty on the Rappahannock. On the 27th day 
 of April, 1863, we took up the line of march for Chancellorsville, 
 where we were engaged on the evening of the 29th, and again 
 on the 30th at Wilderness Church, and again on the 1st day of 
 May at Wilderness Tavern. Losing in the three engagements 
 fifty-seven (57) men in killed and wounded. On the 4th d:iy of 
 May we returned to our old winter quarters, near Guinea's 
 Station. . 
 
 About the 19ih of May the Twenty-seventh Georgia was 
 «)rdered to report witliout delay to Major General D. H. Hill, 
 commanding the Department of North Carolina and Southern 
 Virginia^ The regiment arrived at Kinston, North Carolina, 
 abotit the 28th of .M.\v and remained there until the 3d of .Tuly, 
 •when it was ordered back t<» Richmond to repel an anticipated 
 raid of the enemy; arriving in l»ichmond f»n the 6th it only 
 remained a few d.ays, as it received orders to report at Wilming- 
 ton, North Carolin'a, to (ieneral Wliiting commanding that post. 
 ITpoii the arrival (»f the regiment at Wilmington, it was imme- 
 diately ordered to Tojisail Sound, on the oo.ast. Here the 
 regiment remained until the 10th of August, when it w^'^ ordered 
 to report to General Beauregard at Charleston, South Carolina, 
 where it arrived on the 1 3th and marched to James f sinnd. Abont 
 the 2Hth of August we were ordered to INIorri- Island, where we 
 
68 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 remained until its evacuation, this regiment covering the retreat 
 of the troops from the Island. 
 
 From September, 1863, until February, 1864, the Twenty- 
 seventh remained on James Island doing picket duty there, and 
 performing garrison duty at Fort Sumter. On the morning of 
 the 12th of February the regiment marched for John's Island, 
 where it arrived in time to assist General Wise in driving the 
 enemy from their position on that Island. 
 
 On the 14th of February the Twenty-seventh, with the other 
 regiments of Colquitt's Brigade, were ordered to Florida, and 
 taking the cars on the Charleston and Savannah railroad it pro- 
 ceeded to Savannah, thence by the Atlantic and Gulf railroad to 
 Valdosta, Georgia, where it arrived on the 15th. From Valdosta 
 the regiment marched to Madison, Florida, and from thence by 
 railroad to Olustee Station, on Tallahassee and Jackson railroad. 
 During the early part of the day of the battle of Ocean Pond, 
 the Twenty-seventh Georgia Regiment was held in reserve ; but 
 about four o'clock, P. M., it was ordered into the engagement, and 
 immediately charging the enemy, contributed greatly to the utter 
 rout and demoralization of the enemy. Colonel Zachry on this 
 memorable occasion was termed the '•'• Blucher''' of the day. The 
 loss of the Twenty-seventh Georgia in the battle of Ocean Pond, 
 was very severe for the time it was engaged, amounting to eighty- 
 seven (87) in killed and wounded. After the battle the enemy 
 were pursued to Baldwin, Florida. 
 
 On the 1st day of March the Eleventh South Carolina, Twenty- 
 seventh Georgia, and a force of cavalry, all under the command 
 of Colonel Zachry, were ordered on a reconnoitering expedition. 
 Near Cedar Creek they niet with a force of the enemy, supposed 
 to have been sent out for a similar purpose. After a short 
 engagement the enemy were completely routed ; and but for the 
 failure of the cavalry to execute Colonel Zachry's orders, the 
 entire party would have been captured. After the battles of 
 Ocean Pond and Cedar Creek, the Twenty-seventh Georgia 
 remained in camp, at Camp Milton, eight miles south of Baldwin, 
 Florida, until the 19th of April, when it marched for Tebeauville^ 
 on the Atlantic and Gulf railroad. Arriving at that point they 
 took cars, and proceeded by way of Savannali to Charleston, 
 South Carolina. Upon arriving there it was ordered to James 
 Island, where the regiment remained until May 11th, when it 
 returned to Charleston, thence by railroad to Petersburg, Vir- 
 
TWENTY-SEVENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 69 
 
 ginia, Stopping, however, a few days at Weldon, North Carolina, 
 in anticipation of a raid on that place. Arriving at Petersburg 
 on the 19th, the Twenty-seventh was assigned a position on the 
 front lines between the James and Appomattox rivers, where it 
 remained until the 3l9t, when it was ordered to Cold Harbor. 
 At the battle of Cold Harbor, on the 1st of June, five companies 
 of this regiment charged and re-captured that portion of onr 
 lines lost by the left of General Clingman's Brigade. These five 
 companies lost in the engagement, eleven (11) killed and iifty-four 
 (54) wounded. The regiment remained on the front at Cold 
 Harbor until the 13th of June, when it marched to Malvern Hill, 
 leaving wliich place on the 14th, it marched to the vicinity of 
 Richmond, where it remained until twelve o'clock, M., on the 
 loth, when the march was resumed to Chester Station, on the 
 Richmond and I'etersburg railroad, where it took the cars for 
 Petersburg, where it arrived a little after dark, the same day. 
 
 The enemy having gained our works by assault before dark, 
 the Twenty-seventh Georgia was assigned a position, ami 
 entrenched themselves during the night. On the night of the 
 1 7th of June the entire line was changed, and the Twenty-seventh 
 Georgia was ordered to hold a very important salient, where 
 they again entrenched themselves, as soon as it was possible so 
 to do. 
 
 On the evening of the 18th of June, the enemy in three heavy 
 columns, charged the position of this regiment. They were 
 handsomely repulsed, with severe loss, over two hundred of their 
 dead being left on the field. This salient was held bv the 
 Twenty-seventh Georgia regiment without any relief, until the 
 24th of June, with a loss of seventy-six (76) men killed and 
 wounded. Among the wounded on the 18th was the gallant 
 Lieutenant Colonel Gardner, who was mortally wounded, and 
 died a few days thereafter. He was promoted to the position he 
 » held for distinguished gallantry, and his name and noble dcedn 
 will live forever embalmed in the hearts of his surviving 
 comrades. 
 
 From the 24th of Juno until the 18th of August, this regiment 
 was on the front, one-half of their time, alternating every three 
 days, with a portion of General Martin's Brigade. On the 18th 
 of August, while the Twcnty-sevfnth Georgia was in reserve, 
 the enemy advanced and took possession of the iVeMon and Peters- 
 bui*g railroad,^ when the Twenty-seventh was ordered to th* 
 
70 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 pojnt attacked by the eueuiy, and engaged them on the evening 
 of the same day. On the 19th this icgimcnt foi-med a portion of 
 a flanking party, who inflicted a heavy loss on thfe enemy in killed 
 "and wounded. Many prisoners were also taken. 
 
 The Twenty-seventh Georgia on this occasion, Avas under the 
 command of Major II. Bnssey. Owing to the natural features 
 of the country, consisting as they did of thickly wooded spots, 
 Avith a very dense undergrowth, it was impossible to preserve 
 intact the advancing line of battle, large gnps would frequently 
 be made in our lines, through Avhich the enemy would make 
 their way in detaclied parties, so that friend and foe would 
 become thoroughly intermingled, and of necessity the fighting 
 was. very desperate, being sometimes almost hand to hand. It 
 was an occasion which required great coolness and decision on 
 'th'e part of the commanding officers. The whole regiment was 
 sevpral times in imminent danger of being captured, inspired 
 however, by the unwavering coolness and intrepid valor of their 
 leaders, these wai'-worn and b-at tie-scarred veterans of many a 
 bloody field would rally with enthusiasm around their tattered 
 battle flag, and drive back with severe loss the advances of their 
 assailants. A heavy rain having fallen a short time before the 
 battle opened, and continuing to fall during its progress, the soil 
 had become miry and slippery ; the Twenty-seventh Georgia 
 liowever, with other regiments of the brigade, making a gallant 
 charge, drove the enemy with great slaughter from his entrenched 
 line. Xight put an end to the contest. The loss in killed and 
 wounded in the Twenty-seventh Georgia was thirty, and twenty 
 were taken prisoners. To compensate for this loss, besides the 
 number of the enemy killed and wounded, a very large number 
 of prisoners was taken ; even the ambulance corps, in addition 
 to attending to the At'ants of the wounded, captured eighty (80) 
 })risoners. 
 
 • At the present time, August 30th, 1864, the Twenty-seventh 
 Georgia occupies an important position upon the defensive lines, 
 .uround the city of Petersburg,, Virginia. 
 
TWENTY-SEVENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 
 
 71 
 
 Recapitulation of losses in the different battles in which tiie Twenty-seventh 
 
 Georgia has been engaged : 
 
 Seven Pines, 
 
 Battles around Richmond, 
 Sharpsburg and South Mountain, 
 Chancellorsville, 
 Ocean Pond, 
 ■ Cold Harbor, 
 Salient at Petersburg, 
 On Weldon Railroad, 
 
 killed and wounded, 
 
 Total casualties, 
 
 Loss in killed (as from statistical record) 
 
 Loss in wounded, . ' . 
 
 149 
 126 
 154 
 57 
 87 
 65 
 76 
 30 
 
 744 
 104 
 
 G4(> 
 
 The losses in the regiment have certainly been severe. By adding to the . 
 real losses of the regiment, amounting to five hundrei^nd forly-six men, the 
 number wounded six hundred and forty, we find tha" tiie losses of this regU 
 ment, like those of the Third, Sixth, and other Georgia regiments, exceeds the^ 
 total numhrr of men enli^sfed and recmiied. This is explained by the fact that 
 the only wounded men fosito the regiment, are those who have been discharged. 
 Many of the men have also been wounded more than once. 
 
THIRD EEGIMENT 
 
 GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS.. 
 
 STATISTICAL RECORD. 
 
 Number of men originally enlisted, 
 Number of men recruited. 
 
 Total, 
 
 LOSSES IN EACH ENGAGEMENT. 
 
 932 
 661 
 
 1483 
 
 Name of Battle. 
 South Mills, April 12th, 1862, . 
 Richmond, June 18th, 1862, 
 King's School House, June 25th, 1862, 
 Malvern Hill, July 2d, 1862, 
 Rappahannock, August 25th, 1862, 
 Manassas Numlaer 2, August 30th, 1862, 
 Harper's Ferry, September 16th, 1862 
 Sharpsburg, September lYth, 1862, 
 Fredericksburg, December 13th, 1862, 
 Chancellorsville, May 2d, 3d and 4th, .1863, 
 Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863, 
 Manassas Gap, July 23d, 1863, . 
 Wilderness, May 6th, 18%, 
 Spottsylvania, May 14th, 1864, . 
 Siege of Petersburg, . . . 
 
 Killed. Wounded. Died of wounds. 
 5 12 2 
 
 4 3 
 
 5 8 1 
 * 80 93 15 
 
 Total, 
 
 20 
 1 
 10 
 29 
 12 
 1 
 11 
 
 159 
 
 The losses by death are : — 
 Killed in action. 
 Died from wounds, 
 Died from disease. 
 
 Total, ... 
 Discharged and transferred, 
 
 Total loss from all causes, 
 
 The total of casualties is : — 
 Killed, 
 Wounded, 
 
 26 
 
 6Y 
 
 1 
 
 122 
 
 141 
 
 37 
 
 1 
 
 73. 
 
 104 
 
 688 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 69 
 
 159 
 
 59 
 
 213 
 
 431 
 
 342 
 
 113 
 
 159 
 688 
 
 847 
 
 The Third Georgia Regiment, composed of Volunteer com- 
 panies who responded to the first call for troops to defend the 
 
THIKD GEORGIA REGIMENT. 73 
 
 integrity of the Confederate States, rendezvoused at Portsmouth, 
 Virginia. At the Gosport Navy Yard, tlie regiment was 
 organized by the election of the following officers : A. R. Wright 
 of Augusta, Colonel ; James S. Keid of iMadison, Georgia, 
 Lieutenant Colonel j and A. H. Lee of Covington, Georgia, 
 Major. Lieutenant W. W. Turner, of Katonton, Georgia, was 
 appointed Adjutant; Captain H. S. Hughs received the ajtpoint- 
 ment of Commissary, and Captain Alexander Phillips, Assistant 
 Quartermaster of the regiment ; and the Rev. Mr. Flinii of 
 Milledgeville, was commissioned Chaplain. 
 
 The following comj)anies composed the original organization 
 of the regiment. With one or two exceptions, all were 
 organized volunteer companies several years previous to the war. 
 
 Company A, Burke Guards, Burke County, Captain CViarlea Musgrove. 
 Company B, Brown Rifles, Putnam County, Captain Reuben B. Nisbet. 
 Company C, Dawson Grays. Green County, Captain Robert L. McWhorter. 
 Company D, Home Guards, Morgan County, Captain Charles H. Andrews. 
 Company E, Governor's Guards, Houston County, Captain Joel R. Griffin. 
 Company F, Wilkinson Rifles, Wilkinson Count}-, Captain William O. Beall. 
 Company G, Confederate Light Guards, Richmond County, Captain Edward J. 
 
 Walker. 
 Company H, Young Guards, Newton County, Captain .John F. Jones. 
 Company I, Blodget Volunteers, Richmond County, Captain Foster Blodget. 
 Company K, Athens Guards, Clarke County, Captain Henry C. Billups. 
 
 In August, 1861, Captain Blodget's company was transferred 
 from the regiment, and shortly afterwards the Clarke County 
 Rifles, Captain Isaac S. Vincent, and the Carswell Guards, from 
 Wilkinson County, Captain N. A. Carswell, were added to the 
 regiment. 
 
 On the 29th of August, 1861, in pursuance of orders from 
 Brigadier General, afterwards Major (ieneral, linger, the Third 
 Georgia embarked on small steamers and canal boats for tin- 
 coast of North Carolina. Information being receiver! on the 
 way that Port Hatteras had fallen, the Third Georgia was landed 
 on Roanoke Island, and charged with the important duty of 
 fo^ifying that position as speedily as poRsibie, in order to 
 prevent the further encroachments of the Yankees on the inland 
 waters of North Carolina, and the approaches to the rear of 
 Norfolk. The emergency was great, and the men comi»rehending 
 it, worked with a will, night and day for several weeks, until 
 formidaVile sand batteries, mounted with thirty-two pounders 
 and columbiads bade defiance to Batler^s fleet. 
 
74 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 On the 1st of October three or four companies of this regiment 
 emba!-kcd on two or three gnnboats belonging to Commodore 
 Lyncli's iieet, and participated in the capture of the United 
 States gunboat Fanny. The prize, with its cargo of provisions 
 and. clothing for the Twentieth Indiana Regiment, estimated to 
 be worth one hundred thousand dollars, together with two pieces 
 of field artillery and about forty prisoners, were the fruits of 
 this combined movement of our little navy and the four compa- 
 nies<above mentioned. 
 
 On the 4th of October all the companies of this regiment, 
 about seven hundred strong, together with two companies of the 
 Seventh North Carolina State Troops, and Colonel Shaw's 
 Eighth North Carolina Regiment, went on board the gunboats 
 and transport steamers constituting Commodore Lynch's " Mos- 
 quito Fleet," and sailed by night for the point where the Fanny 
 had been captured. Arrived there, the camp of the enemy was 
 discovered on the Chickamacomico banks, and we at once 
 commenced a vigorous shelling. The enemy's camj) was stam- 
 peded, the Hessians flying for their lives. They left behind 
 them a smoking breakfast of poultry, coifee and various other 
 luxuries. Their whole camp equipage, consisting of tents, 
 cooking titensils, etc., all the officers' baggage, and ten days' 
 rations of bacon, bread, sugar, coffee, &c., fell into our hands ; 
 all of which was successfully transported to our own camp on 
 Roanoke Island. 
 
 The Third Georgia landed as. soon as possible, wading in the 
 water up to their cai'tridge boxes about one half mile, and 
 immediately started in rapid pursuit of the Yankees. The latter 
 having about two hours' start of us, the time occupied in landing 
 troops, and proving exceedingly swift footed, kept out of our 
 reach, and succeeded in gaining the light house, where they 
 received reinforcements, — not escaping, however, without a loss 
 of about forty prisoners, and the throwing away of nearly all 
 their knapsacks and accoutrements, and the throwing into the 
 sea of all the muskets belonging to their regiment. ^ 
 
 On the 5th, the Third Georgia and two companies of the 
 Seventh North Carolina, having chased the enemy a distance of 
 twenty miles, returned to the place of landing. While returning 
 along the ocean beach, the troops Avere shelled for several hours 
 by the Federal. sloop of wr^r MonHcdlo., but escaped without 
 loss of life OP casualties of Sihy kind. After going through that 
 
THIRD GEORGIA REGIMENT. 75 
 
 arduous luarcli, all safely rctnniecl oii tiie Gth, to Roanoke Island, 
 with a loss of but one man, m lio <lied from exliauslion on the 
 march. Tiic above detailed aftUir is well known as the "Chicka- 
 macomico races." 
 
 After completing the fortifications on Roanoke Island and 
 building winter quarters, — <.he enemy in the meanwliije having 
 been kept close to their conquest of the Ilatteras sand banks,— "■ 
 our regiment was relieved by the Thirty-tirst North Carolina, 
 Colonel Jordan, and returned to General Blanchard's Brigade 
 station, ui'ound l\)itsmouth. 
 
 After the fall of Koauoku Island, the regiment was ordered to 
 Elizabeth City, North Carolina, and remained in that vicinity for 
 several months. 
 
 On the 19th of April, 1862, Colonel VV right, then in command of 
 the forces around South Mills, learning of the landing of a large 
 body of the Yankees prepared his troops (consisting of a few 
 militia under Colonel Furribee, two companies of the Seventh 
 North Carolina, Ca])lain McComas' Virginia battery, and theThird 
 Georgia) for battle. With this small force we met the enemy, 
 and a battle was fought about two miles south of South Mills, 
 which resulted in inflicting a heavy loss upon the enemy-. We 
 kept them back until nearly night, when our forces fell back into 
 their entrenchments, and the enemy came upon the ground occu- 
 jiied by us in the morning. After niglu the enemy retreated to 
 tljeir gunboats, leaving their dead and pait of their wounded in 
 our hands. Considering the disparity of numbers engaged— the 
 enemy's force consisting of three brigades of infantry, with two 
 batteries of artillery, all under the command ol' Hrigadiei- (icTic- 
 ral Reno, while our force engaged scarcely numbered four hun- 
 dred, and tlie whole force present amounting to but six hundred 
 — the brilliancy of this affair is eclipsed by no achievement of 
 the war. Our loss in killed, wounded, and missing, was four- 
 teen, while that of tlte enemy is estim.ate<l at from four to five 
 hundred. 
 
 On the 28th of April, 1802, the regiment was reorifanized 
 according to the provisions of the conscript act. Hut five of the 
 old Captains were re-elected. Colonel A. K. W light and I^ieu- 
 1«-nant-Colonel James S. Reid, were re-elected to their 
 and Lieutenant John 1^ <tM""- "f •••<• Po-.l- '^i is 
 
 elected Major. 
 , About the time of the evacuatiuu of NvrfolkauJ rortomouth, 
 
76 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 this command was ordered to Suffolk, and from there marched 
 across the country to Petersburg ; and just before the battle of 
 Seven Pines, joined the Army of General Joseph E. Johnston. 
 Though on the field and under fire, we did not become engaged 
 in that battle. 
 
 During the month of June, we occupied a position on the ex- 
 treme front line of the Chickahominy, on the Williamsburg road, 
 being on picket duty or supporting the pickets the whole time. 
 Besides many smaller engagements, we participated in a hot 
 skirmish on the 18th. of June, driving back a New Hampshire 
 brigade with a considerable loss to them in killed and wounded, 
 and about a dozen prisoners, while we lost two killed. On the 
 25th of the same month, we were called upon to repel a heavy 
 advance of the enemy on our picket lines which crossed the Wil- 
 liamsburg road. Though under a heavy storm of bullets all day, 
 and for several hours a perfect hail storm of grape and canister, 
 we had not the opportunity of returning the fire. On this occa- 
 sion we lost two killed and several severely wounded. 
 
 About the 3d of June Colonel A. R. Wright was promoted to 
 
 be Brigadier General, leaving Major Sturgis commander of the 
 
 Third Georgia, Lieutenant Colonel Reid having resigned about 
 
 the same time. We participated in all the manoeuvres and 
 
 marching of Wright's Brigade, Huger's Division, during the few 
 
 days preceding the 1st of July, and on that day, with the other 
 
 regiments composing the brigade, opened the fight at Malvern 
 
 Hill. The Third Georgia was in the \insuccessful charge upon 
 
 the enemies batteries, and lost heavily in officers and men. While 
 
 they remained in the fight, holding the ground gained, until nine 
 
 o'clock, P. M., our loss in killed was fifty-seven and in wounded 
 
 ninety-four. Major John R. Sturgis was among the* killed; he 
 
 was a Christian gentleman, polished and courteous ; he was also 
 
 an efficient officer and generally very popular among his men 
 
 and with his superior officers. As do the^^brave, he fell on the 
 
 field of victory with his sword di-awn in his country's cajiise. 
 
 Captain R. B. Nisbet, second in command, behaved gallantly 
 
 and fearlessl) upon this bloody field, and was severely wounded. 
 
 We took iuio action about two hundred and fifty men, rank 
 
 and file. 
 
 On the Chickahominy we suffered sevei'ely from disease. In 
 one month our ranks were reduced, by sickness and the casualties 
 of battle, from one thousand to about three hundred for duty. 
 
^ TmRD GEORGIA REGIMENT. 77 
 
 Soon after the battles around Richmond, we were left without 
 field officers, and even without a Captain to take command. At 
 this period Major N. B, Montgomery, P. A. C. S., was assigned 
 to the command of the Third Georgia. Soon after the celebrated 
 campaign against Pope commenced, in which this regiment 
 participated, and in the laurels won in that campaign by Ander- 
 son's Division, this regiment claims a full share. At the second 
 battle of ^lanassas we lost four killed and twenty-two Mounded. 
 Major Montgomery comm.anded in this engagement, and distin- 
 guished himself by his fearlessness on the field of battle. He 
 received a severe wound, disabling him from command. At this 
 time Captain Nisbet (then entitled, and soon after promoted, to 
 the rank of Lieutenant Colonel) returned and assumed command 
 of the regiment. The next important battle in which our regi- 
 ment was engaged, w.as Sharpsburg. Here we took into action 
 one hundred and twenty-five men, and lost twenty-four killed 
 and forty-eight wounded. Lieutenant Colonel Nisbet commanded 
 the regiment in this never to be forgotten battle, and after leading 
 his command into line, fell dangerou^y wounded in several places. 
 He w.as left on the field of battle and fell into the hands of the 
 enemy. Captain John F. Jones succeeded to the command of 
 the regiment. He was soon after promoted to Major, while Cap- 
 tain Edward J. Walker was made Colonel, and Csptain R. B. 
 Nisbet Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment. In the first battle 
 of Fredericksburg, though present on the field and under a heavy 
 fire, we did not become engaged with the enemy. We lost one 
 man killed by a shell, Colonel Edward J. Walker, commanding. 
 During the months of January ami February, 1863, Wright's 
 Brigade was stationed at the United States Ford, on the Rap- 
 })ahannock. Fortifications were required, and the men worked 
 day and night, through snow and rain, to complete them. The 
 Third Georgia bore more than an equal share in these hardships. 
 The sufferings of this command at United States Ford, from cold 
 short rations, and a scanty supply of clothing, could scarcely 
 have been excelled by those which so severely tried the fortitude 
 .and patriotism of our forefathers, when quartered in the historic 
 Valley Forge. Tender command of Major Jones, the Tliird Geor- 
 gia .'shared in all the marches and engagements aromid Chancel- 
 lorsville and Fredericksburg during the first week in May. 
 Major Jones received a wound at Chancellorsvillo which cost him 
 his right arna. In a charge upon the Yankees around Donmond'i 
 
78 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 house, near Fredericksburg, under the immediate observation of 
 General Lee, the Third Georgia elicited the hearty praise of that 
 soldier chieftain. Our loss in the several engagements was six- 
 teen killed and one hundred and fifteen wounded. 
 
 The Third Georgia continued in Wright's Brigade, Anderson's 
 Division, Hill's Corps, and participated largely in all the hard- 
 ships and fighting of these organizations in the second invasion 
 of the enemy's country by tlie Army of Northern Virginia. 
 
 The deeds of Wright's Brigade on the 2d of July, 1863, at 
 the battle of Gettysburg, aj-e already knovyn to the public. It is 
 but sufficient to say, that the Third Georgia merited a full share 
 of the laurels won there. We carried into action five hundred 
 men, and our losses were forty-one killed and one hundred and- 
 forty-eight wounded. Colonel Walker commanded in the battle of 
 Gettysburg, and Captain C. H. Andrews acted as Lieutenant 
 Colonel. 
 
 On the 23d of July, 1863, Wright's Brigade was ordered to 
 guard the pass at Manassas Gap. The different corps of our army 
 were marching through Front Royal and Chester Gap, and it 
 was important to prevent the enemy from cutting our columns in 
 two. This regiment was assigned to a position on the right of 
 the brigade, and separated from it nearly a mile. Our posi- 
 tion was on the top of a mountain, which commanded, a view of 
 the enemy's positioi*. About two o'clock, P. M., the enemy 
 having concentrated a force of about ten thousand men, advanced 
 in solid column. Our command skirmished with them until 
 numbers bore down too heavily, when we fell back to a position 
 nearer the brigade. Here Captain Andrews, in obedience to 
 orders to hold our position at all hazards, disposed of his forces 
 properly, and calmly awaited tlie approach of the enemy. Soon 
 their solid massive columns appeared over the mountain top, and 
 they came pouring down upon us. When they arrived within 
 three hundred yards, our Enfield rifles commenced fire upon them, 
 and as they steadily advanced, our boys kept up a (iontinuous 
 fire, which often broke their ranks, and turned them back in con- 
 fusion. But the fresh columns supporting their advance came on, 
 until out-flanked and borne down by weight of numbers, our 
 regiment was ordered to tall back to the supporting line behind 
 us. The Yankees did not pursue, being checked by our artil- 
 lery, which had by this time gotten into position. We had done 
 heavy execution in the enemy's ranks, killing and wounding 
 
THIRD GEORGIA REGIMENT. 79 
 
 more tlian the total number* of oui* regiment engaged; besides, 
 our biigade tlius lield the enemy in check until Lieutenant Gen- 
 eral Ewell could bring up the troops of his corps, and get them 
 into position to prevent their further advance. Colonel Edward 
 J. Walker was in command of the brigade, and was badly 
 wounded. Tlie regiment numbered in this engagement about 
 two hundred men, and lost in kjlled, fourteen, and in wounded, 
 forty-five men. The brigade was highly complimented by Lieu- 
 tenant General EwcU, who was on the field and witnessed its 
 conduct. The troops in the line of battle supporting us, were 
 on a hill which commanded a view of the combatants. They 
 warmly congratulated their comrades of the Third Georgia upon 
 theii" heroic conduct. 
 
 The enemy after a long season of quiet, suddenly exhibited 
 signs of activity euily in May, 1864. 
 
