JRE H t HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, OHIO. CONTAINING A History of the County ; its Townships, Cities, Towns, Schools, Churches, etc, ; General and Local Statistics; Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men ; History of The Northwest Territory; History of Ohio; Map of Montgomery County ; Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneous Matters, etc., etc. ILLTTSTIR^-TIEID. CHICAGO: W. H. BEERS & CO. 1882. „7 1 ' PREFACE. T HE province of the historian is to gather the threads of the past ere they elude forever his grasp, and weave them into a harmonious web to which the art preservative may give immortality. Therefore, he who would rescue from fast-gathering oblivion the deeds of a community and send them on to futurity in an imperishable record should deliver “a plain, unvarnished tale.” In such a spirit have the compilers of the following pages approached’ the work of detailing the history embodied herein, and trust they have been fairly faithful to the task imposed. It has been our honest endeavor to trace the history of the development of this section from that period when it was in the undisputed possession of the red man to the present, and to place before the reader an authentic narrative of its rise and progress to the prominent position it now occupies among the counties of Ohio. That such an undertaking is attended with no little difficulty and vexation, none will deny. The aged pioneer relates events of the early settlements, while his neighbor sketches the same events with totally different outlines. With these the historian has to contend; and, while it has been our aim to compile an accurate history, were it devoid of all inaccuracies, that perfection would have been attained of which the publishers had not the faintest conception, and which Macaulay once said never could be reached. From State, county, township, town and village records, printed publica- tions, family manuscripts and innumerable private sources of information, as well as from the testimony of living witnesses, we have endeavored to produce a history which should prove accurate, instructive and worthy of the county represented. The compass of the work is wide, extending over a long period of time, embracing the accounts of early explorers; also reaching back among the leg- ends of the past, and approaching the events of to-day by a series of chapters giving the exploration, settlement and gradual development of this portion of the Miami Valley. The general history of the county up to and including Chapter XII, the article on the Mexican war in chapter XIII, and the first five chapters on the city of Dayton, were written by Ashley Brown. The balance of Chapter XIII, with all of the chapters up to and including Chapter XXII of the county history, are from the pens of R. C. Brown, F. E. Weakley, G. A. Graham, P. A. Durant and Damon Clarke, the same writers furnishing from Chapter VI to Chapter XII inclusive, of the city of Dayton, with the exception of Chapter VIII, con- taining the history of education, which was contributed by Robert W. Steele, to whom more than to any other citizen of Montgomery County are we indebted for invaluable aid in the compilation of this work. The article on Raper Chapel, in Chapter VII, of the city of Dayton, was kindly furnished by Hon. Henderson Elliott, while that on the German Baptist Church, included in Chapter XXI of the general history, was written by Rev. Samuel Kinsey. The histories of the several townships were contributed by the following PREFACE. gentlemen: Washington Township, by Joseph Nutt; German, by Rev. J. P. Hentz; Randolph, by E. F. Warner; Wayne, by Henry Guppy; Clay, by Dr. Christopher Gish; Miami, by Jacob Zimmer; while Jefferson, Madison, Jack- son, Perry, Butler, Harrison, Mad River and Van Buren were written by F. E. Weakley, G. A. Graham, R. C. Brown and A. P. Steele. In our efforts to col- lect reliable data, we have at all times met with the earnest co-operation of your people, and to the ministers of the many religious denominations, to the mem- bers of the several professions, to the manufacturers, merchants, State, county and city officials and intelligent citizens throughout this section of the Miami Valley, we return our sincere thanks for the valuable assistance rendered us from the inception of our work in 1880, until its completion in 1882. THE PUBLISHERS. CONTENTS BOOK I. PART FIRST. HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. Page. Geographical Position 19 Early Explorations 20 Discovery of the Ohio 32 English Explorations and Settle- Page. ments 34 American Settlements 59 Division of the Northwest Terri- tory 65 Page. Tecumseh and the War of 1812 69 Black Hawk and the Black Hawk War 73 PART SECOND. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Page. History of Ohio 93 French History 96 Ordinance of 1787, No. 32 105 The War of 1812 122 Banking 126 The Canal System 128 Ohio Land Tracts 129 Improvements 132 State Boundaries 136 Page. Organization of Counties 137 Description of Counties 137 Early Events 137 Governors of Ohio 160 Ancient Works 174 Some General Characteristics 177 Outline Geology of Ohio 179 Ohio’s Rank During the War 182 Page. A Brief Mention of Prominent Ohio Generals 191 Some Discussed Subjects 196 Conclusion 200 Comments upon the Ordinance of 1787, from the Statutes of Ohio, Edited by Salmon P. Chase, and Published in the year 1833 204 BOOK II. PART FIRST. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. PAGE. CHAPTER I. — TJie Mound Builders — Earthworks, and Evidences of Antiquity — Location of Mounds in Montgomery County — Title to Lands in the Northwest — Indian Title to Ohio Valley and Low&r Lake Region — The French Title — The English Title — French-English War for Posses- sion — English Acquire Po-session — Expeditions into the Indian Country — Northwest Territory in Control of the British in 1775 — But Indians had not Ceded any their Rights — George Rogers Clark’s Expedition to Illinois — Fort McIntosh and Laurens — Great Britain’s Quitclaim to Lands Northwest of the Ohio 215 — 223 CHAPTER II. — The Miami Valley — Military Events that Influenced its Settlement — The Common Hunting Grounds for the Tribes — Description of Streams, Hills and Bottoms — Colonists Pushing Through to the West — Capt. Bullit— Indian Alarm and Hostilities— Col. Bowman's Expedi- tion to Old Chillicothe — Speedy Retaliation — Hard Winter of 1780 — Location of the Ohio Tribes — Their Strength — Noted Chieftains — In- dian Village Life — Manners, Customs and Con- ditions — Hunting, Trapping, Fishing — War Par- ties — Cruelties 224 — 241 CHAPTER III. — Kentucky Pioneers — Col. Byrd’s Expedition Against Them — Clark Destroys In- dian Villages on Little Miami and Mad River — Col. Broadhead’s Expedition — Col. Lochry Am- bushed — Williamson — Crawford’s Defeat and Death — Battle of Blue Licks — Skirmish at the Mouth of Mad River — Indian Towns, Crops and Supplies Destroyed at Piqua and Loramie — Mouth of Mad River Selected in 1782 for Settlement — Fort Harmar and Fort Finney Built — Clark and the Shawnees at Fort Finney — Logan Destroys Mackacheek Towns — Virginia Cedes Northwest Territory to United States — Indian Treaties — United States Title Perfected — Location of Lora- mie’s Store and Fort Loramie — Standing Stone Forks of Miami 242—253 CHAPTER IV. — Northwest Territory July 4, 1786 — Territorial Officers in 1787 — Gov. St. Clair at Fort Harmar — Washington County — Pioneer Thanks- giving — The Symmes Purchase — Columbia — The Cincinnati Settlement — North Bend — The Mad River Country — Details of Progress — Fort Wash- ington — Hamilton County — Indian Troubles — Harmar’s Expedition — Indians at Dunlap’s Sta- tion — St. Clair’s Defeat — Wilkinson’s Expedition — Gen. Anthony Wayne — His Advance in 1793 — Victory at Fallen Timbers, 1794 — Winter Quar- ters ; Winter of 1794-95 254—267 VI CONTENTS. PAGE. CHAPTER V. — Wayne’s Treaty — Squatters — Pur- chase of Lands at Mouth of Mad ltiver — Survey- ing Parties- Dayton Platted — Drawing Lota — Formation of Colony — First Settlers — Their Jour- ney Through the Woods —Arrival by River — Biographical Sketches — Topograph cal — Dayton Township — Tax Assessment, 1798 — Township Af- fairs to 1803 — Ohio Becomes a State — The Name — State Boundaries— Montgomery County — Gen. Richard Montgomery — The Original Townships — Enumeration 268 — 287 CHAPTER VL — First Settlements — Emigrant Set- tlors — In the Clearings — Cabins and Cabin Life — The Squatter Settlements — Tomahawk Rights — Discouraged Squatters — Order ot Township Settlements — Farming — Food — Cabin Affairs Stock — Sugar Camps — Mills — Log Rollings — Weddings 288 — 300 CHAPTER VII. — The County Seat— County Court — The Log Jail — Elections of 1803 — First Commis- sioners — Tax Duplicate, 1804 — 1804 and 1805 — Randolph Township — Jefferson Township — The Brick Court House— Schools — Division of Montgomery County — Roads — Fruits — Whisky — Indian Summer — Hunting and Trapping — 1808 — Madison Township — Militia — First County Co n v e n tio n — W ay n e To w u sh i p — 1 8 0-1 1 — First Stone Jail —Earthquakes — Influential Men of the County — War Times 301-318 CHAPTER VIII.— War of 1812 319-340 CHAPTER IX — Germantown — Jackson Township — Fatmersville — Aloxandersville — Whisky Tax — Improved Stock — Liberty — Union — Little York — County Building — Market Rates— Butler Township — Chumbersburg — Vandalia — Miamis- PAGB burg — Perry Township — New Lebanon — Johns- ville — Notes — Sunbury — Clay Township — Phil- li psbu rg — A rl i n g ton — W est Bal ti more — Brook- vi le — County Infirmary — Miami Township — Carrollton — Miami Canal — Events of 1833 to 1841 Division of Dayton Townshiy — Harrison Town- ship — Mad River Township — Van Bureu Town- ship — Beavertown — Turnpikes 341-350 CHAPTER X. — Log Cabin Settlers — D. C. Cooper — Robert Edgar — Maj. George Adams — Dr. John Hole — Zachariah Hole — Aaron Nutt — Daniel Hoover 351-368 CHAPTER XI. — New Comers — Judge Joseph H. Cran< j — Col. Robert Patterson 369-378 CHAPTER XII. — Philip Gunkel — Henry Brown — Jonathan Harshman — H. G. Phillips 379-393 CHAPTER XIII.— The Mexican War— 1847 to 1861 — The War of the Rebellion — Events in Military Circles since 1865 394-434 CHAPTER XIV —The Soldiers’ Home 435-447 CHAPTER XV. — Geology of Montgomery County 448-461 CHAPTER XVI. — County Buildings— Railroads. ..462-469 CHAPTER XVII. — Bench and Bar of Montgomery County 470-491 CHAPTER XVIII — Medical Societies 492-497 CHAPTER XIX. — Montgomery County Bible Society — Sabbath School Union 498-501 CHAPTER XX. — Agriculture — Horticulture — Pio- neer Association — Farmers’ Club ^...502-510 CHAPTER XXT. — Insane Asylum — Infirmary — Children’s Home — Women’s Christian Associa- tion — German Baptists — Gypsies 511-534 CHAPTER XXII.— County Officers— Statistics.... 535-542 PAhT SECOND. CITY OF DAYTON. PAGE. CHAPTER I. — Selecting the Site — Purchase of 1789 — The Proprietors in 1795 — The Plat — Arrival of First Settlers — Dayton Pioneers — Three First Cabins — Topographical — Discouragements — Im- provements — The Hamlet — Block House and School — First Dayton Baby — Cabin Meeting House and Burying Ground — Flat Boating Trade — Skiu Currency — Indian Trading — Titles and Change of Plat — The Old Tavern — Population Reduced 547-558 CHAP T E R 1 1. — The Village — Incorporated- Changes — Flood of 1805 — Indian Graves — First Newspaper — The Academy — First Brick Resi- dence — Business in 1808 — The Doctors — Public Vendue — Mail Routes — Divorce — Town Election — Mannfictures — Ferries — The Town Plats — United States Patents to Cooper — Fourth of July, 18l)9 — St. John’s Lodge — Boating up the Miami — A Trip East — Teaming — The Town in 1810-1811 — Mob — Celebrations — War of 1812 — Mechanical Society — Real Estate 559-569 CHAPTER III. -The Bank — Shows, 1815 — Female Bible Society' — Cabin town — Rattlesnake — Com- mons — Bucklot — Market House — Wagon Rates — Rival Societies — Mad River Bridge — Bridge Street Bridge — Breweries — Town Election, 1816 — Freighting up the River — Medical Society — Sunday Schools — Camp Meeting — Stage Lines — Boating South — New Year’s Ball — Scarcity of Money — Compton’s Tavern — Sickly Season — Hanging of McAfee — Mails — 1825 to 1829 — Day- ton and the Canal.. 570-581 CHAPTER I V.— Charter Amended — Licenses — Town Boundaries 1829 — The Five Wards — Elections 1820 to 1841 inclusive — Caual and Other Statis- tics — Cholera — Seely’s Basin — Peasley’rf Garden — New Bridges — Cooper Hydraulic — Change of Mad River — Canal Extension — Dayton Hydraulic Company — Harrison Convention — Clay Conven- tion — City Charter — Markets — Scraps of History — Elections 1841 to 1853, inclusive — Statistics..582-594 CHAPTER Y. — Village Plats and other Localities — Mexicnn War — Flood of 1847 — The City in 1856 — Minor Events — Ceusus — Banks 595-603 CHAPTER VI.— Dayton Industrial Interests — Introduction — Car Works — Wood Working Es- tablishments — Agricultural Works — Carriages — Machine Shops, etc. — Mills— Brewers — Marble and Stone — Tobacco — Cracker Manufactories — Miscellaneous 604-637 CHAPTER VII. — Churches. — P resbyterian — Metho- dist — Baptist — Lutheran — United Brethren — Re- formed — Ch ristian — Du 1 1 kard — Hebrew — Metho- dist Protestant — Catholic — Y. M. C. A 638 — 682 CHAPTER VIII. — Educational — Introduction — Pub- lic Schools — German Schools — Night Schools — Colored Schools — Instruction in Music — High Schools — School Law — Superintendent of In- struction-Intermediate School — Normal School — Board of Examiners — Public Library — Free Night Industrial Schools — Statement of Superin- tendent of Penmanship — Cooper Academy — Catholic Schools — (Saint Emanuel’s — Saint Jo- seph’s — Saint Mary’s — Holy Trinity — Sisters of Notre Dame — Saint Mary’s Institute) — Commer- cial College 683 — 705 CHAPTER IX. — The Dayton Press. — P ioneer News- payers — The Dayton Journal — The Dayton Re- publican — The Dayton Democrat — The Dayton Whig and Miami Democrat — The Dayton Tran- script . — The Daily Day Ionian — The Dayton Tri- Weekly Bulletin — The Dayton Gazette — The Day- ton Daily and Weekly Volhzeilung — The Saturday People — The Daily and Weekly Herald — The Mi- ami Valley Courier — The Vindicator — Christ Church Register — The Reformed Publishing House — The Religious Telescope — The United Brethren Publishing House — Christian Publishing House — Conclusion '. '. 706 — 724 CHAPTER X. — Secret Societies. — Masonic — Odd Fellows — Knights of Pythias — Ancient Order United Workmen — Order United American Me- chanics — Other Orders 725 — 735 CHAPTER XI. — Fire Protection — Water-Works — Board of Health — Police — Work-House — City Prison — Insurance — Street Railways — Dayton Gas, Light and Coke Company — Telegraphs. ..736 — 751 CHAPTER XII. — St. Elizabeth Hospital — Woodland Cemetery — Calvary Cemetery — Descriptive Re- view of the City of Dayton 752 — 760 CONTENTS. vii BOOK III. PART TOWNSHIP \ PAGE. Washington Township 3 Towns 16 Baptists 17 Old School Baptists 19 Universalists 19 Orthodox Friends 19 Washington Presbyterian Church 20 Methodist Episcopal Church 21 Conclusion 22 German Township 24 Twin Valley 24 Germantown 25 Sunsbury 26 Early Settlement 26 Brief Biographical Sketches of Pioneers 29 Churches 35 Sunday Schools . 44 Education 45 Institutions of a Higher Grade 46 Places of Sepulture 47 Newspapers and Printing 48 Manufactures 49 The Legal Profession 49 The Medical Profession 50 Justices of the Peace 51 Prominent Men 51 Statistics for the year 1881 53 Randolph Township 54 The First Settlement 55 Education 56 Manufacturing 56 Physicians 57 Officers of the Township, Etc 58 Roads 59 Churches 59 Secret Societies 62 Villages 62 Jefferson Township 65 Early Settlers and Settlements 66 Churches 70 School" 72 Early Enterprises 72 Graveyards 73 Towns and Villages 73 Madison Township 75 Pioneers 76 Early Enterprise 80 Churches 80 Schools 81 Villages 81 McAfee Murder 81 Wayne Township 82 Schools and Churches 86 Topography 88 Public Roads 90 Jackson Township 93 Early Settlements 94 Churches 98 Schools 99 Roads y9 Towns and Villages 100 FIRST. HISTORIES. PAGE. Butler Township 102 Early Settlement 103 Justices of the Peace 107 Schools 107 Churches and Graveyards 108 Mills, Distilleries, Etc 110 Villages Ill Stations 114 Perry Township 115 Early Settlers 118 Pyrmont 120 New Lebanon 121 Clay Township 122 Villages 127 Miami Township 132 Erection of Miami Township 136 Streams 138 Mill" 138 Agriculture 139 The Great Mound 139 Miami8burg 139 Shipping and Traveling Facilities 141 Manufacturing 141 Merchants 143 Postmasters 144 Public Houses 144 Banks 145 The Reformed Church 145 The Evangelical Lutheran Church 146 Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church 147 United Brethren 147 The Methodist Episcopal Church 147 The Catholic Church 148 Education 150 The Press 150 The Miamisburg Union 151 The Miamisburg Bulletin 151 The Miamisburg News 152 Alexanderville 152 Carrollton 153 Bridgeport 153 Cemeteries 154 Harrison Township 156 Mad River Township 163 Oakland 163 Pioneers 163 Mills and Distilleries 169 Graveyards 170 Schools 171 Churches 171 Military Camps 172 Township Officers 172 Justices of the Peace 172 Township Clerks 172 Township Treasurers 172 Van Buren Township 173 Shakertown 176 Davids’ Church 177 Beavertown 178 Mills 179 Topography, etc 179 Stone Quarries 181 PART SECOND. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. PAGE. Dayton 185 Washington Township 258 German Township 278 Randolph Township 294 Jefferson Township 310 Madison Township 319 Wayne Township 323 Jackson Township 337 PAGE. Butler Township 356 Perry Township 369 Clay Township 396 Miami Township 413 Harrison Township 426 Mad River Township 438 Van Buren Township 445 CONTENTS. viii PORTRAITS. PAGE. Dr. John Troon 213 Robert Bradford (deceased) 226 Samuel Wells 235 Joseph Nutt 246 John W. Turner 265 E. Shultz 266 George Bixler 275 Henry Becker 286 James H. Monger . 295 John Vance 306 John Sacksteder 315 Col eaten Sell wind 326 Jacob Stickle 335 Michael Schiml 345 Christian F. Bremer 355 Charles Burroughs 366 H. Wyatt, Sr 375 E. E. Barney (deceased) 546 Daniel Beckel (deceased) 553 William Dickey (deceased) 572 John Temple (deceased) 589 Henry Best (deceased) 608 M. P. Nolan 625 E. Bimm 644 P M Itchell 661 PAGB. E. H. Brownell 386 Samuel W. Hoover 406 John W. Gaines 407 E. Newcom (deceased) 418 Mrs. E. Newcom 419 Noah Coler 430 Mrs. Eliza A. Coler 431 J. M. Kelsey 442 Mrs. Mary Kelsey 443 William M. Kelsey 454 Mrs. Phebe Kelsey (deceased) 455 Samuel Weller 474 Mrs. Mary C. Weller 475 David Worman 494 Mrs. Susannah Worman 495 Robert Sloan 514 Mrs. Mary A. Sloan 515 J. J. Mcllhenny, M. D 680 John L. H. Frank 689 W. J. Shuey 700 John Rouzer 709 J. E. Lowes 720 Samuel A. Dickey (deceased) 729 H. C. Eversole 740 MISCELLANEOUS. PAGE. Map of Montgomery County 14, 15 Constitution of the United States 79 Population of the United States 203 Area of the United States 203 Area of the Principal Countries in the World 203 PAGE. Population of the Principal Countries in the World.. 203 Population of Ohio 202 Population of Montgomery County 539 Business References 456 I JLIiUSTIt ATIO NS. Source of the Mississippi 22 La Salle Landing on the Shores of Green Bay 24 Buffalo Hunt 26 Trapping 28 Mouth of the Mississippi 31 High Bridge 33 Pontiac, the Ottawa Chieftain 42 Indians Attacking Frontiersmen 55 Present site Lake Street Bridge, Chicago, in 1833 58 Pioneer Dwelling 60 Lake Bluff. 62 Tecumseh, the Shawnee Chieftain 68 Indians Attacking a Stockade 71 Black Hawk, the Sac Chieftain 74 Perry’s Monument, Cleveland * 91 Niagara Falls 92 PART FIRST. ■I I The Northwest Territory. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern limits of the United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi River ; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the “New Northwest,” in contradistinction from the old “Northwestern Territory. ” In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, w r ith an aggregate popula- tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of the entire population of the United States. Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent flow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent on the globe. For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United States. ( 19 ) 20 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. EARLY EXPLORATIONS. In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by DeSoto’s defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer took advantage of these discoveries. In 1616, four years before the pilgrims “ moored their bark on the wild New England shore,” Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary, below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent result; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac. During M. Talon’s explorations and Marquette’s residence at St. Ignatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied —as all others did then — that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God’s children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 21 request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his king\ and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe- dition, prepared for the undertaking. On the 13th of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist- ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade them from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But, nothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which the salvation of souls was involved ; and having prayed together they separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox River and Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar- quette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in giving them an abundant “ chase.” This was the farthest outpost to which Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the year. previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake. He assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to Joliet, said: “ My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun- tries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths of the Gospel.” Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to witness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet ventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage, returned. The explorers launched their canoes upon the Wisconsin, which they descended to the Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown waters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck out into the broadening current and became conscious that they were now upon the bosom of the Father of Waters. The mystery was about to be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is beautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been clad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of 22 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. Nature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand “ reminded them of the castled shores of their own beautiful rivers of France.” By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared on the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a country of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab- itants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas- tidious cultivation of lordly proprietors. SOURCE OF THE MISSISSIPPI. j On J une 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon the sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the boat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a village on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a half league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most hospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a white person. After remaining a few days they re-embarked and descended the river to about latitude 33°, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being satisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 23 up the river, and ascending the stream to the mouth of the Illinois, rowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides from that point to the lakes. “ Nowhere on this journey,” says Marquette, “ did we see such grounds, meadows, woods, stags, buffaloes, deer, wildcats, bustards, swans, ducks, parroquets, and even beavers, as on the Illinois River.” The party, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and reported their discovery — one of the most important of the age, but of which no record was preserved save Marquette’s, Joliet losing his by the upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward Marquette returned to the Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them until 1675. On the 18th of May, in that year, as he was passing the mouth of a stream — going with his boatmen up Lake Michigan — he asked to land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe, he retired a short distance and began his devotions. As much time passed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found him upon his knees, dead. He had peacefully passed away while at prayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place fifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving the beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been called Marquette. While Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in the West, two men, differing widely from him and each other, tvere pre- paring to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun by him. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin. After La Salle’s return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see the narrative elsewhere), he established himself again among the French trading posts in Canada. Here he mused long upon the pet project of those ages — a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an expedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific, when Marquette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind of LaSalle received from his and his companions’ stories the idea that by fol- lowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous western tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to Frontenac, Governor General of Canada, and laid before him the plan, dim but gigantic. Frontenac entered warmly into his plans, and saw that LaSalle’s idea to connect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf of Mexico would bind the country so wonderfully together, give un- measured power to France, and glory to himself, under whose adminis- tration he earnestly hoped all would be realized. LaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who warmly approved of them, and made him a Chevalier. He also received from all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Chev- 24 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY, alier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at once rebuilt Fort Frontenac and constructed the first ship to sail on these fresh- water seas. On the 7th of August, 1679, having been joined by Hennepin, he began his voyage in the Griffin up Lake Erie. He passed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St. Clair and into Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were some time at Michillimaekinac, where LaSalle founded a fort, and passed on to Green Bay, the “ Baie des Puans ’’ of the French, where he found a large quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with these, and placing her under the care of a, pilot and fourteen sailors, LA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OF GREEN BAY. started her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward heard of. He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear- ing nothing from the Griffin, he collected ail the men — thirty working men and three monks — and started again upon his great undertaking. By a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, called by the Indians, “Theakeke,” wolf, because of the tribes of Indians called by that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling there. The French pronounced it Kialciki, which became corrupted to Kankakee. “Falling down the said river by easy journeys, the better to observe the country," about the last of December they reached a village of the Illi- nois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 25 no inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuffs, took advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a suffi- ciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes under the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored, the voyagers again betook themselves to the stream, and toward evening, on the 4th day of January, 1680, they came into a lake which must have been the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Pim-i-te-wi , that is, a place where there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met with in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent some time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that place, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were trying to disturb the good feeling which existed, and some of his men were disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel. He called this fort “ Crevecceur ” (broken-heart), a name expressive of the very natural sorrow and anxiety which the pretty certain loss of his ship, Griffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the part of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause him. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was placed in his food, but fortunately was discovered. While building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to look green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to return to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in the enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party to explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour- ney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and was successfully made, though over an almost unknown route, and in a bad season of the year. He safely reached Cana da, and set out again for the object of his search. Hennepin and his party left Fort Crevecoeur on the last of February, 1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition, he found the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to Canada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after leaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the icy stream as best he could, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River by the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a band of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen- nepin’s comrades were Anthony Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy- age they found several beautiful lakes, and “saw some charming prairies.'’ Their captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux nation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when they reached some falls, which Hennepin christened Falls of St. Anthony 26 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY in honor of his patron saint. Here they took the land, and traveling nearly two hundred miles to the northwest, brought them to their villages. Here they were kept about three months, were treated kindly by their captors, and at the end of that time, were met by a band of Frenchmen, BUFFALO HUNT. headed by one Seur de Luth, who, in pursuit of trade and game, had pene- trated thus far by the route of Lake Superior ; and with these fellow- countrymen Hennepin and his companions were allowed to return to the borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after LaSalle had returned to the wilderness on his second trip. Hennepin soon after went to France, where he published an account of his adventures. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 27 The Mississippi was first discovered by De Soto in April, 1541, in his vain endeavor to find gold and precious gems. In the following Spring, De Soto, weary with hope long deferred, and worn out with his wander- ings, fell a victim to disease, and on the 21st of May died. His followers, reduced by fatigue and disease to less than three hundred men, wandered about the country nearly a year, in the vain endeavor to rescue them- selves by land, and finally constructed seven small vessels, called brig- antines, in which they embarked, and descending the river, supposing it would lead them to the sea, in July they came to the sea (Gulf of Mexico), and by September reached the Island of Cuba. They were the first to see the great outlet of the Mississippi ; but, being so weary and discouraged, made no attempt to claim the country, and hardly had an intelligent idea of what they had passed through. To La Salle, the intrepid explorer, belongs the honor of giving the first account of the mouths of the river. His great desire was to possess this entire country for his king, and in January, 1682, he and his band of explorers left the shores of Lake Michigan on their third attempt, crossed the Portage, passed down the Illinois River, and on the 6th of February reached the banks of the Mississippi. On the 13th they commenced their downward course, which they pursued with but one interruption, until upon the 6th of March they dis- covered the three great passages by which the river discharges its waters into the gulf. La Salle thus narrates the event : “We landed on the bank of the most western channel, about three leagues (nine miles) from its mouth. On the seventh, M. de La Salle went to reconnoiter the shores of the neighboring sea, and M. de Tonti meanwhile examined the great middle channel. They found the main outlets beautiful, large and deep. On the eighth we reascended the river, a little above its confluence with the sea, to find a dry place beyond the reach of inundations. The elevation of the North Pole was here about twenty-seven degrees. Here we prepared a column and a cross, and to the column were affixed the arms of France with this inscription : “ Louis Le Grand, Roi de France et de Navarre, regne; Le neuvieme April, 1682.” The whole party, under arms, chanted the Te Deum , and then, after a salute and cries of “ Vive le Roi ,” the column was erected by M. de LaSalle, who, standing near it, proclaimed in a loud voice the authority of the King of France. La Salle returned and laid the foundations of the Mis- sissippi settlements in Illinois; thence he proceeded to France, where another expedition was fitted out, of which he was commander, and in two succeeding voyages failed to find the outlet of the river by sailing along the shore of the gulf. On the third voyage he was killed, through the 28 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. treachery of his followers, and the object of his expeditions was not accomplished until 1699, when D'Iberville, under the authority of the crown, discovered, on the second of March, by way of the sea, the mouth of the C1 Hidden River.” This majestic stream was called by the natives “ Malbouchia ,” and by the Spaniards, “ la Palissade ,” from the great r TRAPPING. number of trees about its mouth. After traversing the several outlets, and satisfying himself as to its certainty, he erected a fort near its western outlet, and returned to France. An avenue of trade was now opened out which was fully improved. In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colo- nists. In 1762, the colony was made over to Spain, to be regained by France under the consulate of Napoleon. In 1803, it was purchased by THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 29 the United States for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory of Louisiana and commerce of the Mississippi River came under the charge of the United States. Although LaSalle’s labors ended in defeat and death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country ; had established several ports, and laid the foundations of more than one settlement there. “ Peoria, Kaskaskia and Cahokia, are to this day monu- ments of LaSalle’s labors ; for, though he had founded neither of them (unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecoeur,) it was by those whom he led into the West that these places were peopled and civilized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored.” The French early improved the opening made for them. Before the year 1698, the Rev. Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois, and founded Kaskaskia. For some time this was merely a missionary station, where none but natives resided, it being one of three such vil- lages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. What is known of these missions is learned from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest, dated Aux Cascaskias, autrement dit de lTmmaculate Conception de la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712.” Soon after the founding of Kaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a, flock at Cahokia. while Peoria arose near the ruins of Fort Crevecoeur. This must have been about the year 1700. The post at Vincennes on the Oubache river, (pronounced Wa-ba, meaning summer cloud moving swiftly') was estab- lished in 1702, according to the best authorities.* It is altogether prob- able that on LaSalle’s last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia and Cahokia. In July, 1701, the foundations of Fort Ponchartrain were laid by De la Motte Cadillac on the Detroit River. These sta- tions, with those established further north, were the earliest attempts to occupy the Northwest Territory. At the same time efforts were being made to occupy the Southwest, which finally culminated in the settle- ment and founding of the City of New Orleans by a colony from England in 1718. This was mainly accomplished through the efforts of the famous Mississippi Company, established by the notorious John Law, who so quickly arose into prominence in France, and who with his scheme so quickly and so ignominiously passed away. From the time of the founding of these stations for fifty years the French nation were engrossed with the settlement of the lower Missis- sippi, and the war with the Chicasaws, who had, in revenge for repeated * There is considerable dispute about this date, some asserting it was founded as late as 1742. When the new court house at Vincennes was erected, all authorities on the subject were carefully examined, and r?02 fixed upon as the correct date. It was accordingly engraved on the corner-stone of the court house. 30 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. injuries, cut off the entire colony at Natchez. Although the company did little for Louisiana, as the entire West was then called, yet it opened the trade through the Mississippi River, and started the raising of grains indigenous to that climate. Until the year 1750, but little is known of the settlements in the Northwest, as it was not until this time that the attention of the English was called to the occupation of this portion of the New World, which they then supjiosed they owned. Vivier, a missionary among the Illinois, writing from “ Aux Illinois,” six leagues from Fort Chartres, June 8, 1750, says: “We have here whites, negroes and Indians, to say nothing of cross-breeds. There are five French villages, and three villages of the natives, within a space of twenty-one leagues situated between the Mississippi and another river called the Karkadaid (Kaskaskias). In the five French villages are, perhaps, eleven hundred whites, three hundred blacks and some sixty red slaves or savages. The three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all told. Most of the French till the soil; they raise wheat, cattle, pigs and horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can be consumed ; and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to New Orleans.” This city was now the seaport town of the Northwest, and save in the extreme northern part, where only furs and copper ore were found, almost all the products of the country found their way to France by the mouth of the Father of Waters. In another letter, dated Novem- ber 7, 1750, this same priest says: “For fifteen leagues above the mouth of the Mississippi one sees no dwellings, the ground being too low to be habitable. Thence to New Orleans, the lands are only partially occupied. New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I think, than twelve hundred persons. To this point come all lumber, bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins and bear’s grease ; and above all, pork and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans, plantations are again met with ; the most considerable is a colony of Germans, some ten leagues up the river. At Point Coupee, thirty-five leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther up is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison, who are kept prisoners through fear of the Chickasaws. Here and at Point Coupee, they raise excellent tobacco. Another hundred leagues brings us to the Arkansas, where we have also a fort and a garrison for the benefit of the river traders. * * * From the Arkansas to the Illinois, nearly five hundred leagues, there is not a settlement. There should be, however, a fort at the Oubache (Ohio), the only path by which the English can reach the Mississippi. In the Illinois country are numberless mines, but no one to THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY, 31 work them as they deserve.” Father Marest, writing from the post at Vincennes in 1812, makes the same observation. Vivier also says : “ Some individuals dig lead near the surface and supply the Indians and Canada. Two Spaniards now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are like those of Mexico, and that if we would dig deeper, we should find silver under the lead ; and at any rate the lead is excellent. There is also in this country, beyond doubt, copper ore, as from time to time large pieces are found in the streams.” MOUTH OP THE MISSISSIPPI. At the close of the year 1750, the French occupied, in addition to the lower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at the Maumee in the country of the Miamis, and one at Sandusky in what maybe termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the Northwest they had stations at St. Joseph’s on the St. Joseph’s of Lake Michigan, at Fort Ponchartrain (Detroit), at Michillimackanac or Massillimacanac, Fox River of Green Bay, and at SaultSte. Marie. The fondest dreams of LaSalle were now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of this vast realm, basing their claim on discovery and settlement. Another nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country, 32 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. and hearing of its wealth, began to lay plans for occupying it and for securing the great profits arising therefrom. The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the DISCOVERY OF THE OHIO. This “ Beautiful ” river was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La- Salle in 1669, four years before the discovery of the Mississippi by Joliet and Marquette. While LaSalle was at his trading post on the St. Lawrence, he found leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois. He not only desired to facilitate his intercourse in trade, but he longed to travel and explore the unknown regions of the West. An incident soon occurred which decided him to fit out an exploring expedition. While conversing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea, but at such a distance that it required eight months to reach its mouth. In this state- ment the Mississippi and its tributaries were considered as one stream. LaSalle believing, as most of the French at that period did, that the great rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to embark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continent to the commerce of China and Japan. He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Gov- ernor. His eloquent appeal prevailed. The Governor and the Intendant, Talon, issued letters patent authorizing the enterprise, but made no pro- vision to defray the expenses. At this juncture the seminary of St. Sul- pice decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition, and LaSalle offering to sell his improvements at LaChine to raise money, the offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred dollars were raised, with which LaSalle purchased four canoes and the necessary supplies for the outfit. On the 6th of July, 1669, the party, numbering twenty-four persons, embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence ; two additional canoes carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the bosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the Seneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present City of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disappointed. The Indians seemed unfriendly to the enterprise. LaSalle suspected that the Jesuits had prejudiced their minds against his plans. After waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 33 from the Iroquois colony at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them that they could there find guides, and offered to conduct them thence. On their way they passed the mouth of the Niagara River, when they heard for the first time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving HIGH BRIDGE, LAKE BLUFF, LAKE COUNTY, ILLINOIS. among the Iroquois, they met with a friendly reception, and learned from a Shawanee prisoner that they could reach the Ohio in six weeks. Delighted with the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume their journey ; but just as they were about to start they heard of the arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in the West. He 34 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. had been sent by the Canadian Government to explore the copper mines on Lake Superior, but had failed, and was on his way back to Quebec. He gave the missionaries a map of the country he had explored in the lake region, together with an account of the condition of the Indians in that quarter. This induced the priests to determine on leaving the expedition and going to Lake Superior. LaSalle warned them that the Jesuits were probably occupying that field, and that they would meet with a cold reception. Nevertheless they persisted in their purpose, and after worship on the lake shore, parted from LaSalle. On arriving at Lake Superior, they found, as LaSalle had predicted, the Jesuit Fathers, Marquette and Dablon, occupying the field. These zealous disciples of Loyola informed them that they wanted no assistance from St. Sulpice, nor from those who made him their patron saint ; and thus repulsed, they returned to Montreal the following June without having made a single discovery or converted a single Indian. After parting with the priests, LaSalle went to the chief Iroquois village at Onondaga, where he obtained guides, and passing thence to a tributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far as the falls at Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by LaSalle, the persevering and successful French explorer of the West, in 1669. The account of the latter part of his journey is found in an anony- mous paper, which purports to have been taken from the lips of LaSalle himself during a subsequent visit to Paris. In a letter written to Count Frontenac in 1667, shortly after the discovery, he himself says that he discovered the Ohio and descended it to the falls. This was regarded as an indisputable fact by the French authorities, who claimed the Ohio Valley upon another ground. When Washington was sent by the colony of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at Quebec replied : “We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries of LaSalle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio Valley.” ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. When the new year of 1750 broke in upon the Father of Waters and the Great Northwest, all was still wild save at the French posts already described. In 1749, when the English first began to think seri- ously about sending men into the West, the greater portion of the States of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, pretty THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 85 conclusively of the nature of the wealth of these wilds. As early as 1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had commenced movements to secure the country west of the Alleghenies to the English crown. In Pennsylvania, Governor Keith and James Logan, secretary of the prov- ince, from 1719 to 1731, represented to the powers of England the neces- sity of securing - the Western lands. Nothing was done, however, by that power save to take some diplomatic steps to secure the claims of Britain to this unexplored wilderness. England had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, on the ground that the discovery of the seacoast and its possession was a discovery and possession of the country, and, as is well known, her grants to the colonies extended “ from sea to sea.” This was not all her claim. She had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This lat- ter was also a strong argument. As early as 1684, Lord H oward, Gov- ernor of Virginia, held a treaty with the six nations. These were the great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Onei- das, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the Six Nations. They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 1701, they repeated the agreement, and in September, 1726, a formal deed was drawn up and signed by the chiefs. The validity of this claim has often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1744, a purchase was made at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, of certain lands within the “ Colony of Virginia,” for which the Indians received <£200 in gold and a like sum in goods, with a promise that, as settlements increased, more should be paid. The Commissioners from Virginia were Colonel Thomas Lee and Colonel William Beverly. As settlements extended, the promise of more pay was called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the mountains with presents to appease the savages. Col. Lee, and some Virginians accompa- nied him with the intention of sounding the Indians upon their feelings regarding the English. They were not satisfied with their treatment, and plainly told the Commissioners why. The English did not desire the cultivation of the country, but the monopoty of the Indian trade. In 1748, the Ohio Company was formed, and petitioned the king for a grant of land beyond the Alleghenies. This was granted, and the government of Virginia was ordered to grant to them a half million aci'es, two hun- dred thousand of which were to be located at once. Upon the 12tli of June, 1749, 800,000 acres from the line of Canada north and west was made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, 100,000 acres were given to the Greenbriar Company. All this time the French were not idle. They saw that, should the British gain a foothold in the West, especially upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent the French 36 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. settling upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts and so gain possession of the whole country. Upon the 10th of May, 1774, Vaud- reuil, Governor of Canada and the French possessions, well knowing the consequences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading- posts in the Northwest, seized some of their frontier posts, and to further secure the claim of the French to the West, he, m 1749, sent Louis Cel- eron with a party of soldiers to plant along the Ohio River, in the mounds and at the mouths of its principal tributaries, plates of lead, on which were inscribed the claims of France. These were heard of in 1752, and within the memory of residents now living along the “ Oyo,” as the beautiful river was called by the French. One of these plates was found with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16, 1749, and a copy of the inscription with particular account of the discovery of the plate, was sent by DeWitt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society, among whose journals it may now be found.* These measures did not, however, deter the English from going on with their explorations, and though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and it was only a question of time when the storm would burst upon the frontier settlements. In 1750, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees, on the Miami, about one hundred and fifty miles above its mouth. He afterward spoke of it as very populous. From there he went down the Ohio River nearly to the falls at the present City of Louisville, and in November he commenced a survey of the Company’s lands. Dur- ing the Winter, General Andrew Lewis performed a similar work for the Greenbriar Company. Meanwhile the French were busy in preparing their forts for defense, and in opening roads, and also sent a small party of soldiers to keep the Ohio clear. This party, having heard of the Eng- lish post on the Miami River, early in 1652, assisted by the Ottawas and Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. (They were probably garrisoned in a block house). The traders were carried away to Canada, and one account says several were burned. This fort or post was called by the English Pickawillany. A memorial of the king’s ministers refers to it as “ Pickawillanes, in the center of the terri- tory between the Ohio and the Wabash. The name is probably some variation of Pickaway or Picqua in 1773, written by Rev. David Jones Pickaweke.” * The following is a translation of the inscription on the plate: “In the year 1749. reign of Louis XV., King of France, we, Celeron, commandant of a detachment by Monsieur the Marquis of Gallisoniere, com- mander-in-chief of New France, to establish tranquility in certain Indian villages of these cantons, have buried this plate at the confluence of the Toradakoin, this twenty-ninth of July, near the river Ohio, otherwise Beautiful River, as a monument of renewal of possession which we have taken of the said river, and all its tributaries; inasmuch as the preceding Kings of France have enjoyed it, and maintained it by their arms and treaties; especially by those of Ryswick, Utrecht, and Aix La Chapelle.” THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY,, 37 This was the first blood shed between the French and English, and occurred near the present City of Piqua, Ohio, or at least at a point about forty-seven miles north of Dayton. Each nation became now more inter- ested in the progress of events in the Northwest. The English deter- mined to purchase from the Indians a title to the lands they wished to occupy, and Messrs. Fry (afterward Commander-in-chief over W ashing- ton at the commencement of the French War of 1775-1763), Lomax and Patton were sent in the Spring of 1752 to hold a conference with the natives at Logstown to learn what they objected to in the treaty of Lan- caster already noticed, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th of June, these Commissioners met the red men at Logstown, a little village on the north bank of the Ohio, about seventeen miles below the site of Pitts- burgh. Here had been a trading point for many years, but it was aban- doned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize the treaty of Lancaster, but, the Commissioners taking aside Montour, the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catharine Montour, and a chief among the six nations, induced him to use his influence in their favor. This he did, and upon the 13th of June they all united in signing a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent, consenting to a settlement of the southeast of the Ohio, and guaranteeing that it should not be disturbed by them. These were the means used to obtain the first treaty with the Indians in the Ohio Valley. Meanwhile the powers beyond the sea were trjdng to out-manoeuvre each other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally outwitted the Indians, and failed in many instances to fulfill their con- tracts. They thereby gained the ill-will of the red men, and further increased the feeling by failing to provide them with arms and ammuni- tion. Said an old chief, at Easton, in 1758 : “ The Indians on the Ohio left you because of your own fault. When we heard the French were coming, we asked you for help and arms, but we did not get them. The French came, they treated us kindly, and gained our affections. The Governor of Virginia settled on our lands for his own benefit, and, when we wanted help, forsook us.” At the beginning of 1653, the English thought they had secured by title the lands in the West, but the French had quietly gathered cannon and military stores to be in readiness for the expected blow. The Eng- lish made other attempts to ratify these existing treaties, but not until the Summer could the Indians be gathered together to discuss the plans of the French. They had sent messages to the French, warning them away ; but they replied that they intended to complete the chain of forts already begun, and would not abandon the field. Soon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from the Ohio regard- 38 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. ing the positions and purposes of the French, Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia determined to send to them another messenger and learn from them, if possible, their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young man, a surveyor, who, at the early age of nineteen, had received the rank of major, and who was thoroughly posted regarding frontier life. This personage Avas no other than the illustrious George Washington, who then held considerable interest in Western lands. He was at this time just twenty-two years of age. Taking Gist as his guide, the two, accompanied by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They left Will’s Creek on the 10th of November, 1753, and on the 22d reached the Monon- gahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there they went to Logstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of the Six Nations. From them he learned the condition of the French, and also heard of their determination not to come down the river till the fol- lowing Spring. The Indians were non-committal, as they were afraid to turn either way, and, as far as they could, desired to remain neutral. Washington, finding nothing could be done with them, went on to Venango, an old Indian town at the mouth of French Creek. Here the French had a fort, called Fort Machault. Through the rum and flattery of the French, he nearly lost all his Indian followers. Finding nothing of importance here, he pursued his way amid great privations, and on the 11th of December reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here he delivered Governor Dinwiddie’s letter, received his answer, took his observations, and on the 16th set out upon his return journey Avith no one but Gist, his guide, and a few Indians who still remained true to him, notAvithstanding the endeavors of the French to retain them. Their homeward journey was one of great peril and suffering from the cold, yet they reached home in safety on the 6th of January, 1754. From the letter of St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by Washington to Governor Dimviddie, it Avas learned that the French Avould not give up without a struggle. Active preparations Avere at once made in all the English colonies for the coming conflict, while the French finished the fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications, and gathered their forces to be in readiness. The Old Dominion Avas all alive. Virginia Avas the center of great activities ; volunteers were called for, and from all the neighboring colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everyAvhere along the Potomac men were enlisting under the Governor’s proclamation — which promised two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this river they Avere gathering as far as Will’s Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent had come for assistance for his little band of forty-one men, who were THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 39 working away in hunger and want, to fortify that point at the fork of the Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest. “ The first birds of Spring filled the air with their song ; the swift river rolled by the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of Spring and the April showers. The leaves were appearing ; a few Indian scouts were seen, hut no enemy seemed near at hand ; and all was so quiet, that Frazier, an old Indian scout and trader, who had been left by Trent in command, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten miles up the Monongahela. But, though all was so quiet in that wilder- ness, keen eyes had seen the low intrenchment rising at the fork, and swift feet had borne the news of it up the river ; and upon the morning of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink — sixty batteaux