 On the 4th instant, the regiment, in conjunction with the Divi- 
 sion of General Anderson, broke u}) cam|) and marched to 
 Vediersville. A part of our cavalry force had already engaged 
 the enemy and drove them back towards Chancellorsville. We 
 continued on the road to a point known as Parker's Store, w*hen 
 the advance of otir army became engaged, and fought during the 
 rest of the day, and again on the next day.* These fights on the 
 5th and 6tb of May, are well known as the battle of the Wil- 
 derness. 
 
 General Gr.ant having failed in his direct assault, pursued his 
 future movements by parallels, and the two armies again collided 
 at Spottsylvania Court House. The Third Georgia was not 
 actively engaged in the g^jneral engagements of either of the 
 above named fights, VmU on the 14th instant at Spottsylvania, in 
 connection with other forces, charged the Yankees in their breast- 
 works, and after a fight of twenty minutes duration, routed 
 them, capturing one stand of colors, and many small arms. Our 
 lo.<»s was, for the length of time engaged, very severe, being 
 Hcrenty-eight men killed and wounded. Again the enemy moved ; 
 this time towards the Xorth Anna river. During this movement, 
 bis rear was attacked by a poition of Anderson's Division, this 
 regiment supporting Harris' Mississippi Brigade. The enemy 
 were forced back upon the main column, bnt owing to the lat«-, 
 
 ♦I am flfpured thai my informant (the AfljiitAnt of the Thii i is 
 
 mistaken in llie daten of tlie L>atllc of Ihe Wiliierness, and liav< -m 
 
 accordingly. 
 
80 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 ness of the hour, farther active (Operations were suspended. 
 Many minor incidents of interest occurred, but which space 
 forbids mention of. The regiment after the incident mentioned 
 above marched to Petersburg. To detail all that has been done 
 by Anderson's Division, which during the whole campaign has 
 been commanded by General Mahone, and in which the Third 
 Georgia has borne a conspicuous part, would occupy too great 
 space. 
 
 The regiment took a part in the dreadful fight of July 30th, 
 when Grant, by springing a mine under our works, succeeded in 
 gaining foothold within our lines. The Third Georgia was in 
 the desperate charge, (which resulted in the almost total annihi- 
 lation of the Yankees and negroes, who were in our lines,) and 
 lost heavily. In appreciation of the services of the division 
 during the siege of Petersburg, General A. P. Hill has published 
 the following congratulatory order, in which he expresses his 
 admiration for the great services performed by the division : 
 
 Headquarters Third Army Corps, ) 
 August -ith, 1864. J 
 
 GENERAL ORDERS No. 17. 
 
 Anderson's Division, commanded by Brigadier General "William Mahone, has 
 so distinguished itself by its successes during the present campaign, as to merit 
 the special mention of the corps commander; and he tenders to the division, its 
 officers and men, his thanks for the gallantry displayed by them, whether in 
 attacking or attacked. 
 
 Thirty-one (31) stand of colors, fifteen (15) pieces of artillery, and four thou- 
 sand (4000) .prisoners* captured in battle, are the proud mementoes which 
 signalize their valor, and entitle it to the admiration and gratitude of our coun- 
 try. [Signed] 
 
 A. P. HILL, Lieutenant General. 
 
 Of the above three stand of colors, many prisoners and part 
 of a battery of artillery, show what part the Third regiment has 
 taken in the conflicts of the campaign, while its long list of killed 
 and wounded sufficiently attest its gallantry. The fight of July 
 30th was the last engagement in which the Third Georgia has 
 borne a part up to the present time of writing, (August 4th.) 
 The instances of personal bravery have been so numerous that 
 commanders dislike to make distinctions, in giving names to the 
 public. A fevv are, hoWever, appended. 
 
 In the charge at Gettysburg, while the regiment was driving 
 the enemy before them, the color-bearer was shot down and the 
 battle flaty fell to the ground. Adjutant Samuel L. Alexander, 
 
THIRD GEORGIA REGIMENT. 81 
 
 being near by snatched up the colors and bore them aloft, as the 
 regiment advanced triumphantly to the guns of the enemy. 
 While carrying the colors Adjutant Alexander had his uniform 
 pierced by eight bullets, and was severely wounded in the right 
 arm. 
 
 The day after the battle of Manassas, No. 2, Lieutenant John 
 H. Evans, of Covington, then but a mere boy in years, was wan- 
 dering over the battle field, when he came suddenly upon a 
 picket of the enemy, consisting of thirty (30) men, who in the 
 hurry of the flight, the day previous, had not been relieved. Not 
 at all abashed by the number of the enemy, he coolly ordered 
 them to surrender, and marched them triumphantly to the rear. 
 
 After leaving the Chickamacomico beach, it was discovered, 
 upon our return to Roanoke Island, that one poor youth was 
 missing, having been when last seen, delirious and idiotic from 
 excessive fatigue. Colonel Wright called for a volunteer to go 
 in searcli of him. Private Rice, of company H, stepped forward 
 and offered his services which were accepted. Securing a small 
 skiff, he recrossed the Albemarle Sound, landed on the beach 
 then reoccupied by the Yankees, and after sevtjral days' absence 
 and many adventures, returned to Roanoke Island, bringing in 
 safety bis lost friend. And thus instance after instance might be 
 related of individual gallantry and devotion, enough to fill a 
 volume ; and it is easier to mention the few who have not behaved 
 well, than the many who have on all occasions and under all 
 circum^^tance8, sustained so nobly their own and their regiment's 
 widely known renown. 
 
 Not a field officer who has ever commanded in action has 
 escaped. General A. R. Wright, late Colonel of the Third 
 freorgia, has been twice wounded. Major Sturgis was killed ; 
 Major Montgomery wounded ; Colonel Walker wounded ; Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel Nisbet has been wounded time and again ; Major 
 Jones also severely wounded. Company A has had three officers 
 killed or maimed for life, and two wounded twice. Company B 
 of Putnam has had thirteen men killed and eighty-eight wounded. 
 Company F, of Wilkinson, has had twenty-two killed and seventy- 
 two wounded. In a word, the Third Georgia, or the "old Third," 
 as it is called in Anderson's Division, is one of the historic 
 regiments of our State, and needs no laudation, as its gallant 
 deeds are entwined around the hearts of a grateful people. Like 
 the Fourth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Twelfth, Fourteenlh and 
 
 K 
 
82 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 Eij^hteenth and other of the first volunteer regiments in the; 
 Army of N^orthern Virginia, it hus made for itself an imperishable 
 renown, and decked, its banners with imfoding laurels. And 
 to-day she holds her place on the riglit of Wright's Brigade, five 
 hundred strong, despite the grape, canister and rainie balls, 
 despite the frequent presence of the grim monster Death, ready 
 to enter upon another campaign with a courage as high, an 
 enthusiasm as noble, as she exhibited upon the 1st of May, 1861, 
 when, she .marched from the city of Augusta, near one thousand 
 strong, on her route to the glorious Old Dominion, with drums 
 beating and banners flying, over a host of as brave hearts and 
 strong arms as ever oifered themselves as modern " Macarias '* 
 upon the sacrificial altars of their country. 
 
 The following resolution was adopted unanimously by the last 
 Congress : — 
 
 " Joint Mesolution of thanks to the Officers and Men of the 
 Third Georgia Regiment. 
 
 "Resolved by the Congress of the Confederate States of 
 America, — That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby 
 tendered to the ofllcers and men of the Third Georgia Regiment, 
 through its representatives in Congress, who were the first to 
 leave their state to battle on the soil of Virginia ; whose gallant 
 dead have been left on many of her historic battle-fields; which 
 entire regiment, to a man, has cheerfully and xinanimously 
 re-enlisted for the war, — resolving that as they were the first to 
 take up arms in the cause of liberty and independence, they will 
 be the last to lay them down. 
 
 "Approved February 15th, 1864." 
 
 Thus hurriedly and incompletely has been thrown together a 
 few of the prominent facts connected with the history of this 
 regiment, — hoping that when peace shall again smile upon us, 
 you may be enabled to collect from the remnant of its war-worn 
 veterans, materials to fill a niche in a full and complete history 
 of the volunteer soldiery of the Empire State of the South. 
 
 Connected with this regiment are two or three incidents which I have 
 gathered outside of the foregoing report, and I am constrained to notice them_ 
 
 A GALLANT LIEUTENANT. 
 
 During one of our fights with tlie enemy near Spottsylvania Court House 
 Virginia, on the 14th of May, General Wright's Brigade was ordered to charge 
 the enemirs works. In doing so the Third Georgia passed through a heavy 
 
THIRD GEORGIA REGIMENT. 83 
 
 fire of minie balls, losing seventy-cij^ht men in killed and wounded. The 
 color-bearer of the regiment being wounded, planted the colors in tlie ground 
 and retired to the rear. At this moment the skirmish line was ordered to halt, 
 which was understood by many As an order for the regiment to halt, which 
 they did. Perceiving that a crisis was at hand, Lieutenant R. G. HjTiian 
 sprang forward, seized the colors fix)m amid a jjile of tlie slain, and waving the 
 «ro8s of our country in the face of th^ foe, called upon the old Third to rally 
 to it, which they did with a rebel yell, and the Yankee breastworks wcro 
 taken. Lieutenant Ilyman was at least fifty yards in advance of the regiment 
 all the time. He has been highly complimented by Lieutenant General Hill 
 and all his officers ; he is of Company F, of Wilkinson County, Georgia. 
 
 Color-sergeant Li\ingston of Company C, was killed while bearing the 
 colors at least thirty yards in front of his regiment. His gallantry was 
 particularly conspicuous, and his name deserves to be placed high in the list 
 of the " Heroes and Martyrs" of our native state. 
 
 The original color guard of ten men of this regiment, have nil been killed 
 in battle, excepting E. R. Hughes of Wilkinson County, and his life would 
 doubtless have been lost, had it not been for the ball striking two brass checks 
 in his pocket. As it was, he was severely wounded. 
 
 In closing this list, I cannot forbear mentioning the name of the brave but 
 unfortunate Lieutenant Colonel R. B. Nisbet, wl)ose name is almost a by- word in 
 his brigade, for coolness, courage and unexcelled bravery. At Sharpsburg he 
 received seven very severe pounds, any of which might have proven fatal. Ho 
 was severely wounded at Malvern Hill also. He is now placed on the retired 
 list, but his burning sjnrit is still eager for the fray. His many honorable 
 scars point to him the necessilj' of his remaining in quiet, but the bugle notes 
 of his gallant comrades' battle shout, arouse the lion within )iim, and hia soul 
 pants to lead them on Ut victory in his country's cause. 
 
 Tliere appears a wide difTiarity between the report of casualties by the 
 Adjutant, and the rei>ort furnished me by a member of the regiment, revised 
 uid corrected by Colonel Kiabet falmselfl According to the information I have 
 --fciaed by enquiry among the company commanders, Ac, the losses of the 
 Third Georgia in killed and wounded, stand as follows: — 
 
 Killf 1 in action 221 
 
 ^\v.unded 667 
 
 Total of caHOflltiefi, 
 
 Company F, of Wilkinson County, according te the report of the Adjutant, 
 has lost twentj'-two (22) men killed: but Captain Mason, its commander, assures 
 me that he has lost Uurly-<Jiue ( '11) men killed, i am informed that tlie cause of 
 the difference in the \\\ ii the Adjutant'* book has h 
 
 twice lost, and that tli' lies in his report; also that 
 
 been several incumbent-) of lli<- aiijiii^uuy, and that an error in th<- repurt of 
 the present incumbent, it likely to arite through^o fault on h'la jtart. 
 
FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT 
 
 GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 STATISTICAL REPORT. 
 
 Number of men origiiMilly enlisted, 
 Number of recruits received. 
 Number of conscripts received, 
 
 Total, 
 
 LOSSES. 
 
 Number of men killed in action. 
 
 Number of men died of wounds and disease, 
 
 Total of deaths, 
 
 Number of men discharged, . 
 
 Number of men deserted, (substitutes, all), 
 
 Total real losses, 
 Number of men wounded in battle, 
 
 Total of real and apparent loss. 
 
 854 
 
 241 
 
 33 
 
 112S 
 
 189 
 261 
 
 450 
 
 102 
 19 
 
 571 
 368 
 
 929 
 
 CHANGES IN riELD OrFICEKS. 
 
 Major J. R. Whitehead resigned July I7'th, 1863 ; the" vacancy was filled by 
 the promotion of Captain: M. R. Hall. Lieutenant Colonel R. W. Carswell 
 resigned December 23d, 1863, and the vacancy was filled by the promotioTi 
 of Major M. R. Hall. The regiment has no Major at present: Captain A. C. 
 Flanders will no doubt receive the appointment of Major. The regiment is 
 composed of ten companies, as follows : — 
 
 ORIGINAL OEGANIZATION. 
 
 Company A, Gibson Volunteers, Glasscock County, Captain A. Kelley, 
 Company B, Warren Infantry, Warren County, Captain M. R. Hall. 
 Company C, Georgia Light Guards, Richmond County, Captain H. S. Dortie, 
 Company D, Burke Volunteers, Burke County, Captain J. A. Harlow. 
 Company E, Jefferson Volunteers, Jefferson County, Captain R. W. Carswell. 
 Company F, Battle Ground Guards, Johnson County, Captain T. W. Kent. 
 Company G, Slappey Guards, Twiggs Countj^, Captain XJ. A. Rice. 
 Company H, McLeod Volunteers, Emanuel Coanty, Captain Neal McLeod. 
 Company I, Wilson Tigers, Richmond County, Captain R. J. Wilson. 
 Company K, Hamilton Rangers, Columbia County, Captain T. J. Hamilton, 
 
FORTY-EIGHTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. d& 
 
 The companies assembled at Camp Davis, in Effingham Countjs 
 Georgia, on the 10th and 11th days of Marcli, 18<}2. On the 
 15th tlie regiment was organized and field officers were elected. 
 William Gibson, a private in the company from Richmond 
 County, was unanimously chosen Colonel ; Captain R. W. Cars- 
 well, of Jefferson County, was also unanimously elected Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel ; and J*. Randolph Whitehead was, by a majority 
 vote, elected Major. 
 
 On the l7th of March the regiment was ordered to Grahams- 
 ville, South Carolina. They proceeded to that point by railroad, 
 their baggage requiring more cars to transport it, than were 
 occupied by the troops. During the stay of the regiment at 
 Grahamsville, the alarm was sounded one night about midnight, 
 and the regiment was gotten under arms and double-quicked 
 about three miles towards the coast to meet the Yankees, 
 " reported " to be advancing from that direction. Every one 
 was kept in the dark, except the field officers, until the stimulus 
 was exhausted, and the getters-up of the alarm had to return to 
 camp to get a fresh supply of hoaxing material. The boys 
 returned to camp very much fatigued, satisfied to let the 
 " powers that be " enjoy their joke, so long as their slumbers 
 were not again disturbed. 
 
 The regiment left Grahamsville, on the 5th of May, for 
 Charleston, and reached their destination the next day. The regi- 
 ment made a great display as they marched through the streets of 
 the city in all their pristine strength ; but, alas ! where are they 
 now? Many of them are lying beneath the consecrated soil of 
 Virginia, with no tablet to mark their last resting place! Many, 
 the maimed and scarred victims of this hellish war, are lingering 
 out lives of agony at home! But the few that are left — the 
 glorious, gallant few — are still standing, proudly hurling defiance 
 at the foe! The regiment was camped in Ilampstead Mai!, near 
 Half Moon Battery, which was a very gay place for soldiers — no 
 duty to perform except guard duty, (which the boys thought 
 very hard), and oocisionally l»attalion drill. Rations were very 
 good ; vegetables and fresh meats abounded in the market, and 
 money was very plentiful with all the boys, as they had just 
 received their fifty dollars bounty ; but this was too good to last 
 long. The regiment was dissatisfied, as soldiers usually ar?, 
 when they have nothing to do, and they were very anxious to 
 get into more active service. 
 
86 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 On the 25th of May the regiment was ordered to Richmond, 
 Virginia. It left Charleston one thousand strong, carrying six- 
 teen (16) cars loaded with baggage. The troops were compelled 
 to lay over two days in Wilmington, for want of transpor- 
 tation. June 2d the regiment arrived in Richmond, and were 
 ordered into camp, near the suburbs of the city, on the Wil- 
 liamsburg road, where they remained until the commencement 
 of th^ battles around Richmond. 
 
 On the 25th of June, 1862, at one o'clock, A. M., the regiment 
 was ordered under arms, and marched to Chancellorsville, where 
 it arrived about the middle of the day. It was allowed to rest 
 until late in the evening, and was then moved across the 
 Chickahominy river, and formed in line of battle to assault the 
 enemy's works. Ripley's Brigade, to which the Forty-eighth 
 Oeorgia was attached, was ordered to charge the enemy's line 
 of entrenchments, distant from us about one mile. The troops 
 •moved forward with great spirit and zeal, as though they 
 expected an easy job. On nearing the works, the enemy opened 
 upon us with artillery ; the line pressed forward, and very soon 
 the sharp crack of musketry told, that "the Angel of Death had 
 spread his wings on the blast." It Avas getting dark and the 
 distance could not be calculated. The troops continued to 
 advance under the heavy fire of infantry and artillery, without 
 faltering, until they came to an impassable canal or millrace, 
 within two hundred yards of the enemy's works, that could not 
 by any means be passed, and the regiment was ordered to fall 
 back a short distance, and hold the ground they had gained. 
 The troops were withdrawn in good order, and their line estab- 
 lished in the edge of a pine thicket, about four hundred yards 
 from the enemy's works, where they remained until morning. 
 Losses of the Forty-eighth Georgia, ten killed and twenty-five 
 wounded. 
 
 On the 2'7th of June the regiment left Mechaniesville for Cold 
 Harbor, and arrived there about three o'clock, P. M. The 
 march was a very hard one, and the weather very warm. The 
 nights were very cool, and the men suffered much for want of 
 covering to shield them from the cold night air, as they were 
 brought from camp in light marching order, without knapsacks 
 or blankets. 
 
 The brigade was not engaged in the battle of Cold Harbor, 
 they being held in reserve ; but so close to the engagement were 
 
FORTY-EIGHTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 87 
 
 they, that several men were killed and wounded in the Forty- 
 eighth Georgia. The troops had made a forced march to get 
 there, but were in good spirits, and ready for any work they 
 might have been called upon to do. The loss was four killed and 
 five wounded. 
 
 The 28th and 29th days of June, we remained on the battle 
 field, caring for the wounded, burying the dead, and gathering 
 np arms, sutler's stores, »fcc., left on the field by the enemy in 
 their hot haste to get away. 
 
 On the 30th of June, the Forty-eighth followed the enemy to 
 White Oak Swamp, and there camped for the night. The next 
 morning (July 1st,) early, we started to Malvern Hill, and 
 arrived there about three o'clock in the evening. The brigade 
 was formed into line, and about six o'clock was ordered into the 
 fight, to support some troops in front of us. Owing to some 
 misunderstanding of the orders, Colonel Gibson moved up only 
 two companies, the other eight companies remaining behind in a 
 ravine with Lieutenant Colonel Carswell. When the battle was 
 nearly over the mistake was discovered, and the balance of the 
 regiment was brought up, but too late to get into the fight. The 
 two companies engaged, displayed great coolness under fire, and 
 delivered their fire with great effect upon the enemy. Losses 
 four killed and thirty-nine wounded. 
 
 In this engagement Colonel Gibson had one ball to pass through 
 his coat, and another to cut away the top of a low felt hat he 
 was wearing. 
 
 The next day the regiment was moved from the battle field 
 about two miles, and ordered into camp, where we remained . 
 alx)ut a week, and then returned to the old camp near Richmond. 
 . The day after our arrival at our old camp, the regiment was 
 transferred to the brigade of General A. R. Wright, of Augusta, 
 Georgia, and in a few days moved to Falling Creek, v here the 
 brigade was at that time encamped. While at this camp tiie 
 men were very sickly, numbers of them dying daily. Some 
 companies numbering over one hundred men, had only twent\, 
 and twenty-five men fit for doty. 
 
 About the 1st day of Augtist the regiment was moved to 
 Point of Rocks, on the Appomattox river, distant from Falling 
 Oeek twelve miles. While there the health of the men improved 
 considerably. 
 
 On the I6th of August the command returned to Falling 
 
88 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 Creek, and on the 18th started to the Valley after Pope, whose 
 headquarters were at that time in the saddle, but which were 
 soon superseded by other quarters. The march to Manassas was 
 one which severely tried the patience of the men. They were 
 often without any thing to eat, except green corn and apples. 
 Many of them were barefooted and nearly naked. On the 28th 
 of August the regiment had a skirmish with the enemy, near 
 Jefferson, Virginia, losing two men wounded. From Jefferson 
 the regiment went on to Manassas, where they arrived about 
 five o'clock, A. M. They formed line and rested until evening. 
 The fight was raging with great fury when they were ordered 
 in. The Forty-eighth Georgia was marching through a thick 
 piece of woods, where they came upon the enemy in ambush. 
 They poured a volley into our ranks before our men were aware 
 that they were near an enemy. The fire was received with great 
 coolness, and they at once returned the fire, and in a few minutes 
 had the Yankees flying for safety, leaving many dead and 
 wounded in our hands. Our loss was, killed tAventy-two (22), 
 wounded twenty-eight (28). In this engagement the men and 
 officers displayed great gallantry and did vast execution. 
 
 Here fell the brave and noble Captain Allen Kelley, mortally 
 wounded. Although a member of the Georgia Legislature and 
 subject to neither conscription or draft, he gave his services to 
 his country, and nobly fell battling for its freedom and indepen- 
 dence. After one of his men had fallen, he seized his gun and 
 pressed forward, giving his commands and assisting in their 
 execution, until he himself was lain bleeding and mortally 
 wounded, upon the sod. He was idolized by his brave boys, 
 and highly esteemed by his brother officers of the line, and 
 implicitly confided in by his superior officers, for his cool and 
 dauntless courage and great discretion, at all times and under all 
 circumstances. Here also Colonel Gibson received a painful 
 wound, but did not quit the field until the fighting had ceased. 
 He returned, however, on the very next morning. 
 
 From Manassas the regiment went into Maryland, crossing 
 the Potomac at Leesburg, September 3d. From Leesburg it 
 proceeded to Frederick City, Maryland, where it remained three 
 days, and then to Maryland Heights near Harper's Ferry. The 
 Forty-eighth remained there until its capitulation, which occurred 
 on Monday, September 16th. On the evening of the 15th, it 
 reci'ossed at Harper's Ferry, moved up the river towards Sharps- 
 
FORTY-EIGHTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 89 
 
 l)urg, and at eight o'clock, A. M. on the l7th, crossed the 
 Potomac at Shepherdstown, marclicfl about two miles, formed 
 line, and rested about fifteen minutes. Knapsacks were thrown 
 off, and the troops ordered forward at the expiration of that 
 time. The brigade adv.anecd about eight hundred yards under 
 a heavy artiller}' fire, when they came upon the enemy's line of 
 infantry. The ground was hotly contested for three hours, 
 resulting in a drawn battle. Thfc Forty-eighth charged them 
 several times, and would succeed in driving them back, but were 
 compelled each time to fall back, by the large numbers of fresh 
 troops they would bring against us. At this fight Colonel Gibson 
 was slightly wounded in two places. 
 
 The regiment remained in line all that day and the day 
 following, until at twelve o'clock at night orders were given to 
 withdraw from the field and cross the river at Shepherdstown ; 
 which was done in good order. Losses in the Forty-eighth at 
 Sharpsburg amounted to, killed twenty-one, wounded thirty-six. 
 After crossing the river we marched about three miles east of 
 Shepherdstown, and formed line, expecting the enemy to follow 
 us. After remaining in line one day and no enemy appearing, 
 we were marched to a point near Martinsburg, and bivouacked 
 until the 2.5th of September. AVe then started for Winchester, 
 and after one of the most tiresome night marches that men ever 
 endured, reached Winchester at about four o'clock, A. M., when 
 we struck camp, and remained until the 1st of November. 
 While at this point, man and beast fared well. Fine water, fine 
 beef and pork were plentiful. November 1st the troops left 
 Winchester for Culpepper, and marched that day twenty-three 
 miles. At night the boys were so broken down, that only 
 nineteen of the regiment came up to stack arras. The next 
 morning at seven o'clock the boys had all come up, ready for 
 another day's march. We reached Culpepper on the .3d of 
 November, and remained until the 20th. While at this camp an 
 amusing circumstance occurred with a fellow in the Quarterm.18- 
 ter's Department. One of the men had got hold of a clock 
 weight and fixed an artillery fuse to it, and carried it to the fire 
 where f»everal of the boys were standing, among them this 
 Quartermaster gentleman, who was not accustomed to f-hells and 
 had no deflrc to have them about liim. He at once commenced 
 persuading our waggish boy to throw it away, as it was very 
 dangerous with the fuse attached. The man who had the weight, 
 
 L 
 
90 HEROES AND MARTTES OF GEORGIA. 
 
 told him he wanted to see if it would burn, and thrust the fuse 
 into the fire. As the fuse commenced to burn, the Quartermaster 
 broke for dear life, running over a tent and through a large 
 brush pile, swearing as he absqu.atulated, that he would shoot 
 the next man that threw a shell into that fire. 
 
 On the 20th the regiment started for Fredericksburg, and 
 arrived there on the 22d. On the 11th day of December, we 
 formed line of battle near the town, and remained until the 
 battle was over without participating, as the' enemy did not 
 advance upon us. After the fight was over we returned to 
 camp, where we remained a few days only, as soon after our 
 arrival we were ordered to United States Ford, where our 
 sufferings were greater than men can usually endure. The 
 Forty-eighth remained here from the 8th of January, 1863, until 
 the 25th of February, without any tents or shelter, except such 
 as the men could improvise with their blankets, &c., and even 
 they were scarce. Rations were very poor, and very often the 
 men had nothing to eat at all. The weather was very cold, the 
 ground covered with snow and ice nearly all the time. A portion 
 of our time was occupied in working on batteries that have 
 never benefited us at all. 
 
 On the 25th of February, 1863, we started for camp near 
 Guinea's Station. The snow was about eighteen inches deep, and 
 very bad, of course, to travel through. That night we camped 
 near Fredericksburg. The next morning it was raining, and the 
 marching we did that day was awful. Tlie ice, snow and mud 
 were nearly knee deep, and the weather was extremely cold. 
 We arrived at camp about three o'clock, P. M., and at once set 
 about making fires to warm our frozen limbs. This camp was 
 the winter quarters of General Hood's Division, and he had left 
 them and gone below Petersburg. The little huts were neatly 
 constructed and comfortable ; wood was convenient and plentiful. 
 The Forty-eighth remained at this camp until ordered to Chan- 
 cellorsrille to meet the army of "Fighting Joe Hooker." 
 
 On the 1st day of May we had a hot skirmish with a party 
 of the enemy who were annoying Stuart's cavalry, and drove 
 them back about one mile. That night we returned to the plank 
 road east of the town, and remained there that day.» The next 
 morning we moved up nearer the town, fronting the enemy's 
 works on the south side, and were the recipients of the most 
 awful shelling ever witnessed. The next day the regiment went 
 
FORTY-EIGHTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 91 
 
 back to Fredericksburg, and charged the enemy's lines at 
 Donnwan's House, completely routing them. Regiment lost at 
 Chanrellorsville, eleven killed and twenty-seven wounded ; at 
 Dounwan's House, one killed and eight wounded. At the battle 
 of Chancellorsville, Captain W. A. Kendrick of Twiggs County, 
 the successor of Captain Rice, fell mortally wounded, and soon 
 died. Captain Kendrick went into the ranks of the Forty-eighth 
 Georgia as a private soldier, and was only about nineteen years 
 of age ; but such was his gallantry on every field, and such his 
 gentlemanly deiK>rtnient in camp, as marked him as a young man 
 of DO ordinary qualities; and upon the first vacancy occurring 
 in his command he was elected by his company, first a lieutenant, 
 and was afterwards promptly promoted to the command of his 
 company. 
 
 In a few days the regiment was ordered back to their huts 
 near Guinea's Station, and remained there tmtil the army started 
 to Pennsylvania. On the 4th of June the regiment went to 
 Fredericksburg, and took position in the rifle pits surrounding 
 that town. A little skirmish took place here, in which the 
 Forty-eighth Georgia lost two men wounded. On the 14th of 
 June the Forty-eighth started for Pennsylvania^ The first two 
 days' marches were very hard upon the boys, the weather being 
 very hot and the rate of march too rapid, (twenty miles per day). 
 Numbers of them fainted on the way, but soon recovered and 
 followed on. The march in Pennsylvania was very pleasant and 
 admirably conducted, making on an average about twelve miles 
 per day. Gettysburg, the town which gave name to one of the 
 most fearful battles of modern times, was reached July 1st, 
 about five o'clock, P. M. 
 
 The next morning the line was formed, and at four o'clock, 
 }*, M., the most gallant charge ever executed by any troops, was 
 made. The enemy's position was carried, but supports failing to 
 make their appearance, we were compelled to retire, leaving 
 many of our dead and wounded in the hands of the enemy. We 
 thou returned to our original line, and remained there until the 
 night of the 4th. TIm- 1o«s of the Forty-eighth Georgia in this 
 terrible battle, was fearful, amounting to eighty-one killed, and 
 ono hundred and twenty-five wounder?. Three hundred and 
 twpiity-five men were, all that were carried into action. 
 
 In this action Colonel Gibson fell severely wounded by three 
 different balls, and was lefl on the field. The Lieutenant ColoDel 
 
92 HEROES AND MAETYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 was wounded, the acting Major, Captain J. H. Harlow,* killed, 
 and in fact, every officer of the line, except one captain and one 
 lieutenant, was either killed or wounded. Captain T. H. Polhill, 
 a brave, noble officer, fell. He was a young lawyer of much 
 promise in his profession, a perfect gentleman and a good scholar. 
 Captain Jarvis, a worthy successor of the gallant Keudrick, also 
 poured out his blood upon this bloody field. The fearlessly brave 
 Lieutenant Burnsides, in Command of the company from the 
 county of Columbia, also offered up his life upon the altar of his 
 country. Captain Dick Wilson lost his arm; the undaunted 
 Captain Kent fell severely wounded on the field ; also Lieutenants 
 Frank Allen, and Skinner, from Burke, were wounded. 
 
 On the night of the 4th the regiment commenced their retreat* 
 which was conducted leisurely, the enemy not interfering. At 
 Waynesboro, Pennsylvania, the Forty-eighth remained two days, 
 and made a capture of some horses and fifteen barrels of whisky, 
 which, the weather being very inclement, was freely issued to 
 the men, who had a very merry time, considering what a terrible 
 ordeal they had but just passed through. It was assuredly a 
 most welcome treat. At Hagerstown we halted for several days, 
 and offi^red battle, but the enemy would not accept the profiered 
 guantlet. On the night of the 10th of July we left Hagerstown, 
 and mached to the Potomac. The niglit was very dark and the 
 rain was falling heavily ; the mud was very slippery, and but 
 few men escaped a fall into it that night. The next morning the 
 boys looked like they had been wallowing or laying at full length 
 in the mud, wliich amusing spectacle was received at light with 
 shouts of laughter. That morning, the 11th, we crossed the 
 river at Falling Waters, rested there until the next day, and 
 then marched to Bunker Hill. Here we remained a few days, 
 and then went on to Front Royal. 
 
 On the 23d Wright'^ Brigade was sent to Manassas Gap to 
 guard the mountain pass, until the army could effiict its passage 
 by Front Royal. We had been there but a few hours when the 
 enemy's line advanced and drove in our skirmishers, and very 
 soon engaged our line. The Yankee force on this occasion 
 amounted to ten thousand men ; our force did not exceed six 
 hundred. We held them in check until General Ewell sent up 
 reinforcements. We fought them three hours, and when General 
 
 *Colonel Gibson pays an eloquent tribute to the memory of this -gallant 
 officer, whose natural bravery could not be surpassed. 
 
FORTY-EIGHTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 93 
 
 Ewell sent the supports, the Forty-eighth Georgia had but one 
 round of ammunition. They poured tliat into the Yankees, and 
 then retired to the line of supports. We returned that night to 
 Front Royal and obtained some whisky, which our .efficient 
 Commissary had procured for us to revive our drooping spirits. 
 We then turned toward Culpepper, and had a very pleasant time 
 on the road for three days, the time required to get to our 
 destination. AV^e remained at Culpepper several days. On the 
 1st of August the Yankee cavalry came too near us, and we 
 gave them a chase, but they ran too fast, and we could not 
 overtake them. On the .3d of August we started for Orange 
 Court House, and arrived there on the 4th. A month was spent 
 at Orange very pleasantly. 
 
 On the 10th of September the Yankees advanced to the Rapid 
 Ann river, and we were x)rdered to Robertson's Ford, three 
 miles below the railroad bridge, to prevent the enemy from 
 crossing. We remained there until the 8th day of October, 
 when we started on a flank movement. That day we went to 
 Burnett's Ford ; the next day, to Madison Court House ; the 
 next, about six miles west of Culpepper ; the next, to Warrenton ; 
 and the next, to l?risto\v Station, where we remained two days, 
 and then returned to Culpepper. Here we remained until about 
 the uiiddle of November, and then returned to Rapid Ann 
 Station. On the 2Sth of November General Meade crossed the 
 river some distanc^e below us, and we were sent to Mine Run to 
 meet him. We had a light skirmish with them at this place, 
 losing two killed and three wounded. While there we suffered 
 very much from the excessive cold. We were compelled to 
 remain in the trenches with very little fire, and the weather 
 continued bitter cold. The Yankees would not accept battle, 
 but retreated across the river, and we returned to our quarters 
 at Rapid Ann Station, where we remained until the 27lli, when 
 the regiment was moved to Madison River Station, and there 
 built very comfortable winter quarters, where we stayed and 
 enjoyed ourselves fimly until the spring campaign opened. 
 
 On the 29th of December, 1863, the regiment was ordered to 
 build winter quarters, which was promptly done, and the men 
 were soon sheltered (on ]\Indison river). Here we remained 
 until the middle of February, when we marched to meet the 
 enemy advancing on Charlottesville. We arrived at (iordonsvillc 
 about nine, P. M. From there Lieutenant Colonel Hall with the 
 
94 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 Forty-eighth Georgia and Second Georgia Battalion, was ordered 
 to Frederick Hall to meet a raiding party ; but the enemy had 
 passed without doing any damage, before our arrival. Here we 
 remained two days and then rejoined the brigade at Gordonsville. 
 On the 4th of May we broke up camp and moved near Rapid 
 Ann railroad bridge, and from thence proceeded to the Wilder- 
 ness, and were held in reserve during the battle. When the army 
 moved to Spottsylvania, we were left on the line, in the Wilder- 
 ness, until the enemy's forces had left, when we also moved to 
 Spottsylvania, Wright's Brigade being in the rear of the army. 
 A force of the enemy's cavalry being discovered trying to cross 
 the Po river to intercept our wagon train, the Forty-eighth and 
 Second Battalion, under Colonel Hall, were left to support our~ 
 cavalry until the train passed. They then rejoined the brigade 
 on the extreme right of the army, and took position. After night 
 we moved back to the extreme left, to meet the advance of the 
 enemy upon our left. Early in the morning they appeared in 
 our front, and we had a spirited skirmish lasting half an hour, 
 when the enemy retired, leaving several dead on the field ; we 
 lost none. 
 
 On the 14th of May the brigade attacked the enemy on their 
 extreme left, driving them from their works and completely 
 routing them. In this engagement the Forty-eighth Georgia 
 acted well its part, capturing one stand of colors and several 
 prisoners, — losing three killed and twenty-six wounded. We 
 were next engaged at Hanover Junction, where for several days 
 we kept up a regular sharp-shooting fight. From here we 
 marched to Atlee's Station, arriving May 25th. While here 
 Colonel Gibson rejoined his command, having been absent since 
 the battle of Gettysburg, where he was wounded and taken 
 prisoner. 
 
 Grant continuing his move by the left flank, we were ordered 
 to Turkey Ridge, arriving there June 2d, and were put into 
 position in the rear of Colquitt's Brigade, as supports, remaining 
 there twenty-four hours, and then moved farther to the right and 
 took position in the front. At this point the lines of the opposing 
 forces were but a hundred and seventy-five yards apart. Sharp- 
 shooting was kept up continually, causing the loss of some of 
 our bravest men. From Turkey Ridge we moved to Riddle's 
 Shop, fourteen miles from Richmond, and engaged the enemy on 
 the 13th of June, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Hall. The 
 
FORTY-EIGHTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 95 
 
 regiment was deployed and moved forward at once. Finding 
 the enemy posted in an open tield, with infantry, cavalry and 
 three pieces of artillery, we attacked them and drove them from 
 the field, leaving their dead in our hands. Our loss was four 
 killed and thirteen wounded. This was a very creditable affair, 
 as the enemy outnumbered us three to one. On the 22d of June 
 Wright's Brigade attacked the enemy in their works near 
 Petersburg, and with two other brigades captured their Works, 
 inflicting heavy loss in killed and wounded, besides capturing 
 seventeen hundred prisoners. In this engagement the Forty- 
 eighth made a gallant charge on the enemy's works under a most 
 galling fire ever endured by men ; but they pressed forward with 
 cool courage until they gained the enemy's works. The loss of 
 the Forty-eighth Georgia amounted to thirty killed and wounded. 
 
 On the next day, June 23d, we moved around the epemy's 
 flank on the Weldon railroad. When we had arrived on the 
 enemy's extreme left, their sharp-shooters commenced annoying 
 us considerably. Colonel Hall was ordered to take the Forty- 
 eighth and Second Battalion, and drive them from an elevated 
 point in the woods. He quickly moved upon their flank and 
 attacked them, killing, wounding and capturing nearly every man 
 of them. He captured more than his own strength amounted 
 to. The fighting was desperate, — nearly hand to hand. Some 
 of our boys were shot within ten feet of the enemy, who paid 
 dearly for their stubbornness ; their loss being over two hundred, 
 while ours was eleven wounded, three mortally. We here 
 captured the colors of the Eighty-seventh Pennsylvania Regiment. 
 Upon its arrival at Petersburg, the men from marching and two 
 days' fighting, were worn out. 
 
 On the 30th of July, after the explosion of Grant's mine and 
 the capture of a portion of our works, we were ordered there to 
 assist in retaking the line. We arrived at the scene of the 
 explosion alx)Ut nine o'clock, A. M., and went into the fight on 
 the right of Mahone's Brigade. The bullets whistled by us here 
 faster than any man in the brigade ever heard before, and it was 
 certainly one of the most sanguinary fights on record. Nothing 
 could withstand the desperate valor of our boys, and we occu- 
 pied the works on Mahone's immediate right, keeping up a 
 continuous fire on the enemy until the whole line was re-cstablised. 
 In our front the dead lay thicker than has been seen on any 
 battle-field of this war. The loss of the Forty-eighth waa 
 
96 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 thirty-five killed and wounded. The battle-flag of the regiment 
 was pierced by one hundred and three bullets, and three times 
 was the staff cut in two in this engagement. The men and 
 oflicers deserve great credit for their gallantry displayed here. 
 
TENTH BATTALION 
 
 GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 STATISTICAL REPORT. 
 
 At the completion of the organization of the Tenth Georgia Battalion, its 
 BtreQgth waa as follows: — • 
 
 Original strength, 346 
 
 Recruits, to August 1st, 18«4, 293 
 
 Conscripta, 2 
 
 Total, 641 
 
 LOSSES BY DEATH. 
 
 Killed in battle, 34 
 
 Died of disease, . . 166 
 
 Total of deaths, 19» 
 
 I,OSSE8 OTHERWISE THAN BY DEATH. 
 
 Discharged, ......... 48 
 
 Deeert^d, 15 
 
 Transferred, 4 
 
 Resigned, ^ 
 
 Cashiered, 1 
 
 Prisoner of war 1 
 
 Total 74 
 
 Total of actual losaea, .264 
 
 Wounded in action, .118 
 
 Actual and temporary losses ))83 
 
 Kumber of Rubstitut^s in the battalion, . . . . fS 
 Present aggregate utrengih of the battalion, . . 878 
 
 The Tenth Battalion of Georgia Volunteers was organized at 
 Canap Stephens, Georgia, on the 17th day of March, 1862, by 
 the election of Captain John E. Rylander as Major. The 
 battalion then consisted of the following four companies: — 
 
 Company A, Macon County Guards, Macon County, Captain J. D. Frederick. 
 Company B, Worth Rebels, Worth County, Captain Daniel Henderson. 
 Company C, ZoUiooffer Rifles, Sumter County, Captain B. F. BelL 
 Company D, Whittle Onanb, Bibb County, Captain W. L. Jones. 
 
 M 
 
98 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 By order of Brigadier General Mercer, commanding Depart- 
 ment of Georgia, a fifth company was formed on the l7th of 
 July, and John L. Adderton was elected to the Captaincy. The 
 battalion remained at Camp Stephens until the 14th of May, 
 1862. While at this place it was most thoroughly drilled by 
 Major Rylander. 
 
 At the expiration of the above mentioned time, it was ordered 
 to Macon for the purpose of guarding several thousand Federal 
 prisoners, confined at Camp Oglethorpe, near that city. At this 
 most laborious and disgusting service, the battalion sufiered 
 exceedingly with sickness, and was not relieved until the last 
 Federal prisoner was sent to Richmond to be exchanged. On 
 the 15th of December, 1862, orders were received for the 
 Battalion to proceed to Virginia, to join General Lee's army at 
 Fredericksbui'g, Virginia. Arriving there on the 27th, it was 
 attached to General G. T. Anderson's Brigade, General Hood's 
 Division, Longstreet's Corps. 
 
 On the iVth of February, 1863, on the march from Freder- 
 icksburg to Richmond, with the rest of the array, it sufiered 
 incredible hardships, and for five days was exposed to all the 
 horrors of a Northern Virginian snow storm, without any shelter 
 whatever from the bitter blast, which blew cold o'er that, now 
 almost desolated region. The Tenth Battalion participated in 
 the campaign against Sufiblk, and near its close was exchanged 
 for the Fifty-ninth Georgia regiment, and was ordered thence to 
 Fort Powhattan, on the James river. This important position 
 was held under the most trying circumstances, by the Tenth 
 Battalion for nearly two months. 
 
 At this time the enemy having apparently matured his plans 
 for attacking the fort, by both land and water with vastly supe- 
 rior force. General D. H. Hill ordered the evacuation of the 
 fort, the battalion falling back to Petersburg. About the middle 
 of August, the enemy having made some daring demonstrations 
 upon the Blackwater line, the battalion was ordered to Franklin. 
 For eight months it held this line, protecting the surrounding 
 country from the hostile incursions of the enemy, with entire 
 satisfaction to the commandant of the department. About the 
 25th of April, 1864, it was ordered to report to General Lee, at 
 Orabge Court House, Virginia. Immediately upon its arrival at 
 this place it was assigned to the brigade of General A. R. 
 Wright, Anderson's Division, A. P. Hill's Corps. In connection 
 
TENTH GEORGIA BATTALION. 99 
 
 with this division and brigade, the Tenth Battalion participated 
 more or less in all the fierce battles and fatiguing marches of this 
 memorable campaign. It gained no little credit for itself, in the 
 desperate charge upon the fortified position of the enemy on the 
 14th of May, at Spottsylvania Court House. 
 
 On the 2d of June it had the misfortune to lose its most effi- 
 cient and gallant commanding officer, ]\[ajor J. E. Kylander, who 
 was instantly killed at Cold Harbor or Gaine's Mill, on that date. 
 "He was one of Georgia's most noble and worthy "sons, and in 
 his fall the battalion has sustained a most serious loss." Upon 
 his death the command devolved upon Captain, now Major, 
 James D. Frederick. 
 
 On the 22d ami 23d of June, near Petersburg, the battalion 
 suffered severely in battle, losing eighty-one men in killed and 
 wounded^ out of two hundred engaged. Upon the battle field of 
 the 22d, the battalion was highly complimented by General 
 Wright fsr its dashing gallantry. 
 
 The battalion was not engaged, with all the balance of Wright's Brigade 
 (except the Second Georgia Battalion,) in the terrific battle of the 30th of July, 
 it being on picket duty, three quarters of a mile in adrance of the line of 
 entrenchments, and probably about two miles from the scene of the explosion of 
 Grant's mine, and the magnificent charge of Wright's Brigade. • 
 
 That this little battalion deserves a great deal of credit, there can be no 
 doubt, M its list of killed and wounded sufficiently attests) and it will be a mat- 
 ter of wonder to maRy of the readers of this work, that they ever managed to 
 stand and be cut down as they were. The men were unused to fire, having 
 been performing garrison duty almost from the time of its organization until the 
 battle of the 14th of May. and could not be expected to bear themselves through 
 the fight like the old veterans of Lee's army ; but they did stand, did fight and 
 proved the efficiency of the noble material of which it fs composed. They have 
 reflected great credit upon their noble commander, who so "bravely fighting 
 fell" on the 2d of .lune. 
 
 The present commander. Major Frederick, is a young man of great promise, 
 who will, witli his noble battalion, yet win a fame iu hia country's sfrvice. 
 
SIXTY-FOURTH REGIMKNT 
 
 GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 The officers ' from whom I have collected the following material, are utterly 
 unable to furnish me with the statistical matter I so much desire to head the 
 history of each regiment with. The lamented Colonel Evans had promised me 
 the very day before he met his fate, that he could and would furnish me with 
 all statistical facts connected with his command ; but I am of opinion that after 
 his demise his papers were in great confusion, and the statistics were lost or 
 mislaid. 
 
 Early in the spring of 1863, ColonelJohn W. Evan§, of Bain- 
 bridge, Decatur County, received a commission from the Secre- 
 tary of War to raise a regiment, to serve in Brigadier General 
 Howell Cobb's command. Under that authority Colonel Evans 
 proceeded to raise the different companies to compose said regi- 
 ment, and on the 25th of May, consummated the organization at 
 Quinpy, Florida. 
 
 The regiment numbered forty-six officers and eight hundred 
 and six privates, at the time it was mustered into service ; em- 
 bracing that class of troops comprehended in the third call of 
 the President, viz: between the ages of eighteen and forty-five. 
 Colonel Evans associated with himself Lieutenant Colonel James 
 Barrow, and Major Walter H. Weems, as the field officers to com- 
 mand in said regiment. 
 
 A short time subsequent to its organization, the regiment was 
 moved from Quincy, to Camp Leon, Florida, situated upon an 
 open pine barren, six miles south of Tallahassee, for the purpose 
 of defending the Gulf coast from Yankee raids. This service 
 was in great part performed by detached companies as pickets, 
 placed immediately along the coast. A point still farther south 
 was found to be more eligible for the locat^n of a camp, and 
 . about the first of September the regiment was again moved to 
 the place now knoM^n as Camp Randolph, fifteen miles south of 
 Tallahassee, and six miles from St. Marks. At this camp there 
 was great care displayed, upon the part of our commanding 
 officers, in its general construction and military an-angement. 
 
SIXTY-rorBTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 101 
 
 Comfortable houses were built for the officers and nieu, wells 
 were ducf, and every convenience necessary for tl>e comfort of 
 the troops was attended to with scrupulous exactness. It may 
 be doubted if there is a more complete regimental camp in the 
 Confederate States, than was camp Randolph when the Sixty- 
 fourth Georgia was ordered away. It was at this camp that the 
 regiment attained its maximum strength, to-wit: forty-two offi- 
 cers and eight hundred and twenty-nine privates. During the 
 stay of tlie regiment at camp Kandolj)!), the loss of the regiment 
 by deaths, discharges and desertion, did not exceed one percent, 
 per month. On the 4th of January, 1864, the Sixty-fourth 
 received orders to proceed to Savannah, Georgia, via Tallahassee, 
 Monticello and Atlanticand Gulf railroad. On the 12th of January 
 the regiment arrived and reported to Brigadier General Mercer, in 
 Savannah, and was assigned to the command of General Colston, 
 and went into camps under the guns of Fort Bartow, three miles 
 from the city. 
 
 No incident transpired while at this camp worthy of record, 
 unless it was the bloodless repulse of the enemy from White- 
 marsh Island, who were at that time making some demonstra- 
 tions along the coast of Georgia. From this camp the regiment 
 proceeded by railroad to Quitman, upon the Atlantic and Gulf 
 railroad ; thence to Lake City, Florida. 
 
 When at this point information Avas obtained that the enemy 
 were advancing from the direction of Jacksonville in large force, 
 and the regiment was ordered to advance as far forward as 
 Olnstee station, on the Florida Central railroad. Here the 
 command arrived on the evening of the 13th of February, with 
 an efficient force, rank and file, of four hundred and eighty-six 
 men. The first duty devolving u)>on this regiment, was to throw 
 up breastworks, and prepare to the best of our ability to meet 
 the heavy columns of the rapidly advancing foe. Other troops 
 ontinued to arrive (among them the gallant brigade of Geor- 
 gians, composed of the Sixth, Nineteenth, Twenty-third, Twenty- 
 seventh and Twenty-eighth regiments, and commanded by Gen* 
 eral A. H. Colquitt,) for several days. All of whom, excepting 
 Colquitt's Brigade, were pl.aced under command of f " ' ' John 
 W. Evans, with the very «'ffi(i<'nt Adjutant of tin :, (J. 
 
 A. Byrd) as Acting Adjutant General. On the morning of the 
 20th, the enemy had approached within eight miles of our en- 
 trenchments, when General Finnegan, who had now assumed 
 
102 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 command, ordered Colonel Evans to advance with the Sixty- 
 fourth Georgia Regiment two miles to the front, and skirmish 
 the enemy up to our main line. The order was promptly obeyed, 
 and the regiment advanced with three hundred and thirty men, 
 the balance being either sick or on detached duty. The line of 
 battle had not been well formed, before our retiring cavalry gave 
 indication of the near approach of the enemy. 
 
 Colonel Evans, Lieutenant Colonel Barrow, and Major Weems 
 acted with the utmost coolness and bravery, each one exercising 
 his influence upon and imparting courage to the troops, who had 
 never been engaged before. Soon the shock fell, with frightful 
 reality, upon the inexperienced ranks of the Sixty-fourth Georgia, 
 and for a moment it required every effort on the part of the 
 officers to keep their men in line. Indeed it was a fearful posi- 
 tion to occupy, in the vei-y face of fifteen thousand men who 
 were pouring grape, canister and minnie balls into our lines 
 like a tornado of hailstones. Our skirmishers in front were fall- 
 ing like leaves in autumn. After the first shock had subsided, 
 and a few shots exchanged, the regiment was ordered to 
 charge — because there was no order attended with less dan- 
 ger, which could have been given — and at the word, the regi- 
 ment* moved forward with a steadiness of purpose to conquer 
 or die ; and most gallantly for five hours was that resolution dis- 
 played upon that memorable battlefield.* Early in the action 
 the noble and deeply to be lamented Lieutenant Colonel Barrow 
 fell mortally wounded, with a ball through his generous heart. 
 About the same time Major Weems received a severe wound in 
 the leg, and was borne off the field. 
 
 Colonel Evans was left alone with his gallant Adjutant Byrd, 
 to manoeuvre the i-egiment and inspire them with their own en- 
 ergy and hope. But it was not long before the Colonel received 
 a wound which disabled him, and he too was borne off the field. 
 The casualties in the regiment in this fight, were one hundred 
 and ten in killed and wounded, or exactly one-third of the num- 
 ber carried into action. Many instances of individual courage 
 occurred upon this field, but it is impossible to attempt to par- 
 ticularize, as there was scarcely a man on the field who did not 
 
 *My informant must either have been mistaken regarding this affair, or 
 omitted to mention the advance of the other troops, comprising the army of 
 General Finnegan, as it was altogether improbable that the Sixty-fourth could 
 have held the Yankee army at bay. 
 
SIXTY-FOUETH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 108 
 
 bear himself as a hero. Captain C. S. Jenkins, assisted by the 
 other cai>tains and lieutenants, conducted the rejriment through 
 the most fearful periods of the fight, which of necessity became 
 more desperate the nearer we approached the enemy's batteries, 
 and as the}' were successively charged. Our trophies- were 
 numerous, but cannot be enumerated owing to want of space. 
 
 After caring for the wounded and burying the dead, the regi- 
 ment was ordered forward in pursuit of the retreating enemy. 
 This movement was performed as far as Camp Milton, ten miles 
 in front of Jacksonville, the headquarters of the Yankee army 
 iu Florida. At this camp the regiment was stationed until about 
 the 24th of April, throwing up breastworks, &o. The regiment 
 numbered at this time thirty-eight officers and six hundred and 
 forty privates, of these there were only two hundred and ninety- 
 seven reported for duty. On the 24th of April the regiment 
 received orders to proceed to South Florida, under command of 
 Captain C. S. Jenkins, who had been in command since the loss 
 of the field officers at Ocean Pond. 
 
 The regiment moved by railroad as far as Gainesville, Florida, 
 in obedience to orders. Upon arriving at that point, Captain 
 Jenkins ordered forward two companies as far as Clay Landing, 
 to protect property, and defend that section against Yankee 
 aggressions. These two companies, commanded, by Captains 
 Brown and Thomas, while on duty there, engaged the enemy 
 and succeeded in repulsing them with some loss to the latter. 
 
 At this time Captain Jenkins received orders to report for duty 
 at liichinond, V^irginia, with the Sixty-fourth Georgia. In per- 
 forming this journey, the regiment had to march from Madison 
 to Quitm.an, Georgia, a distance of twenty-four niiles, and which 
 was the only marching between our point of departure and des- 
 tination, (Petersburg, Virginia.) 
 