and three hundred canoes filled with men, and laden deep with cannon and stores. * * * That evening he supped with his captor, Contrecoeur, and the next day he was bowed off by the Frenchman, and with his men and tools, marched up the Monongahela.” The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la Chapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and English possessions unsettled, and the events already narrated show the French were determined to hold the country watered by the Mississippi and its tributaries ; while the English laid claims to the country by virtue of the discoveries of the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New- foundland to Florida, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The first decisive blow had now been struck, and the first attempt of the English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands, had resulted disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed the fortifications begun at the Fork, which they had so easily captured, and when completed gave to the fort the name of DuQuesne. Washing- ton was at Will’s Creek when the news of the capture of the fort arrived. He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched him- self at a place called the “ Meadows,” where he erected a fort called by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of French and Indians marching against him, but was soon after attacked in his fort by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the morning of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. The English Government immediately planned four campaigns ; one against Fort DuQuesne ; one against Nova Scotia ; one against Fort Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, and were not successful in driving the French from their possessions. The expedition against Fort DuQuesne was led by the famous General Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those 40 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered such an inglorious defeat. This occurred on the morning of July 9th, and is generally known as the battle of Monongahela, or “ Braddock’s Defeat.” The war continued with various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7 ; when, at the commence- ment of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then Secre- tary of State, afterwards Lord Chatham, active preparations were made to carry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year : one, under General Amherst, against Louisburg ; another, under Abercrombie, against Fort Ticonderoga ; and a third, under General Forbes, against Fort DuQuesne. On the 26tli of July, Louisburg surrendered after a desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern part of the Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie captured Fort Frontenac, and when the expedition against Fort DuQuesne, of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was found in flames and deserted. The English at once look possession, rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious statesman, changed the name to Fort Pitt. The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduction of Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Amherst was to reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and General Prideaux was to capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant Prideaux lost his life in the attempt. Amherst captured Ticonderoga and Crown Point without a blow ; and Wolfe, after making the memor- able ascent to the Plains of Abraham, on September 13th, defeated Montcalm, and on the 18th, the city capitulated. In this engagement Montcolm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm’s successor, marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian War. It resulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the City of Montreal. The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and under its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of the Iberville River, in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same time Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. On the 13th of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining French post in the territory. He arrived there on the 19th of November, and sum- moned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, Beletre, refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 41 French arms, surrendered. Rogers remained there until December 23d under the personal protection of the celebrated chief, Pontiac, to whom, no doubt, he owed his safety. Pontiac had come here to inquire the purposes of the English in taking possession of the country. He was assured that they came simply to trade with the natives, and did not desire their country. This answer conciliated the savages, and did much to insure the safety of Rogers and his party during their stay, and while on their journey home. Rogers set out for Fort Pitt on December 23, and was just one month on the way. His route was from Detroit to Maumee, thence across the present State of Ohio directly to the fort. This was the com- mon trail of the Indians in their journeys from Sandusky to the fork of the Ohio. It went from Fort Sandusky, where Sandusky City now is, crossed the Huron river, then called Bald Eagle Creek, to “ Mohickon John’s Town” on Mohickon Creek, the northern branch of White Woman’s River, and thence crossed to Beaver’s Town, a Delaware town on what is now Sandy Creek. At Beaver’s Town were probably one hundred and fifty warriors, and not less than three thousand acres of cleared land. From there the track went up Sandy Creek to and across Big Beaver, and up the Ohio to Logstown, thence on to the fork. The Northwest Territory was now entirely under the English rule. New settlements began to be rapidly made, and the promise of a large trade was speedily manifested. Had the British carried out their promises with the natives none of those savage butcheries would have been perpe- trated, and the country would have been spared their recital. The renowned chief, Pontiac, was one of the leading spirits in these atrocities. We will now pause in our narrative, and notice the leading events in his life. The earliest authentic information regarding this noted Indian chief is learned from an account of an Indian trader named Alexander Henry, who, in the Spring of 1761, penetrated his domains as far as Missillimacnac. Pontiac was then a great friend of the French, but a bitter foe of the English, whom he considered as encroaching on his hunting grounds. Henry was obliged to disguise himself as a Canadian to insure safety, but was discovered by Pontiac, who bitterly reproached him and the English for their attempted subjugation of the West. He declared that no treaty had been made with them ; no presents sent them, and that he would resent any possession of the West by that nation. He was at the time about fifty years of age, tall and dignified, and was civil and military ruler of the Ottawas, Ojibwas and Pottawatamies. The Indians, from Lake Michigan to the borders of North Carolina, were united in this feeling, and at the time of the treaty of Paris, ratified February 10, 1763, a general conspiracy was formed to fall suddenly 42 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. PONTIAC, THE OTTAWA CHIEFTAIN. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 43 upon the frontier British posts, and with one blow strike every man dead. Pontiac was the marked leader in all this, and was the commander of the Chippewas, Ottawas, Wyandots, Miamis, Shawanese, Delawares and Mingoes, who had, for the time, laid aside their local quarrels to unite in this enterprise. The blow came, as near as can now be ascertained, on May 7, 1763, Nine British posts fell, and the Indians drank, “ scooped up in the hollow of joined hands,” the blood of many a Briton. Pontiac’s immediate field of action was the garrison at Detroit. Here, however, the plans were frustrated by an Indian woman disclosing the plot the evening previous to his arrival. Everything was carried out, however, according to Pontiac’s plans until the moment of action, when Major Gladwyn, the commander of the post, stepping to one of the Indian chiefs, suddenly drew aside his blanket and disclosed the concealed musket. Pontiac, though a brave man, turned pale and trembled. He saw his plan was known, and that the garrison were prepared. He endeavored to exculpate himself from any such intentions ; but the guilt was evident, and he and his followers were dismissed with a severe reprimand, and warned never to again enter the walls of the post. Pontiac at once laid siege to the fort, and until the treaty of peace between the British and the Western Indians, concluded in August, 1764, continued to harass and besiege the fortress. He organized a regular commissariat department, issued bills of credit written out on bark, which, to his credit, it may be stated, were punctually redeemed. At the conclusion of the treaty, in which it seems he took no part, he went further south, living many yeass among the Illinois. He had given up all hope of saving his country and race. After a time he endeavored to unite the Illinois tribe and those about St. Louis in a war with the whites. His efforts were fruitless, and only ended in a quarrel between himself and some Kaskaskia Indians, one of whom soon afterwards killed him. His death was, however, avenged by the northern Indians, who nearly exterminated the Illinois in the wars which followed. Had it not been for the treachery of a few of his followers, his plan for the extermination of the whites, a masterly one, would undoubtedly have been carried out. It was in the Spring of the year following Rogers’ visit that Alex- ander Henry went to Missillimacnac, and everywhere found the strongest feelings against the English, who had not carried out their promises, and were doing nothing to conciliate the natives. Here he met the chief, Pontiac, who, after conveying to him in a speech the idea that their French father would awake soon and utterly destroy his enemies, said : “ Englishman, although you have conquered the French, you have not 44 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. yet conquered us ! We are not your slaves! These lakes, these woods, these mountains, were left us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance, and we will part with them to none. Your nation supposes that we, like the white people, can not live without bread and pork and beef. But you ought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided food for us upon these broad lakes and in these mountains.” He then spoke of the fact that no treaty had been made with them, no presents sent them, and that he and his people were yet for war. Such were the feelings of the Northwestern Indians immediately after the English took possession of their country. These feelings were no doubt encouraged by the Canadians and French, who hoped that yet the French arms might prevail. The treaty of Paris, however, gave to the English the right to this vast domain, and active preparations were going on to occupy it and enjoy its trade and emoluments. In 1762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to pre- vent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon- tainbleau, gave to the English the domain of the country in question. Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the Great Lakes, comprehending a large territory which is the subject of these sketches, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States ; and twenty years still later, in 1803, Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to France, and by France sold to the United States. In the half century, from the building of the Fort of Crevecoeur by LaSalle, in 1680, up to the erection of Fort Chartres, many French set- tlements had been made in that quarter. These have already been noticed, being those at St. Vincent (Vincennes), Kohokia or Cahokia, Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocker, on the American Bottom, a large tract of rich alluvial soil in Illinois, on the Mississippi, opposite the site of St. Louis. By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including all these and other towns of the Northwest, were given over to England; but they do not appear to have been taken possession of until 1765, when Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, established him- self at Fort Chartres bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage, dated December 30, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Cath- olics who worshiped here, and a right to leave the country with their effects if they wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen. It was shortly after the occupancy of the West by the British that the war with Pontiac opened. It is already noticed in the sketch of that chieftain. By it many a Briton lost his life, and many a frontier settle- THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 45 ment in its infancy ceased to exist. This was not ended until the year 1764, when, failing to capture Detroit, Niagara and Fort Pitt, his confed- eracy became disheartened, and, receiving no aid from the French, Pon- tiac abandoned the enterprise and departed to the Illinois, among whom he afterward lost his life. As soon as. these difficulties were definitely settled, settlers began rapidly to survey the country and prepare for occupation. During the year 1770, a number of persons from Virginia and other British provinces explored and marked out nearly all the valuable lands on the Mononga- hela and along the banks of the Ohio as far as the Little Kanawha. This was followed by another exploring expedition, in which George Washing- ton was a party. The latter, accompanied by Dr. Craik, Capt. Crawford and others, on the 20th of October, 1770, descended the Ohio from Pitts- burgh to the mouth of the Kanawha ; ascended that stream about fourteen miles, marked out several large tracts of land, shot several buffalo, which were then abundant in the Ohio Valley, and returned to the fort. Pittsburgh was at this time a trading post, about which was clus- tered a village of some twenty houses, inhabited by Indian traders. This same year, Capt. Pittman visited Ivaskaskia and its neighboring villages. He found there about sixty-five resident families, and at Cahokia only forty-five dwellings. At Fort Chartres was another small settlement, and at Detroit the garrison were quite prosperous and strong. For a year or two settlers continued to locate near some of these posts, generally Fort Pitt or Detroit, owing to the fears of the Indians, who still main- tained some feelings of hatred to the English. The trade from the posts was quite good, and from those in Illinois large quantities of pork and flour found their way to the New Orleans market. At this time the policy of the British Government was strongly opposed to the extension of the colonies west. In 1763, the King of England forbade, by royal proclamation, his colonial subjects from making a settlement beyond the sources of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean. At the instance of the Board of Trade, measures were taken to prevent the settlement without the limits prescribed, and to retain the commerce within easy reach of Great Britain. The commander-in-chief of the king’s forces wrote in 1769 : “ In the course of a few years necessity will compel the colonists, should they extend their settlements west, to provide manufactures of some kind for themselves, and when all connection upheld by commerce with the mother country ceases, an independency in their government will soon follow.” In accordance with this policy, Gov. Gage issued a proclamation in 1772, commanding the inhabitants of Vincennes to abandon their set- tlements and join some of the Eastern English colonies. To this they I 46 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. strenuously objected, giving good reasons therefor, and were allowed to remain. The strong opposition to this policy of Great Britain led to its change, and to such a course as to gain the attachment of the French population. In December, 1773, influential citizens of Quebec petitioned the king for an extension of the boundary lines of that province, which was granted, and Parliament passed an act on June 2, 1774, extend- ing the boundary so as to include the territory lying within the present States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. In consequence of the liberal policy pursued by the British Govern- ment toward the French settlers in the West, they were disposed to favor that nation in the war which soon followed with the colonies ; but the early alliance between France and America soon brought them to the side of the war for independence. In 1774, Gov. Dunmore, of Virginia, began to encourage emigration to the Western lands. He appointed magistrates at Fort Pitt under the pretense that the fort was under the government of that commonwealth. One of these justices, John Connelly, who possessed a tract of land in the Ohio Valle} - , gathered a force of men and garrisoned the fort, calling it Fort Dunmore. This and other parties were formed to select sites for settlements, and often came in conflict with the Indians, who yet claimed portions of the valley, and several battles followed. These ended in the famous battle of Kanawha in July, where the Indians were defeated and di’iven across the Ohio. During the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies and the perseverance of individuals, several settlements were firmly estab- lished between the Alleghanies and the Ohio River, and western land speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held in Kaskaskia on July 5, 1773, an association of English traders, calling themselves the “ Illinois Land Company,” obtained from ten chiefs of the Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on the east side of the Mississippi River south of the Illinois. In 1775, a mer- chant from the Illinois Country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes as the agent of the association called the “ Wabash Land Company.” On the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs, a deed for 37,497,600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in the office of a notary public at Kaskaskia. This and other land com- panies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West; but all were frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolution. On the 20th of April, 1780, the two companies named consolidated under the name of the “ United Illinois and Wabash Land Company.” They afterward made THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 47 strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all signally failed. When the War of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an unor- ganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders. In Hutchins’ Topography of Virginia, it is stated that at that time “ Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black in- habitants — the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia con- tains 50 houses and 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were east of the Mississippi River, about the year 1771 ” — when these observa- tions were made — “ 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 230 negroes.” From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a report made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following extract is made : “Near the mouth of the River Kaskaskia, there is a village which appears to have contained nearly eighty families from the beginning of the late revolution. There are twelve families in a small village at la Prairie du Rochers, and near fifty families at the Kahokia Village. There are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philips, which is five miles further up the river.” St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time con- tained, including its neighboring towns, over six hundred whites and one hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country west of the Mississippi was now under French rule, and remained so until ceded again to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the country including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit there were, according to Capt. Carver, who was in the Northwest from 1766 to 1768, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more than twenty miles, although poorly cultivated — the people being engaged in the Indian trade. This old town has a history, which we will here relate. It is the oldest town in the Northwest, having been founded by Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac, in 1701. It was laid out in the form of an oblong square, of two acres in length, and an acre and a half in width. As described by A. D. Frazer, who first visited it and became a permanent resident of the place, in 1778, it comprised within its limits that space between Mr. Palmer’s store (Conant Block) and Capt. Perkins’ house (near the Arsenal building), and extended back as far as the public barn, and was bordered in front by the Detroit River. It was surrounded by oak and cedar pickets, about fifteen feet long, set in the ground, and had four gates — east, west, north and south. Over the first three of these 48 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. gates were block houses provided with four guns apiece, each a six- pounder. Two six-gun batteries were planted fronting the river and in a parallel direction with the block houses. There were four streets running east and west, the main street being twenty feet wide and the rest fifteen feet, while the four streets crossing these at right angles were from ten to fifteen feet in width. At the date spoken of by Mr. Frazer, there was no fort within the enclosure, but a citadel on the ground corresponding to the present northwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street. The citadel was inclosed by pickets, and within it were erected barracks of wood, two stories high, sufficient to contain ten officers, and also barracks sufficient to contain four hundred men, and a provision store built of brick. The citadel also contained a hospital and guard-house. The old town of Detroit, in 1778, contained about sixty houses, most of them one story, with a few a story and a half in height. They were all of logs, some hewn and some round. There was one building of splendid appearance, called the “ King’s Palace,” two stories high, which stood near the east gate. It was built for Governor Hamilton, the first governor commissioned by the British. There were two guard-houses, one near the west gate and the other near the Government House. Each of the guards consisted of twenty-four men and a subaltern, who mounted regularly every morning between nine and ten o’clock, Each furnished four sentinels, who were relieved every two hours. There was also an officer of the day, who per- formed strict duty. Each of the gates was shut regularly at sunset, even wicket gates were shut at nine o’clock, and all the keys were delivered into the hands of the commanding officer. They were opened in the morning at sunrise. No Indian or squaw was permitted to enter town with any weapon, such as a tomahawk or a knife. It was a stand- ing order that the Indians should deliver their arms and instruments of every kind before they were permitted to pass the sentinel, and they were restored to them on their return. No more than twenty-five Indians were allowed to enter the town at any one time, and they were admitted only at the east and west gates. At sundown the drums beat, and all the Indians were required to leave town instantly. There was a council house near the water side for the purpose of holding council with the Indians. The population of the town was about sixty families, in all about two hundred males and one hundred females. This town was destroyed by fire, all except one dwelling, in 1805. After which the present “new” town was laid out. On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests, THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 49 and recognizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in this part of the New World, held steadily to their purposes, and those within the commonwealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their civil privileges, by electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway, burgesses to represent them in the Assembly of the parent state. Early in September of that year (1777) the first court was held in Harrodsburg, and Col. Bowman, afterwards major, who had arrived in August, was made the commander of a militia organization which had been commenced the March previous. Thus the tree of loyalty was growing. The chief spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented her the year previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move unequaled in its boldness. He had been watching the movements of the British throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan. He saw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, Vincennes, Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them constant and easy access to the various Indian tribes in the Northwest, that the British intended to penetrate the country from the north and soutn, ana annihi- late the frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel, afterwards General, George Rogers Clark. He knew the Indians were not unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could the British be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives might be easily awed into neutrality ; and by spies sent for the purpose, he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements might easily succeed. Having convinced himself of the certainty of the project, he repaired to the Capital of Virginia, which place he reached on November 5th. While he was on his way, fortunately, on October 17th, Burgoyne had been defeated, and the spirits of the colonists greatly encouraged thereby. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at once entered heartily into Clark’s plans. The same plan had before been agitated in the Colonial Assemblies, but there was no one - until Clark came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the scene of action to be able to guide them. Clark, having satisfied the Vii'ginia leaders of the feasibility of his plan, received, on the 2d of January, two sets of instructions — one secret, the other open — the latter authorized him to proceed to enlist seven companies to go to Kentucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three months from their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand at Pittsburgh, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburgh, choosing rather to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Hoi- 50 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. stou for the same purpose, but neither succeeded in raising the required number of men. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to join the proposed expedition. With three companies and several private volunteers, Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he navigated as far as the Falls, where he took possession of and fortified Corn Island, a small island between the present Cities of Louisville, Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may yet be found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route, and as many as could be spared from the station. Here he announced to the men their real destination. Having completed his arrangements, and chosen his party, he left a small garrison upon the island, and on the 24th of June, during a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured no good, and which fixes beyond dispute the date of starting, he with his chosen band, fell down the river. His plan was to go by water as far as Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to Cahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Should he fail, he intended to march directly to the Mississippi River and cross it into the Spanish country. Before his start he received two good items of infor- mation : one that the alliance had been formed between France and the United States; and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois country and the inhabitants, at the various frontier posts, had been led to believe by the British that the “ Long Knives ” or Virginians, were the most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from grati- tude would become friendly if treated with unexpected leniency. The march to Kaskaskia was accomplished through a hot July sun, and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort near the village, and soon after the village itself by surprise, and without the loss of a single man or by killing any of the enemy. After sufficiently working upon the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at per- fect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the great conflict they would, also he would protect them from any barbarity from British or Indian foe. This had the desired effect, and the inhab- itants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked for turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms, and when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accom- panied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place surrendered, and gladly placed themselves under his protection. Thus THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 51 the two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the English into the possession of Virginia. In the person of the priest at Kaskaskia, M. Gibault, Clark found a powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain possession of the Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians within its boun- daries, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken. St. Vincent, the next important post to Detroit, remained yet to be taken before the Mississippi Valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that he would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection with England. Clark gladly accepted his offer, and on the 14th of July, in company with a fellow-townsman, M. Gibault started on his mission of peace, and on the 1st of August returned with the cheerful intelligence that the post on the “ Oubache ” had taken the oath of allegiance to the Old Dominion. During this interval, Clark established his courts, placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his men, sent word to have a fort, which proved the germ of Louisville, erected at the Falls of the Ohio, and dispatched Mr. Roeheblave, who had been commander at Kaskaskia, as a prisoner of war to Richmond. In October the County of Illinois was established by the Legislature of Virginia, John Todd appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Civil Governor, and in November General Clark and his men received the thanks of the Old Dominion through their Legislature. In a speech a few days afterward, Clark made known fully to the natives his plans, and at its close all came forward and swore alle- giance to the Long Knives. While he was doing this Governor Hamilton, having made his various arrangements, had left Detroit and moved down the Wabash to Vincennes intending to operate from that point in reducing the Illinois posts, and then proceed on down to Kentucky and drive the rebels from the West. Gen. Clark had, on the return of M. Gibault, dispatched Captain Helm, of Fauquier County, Virginia, with an attend- ant named Henry, across the Illinois prairies to command the fort. Hamilton knew nothing of the capitulation of the post, and was greatly surprised on his arrival to be confronted by Capt. Helm, who, standing at the entrance of the fort by a loaded cannon ready to fire upon his assail- ants, demanded upon what terms Hamilton demanded possession of the fort. Being granted the rights of a prisoner of war, he surrendered to the British General, who could scarcely believe his eyes when he saw the force in the garrison. Hamilton, not realizing the character of the men with whom he was contending, gave up his intended campaign for the Winter, sent his four hundred Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio, 52 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. and to annoy the Americans in all ways, and sat quietly down to pass the Winter. Information of all these proceedings having reached Clark, he saw that immediate and decisive action was necessary, and that unless he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Clark received the news on the 29th of January, 1779, and on February 4th, having suffi- ciently garrisoned Kaskaskia and Cahokia, he sent down the Mississippi a “ battoe,” as Major Bowman writes it, in order to ascend the Ohio and Wabash, and operate with the land forces gathering for the fray. On the next day, Clark, with his little force of one hundred and twenty men, set out for the post, and after incredible hard marching through much mud, the ground being thawed by the incessant spring rains, on the 22d reached the fort, and being joined by his “ battoe,” at once commenced the attack on the post. The aim of the American back- woodsman was unerring, and on the 24th the garrison surrendered to the intrepid boldness of Clark. The French were treated with great kind- ness, and gladly renewed their allegiance to Virginia. Hamilton was sent as a prisoner to Virginia, where he was kept in close confinement. During his command of the British frontier posts, he had offered prizes to the Indians for all the scalps of Americans they would bring to him, and had earned in consequence thereof the title “ Hair-buyer General,” by which he was ever afterward known. Detroit was now without doubt within easy reach of the enterprising Virginian, could he but raise the necessary force. Governor Henry being apprised of this, promised him the needed reinforcement, and Clark con- cluded to wait until he could capture and sufficiently garrison the posts. Had Clark failed in this bold undertaking, and Hamilton succeeded in uniting the western Indians for the next Spring’s campaign, the West would indeed have been swept from the Mississippi to the Allegheny Mountains, and the great blow struck, which had been contemplated from the commencement, by the British. “ But for this small army of dripping, but fearless Virginians, the union of all the tribes from Georgia to Maine against the colonies might have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed.” At this time some fears were entertained by the Colonial Govern- ments that the Indians in the North and Northwest were inclining to the British, and under the instructions of Washington, now Commander-in- Chief of the Colonial army, and so bravely fighting for American inde- pendence, armed forces were sent against the Six Nations, and upon the Ohio frontier, Col. Bowman, acting under the same general’s orders, marched against Indians within the present limits of that State. These expeditions were in the main successful, and the Indians were compelled to sue for peace. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 53 During this same year (1779) the famous “ Land Laws” of Virginia were passed. The passage of these laws was of more consequence to the pioneers of Kentucky and the Northwest than the gaining of a few Indian conflicts. These laws confirmed in main all grants made, and guaranteed to all actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for the settlers, the laws provided for selling the balance of the public lands at forty cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims, over many of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity. These gentlemen opened their court on October 13, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and continued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided three .thousand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, who came in the person of Mr. George May, and assumed his duties on the 10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the next year (1780) the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis- sippi commenced. The Spanish Government exacted such measures in relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a right to navigate its channel. To enforce their claims, a fort was erected below the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river. The settle- ments in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was dur- ing this year that the first seminary of learning was established in the West in this young and enterprising Commonwealth. The settlers here did not look upon the building of this fort in a friendly manner, as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain had been friendly to the Colonies during their struggle for independence, and though for a while this friendship appeared in danger from the refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the satisfaction of both nations. The Winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusually severe ones ever experienced in the West. The Indians always referred to it as the “Great Cold.” Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few pioneers lost their lives. The following Summer a party of Canadians and Indians attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possession of it in consequence of the friendly disposition of Spain to the revolting colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were compelled to abandon the contest. They also made an attack on the settlements in Kentucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable manner, they fled the country in great haste. About this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress con- cerning the western lands claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachusetts 54 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. and Connecticut. The agitation concerning this subject finally led New York, on the 19th of February, 1780, to pass a law giving to the dele- gates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for the benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Congress during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until Sep- tember 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the States claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body. This basis formed the union, and was the first after all of those legislative measures which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In December of the same year, the plan of conquering Detroit again arose. The conquest might have easily been effected by Clark had the necessary aid been furnished him. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew that the safety of the Northwest from British invasion lay in the capture and retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the territory. Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the Coun- ties of Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson, and the act establishing the Town of Louisville was passed. This same year is also noted in the annals of American history as the year in which occurred Arnold’s treason to the United States. Virginia, in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d day of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to, and the Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the Colonies were busily engaged in the struggle with the mother country, and in consequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements. Upon the 16th of April, 1781, the first birth north of the Ohio River of American parentage occurred, being that of Mary Heckewelder, daughter of the widely known Moravian missionary, whose band of Christian Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity, a deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives. For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1771 and 1772 in the history of the Northwest. During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and frontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyan- dots. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practised on the captives, many of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of the notorious THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY, 55 tion. By the close of the year victory had perched upon the American banner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her uncon- querable colonies. Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October preceding, and the liberty of America was assured. On the 19th of April following, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was frontier outlaw, Simon Girty, whose name, as well as those of his brothers, was a terror to women and children. These occurred chiefly in the Ohio valleys. Cotemporary with them were several engagements in Kentucky, in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill and knowledge of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destruc- INDIANS ATTACKING FRONTIERSMEN. 56 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. proclaimed to the army of the United States, and on the Sd of the next September, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struggle was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West were as follows : On the north the line was to extend along the center of the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake ; thence to the Lake of the Woods; thence to the head of the Mississippi River ; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line east to the head of the Appalachicola River; down its center to its junc- tion with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary’s River, and thence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. Following the cessation of hostilities with England, several posts were still occupied by the British in the North and West. Among these was Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements with the Indians throughout Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whose lands adventurous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by the proper treaty. To remedy this latter evil, Congress appointed commissioners to treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the set- tlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however, not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the Northwest she had formerly done, withdrew her troops, having on the 20th of December preceding authorized the whole of her possessions to be deeded to the United States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and the Northwest Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion. To Gen. Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situated any where north of the Ohio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is now the dilapidated village of Clarksville, about midway between the Cities of New Albany and Jeffer- sonville, Indiana. While the frontier remained thus, and Gen. Haldimand at Detroit refused to evacuate alleging that he had no orders from his King to do so, settlers were rapidly gathering about the inland forts. In the Spring of 1784, Pittsburgh was regularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian council at Fort McIntosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in appearance. He says : “ Pittsburgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the north of Ireland or even Scotland. There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being bought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per pound from Phila- THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 57 delphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and money. There are in the town four attorneys, two doctors, and not a priest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapel.” Kentucky at this time contained thirty thousand inhabitants, and was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take defensive precaution against the Indians who were yet, in some instances, incited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year, 1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no entries were recorded until 1787. The Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished. They held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Congress adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the surveys of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those north of the Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made in 1784. That at Fort McIntosh in 1785, and through these much land was gained. The Wabash Indians, however, afterward refused to comply with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel their adherence to its provisions, force was used. During the year 1786, the free navigation of the Mississippi came up in Congress, and caused various discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to excite speculation in regard to the western lands. Congress had promised bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the unsettled condition of affairs along the Mississippi respecting its naviga- tion, and the trade of the Northwest, that body had, in 1783, declared its inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded between the two Governments. Before the close of the year 1786, how- ever, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some grants and the settlement thereon, and on the 14th of September Con- necticut ceded to the General Government the tract of land known as the “ Connecticut Reserve,” and before the close of the following year a large tract of land north of the Ohio was sold to a company, who at once took measures to settle it. By the provisions of this grant, the company were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a deduction of one-third for bad lands and other contingencies. They received 750,000 acres, bounded on the south by the Ohio, on the east by the seventh range of townships, on the west by the sixteenth range, and on the north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without the reservations. In addition to this, Congress afterward granted 100,000 acres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the resolutions of 1789 and 1790. 58 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY, While Dr. Cutler, one of the agents of the company, was pressing its claims before Congress, that body was bringing into form an ordinance for the political and social organization of this Territory. When the cession was made by Virginia, in 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected. A motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition of slavery, which prevailed. The plan was then discussed and altered, and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina. By this proposition, the Territory was to have been divided into states by parallels and meridian lines. This, it was thought, would make ten states, which were to have been named as follows — beginning at the northwest corner and going southwardly : Sylvania, Michigania, Cher- sonesus, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, Illenoia, Saratoga, Washington, Poly- potamia and Pelisipia. There was a more serious objection to this plan than its category of names, — the boundaries. The root of the difficulty was in the resolu- tion of Congress passed in October, 1780, which fixed the boundaries of the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fifty miles THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 59 square. These resolutions being presented to the Legislatures of Vir- ginia and Massachusetts, they desired a change, and in July, 1786, the subject was taken up in Congress, and changed to favor a division into not more than five states, and not less than three. This was approved by the State Legislature of Virginia. The subject of the Government was again taken up by Congress in 1786, and discussed throughout that year and until July, 1787, when the famous “Compact of 1787” was passed, and the foundation of the government of the Northwest laid. This com- pact is fully discussed and explained in the history of Illinois in this book, and to it the reader is referred. The passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves Symmes, of New Jersey, for a grant of the land between the Miamis. This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and, being greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the New England Company. The petition was referred to the Treasury Board with power to act, and a contract was concluded the following- year. During the Autumn the directors of the New England Company were preparing to occupy their grant the following Spring, and upon the 23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men, under the superintendency of Gen. Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the sur- veyors and their assistants, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hart- ford and proceed on their journey westward ; the remainder to follow as soon as possible. Congress, in the meantime, upon the 3d of October, had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and to prevent unauthorized intrusions ; and two days later appointed Arthur St. Clair Governor of the Territory of the Northwest. AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. The civil organization of the Northwest Territory was now com- plete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of Indian affairs, settlers from the East began to come into the country rapidly. The New England Company sent their men during the Winter of 1787-8 pressing on over the Alleghenies by the old Indian path which had been opened into Braddock’s road, and which has since been made a national turnpike from Cumberland westward. Through the weary winter daj^s they toiled on, and by April were all gathered on the Yohiogany, where boats had been built, and at once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived on the 7th of that month, and unless the Moravian missionaries be regarded as the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly claim that honor. 00 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. Gen. St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the Northwest, not having yet arrived, a set of laws were passed, written out, and published by being nailed to a tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed to administer them. Washington in writing of this, the first American settlement in the Northwest, said : “ No colony in America was ever settled under such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum. Information, property and strength will be its characteristics. I know many of its settlers personally, and there never were men better calcu- lated to promote the welfare of such a community. ” A PIONEER DWELLING. On the 2d of July a meeting of the directors and agents was held on the banks of the Muskingum, “ for the purpose of naming the new- born city and its squares.” As yet the settlement was known as the “Muskingum,” but that was now changed to the name Marietta, in honor of Marie Antoinette. The square upon which the block -houses stood was called “ Campus Martins square number 19, “ Capitolium ;” square number 61, “ Cecilia;" and the great road through the covert way, “ Sacra Via.” Two days after, an oration was delivered by James M. Varnum, who with S. H. Parsons and John Armstrong had been appointed to the judicial bench of the territory on the 16th of October, 1787. On July 9, Gov. St. Clair arrived, and the colony began to assume form. The act of 1787 provided two district grades of government for the Northwest, THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 61 ■under the first of which the whole power was invested in the hands of a governor and three district judges. This was immediately formed upon the Governor’s arrival, and the first laws of the colony passed on the 25th of July. These provided for the organization of the militia, and on the next day appeared the Governor’s proclamation, erecting all that country that had been ceded by the Indians east of the Scioto River into the County of Washington. From that time forward, notwithstanding the doubts yet existing as to the Indians, all Marietta prospered, and on the 2d of September the first court of the territory was held with imposing ceremonies. The emigration westward at this time was very great. The com- mander at FortHarmer, at the mouth of the Muskingum, reported four thousand five hundred persons as having passed that post between Feb- ruary and June, 1788 — many of whom would have purchased of the “Associates,” as the New England Company was called, had they been ready to receive them. On the 26th of November, 1787, Symmes issued a pamphlet stating the terms of his contract and the plan of sale he intended to adopt. In January, 1788, Matthias Denman, of New Jersey, took an active interest in Symmes’ purchase, and located among other tracts the sections upon which Cincinnati has been built. Retaining one-third of this locality, he sold the other two-thirds to Robert Patterson and John Filson, and the three, about August, commenced to lay out a town on the spot, which was designated as being opposite Licking River, to the mouth of which they proposed to have a road cut from Lexington. The naming of the town is thus narrated in the “Western Annals ” : — “ Mr. Filson, who had been a schoolmaster, was appointed to name the town, and, in respect to its situation, and as if with a prophetic perception of the mixed race that were to inhabit it in after days, he named it Losantiville, which, being interpreted, means : ville , the town ; anti , against or opposite to ; os , the mouth ; L. of Licking.” Meanwhile, in July, Symmes got thirty persons and eight four-horse teams under way for the West. These reached Limestone (now Mays- ville) in September, where were several persons from Redstone. Here Mr. Symmes tried to found a settlement, but the great freshet of 1789 caused the “ Point,” as it was and is yet called, to be fifteen feet under water, and the settlement to be abandoned. The little band of settlers removed to the mouth of the Miami. Before Symmes and his colony left the “ Point,” two settlements had been made on his purchase. The first was by Mr. Stiltes, the original projector of the whole plan, who, with a colony of Redstone people, had located at the mouth of the Miami, whither Symmes went with his Maysville colony. Here a clearing had 62 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. been made by the Indians owing to the great fertility of the soil. Mr. Stiltes with his colony came to this place on the 18th of November, 1788, with twenty-six persons, and, building a block-house, prepared to remain through the Winter. They named the settlement Columbia. Here they were kindly treated by the Indians, but suffered greatly from the flood of 1789. On the 4th of March, 1789, the Constitution of the United States went into operation, and on April 30, George Washington was inaug- urated President of the American people, and during the next Summer, an Indian war was commenced by the tribes north of the Ohio. The President at first used pacific means ; but these failing, he sent General Harmer against the hostile tribes. He destroyed several villages, but was defeated in two battles, near the present City of Fort Wayne, Indiana. From this time till the close of 1795, the principal events were the wars with the various Indian tribes. In 1796, General St. Clair was appointed in command, and marched against the Indians ; but while he was encamped on a stream, the St. Mary, a branch of the Maumee, he was attacked and defeated with the loss of six hundred men. General Wayne was now sent against the savages. In August, 1794, he met them near the rapids of the Maumee, and gained a complete victory. This success, followed by vigorous measures, compelled the Indians to sue for peace, and on the 30th of July, the following year, the treaty of Greenville was signed by the principal chiefs, by which a large tract of country was ceded to the United States. Before proceeding in our narrative, we will pause to notice Fort Washington, erected in the early part of this war on the site of Cincinnati. Nearly all of the great cities of the Northwest, and indeed of the THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 63 whole country, have had their nuclei in those rude pioneer structures, known as forts or stockades. Thus Forts Dearborn, Washington, Pon- chartrain, mark the original sites of the now proud Cities of Chicago, Cincinnati and Detroit. So of most of the flourishing cities east and west of the Mississippi. Fort Washington, erected by Doughty in 1790, was a rude but highly interesting structure. It was composed of a number of strongly-built hewed log cabins. Those designed for soldiers’ barracks were a story and a half high, while those composing the officers quarters were more imposing and more conveniently arranged and furnished. The whole were so placed as to form a hollow square, enclosing about an acre of ground, with a block house at each of the four angles. The logs for the construction of this fort were cut from the ground upon which it was erected. It stood between Third and Fourth Streets of the present city (Cincinnati) extending east of Eastern Row, now Broadway, which was then a narrow alley, and the eastern boundary of of the town as it was originally laid out. On the bank of the river, immediately in front of the fort, was an appendage of the fort, called the Artificer’s Yard. It contained about two acres of ground, enclosed by small contiguous buildings, occupied by workshops and quarters of laborers. Within this enclosure there was a large two-story frame house, familiarly called the “Yellow House,” built for the accommodation of the Quartermaster General. For many years this was the best finished and most commodious edifice in the Queen City. Fort Washington was for some time the headquarters of both the civil and military governments of the Northwestern Territory. Following the consummation of the treaty various gigantic lanfl spec- ulations were entered into by different persons, who hoped to obtain from the Indians in Michigan and northern Indiana, large tracts of lands. These were generally discovered in time to prevent the outrageous schemes from being carried out, and from involving the settlers in war. On October 27, 1795, the treaty between the United States and Spain was signed, whereby the free navigation of the Mississippi was secured. No sooner had the treaty of 1795 been ratified than settlements began to pour rapidly into the West. The great event of the year 1796 was the occupation of that part of the Northwest including Michigan, which was this year, under the provisions of the treaty, evacuated by the British forces. The United States, owing to certain conditions, did not feel justified in addressing the authorities in Canada in relation to Detroit and other frontier posts. When at last the British authorities were called to give them up, they at once complied, and General Wayne, who had done so much to preserve the frontier settlements, and who, before the year’s close, sickened and died near Erie, transferred his head- 64 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. quarters to the neighborhood of the lakes, where a county named after him was formed, which included the northwest of Ohio, all of Michigan, and the northeast of Indiana. During this same year settlements were formed at the present City of Chillicothe, along the Miami from Middle- town to Piqua, while in the more distant West, settlers and speculators began to appear in great numbers. In September, the City of Cleveland was laid out, and during the Summer and Autumn, Samuel Jackson and Jonathan Sharpless erected the first manufactory of paper — the “ Red- stone Paper Mill” — in the West. St. Louis contained some seventy houses, and Detroit over three hundred, and along the river, contiguous to it, were more than three thousand inhabitants, mostly French Canadians, Indians and half-breeds, scarcely any Americans venturing yet into that part of the Northwest. The election of representatives for the territory had taken place, and on the 4th of February, 1799, they convened at Losantiville — now known as Cincinnati, having been named so by Gov. St. Clair, and considered the capital of the Territory — to nominate persons from whom the members of the Legislature were to be chosen in accordance with a previous ordinance. This nomination being made, the Assembly adjourned until the 16th of the following September. From those named the President selected as members of the council, Henry Vandenburg, of Vincennes, Robert Oliver, of Marietta, James Findlay and Jacob Burnett, of Cincinnati, and David Vance, of Vanceville. On the 16th of September the Territorial Legislature met, and on the 24th the two houses were duly organized, Henry Vandenburg being elected President of the Council. The message of Gov. St. Clair was addressed to the Legislature September 20th, and on October 13th that body elected as a delegate to Congress Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison, who received eleven of the votes cast, being a majority of one over his opponent, Arthur St. Clair, son of Gen. St. Clair. The whole number of acts passed at this session, and approved by the Governor, were thirty-seven — eleven others were passed, but received his veto. The most important of those passed related to the militia, to the administration, and to taxation. On the 19th of December this pro- tracted session of the first Legislature in the West was closed, and on the 30th of December the President nominated Charles Willing Bryd to the office of Secretary of the Territory vice Wm. Henry Harrison, elected to Congress. The Senate confirmed his nomination the next day. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 65 DIVISION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. The increased emigration to the Northwest, the extent of the domain, and the inconvenient modes of travel, made it very difficult to conduct the ordinary operations of government, and rendered the efficient action of courts almost impossible. To remedy this, it was deemed advisable to divide the territory for civil purposes. Congress, in 1800, appointed a committee to examine the question and report some means for its solution. This committee, on the 3d of March, reported that : “ In the three western countries there has been but one court having cognizance of crimes, in five years, and the immunity which offenders experience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned crim- inals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making settlements in such society. The extreme necessity of judiciary attention and assist- ance is experienced in civil as well as in criminal cases. * * * * To minister a remedy to these and other evils, it occurs to this committee that it is expedient that a division of said territory into two distinct and separate governments should be made ; and that such division be made by a line beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami River, running directly north until it intersects the boundary between the United States and Canada.” The report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with its suggestions, that body passed an Act extinguishing the Northwest Terri- tory, which Act was approved May 7. Among its provisions were these : “ That from and after July 4 next, all that part of the Territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio River, which lies to the westward of a line beginning at a point on the Ohio, opposite to the mouth of the Kentucky River, and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thence north until it shall intersect the territorial line between the United States and Canada, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a separate territory, and be called the Indiana Territory.” After providing for the exercise of the civil and criminal powers of the territories, and other provisions, the Act further provides: “ That until it shall otherwise be ordered by the Legislatures of the said Territories, respectively, Chillicothe on the Scioto River shall be the seat of government of the Territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio River; and that St. Vincennes on the Wabash River shall be the seat of government for the Indiana Territory.” Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison was appointed Governor of the Indiana Territory, and entered upon his duties about a year later. Connecticut also about this time released her claims to the reserve, and in March a law 6G THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. was passed accepting this cession. Settlements had been made upon thirty-five of the townships in the reserve, mills had been built, and seven hundred miles of road cut in various directions. On the 3d of November the General Assembly met at Chillicothe. Near the close of the year, the first missionary of the Connecticut Reserve came, who found no township containing more than eleven families. It was upon the first of October that the secret treaty had been made between Napoleon and the King of Spain, whereby the latter agreed to cede to France the province of Louisiana. In January, 1802, the Assembly of the Northwestern Territory char- tered the college at Athens. From the earliest dawn of the western colonies, education was promptly provided for, and as early as 1787, newspapers were issued from Pittsburgh and Kentucky, and largely read throughout the frontier settlements. Before the close of this year, the Congress of the United States granted to the citizens of the Northwestern territory the formation of a State government. One of the provisions of the “compact of 1787” provided that whenever the number of inhabit- ants within prescribed limits exceeded 45,000, they should be entitled to a separate government. The prescribed limits of Ohio contained, from a census taken to ascertain the legality of the act, more than that number, and on the 30th of April, 1802, Congress passed the act defining its limits, and on the 29th of November the Constitution of the new State of Ohio, so named from the beautiful river forming its southern boundary, came into existence. The exact limits of Lake Michigan were not then known, but the territory now included within the State of Michigan was wholly within the territory of Indiana. Gen. Harrison, while residing at Vincennes, made several treaties with the Indians, thereby gaining large tracts of lands. The next year is memorable in the history of the West for the purchase of Louisiana from France by the United States for $15,000,000. Thus by a peaceful mode, the domain of the United States was extended over a large tract of country west of the Mississippi, and was for a time under the jurisdiction of the Northwest government, and, as has been mentioned in the early part of this narrative, was called the “New Northwest.” The limits of this history will not allow a description of its territory. The same year large grants of land were obtained from the Indians, and the House of Representatives of the new State of Ohio signed a bill respecting the College Township in the district of Cincinnati. Before the close of the year, Gen. Harrison obtained additional grants of lands from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present limits of Illinois, and on the 18th of August, 1804, completed a treaty at St. Louis, whereby over 51,000,000 acres of lands were obtained from the THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 6-1 aborigines. Measures were also taken to learn the condition of affairs in and about Detroit. C. Jouett, the Indian agent in Michigan, still a part of Indiana Terri- tory, reported as follows upon the condition of matters at that post : “ The Town of Detroit. — The charter, which is for fifteen miles square, was granted in the time of Louis XIY. of France, and is now, from the best information I have been able to get, at Quebec. Of those two hundred and twenty-five acres, only four are occupied by the town and Fort Lenault. The remainder is a common, except twenty-four acres, which were added twenty years ago to a farm belonging to Wm. Macomb. * * * A stockade incloses the town, fort and citadel. The pickets, as well as the public houses, are in a state of gradual decay. The streets are narrow, straight and regular, and intersect each other at right angles. The houses are, for the most part, low and inelegant.” During this year, Congress granted a township of land for the sup- port of a college, and began to offer inducements for settlers in these wilds, and the country now comprising the State of Michigan began to fill rapidly with settlers along its southern borders. This same year, also, a law was passed organizing the Southwest Territory, dividing it into two portions, the Territory of New Orleans, which city was made the seat of government, and the District of Louisiana, which was annexed to the domain of Gen. Harrison. On the 11th of January, 1805, the Territory of Michigan was formed, Wm. Hull was appointed governor, with headquarters at Detroit, the change to take effect on June 30. On the 11th of that month, a fire occurred at Detroit, which destroj^ed almost every building in the place. When the officers of the new territory reached the post, they found it in ruins, and the inhabitants scattered throughout the country. Rebuild- ing, however, soon commenced, and ere long the town contained more houses than before the fire, and many of them much better built. While this was being done, Indiana had passed to the second grade of government, and through her General Assembly had obtained large tracts of land from the Indian tribes. To all this the celebrated Indian, Tecumthe or Tecumseh, vigorously protested, and it was the main cause of his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in a conflict with the settlers. To obtain a full account of these attempts, the workings of the British, and the signal failure, culminating in the death of Tecumseh at the battle of the Thames, and the close of the war of 1812 in the Northwest, we will step aside in our story, and relate the principal events of his life, and his connection with this conflict. TECUMSEH, THE SHAWANOE CHIEFTAIN. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 69 TECUMSEH, AND THE WAR OF 1812. This famous Indian chief was born about the year 1768, not far from the site of the present city of Springfield, Ohio. His father, Puckeshinwa, was a member of the Kisopok tribe of the Swanoese nation, and his mother, Methontaske, was a member of the Turtle tribe of the same people. They removed from Florida about the middle of the last century to the birthplace of Tecumseh. In 1774, his father, who had risen to be chief, was slain at the battle of Point Pleasant, and not long after Tecum- seh, by his bravery, became the leader of his tribe. In 1795 he was declared chief, and then lived at Deer Creek, near the site of the present City of Urbana. He remained here about one year, when he returned to Piqua, and in 1798, he went to White River, Indiana. In 1805, he and his brother, Laulewasikan (Open Door), who had announced himself as a prophet, went to a tract of land on the W abash River, given them by the Pottawatomies and Kickapoos. From this date the chief comes into prominence. He was now about thirty-seven years of age, was five feet and ten inches in height, was stoutly built, and possessed of enormous powers of endurance. His countenance was naturally pleas- ing, and he was, in general, devoid of those savage attributes possessed by most Indians. It is stated he could read and write, and had a confi- dential secretary and adviser, named Billy Caldwell, a half-breed, who afterward became chief of the Pottawatomies. He occupied the first house built on the site of Chicago. At this time, Tecumseh entered upon the great work of his life. He had long objected to the grants of land made by the Indians to the whites, and determined to unite all the Indian tribes into a league, in order that no treaties or grants of land could be made save by the consent of this confederation. He traveled constantly, going from north to south ; from the south to the north, everywhere urging the Indians to this step. He was a matchless orator, and his burning words had their effect. Gen. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana, by watching the move- ments of the Indians, became convinced that a grand conspiracy was forming, and made preparations to defend the settlements. Tecumseh’s plan was similar to Pontiac’s, elsewhere described, and to the cunning artifice of that chieftain was added his own sagacity. During the 3 r ear 1809, Tecumseh and the prophet were actively pre- paring for the work. In that year, Gen. Harrison entered into a treaty with the Delawares, Kickapoos, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel River Indians and Weas, in which these tribes ceded to the whites certain lands upon the Wabash, to all of which Tecumseh entered a bitter protest, averring 70 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. as one principal reason that he did not want the Indians to give up any lands north and west of the Ohio River. Tecumseh, in August, 1810, visited the General at Vincennes and held a council relating to the grievances of the Indians. Becoming unduly angry at this conference he was dismissed from the village, and soon after departed to incite the southern Indian tribes to the conflict. Gen. Harrison determined to move upon the chief’s headquarters at Tippecanoe, and for this purpose went about sixty-five miles up the Wabash, where he built Fort Harrison. From this place he went to the prophet’s town, where he informed the Indians he had no hostile inten- tions, provided they were true to the existing treaties. He encamped near the village early in October, and on the morning of November 7, he was attacked by a large force of the Indians, and the famous battle of Tippecanoe occurred. The Indians were routed and their town broken up. Tecumseh returning not long after, was greatly exasperated at his brother, the prophet, even threatening to kill him for rashly precipitating the war, and foiling his (Tecumseh’s) plans. Tecumseh sent word to Gen. Harrison that he was now returned from the South, and was ready to visit the President as had at one time previously been proposed. Gen. Harrison informed him he could not go as a chief, which method Tecumseh desired, and the visit was never made. In June of the following year, he visited the Indian agent "at Fort Wayne. Here he disavowed any intention to make a war against the United States, and reproached Gen. Harrison for marching against his people. The agent replied to this ; Tecumseh listened with a cold indif- ference, and after making a few general remarks, with a haughty air drew his blanket about him, left the council house, and departed for Fort Mal- den, in Upper Canada, where he joined the British standard. He remained under this Government, doing effective work for the Crown while engaged in the war of 1812 which now opened. He was, however, always humane in his treatment of the prisoners, never allow- ing his warriors to ruthlessly mutilate the bodies of those slain, or wan- tonly murder the captive. In the Summer of 1813, Perry’s victory on Lake Erie occurred, and shortly after active preparations were made to capture Malden. On the 27th of September, the American army, under Gen. Harrison, set sail for the shores of Canada, and in a few hours stood around the ruins of Mal- den, from which the British army, under Proctor, had retreated to Sand- wich, intending to make its way to the heart of Canada by the Valley of the Thames. On the 29th Gen. Harrison was at Sandwich, and Gen. McArthur took possession of Detroit and the territory of Michigan. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 71 On the 2d of October, the Americans began their pursuit of Proctor, whom they overtook on the 5th, and the battle of the Thames followed. Early in the engagement, Tecumseh who was at the head of the column of Indians was slain, and they, no longer hearing the voice of their chief- tain, fled. The victory was decisive, and practically closed the war in the Northwest. INDIANS ATTACKING A STOCKADE. Just who killed the great chief has been a matter of much dispute ; but the weight of opinion awards the act to Col. Richard M. Johnson, who fired at him with a pistol, the shot proving fatal. In 1805 occurred Burr’s Insurrection. He took possession of a beautiful island in the Ohio, after the killing of Hamilton, and is charged by many with attempting to set up an independent government. His plans were frustrated by the general government, his property confiscated and he was compelled to flee the country for safety. 72 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. In January, 1807, Governor Hull, of Michigan Territory, made a treaty with the Indians, whereby all that peninsula was ceded to the United States. Before the close of the year, a stockade was built about Detroit. It was also during this year that Indiana and Illinois endeavored to obtain the repeal of that section of the compact of 1787, whereby slavery was excluded from the Northwest Territory. These attempts, however, all signally failed. In 1809 it was deemed advisable to divide the Indiana Territory. This was done, and the Territory of Illinois was formed from the western part, the seat of government being fixed at Kaskaskia. The next year, the intentions of Tecumseh manifested themselves in open hostilities, and then began the events already narrated. While this war was in progress, emigration to the West went on with surprising rapidity. In 1811, under Mr. Roosevelt of New York, the first steamboat trip was made on the Ohio, much to the astonishment of the natives, many of whom fled in terror at the appearance of the “ monster.” It arrived at Louisville on the 10th day of October. At the close of the first week of January, 1812, it arrived at Natchez, after being nearly overwhelmed in the great earthquake which occurred while on its downward trip. The battle of the Thames was fought on October 6, 1813. It effectually closed hostilities in the Northwest, although peace was not fully restored until July 22, 1814, when a treaty was formed at Green- ville, under the direction of General Harrison, between the United States and the Indian tribes, in which it was stipulated that the Indians should cease hostilities against the Americans if the war were continued. Such, happily, was not the case, and on the 24th of December the treaty of Ghent was signed by the representatives of England and the United States. This treaty was followed the next year by treaties with various Indian tribes throughout the West and Northwest, and quiet was again restored in this part of the new world. On the 18th of March, 1816, Pittsburgh was incorporated as a city. It then had a population of 8,000 people, and was already noted for its manufacturing interests. On April 19, Indiana Territory was allowed to form a state government. At that time there were thirteen counties organized, containing about sixty-three thousand inhabitants. The first election of state officers was held in August, when Jonathan Jennings was chosen Governor. The officers were sworn in on November 7, and on December 11, the State was formally admitted into the Union. For some time the seat of government was at Corydon, but a more central location being desirable, the present capital, Indianapolis (City of Indiana), was laid out January 1, 1825. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 73 On the 28th of December the Bank of Illinois, at Shawneetown, was chartered, with a capital of $300,000. At this period all banks were under the control of the States, and were allowed to establish branches at different convenient points. Until this time Chillicothe and Cincinnati had in turn enjoyed the privileges of being the capital of Ohio. But the rapid settlement of the northern and eastern portions of the State demanded, as in Indiana, a more central location, and before the close of the year, the site of Col- umbus was selected and surveyed as the future capital of the State. Banking had begun in Ohio as early as 1808, when the first bank was chartered at Marietta, but here as elsewhere it did not bring to the state the hoped-for assistance. It and other banks were subsequently unable to redeem their currency, and were obliged to suspend. In 1818, Illinois was made a state, and all the territory north of her northern limits was erected into a separate territory and joined to Mich- igan for judicial purposes. By the following year, navigation of the lakes was increasing with great rapidity and affording an immense source of revenue to the dwellers in the Northwest, but it was not until 1826 that the trade was extended to Lake Michigan, or that steamships began to navigate the bosom of that inland sea. Until the year 1832, the commencement of the Black Hawk War, but few hostilities were experienced with the Indians. Roads were opened, canals were dug, cities were built, common schools were estab- lished, universities were founded, many of which, especially the Michigan University, have achieved a world wide-reputation. The people were becoming wealthy. The domains of the United States had been extended, and had the sons of the forest been treated with honesty and justice, the record of many years would have been that of peace and continuous pros- perity. BLACK HAWK AND THE BLACK HAWK WAR. This conflict, though confined to Illinois, is an important epoch in the Northwestern history, being the last war with the Indians in this part of the United States. Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah, or Black Hawk, was born in the principal Sac village, about three miles from the junction of Rock River with the Mississippi, in the year 1767. His father’s name was Py-e-sa or Pahaes ; his grandfather’s, Na-na-ma-kee, or the Thunderer. Black Hawk early distinguished himself as a warrior, and at the age of fifteen was permitted to paint and was ranked among the braves. About the year 1783, he went on an expedition against the enemies of his nation, the Osages, one 74 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. BLACK HAWK, THE SAC CHIEFTAIN. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 75 of whom he killed and scalped, and for this deed of Indian bravery he was permitted to join in the scalp dance. Three or four years after he, at the head of two hundred braves, went on another expedition against the Osages, to avenge the murder of some women and children belonging to his own tribe. Meeting an equal number of Osage warriors, a fierce battle ensued, in which the latter tribe lost one-half their number. The Sacs lost only about nineteen warriors. He next attacked the Cherokees for a similar cause. In a severe battle with them, near the present City of St. Louis, his father was slain, and Black Hawk, taking possession of the “ Medicine Bag,” at once announced himself chief of the Sac nation. He had now conquered the Cherokees, and about the year 1800, at the head of five hundred Sacs and Foxes, and a hundred Iowas, he waged war against the Osage nation and subdued it. For two years he battled successfully with other Indian tribes, all of whom he conquered. Black Hawk does not at any time seem to have been friendly to the Americans. When on a visit to St. Louis to see his “ Spanish Father,” he declined to see any of the Americans, alleging, as a reason, he did not want two fathers. The treaty at St. Louis was consummated in 1804. The next year the United States Government erected a fort near the head of the Des Moines Rapids, called Fort Edwards. This seemed to enrage Black Hawk, who at once determined to capture Fort Madison, standing on the west side of the Mississippi above the mouth of the Des Moines River. The fort was garrisoned by about fifty men. Here he was defeated. The difficulties with the British Government arose about this time, and the War of 1812 followed. That government, extending aid to the Western Indians, by giving them arms and ammunition, induced them to remain hostile to the Americans. In August, 1812, Black Hawk, at the head of about five hundred braves, started to join the British forces at Detroit, passing on his way the site of Chicago, where the famous Fort Dearborn Massacre had. a few days before occurred. Of his connection with the British Government but little is known. In 1813 he with his little band descended the Mississippi, and attacking some United States troops at Fort Howard was defeated. In the early part of 1815, the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi were notified that peace had been declared between the United States and England, and nearly all hostilities had ceased. Black Hawk did not sign any treaty, however, until May of the following year. He then recog- nized the validity of the treaty at St. Louis in 1804. From the time of signing this treaty in 1816, until the breaking out of the war in 1832, he and his band passed their time in the common pursuits of Indian life. Ten years before the commencement of this war, the Sac and Fox 76 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. Indians were urged to join the Iowas on the west bank of the Father of Waters. All were agreed, save the band known as the British Band, of which Black Hawk was leader. He strenuously objected to the removal, and was induced to comply only after being threatened with the power of the Government. This and various actions on the part of the white set- tlers provoked Black Hawk and his band to attempt the capture of his native village now occupied by the whites. The war followed. He and his actions were undoubtedly misunderstood, and had his wishes been acquiesced in at the beginning of the struggle, much bloodshed would have been prevented. Black Hawk was chief now of the Sac and Fox nations, and a noted warrior. He and his tribe inhabited a village on Rock River, nearly three miles above its confluence with the Mississippi, where the tribe had lived many generations. When that portion of Illinois was reserved to them, they remained in peaceable possession of their reservation, spending their time in the enjoyment of Indian life. The fine situation of their village and the quality of their lands incited the more lawless white settlers, who from time to time began to encroach upon the red men’s domain. From one pretext to another, and from one step to another, the crafty white men gained a foothold, until through whisky and artifice they obtained deeds from many of the Indians for their possessions. The Indians were finally induced to cross over the Father of Waters and locate among the Iowas. Black Hawk was strenuously opposed to all this, but as the authorities of Illinois and the United States thought this the best move, he was forced to comply. Moreover other tribes joined the whites and urged the removal. Black Hawk would not agree to the terms of the treaty made with his nation for their lands, and as soon as the military, called to enforce his removal, had retired, he returned to the Illinois side of the river. A large force was at once raised and marched against him. On the evening of May 14, 1882, the first engagement occurred between a band from this army and Black Hawk’s band, in which the former were defeated. This attack and its result aroused the whites. A large force of Inen was raised, and Gen. Scott hastened from the seaboard, by way of the lakes, with United States troops and artillery to aid in the subjugation of the Indians. On the 24th of June, Black Hawk, with 200 warriors, was repulsed by Major Demont between Rock River and Galena. The Ameri- can army continued to move up Rock River toward the main body of the Indians, and on the 21st of July came upon Black Hawk and his band, and defeated them near the Blue Mounds. Before this action, Gen. Henry, in command, sent word to the main army by whom he was immediately rejoined, and the whole crossed the THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 77 Wisconsin in pursuit of Black Hawk and his band who were fleeing to the Mississippi. They were overtaken on the 2d of August, and in the battle which followed the power of the Indian chief was completely broken. He fled, but was seized by the Winnebagoes and delivered to the whites. On the 21st of September, 1832, Gen. Scott and Gov. Reynolds con- cluded a treaty with the Winnebagoes, Sacs and Foxes by which they ceded to the United States a vast tract of country, and agreed to remain peaceable with the whites. For the faithful performance of the provi- sions of this treaty on the part of the Indians, it was stipulated that Black Hawk, his two sons, the prophet Wabokieshiek, and six other chiefs of the hostile bands should be retained as hostages during the pleasure of the President. They were confined at Fort Barracks and put in irons. The next Spring, by order of the Secretary ‘of War, they were taken to Washington. From there they were removed to Fortress Monroe, “there to remain until the conduct of their nation was such as to justify their being set at liberty.” They were retained here until the 4th of June, when the authorities directed them to be taken to the principal cities so that they might see the folly of contending against the white people. Everywhere they were observed by thousands, the name of the old chief being extensively known. By the middle of August they reached Fort Armstrong on Rock Island, where Black Hawk was soon after released to go to his countrymen. As he passed the site of his birth- place, now the home of the white man, he was deeply moved. His village where he was born, where he had so happily lived, and where he had hoped to die, was now another’s dwelling place, and he was a wanderer. On the next day after his release, he went at once to his tribe and his lodge. His Avife was yet living, and with her he passed the remainder of his days. To his credit it may be said that Black HaAvk always re- mained true to his Avife, and served her with a devotion uncommon among the Indians, living Avith her upward of forty years. Black HaAvk now passed his time hunting and fishing. A deep mel- ancholy had settled over him from which he could not be freed. At all times Avhen he visited the whites he was received with marked atten- tion. He was an honored guest at the old settlers’ reunion in Lee County, Illinois, at some of their meetings, and received many tokens of esteem. In September, 1838, while on his way to Rock Island to receive his annuity from the Government, he contracted a severe cold which resulted in a fatal \attack of bilious fever Avhich terminated his life on October 3. His faithful wife, Avho was devotedly attached to him, mourned deeply during his sickness. After his death he Avas dressed in the uniform pre- sented to him by the President Avhile in Washington. He Avas buried in a grave six feet in depth, situated upon a beautiful eminence. “ The 78 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. body was placed in the middle of the grave, in a sitting posture, upon a seat constructed for the purpose. On his left side, the cane, given him by Henry Clay, was placed upright, with his right hand resting upon it. Many of the old warrior’s trophies were placed in the grave, and some Indian garments, together with his favorite weapons.” No sooner was the Black Hawk war concluded than settlers began rapidly to pour into the northern parts of Illinois, and into Wisconsin, now free from Indian depredations. Chicago, from a trading post, had grown to a commercial center, and was rapidly coming into prominence. In 1835, the formation of a State Government in Michigan was discussed, but did not take active form until two years later, when the State became a part of the Federal Union. The main attraction to that portion of the Northwest lying west of Lake Michigan, now included in the State of Wisconsin, was its alluvial wealth. Copper ore was found about Lake Superior. For some time this region was attached to Michigan for judiciary purposes, but in 1836 was made a territory, then including Minnesota and Iowa. The latter State was detached two years later. In 1848, Wisconsin was admitted as a State, Madison being made the capital. We have now traced the various divisions of the Northwest Territory (save a little in Minnesota) from the time it was a unit comprising this vast territory, until circumstances compelled its present division. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 79 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND ITS AMENDMENTS. We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union , establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity , provide for the common defense, promote the general ivelfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Article I. Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem- bers chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev- eral states which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subse- quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one Representative ; and until such enumeration shall be made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plan- tations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylva- nia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. Sec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years ; and each Senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expira- 80 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore , in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside. And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment according to law. Sec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sen- ators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the Legis- lature thereof ; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. Sec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. Sec. 6 . The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen- sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 81 felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office. Sec. 7 . All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it ; but if not he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi- nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec- tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it* unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and lim- itations prescribed in the case of a bill. Sec. 8. The Congress shall have power — To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes ; To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures ; To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States ; To establish post offices and post roads ; 82 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors, the esclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries ; To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations ; To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water ; To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years ; To provide and maintain a navy ; To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces ; To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the disci- pline prescribed by Congress ; To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful buildings ; and To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any depart- ment or officer thereof. Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev- enue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expeditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 83 No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States : and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. Sec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confeder- ation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of credit ; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. Article II. Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same term, be elected as follows : Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress ; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. [ * The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Pres- ident of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Rep- resentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a ma- jority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President • This clause between brackets has been superseded and annulled by the Twelfth amendment 84 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi- dent.] The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible- to that office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inabil- ity, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the dis- ability be removed, or a President shall be elected. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- pensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of them. Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the fol- lowing oath or affirmation : “ I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.” Sec. 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses against the United States, ex-cept in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con- cur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, : hall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. Sec. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such mea- sures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may on extraordinary CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 85 occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagree- ment between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States. Sec. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con viction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Article III. Section I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ; between a state and citizens of another state ; between citizens of differ- ent states ; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury ; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed ; but when not committed within an}^ state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy- ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the tes- timony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture except during the life of the person attainted. Article IV. Section 1 . Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And 86 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. Sec. 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states. A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime. No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state ; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the states concerned, as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state. Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Execu- tive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic vio- lence. Abticle V. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the ap- plication of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as - part of this Constitution, when rati- fied by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by con- ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifi- cation may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article ; and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. Akticle VI. All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop- tion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem- CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 87 bers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi- cers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying the same. Done in convention by the unanimous c msent of the states present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof vce have hereunto subscribed our names. Article VII. GEO. WASHINGTON, President and Deputy f rom V irginia. New Hampshire. John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman. Delaivare. Geo. Read, John Dickinson, Jaco. Broom, Gunning Bedford, Jr., Richard Bassett. Massachusetts. Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King. Connecticut. Wm. Sam'l Johnson, Roger Sherman. Maryland l. James M‘ Henry, Danl. Carroll, Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. New York. Alexander Hamilton. Virginia. John Blair, James Madison, Jr. New Jersey. Wil. Livingston, Wm. Paterson, David Brearley, Jona. Dayton. North Carolina. Wm. Blount, Hu. Williamson, Rich’d Dobbs Spaight. Pennsylvania. B. Franklin, Robt. Morris, Thos. Fitzsimons, James Wilson, Thos. Mifflin, Geo. Clymer, Jared Ingersoll, Gouv. Morris. South Carolina. J. Rutledge, Charles Pinckney, Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, Pierce Butler. Ceorgia. William Few, Abr. Baldwin. WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. 88 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. Articles in Addition to and Amendatory op the Constitution op the United States of America. Proposed by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several states , pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. Article I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment cf religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Article II. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Article III. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre- scribed by law. Article IV. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be’ vio- lated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Article V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be. subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Article VI. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor ; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. Article VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 89 tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law. Article VIII. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Article IX. The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Article X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. Article XI. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- jects of any foreign state. Article XII. The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name in their ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major- 90 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. ity then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. Article XIII. Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- diction. Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- priate legislation. Article XIV. Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state. Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author^ ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 91 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. Article XV. Section 1 . The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condion of servitude. PERRY’S MONUMENT, CLEVELAND, OHIO, On Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway. PART SECOND. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. HISTORY OF OHIO. I T is not our province in a volume of this description, to delineate the chronol- ogy of prehistoric epochs, or to dwell at length upon those topics pertaining to the scientific causes which tended to the formation of a continent, undiscov- ered for centuries, by the wisdom and energy of those making a history of the Old World, by the advancement of enlightenment in tne Eastern Hemisphere. Naturally, the geological formation of the State of Ohio cannot be entirely separated from facts relative to the strata, which, in remote ages accumulated one layer above the other, and finally constituted a “built-up” America, from a vast sea. The action of this huge body of water washed sediment and what- ever came in its way upon primitive rocks, which were subjected to frequent and repeated submersions, emerging as the water subsided, thus leaving a stratum or layer to solidify and mark its number in the series — a system of growth repeated in trees of the forest — in those descernible rings that count so many years. The southeastern part of North America emerging a second time from the Silurian Sea, which extended west to the Rocky Mountains and north to the primitive hills of British America, a succession of rock -bound, salt-water lakes remained. These covered a large portion of the continent, and their water evaporating, organic and mineral matter remained to solidify. This thick stratum has been designated by geologists as the water-lime layer. This constitutes the upper layer of rock in the larger portion of the west half of Ohio. In other sections it forms the bed rock. Following the lime-rock deposit, must have been more frequent sweeps of the great sea, since the layers are comparatively thin, proving a more speedy change. During this scientific rising and falling of the sea, other actions were taking place, such as volcanic and other influences which displaced the regular- ity of the strata, and occasionally came out in an upheaval or a regular perpen- dicular dip. A disturbance of this character formed the low mountain range extending from the highlands of Canada to the southern boundary of Tennes- see. This “bulge” is supposed to be the consequence of the cooling of the earth and the pressure of the oceans on either side of the continent. Geolo- gists designate this as the Cincinnati arch. This forms a separation between the coal fields of the Alleghanies and those of Illinois. Passing over several periods, w r e reach the glacial, during which the topog- raphy of the continent was considerably modified, and which is among the latest epochs of geology, though exceedingly remote as compared with human 94 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. history. Previously, a torrid heat prevailed the entire Northern hemisphere. Now the temperature of the frigid zone crept southward until it reached Cincin- nati. A vast field of ice, perhaps hundreds of feet thick, extended from the north pole to this point. As this glacial rigor came southward, the flow of the St. Lawrence River was stopped, and the surplus water of the great lake basin was turned into the Ohio and Mississippi. This glacial sea was by no means stationary even after its southern limit had been reached. It possessed the pi’operties of a solid and a fluid. Its action was slow but powerful, grind- ing mountains to powder and forming great valleys and basins. Separating into two glacial portions, one moved toward the watershed north of the Ohio River ; and, continuing westerly, it hollowed out the basin of Lake Erie and crushed the apex of the Cincinnati arch. From this point, it turned south- ward and swept with a regular course through the Maumee and Miami Valleys to the Ohio River. The southern border constantly melting, and flowing toward the Gulf of Mexico, the great field was pressed forward by the accumulations of ice in the northern latitudes. Thus for ages, this powerful force was fitting the earth for the habitation of man. The surface was leveled, huge rocks broken and reduced to pebbles, sand, clay, etc., other soil and surface-material — while the debris was embedded at the bottom. In some sections, as the ice melted and freed the bowlders and rocks, the lighter material was swept away. The glacier moving forward, and the forces proving an “ equilibrium,” the edge of this ice-field was held in a solid stronghold, and the material thus de- posited forms a ridge, called by geologists “terminal moraine,” first exemplified in Ohio by the “Black Swamp,” in the Maumee Valley. The most extreme rigor of this period beginning to wane, the ice of the Maumee and Miami Valleys began to move slowly forward, toward the north, reaching the points now termed Hudson, Mich.; Fort Wayne, Ind., and Kenton, Ohio — reaching somewhat further south than Lima and Van Wert. The edge of the glacier was defined in outline by the present western border of Lake Erie, and parallel with it. Climatic influences “ acting and counteracting,” the glacial force was concentrated, the Maumee Valley being subjected to a grinding proc- ess, and a deposit of material going on, which now forms the boundary of the “ Black Swamp.” As our readers are aware, the waters of the St. Joseph and St. Mary’s meet at Fort Wayne, and their united waters form the Maumee ; thence the turn is northwest, and, wearing an outlet through the ridge, it reaches the head of Lake Erie. The torrid zone yet gaining the ascendency, the ice-fields continuing their reverse motion, and retreating toward the north, the basin of the great lakes was formed ; and the blocks of ice melting therein, a vast sea of fresh water was. formed, which gradually overflowed a portion of Canada and Michigan. But the St. Lawrence, that important outlet, was under the restraint of an ice blockade, and the surplus water of the fresh sea was turned into the Ohio and and Mississippi. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 95 Later, mountains of ice-float were drifted from the north by winds and cur- rents, into temperate latitudes, and melting, deposited rocks, stones and general debris. Following the iceberg-drift, came the permanent elevation above the ocean- level. The St. Lawrence outlet was formed. The inland sea was assuming its division into lakes. The united waters of Erie and Huron flowed through the Wabash Valley and into the Ohio, until, through some agency, that section was dry, and the lakes drained in another direction. The action of the glacial period in the Erie basin vicinity created wliat is known as the “ Niagara lime- stone,” by grinding upper strata and drifting the debris elsewhere. This seems to have occurred at intervals, exposures being made in Seneca, Sandusky and Wood Counties, and beneath the axis of the Cincinnati arch. Oriskany lime- stone is also available in another stratum, which has been brought to the surface. Again, there is a carboniferous stratum of limestone, and along the Maumee is a thin exposure of the Hamilton limestone and shale. A glacier having both fluid and solid properties, it will readily be compre- hended that obdurate projections of rock resisted its action, and created currents in other directions, for its forces. When this specified epoch had ceased to be, Ohio was a rough, irregular and crude mixture of ridges and knobs and pinnacles, which were “ leveled up ” and finished by iceberg-drift and inland-sea deposits. This settled and accumulated, and the work of hundreds of years produced a beautiful surface, its inequalities overcome, the water having receded and “terra firma” remaining. A deep bed of clay, sufficiently compact to hold the germs of organic matter, and sufficiently porous to absorb moisture, was especially adapted to encourage the growth of vegetation. These seeds had been brought by the winds and waves and natural agencies, and now began to produce plants and shrubs, which withered to enrich the soil, after scattering broadcast seeds that would again perpetuate verdure. Worms, land crabs and burrowing ani- mals assisted in the creation of soil, while the buffalo, deer and bear followed, as soon as forestry appeared. Decomposed foliage and fallen timber aided in the great work of preparing the present State of Ohio for the habitation of man. Prairie, marsh, forest, rivers and lakes were formed, which, in turn, were modi- fied and prepared for a grand destiny by other influences. In glancing over the compiled histories of Ohio, those containing details of her early struggles, afflictions and triumphs, we are especially impressed with its near and sympathetic relation with the great Northwest, and the republic of the United States of America. From the early years when white men built their rude cabins in the then tangled wilderness, to the opulent and magnificent present of this united nation, Ohio has been stanch, loyal and earnest, both in action and principle. We shall endeavor to trace the history of the State concisely and accurately, according to the data given by the most reliable historians. We are obliged to glean the prominent events only, our space being limited, compared with the multitudinous interests connected with this important part of the United States. 96 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. FRENCH HISTORY. All through early French history, is the fact especially prominent, that in their explorations and expeditions, they united piety and business. They were zealous in sending out their missionaries, but they were always attended by traders and those who were as skilled in the world’s profit and loss, as their companions were in propagating Christianity. Prior to the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers upon Plymouth Rock, the Upper Lakes were visited by the French, and records prove that during the first half of the seventeenth century, a vagabondish set, working in the interests of the fur company of New France, understood the geographical position of the lakes and their tributary streams. M. Perrot, an intelligent explorer, made overtures of peace to the Indian tribes around these bodies of water, and effected a treaty, which, it is claimed, established the right for the French, in the name of their king, to hold the place near St. Mary’s Falls. They further assert that the Mississippi was discovered by the French from Lake Superior, but this is not authenticated, and Father Marquette and M. Joliet are accepted as the first who found this large stream, in 1763. The good missionary won his way with his patient and sympathetic nature. Ohio was, like the other portions of the West, originally in the possession of aborigines or Indians. Of their origin, many suppositions are advanced, but no certainties sustained. From practical evidences, the Mound-Builders were active in Ohio, and here as elsewhere, their work marked retrogression rather than advancement. The territory of Ohio was claimed by the French, and included in that wide tract between the Alleghanies and the Rockies, held by them under the name of Louisiana. Before the year 1750, a French trad- ing-post was established at the mouth of the Wabash, and communication was established between that point and the Maumee, and Canada. Between the years 1678 and 1682, the intrepid La Salle and Father Hennepin, assisted by Fondi, an Italian, with a small band of followers, inaugurated a series of explorations about the great lakes and the Mississippi, building forts on their way and planting the French priority. In 1680, La Salle erected a stockade at the foot of the rapids of the Maumee, which was a general rendezvous for mission- aries, traders and explorers, besides constituting a primitive “stock exchange.’' The English colonies were at this time east of the Alleghanies, while the French were establishing themselves west of this range, gaining an entrance north and south, the two portions separated by hostile and barbarous foes. La Salle’s spirit of adventure led him into new fields, but Father Hennepin was detailed to investigate that part of the world now known as the State of Ohio. The records assert that he published a volume containing an account of his observations “in the country between New Mexico and the frozen ocean,” in 1684, together with maps of Lakes Erie, Huron and Michigan, and a plat of the larger streams in Ohio. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 97 Apparently, the French more speedily comprehended the value of their advantages in the New World than the English, and vigorously inaugurated and sustained commercial and religious projects. They were essentially benefited by the mediation of the Catholic priests between settlers and Indians, this really earnest class everywhere ingratiating themselves with the savages. The Order of Jesuits were very vigorous, and representatives were stationed at every trading-post, village and settlement. The English colonists engaged mostly in agriculture, while the French took a lively interest in the fur trade with the natives, probably from their former settlement in Quebec and thereabouts, where the climate is advantageous for this business. This added to the influence of the priests, and the natural assimilation of French and the Indians, through the tact and amiability of the former, the French possessions gained more rapidly than the English or Spanish. They courted their daughters and married them. They engaged in feasts and trades, and took advantage of those unimpeded times to extend their dominion with surprising celerity. A chain of trading, missionary and military posts extended from New Orleans to Quebec, by way of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers, thence via Mackinaw and Detroit to Lakes Erie and Ontario. This route was shortened thereafter by following the Ohio River to the Wabash, following the latter upward, and down the Maumee to Lake Erie. About the same time, and to check the advancement of the French, the Ohio Company was formed by the English. This was an outgrowth of the contest between these two nations for the ascendency, whether empire, settle- ment or individual. After thirty years’ peace between these two nations, “King George's War” opened the campaign in 1744, but terminated in 1748, the treaty at Aix-la-Chapelle unfortunately omitting a settlement of any division of claims in America. The English, French and Spanish were the first to enter America, and the right of possession by each monarch or empire was held by right of a first discovery. The only right that England could advance regarding Ohio was that the portion of the Six Nations found in the Ohio Valley had placed some of their lands under British jurisdiction, and that other portions had been purchased at Lancaster, Penn., by means of a treaty with the same nations. All this was strenuously denied and ignored by the French. Thus several conflicting influences swept carnage over fair Ohio. The Indians were allied to one side and the other, and were against each other. The Indians and French would advance against the English, and they, in retaliation, would make a raid into the Indian territory and overcome a French settlement. Whenever they could as well, Indians would take the cause in their own keep- ing and fight each other. The wide, verdant fields of Ohio were drenched ghastly red under a glowing sun, and the great forests echoed moans from the dying and distressed. The English colonists had partially overcome their deprivation, caused by a struggle for subsistence, and means to guard against the savages — this distress augmented by campaigns against Canada — by their 98 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. increased numbers and wealth, but were now alarmed by the French rule in America, which gained so rapidly, unmolested as it was by Indian raids and other devastating circumstances. A constant conflict was going on between Lake Erie and the Upper Ohio. Atrocities and massacres were committed indiscriminately, which opened the way for a desperate class of marauders and villains from the colonies and European States. These people enlisted with the Indians on either side for the purpose of leadership and plunder. Every fortification, trading-post and settlement was garrisoned or deserted, and the ground between the Alleghanies and the Maumee became a conflict field, rife with thrilling deeds, sacrifice and adventures, the half never having been chronicled, and many heroes falling uncrowned by even a lasting memory, since during these times the people kept few annals, and cared less for historical memories than anything on earth. They were living, and dying, and struggling, and that was more than they could carry through safely. The French formed a road from the Ohio River to Detroit, via the foot of the Lower Rapids of the Maumee, and the foot of the Lower Rapids of the Sandusky. The Ohio Company obtained a charter under English views, from the British Government, with a grant of 6,000 acres of land on the Ohio. The English now reverted to the times of the Cabots, and protested that by right they held the entire country between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, bounded by those parallels of latitude defining their Atlantic coast settlements. France claimed the region drained by the Mississippi and tributaries, the great lakes and their tributaries, the area being west of the Alleghanies. Ohio was thus included in the disputed tract. The Ohio Company was formed in 1848, by a number of Virginians and Londoners, two brothers of George Washington taking conspicuous parts in the movement ; Thomas Lee was especially active. When the surveys were begun, the Governor of Canada entered vigorous protests, and indicated his displeasure by a prompt line of posts from Erie to Pittsburgh, named respectively, Presque Isle, Le Boeuf, Vedango, Kittaning and Du Quesne. The latter was begun by the English, captured by the French, and by them completed. The first English settlement of which we can find traces was a block -house at Piqua, about the year 1752. It was attacked, and a bitter struggle ensued, resulting in the death of fourteen of the assailants. Those within the garrison suffered severely, many being burned, and the remainder captured and dis- patched to Canada. In 1753, the French and Indian war actively began. It did not extend beyond the American continent until 1756, when the home governments took an interest in its progress beyond encouraging their respective colonists to pur- sue the war-path to a direful finale for their adversaries. For four years, the French captured and conquered, spreading terror wherever they went, and they followed every Englishman that set his foot on Ohio soil to the death. We may state that these people had not retained their civilized habits, and HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 99 constant association with savages had embued them with barbarous methods of warfare which were sickening and revolting to the English, and to which they could not resort. It is highly probable that French success was vastly brought about by these means, together with the assistance of their Indian allies. In 1758, when the English hope was almost exterminated, the elder Pitt being placed at the head of the administration, a new and energetic system was inaugurated, wise measures instituted, and military science triumphed over savage cunning and French intrigue. The first