 On the 14th of May the regiment arrived at Petersburg, and 
 was immediately j)lHced by General Beauregard in the rifle pits 
 along Swift Creek, whifh constituted a part of the defenses of 
 the city of PetersbursT- During this time the Sixty-fourth Geor- 
 gia was in General Wise's Brieade, but the regiment was soon 
 transferred ■ "^ • il John- 
 
 son's old '1 _ , • ntre of 
 
 the line of entrenchments, by order of General Beauregard. At 
 this time the regiment was divided, four companies being retained 
 for detached service on tihe north side of the river, and conse- 
 
104 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 quently but six companies participated in the battles of the 16th 
 and 17th of June. 
 
 On^ the evening of the 16th of June, two brigades of the 
 enemy charged the line occupied by the six companies of the 
 Sixty-fourth Georgia, then under command of Captain Pritchett. 
 It required all the nerve and energy of both officers and men to 
 resist the impetuous assaults made upon our lines by the infuri- 
 ated Yankees. Here again was displayed great courage and in- 
 domitable resolution, and every soldier steeled himself with an 
 armor of invulnerable determination, which was soon to cause 
 the foe to bite the sacred dust upon which his polluted feet had 
 dared to make an impress. Well indeed was the task performed ; 
 as the enemy would advance and recede from our lines, like the 
 ocean wave when maddened into fury by the howling blast, un- 
 der the galling fire poured into them from the gallant Sixty- 
 fourth, they went down by scores upon the gory field, rolling 
 in their accursed life current which deeply dyed the soil of the 
 Old Dominion, as it gushed from the wounds made by the leaden 
 messengers of death, sped from the muzzles of the well directed 
 muskets of the Sixty-fourth. The ordeal was too severe for 
 their endurance, and the drama closed by the surrender of more 
 than four hundred of the vandals, who found that it would be 
 death to retreat. Captain Pritchett had the honor of command- 
 ing the regiment during this engagement, and is entitled to a due 
 share of the credit which may attach to the^capture. 
 
 Especial mention may be made of Captain Craven, Lieutenant 
 T. J. Bartlett and Lieutenant A. M. Mound, as having particu- 
 larly distinguished themselves in this engagement. Their 
 remains now repose in honorable graves beneath the gory soil of 
 the Old Dominion, upon whose bi-east, and for whose protection 
 against the fierce foes of Southern independence, they poured out 
 their hearts' best blood as a libation to her glory. On the 17th 
 the attack of the enemy was renewed upon our left with in- 
 creased vigor, and so terrible were their assaults upon that part 
 of our lines, that the brigade occupying that portion of tha lines' 
 were forced to abandon their position in the trenches, thereby^' 
 leaving the Sixty-fourth uncovered, and exposed to a most severe ' 
 and destructive enfilading fire, which laid many of our brave 
 boys low. This position of affairs, of course, i-endered that part 
 of the line occupied by the Sixty-fourth untenable, and that 
 regiment, for the first time, was compelled to retire beyond the 
 
SIXTY-FOUBTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 106 
 
 range of the enemy's guns. In this action Adjutant Byrd again 
 exerted his utmost energies in rallying the troops and leading 
 them into the abandoned trenches. 
 
 In the two engagements the loss of the Sixty-fourth in killed, 
 wounded and missing, amounted to forty-five men. 
 
 On the 30th of July the sun rose upon another day which was 
 to witness a deadly conflict, a desperate battle, and a glorious, 
 decisive victory for the Confederacy. 
 
 The regiment at this time had combined all its companies, and 
 numbered six hundred and thirty men rank and file; its efficient 
 strength was three hundred and eighty-eight men, and with that 
 number it entered into the desperate strife, which took place 
 after the explosion of Grant's mine in our works. Immediately 
 upon the explosion, and before the smoke had cleared away, the 
 Yankees and negroes rushed into our lines by thousands, and it 
 became apparent that the only manner of dislodging them was 
 by charging. 
 
 Wright's Brigade, of which the Sixty-fourth Georgia consti- 
 tuted a part, was drawn up in battle array, and received orders 
 to charge. The order was promptly obe)'^ed, and the Sixty- 
 fourth, still under command of Captain Pritehett, acted its part 
 in that deadly conflict with great gallantry, and a considerable 
 degree of desperation, but the emergency demanded the most 
 desperate remedies, and most faithfully did the Sixty-fmirth ad- 
 minister them. The conflict was close and deadly ; a hand to 
 hand fight ensued and the hundreds of dead, and the thousands 
 of the wounded hessians, attest the severity of the battle. But 
 alas for ]>oor humanity ! There is no picture, however beautiful, 
 but what has some spot to mar its symmetry, and in a degree 
 detracts from its beauty. There is no joy on earth, of any dura- 
 tion, unalloyed with grief, .and it seems that the very ground 
 upon which the altar of liberty is to be erected, must fir.^t be 
 sprinkled with the heart's blood of its devotees, or there can be 
 no permanence to its suporstructnre. The fiicttire of the thou- 
 sands of dead and dying Yankees, the joy of our brave Georgia 
 boyg, made known to the world by their bugle shout of victory, 
 had its reverse. The same earth that drank the life blood of our 
 enemies, was also crimsoned with the same current, emanating 
 from the noble hearts of many of the sons of our mother Geor- 
 gia. With an unflinching determination to whip the fight, they 
 rushed upon the guna of the enemy, and many of them 
 N " Fiercely flgbting fell." 
 
lb6 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 Among the killed was Colonel Evans, who was not in com- 
 mand (not having resumed it, as he was one or two days behind 
 his time in returning from home on furlough, and the rules of 
 service require that no officer shall take his command until so 
 permitted by General Lee,) being merely a volunteer. Seeing 
 the line stagger under the withering fire poured into our ranks, 
 he sprang upon the breastworks, and waving his hat over his 
 head shouted, in tones which rang distinctly over the tumult of 
 battle : " Remember, boys, you are Georgians," and at that mo- 
 ment received the shot through his generous, noble heart, which 
 almost instantly terminated the mortal existence of as gallant 
 and amiable a man as ever lived or died. The Sixty-fourth in 
 this action lost heavily. Nine (9) officers were killed dead on 
 the field, and twenty-five (25) privates and non commissioned 
 officers, and fifty-four (54) were wounded, a large number 
 mortally.* 
 
 This was the last action in which the Sixty-fourth Georgia 
 participated, up to the time the above report was made out, 
 (about the 10th of Augu«t.) 
 
 Major Weems will no doubt receive the appointment of colonel 
 of the regiment, sii!ce the deaths of Colonel Evans and Lieuten- 
 ant Colonel Barrow. 
 
 I am requested to publish, in connection with the above, a short article 
 laudatory of the Assistant Quartermaster of the Sixty-fourth, but must decline 
 to do so, as it would be decidedly unjust, in a work on and dedicated to the 
 "Heroes and Martyrs of Georgia," to publish an article complimentary to one, 
 (who is no doubt deserving all the encomiums which could be bestowed upon 
 him, but who occupies a situation remote from danger,) in preference to those 
 who are the " Heroes and Martyrs," but whose names I could not obtain, ow- 
 ing to the fact that all of the men acted as heroes, and to make distinctions would 
 be insidious. 
 
 *The weather being intensely hot, and nearly every man being severely 
 wounded, they died by scores. I am of opinion that seven-tenths of the wounded 
 died. 
 
PHILLIPS' LEGION 
 
 GEORGIA VOLUNTEEES. 
 
 (CAVALRY.) 
 
 The substance of tlie material composing the following pagea was written 
 upon the 29th of April of this year, but owing to the inefficiency of the Post 
 Office Department, has just reached me (September 6th). I have tried several 
 times, both by letter and personally, to communicate with the Legion, (cavalry) 
 but have failed in every instance. I am satisfied that as many incidents of real 
 importance have occurred in this command, since the 29th of April, as had 
 occurred previously, and if it is possible I will obtain these incidents and give 
 them a place in the second volume of this work. 
 
 Phillips' Legion, as originally organized by the Governor of 
 Georgia, was composed of infantry and cavalry, and was com- 
 manded by Colonel William Phillips, of Cobb County. Seaborn 
 Jones, jr., of Polk County, was Lieutenant Colonel ; John B. 
 Wilcoxson, of Coweta County, Major ; and James H. Lawrence, 
 of Floyd County, Adjutant. The Legion was mustered into 
 service on the 11th day of June, 1861, and consisted often com- 
 panies. The Legion was prepared for active service ia the field 
 by drill and strict discipline, at Camp McDonald, in Cobb 
 County, Georgia. PVom this place it was ordered to Lynchburg, 
 Virginia. From Lynchburg it went to North Western Virginia, 
 and served under Gpneral John B. Floyd, ii one of the most 
 severe campaigns of the war. 
 
 The winterof 1861, for its unusual severity, and the many and 
 severe hardships to which this command was necessarily ex- 
 posed, the campaign of Cotton Hill and 8ewcll Mountain will 
 never fade from the memories of those who had the ill fortune to 
 participate in their severities. The Legion being very much re- 
 duced was ordered to the coast of South Carolina, to which 
 place it went in January, 1862. While here it composed 
 a portion of the brigade of Brigadier General T. F. Drayton. 
 During the stay of the Legion upon the coast of South Carolina, 
 no incident worthy of record occurred, except the change in 
 field officers. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Seaborn Jones, jr., and Major John B. 
 
108 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 Wilcoxson resigned. Captain William W. Rich, of Cass County, 
 was in July, 1862, promoted to the position of Lieutenant Colo- 
 nel, and assigned to the command of the cavalry companies of the 
 Legion, who having received an accession to their strength of two 
 companies, which augmented their number to six companies, "were 
 entitled to a Lieutenant Colonel and Major. Captain William B. 
 C. Puckett, of Cherokee County, was in September, 1862, pro- 
 moted Major. In July, 1862, the brigade of General Dray- 
 ton received orders to proceed to Virginia and report t'o General 
 Robert E. Lee for duty. 
 
 From that time until the present, the infantry and cavalry 
 kave been separated, and a subsequent order from the Secretary 
 of Wai', created them separate and distinct organizations, so far 
 as each other are concerned.* The Battalion under the com- 
 mand of Major Puckett, arrived at Shepherdstown in time to 
 witness and participate in, to a limited degree, the world re- 
 nowned battle of Sharpsburg. About the 20th day of Septem- 
 ber, 1862, the Battalion, still under command of Major Puckett, 
 in compliance with orders, reported to Brigadier General Wade 
 Hampton for duty, with whose command they have ever since 
 served. 
 
 During the winters of 1862 and '63, the Battalion performed 
 a great deal of hard duty, such as picketing, scouting and making 
 raids. During those seasons the Battalion participated in a great 
 many skirmishes, took many prisoners, weapons of war of all 
 kinds, many head of horses, and in fact plundered the Yankees 
 pretty generally. Passing over all the time intervening between 
 the Avinter of 1862 and '63, the history of the Battalion is 
 brought down to the month of June, 1863. 
 
 While the brigade was doing picket duty on the Rappahan- 
 nock, and encamped in the vicinity of Culpepper Court House, 
 Colonel Rich received orders from General Stewart to proceed 
 at once to the vicinity of Fredericksburg and relieve the Fourth 
 "Virginia, then on duty there ; which, upon their departure, left 
 this Battalion the only cavalry in that neighborhood. At this 
 time both the Yankee and Confederate armies were moving to 
 Northern Virginia, and finally crossed the Potomac into Penn- 
 sylvanta. This Battalion Avas left at Fredericksburg. Soon 
 after the Battalion was ordered to rejoin Hampton's Brigade, 
 which was in Loudon County, near Rectors Cross Roads. On 
 
 •From thi« point only the Cavalry Battalion will be mentioned. 
 
PHILLlPaJ LEGION— CAVALRY. 109 
 
 the morning of the 21st of Jane, 1863, the command left War- 
 renton Springs, Fawquicr County, passed througli the village of 
 Warrcnton and were wending their way quietly along, until they 
 arrived at a little place known as New Baltimore, where we 
 "were suddenly brought into pretty close contact with a squadron 
 of the Eighth Pennsylvania cavalry. Colonel Rich ordered the 
 second and third companies of the Legion Battalion to halt, and 
 the first to charge, leading the column himself. The Yankees 
 soon found that a desperate charge of a Georgia squadron was 
 no trifling matter, and decided that the "signs of the times" were 
 getting pretty warm, and all but one turned and fled for dear 
 life. The Georgia troopers followed them about five mile3 at 
 full speed, and succeeded in capturing twenty-three horses with- 
 out losing a man. But one man in the Battalion was hurt, and 
 that was Adjutant Woffiurd, who was struck on the breast with 
 a pistol by the only Yankee that dared to face the coIumD. He 
 was a brave fellow, for after emptying his last round without 
 effect, and receiving a severe cut on the head from the Ac^utant's 
 sabre, he used his pistol as a missile as the only remaining avail- 
 jfble weapon of defense. This was considered quite a brilliant 
 little affair, and Lieutenant Colonel Rich was highly compli- 
 mented by Brigadier General Hampton for his success. Upon 
 rejoining the brigade each regiment gave three hearty, rousing 
 cheers for the Phillips' Legion. 
 
 The Battalion participated in all thefightsin which Hampton's 
 Brigade was engaged in Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, 
 from that time until the present. The Battalion lost two officers 
 killed during the campaign: Lieutenant E. M. Story, of Coweta, 
 on the fltli of July, near Funkstown, Maryland, and Captain 
 John F. MilhoUin, of Cass, on the 8th of November, 1863, than 
 whom no braver m«_'n have ever fallen in defense of their coun- 
 try's rights. About one hundred men were killed wounded and 
 taken prisoners during this campaign. The present strength of 
 the Battalion is six hundred and forty-foiir men. The following 
 is a list of the field officers, also company commanders, ett. : 
 
 W. W. Rich, TAeuUnant ColonA. 
 W. B. C. riifi-pft. Majnr. 
 William E. Jones, Chaplain. 
 Calhonn Sam", Swrperm. 
 John W. Wf.fTorrl, JdJtUant. 
 Captain* ;— Jamcn H. Nirhols, Thomftf 0. Wilkes. Eli C. Hardin, R. L. Y. 
 Long, A. F. Hnater and W. W. Thoman. 
 
ELEVENTH BATTALION 
 
 GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 (CUTTS' ARTILLERY.) 
 
 STATISTICAL RECORD TO APRIL 24TH, 1864. 
 
 No. of men killed in action, 28 
 
 " " " died of wounds and sickness, .... 104 
 
 .Total loss by death, . ... 132 
 
 Discharged, . 76 
 
 Deserted, . . 6 
 
 Transferred, . 43 
 
 Missing and not heard from, 8 
 
 Total real loss, 265 • 
 
 Woimded in action, 154 
 
 Real and temporary loss, . . . 419 
 
 Original strength company A, 180 
 
 Recruits* -376 
 
 Total strength, 556 
 
 Company A, upon which the Battalion known (and widely 
 known,) as the Cutts' 'Battalion, was^'organized and formed in 
 Sumter County, Georgia, by Captain A. S. Cutts, who, with his 
 command left Araericus, Georgia, on the 6th day of July, 1861, 
 for Richmond, Virginia. This company was mustered into the 
 service of the Confederate States on the 15th of July, and or- 
 dered to report to Manassas on the 24th of the same month. In 
 the August following the company was equipped with six guns. 
 The original number of men enlisted was one hundred and fifty, 
 but in the fall of 1861 was increased to one hundred and eighty 
 men, and two more guns were added, making an eight gun bat- 
 tery of seven 6-pounders, and one 12-pound, howitzer. 
 
 On the 20th of December the company was ordered to report 
 
 • *I presume from thQ large number of recruits that my informant, Sergeant 
 Major J, D. Harris, alludes to the companies which were added to company 
 A, and which formed the battalion. 
 
ELEVENTH BATTALION — CUTTS' ARTILLERY. Ill 
 
 to General Stuart "uith four guus, and it met the enemy at 
 Dranesville in overwhelming force. We took position in a nar- 
 row country road walled in by a dense pine grove. The road 
 was so narrow and the forest so thick, that there was no room 
 to work but three guns. The enemy opened upon our little bat- 
 tery with 12-pounders from three different points at once, which 
 could barely be discerned by the smoke from their pieces through 
 the pines. The sharpshooters of the enemy poured a continuous 
 and galling fire into thi^ battery. 
 
 In one hour we suffered a loss of one caisson blown up, 
 another demolished, a limber shot down, twenty horses killed, 
 six men killed and fifteen wounded, out of forty cannoniers 
 and drivers at the guns. In this fearful encounter. Captain 
 Cutis rendered himself particularly conspicuous for desperate 
 energy and cool, self-possessed, calculating courage. Lieuten- 
 ant L. E. Sprivey (acting number five,) Privates Doolittle, 
 Green and Lingo, and Sergeants Randall and Fletcher deserve 
 special mention for their gallant conduct. Private J. L. Price 
 at this place displayed that coolness and intrepidity which has 
 marked his conduct ever since upon every battle field in which 
 his company has been engaged ; his name deserves to figure in 
 the list of Georgia's heroes. Many others of the command be- 
 haved very handsomely. 
 
 In the spring of 1862, Captain Cutts was authorized to aug- 
 ment hia command from a company to a battahon. Three more 
 companies were recruited by him in Sumter County, Georgia, 
 and Company A, of the Ninth Regiment of Georgia volunteers, 
 having been detached from that regiment as an artillery company, 
 was assigned to this battalion, thus making five companies in all. 
 On account of much sickness and many deaths and discharges, 
 one of the three new companies was disorganized and amalga- 
 mated into the remaining two new companies, thus reducing the 
 Battalion to four companies. Captain Cutts was elected Major 
 and soon afterwards promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. 
 The battles in which we have participated are as follows: 
 
 Company A, at Drainesville in December, 1861 ; Company B, 
 at Fredericksburg on the 2d day of May, 1863; Company C, at 
 Richmond July, 18G2, Warrenton Springs November, 1862, 
 Washington, North Carolina, Ajtril, 186.'i, and Suffolk during 
 the same month. 
 
 The whole Battalion wa~ > ,'.i .,'t'd in tin- night attack on 
 
112 HEROES AND MARTYKS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 McClellan's fleet and camp, on James river in July, 1862 5 
 also at Boonsboro, Sharpsburg and Fredericksburg, 1862, and at 
 Gettysburg, 1863. After the battle of Sharpsburg one of the 
 companies were broken up and the men distributed among the 
 present three companies composing the Battalion ; Company A, 
 (original company) and B, from the county of Sumter, and Com- 
 pany C, from Wilkes County, Georgia. The present field officers 
 are Lieutenant Colonel Cutts and Major John Lane. Colonel 
 Cutts served for three years in the regular array of the United 
 States, and two years in Mexico, during the war with that coun- 
 try in Steptoe's famous battery. From the experience thus ac- 
 quired as well as from great natural fitness for command, he is a 
 most excellent officer, and esteemed one of the best for artillery 
 in the service. Promotion in this branch of service is of low 
 grade and comes slowly, especially to any but Virginians, and 
 our commander's rank does not fairly indicate either his merits 
 or past services. As pertinent to this idea, Cutts' Battalion and 
 the Jeff. Davis Battery (another Georgia company) were all the 
 artillery at the battle of Boonsboro on the Confederate side, and 
 without support, kept back heavy masses of Yankee infantry du- 
 ring the entire day. In the official report .of General D. H. 
 Hill, the commanding General, they are not even mentioned. 
 
 Major John Lane is a son of General Joseph Lane, of Oregon, 
 and a good officer. He is an under graduate of West Point, and 
 warmly devoted to the cause of Southern Independence. 
 
 The small losses which this Battalion has sustained in battle, 
 are mainly owing to the judicious manner in which the batteries 
 have been posted by the field officers, and the skill and address 
 with which the guns have been worked. All the batteries in 
 this battalion are six gun batteries. 
 
 BATTALION RECORDS 
 
 FROM JA2ffUl.KY 1 ST, 1864, TO AUGUST, 1864. 
 
 On the 27th of February, Lieutenant Colonel Cutts was pro- 
 moted to the rank of Colonel, and was, on the 5th of June, as- 
 signed to the command of a division of artillery, composed of • 
 his own and Lieutenant Colonel Richardson's Battalions. Major 
 John Lane was assigned to the command of Cutts' Battalion. On 
 the 4th of May, this battalion, then temporarily attached to An- 
 derson's Division, guarding the fords of the upper Rapidan, left 
 winter quarters and proceeded to the Wilderness. In the bat- 
 
ELEVENTH BATTALION — CUTTS' ARTILLERY. 113 
 
 ties wliich took place during the next two days at this point, the 
 ground being impracticable for artillery, only a fow gnns were 
 put into position, which few however, did fffecLual service in 
 aiding to drive back some heavy columns of the enemy. 
 
 Arriving at Spottsylvania Court House on the 9th of May, 
 the Battalion took position on the main road leading through 
 this place to Richmond, and proceeded to fortify the point. 8oon 
 afterwards a column of the enemy approaching, a brisk fire was 
 opened upon their ranks, when they retired with speed. For 
 several days nothing transpired save a few artillery duels be- 
 tween the opposing guns, as no assault was made upon this- por- 
 tion of thf line. 
 
 Arriving at Hanover Junction oh the 23d of May, the Battalion 
 went into position on the south bank of the Norl^ Anna river, 
 between two fords on this stream, to resist the crossing of the 
 enemy, and were almost immediately engaged in repelling his 
 advance upon the infantry guanl at the lower bridge. His guard 
 being driven back, the enemy next day commenced crossing in 
 lieavy force, under a vigorous and almost incessant fire from the 
 guns, this B.attalion, nnder command of jNIajor Lane, Colonel 
 Cutts being informally in charge of two battalions. So accurate 
 and damaging was this fire that the Federal commanders resorted 
 to the expedient of crossing only a few of their troops at a time, 
 and these in straggling squads, while a long line ^of their artillery 
 attempted to silence our guns. Several of the cannoniers were 
 seriously wounded, some by the bursting of a 20-ponnder parrot; 
 but their comrades remained unshaken at their popts, although 
 tiie enemy used mortars for the first time in the field, since the 
 comraenceinent of the war, in addition to a heavy direct fire. 
 Nearly the wholfc artillery fighting in General Lc^'s army, while 
 on these lines fell to the lot of Lane*8 Battalion. 
 
 General Grant continuing to move by the left flank the liat- 
 
 talion was ordered to Creek, where after some firing, 
 
 and a few days on the lines, it took up the line of march for Cold 
 Harbor, and there went into position on Turkey Ridge'on .3d of 
 June. After several 4ays of more or less artillery dueling, it 
 moved to the Chesterfield Sleights on the north bank of the Ap- 
 pomattox, near Petersburg, and proceeded to fortify the position 
 known as the Archer House. An enfilading fire was here ob- 
 tained upon the enemy's line to the south, and fifteen guns, 
 mostly rifles, from the battalionB of the Third Corps were con- 
 O 
 
114 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 centrated at this point under command of Major Lane, to check 
 the enemy's fire from batteries one and five upon Petersburg, 
 and two 30-pounder parrots added to his own battalion. To 
 oppose this aiTay of strength, the enemy brought into command- 
 ing positions on the opposite side of the river twenty odd guns, 
 mostly 20 and 30-pound parrots, three eight inch mortars, and 
 one thirteen inch. For five weeks Major Lane with inferior 
 guns, and far inferior ammunition, fought the enemy more or 
 less every day or night, with unyielding tenacity. Guns were 
 disabled, works knocked down, many of the best and bravest men 
 and oflacers killed and wounded ; but new guns were mounted, 
 the works rebuilt, and as often aS the enemy's guns on that front 
 sent a shot into the city, the iron watchdogs on Archer's Hill 
 belched forth their thunders in its defense, forcing the vandals 
 to turn from the shelling of women and children to defend him- 
 self. The Petersburg Press was loud in its praise of "our strong 
 batteries on the Chesterfield side." Finally after in vain at- 
 tempting to silence our guns, a sort of tacit truce prevailed. 
 Whenever the enemy attempted to shell the town, a few shots 
 from the Archer's House would produce perfect silence; the 
 enemy ceasing their fire to prevent our guns from enfilading their 
 infantry line. Under this arrangement the Federal batteries on 
 our front became comparatively useless and were moved further 
 to their left. Subsequently Major Lane with all the guns of his 
 Battalion, except the two 30-pounders were ordered to the more 
 immediate Petersburg front, and now holds position on the Je- 
 rusalem Plank road and other points to the westward. 
 
THOMAS' BRIGADE 
 
 GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 This Brigade wa8 formed about the 15th of June, 1862^ and 
 was composed of the following named regiments : — » 
 
 Fourteenth Georfpa Regiment, Colonel Felix M. Price. 
 Thirty-fifth Georgia Regiment, Colonel Edward L. Thomas. 
 Forty -fifth Georgia Regiment, Colonel Thomas Hardeman, Jr. 
 Forty-ninth Georgia Regiment, Colonel A. J. Lane. 
 
 It was assigned to the Division of Major General A. P. Hill. 
 The first commander of the brigade was Brigadier Genera? 
 Joseph li. Anderson of Virginia. Under the command of 
 General Anderson, the brigade participated in the battles of 
 MechanicRville, fought June 26th ; Gaines' Mill, June 27th ; and 
 Fraser's Farm, June 30th, 1862. Its effective strength when it 
 crossed the Chickahominy on the afternoon of June 26th, was 
 about seventeen hundred and fifty men. In the series of bloody 
 battles which delivered the Southern capital from siege, this 
 brigade lost five hundred and sixty-three men in killed and 
 wounded. * 
 
 About the 20th of July Brigadier General Anderson resigned, 
 and the command of the brigade devolved upon Colonel Edward 
 L. Thomas, who had commanded tho Thirty-fifth Georgia Regi- 
 ment with great success and gallantry in the aViove mentioned 
 battles, and also the battle of Seven Pines. General A. P. Hill's 
 Division being assigned to the command of General T. J. Jackson 
 on July 31 st, 1862, this brigade left the camp it had occupied 
 since the battles around Richmond, and went to Gordonsville, 
 where General Jackson's forces had collected. The brigade 
 remained at Gordonsville tmtil the 7th of Augtist, when it moved 
 with the rest of General Jackson's forces, by way of Orange 
 Court House. On tho 0th day of August, after a long and very 
 hot march. General Jackson's command encountered the enemy 
 under Major General Pope, near Cedar Run in Culprppor, where 
 he utterly defeated them, driving ibem several miles from tho 
 
116 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 field of battle. Thomas' Brigade behaved with distinguishing 
 gallantry in this battle, checking the advance of the enemy on 
 the extreme right of General Jackson's command, and holding 
 them in check for some time, until after a long, obstinate and 
 bloody fight, the order was given by General Jackson for a 
 general charge, when the brigade advanced with the utmost 
 bravery and enthusiasm, driving the enemy in utter rout before 
 them. The loss of the brigade in this battle, known as the battle 
 of Cedar Run, was about one hundred and fifty men in killed 
 and wounded. Among the killed was Lieutenant Colonel S. M. 
 Manning of the Forty-ninth Georgia Regiment, one of the best 
 and bravest ofiicers in the brigade. 
 
 For some time after this battle, Thomas' Brigade, with the 
 rest of General Jackson's Corps, was encamped on Crensliaw's 
 farm in Orange County, leaving which about the 23d of August, 
 it proceeded under General Jackson on that celebrated flanking 
 march, which by its successful accomplishment, placed the corps 
 of the immortal Stonewall in the rear of Pope's Army. The 
 astonishing boldness of this movement, the remarkable success 
 and secrecy of its execution^ the daring and obstinate bravery 
 with which Jackson's Corps alone and unsupported, confronted 
 and beat off Pope's Army on the 28th and 29th of Angust, are 
 among the wonders of this war. No man except the hero who 
 commanded that corps, could have kept men firm under circum- 
 stances so extraordinary. Thomas' Brigade was in i*eserve on 
 the 28th of August. On the 29th it charged upon and routed 
 with considerable slaughter, a force of the enemy on the Manassas 
 Gap railroad, which position after having gained, the brigade 
 held during the day. After a long and bloody fight of nine 
 hours' duration, during which repeated charges of the enemy 
 were repulsed, the brigade, was driven from its position by an 
 overwhelming force of the enemy ; but uniting with Pender's 
 North Carolina Brigade, with their assistance the enemy was 
 finally driven back. 
 
 On the evening of August 29th the corps of Lieutenant 
 General Longstreet arrived. The long agony of Jackson's Corps 
 was now past, for five brave divisions had come to their assistance, 
 and with their arrival, renewed confidence was instilled into the 
 soldiers of Jackson, who, though by no means intimidated by 
 the immense odds against which they were contending, were 
 perfectly confident that with the heroes of Longstreet, they 
 
THOMAS' GEORGIA BRIGADE. 117 
 
 • 
 could hurl from their front the legions of Abolitionism. The 
 next morning the conflict was renewed and raged desperately 
 deadly. Pope's Army had been largely reinforced by the 
 remains of McClellan's Peninsula Army, On that day, August 
 30th, the classic plains of Manassas were the scene of a long and 
 boody battle, and a most disastrous defeat on the part of tho 
 enemy, terminating in their utter rout. Thomas' Brigade fought . 
 on that day, and was among the foremost in the pursuit of the 
 enemy. The brigade subsequently took part in the action near 
 Ch.intilly on the 1st day of Sejit ember, in which the enemv were 
 again defeated and again routed. 
 
 General Lee's Army invading Maryland in 1P62, Thomas' 
 Brigade, with the rest of General A. P. Hill's Division, crossed 
 the Potomac river near Leesburg on the 5th of September, and 
 reached Frederick City two days thereafter. After a few days 
 of rest the march was resumed, and recrossing the Potomac at 
 Williamsport, reached Harper's Ferry via Martinsburg, on the 
 14th of September, and assisted in the capture of that i)lace» 
 together with the entire Federal force, numbering eleven thousand 
 men. The brigade being ordered to remain at Harper's Ferry, 
 was not present at the battle of Sharpsburg; it took part, 
 however, in the subsequent affair near Shepherdstown. A force 
 of the enemy having crossed the Potomac, Major General A. P. 
 Hill turned upon them with Thomas', Gregg's and Pender's 
 Brigades of his gallant and world renowned Light Division, and 
 <lrove them in utter rout back across the river. For sorav time 
 after this the army lay quiet, near Bunker Hill in the Valley of 
 Virginia. 
 
 While here Colonel Felix M. Price having resigned, Lieutenant 
 Colonel Holiert W. Folsom w.as promote*! to the Colonelcy of 
 the Fourteenth Georgia Regiment. Colonel Thomas Hardeman 
 having resigned. Lieutenant Colonel Thomas J. Simmons was 
 promoted to the Colonelcy of the Forty-fifth (^eorgia Regiment. 
 Colonel A. J. Lane having resigned, and Lieutenant Colonel 
 S. M. Manning being killed. Major Jonathan Rivers was promoted 
 to the Colonelcy of the Forty-ninth Georgia Regiment. 
 
 Whfle in the Valley ('olonel Edward L. Thomas was promoted 
 to Brigadier General, to which position he had been recommended 
 by Major General A. P. Hill immediately after the battles 
 around Richmond, but the commission wa«< not conferred upon 
 him unlil the Ist of November, 1862, after he had repeatedly 
 
118 HEROES AND MARTYES OF GEORGIA. 
 
 <" 
 earned his wreath while commanding the brigade in several 
 bloody battles. 
 
 About the 10th of November, 1862, the brigade left the 
 Valley of Virginia, and crossing the Blue Ridge Mountains at 
 Milom Gap, marched by way of Orange Court House to Fred- 
 ericksburg. It remained encamped near that place until the 11th 
 of December, when, General Burnsides having crossed the 
 Rappahannock river with the Federal Army, the brigade took 
 position near Hamilton's Crossing. It remained quiet, being in 
 the second line, until December 13th, when the grand attack of 
 the enemy took place. The troops in its front having been 
 compelled by a strong column of the enemy to give back, 
 Thomas' Brigade Tjy a well directed and energetic charge, in 
 turn drove back and utterly routed the Federals in its front. 
 The brigade in this movement lost heavily. It remained in the 
 front line and was not again engaged until relieved. The next 
 day the Fe(}eral Army, badly beaten and demoralized, had 
 recrossed the Rappahannock, a 
 
 The winter of '62 and '63 was passed by Thomas' Brigade at 
 Camp Gregg, (so called in honor of Brigadier General Maxcy 
 Gregg of South Carolina, who was killed in the battle of 
 Fredericksburg) about eight miles below Fredericksburg. 
 
 On the 30th day of April, 1863, the enemy having again 
 crossed the river Rappahannock in front of Hamilton's Crossing, 
 this brigade left its camp and marched to that point. On the 
 1st of May it proceeded towards Chancellorsville. On the 2d 
 it moved with the rest of Jackson's Corps on that celebrated 
 flank movement, by which the corps of the immortal Stonewall, 
 making a cfetour of fourteen miles, gained the extreme right of 
 the enemy's position, and surprised and routed two corps of thera 
 with great slaughter. Night put a stop to the rout of the 
 enemy. Thomas' Brigade was placed in position during the 
 night, on the extreme left of the front line. About daylight on 
 the 3d of May, the order came to advance and attack the enemy 
 at once. Without a moment's hesitation the brigade advanced, 
 driving a line of the enemy's skirmishers before it, until having 
 advanced about two hundred and fifty yards, the enemjP were 
 found in breastworks with an abatis in front, of trees which 
 they had felled during the night. At once a charge was ordered 
 by General Thomas, aud without faltering an instant the brigade 
 with a cheer, such as only Southern boys can give, rushed forward 
 
THOMAS GEORGIA BRIGADE. 119 
 
 through a storm of balls, through the abatis and over the 
 breastworks, driving the enemy's front line, supports, reserves 
 and all, m a headlong rabble rout before them. This most gallant 
 charge cost the brigade about two hundred men and officers 
 killed and wounded ; amr/ng them Lieutenant Colonel James M. 
 Fielder of the Fourteenth Georgia, who was shot down in a 
 few yards of the eneiny's works, bravely leading on his men. 
 
 By this action and subsequent operations, the enemy having 
 been driven back across the Rappahannock, the troops returned 
 to their old camps near Fredericksburg. The glorious victory 
 of Chanoellorsville cost the Confederate Army dear. Stonewall 
 Jackson died soon after of woiuids received in that battle, — 
 leaving the country to mourn one of its purest and truest patriots, 
 and the army to regret a leader under whose brilliant guidance 
 it had so often marched to assured victory. 
 
 The Army of Northern Virginia being subsequently divided 
 into three corps, Major General A. P. Hill was promoted to the 
 rank of Lieutenant General, and Brigadier General W. D. Pender 
 to Major General, — Thomas' Brigade then being In Pender's 
 Division, A. P. Hill's Corps. About the middle of June the 
 second invasion of the enemy's territory commenced. Thomas' 
 Brigade marched by way of Culpepper Court House, Chester 
 Gap, Berryville, Shepherdstown, Virginia, and Hagerstown, 
 Maryland, into the State of Pennsylvania. The invasion ended 
 with the battle of Gettysburg, in which Thomas' Brigade did 
 not participate, except in very heavy skirmishing, and in being 
 subjected to one of the most awful artillery fires ever witnessed. 
 The loss of the brigade, however, amounted to about two hundred 
 and fifty men, killed, wounded and prisoners. 
 
 After leaving Pennsylvania the brigade returned through the 
 lower Valley, and across the Blue Ridge, to the vicinity of 
 Orange Court House, where it remained in encampment until 
 about the 9th of October, 1863, when the army again broke up 
 camp and marched against the enemy encamped aroimd Culpepper 
 Court House. Thomas' Brigade was not engaged in the affair 
 with the rear guard of the enemy at Bristow Station. 
 
 After destroying the railroad from Bull Run to the Rappahan* 
 nocli, our forces returned to their camps around Orange Court 
 House, where they remained quiet until the latter part of the 
 month of November, 1863, when the enemy under Greneral 
 Mead« having croiMd the Rapid Ann, General Lee advanced to 
 
120 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 meet him. Our line of battle was formed on the west side of 
 Mine Run, across the plank road to Fredericksburg. General 
 Meade seeing the disposition of our forces, returned across the 
 Rapid Ann without coming to an engagement. The brigade of 
 General Thomas remained in camp near Orange Court House 
 until the 15th of December, when it was ordered to Staunton, 
 Virginia, to repel a raid under General Avenll. Subsequently it 
 moved down the Valley as far as Middletown, to facilitate a 
 movement of Major General Fitzhugh Lee's Cavalry Division 
 across the North Mountain ; after which in the month of January, 
 1864, with Rosser's Cavalry Brigade, both brigades being 
 commanded by Major General J. A. Early, Thomas' Brigade 
 left camp near Harrisonburg, Virginia, and crossing the North 
 mountain, reached Moorfield, Hardy County, January 31st. The 
 brigade on the ensuing day marched towards Petersburg, where 
 the enemy had a force of three infantry regiments strongly 
 entrenched; but they evacuated the post before the arrival of 
 this brigade. 
 
 In the meantime General Rosser making a circuitous march, 
 gucceeded in surprising and capturing the enemy's supply train 
 of one hundred and five (105) wagons, which with twelve hun- 
 dred head of beef cattle, and six hundred sheep, were the fruits 
 of the expedition. 
 
 The brio-ade returned to Orange Court House about the 5th 
 of March, 1864, where it remained in quiet until the spring cam- 
 paign of 1864 commenced. 
 
 By the resignation of Colonel S. T, Player and others, C.-^p- 
 tain J. T. Jordan was promoted about this time to Colonel of 
 the Forty-ninth Georgia regiment. 
 
 During the winter of 1863 and '64, the Army of the Potomac 
 was encamped around Culpepper Court House, Virginia, under 
 the command of Major General Meade. 
 
 In the beginning of the month of May, the most arduous cam- 
 paign of the war was inaugurated by the advance of the Yankee 
 army from their winter quarters. 
 
 The Federal Government had been preparing for some months 
 for another attempt to capture Richmond. A larger army was 
 assembled than ever before, and was placed under the command 
 of Lieutenant General U. S. Grant, whose successes in the west 
 gave his government the highest hopes of his abilities to capture 
 
THOMAS' GEORGIA BRIGADE. 121 
 
 the capitol .of the Confederacy. The equipment of his array was 
 in every respect complete. 
 
 A cohmin of thirty thousand men ilnder the command of 
 Butler, the Beast, was to co-operate with General Grant, by way 
 of the James river. General Grant's inf;intry force alone was 
 computed at ninety-six thousand muskets ; which with a numer- 
 ous cavalry and artillery might well excite the hope in the hearts 
 of the Northern people, that " the rebellion would now be 
 crushed." 
 
 General Grant commenced crossing the Rapid Ann about the 
 3d of May. On the 4th General Lee left his camps around 
 Orange Court House, and marched down the plank road and 
 turnpike towards Fredericksburg, On the 5th of May he 
 attacked the Federal forces with decided success in the " Wil- 
 derness." 
 
 On the evening of the 5th Thomas' Brigade was ordered into 
 the action, with direction to proceed to the left of and form on 
 McGowan's South Carolina Brigade, then engaged in a desperate 
 fight with the enemy. While marching to execute this order, it 
 was discovered that a strong column of the enemy had passed 
 around the flank of the brigade and were in our rear. Under 
 these circumstances, which were well calculated to test the 
 courage and coolness of any troops in the most trying manner, 
 General E. L. Thomas promptly faced the brigade to the rear, 
 and attacked the enemy, repulsing them with heavy loss. This 
 position was held until all fighting ceased. During the night 
 Davis' Brigade, which had been iu rear of Thomas' during the 
 afternoon was retired, and Thomas' was left with the enemy in 
 line in its front and rear, and on its right flank, totally uncon- 
 nected with the balance of the division or any other supports. 
 These unfavorable circnrastances were reported by General 
 Thomas to Major General Wilcox commanding the division, but 
 produced no rectification of the line, and f li*' lui'^'adu was ordered 
 to remain in that position until relieved. 
 
 On the morning of the 6th, about day light, the brigade was 
 attacked, at first only in front, this attack was successfully re- 
 pulsed. While thus engaged another attack was made by the 
 enemy upon our flank and rear in heavy force, while at the same 
 time ihey were steadily closing the only avenue of escape left to 
 the brigade. This state of afl^airs rendered it necessary to with- 
 draw, which was done by the left flunk in great confusion, to- 
 
 P 
 
122 HEROES AND" MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 gether with the rest of the division. This very unfortunate 
 affair cost this brigade many vahiable officers and men, among 
 them one of its best ofii*cers, Colonel Robert W. JFolsom, of the 
 Fourteenth Georgia regiment, whose zeal, energy and true pa- 
 triotism, rendered him, though but a young man, a most distin- 
 guished soldier, and known as such throughout the army of 
 Northern Virginia. The responsibility for this useless shedding 
 of precious blood, does not rest upon any officer of Thomas' 
 Brigade. 
 
 Leaving the gory field of the Wilderness, the brigade marched 
 to Spottsylvania Court House. Here it was engaged on May 
 12th in repulsing the desperate effort of the enemy to break 
 General Lee's centre. 
 
 The battle lasted from daylight in the morning until past mid- 
 day, and was one of the bloodiest and hardest contested fields of 
 the war. The enemy were finally repulsed with a slaughter so 
 sickening that the heart heaves at the details. Thomas' Brigade 
 acted gallantly and suffered severely. It drove the enemy out 
 of and past a portion of our line, from which they had previously 
 driven a portion of our forces. The brigade then retired to the 
 recaptured portion of the line and held it. 
 
 Leaving Spottsylvania Court House about the 20th of May, 
 the brigade arrived south of the North Anna river on the 21st, 
 where for several days the army was in line of battle, but were 
 not attacked by the enemy. From this position General Lee's 
 army moved across the South Anna, constantly confronting the 
 Federal army, and warding it X)ff from Richmond, until Grant's 
 left and General Lee's right rested upon the Chickahominy river, 
 near the Grapevine bridge, and Cold Harbor. Here General 
 Grant made a desperate effort to break our lines, but was re- 
 pulsed with immense slaughter, while our loss was very small. 
 Thomas' Brigade was not actively engaged in this affair, known 
 as the battle of Cold Harbor. Failing so signally at this point, 
 General Grant moved his army across the James river and ap- 
 peared about the middle of June in front of the city of Peters- 
 burg, which city he has not as yet succeeded in capturing, hav- 
 ing been repulsed with great loss in several desperate assaults. 
 
 At Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Fraser's F'arra, Cedar Run, 
 Manassas No. 2, Chantilly, Harpers Ferry, Shepherdstown, Fred- 
 ericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, in the Wilderness, on 
 
THOMAS' GEORGIA BRIGADE. 123 
 
 the Ny, and the Appomattox, this brigade has proven its devo- 
 tion to the great principle for wliich we have taken up arms. 
 
 Many a gallant brother in arms have wc buried in Old Vir- 
 ginia's soil, many a disabled comrade has left our side, bearing on 
 this body the marks of the terrible battle field. We are now few, 
 but we are still undismayed. With an unshaken confidence in 
 God, we stand ready now as heretofore to meet the foe. 
 
 BRIGADIER GENERAL AXD STAFF, AUGUST 8TH, 1864. 
 
 Edward L. Thomas, Brigadier General. 
 
 Captain William Arnold, Aftnintant Adjufant General. 
 
 Captain W. J. Gorliam, Assistant Adjutant and Inspector General, 
 
 Lieutenant E. L. Lewis, Aid-de-Camp. 
 
 Major R. T. Taylor, Brigade Quartermaster. 
 
 Major Lewis Ginter, Brigade Commissary. 
 
 Captain J. W. Moore, Assistant Commissary. 
 
 Lieutenant S. F. Tenny, Brigade Ordnance Officer. 
 
 REGIMENTAL COMMANDERS, AUGUST 8tH, 1864. 
 
 Fonrt«enth Georgia Re^ment, Major "W. L. Goldsirith. 
 Thirt y-fiflh Georgia Rcfriment, Lieutenant Colonel W. H. McCullohs, 
 Forty -fifth Georgia Regiment, Colonel T. J. Simmons. 
 Forty-Ninth Georgia Regimant, Colonel J. T. Jordan. 
 
FORTY-NINTH REGIMENT 
 
 GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS, 
 
 STATISTICAL RECORD. 
 
 STRENGTH OF REGIMENT. 
 
 Originally enlisted and recruited, .... 
 
 1863 
 
 LOSSES IN EACH ENGAGEMENT. 
 
 Place and Date. 
 Seven Pines, May 31st, 1862, . 
 Mechanicsville, June 26th, 1862, 
 Cold Harbor, June 27th, 1862, , 
 Frazer's Farm, June 30th, 1862, 
 Malvern Hill, July 1st, 1862, . 
 Cedar Run, August 9th, 1862, . 
 Manassas, No. 2, August 29th and 80th, 1862, 
 Ox Hill, September 1st, 1862, . . 
 Harper's Ferry, September 15th, 1862, . 
 Shepherdstown, September 19th, 1862, . 
 Fredericksburg, December 13th, 1862, 
 Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1863, 
 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1st, 2d and 3d, 
 Mine Run, November 2Yth, 1863, 
 Wilderness, May 5th and 6th, 1864, . 
 Spottsylvania Court House, May 12th, 1864, 
 Jericho Ford, May 23d, 1864, . 
 Nances' Shop, June 23d, 1864, . 
 
 Total casualties, . 
 
 Number of men died of disease, 
 " " " wounds, . 
 
 Total deaths, 
 Nnmber of men discharged, . 
 " " transferred, . 
 
 " " deserted, 
 
 Total real loss. 
 Add number of men wounded, 
 
 1160 
 
 Killed. 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 11 
 
 52 
 
 4 
 
 26 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 16 
 
 89 
 
 13 
 
 51 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 47 
 
 1 
 
 41 
 
 14 
 
 58 
 
 1 
 
 
 23 
 
 68 
 
 4 
 
 18 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 124 
 
 463 
 
 289 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 431 
 
 
 194 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 636 
 
 
 463 
 
 < 
 
 1099 
 
 Total of all losses, . . 
 
 The Forty-ninth Regimentof Georgia Volunteers was organized 
 trader a call for volunteers, by Governor Joseph E. Brown, on 
 the 4th day of March, 1862, and was composed of the following 
 named companies, to which are appended the names of the 
 officers: 
 
FORTF-NINTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 126 
 
 Company A, Wilkinson County — Captain S. T. Player, Lieu- 
 tenants James B. Diiggan, J. Walker, J. R. F. Miller. Number 
 of men enlisted, one hundred and thirty-six, (136) of whom four 
 (4) were promoted ; seventeen (17) killed in action, thirty (30) 
 died of disease, thirteen (13) discharged and retired, and two (2) 
 deserted. 
 
 Compa7iy JB, Telfair County — Captain James Humphrey, 
 Lieutenants James Y. Wilcox, William Hatton, L. L. Williams. 
 Number of men enlisted one hundred and twelve, (112) of whom 
 three (3) were promoted ; twelve (12) killed in action, twenty-six 
 (26) died of disease, and six (6) discharged and retired. 
 
 Comjyany (7, Washington County — Cafitain W. W. Carter, 
 Lieutenants N. H. Clay, J. T. Jordan, M. Newman. Number of 
 men enlisted eighty-one, (81) of whom five (5) were promoted ; 
 twelve (12) killed in action, twenty-two (22) died of disease, and 
 thirteen (13) discharged or retired. 
 
 Company D, Taliaferro County — Captain William F. Holden, 
 Lieutenants E. D. Rhodes, John A. Durham, L. M. Andrews. 
 Number of men enlisted one hundred and five, (105) of whom 
 fotir(4) were promoted; twenty'(20) killed inaction, twenty-one 
 (21) died of disease, and eighteen (18) discharged and retired. 
 
 Company E^ Wilcox County — Captain J. D. Fuller, Lieu- 
 tenants D. S, McCall, P. Brown, R. D. Bowen. Number of men 
 enlisted one hundred and seventeen, (1 17) of whom four (4) were 
 promoted; eighlten (18) killed in action, forty-two (42) died of 
 disease, and fourteen (14) discharged and retired. 
 
 Company F, Irwin County — Captain O. H. Cooke, Lieuten- 
 ants R. W. Clements, R. Tucker, L. O. Young. Number of man 
 enlisted one hundred and twenty-six, (126) of whom foar (4) 
 were promoted ; six (6) killed in action, forty-two (42) died of 
 disease and twenty-eight (28) discharged or retired. 
 
 Company G^ Tynnrcns County — Captain J. T. Chappell, Lieu- 
 tenants J. A. Daniel, R. IL Duncan, C. C. Clark. Number of 
 men enlisted one hundred and thirty, (130) of whom four (4) 
 were promoted ; fourteen (14) killed in action, thirty-four (34) 
 died of disease, twenty (20) discharged and retired, and one (1) 
 deserted. The deserter was not a native of Laurens County. 
 
 Company //, Washington CourUy — Captain C. M. Jones, 
 Lieutenants A. D. Jennigan, T. W. Newsome, L. ]M. Kinraon. 
 Number of men enlisted eighty-nine, (89) of whom four (4) were 
 promoted, seven (7) killed in actioD, twenty-eight (28) died of 
 
126 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 disease, twelve (12) discharged and retired, one (1) transferred, 
 and two (2) deserted. The two deserters were assigned to this 
 company from Echols county ; they were not citizens of Wash- 
 ington county. 
 
 Company 7, Hancock County — Captain A. J. Lane, Leiuten- 
 ants J. J. Lawrence, L. L. 'Lamar, William Amos. Number of 
 men enlisted, ninety-eight, (98), of whom six (6) were pi-omoted ; 
 thirteen (13) killed in action, twelve (12) died of disease, 
 nineteen (19) discharged and retired, two (2) transferred to 
 non-commissioned staff, and one (1) deserted. The deserter was 
 a native of Ireland. 
 
 Company K, Pulaski County. — Captain S. M. Manning, 
 Lieutenants W. H. Whitfield, John H. Pate, E. A. Smith, Number 
 of men enlisted, one hundred and twenty-four, (124) of whom 
 seven (7) were promoted; thirteen (13) killed in action, twenty- 
 four (24) died of disease, and eighteen (18) discharged and 
 retired. 
 
 The above named companies rendezvoused at Camp Davis, 
 near Savannah, Georgia, and on the 22d day of March, 1862, 
 completed the organization of the regiment by the election of the 
 following field officers : — 
 
 Colonel : — Captain A. J. Lane, of Hancock County. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel-: — Captain S. M. Manning, of Pulaski County. 
 
 Major : — Private Jonathan Rivers, of Wilkinson County. 
 
 The following staff appointments were made by Colonel Lane, which were 
 subsequently confirmed by the Secretary of War. — 
 
 Thomas Latimer, — Adjutant. 
 J. M. Harris, — Assistant Quartermaster. 
 J. W. Moore, — A.nsistant Co)nmissary Subsistence. 
 * James J. Humphries, — Surgeon. 
 
 f R. H. Pate, — Assistant Surgeon, 
 
 J. J. Hyman, — Chaplain. 
 
 Of the forty-six (46) officers above enumerated, six (6) were 
 killed in action, five (5) died of disease, twenty-five (25) resigned, 
 two (2) transferred, and two (2) cashiered. The remaining six 
 (6) original officers are : — Lieutenant J. T. Jordan, (now Colonel), 
 Lieutenant James B. Duggan, (now Major), Lieutenant M. New- 
 man, (now Adjutant), Lieutenant L. M. Andrews, (now Captain), 
 Lieutenant L. L. Williams, (now Captain), and Chaplain J. J. 
 Hyman. All the other officers in the regiment at the present 
 time, September 1st, 1864, have been elected and promoted 'by 
 seniority since the organization. 
 
FORTr-NINTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 127 
 
 The intervening time between the organization and the depar- 
 ture of the regiment for Goldsboro, North Carolina, on the 2d 
 of April, 1862, was occupied in daily drills in the manual of arms 
 and the school of the soldier. Upon its arrival at Goldsboro it 
 was incorporated into the brigade of General Joseph R. Anderson 
 of Virginia, who at that time had command at that point. 
 
 Diseases incident to camp life, such as measles and dysentery, 
 became alarmingly prevalent in the regiment, detaining it in 
 camp some three weeks longer than the other regiments of the 
 brigade, who had received orders and left for Virginia about the 
 1st of May, 1862. After the departure of General Anderson 
 this regiment was assigned to the brigade of General William 
 Walker, wherein it remaiited until the health of the men was 
 sufficiently restored to enable them to proceed to Richmond. 
 Accordingly on the 24tli day of May, 1862, the regiment was 
 transported to Virginia by railroad, with orders to report again 
 to General Anderson ; but upon the arrival of the Forty-ninth in 
 Richmond, it was considered impracticable to join General 
 Anderson's command, which was then stationed near Guinea's 
 Station on the Fredericksburg railroad, and it was assigned 
 temporarily to the brigade of General Pettigrew, under whose 
 command it engaged in the battle of Seven Pines on the Slst of 
 May, sustaining a loss of eleven killed and fifty-two wounded. 
 The Forty-ninth Georgia encountered the enemy with a coolness 
 and determination, hardly to have been expected from troops 
 who then went under fire for the first time. Yet such was their 
 conduct on that occasion, as to elicit the remark of General 
 Joseph E. Johnston, which was uttered in the hearing of several 
 officers, "Those men move like veterans."' 
 
 Under a galling fire of grape, canister and rainnie balls, the 
 regiment moved steadily on until ordered to retreat. General 
 Pettigrew having been seriously wounded and fallen into the 
 hands of the enemy, the regiment was, on the 3d of June, placed 
 in a brigade of which General Pender of North Carolina, had 
 just assumed command, under whom it remained a short time, 
 when it was finally again joined to the brigade of General 
 Anderson. Daily drills and picket duty on the defenses near the 
 Mechanicsville turnpike, were the occupation of the regiment till 
 the movement began on the 24th of June, which culminated in 
 the "Seven Days' Battles around Richmond." 
 
 The brigade having been assigned to Majpr General A« P. Hill's 
 
128 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 Division, widely known as the Light Division, this regiment with 
 the others of i\re brigade, crossed the Meadow bridge over the 
 Chickahominy on the 26th of June, and was soon engaged in 
 the Battle of Mechanicsville, sustaining a loss of four killed and 
 twenty-six wounded. Colonel Lane who had ably commanded 
 the regiment in the battle of Seven Pines and in this battle, was 
 here so seriously wounded as to disable him for further field 
 service. At the battle of Cold Harbor on the 27th of June, the 
 regiment was again engaged, being gallantly led by Lieutenant 
 Colonel Manning, in the several assaults against the enemy's 
 strongly fortified positions, on which occasions it sustained a loss 
 of four killed and twenty wounded. At the battle of Fraser's 
 Farm on the 30th of June, in the absence of Lieutenant Colonel 
 Manning, who was too weak from exhaustion to participate in 
 it. Major Jonathan Rivers led the regiment, inspiring the men 
 with an enthusiasm gleaned from his own enthusiastic and 
 generous nature. The losses of the regiment in this engagement 
 amounted to five killed and eleven wounded, and the capture of 
 Major Rivers, who regardless of all danger, had gone ahead of 
 the regiment on a reconnoissance. At the battle of Malvern 
 Hill on the 1st of J'uly, Lieutenant Colonel Manning, though 
 feeble and almost exhausted, again led the regiment. The battle 
 was nearly over when the Forty-ninth' became engaged ; but it 
 nevertheless sustained a loss of two killed and five wounded. In 
 this series of engagements the regiment fought with a coolness 
 and bravery second to none in the service of the Confederate 
 States, showing a determination to sacrifice their lives if neces- 
 sary, in the achievement of our independence. 
 
 General Anderson having been wounded at the battle of 
 Fraser's Farm, the command of the brigade, composed of the 
 Fourteenth, Thirty-fifth, Forty-fifth and Forty-ninth Georgia 
 Regiments, devolved upon Colonel Edward L. Thomas, of the 
 Thirty-fifth. For gallantry in the battle of Cold Harbor, Private 
 "VV. J. Williams of Company B, was promoted to the First 
 Lieutenancy of that Company, that position having become vacant 
 by the promotion of Lieutenant Wilcox to the captaincy. While 
 the regiment was recuperating after the close of this campaign, 
 a number of ofiicers tendered their resignations, which in all 
 cases were accepted. Among the number was Surgeon J. J. 
 Humphries, which position was soon thereafter filled by the 
 
FORTY-NINTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 129 
 
 assignment of Surgeon J. J. Dement, formerly of tlie Twenty- 
 seventh Alabama Regiment. 
 
 About the latter part of July, 1862, the •war notes 80unde<l 
 once more, arousing the army for active preparations. On the 
 29th of that month the regiment received marching orders for, 
 and on the 1st day of August arrived at Gordonsville. The 
 Second Army Corps having at that time been organiz/cd, it was 
 the good fortune of Hill's Light Division to be assigned to it. 
 Already had the fame of that glorious chieftain, Stonewall 
 Jackson, spread over two continents, and it was rightly esteemed 
 by this regiment a glorious privilege to fight under his banners. 
 The stillness of the beautiful morning of the 9th of August, 
 was rudely broken by the sharp rattle of musketry on the Rapid 
 Ann. Soon the army was in motion, and at three o'clock, P. M. 
 encountered the enemy on Slaughter Mountain, at Cedar Run. 
 This regiment was assigned a position on a range of hills, from 
 which a favorable view of the enemy's position was obtained ; 
 and well did the Forty-ninth use the advantage thus obtained. 
 An almost uninterrupted volley of musketry was poured int9 
 the enemy's ranks until the amniunition was exhausted. Eagerly 
 did the men grasp the proffered cartouch boxes, which some of 
 the officers took from the killed and wounded, nor did the 
 regiment move from its position until darkness had ended the 
 contest, .ilthough for nearly an hour it had stood with bayonets 
 fixed, ^d not a single cartridge in their boxes. Early in the 
 action, Lieutenant Colonel Manning, who had nobly led the men 
 into the fight, fell seriously wounded, from the <'fffcts of which 
 he died on the 9th of September. Captain Wilcox of Company 
 B, another gall.mt officer, here fell mortally wounded. The 
 names and gallant deeds of these two officers, will ever live in 
 the memories of their surviving comrades. The regiment lost in 
 this engagement, sixteen killed and thirty-nine wounded. During 
 the engagement the Colonel commanding the brigade found it 
 necessary to strengthen the extreme right of the line ; and for 
 that purpose Captain John IL Pate of Company K, was detached 
 with two companies to execute that movement, in which he 
 acquitted himself gallantly. After the fall of Lieutenant Colonel 
 M.injiing, in the absence of Major Rivers who was still a prisoner, 
 the command of the regiment devolved upon Captain S. T. Play«r 
 of Company A, who successfully conducted its operations until 
 the close of the action. 
 
ISO HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 The return of Major Rivers from Fort Warren on the 23d of 
 August, (he having been exchanged) was hailed with lively 
 satisfiiction b}' the regiment. Assuming command ouce more, 
 he gallantly led it into the second battle of Manassas, on the 
 29th and 30th of August, on which occasion the regiment bore 
 itself Avith its usual gallantry, participating in the ever memorable 
 charge under the lead of General Pender, thereby aiding in the 
 achievement of a glorious victory over the armies of the United 
 States, at that time commanded by General Pope. In this battle 
 the losses in the Forty-ninth amounted to thirteen killed and 
 fifty-one wounded. 
 
 While the regiment with the others of Thomas' Brigade were 
 moving cautiously on the Fairfax turnpike, on the 1st of Septem- 
 ber, heavy skirmishing on the right discovered the presence of 
 the enemy. Near Chantilly the regiment was deployed into a 
 corn field, and were soon engaged in the battle of Ox Hill^ 
 during a severe storm of rain. The enemy kept up a furious 
 shelling of our line, which continued until long after dark. The 
 opposing forces became engaged in an almost hand to hand fight 
 at this point, during which Major General Kearney of the United 
 States Army was killed by Sergeant McCrimmon, of Company 
 B of this regiment, who succeeded in capturing his horse and 
 accoutrements. The horse was subsequently sent to the family 
 of General Kearney, by order of General Lee, In this engage- 
 ment the loss was three killed and five wounded. Among the 
 latter was Major Rivers, who was so severely wounded that 
 amputation of the right foot became necessary, disabling him 
 from further service in the field. ■ Once more the command of 
 the regiment devolved upon Captain Player, an officer of ripe 
 age and extensive experience on several hard fought battle fields, 
 who led it successfully through the engagement at Harper's 
 Ferry on the 15th of September, and while there guarding the 
 vast stores captured at that point. The loss sustained here was 
 six men wounded; fortunately none were killed. ' 
 
 The army having recrossed the Potomac, the regiment was 
 furiously shelled, and became engaged with the enemy at Shep- 
 herdstown, losing one killed and four Avounded. At Bunker Hill 
 and Berryville the regiment was encamped, doing picket duty 
 at intervals on the Charlestown road, until the 22d of Novem- 
 ber, when the array commenced a retrograde movement in the 
 
FORTY-NINTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 181 
 
 direction of Fredericksburg. After an uninterrupted march of 
 twelve days, having crossed the Bhie Ridge at Now Market, the 
 regiment on tlie 2d day of December encamped five miles from 
 Fredericksburg. While at Bunker Hill vacancies in the regi- 
 ment were tilled by promotion and election. The position of 
 Lieutenant Colonel having become vacant by the death of Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel Manning, Major Rivers was promoted to Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel, and Captain Player to Major. 
 
 Under the command of the latter the regiment went into the 
 battle of Fredericksburg on the 13th of December, where it fully 
 sustained its former reputation for dash and gallantry, losing 
 twelve killed and forty-seven wounded. With the battle of 
 ■Fredericksburg ended the campaign of 1862. 
 
 On the 17th of December the Forty-ninth went into winter 
 quarters near Guinea's Station, doing picket duly on the banks 
 of the Rappahannock, and performing regular drills when in 
 camp. 
 
 During the month of April, 1863, notes of preparation*for the 
 opening of the spring campaign began to sound once more. 
 Baggage was sent to the rear and all the signs of the times in- 
 dicated an early clash of arms. On no occasion had the health 
 of the regiment been better, and the men in the full play of all 
 their physical powers were ready and eager for the fray. A lib- 
 eral system of furloughing had been instituted during the past 
 winter, giving many soldiers the opportunity to visit home and 
 its loved ones, and who, on returning, were iicrvfMl an<'w to fight 
 for all that is dear to man. 
 
 Lender these favorable auspices the battle of Clianoellorsville, 
 on the 3d of May, 1863, was fought, where the well appointed, 
 and so much boasted of "Grand Army of the Potomac," met 
 with a most crushing, overwhelming defeat that had ever befal- 
 len the army of the Federal Government. In this engagement 
 the regiment, under the command of Major Player, performed 
 its assigned duties with a precision and gallantry unsurjiassed 
 by any former occasion. The charge on the enemy's works 
 by this regiment on the morning of the 3d of May, was an 
 achievement well oalrulated to elate the men with a just pride. 
 The loss was seven killed and forty-one wounded. 
 
 Returning from this battle the regiment again encamped in a 
 lovely oak grove, ^hich it had to recently abandoned. Ilere 
 
132 HEROES AND MARTYBS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 again, as usual when in camp, the regiment passed through the 
 usual routine of camp duties, such as drilling occasionally and 
 performing picket duty on the banks of the Rappahannock, but 
 on the whole enjoying comparative repose. On the 9th of June, 
 1863, a feint movement of the enemy upon Fredericksburg, drew 
 the army once more from its retirement. This regiment with 
 the others of Thomas' Brigade, occupied the trenches about one 
 mile from Hamilton's Crossing until the 15th of June, when it 
 set out on the march into the State of Pennsylvania, where 
 the regiment participated in the battle of Gettysburg, on the 
 1st, 2d and 3d of July, losing fourteen killed and fifty-eight 
 wounded. 
 
 On account of his ill health Major Player was not with the 
 regiment in this action, which was commanded on the march by 
 Captain C. M. Jones, of Company H, and in the battle by Cap- 
 tain O. H. Cooke, of Company F. The loss of Captain Jones, 
 who was killed while leading a charge of the skirmishers of the 
 brigade, which he commanded on the evening of the 2d of July, 
 was deeply deplored by the entire regiment. Pie was a young 
 but gallant officer, who had, by his bravery and affiibility, won 
 the esteem of all whose privilege it was to associate with him. 
 Here too Lieutenant Young, of Company F, a faithful and meri- 
 torious officer was killed while charging the enemy. 
 
 The resignations of Colonel Lane and Lieutenant Colonel 
 Rivers having been accepted, it became necessary on the return 
 of the regiment from Pennsylvania, to fill the^ vacancies that 
 had occurred in it ; whereupon the promotion of the following 
 named officers, as well as the corresponding promotions in the line 
 officers, were announced : 
 
 Major S. T. Player, as Colonel from June 9th, 1863. 
 
 Captain 0. H. Cooke, as Lieutenant Colonel from July 28th, 1863. 
 
 Captain J. II. Pate, as Major from July 28th, 1863. 
 
 The regiment once more in camp, enjoyed repose until the 9th 
 of October, when the army set out on the campaign, having for 
 its object the driving of General Meade's army into the entrench- 
 ments aratmd the City of Washington — which movement was 
 only partially successful — and ended in the occupation by the 
 army of Northern Virginia of the country around Brandy Sta- 
 tion, until the 9fch of November, when the ^regiment once more 
 returned to camp near Orange Court House. 
 
FORTY-NINTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 133 
 
 Colonel Player, Lieutenant Colonel Cooke, and Maj[or Pate, 
 having been elected to represent tlieir fellow citizens and soldiers 
 in the Legislative branch of the Councils of Georgia, and had 
 left for that State, the regiment, under the command of Captain 
 J. T. Jordan, of Company C, set out on the 27th of November 
 on the campaign which terminated at Mine Run. The enemy 
 having be«n confronted by General Lee's array for five days, did 
 not venture to attack it, and recrossed the Kapidan. During 
 the five days the weather was so intensely cold that it was found 
 necessary to relieve the pickets and skirmishers every half hour, 
 to prevent them from freezing on their posts. On this occasion 
 the men bore their hardships with the fortitude which had 
 always characterized them. The loss was one man killed. 
 
 On the loth of December, while preparing winter quarters, 
 this regiment with the balance of General Thomas' Brigade, were 
 ordered to report to Major General Jubal A. Early, who with 
 other forces that were assigned to him, set out upon a campain-n 
 into the Shenandoah Valley, having in the meantime made an 
 unsuccessful attempt to intercept the raid of Averill, near 
 Millboro. 
 
 While on this expedition the regiment aided in driving the 
 enemy from his well fortified* position near Moorfield, Hardy 
 County, in spite of the inclemency of the weather which it bore 
 with its wonted cheerfulness. 
 
 • On the 6th of March, 1864, the regiment arrived at Orange 
 Court House, and went into camps again, building chimneys to 
 the tents, and making itself otherwise as comfortable as the 
 nature of the situation would admit of 
 
 A very liberal system of furloughing having a^ain been inau- 
 gurated, many of the oflScers and men had the delightful ]»rivi- 
 Icge of visiting "those they loved so well." 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Cooke and Major Pate having rivalled 
 themselves of the privilege attached to their positions as Sena- 
 tor and Representative in the Legislature of Georgia, resigned 
 their commissions. Colonel Player having failed to obtain a 
 leave of absence, to attend an extra Bession of the Georgia Gen- 
 eral Assembly, felt it due to his constituents to tender hif^ resig- 
 nation as Colonel, which was accepted on the 24th of March 
 1864, In consequence of these resignations, the following pro- 
 motions were announced, as well as ihe corresponding promo- 
 tions in the line : 
 
134 HEROES AND MARTYKS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 Captain J. T. Jordan, Colonel, to date from 24th March, 1864. 
 
 Captain W. J, "Williams, Lieutenant Colonel, to date from March 24th, 1864. 
 
 Captain John A. Durham, Major, to date from March 24th, 1864. 
 
 Under command of Colonel Jordan the regiment, with greatly 
 diminished numbers, entered into its third yeai^'s^iCampaign, which 
 opened with the battle of the Wilderness, on the 5th and 6th of 
 May, 1864, where against tremendous odds the regimeift repulsed, 
 with its usual stubbornness, the repeated assaults of the enemy. 
 On the morning of the 6tli, it had to vacate the position which 
 had been assigned to it during the previous night, owing to the 
 fact, that in the sudden onslaught of the enemy in such over- 
 whelming force the regiment found itself almost entirely sur- 
 rounded.* 
 
 Having extricated itself from this dangerous position, it soon 
 rallied again on the Orange and Fredericksburg plank road, and 
 formed on the other regiments of the brigade, who had been 
 similarly assaulted, and who had received a similar repulse. In 
 this engagement the regiment lost twenty-three killed and sixty- 
 eight wounded. 
 
 The movement of the enemy by the left flank, and the corres- 
 ponding movements of General Lee's army, are familiar to every 
 reader of the events of the day. * On the 12th of May, in the 
 battle of Spottsylvania Court House, the regiment lost four 
 killed and eighteen wounded, and at Jericho Ford, on the 23d, 
 two killed and eleven wounded. Here Major Durham, whilfi 
 rallying a portion of the regiment which had unaccountably 
 given way, fell mortally wounded. He was a gallant soldier, a 
 faithful officer, he knew no fear on the field of battle. He died 
 much lamented on the 11th of June. In the skirmish at Nance's 
 Shop, June 23d, the regiment lost two killed and one wounded. 
 
 In the siege of Petersburg the regiment has occupied several 
 positions upon its defensive, lines. Captain James B. Duggan 
 was promoted to Major to fill the vacancy occasioned by the 
 death of Major Durham, on the 11th of June. 
 
 Since his promotion Colonel Jordan has acquitted himself cred- 
 itably, and to the complete satisfaction ot his superior officers, 
 and in such a manner as to acquire the respect and esteem of his 
 subordinates. On > all occasions, and with but few exceptions, 
 
 *For more full particulars of this affair, see history of Thomas' Brigade in 
 the preceding chapter. 
 
FORTY-NINTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 185 
 
 both officers and men have vied with cacli other in the faithful 
 performance of the duties assigned to them ; nor did they shrink 
 from 01' shirk these duties, however arduous or perilous they 
 raiglit liave been. 
 
 While the loss of the gallant men of this regiment, who have 
 given their lives in the cause of their country, is severely felt and 
 long mourned, it is the unalterable determination of their sur- 
 viving comrades never to relinquish the struggle until the flags 
 of all nations lower in salute to the cross of the Confederacy, 
 imtil our independence we have so bravely and nobly won is 
 recognized, and our beloved country takes her place among the 
 nations of the earth. 
 
 Among the many heroes whose names stand high on the roll of fame, from 
 old Georgia, the gallant, daring, desperate deeds of courage of Lieutenant John 
 B. Rohertx, scout for Wilcox's Division, bears second rank to none, and he has 
 gained for himself a name which will long be prominent in the Empire State 
 of the South. lie has frequently penetrated to the very heart of the Yankee 
 camp, and returned in safety bearing information of the greatest value. lie 
 has taken prisoners in their line»and undergoing great personal risk, brought 
 them triumphantly into camp. He has also seized videttes upon their posts 
 and marched them into our lines. His courage is not the result of impulse, 
 but of that cool and deliberate character wliich renders him a dangerous 
 enemy. 
 
 Sui'geon J. J. Dement and Chaplain J. J. Uyman have rendered services 
 which deserve more than a passing notice, but I am unfortunately compelled 
 to adhere to the rule laid down at the close of the history of the Sixty-fourth 
 Georgia Regiment. 
 
THIRTY-FIFTH BEGIMENT 
 
 GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 STATISTICAL REPORT. 
 
 STRENGTH OF REGIMENT. 
 
 Numbci" of men originally enlisted, 740 
 
 " " recruited and (ionscribed, 535 
 
 Total strength, 1275 
 
 LOSSES IN EACH ENGAGEMENT 
 
 Place. Killed^ Wownded. 
 
 Seven Pines, 23 50 
 
 Mechanicsville, 18 61 
 
 Other battles around Richmond, 3 . 13 
 
 Cedar Run 9 17 
 
 Manassas No. 2, 18 55 
 
 Ox Hill, 1 
 
 Harper's Ferry, . 4 
 
 Shepherdstown, 9 
 
 Fredericksburg, 14 41 
 
 Chancellorsville, ......... 8 27 
 
 Gettysburg, 9 63 
 
 Mine Rim, 2 
 
 Wilderness, 4 22 
 
 Spottsylvania, ' . . 10 37 
 
 Jericho Ford, . 10 28 
 
 Hames' Shop, ^ a ^ 
 
 Near Petersburg, . ▼ 3 
 
 Total casualties, . . . . . .128 429 
 
 Total loss of the regiment from deaths on the field of battle, and from 
 wounds and disease, discharges, transfers and desertions six hundred and 
 sixty (660.) 
 
 The Thirty-fifth Georgia Regiment (Infantry) was composed 
 of the following companies : 
 
 Company A, Captain "W. J. Head, from Haralson County. 
 
 Company B, Captain .J. M. White, from Newton County. 
 
 Company C, Captain D. B. Henry, fi-om Campbell County. 
 
 Company D, Captain L. A. J. Williams, from Troup and Head Counties. 
 
 Company E, Captain E. R. Whitley, from Campbell County. 
 
 Company F, Captain R. M. Rawlins, from Gwinnett County. 
 
 Company G, Captain W. S. Barrett, from Walton County. 
 
 Company H/ Captain A. R. Richardson, from Gwinnett and HaU Countiea, 
 
 Company I, Captain W. L. Groves, from Chattooga County. 
 
 Company K, Captain W. H.'McCulloh, from Harris Cofunty. 
 
THIRTY-FIFTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. ^ 137 
 
 It was organized in Richmond, Virginia, November 1st, 1861, with E. L. 
 Thomas, Colonel ; G. A. Bull, Lieutenant Colonel ; B. W, Holt, Major ; J. H. 
 Ware, Company K, Adjutant; Dr. J. P. Hambleton, Surg'con ; Dr. P. E. L. 
 Jennings, Assistant Surgeon ; Captain L. P. Thomas, Quartermaster; Captain 
 V. L. Hopson, Commissary Subsistence; Rev. G. W. Yarborough, Chaplain 
 Numbering in the aggregate fortj'-eight (48) officers and six hundred and 
 ninety-two (692) enlisted men. 
 
 Upon the completion of its organization, the regiment was 
 assigned to the command of Brigadier General French, and sta- 
 tioned at Evans' Port, Virginia, and at that point remained sup- 
 porting the river batteries, until early in March, 1862. It fol- 
 lowed the Army of the Potomac to tlio line of the Rappahan- 
 nock, and was stationed near Fredericksburg, Virginia. Here 
 Brigadier General J. J. Pettigrew was assigned to the command 
 of the brigade.to which this regiment was attached. 
 
 The Thirty-fifth participated in the remove to the Peninsula, 
 and formed a part of the reserve troops, commanded by Major 
 General G. W. Smith, which brought up the rear in%he famous 
 retreat from Yorktown. The regiment commanded by Colonel 
 E. L. Thomas, was first engaged in action at Seven Pines, on 
 the 30th May, 1862, being a portion of the for«e which attacked 
 the right of the enemy, and retired at the termination of the 
 engagement with a loss of twenty-three killed .and fifty wounded. 
 Among the nnnil»er of the .slain we had to mourn our gallant Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel G. A. Bull. At Mechanicsville the Thirty-fifth 
 formed a part of Brigadier General Anderson's force, and com- 
 manded by Colonel Thomas accompanied that brigade in its 
 charge on the enemy's position near Mechanicsville, on the 26th 
 of June, 1862, maintaining the unequal conflict until night, and 
 sustaining a loss of eighteen killed and sixty-one wounded. In 
 the list of killed was the Adjutant, J. II. W.are, and among the 
 wounded were Colonel Thomas, and Captain L. P. Thomas, the 
 Regimental Quartermaster. In the other engagements around 
 Richmond, it accompanied A. P. Hill's light Division and per- 
 formed the part required of it with luuior to itself, being cora- 
 m.anded by Captiin Groves, of Company I. The casualties in 
 the.te suocesnive actions amounted to three killed and thirteen 
 wounded. In the latter part of July the Light Division ww 
 transferred to Jackson's command, and as the engagement of 
 Cedar Kun, fought August flth, 1H62, was the next of (hat noble 
 chieftains victories, this regiment commanded by Major Holt, 
 
1S8 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 was there, being on the extreme right of the line. This was the 
 first field fight in whiich the Thirty-fifth Georgia had been engaged, 
 and nobly did it perform its duty, assisting to repel every 
 'attempt of the enemy to turn our right flanlc.. This signal vic- 
 tory elated the spirits of the men beyond measure. The casual- 
 ties of the regiment in this engagement amounted to nine killed 
 and seventeen wounded. 
 
 In Jackson's famous campaign, succeeding tliis battle, Thomas' 
 Brigade participated and the Thirty-fifth accompanied the brig- 
 ade in its, march to Manassas, witnessed the destruction of the 
 trains captured there by General Stuart, marched to Centreville, 
 retraced its steps to Manassas, and was there formed in line of 
 battle, supporting General E well's Division in the action of 
 Thursday, August 31st, 1862. On the 29th it occupied a position 
 on the railroad and sustained the assault of the enemy in fi'ont, 
 until late in the evening when the enemy broke through a gap in 
 the line, therebv flanking and forcing the brigade back a short 
 distance. The greater portion of the regiment soon rallied, and 
 accompanied Pender in his splendid charge on that day. On the 
 ensuing day the regiment was again on the line of battle, and 
 advanced with it on the enemy driving them from the field. The 
 loss sustained in these three days engagements amounted to 
 eighteen killed and fifty-five wounded. 
 
 At Ox Hill one man was wounded during that engagement, 
 although the regiment was not actively engaged yet exposed to 
 a severe fire. Likewise at Harper's Ferry the loss was slight, 
 being four wounded while it supported Pender, and entered the 
 town with his brigade immediately on its surrender. Here the 
 regiment remained three days to prevent incursions of the enemy, 
 and guarding the vast quantity of military stores captured there, 
 until they were removed ; hence it did not recross into Maryland 
 again, but was at Shepherdstown covering the crossing of our 
 army at that place, and lost in the engagement at that point nine 
 wounded. The Thirty-fifth assisted to tear up the Baltimore and 
 Ohio railroad, near Harper's Ferry in October, 1862, and pick- 
 eted at Summit Point and Snicker's Gap, thence marching to 
 Fredericksburg and bearing a very prominent part in that disas- 
 trous repulse of the enemy on the 13 th of December, losing four- 
 teen killed and forty-one wounded. In all these engagements 
 from Richmond to Maryland, and back to the Rappahannock, 
 the Thirty-fifth commanded by Major Holt, excepting on the 30th 
 
THIRTY-FIFTH GEORGIA REGIMENT, 139 
 
 of March, by Captain Groves, performed its duty faithfully, and 
 assisted to give Thomas' Brigade the enviable reputation it 
 acquired in that campaign. 
 
 Various clianges had been made during the campaign among 
 the officers by promotions, deaths and resignations. Colonel 
 Thomas had fought his way np to the position of Brigadier Gen- 
 eral. Major Holt was now Colonel, Captain McCulloh, of 
 Company K, Lieutenant Colonel, and Captain Groves, Company 
 I, M.ajor. The regiment spent its second winter in Virginia very 
 pleasantly, near Guinea's Station, l^ickct duty was light and 
 the men were accustomed to camp life, while high hopes of 
 going home on a visit were indulged in, and by many happily 
 realized. 
 
 With the disappearance of winter came the disappearance of 
 winter quarters. Hooker crossed the Rappahannock and com- 
 menced fortil'ying within twelve miles of the centre of the A'rmy 
 of Northern Virginia. Sdch audacity must needs be punished, 
 which resulted in the battle of Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1863, 
 in which action the Thirty-fifth commanded by Captain Duke, 
 Company A, was engaged, charging the enemy from their posi- 
 tion, driving them over a mile, taking their breastworks, and 
 capturing many prisoners, with a loss of eight killed and twenty- 
 seven wounded. 
 
 Lieutenant General Jackson's services having been lost to the 
 Confederacy by his untimely death. Major General Hill was pro- 
 moted, and M.ajor General Pender was assigned to the command 
 of the Light Division, now reduced to iour brigades — Archer's 
 and Fields' brigades having been withdrawn from it. 
 
 A lull succeeded the storm, biit the waves arose again early in 
 June, 1863, .It which time Hooker crossed a portion of his com- 
 mand on the east bank of the Bappahannock. Pender's Divi- 
 sion took position in line of battle at Hamilton's Crossing, form- 
 ing the right of the line, remaining here ten days awaiting an 
 attack of the enemy, and then began to march to Pennsylvania. 
 The weather was exceedingly warm, and the three first days 
 march the men suffered severely from heat, many falling down 
 fainting by the road side. After this, however, the men were 
 not marched so far in a day nor in such haste, the beneficial 
 tlects of which change was very visible in the Thirty-fifth 
 Georgia thereafter. Marching and camping were the bui*inesR 
 of nearly every day, until the vicinity of Gettysburg was 
 
140 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 reached. On the morning of the 1st of July, 1863, the Thirty- 
 fifth was detached to guard a wagon train. It was known a bat- 
 tle was imminent, and it was presumed that this regiment would 
 take no part in it ; but after an hour's stay with the wagons an 
 order was received to join the brigade, which we proceeded to 
 do, running for nearly three miles and getting into position, as 
 the batteries of the enemy opened on that part of the lines. 
 Placed as was the brigade, between the corps' of Ewell and Hill 
 to hold the centre and prevent the former from being outflanked 
 on the right, and the latter on the left, and supporting a heavy 
 battery the regiment had nothing to do save dodging shells and 
 witnessing the first day's engagement. 
 
 On the second day the regiment, with the exception of three 
 companies, were deployed as skirmishers, and from the losses sus- 
 tained showed that the skirmish fight in front of Pender's Divi- 
 sion was the most fierce on record. Charge after charge w&s 
 made, and in one assault the skirmishers advanced within a short 
 distance of the enemy's batteries. The night of the 2d of July, 
 Thomas' Brigade took a position in a hollow between the oppo- 
 sing lines, and on the ne"xt morning the greater part of the regi- 
 ment was again deployed, keeping up a line equal in length to the 
 front of two brigades, and continuing the action. When the 
 grand charge was made some brigade in its advance passed near 
 Thomas' Brigade and seemed disposed to stop ; but that it might 
 have no excuse for halting, General Thomas ordered his brigade 
 forward. The Thirty-fifth being near him heard the command 
 and led by- Lieutenant Colonel McCulloh, participated in that 
 ever memorable charge of Picket and Heth. Night closed the 
 scene, and on the 5th of July the regiment bade farewell to 
 Pennsylvania, and fell back to Hagerstown and there remained 
 in line of battle several days, finally crossing the Potomac with 
 the army into Virginia. The casualties in the battle of Gettys- 
 burg amounted to nine killed, fifty-three wounded and fifty- 
 seven missing. Total loss one hundred and nineteen. 
 
 The regiment accompanied the biigade to Orange Court House. 
 In the advance to Bristol Station it experienced the same treat- 
 ment as at Gettysburg, respecting guarding wagon trains, and 
 ao-ain retired across the Rapidan. When Meade crossed the 
 Potomac and was met at Mine Run, the regiment was there 
 though not actively engaged, often changing positions to meet 
 
THIRTY-FIFTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 141 
 
 the attempts of the enemy to turn our right. Only two were 
 wonnded liere. 
 
 Winter quarters ]>ad been erected for 1863, and as they were 
 about to be occupied, Avcrill made a descent upon the Virginia 
 and Tennessee railroad, and the brigade of General Thomas was 
 ordered to the Valley of Virginia to intercej>t him. During the 
 most severe part of the winter the regiment proceeded to Mill- 
 boro ; but Averill having gone another route and Boyd having 
 ascended the Valley, making a diversion in Averill's favor, we 
 were countermarched to Staunton and commenced the race after 
 Boyd. The regiment left camp near Staunton at three o'clock, 
 A. M., and traveled to Lorey Springs, thirty-seven miles distant, 
 in a continuous march, reaching that place on the evening of the 
 same day, but Boyd was too quick for Early. 
 
 The most of the winter was spent in running up and down the 
 Valley and feasting on the fat of the land. A trip across the 
 mountains was made to Moorfield and Petersburg; but the 
 enemy fled, leaving behind him his cattle and many valuable mil- 
 itary stores. After the winter was over the regiment enjoyed 
 themselves finely for awhile near Harrisonburg, Virginia, but 
 soon this "foot cavalry" was ordered to rejoin the "parent body,'* 
 and a five days march found them at Orange Court House, among 
 old and tried friends in Wilcox's Division — Major General Wil- 
 cox having succeeded to the command of the old Light Division 
 on the demise of General Pender. 
 
 The only changes that occurred among the commissioned offi- 
 cers d^l^ing this winter, were the promotions of Captain Williams 
 to Major. Captain Steed to the command of Company C, Cap- 
 tain Mitchell to Company D, and Ca])tain Roberts to Com- 
 pany H. 
 
 On the 4th of May, 1864, General U. S. Grant, then command- 
 ing the Federal forces, commenced crossing the disputed line, and 
 was promptly met by the Army of Northern Virginia in tho 
 Wilderness. There on the plank road where Grant had massed 
 his troops on the .5th (jf May, Heth and Wilcox sustained the 
 furious assault of the enemy, maintaining their position under 
 the heaviest fire of musketry ever witnessed on this continent. 
 When night closed the fight against such overwhelming odds, oar 
 line was necessarily slightly disarranged, and Longstreet being 
 expected to relieve the line before the break of day, only the 
 cuitomary vigilance was used during the eight. Fatal neglect! 
 
142 HEROES Am) MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 When morning dawned, Thomas' noble and as yet invincible 
 brigade was almost totally enveloped in the dense masses of 
 the enemy, who in numbers comparing to ours twenty to one, 
 were threatening ourfront, flank and rear. For awhile we stood 
 unshaken, but while attempting to execute under a fearfully gal- 
 ling fire, the manoeuvre of "into line faced to the rear," the regi- 
 ment fell back to its supports in confusion, and were not rallied 
 until supports were brought up. The losses of the regiment in 
 the two days engagements amounted to four killed, twenty-two 
 "wounded and twenty-three missing. 
 
 Again at Spottsylvania on the 12th of May, the regiment par- 
 ticipated in retaking the works lost by Johnson's Division, sup- 
 porting Gordon's Brigade in its charge across the breastworks, 
 and losing ten killed, thirty-seven wounded and fifteen missing. 
 Major Williams was here mortally wounded, and died on the 
 18th of May. 
 
 At Jeribho Ford, having been sent in to gobble up a handful 
 of cavalry, it found itself, after advancing one-fourth of a mile, 
 fronting Warren's entire corps of Yankees, whose rear Avas pro- 
 tected by twenty or thirty pieces of artillerj% on the heights 
 across the river, and which vomited innumerable shell and can- 
 ister among the devoted band of Southerners there present. The 
 division being unable to capture the entire corps, withdrew after 
 night, with a loss to the Thirty-fifth Georgia of ten killed, twen- 
 ty-eight wounded and twenty-one missing. 
 
 At Hames' Shop, June 14th, some more cavalry were to be 
 driven back, which was successfully done after a severe skirmish 
 fight, in which the Thirty-fifth lost two killed and six wounded. 
 
 Grant having crossed the James, the regiment, after a severe 
 march reached Petersburg and took position on the Weldon rail- 
 road. A reconnoisance in force was made on the 21st of June 
 in front of our position, which succeeded in driving the enemy to 
 his breastworks, and on the succeeding day Thomas' Brigade 
 aided, by a detour to the rear of the enemy, in withdrawing him 
 from his position, and afterwards supported the attacking column, 
 on the enemy's flank, by which position his guns and many of 
 his men were captured. The loss in the Thirty-fifth was three 
 wounded and three missing. 
 
 On the line of battle, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel 
 McCuUoh, the regiment still remains fronting the foes of our 
 country with undiminished ardor, undimmed patriotism, and un- 
 
THIRTY-FIFTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 143 
 
 abated zej^l, ever ready to spring to arms and strike another and 
 another blow for the inalienable right of self government. We 
 are quietly reposing in our comfortless quarters, but whoever 
 ventures to disturb our repose will bitterly repent it, forno leth- 
 argic sleep is upon us, and we are ready, willing and anxious to 
 again try the issue by the strength of arms, and thus end the 
 strife. 
 
 The losses of the regiment will be found at the head of this 
 chapter, but if to that list were added those who are disabled by 
 wounds, but not discharged, and the number now missing, the 
 total loss would approximate two-thirds of'all who have ever 
 belonged to it. 
 
 So closes the drama of the actions of the Thirty-fifth Georgia 
 regiment, and here let the curtain fall until a new scene shall be 
 presented, in which the. few of this regiment now fit for duty 
 will be prominent actors, and we doubt not that each member 
 will perform his part as faithfully as in the past, so that the reg- 
 imental pride shall not be lowered, or that the laurels it has 
 gained upon seventeen gory fields be removed from its banners. 
 The narrow limits allowed prevent a notice of all the promotions 
 among the officers, and the changes wrought by death and 
 wounds, nor has it been possible to note the many instances of 
 gallantry discharged by different members of this command. 
 While they are unwritten they are not unknown, and it is con- 
 fidently hoped that a record of their achievements will be pub- 
 lished, so that posterity yet unborn shall delight to dwell upon 
 the deeds of valor and heroism performed by those who sacri- 
 ficed for home all its endearments, and for freedom that which 
 man may take but cannot give. 
 
FOURTEENTH REGIMENT 
 
 GEOEGIA VOLUNTEEES. 
 
 STATISTICAL RECORD. 
 
 STRENGTH OF REGIMENT. 
 
 Number of men originally enlisted, 769 
 
 " " recruits, . . 328 
 
 Total strength, . . . . . , , 1097 
 
 LOSSES BY DEATH. 
 
 KUled in action, 138 
 
 Died of disease, . 212 
 
 Number of deaths, 350 
 
 LOSSES OTHERWISE THAN BY DEATH. 
 
 Discharged, 178 
 
 Wounded, 436 
 
 Total of all losses, . . . . . . . 954 
 
 The Fourteenth Georgia Regiment was organized in the city 
 of Atlanta, Georgia, on the I7th of July, 1861, to serve three 
 years or during the war ; and was composed of the following 
 companies : 
 
 Company A, from Monroe County, Captain John H. Etheridge. 
 
 Company B, from Wilkinson County, Captain Robert W. Folsom. 
 
 Company C, from Jasper County, Captain C. W. Jordon. 
 
 Company D, from Cherokee Coimty, Captain James M. Fielder. 
 
 Company E, from Forsyth County, Captain R. P. Lester. 
 
 Company F, from Johnson County, Captain R. P. Harmon. 
 
 Company G, from Worth County, Captain William A. Harris, 
 
 Company H, from Lawrens County, Captain J. S. Ramsey. 
 
 Company I, from Butler County, Captain Felix Price. 
 
 Company K, from Bartow County, Captain Thomas S. Jones. 
 
 A. V. Brumby, of Marietta, was elected Colonel ; Cajitain J. S. Ramsey 
 was elected Lieutenant Colonel; Captain Felix Price was elected Major; and 
 Lieutenant A. D. Hammond, Company A, was appointed Adjutant; Dr. Young 
 was appointed Surgeon ; W. J. Williford, Quartermaster ; and Henry C. Kel- 
 logg, Commifcsary. Lieutenant T. M, Yopp was elected Captain to fill the 
 vacancy left by promotion of Captain Ramsey, Lieutenant Rufus W. McMi- 
 chael was elected Captain to fill the vacancy left by promotion of Captain 
 Price, 
 
FOURTEENTH GEORGIA RESIMEET. 145 
 
 Ox the 18th and 19th of July the regiment left Atlanta, and 
 went by way of Knoxville, Tennessee, to Lynchburg, Virginia, 
 where it remained about ten days, and was then ordered to 
 Staunton. From Staunton we marched by way of Monterey to 
 Huntersville, in Pocahontas County, remained there about three 
 weeks and moved to Marlin Bottom, on the Green Brier river. 
 Remaining but a few days .at the latter place we again moved, 
 going to Ed ray, a short distance beyond, and from that place to 
 Tygarts Valley, on the head waters of the Elk river. Shortly 
 after reaching this place the enemy, under General Rosecranz, 
 moved down on the Gauly river, and General Lee Avithdrew his 
 forces, the Fourteenth Georgia falling back with the army to 
 Green Brier river. 
 
 General Loring in command of the greater portion of the army, 
 went down on the Gauly river, and the remainder left at Mar- 
 lin's Bottom were under the command of General Donaldson, of 
 Tennessee — an officer long to be remembered for his kindness 
 and courtesy. 'This was our first campaign remarkable in the 
 liistory of the regiment for the sickness and sutferings we en- 
 dured. We were raw men, ignorant of camp life, unused to ex- 
 posures of wet and cold, and the fatigues of marching. We 
 were encumbered with many things useless to the old soldier, 
 and destitute of others since learned to be indisjiensablo. We 
 l^ad to undergo the sickness always incident to camp life, and the 
 season Avas an unusually wet one. Measels and mumps broke out 
 and quickly spread through every company. While laboring 
 under these diseases many look cold, .and added to this, fever of 
 a most malignant form made its ai)pearance to au alarming ex- • 
 tent. The medical department was unorganized, the su]»ply of 
 medicine wholly inadequate, and the accommodations for the 
 sick of the very poorest kind. The consequence was disease and 
 death were spread out on every hand. We left Lynchburg in 
 the latter part of July, seven hun<lred and seventy strong, and 
 of this number but one hundred and twenty reported for duty. 
 Among the officers who died, were Dr. Young and LieutenantH 
 Birge, Hunt and Weeks. 
 
 During this campaign Lieutenant Colonel liamsey resigned, 
 and Captain Folsom was elected to fill the vacancy. Lieutenant 
 C. C. Kelly was elected Captain ; Second Lieutenaut W. J. Solo- 
 moi^was elected First, and John McArthur, Brevet Second Lieu- 
 tenant; First Lieutenant Haupt resigned and Lieutenant Mays 
 
 S 
 
146 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 elected to fill his place, and Jeff Hogan elected Brevet Second 
 Lieutenant ; Lieutenant "Ward resigned and J. O. Lane filled the 
 vacancy. The death of Lieutenant Hunt leaving a vacancy, it 
 was filled by Lieutenant McConnel, and Lieutenant Abbott and 
 W. D. Putnam promoted. Lieutenant Seal resigned and W. H, 
 Paxton was elected Brevet Second Lieutenant. Lieutenant Kent 
 resigned and J. W. Crawford filled his place by election. Lieu- 
 tenant Geddeon resigned and Lieutenant Weeks died, thfeir 
 places were filled by the election of Terrell T. Manger and John 
 R. Bozeraan. Lieutenants Bowe, Hall and Duffy resigned and 
 P. W. Douglas, D. W. Patterson and John V. Dayis were elected. 
 Captain Jones and Lieutenant Fields resigned, and Lieutenant 
 Birge died, Lieutenant Goldsmith was elected Captain and R. A. 
 Holt, James Jackson and T. C. Moore were elected Second Lieu- 
 tenants. Thus in the course of three months, there were four 
 deaths a?id ten resignations among the commissioned officers of 
 the regiment. The proportion of deaths and discharges among 
 the enlisted men were equally as great. ' ' ♦ 
 
 In the latter part of October the regiment marched to Mill- 
 boro, on the Virginia Central railroad, and from there proceeded 
 to Manassas Junction, where it joined the Army of Northern 
 Virginia, under General Joseph E.Johnston. We went into 
 camp on the railroad just below the depot, and were employed 
 on guard and fatigue duty until about Christmas, when we were 
 ordered to Davis' Ford on the Ocoquan, where we again went 
 into camp. While at Manassas Colonel Brumby resigned his 
 commission and Major Price was elected to fill the vacancy, 
 Lieutenant Colonel Folsom refusing to become a candidate. 
 
 Captain Jordan resigned and Lieutenant L. A. Lane was elected 
 Captain, and W. J. Preston, First Lieutenant Acting Adjutant; 
 Lieutenant Hammock resigned and James Jordan was elected 
 Brevet Second Lieutenannt of Company A ; Lieutenant. Chappell 
 resigned and L. C. Perry was elected. Captain Williford re- 
 signed and E. A. Pleggie was appointed Quartermaster. Captain 
 Kellogg resigned and Captain R. P. Harman was detailed in his 
 place. A. Taliferro was appointed Adjutant. 
 
 While at Davis' Ford the regiment M^as engaged in building 
 foris and digging rifle pits. We were here placed in General 
 Wade Hampton's Brigade, Whiting's Division. At this place 
 Captain Harris was elected Major, to fill the vacancy occasioned 
 by the election of Major Price to the Colonelcy. Lieutenant 
 
FOURTEENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 147 
 
 Monger beonnie Captain, and Robert F. Shine was elected First 
 Lieutenant; R. N. Ryle was elected Second Lieutenant to fill tlie 
 vacancy left by Lieutenant Lingo, who had resigned. Captain 
 Harinan was relieved from duty as Commissary and Lieutenant 
 Moore was detailed for that duty. During the whole of this 
 winter the regiment lived in tents. On the 7tb of March, 1862, 
 we broke up camp, and with the remainder of the division 
 marched to Fredericksburg, where we remained enjoying the 
 hospitalities of that ancient and once famous town (now dis- 
 poiled of its wealth and beauty by the hand of a cruel enemy,) 
 until the 8th of April, when we took up the line of march for 
 Yorktown. AYe left Yorktown on the 5th of May, and marched 
 to the vicinity of Richmond. Our first battle was that of Seven 
 Pines. L^nfortunately the regiment was put into action late in 
 the evening, just before the close of that hard fought battle. 
 The position attacked by us was an extremely strong one, and 
 the disparity in numbers was greatly in favor of the enemy, 
 much greater no doubt than was supposed by the commanding 
 Generals ; but our Brigade (nampton's) composed of the F'our- 
 teenth and Nineteenth Georgia, the Sixteenth North Carolina, 
 and Hampton's Infantry Battalion, was ordered into action uf>on 
 this strongly fortified line. The first and only order given after 
 the formation of our line of battle was to charge, and the move- 
 ment was executed in fine style, until we advanced into the woods 
 filled with a dense undergrowth. Here the line became brf>ken, 
 but continued to adv.ance until within less than fifty paces of the 
 enemy's line, and immediately in front of one of his strongest 
 batteries. At this moment the batteries of the enemy belched 
 forth their thunders, showering a perfect hail storm of canister 
 and grape into our lines, while a withering fire of musketry was 
 poured upon us. An order to lie down was given, and it was 
 then discovered that we were being flanked. Having no sup- 
 ]»orts, or they not being up, the result was that the whole brig- 
 ade retreated in disorder. It was rallied and again and again 
 led to the assault with other troops, hut the nuiiibors and posi- 
 tion of the enemy were too strong for us, and although the fight- 
 ing continued until after dark, we failetl to force the enemy from 
 the field. It was on this part of t))e battle ground and during 
 these ojierations that General Joseph E. Johnston received his 
 wound. Here the regiment lost Captain John H. Etheridge. 
 Before the war Captain Etlieridge was a practicing physician in 
 
148 HEROES AND MARTYES OF GEORGIA. 
 
 Monroe County. He was a man of fine personal appearance, 
 engaging manners, and of high standing socially and profession- 
 ally. As an officer he was kind, conscientious and efficient. His 
 company were greatly attached to him, and his death wa,s uni- 
 versally regretted in the regiment. Lieutenant Shine was also 
 killed. He was an amiable young man and much beloved by his 
 company. The regiment lost in all ten killed and twenty-eight 
 wounded. 
 
 Shortly after the battle of Seven Pines, the regiment was 
 placed in a brigade commanded by the gallant General Archer, 
 but before the battle of Mechanicsville was fought, a Georgia 
 Brigade composed of the Fourteenth, Thirty-fifth, Forty»fifth 
 and Forty-ninth Georgia Regiments was formed, and General 
 Joseph R. Anderson, of Richmond, placed in command of it. 
 The organization of this brigade has remained unchanged to the 
 present time. It was then attached to General A. P, Hill's Light 
 Division, which has subsequently earned a fame which will live 
 through all time. The regiment participated in all the " battles 
 around Richmond," beginning at Mechanicsville, and ending at 
 Malvern Hill. It is needless to say that it acquitted itself with 
 honor, never faltering in the hottest of the many charges made 
 upon the strong works of McClellan. During these engage- 
 ments Lieutenant James Jordan was wounded and afterwards 
 died in Richmond. Lieutenant J. W. Mays was -made Captain ; 
 Lieutenants Hogan and Merrit were ])romoted, and Hiram Perdue 
 was made Lieutenant. The loss of the regiment in these battles 
 was twenty-four killed and sixty wounded. 
 
 The regiment had scarcely rested from its severe duties in front 
 of Richmond, when it was again put in motion and sent to Gor- 
 donsville where it joined the forces of the lamented Stonewall, 
 under whom it marched and fought up to the time of his un- 
 timely death. 
 
 The next battle of the regiment was Cedar Run, in which 
 Lieutenant Colonel Robert W. Folsom, greatly distinguished 
 himself. At that time his health was extremely feeble. The day 
 was an unusually hot one, and the march had been long and 
 fatiguing. While the regiment were charging the enemy and 
 supporting a brigade in its front, that brigade suddenly gave 
 way, and retreated in great confusion through the lines of the 
 Fourteenth. The regiment wavered and in a moment would 
 hava been in headlong route; but at the critical moment, when 
 
FOURTEENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 149 
 
 nothing apparently could retrieve the threatened disaster, Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel Folsom sprang forward and seizing the battle- 
 grimed colors of the Fourteenth, rushed forward,^and in a voice 
 Avhose intonations rang far over the plain, called upon the Four- 
 teenth, "for the sake of old Georgia to stand!" The panic 
 ceased, and calling upon his gallant boys to "follow their 
 Colonel," he pressed forward, but had not proceeded far when 
 exhausted nature gave way and he fell prostrate, overcome by 
 the heat and feebleness. Raising himself and supported on 
 either side by brave and devoted comrades, he again advanced 
 fully thirty paces in front of his regiment. His men seeing his 
 courage and determination, cauglit the inspiration of his sjtirit 
 and rushed to his side. The charge was continued, the enemy 
 tied, and victory perched upon the banner so nobly, gallantly 
 and heroically borne. 
 
 During this engagement the Fourteenth charged and utterly 
 routed three times their numbers, and received and re])ulsed a 
 desperate charge of the enemy's cavalry ; and were said by 
 General Hill, to have killed and Avounded as many of the enemy 
 as their own strength amounted to, and yet, through the protec- 
 tion of an Allwise Providence, their loss was but one killed and 
 nine wounded. 
 
 After the battle of Cedar Run, we marched back to the neigh- 
 borhood of Orange Court House, where Gener.*jl Jackson rested 
 his corps until the main army under General Lee came up from 
 Richmond. We then marched through Culpepper county to 
 Jeffersonton. Here the corps of General Jackson left the main 
 army and commenced that brilliant flank movement on the enemy, 
 then occupying a line along the north .side of the Rappahannock. 
 Bearing to the left, passing through the villages of Orleans and 
 Salem, by a rapid march General Jackson reached Manassas 
 Junction and Bristol Station, before the enemy were aware that 
 he had left the banks of the Rapjiahannock. Stonewall was tlien 
 'lirectly in their rear and on their line of communication, with 
 Alexandria their base of supplies. 
 
 At no period in the history of the war, has the indomitable 
 spirit and cheerfulness of the soldiers of the army of Northern 
 Virginia, under trying circumstances, been more forcil)ly illus- 
 trated than on the manjh to Bristol Station. The rations con- 
 sisted of flour and fresh beef alone. These were generally issued 
 late at night, when the troops were weary, foot sore and sleepy. 
 
150 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 They were to be cooked, divided, and in the haversacks before 
 day, and by light the line of march was generally resumed. In 
 consequence the rations were not more than half cooked and 
 greatly wasted. Being scanty at best, it is easy to imagine that 
 the men suffered from hunger. The marches were hard and 
 continued until late at night ; . many of the men were barefoot, 
 and all were dirty and ragged ; yet they maintained their cheer- 
 fulness, and in the still hours of the night, the solitude of the 
 fields and forests were awakened by the sounds of songs and 
 merry laughter as the troops marched on, following their great 
 leader. 
 
 At Manassas an immense quantity of stores, consisting in great 
 part of commissary supplies wei-e captured. As it was thought 
 best to destroy all the men could not carry with them, they 
 were allowed to help themselves. Every man in the regiment 
 filled his haversack with pickled beef, bacon or pork, sugar and 
 coffee, and took whatever else pleased him. This was to the 
 worn out, half-starved men, a real God-send — every man felt that 
 he carried a feast. When all was helped, what remained, to the 
 value of millions, was burnt. 
 
 Early next morning we marched to Centerville,- and from 
 thence to the field of the second battle of Manassas. This cer- 
 tainly was one of the hardest fought battles, and most glorious 
 victories to the Confederate arms, which had then occurred. 
 The Fourteenth did its full and honorable part in this severe 
 and bloody battle. The ground in front of its position was 
 literally strewn with the blue coats; and it was here called upon 
 to mourn the death of some of its bravest members. Captain 
 Rufus W. McMichael here lost his life. He fell in the thickest 
 of the fight, nobly performing his part in the securing of his 
 country's liberty. He was just entering upon a life, to him, full 
 of bright prospects and radient with buoyant hopes; but fate 
 decreed that he shonld yield up all, and he offered his all — his 
 life — in obedience to the stern mandate, and his comrades in 
 arms were forced, in grief, to leave him behind. The loss of the 
 regiment in this engagement was eight killed and thirty-one 
 wounded. 
 
 The next engagement in which the Fourteenth was engaged, 
 was that of Ox Hill or Chantilly, from which it marched by way 
 of Leesburg into Maryland. After crossing the Potomac the 
 first meal eaten by this regiment consisted of green corn, roasted. 
 
FOURTEENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 151 
 
 This was issued as the only ration that could be furnished. The 
 next day we marched to Monocacy bridge, near Frederick City, 
 Maryland. "VVe marched from here (in a few days after our 
 arrival,) by way of Middletown and Boonsboro', to Williams- 
 port, crossed the Potomac and proceeded to Martinsburg, where 
 we captured a quantity of military supplies, and from thence 
 marched to Harper's Ferry. We here captured nearly thirteen 
 thousand prisoners and an immense quantity of supplies. Here 
 again we were feasted at the expense of "Abe's best govern- 
 ment," <fcc. The brigade was posted at this place as a guard, 
 while the battle of Sharpsburg was being fought. Shortly after- 
 wards we were engaged at Shepherdstown, and afterwards went 
 into camp near Bunker Hill, where it remained several months. 
 
 While at Bunker Hill Lieutenant Colonel Folsom was pro- 
 moted to Colonel — Colonel Price ^ving resigned. It is due to 
 the memory of Colonel Folsora to state, that he commanded the 
 regiment in the battle of Cedar Run and in all subsequent 
 engagements. Capt. Fielder was promoted Major, to fill the 
 vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Major Harris, on 
 account of a wound. Lieutenant McConnel was promoted 
 Captain ; Lieutenants Abbott and Putnam, and James L. Hull, 
 were promoted ; Robert H. Fulton was promoted First Lieuten- 
 ant, and Jas. H. Ford to Second, to fill the vacancies of Lieutenant 
 Shine killed and Boslick died. Lieutenant Moore was commis- 
 sioned A. C. S. In the latter part of November the army 
 marched to Fredericksburg, where the enemy were concentrating 
 a large army. 
 
 On the 13th of December the battle of Frt'.loricksburg was 
 fought, in which the Fourteenth under its gallant commander 
 took a nobly conspicuous part. Unprotected by breastworks, it 
 repulsed three heavy lines of battle. The loss f»f the regiment in 
 this battle was severe, being twenty-four killed and eighty-eight 
 wounded. Among the former was Lieutenant Washington J. 
 Solomon, a gallant and amiable young officer, whose loss was 
 deeply deplored; also Lieutenant Putnam, a noble, clii\alric 
 officer. The regiment shortly after this battle, went into winter 
 quarters at Camp Grogcr, about ten miles below Fredericksburg. 
 While in winter quarters Major Fielder was promoted to Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel, aod Captain Lester was promoted to Major.* 
 
 •Owinp to want of ppnre I am compelled to expunge the lict of promotions 
 which has been forwarded to me. 
 
162 HEROES AND MARTYKS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 During tlie preceding campaign Lieutenant Hogan lost an eye 
 and resigned, and Lieutenant Johnson died. 
 
 In May, 1863, the battle of Chancellorsville was fought, from 
 which the regiment had to mourn the loss of Lieutenant Colonel 
 Fielder, Captains Mounger and Harmon, and Lieutenant H. A. 
 Solomon. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Fielder, though over the military age, 
 entered the service at the beginning of the war, impelled by his 
 ]ov& of country and zeal for the cause of liberty. He possessed, 
 in a remarkable degree, the confidence, love and esteem of the 
 regiment — fortitude, devotion and constancy, characterized his 
 raiilitary life. A kinder, more benevolent heart never beat. All 
 his purposes were high, honorable and christianlike. His friend- 
 ship was true, disinterested imd constant. As a citizen at home, 
 he stood deservedly high. IR met his fate as becomes a soldier 
 and a christian, with fortitude and a well grounded faith in the 
 merits and mercy of his Redeemer." Long, long will the sur- 
 viving members of the Fourteenth cherish in love the memory 
 of his name. 
 
 Captain Mounger was a physician when the war began, and 
 entered the service as a private in the Fourth Georgia Regiment, 
 and was afterwards elected to a position in the Fourteenth. He 
 Avas a general favorite in the regiment, and his company was 
 devotedly attached to him. He was of a sanguine temperament, 
 polite in his deportment, generous and social, being at all times 
 a favorite with any with whom he had dealings. His sensibilities 
 were of the highest and most delicate order. As an officer he 
 was prompt and exact, but kind anrl ju^ to those under his 
 command. In action his bravery was of that cool, lofty, deter, 
 mined, and vigorous order, which; inspirefs the beholder with 
 admiration and enthusiasm. He died as he had lived, universally 
 beloved by officers and men. A little mound upon the battle 
 field of Chancellorsville is all that marks his resting place, but 
 his comrades will ever cherish his memory. 
 
 Lieutenant Henry A. Solomon entered the service in the First 
 Georgia Regiment. He afterwards served in the army of the 
 west, and upon the death of his gallant, noble hearted brother, 
 (Lieutenant W. J. Solomon,) whd fell at the battle of Freder- 
 icksburg, he was elected to fill the vacancy. He was brave to 
 rashness, generous to a fault, kind and sympathising as a friend. 
 His brother was possessed of all his good qualities, but his cour- 
 
FOURTEENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 153 
 
 age was of that stubborn, unyielding nature which could with- 
 stand defeat, without the depression usually consequent upon 
 disaster. 
 
 As aw example of the fortitude of Captain Mounger and 
 Lieutenant H. A. Solomon, it is said, that they walked in com- 
 pany with each other for three miles after receiving their mortal 
 wounds. The former shflt through and through the bowels ; the 
 latter shot clear through the body — the ball perforating in its 
 passage, both lungs and liver. 
 
 The regiment accompanied the army into Pennsylvania, and" 
 was engaged in the battle /)f Gettysburg ; sustaining in that 
 terrific engagement, a loss of eleven (11) killed and thirty-three 
 (33) Avounded. Subsequently, we fell back with the army to the 
 neighborhood of Bunker Hill, and from thence to Orange Court 
 House, where it arrived about the first of August. Major Lester 
 was here promoted to Lieutenant Colonel ; Captain Goldsmith 
 to Major, and Lieutenant Holt to Captain of Company K. 
 Lieutenant Jackson having previously resigned, G.^V. Chapman 
 was elected in hie place. 
 
 In the month of October the regiment marched with its divi- 
 sion to Bristol Station, and was at Mine Run, but was not 
 engaged. After this we went into winter quarters near Orange 
 Court House. 
 
 On the 15th of December, shortly after having completed 
 their winter cabins, the regiment was ordered to Staunton, and 
 was placed under the command of General Early, commanding 
 in the Valley. The remainder of the winter of 1863 and 1864, 
 was spent in marching and countermarching up and dowp the 
 Valley, as far as New Town and to Petersburg, in Hardy county. 
 The season was intensely cold, and the command being destitute 
 of tents, were compelled to bivouac in the open air, frequently 
 on snow and ice. Lnder every hardship the men maintained 
 their usual cheerfulness. In February, 1864, we rejoined the 
 main array at Orange Court House, where w^ remained until 
 the spring campaign opened. 
 
 On the 5th of May the Fourteenth with other portions of the 
 army, became engag<?d with the enemy in the battle of the Wil- 
 derness, When the fight ceased at night the line of battle occu- 
 pied by the Fourteenth was very irregular, and during the night 
 the enemy taking advantage of this irregularity, so disposed their 
 lines as to be able next morning to attack our position in front, 
 
 T 
 
154 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 flank and rear. Colonel Folsom perceived the danger of his 
 position, and the utter impossibility of holding the line. He did 
 all in his power to have the line corrected, but it was not done. 
 During the whole night the officers and men of the Fourteenth 
 felt that they were doomed to a useless and terrible danger, and 
 that the morrow's sun' would shine upon the lifeless bodies of 
 many of their number. ' Early the next morning the shock fell 
 with terrible force upon the Fourteenth, but it maintained its 
 position, fighting with the resolution of despQ,;r the formidable 
 host which had nearly surrounded it; but slowly the overpoAV- 
 ering forces of the euemy moved around, until we were almost 
 within their clutches, when the order to fall back was given, and 
 Colonel Folsom attempted to carry out his regiment in order. 
 Before he coald accomplish his attempt a bali struck him, and 
 passing through the upper part of his stomttch inflicted a mortal 
 wound. He was taken to the field hospital, where, after suffering 
 for thirty-two hours his noble heart ceased to beat, and his spirit 
 winged its flight to Heaven. 
 
 No officer of equal rank in the army of Northern Virginia, 
 enjoyed a more enviable reputation and position, than did Colonel 
 Robert W. Folsom at his death. None had better deserved that 
 reputation and position than he. To bravery of the most daring 
 kind, he united the calmest, most imperturbable coolness, and the 
 most circumspect caution. His judgment was solid, and always 
 matured from a careful review of all the surrounding circum- 
 stances; and he possessedithe energy and steadfastness of char- 
 acter to follow the dictates of that judgment. He was emi- 
 nently qualified to govern men ; commanding their respect, and 
 binding them to him at the same time with the chords of affec- 
 tion. As a disciplinarian he was rigid, but scrupulously just. 
 In his intercourse with both officers and men he was courteous 
 and kind. His attention to the business of the regiment was 
 unremitting and energetic. His administrative abilities were of 
 the highest order. As a messmate he was social, agreeable, 
 liberal and instructive. He loved and venerated truth, justice 
 and sincerity. He never exercised a petty tyranny, or assumed 
 a false dignity on account of position and power, instances of 
 which are so common and so disgusting in the army. 3o wide* 
 spread was his reputation, that General Lee has highly compli- 
 mented him in an order written with his own hand and signed 
 by himself, and now in possession of the Colonel's family. 
 
FOURTEENTH GEORGIA REGIMENT. 165 
 
 In the fall of 1863, a Military Lodge of Free and Accepted 
 Masons was established in this brigade, of which Colonel Folsom 
 was the Worshipful Master. He retained this place, discharging 
 its duties up. to the time of his death. He was a bright and 
 zealous Mason, exemplifying J;he great moral teachings of the 
 order in his daily walk, and in his death it may be truly said, the 
 fraternity lost " a true and worthy brother." As a professor of 
 religion he was devoted, sincere and consistent, and in the latter 
 part of his life was particularly zealous. His religion was not of 
 the sombre puritanical caste, but bright, cheerful and hopeful. 
 At the time of his death he was in the very prime and vigor of 
 manhood, being but twenty-eight years of age. His last hours 
 were characterized by the most perfect- submission to the will of 
 God^ and the most confiding faith in hiS/ acceptance with his 
 Heavenly Father. There did not seem to be a cloud to obstruct 
 his vision ; but with songs of praise and rejoicing, the young and 
 jiromising hero entered the dark valley and shadow of death with 
 the rod and staff of his Redeemer to comfort and support him. 
 
 The regiment has participated in the battles around Spottsyl- 
 vania Court House, also at Jericho Ford, and in several engage- 
 ments, and has lost severely. Among the killed are Captains 
 S. B. David and R. A. Holt, and Lieutenants Pay:erson and 
 Chapman. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel Lester has been promoted to Colonel ; 
 Major Goldsmith to Lieutenant Colonel, and Captain C. C. Kelly 
 to JSIajor ; Lieutenant Ryles to Captain, also Lieutenants Rogers 
 ^nd Eaves ; Lieutenants McAfee and Goldsmith promoted. 
 Captain Clegg retired on account of disability, and Lieutenant 
 Hicks promoted to Captain; Lieutenants McVay and Lumley 
 promoted. Captain Smith was retired, and Lieutenant Perry 
 promoted to Captain ; D. H. McLendon to First Lieutenant, and 
 J. W. Jones to'Brevet Second Lieutenant. Adjutant Taliaferro 
 was retired, and Captain T. C. Moore, formerly Assistant Com- 
 missary of Subsistence of the regiment was appointed Adjutant. 
 
 Among the heroes of this gallant regiment I present the name 
 of J. RuFcs Kklly, of Company B, from Wilkinson county. 
 During the engagement at Jericho Ford, one of the regiments of 
 this brigade suddenly giving way, caused such confusion in the 
 Fourteenth that it was ordered back, when young Kelly, but 
 eighteen years of age, seeing them falling bark in disorder, and 
 thiuking it was a panic, suddenly rushed forward about thirty 
 
166 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 yards in front of the regiment, his rifle in his left hand, his hat 
 swinging over his head in the right, he called upon the regiment 
 to sttind; but they heeded him not, and proudly refusing to fol- 
 low the regiment, he joined another brigade as a volunteer and 
 \^ent into the fight, but had har«lly become engaged when he 
 received a wound in his leg which necessitated immediate ampu- 
 tation. He little knew that at the distance of scarce a mile, the 
 body of his Colonel (Folsom) was being borne to a 'southern 
 grave ; that Colonel, who, at Cedar Run, had set him an exam- 
 ple which at Jericho Ford he had so nobly followed. 
 
 Henry and Solomon GtOodman, two young German brothers 
 of Company B, deserve a special notice ; not only for bravery 
 and coolness when in action, but for their loyalty to their adopted 
 country, under circumstances which would try the loyaUy of 
 almost any one who have not that devoted love of country which 
 only birth can give. The families of these youths have cruelly 
 deserted them and gone North, carrying with them all the pro- 
 perty left in their keeping by these boys, and left them to their 
 fate. Their coolness and courage is proverbial in the Fourteenth 
 G-eorgia ; and although no particular act of courage can be spe- 
 cified, still it is a pleasure to honor and praise where honor and 
 praise are ^ue. 
 
EIGHTEENTH BATTALION 
 
 GEORGIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 (SAVANNAH VOLUNTEER GUARDS.) 
 
 STATISTICAL REPORT. 
 
 Number of men originaHy enlisted, .... 279 
 Kumbec of volunteer recruits, (no conscripts) . 177 
 
 Total strength, 456 
 
 LOSSES. 
 
 Number bf men killed in action, 8 
 
 Number of men died of disease 20 
 
 Total deaths, * . 28 
 
 Number of men discharged, ...... 60 
 
 Number of men deserted, ...... 23 
 
 Nimiber of men transferred 48 
 
 Total loss, 169 
 
 Number of men wounded in action, .... 8 
 
 The P2ighteenth Battalion of Georgia Volunteers is a volunteer 
 corps of the city of Savannah, and was organized in the year 
 1802, and was known as the Savannah Volunteer Guards. 
 
 When it was deemed advisable by the Governor of Georgia to 
 take possession of Fort Pulaski, the Guards, then a single 
 company, was a part of the force designated for that purpose. 
 They were commanded by Captain John Screven. The detach- 
 ment consisted V>esides this company, of the Oglethorpe Light 
 Infantry, Captain V. S. Bartow, and the Chatham Artillery, 
 Captain J. S. Claghorn. All these companies then belonged to 
 the First Volunteer Regiment, commanded by Colonel A. R. 
 Lawton, who was in command of the expedition. 
 
 Fort Pulaski continued to be garrisoned by the volunteer 
 troops of Savannah until it was turned over to the Confederate 
 goveniment^ — the different companies alternating, two or three 
 at a time, in performing that duty. During this interval the 
 
158 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 Guards organized a second company. For a long- time even 
 before a spark of war appeared, the accessions to their ranks 
 had been so numerom?, that it became evident that it would be 
 necessary to expand their organization. On their second tour of 
 duty at the Fort, they went with two companies so large that 
 they alone were considered suffiifient for its garrison. 
 
 When it appeared that war was inevitable, and the government 
 began to erect fortifications upon the coast, the volunteer troops 
 of Savannah were called u\mn to enter the service of the 
 Confederacy for short periods of time. The Guards were 
 enlisted June lst»1861, for two months, — Company A, Captain 
 John Screven; Company B, Captain A. C. Davenport. The 
 battalion, under command of Captain Screven, was ordered on 
 duty at Thunderbolt battery, about five miles from Savannah, 
 where it remained during the whole period of its enlistment. 
 
 The two companies were^, again mustered into service for she 
 months from September lst,.1861, and ordered to duty at Forfc 
 Screven on Green Island, near the mouth of the Great Ogechee. 
 This was a heavy battery of ten guns, including some of the 
 greatest calibre then known in the service. Here both officers and 
 men acquired a considerable degree of skill as artillerists, which 
 influenced in a very great degree the character of their subsequent 
 service. At this place the companies numbered over one him- 
 dred men each; Company A was commanded by Lieutenant 
 Basinger, Company B, by Lieutenant Stiles. Captain Screven 
 commanded the whole. Long before the expiration of this 
 period of enlistment, it had become evident that the Confederacy 
 had embarked in a war, of which the termination could not be 
 foreseen. Both officers and men, therefore, determined to enlist 
 at once for the war, whatever might be its duration ; and they 
 did so on March 1st, 1862. 
 
 Up to this time the two companies had continued to belong to 
 the First Volunteer Regiment of Ge'orgia* above referred to ; 
 but it was generally desired in the command that it should 
 constitute an independent organization. The number of men 
 disposed to enlist for the war at this 1;ime, was not sufficient for 
 more than three companies ; but the consent of the Confederate 
 authorities to receive these as a battalion had been obtained, and 
 
 *TMs regiment was formed before the war, and composed entirely of volun- 
 teer companies of Savannali. It had no connection whatever with the First 
 Georgia Regiment whose history commences this work. 
 
EIGHTEENTH GEORGIA BATTALION. 159 
 
 there seemed no reason to doubt tliat they would increase in 
 size, so as to permit the organization of other companies from 
 time to time; therefore the Guards took their place in the line 
 of the Confederaie army, as a battalion commanded by Major 
 John Screven. 
 
 The officers of Company A were ('aptain W. -S. Basinger, 
 First Lieutenant T. F. Screven, Second Lieutenants W. H. King 
 and F. Tupper. 
 
 The officers of C'ompany B were Captain George W. Stiles, 
 First Lieutenant E. Padelford, Jr., Second Lieutenants E. A. 
 Castelaw and George 1). Smith. 
 
 The officers of Company C were Captain G. C. Rice, First 
 Lieutenant G. M. Turner, Second Lieutenants J. R. Dillon and 
 E. lilois. 
 
 It would be unjust not to state that the rank and file were 
 largely recruited from several of the counties on the Savannah 
 and Albany, and Atlantic and Gulf railroads, which furnished 
 some of the very best soldiers in the battalion. The battalion 
 did not at this time receive its number, but continued to be 
 known for several months by its original name. It was not until 
 December, 1862, that it was officially styled the Eighteenth 
 Georgia Battalion. 
 
 The battalion, having been allowed a respite of thirty days, 
 reassembled under orders on the 1st of April, 1862, for its final 
 entrance upon service. Its first post was at Fort Boggs, which 
 guards the left flank of the defences of Savannah. The armament 
 of this jtlace consisted of two mortars, ten heavy guns and six 
 field pieces. The battalion rctnained at this post until July, 
 1863, that is, its duty was at that point; but so insalubrious was 
 climate and air during the greater ])art of the summer, at this 
 locality, that it was necessary to remove the troops, sometimes 
 to the city itself, and once to the Isle of Hope, about ten miles 
 from the city. The summer of 1862, the greater part of which 
 was spent at Fort linggs, reduced the command greatly. As 
 many as one hundred and forty, out of an aggregate of not more 
 than two hundred and fifty present, were borne on the wick 
 report fi>r several days. The well were only nominally no. 
 Exhausted by agues and malarial fever* of every tyj>e, they were 
 in constant expectation of the recurrence of disease. It is 
 believed that but one person in the whole command escaped 
 sickness. It was over twelve months before the cflTects of this 
 
160 HEROES. AND MARTYRS OF GEORGIA. 
 
 summer could be said to have disappeared. At different times 
 Lieutenant Padelford, a most valuable and highly esteemed 
 officer, and a number of the best Hon-commissioned officers and 
 soldiers fell victims. 
 
 May 10th, 1863, the services of Major Screven being required 
 to conduct the Savannah and Albany, and Atlantic and Gulf 
 railroads of which he had been several years president, he resigned 
 his commission, and Captain Basinger succeeded to the com- 
 mand of the battalion. In Company A, Lieutenant Screven 
 became Captain ; Second Lieutenant King, First Lieutenant; and 
 Sergeant P. N. Raynal was elected Junior Second Lieutenant. 
 In Company B, by the death of Lieutenant Padelford on June 7th, 
 1863, Lieutenant Castelaw became First Lieutenant; and some 
 time afterwards Lieutenant W. E. Gue, previously a sergeant of 
 that company, was elected to the junior commission. In June 
 of that year Major Basinger was sent with his own command 
 and Maxwell's Battery of light artillery, to meet an expected 
 descent of the enemy on the coast of Glynn county, Georgia. 
 After the lapse of several weeks, the enemy not appearing, the 
 command was ordered back to Savannah. At this time the 
 battalion was attached to the brigade of General W. B. Taliaferro. 
 
 On the 9th of July a detachment of Taliaferro's Brigade, 
 consisting of the Thirty-second Georgia Regiment, Colonel 
 Harrison ; four companies of the First Volunteer Regiment of 
 Georgia, Colonel Olmstead ; the Twelfth Georgia Battalion, 
 Lieutenant Cdlonel Capers ; and the Eighteenth Georgia Bat- 
 talion, Major Basinger, was sent to Charleston, South Carolina, 
 in consequence of movements of the enemy against Morris 
 Island. They did not arrive in time to participate in the 
 misfortunes of the 10th of July, when the Federals defeated our 
 troops on the east end of the island, and gained a footing there 
 in force. It arrived at Battery Wagner, however, about midnight 
 of that day, except the Thirty-second Georgia Regiment, which 
 had beeii left on James Island. 
 
 The troops composing the detachment had hardly been posted 
 and. lain down to seek some repose, when they were aroused to 
 meet the attack made on the morning of the 11th. Battery 
 Wao'uer was constructed with a bastioned front toward the east. 
 The bastion on the right was covered by a piece of marsh, very 
 "boggy and ovei-flowed by every tide. An attack from the front 
 must, therefore, ,have first fallen upon the bastion on the left, 
 
EIGdTEENTH GEORGIA BATTALION, 161 
 
 which became by these circnmstances, the most advanced post 
 of the fort. It was the fortune of the Eighteenth BattalioD to 
 be posted in this bastion. The firing of our pickets as they were 
 driven in by the enemy, brought the whole garrison to the 
 ramparts. In the earliest dim light of the morning, the dark 
 masses of the enemy could be descried advancing swiftly to the 
 assault. As soon as they came within easy range, a rapid and 
 destructive fire was opened upon them. After several desperate 
 efforts to establish themselves, they were repulsed, and literally 
 ran out of our fire. In this their first encounter with the enemy, 
 the Eighteenth conducted itself with great steadiness and cour- 
 age, and its loss in killed* and wounded was greater than that of 
 all the rest of the garrison. The loss of the enemy amounted to 
 three hundred and thirty-two in killed, besides the wounded and 
 prisoners who fell into our hands. 
 
 From the 11th until the 18th the command remained at 
 Battery Wagner, taking its full share of all duty and labor, and 
 enduring all the hardships, privations and sufferings peculiar 
 to the place, with unfailing cheerfulness. To appreciate what 
 merit there was in this cheerfulness, it must be remembered that 
 they were shut up in a fort of sand, without other shelter from 
 the beams of an almost tropical sun, than an ill ventilated 
 bomb-proof, into which from eight hundred to one thousand 
 men were packed all day, and being in receipt of a perfect storm 
 of shells from the enemy's ships and batteries, and of balls from 
 his sharpshooters. There being no means of cooking provisions, 
 the men had to eat them raw, having at the same time but a 
 scanty supply of brackish water collected from holes scooped in 
 the sand, and with no opportunity of obtaining rest, except at 
 the imminent peril of life or limb. 
 
 The course pursued for the relief of the garrison, was to 
 remove it at stated intervals, the worn out troops be»:ig with- 
 drawn to James Island, Mount Pleasant or the city for rest and 
 refreshment. But it was rest only in name, for they were called 
 on for heavy details to work on new fortifications and to move 
 heavy guns, and were compelled, when tired nature required itB 
 groat rfstoror sleep, to lie on our arms and in rank nearly every 
 night, in readiness to repel expected attacks. Under this plan 
 of arrangements the Eighteenth Battalion took three tours of 
 duty at Battery Wagner during the siege, each fimilar in most 
 particulars of toil and danger to the one described above. Several 
 
 U 
 
162 HEROES AND MARTYRS OF GE(7RGIA, 
 
 valuable and faithful lives were lost during our stay at Battery 
 Wagner. On the 10th of September, 1863, the battalion was 
 ordered to Battery Marion on Sullivan's Island, immediately 
 adjacent to Fort Moultrie. Here it remained until late in May, 
 1864, bearing its full share in the incessant cannonade with which 
 Charleston harbor resounded. The battalion was at this point 
 engaged exclusively on artillery duty. 
 
 On the 18th of May, 1864, Major Basinger having received 
 orders to proceed with his command to Richmond, the battalion 
 left Battery Marion and took the route for Virginia, where it 
 was assigned to duty at Mattox, on the Richmond and Danville 
 railroad, to repel raiding parties of the enemy's cavalry, where 
 it remains and is stationed at the present writing. 
 BATTALION AND COMPANY OFFICERS. 
 
 FIELD AND STAFF. 
 
 Major "W, S. Basinger, Commanding. 
 First. Lieutenant E. P. Starr, Adjutant. 
 Captain R. H, Footman, Assistant Quartermaster. 
 Gt. W. Coxwell, Assistant Surgeon. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Captain T. F. Screven. 
 First Lieutenant W. H. King. 
 Second Lieutenant F. Tupper. 
 Second Lieutenant P. N. Raynal. 
 
 COMPAiSrY B. 
 
 Captain G. "W. Stiles. 
 First Lieutenant G. D. Smith. 
 Second Lieutenant W. E. Gue. 
 Second Lieutenant W. D. Grant. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Captain G. C. Rice. 
 First Lieutenant G. M. Turner. 
 Second Lieutenant J. R. Dillon. 
 Second Lieutenant E. Blois. 
 
 PRESENT STRENGTH OF BATTALION. 
 
 Officers. Unlisted. 
 
 Field and staff, .4 4 
 
 Company A, 4 97 
 
 Company B 4 89 
 
 Company C, 4 90 
 
 Total, 16 280 
 
 — _ _ . ,^ 
 
 Errata, — On page 123, fifth line from top, for tkis read " his." Same page, 
 itenth line from top, for Captain WiUiam Arnold, read Captain William 
 "' 2^<jiriBoodJ' • 
 
ADDENDUM. 
 
 In closing up the First Volume of " Heroes and Martyrs of 
 Georgia," <fcc., I desire to make a few explanations regarding 
 the contents of the forthcoming volumes. I had hoped to be 
 enabled to publish the Statistical and Historical Record of each 
 Regiment from Georgia in four volumes; but learning from 
 experience that the space allotted to each regiment is altogether 
 too meagre, I have resolved to double the space allowed, that is, 
 to fill up to twenty pages the record o^ each command, and add 
 either to the size of the volumes or increase their number to six. 
 
 The greater portion of my MSS. having been either carried 
 off, or destroyed by the Federals in their march through Georgia, 
 I will be (impelled to revisit the army, and re-collect the mate- 
 rial to complete ray work. 
 
 To those gentlemen who have retained copies of the record of 
 their commands, I would respectfully request that they would 
 forward them to me by mail ; and to those who have failed to 
 furnish me with any rep-^rts, I would say, that I should feel 
 grateful to them if they would make them out and forward them 
 to me. 
 
 I have remarked in my preface, that it was to me a bitter 
 disappointnj^nt in failing to obtain more names of those who 
 deserve a nation's praise to place on record, and I would again 
 request that I may be furnishea with the name of every man, 
 living or dead, who has by any particular act of h< -oism gained 
 a fame in his command. 
 
 I will here state, that the elegant tribute to the memory of 
 my brother, found in the history pf the Fourteenth Regiment, is 
 from the pen of his brother in arms, Captain T. C. Mot)KE, now 
 Adjutant of that regiment. 
 
 I would suggest to those gentlemen who have so kindly 
 assisted me in collecting the matter from which this work is 
 written, that they keep a record of .all casualties, «fec., occurring 
 in their respective comm.andB, also an account of all incidents of 
 heroism, and in fact, to keep a general commonplace book for 
 the benefit of the future historian of their comroanda. 
 
164 ADDENDUM. 
 
 The plan of my second volume will be nearly the same as 
 that of the first. The statistical matter will occupy the head of 
 each history, and I would desire that its style should resemble 
 that of the Third Georgia Regiment. 
 
 Having lost the record of every regiment which has been 
 forwarded to me from Hood's array, I cannot promise that the 
 history of any regiment in that army will appear in the second 
 volume, but I will try and devote the third volume exclusively 
 to them. 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
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