brilliant English achievement was the conquest of Canada. When the home governments interfered, the war assumed the character of a French and English conflict, regardless of Indian right, yet the tribes continued to participate in the carnage. A certain Christian, Frederick Post, a Moravian missionary, located upon the Muskingum, near Beavertown. Heckewelder consented to become his associate. The Indians receiving them kindly, under conditions that Post should serve as tutor, this missionary began clearing a field for the purpose of planting corn for sustenance. This did not accord with Indian logic. They had stipulated that he teach and he was planting corn, which to them was a signal of the coming of other whites, the building of a fort and encroachments upon the Indians. They referred to the French priests, who were in good physical condition, did not till land, but were in charge of the Great Spirit who provided for them, a conclusive proof to them that when divine work was acceptable to the Great Spirit, priests were somehow sustained by other than the plans which disturbed their great hunting-grounds. However, they allowed him a small space, and he remained with them, preaching and teaching during the summer of 1762, when, accompanied by one of the principal chiefs, he returned to Lancaster, Penn., where a treaty was concluded. On his return to his post, he was met by Heckewelder, who imparted the tidings that friendly Indians had warned him that the war was about to sweep over their section, and destruction awaited them if they remained. The mission was accordingly abandoned. This failure was not so bitter as the English effort to sustain their trading-post in 1749, on the Great Miami, afterward called Laramie’s store. It pursued a feeble existence until 1752, when a French raid upon the Twig- twees and English colonists proved fatal. A European treaty now excluded the French from any rights to make treaties with the Indians, and the English, in their flush of victory after Pitt’s succession, assumed the authority over Indians and lands. The savages did not accept the situation with anything resembling the gentle spirit of resigna- tion, and the Ottawa chief, Pontiac, led the several tribes into a general war against the intruders. It was no longer French and English, but Indian and English, the former being instigated and assisted many times by the French, now desperate and unscrupulous in a mad spirit for revenge. The intention of the Indians was to drive the whites east of the mountains, destroying their numerous strongholds in Pennsylvania and Virginia, if they 100 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. failed in their hope of utterly exterminating them. Pontiac had effected a consolidation of the tribes ranging from Mackinaw to North Carolina, thus being enabled to swoop down upon all the settlements simultaneously. A deadly beginning was made in the Ohio Valley, and only two or three English traders escaped out of the one hundred and twenty located in that vicinity. The forts at Presque Isle, St. Joseph and Mackinaw, were captured amid scenes of slaughter too terrible to perpetuate in description. The years 1763 and 1764 were literally drenched in human carnage and anguish. Ohio was a great field of crime, murder, pain and horror. The expeditions of Bradstreet and Bouquet crushed the war in 1764, and Pontiac with his Ottawas removed to the Maumee and settled. English settlement now progressed with great rapidity, but this was destined to be disturbed in 1774, by the action of Lord Dunmore, who led an expedition against the tribes of the Ohio country, termi- nated by his treaty on the Scioto plains. At this period, the colonists were not in strict harmony with England, and the spirit of revolution was spreading every day. When Lord Dunmore made his treaty, the affirmation was made and gained ground that he, being a thorough loyalist, had compromised under such terms as held the Indians British allies against the settlers. Directly following this treaty, was the deliberate murder of a number of Indians, near Wheeling, including the family of the great chief, Logan — which inaugurated retaliating atrocities. In the year 1781, April 16, the first white child was born within the pres- ent limits of Ohio, and was christened Mary Heckewelder, daughter of a Mora- vian missionary. All the settlers of these Moravian towns on the Muskingum were made prisoners in September of the same year. Heckwelder was trans- ported to Detroit, but English tyranny failed to find any evidence against him or his colaborers, and they were reluctantly released, and returned to their fam- ilies in Sandusky. Poverty added to their sufferings, and in the forlorn hope of finding a remnant of their property at the old settlements, which might assist in mitigating their necessities, they wearily went thitherward. They began gathering their grain, but the Wyandots attacked them, and many lives were lost. Frontiersmen had also grown jealous of them, and a body of about ninety marched out together, for the fiendish purpose of pillaging, slaughtering and laying waste all Moravian towns and posts. With the wily insidiousness of savages, they went about their diabolical plan. The Moravians were cordial and bade this band welcome, when they reached their towns in the guise of friend- ship. Williamson, the leader, and the gleaners, were called from the fields, when, to the dismay of these trusting and frank people, they were all bound, and only fifteen out of the marauding band of ninety were in favor of even sparing the lives of these hapless men, women and children. Forty men, twenty-two women and thirty-four children were then cruelly and heartlessly murdered, their sufferings laughed to scorn, and the last sound that fell on their HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 101 ears was exultant derision. It would seem that whatever the Indians left un- done, in the way of horror, in the State of Ohio, the whites improved upon, and blackened the pages of American history with deeds of blood. Succeeding this barbarity, was the expedition against Moravian Indian towns, upon the San- dusky. Not an Indian, whether an enemy or friend, old or young, male or female, was to escape the assault, including an extermination of the Moravian element. Col. William Crawford led the expedition, which counted 500 men, in their dastardly work. Warning had in some manner reached the towns, and the troops found them deserted. But the Indians were incensed, and their wrath had not driven them to hiding-places, but to a preparation to meet their foes. They fought desperately, and Crawford’s troops were defeated and scattered, many being captured, and among them, Col. Crawford himself. It is hardly probable that Crawford could justly expect much mercy at the hands of his captors. His battle-cry had been “no quarter,” and yet he evi- dently hoped for some consideration, as he requested an interview with Simon Girty, who lived with and influenced the Indians. Accounts state that Craw- ford implored the aid of Girty, and at last secured a promise to use his power to obtain the Colonel’s pardon. However, this was of no avail, and it is doubt- ful whether Girty was disposed to intercede. The prisoners were tortured and put to death, and Crawford’s agonies were protracted as long as possible. Dr. Knight managed to disable the Indian who had him in charge, and made his escape to the settlements, where he related the result of the expedition and the tortures of the captured. On October 27, 1784, a treaty was concluded, at Fort Stanwix, with the sachems and warriors of the Mohawks, Onondagas, Senecas, Cayugas, Onei- das and Tuscarawas, and the Six Nations then ceded to the Colonial Govern- ment all claims to the country west of a line defined by the western boundary to the Ohio — thus rendering the Indian claim to a large portion of Ohio lands practically extinct. Although the French and Indian war was a series of heart-rending events, it was a serious and remarkable school of discipline for the untrained troops which soon engaged in the Revolutionary struggle. On the fields of Ohio, many valuable officers, who earned distinction in the war of independence, learned their first lessons in intrepid valor. During the Revolution, the colonial troops were engaged east of the moun- tains, and western settlements and frontier people were left alone to defend them- selves and their property against encroachments and attacks. The Indian tribes again became belligerent, and united with the English O C 7 o against the “Americans.” The latter held a line of posts along the Upper Ohio, while the British were stationed in the old French strongholds on the lakes and the Mississippi. The unscrupulous whites and Indians ranged at ran- dom between this boundary and the Cuyahoga, thence southerly to the Ohio, 102 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. thus including the Scioto and Miami Valleys. Southeastern Ohio constituted “the neutral ground.” Gen. Clarke’s expedition, although chiefly confined to Indiana and Illinois, greatly influenced the settlement of Ohio. His exploits and the resolution of his troops were chiefly instrumental in holding the country west of the Alle- ghanies, and insuring its possession by the United States during the Revolution. The British had been emphatic, in the Paris treaty, at the time of the settlement of the French and English difficulties, in demanding the Ohio River as the northern boundary of the United States. The American Commissioners relied upon Gen. Clarke’s valor and energy in holding the country west of the Alle- ghanies, which he had conquered, and the British Commissioners were compelled to give their consent, under civil and military measures. In 1783, by the treaty of Paris, at the close of the Revolutionary war, the English relinquished all rights to the fertile territory between the Alleghanies and the Mississippi, and the United States held undisputed possession. January 10, 1786, Gens. Rufus Putnam and Benjamin Tupper circulated a pamphlet, proposing the formation of a company for the purpose of settling the Ohio lands, and soliciting the attention and consideration of all those desiring a future home and prosperity. A meeting was also called, to assemble during the following February, and select delegates to represent each county in Massachu- setts. These dignitaries should convene during the month of March, at the “ Bunch of Grapes ” tavern, in Boston, for the purpose of definitely forming the association, and adopting such measures as would benefit all directly interested. The meeting and “ convention ” followed, and the subscription books were opened. One million dollars, chiefly represented by Continental certificates, was the price of the land. The shares were valued at $1,000 each, and there was a division of a thousand shares. The first payment was to be $10 per share, this money to be set aside for such expenses as might accrue. A year’s interest was to be devoted to the establishment of the settlement, and those families who were unable to incur the expense of moving were to be assisted. Those who purchased shares to the number of twenty were entitled to a representation by an agent, who was permitted to vote for Directors. This plan matured and was acted upon during the following year. It may be that the action of Connecti- cut, in ceding her territorial claims to the General Government, with few excep- tions, greatly encouraged this new undertaking. That tract was, until recently, designated the “Western Reserve” — an extent 170 miles from the western boundary of Pennsylvania, and parallel thereto, being reserved. On October 27, 1787, a contract was made between the Board of the Treas- ury, for the United States, and Manasseh Cutler and Winthrop Sargent, agents for the Directors of the New England Ohio Company, for the purchase of a tract of land, bounded by the Ohio, and from the mouth of the Scioto to the inter- section of the western boundary of the seventh townships, then surveying ; thence by said boundary to the northern boundary of the tenth township from HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 103 the Ohio ; thence, by a due west line, to the Scioto ; thence, by the Scioto, to the beginning. However fertile and attractive Ohio was known to have been, settlement did not gain rapidly after the close of the war with England, although the United States has gained her freedom. It was more than six years after Cornwallis laid down his sword, before a white settlement was formed on the Ohio side of the river. The French and Indian war had incited the English to be jealous of her colonial conquests, and mistrusting their loyalty, they had, so soon as the French claims were annulled, taken measures to crush all colonial claims also, and a royal proclamation rescinded all colonial land grants and charters, holding all the country west of the sources of the Atlantic rivers under the protection and sovereignty of the king of Great Britain, for the use of the Indians. All white persons were forbidden to remain or settle within the prescribed limits. Parlia- ment then attached this tract to Quebec, and the English Government felt assured that the thirteen colonies were restricted and held secure east of the Alleghanies. The result of the war between the colonies and England did not constitute an Indian treaty. Although England signed over her title and right, the sava- ges held the land and ignored all white agreements, one way or the other. Whenever an attempt at settlement was undertaken, Indian depredations proved disastrous. The tribes were encouraged by the English fur traders, and the English commandant at Detroit incited them to destroy all Americans who attempted to usurp the rights of red men. Added to this serious difficulty was the unsettled debate regarding State claims, w T hich rendered a title precarious. A treaty, signed at Fort McIntosh, previous to the war, and authenticated, shows that during the conflict the Dela- wares and Wyandots occupied the Indian and British frontier, on the southern shore of Lake Erie, from the Cuyahoga to the Maumee, and from the lake to the sources of its tributaries. Later, these two tribes ceded to the United States “the neutral ground,” by warranty deed, and by quit-claim, the terri- tory south and west of the described tract, set apart for their use. By special measures, the grant of Congress in the matter of the Ohio Com- pany extended to nearly 5,000,000 acres, valued at $3,500,000. The original Ohio Company obtained 1,500,000 acres, the remaining being reserved by indi- viduals, for private speculation. The same year, Congress appointed Arthur St. Clair, Governor, and Win- throp Sargent, Secretary, of the Territory. Fort Harmar had previously been built, at the mouth of the Muskingum, and in 1788, a New England colony attempted the “ Muskingum settlement,” on the opposite side, which was afterward named Marietta. In July, 1788, the Territorial officers were received in this village, and there established the first form of civil government, as set forth in the Ordinance of 1787. Three United States Judges were appointed, and Courts of Common Pleas, Probate and Justice were established. 104 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. If the stormy times were supposed to he of the past, that composure was rudely broken by the utter disregard of the Shawnee and other Indian tribes, who soon induced the Delawares and Wyandots to repudiate their consent in the matter of settlement. The miseries of frontier horrors were repeated. The British commandant at Detroit instigated many of these hostilities, yet the American Govei'nment took honorable action in assuring the English represent- ative that American military preparations in the West was not an expedition against Detroit, or other British possessions, although the possession of Detroit by that nation was in direct opposition to the treaty of 1783. Gov. St. Clair, to avert the direful consequences of a border war, dispatched a Frenchman, Gameline, to the principal Indian towns of the Wabash and Maumee countries, to request them to meet the United States agents, and make a compromise for the benefit of both parties, at the same time reiterating the desire of the General Government to adhere to the Fort Harmar treaty. The Miamis, Shawnees, Ottawas, Kickapoos and Delawares received this representative kindly, but declined the wampum sent by the Governor, and deferred giving an answer until they had considered the subject with the “ father at Detroit.” Blue Jacket, chief of the Shawnees, informed the Frenchman that the Indi- ans doubted the sincerity of the Americans. The new settlement on the Ohio was a proof that the whites intended to crowd further and further, until the Indians were again and again robbed of their just right. He then emphatically asserted that unless the north side of the river was kept free from these inroads there could be no terms of peace with the Shawnees, and many other tribes. Blue Jacket was unusually intelligent and sagacious, and expressed himself eloquently. He was persistent in his determination to engage in the war of extermination, should the white settlements continue north of the Ohio. These overtures were continued, but they failed in producing any arrange- ment that permitted the whites to locate north of the Ohio. Congress called upon Kentucky and Pennsylvania to lend the aid of their militia. Gen. Harmar was instructed to destroy the Miami villages at the head of the Maumee. Late in the fall of 1790, he executed this order. The Indians had stored a large quantity of provisions, in expectation of a campaign, and this dependence was devastated. Without authority, and with undue carelessness, he divided his army and attempted to achieve other victo- ries. He more than lost what he had gained. Two raids upon the Wabash In- dians, thereafter, proved successful, but the campaign under Gov. St. Clair was not calculated to establish peace or obtain power, and was deemed but little less than a failure. The year 1792 was a series of skirmishes, so far as a settlement was con- cerned, but 1793 succeeded well enough to convene a meeting of United States Commissioners and representatives of the hostile tribes, at the rapids of the Maumee. It is highly probable that a satisfactory treaty might have been arranged, had it not been for the intervention and malicious influence of the HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 105 British Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Col. McKee, his assistant Capt. Elliott, and the notorious Capt. Simon Girty, who instigated the savages to deeds more horrible than their own barbarisms. It was evident that a severe struggle must ensue, and Capt. Wayne, in 1792, appointed to the command of the Western army, was called upon to con- duct the campaign. He exhibited his wisdom in the beginning, by preparing his men in military discipline and fully equipping them before marching to meet a savage foe in a wilderness. Various causes detained the army, and it was not until the fall of 1793, that the force marched from Fort Washington (Cincin- nati) to begin the battle. It was already late in the season, and, before any progress had been made, the army went into winter quarters at Greenville, on a branch of the Big Miami. In the mean time, the Ohio Company had not matured its practical “ settle- ment plan,” although a generous grant had been obtained. In 1792, they received a clear title to 750,000 acres of land, for which the full price had pre- viously been paid, in Continental currency. Congress set aside 214,285 acres as army bounties, and 100,000 acres to actual settlers. The two latter appro- priations joined that of the Ohio Company. There had been numerous conventions, discussions and other fruitless attempts to somehow form a plan for the government of the Northwest Terri- tory, but it was not until July 13, 1787, that an ordinance was passed, and that was the result of Hr. Cutler’s efforts. Every State sustained its measures. This ordinance was the foundation of the constitution of the future State of Ohio, and indeed, permeates the entire Northwestern creed. ORDINANCE OF 1787.— No. 32. An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, Northwest of the Ohio River. Be it ordained by the United States in Congress assembled, That the said Territory, for the pur- pose of government, be one district; subject, however, to be divided into two districts, as future cir- cumstances may, in the opinion of Congress, make it expedient. Be it ordained by the authority aforesaid, That the estates of both resident and non-resident proprietors in the said Territory, dying intestate, shall descend to and be distributed among their children and the descendants of a deceased child, in equal parts ; the descendants of a deceased child or grandchild to take the share of their deceased parent in equal parts among them. And when there shall be no children or descendants, then in equal parts to the next of kin in equal degree ; and among collaterals, the children of a deceased brother or sister of the intestate shall have, in equal parts among them, their deceased parent’s share; and there shall in no case be a distribution between kindred of the whole and half blood, saving in all cases to the widow of intestate, her third part of the real estate, for life, and one-third part of the personal estate ; and this law relative to descents and dower, shall remain in full force until altered by the Legis- lature of the district. And until the Governor and Judges shall adopt laws as hereinafter mentioned, estates in said Territory may be devised or bequeathed by wills in writing, signed and sealed by him or her in whom the estate may be (being of full age), and attested by three witnesses ; and real estate may be conveyed by lease and release, or bargain and sale, signed and sealed, and delivered by the person (being in full age) in whom the estate may be, and attested 106 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. by two witnesses, provided such wills he duly proved, and such conveyances be acknowledged, or the execution thereof duly proved and be recorded within one year after proper magistrates, courts and registers shall be appointed for that purpose. And personal property may be trans- ferred by delivery, saving, however, to the French and Canadian inhabitants and other settlers of the Kaskaskias, St. Vincent’s and the neighboring villages, who have heretofore professed them- selves citizens of Virginia, their laws and customs now in force among them, relative to the descent and conveyance of property. Be it ordained by the authority aforesaid, That there shall be appointed from time to time, by Congress, a Governor whose commission shall continue in force for a term of three years, unless sooner revoked by Congress. He shall reside in the district and have a freehold estate therein, of a thousand acres of land while in the exercise of his office. There shall be appointed from time to time by Congress, a Secretary whose commission shall continue in force for two years, unless sooner revoked. He shall reside in the district, and shall have a freehold estate therein in 500 acres of land, while in the exercise of his office. It shall be his duty to keep and preserve the acts and laws passed by the Legislature, and the public records of the district, and the proceedings of the Governor in his executive department, and transmit authentic copies of such acts and proceedings every six months, to the Secretary of Congress. There shall also be appointed a court to consist of three Judges, any two of whom to form a court, who shall have a common law jurisdiction and shall reside in the district and have each therein a freehold estate in 500 acres of land, while in the exercise of their office, and their commissions shall continue in force during good behavior. The Governor and Judges, or a majority of them, shall adopt and publish in the district such laws of the original States, criminal and civil, as may be necessary and best suited to the circumstances of the district, and report them to Congress from time to time, which laws shall be in force in the district until the organization of the General Assembly therein, unless disapproved by Congress. But afterward, the Legislature shall have authority to alter them, as they shall think fit. The Governor, for the time being, shall be commander-in-chief of the militia, appoint and commission all officers in the same, below the rank of general officers. All general officers shall be appointed and commissioned by Congress. Previous to the organization of the General Assembly, the Governor shall appoint such mag- istrates and other civil officers in each county or township, as he shall find necessary for the preservation of the peace and good order in the same. After the General Assembly shall be organized, the powers and duties of magistrates and other civil officers shall be regulated and defined by the said Assembly, but all magistrates and other civil officers not herein otherwise directed, shall, during the continuance of this temporary government, be appointed by the Governor. For the prevention of crimes and injuries, the laws to be adopted or made shall have force in all parts of the district, and for the execution of process, criminal or civil, the Governor shall make proper divisions thereof, and he shall proceed from time to time as circumstances may require, to lay out the parts of the district in which the Indian titles shall have been extin- guished, into counties and townships, subject, however, to such alterations as may thereafter be made by the Legislature. So soon as there shall be 5,000 free male inhabitants of full age in the district, upon giving proof thereof to the Governor, they shall receive authority with time and place, to elect representatives from their counties or townships, to represent them in the General Assembly. Provided, That for every 500 free male inhabitants, there shall be one representative, and so on progressively with the number of free male inhabitants, shall the right of representa- tion increase, until the number of representatives shall amount to twenty-five. After which, the number shall be regulated by the Legislature. Provided, That no person be eligible or qualified to act as a representative unless he shall have been a citizen of one of the United States three years, and be a resident in the district, or unless he shall have resided in the district three years, and in either case, shall likewise hold in his own right in fee simple 200 acres of land within the same. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 107 Provided, Also, that a freehold in 50 acres of land in the district, having been a citizen of one of the States, and being a resident in the district, or the like^ freehold and two years’ resi- dence in the district, shall be necessary to qualify a man as an elector of a representative. The representatives thus elected, shall serve for the term of two years. And in case of the death of a representative or removal from office, the Governor shall issue a writ to the county or township for which he was a member, to elect another in his stead, to serve for the residue of the term. The General Assembly or Legislature shall consist of the Governor, Legislative Council, and a House of Representatives. The Legislative Council shall consist of five members, to continue in office five years, unless sooner removed by Congress; any three of whom to be a quorum. And the members of the Council shall be nominated and appointed in the following manner, to wit ; As soon as representatives shall be elected, the Governor shall appoint a time and place for them to meet together, and when met, they shall nominate ten persons, residents in the district, and each person in a freehold in 500 acres of land, and return their names to Congress, five of whom Congress shall appoint and commission as aforesaid. And whenever a vacancy shall hap- pen in the Council by death or removal from office, the House of Representatives shall nominate two persons, qualified as aforesaid, for each vacancy, and return their names to Congress, one of whom Congress shall appoint and commission for the residue of the term. And every five years, fpur months at least before the expiration of the time of service of the members of the Council, the said House shall nominate ten persons qualified as aforesaid, and return their names to Congress, five of whom Congress shall appoint and commission to serve as members of the Council five years, unless sooner removed. And the Governor, Legislative Council and House of Representatives shall have authority to make laws in all cases, for the good government of the district, not repugnant to the principles and articles in this Ordinance, established and declared. And all bills having passed by a majority in the House, and by a majority in the Council, shall be referred to the Governor for his assent. But no bill or legislative act whatever, shall be of any force without his assent. The Governor shall have power to convene, prorogue and dis- solve the General Assembly, when in his opinion it shall be expedient. The Governor, Judges, Legislative Council, Secretary, and such other officers as Congress shall appoint in the district, shall take an oath or affirmation of fidelity and of office. The Gov- ernor before the President of Congress, and all other officers before the Governor. As soon as a Legislature shall be formed in the district, the Council and House assembled in one room, shall have authority by joint ballot to elect a delegate to Congress, who shall have a seat in Congress, with a right of debating, but not of voting, during this temporary gov- ernment. And for extending the fundamental principles of civil and religious liberty, which forms the basis whereon these republics, their laws and constitutions, are created ; to fix and establish those principles as the basis of all laws, constitutions and governments, which forever hereafter shall be formed in said Territory. To provide for the establishment of States, and permanent governments therein, and for their admission to a share in the Federal Council on an equal footing with the original States, at as early periods as may be consistent with the general interest. It is hereby ordained and declared by the authority aforesaid, That the following articles shall be considered as articles of compact between the original States and the people, and States in said Territory, and forever remain unaltered unless by common consent, to wit: Article II. The inhabitants of said Territory shall always be entitled to the benefits of the writ of habeas corpus, and of the trial by jury; of a proportionate representation of the people in the Legislature, and of judicial procedure according to the course of common law. All per- sons shall be bailable, except for capital offenses, where the proof shall be evident or the pre- sumption great. All fines shall be moderate, and no cruel or unreasonable punishment shall be inflicted. No man shall be deprived of his liberty or property, but by the judgment of his peers or the law of the land. And should the public exigencies make it necessary for the common preservation, to take any person’s property, or to demand his particular services, full compensation 108 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. shall be made for the same. And in the just preservation of rights and property, it is under- stood and declared that no law aught ever to be made or have force in the said Territory, that shall in any manner whatever interfere with or effect private contracls or engagements bona fide and without fraud, previously formed. Art. III. Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged. The utmost good faith shall always be observed toward the Indians ; their lands and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and in their property, rights and liberty they shall never be invaded or disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized by Congress. But laws founded in justice and humanity, shall from time to time be made for preventing wrongs being done to them, and for preserving peace and friendship with them. Art. IV. The said Territory and the States which may be formed therein, shall ever remain a part of the confederacy of the United States of America, subject to the articles of confedera- tion, and to such alterations therein as shall be constitutionally made, and to all the acts and ordinances of the United States in Congress assembled conformable thereto. The inhabitants and settlers in said Territory shall be subject to pay a part of the federal debts contracted or to be contracted, and a proportional part of the expenses of the Government, to be apportioned on them by Congress, according to the same common rule and measure by which apportionments thereo'f shall be made on the other States, and the taxes for paying their proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and directions of the Legislature of the district or districts or new States, within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled. The Legisla- tures of those districts or new States, shall never interfere with the primary disposal of the soil by the United States in Congress assembled, nor with any regulations Congress may find neces- sary for securing the title in such soil to the bona-fide purchasers. No tax shall be imposed on lands the property of the United States, and in no case, shall non-residents be taxed higher than residents. The navigable waters leading into the Mississippi and St Lawrence, and the carry- ing places between the same, shall be common highways, and forever free as well to the inhabi- tants of the said Territory as to the citizens of the United States and those of any other States that may be admitted into the confederacy, without any tax, impost or duty therefor. Art. V. There shall be formed in said Territory not less than three, nor more than five, States, and the boundaries of the States, as soon as Virginia shall alter her act of cession and consent to the same, shall become fixed and established as follows, to wit : The western State in the said Territory shall be bounded by the Mississippi, the Ohio, the Wabash Pavers ; a direct line drawn from the Wabash and Post St. Vincent, due north to the Territorial line between the United States and Canada; and by the said Territorial line to the Lake of the Woods and Missis- sippi. The middle State shall be bounded by the said direct line, the Wabash from Post St. Vin- cent to the Ohio, by the Ohio, by a direct line drawn due north from the mouth of the Great Miami to the said Territorial line. The eastern State shall be bounded by the last-mentioned direct line, the Ohio, Pennsylvania and said territorial line. Provided, however, and it is further understood and declared, that the boundaries of those three States shall be subject so far to be altered, that, if Congress shall hereafter find it expedient, they shall have authority to form one or two States in that part of the said Territory which lies north of an east and west line drawn through the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan. And whenever any of the said States shall have 60,000 free inhabitants therein, such State shall be admitted by its delegates into the Congress of the United States on an equal footing with the original States in all respects what- ever, and shall be at liberty to form a permanent constitution and State government. Provided, The constitution and government so to be formed, shall be represented, and in conformity to the principles contained in these articles ; and so far as it can be consistent with the general interest of the confederacy, such admission shall be allowed at an earlier period, and when there may be a less number of free inhabitants than 60,000. Art. VI. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said Territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. Provided always, That any person escaping into the same from whom labor or service is lawfully HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 109 claimed in one of the original States, each fugitive may he lawfully claimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or services as aforesaid. Be it ordained by the authority aforesaid, That the resolutions of the 23d of April, 1784, relative to the subject of this ordinance, be and the same are hereby repealed and declared null and void. The passage of this ordinance, since known as the “ Ordinance of 1787, v was immediately followed by an application to the Government, by John Cleves Seymour, of New Jersey, in behalf of the country, between the Miamis, and a contract was concluded the following year. The Ohio Company were exceed- ingly energetic in inaugurating settlements. Gen. Putman, with a party of forty-seven men, set out on an exploring expedition, accompanied by six boat builders. On the 1st of January, 1788, twenty-six surveyors followed, from Hartford, Conn. They arrived in Ohio on the 7th of April, 1788, and their active energy founded the permanent beginning of this great Western State- When we review the dangerous experiments that have been made, in this land west of the Alleghanies, the horrors which had overwhelmed every attempt, we can faintly realize the stalwart courage that sent these men on their way, and sustained them in their pioneer hardships. With characteristic vigor, they began their little town. Enthusiastic and happy, they did not rest from their toilsome march over the old Indian roads, but kept busily at work to estab- lish an oasis in this wide expanse of wilderness, before they should take nec- essary ease to recuperate their strength. The wise men met on the 2d of May, and the little town was named Marietta. Situated as it was, in the midst of danger, they had used precaution to build and equip a fortified square, which was designated Campus Martius ; Square No. 19 was Capitolium, and Square No. 61 was Cecelia, and the main street was Sacra Via. Marietta was especially fortunate in her actual “first families.” Ten of the forty-eight men had received a thorough college education ; the remaining were individuals of sterling merit, honorable, and several had already attained reputations for superior excellence of abilities. Patriotic and brave, the settlement certainly possessed a foundation that promised well for the future. The following 4th of J uly was an auspicious event, and the Hon. James M. Varnum was the eloquent orator of the occason. The opening of the court, on the 2d of September, was a solemn ceremonial, the High Sheriff leading with drawn sword, followed by citizens, with an escort of officers from Fort Harmar, the members of the bar, the Governor and Clergy- men, the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas — Gen. Rufus Putman and Benjamin Tupper — all these constituted an imposing spectacle, as they pro- gressed over a path which had been cut through the forest to Campus Martius Hall, the edifice of law and order. The Judges took their seats, a prayer was offered by the Rev. Dr. Cutler, and immediately the Sheriff, Col. Ebenezer Sprout, proclaimed the response, and the court of impartial justice was convened. 110 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. This ceremonial was, perhaps, made all the more impressive by the presence of several powerful Indian chiefs, who had journeyed to Marietta for the pur- pose of making a treaty. The settlement now increased rapidly, new cabins were erected constantly. On the 17th of December, a society event occurred, in the form of a grand ball, fifteen ladies being present. John Cleves Sy mines had contracted for 2,000,000 acres of land, and suc- ceeded in obtaining his grant, but circumstances prevented him from meeting his part of the obligations, and the specification was reduced to 1,000,000. After vain attempt to make his payments, a settlement was finally effected for 248,540 acres, and Symmes was prepared to dispose of clear titles to new-com- ers. In 1788, a town was established within the boundaries of his grant, at the mouth of the little Miami, known as Columbia, and in the early part of 1787 another was formed opposite the mouth of the Licking River, by name Losanti- ville, analyzed by a frontier scholar — ville, the town ; anti, opposite to ; os, the mouth of; L , Licking. Judge Symmes had projected building his main town at North Bend. This plan was frustrated by reason of Ensign Luce — who had been commissioned by Gen. Ilarmar to erect a fort — deciding that North Bend was not suitable for the purpose. He selected Losantiville for the purpose, and Fort Washington was the result. In 1790, Gov. St. Clair was called to inspect the settlement, and proceeded to organize Hamilton County, at the same time calling the town Cincinnati. It will be remembered that Connecticut ceded most of her western lands to General Government, retaining, however, a minor portion. As the settlements began to increase on the “ Virginia Reserve” and between the Scioto and Miami Rivers, all those holding claims were not disposed to part with them, while others were anxious to secure grants for the purpose of speculation, rather than the advancement of civilization. The Scioto Company was a questionable ad- herent of the Ohio Company, and began operations, which resulted well, what- ever their purpose may have been. Gen. Putnam cleared the land and directed the building of 100 dwellings and six block-houses. During 1791, the colony arrived, consisting of 500 persons. Only ten of these were tillers of the soil. Viscount Malartie ventured into the wilderness, but instead of settling, joined Gen. St. Clair’s army, and was ulti- mately his aid-de-camp. Indian conquests were not to his taste, and he soon returned to France. This new colony was essentially French, and its location was Gallia County. The name “ Gallipolis ” was selected. These settlers, being unaccustomed to severe toil, and disinclined to learn its hard lesson, soon became demoralized, through deprivation and absolute want. Congress came to their aid with a land grant of 24,000 acres, but few of them cared to enter claims, and soon all traces of the old town were lost, and its inhabitants scattered. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Ill Gen. St. Clair having become unpopular, through repeated failures in Indian campaigns, and Gen. Anthony Wayne having wintered at Fort Washington, the spring of 1798 was opened by a march of the army, well disciplined and led by “Mad Anthony,” on a campaign that must crush the rapidly increasing depredations of the Indians, notwithstanding which these new settlements had been made. All winter, Gen. Wayne had dispatched scouts, spies and hardy frontiersmen on errands of discovery, and his plans were, therefore, practically matured. His army cut its way through the forests, gathering horses, provis- ions, etc., as they marched, and finally came nearly up to the enemy before dis- covery. They again returned to Fort Washington, as the Commander-in-Chief, under the order of the Executive, had proclaimed inaction until the Northern or British Commissioners and Indians should convene and discuss the situation and prospects. Gen. Wayne, meantime, drilled his men at “ Hobson’s Choice,” a place near Fort Washington. The Commissioners came from Detroit, and assembled at Capt. Matthew Elliot’s house, at the mouth of the Detroit River. A meeting was called at Sandusky, and twenty Indian representatives were present, to argue the grounds of a treaty. Simon Girty acted as interpreter, and has been ^vehemently accused of unfaithfulness in this trust, since he did not advocate the adjustment of matters on any grounds. The Indians reiterated their rights and wrongs, and offered to receive the half of the purchase money, provided the actual settlers would accept it as the price of the land, move away, and leave the original owners the proud possessors of their lands. The Govern- ment would then expend less money than they would have done in a full Indian purchase, or a long and cruel war. This being-out of the question and rejected, a decided specification was made that the Ohio boundary was to be obliterated, and a new one adopted, that encompassed a mere fraction of territory. This was also rejected. The Indians indignantly bade the Americans to go back to their father, and they would return to their tribes. The council was terminated in confusion. It is highly probable that some settlement might have been made, had it not been for English influence which instigated the savages, in the hope of ultimately making conquests for them- selves. The commander at Detroit evinced great uneasiness whenever there was a shadow of an opportunity for a peaceful understanding. On Christmas Day, 1793, a detachment of the army encamped on the identical ground made memorable by St. Clair’s horrible defeat. A reward was offered for every human skull that was found, and 600 were gathered. The bones of the victims were removed from the spot where they built Fort Recovery. This point was left in charge of Alexander Gibson. Early in the year 1794, Lord Dorchester addressed the Commissioners in behalf of the English. Even at this time, Gen. Wayne, to avoid the terrors of a great war, again made overtures of peace, dispatching Freeman, Trueman and Hardin, all initiated in savage tactics, on errands of mercy — and the three men 112 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. wece inhumanly murdered. The English went so far as to order Gov. Simcoe to erect a fort, in April, 1794, on the Rapids of the Maumee, thus rousing the Indians by a bold proof that they had espoused their cause. In May, the Spanish, who were ever jealous of colonial encroachments, were willing to aid in a general raid against the Americans. In June, a scouting party from Fort Recovery, fell into an Indian ambush and suffered severely, their foes following them to the very entrance. The siege continued for two days. It was plainly evident that white men augmented the Indian force ; ounce balls and buck-shot surely came from their rifles. Again, the Indians immediately began a search beneath the logs where pieces of artillery were hidden during the great battle of St. Clair, but fortunately, Fort Recovery had the use of them and they accomplished much. On July 26, Scott joined Wayne at Greenville, with 1,600 mounted Kentuckians, and on the 28th, the legion took up its line of deadly march. Halting at Girty’s Town, they built Fort Mary’s, later on Fort Adams. Throw- ing the enemy off their guard by feints and counter-marching, the troops surprised the Indians, and without the slightest resistance took possession of their villages at the confluence of the Auglaize and Maumee. They found provision in abundance, and tarried a week building Fort Defiance. Again Gen. Wayne would have made terms of peace, on the principle of the Government to arrest bloodshed, but the Indians were rendered cruelly intent on wap by an addition of a body of British militia from Detroit, and by regulars stationed at a fort they had built on the left bank of the river, below the rapids, called Fort Miami. The “Fallen Timber” ground was selected as the field for a battle by the savages, in the expectation that the trees cast down by a tornado and there remaining, would seriously impede American progress. August 15th, JVayne marched down the river, and at Roche de Boeuf, erected a fortification for their stores and luggage, naming it “ Fort Deposit.” On the 20th, the American army began the attack. Maj. Price and Maj. Gen. Scott were heroic in their assistance, and after a sharp, deadly conflict, the enemy was routed, fleeing in confusion, and leaving their dead and wounded strewn thickly over the field. The savages were pressed to the front always, and when the carnage was painful, the British troops not engaged looked on coolly from the fort and offered no assistance, aiding their own, however, when possible. Gen. Wayne being an ardent soldier, was apt to forget his position, and impetuously place himself constantly in danger. Lieut. Harrison is reported to have requested the General not to forget to give him field orders, in his own partici- pation in the battle, and to have received the reply that the standing order was always to charge bayonets. Notwithstanding the treaty of 1878, and the fact that the British were tres- passing, they encroached upon the Ohio soil, and essayed to vindicate their action by discarding American claims and recognizing the Indian rights, whereby they might seek their own colonization and make treaties. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. life Maj. Campbell was in command at Fort Miami, and when he saw the sava- ges being cut down almost mercilessly, he not only refrained from offering aid, but when, in their desperate retreat, they attempted to enter the fort for pro- tection, he ordered the doors closed in their faces. On the following day, Campbell sent a message to Wayne, demanding a reason for hostile action, adding that Great Britain was not now at war with the United States. He received a characteristic reply. During the Revolution, Detroit was an important British point, and the Maumee was its outlet. Therefore, the English clung tenaciously to this pos- session, giving, as it did, the advantage of the great fur trade. The English Government evidently regretted ceding so much of her territory in the West, and were searching for an excuse to quarrel and attempt to regain at least a part of Avhat they had lost. Their policy was to sustain the bitter hatred between the Indians and the Americans. The settlement of the Maumee Valley had been rapid, but the very name was an agony of remembrance of frightful massacres and atrocities. Col. McKee, the British Indian agent, and his assistant, Capt. Elliott, were from Pennsylvania, but being Tories, they had assimilated with the Indians. They joined the Shawnee tribe and married Indian wives, and made their fortunes thereby, through British appointments to secure the savage interests. The Indians were directly served by McKee and Elliott, with ammunition and sup- plies, during the Wayne conflict. Several skirmishes ensued, but severe weather approaching, the troops moved for quarters, and on the 14th day of September, they attacked the Miami villages, captured them with provisions and stores, and erected a fort, leaving it in charge of Lieut. Col. Hamtramck. With cheers and rifle-shooting, this post was named Fort Wayne . The main army marched into Greenville and went into winter quarters. Wayne had achieved a brilliant victory, but his success did not overcome his practical reasoning, and he was unwilling to subject his men to a severe winter’s campaign unless necessity was peremptory. Gov. Simcoe, Col. McKee and a few of the most savage Indian chiefs attempted to rally the Indians for a new attack. Gov. Simcoe, of Detroit, was aware that the mounted volunteers under Wayne had been allowed to return home, and that the term of service of a portion of the “ Legion ” was about to expire. The British and Indians held a conference, but the latter were weary with fighting for the glory of the Great Father at Detroit, and did not enter into the plan. The winter proved most poverty stricken to them, the English failing to supply them, and their crops and sustenance having been destroyed by Wayne. They were then fully prepared to listen to the faintest signal from Wayne to conciliate affairs, and the Wyandots and Delawares were the first to confer with him on the subject. Their position was exposed and they had suffered severely. 114 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. They soon influenced other tribes to consider the question. As a mass, they were convinced of their inability to overcome the Americans, and had become impatient and disgusted with the duplicity of their British friends, who had not hesitated to sacrifice them in every instance, and who deserted them in then- hour of distress. United, they sued for peace. Terms were made, and about the 1st of August, the famous Greenville treaty was ratified and established, and the old Indian war in Ohio terminated. The Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Chippewas, Ottawas, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel Rivers, Weas, Kickapoos, Piankeshaws and Kaskaskias were thus conciliated. The old Indian boundary line, settled upon at the Fort McIntosh treaty, was retained, and the southwestern line was prolonged from old Fort Recovery, southwest of the Ohio River. “ The general boundary lines between the lands of the United States and the lands of the said Indian tribes shall begin at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, and thence run up the same to the portage between that and the Tus- carawas Branch of the Muskingum ; thence down that branch to the crossing- place above Fort Laurens ; thence westerly to a fork of that branch of the Great Miami River (running into the Ohio), at or near which fork stood Lar- amie’s store — Mary’s River, which is a branch of the Miami that runs into Lake Erie ; thence a westerly course to Fort Recovery, which stands on a branch of the Wabash ; thence southwesterly on a direct line to the Ohio, so as to inter- sect that river opposite the mouth of the Kentucky or Cuttawa River.” This boundary line has, ever since this memorable treaty, been a prominent landmark, and may now be traced as the southern boundary line of Stark, Ash- land, Richland and Marion Counties, and the northern line, in part, of Tuscar- awas and Knox. Old Fort Recovery was located in Mercer, near the Indiana line. Laramie’s store was in Shelby. Within the Indian Reservation, the United States held sixteen distinct sec- tions of land, for the purpose of military posts, so arranged that the Govern- ment had full right of way north and west. The “Joy treaty ” between England and the United States was ratified early in 1796, and the British were obliged to vacate Detroit and Fort Miami, and recall the fact that they had no claim or right to either points. Gen. Wayne received them, and accompanied by Gov. St. Clair, proceeded to Detroit. Here the lat- ter laid out a county, calling it Wayne, and designated Detroit as its seat of justice. This was the fifth county in the Northwest Territory, north of the Ohio River. Washington County, with Marietta as a seat of justice, was first established; next Hamilton, with Cincinnati as a county seat. Wayne County was organized in 1796, and included about twenty-six of the present counties, in the northwest part of the State, covering about a quarter of its area, besides parts of Indiana and Michigan. In other parts of the State, the population was rapidly increasing. In May, 1795, the Legislature authorized a committee to institute measures for the HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 117 disposal of their Western lands. The Virginia and Connecticut Reservations required some action on the part of Government, inasmuch as ceding a portion and re-selling had in a measure disturbed free titles. Fifty-six persons negoti- ated and purchased lands, receiving quit-claim titles and entire rights. They re-sold to John Morgan and John Caldwell and Jonathan Bruce, in trust. Thus 3,000,000 acres were prepared for settlement. Upon the quit-claim deeds of these representatives, the full title of lands included within the old Western Reserve rests. Judge Symmes began his active operations in 1796, and by the close of 1797 all lands east of the Cuyahoga were laid out in townships, five miles square. The agent of the Connecticut Land Company was Gen. Moses Cleveland, and in his honor the leading city in the Reserve was named. Some townships were retained for private sale, and others were disposed of by lottery, in 1798. Wayne’s treaty led to the formation of Dayton, and the peopling of that section. A difficulty arose regarding the original Symmes grant and its modifi- cation. Symmes had sold land titles, in good faith, beyond his vested power, and Congress was now called upon to adjust these claims and titles. Seventeen days after the Wayne or Greenville treaty, St. Clair, Wilkinson, Dayton and Ludlow contracted with Symmes for seven and eight ranges, between the Mad and Little Miami Rivers. November 4, 1795, Mr. Ludlow laid out Dayton. During the years 1790 and 1795, the Governor and Supreme Judges of the Northwest Territory had published sixty-four statutes. Thirty-four of these were ratified at Cincinnati, for the purpose of forming a complete statutory. It was termed the “ Maxwell Code.” Mr. Nathaniel Massie founded a town on the Scioto, which was called Chillicothe. The Iroquois treaty had previously invited settlement, and embryo towns had begun as early as 1769, under the protection of the Connecticut Company. A land company was organized in Hartford, Conn., in 1795, sending out forty-three surveyors to divide the townships of that part of the Western Reserve, east of the Cuyahoga, five miles square. The first resident of the town of Cleveland was Mr. Job Stiles and family, and Mrs. Stiles was the mother of the first white child born on the Reserve. Some other parts of the territory progressed more rapidly in population. Along the Muskingum, Scioto and Miami, towns began to spring up, which might perhaps better be termed farming settlements. Cincinnati was increasing, and in 1796, had reached 100 cabins, 15 frame houses and 600 persons, with prospects for a firm future. The Virginia Military Land District was between the Little Miami and Scioto, and was rapidly increasing in population. Mr. Massie was unceasing in his efforts to advance the West, and laid out Manchester, offering inducements that could not fail to attract settlers. Ebenezer Zane procured a grant in consideration of opening a bridle path from the Ohio River at Wheeling, over the country via Chillicothe, to Limestone, 118 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. in Kentucky. The year following, the United States mail was taken over this route. The comparatively tranquil condition of the country and the inducements it had to offer encouraged a rapid settlement of the Territory. A prominent feature of the early growth of Ohio was the general prevalence of reliable, stanch principle. The people were of the good colonial stock. In 1800, Chillicothe was denominated the seat of the Territorial govern- ment, and the first stone edifice in the State was begun in this town, soon after this appointment. About this time, a serious difficulty suddenly occurred to those individuals who had taken lands on the Western Reserve of Connecticut. That Eastern power had, it is true, ceded a part of her claim to the General Government, and had stipulated for the sale of certain other tracts. At the same time, the State had not signed away her jurisdiction over some sections of her claim, and those unfortunate people in and about Dayton found themselves without any government upon which they might depend in a case of emergency. The matter was, accordingly, presented to the Territorial government, which interceded with the Eastern State, and, sanctioned by the Assembly at Congress, Connecticut relinquished her jurisdiction in 1800. Cleveland was an important point, and was growing in the mean time. How- ever, it had suffered exceedingly from the ravages of fever and ague. For a period of two months, there was not an individual, but a boy thirteen years of age, able to procure food for the others. Flour was out of all rational con- sideration, and the meal upon which they lived was pounded by hand. In 1799, Williams and Myatt erected a grist-mill at the falls, near Newbury. A startling agitation occurred in 1801, which in these days would cause but a ripple in the political sea, but happening during a time when legislative dignity and state authority were regarded with reverential awe, it created the most intense feeling. Great indignation was openly expressed. The Governor and several legislators felt that they had been insulted in the performance of their respective duties, at Chillicothe, while the Assembly was in session in 1801. No measures being taken by the authorities at the capital to protect the Executive, a law was passed removing the seat of govern- ment to Cincinnati. This circumstance led to a general consideration of the advantages of a State government, and a popular desire was expressed for a change in this respect. Gov. St. Clair had fallen into disfavor through his failure as a military leader and his failures in the Indian campaigns, and from his assuming powers which w^re not vested in him, especially the subdivision of counties. He was also identified with the Federal party, which was not popular in Ohio. The opposition was strong in the Assembly, but was in the minority in the House of Representatives. The boundary question was agitated at the same time. The intention was to thus effect the limits of Ohio that a State government would necessarily have to be postponed. Against this measure, Tiffin, Worthington, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 119 Longham, Darlington, Massie, Dunlavy and Morrow strenuously objected. After considerable discussion, Thomas Worthington obtained leave of absence from the session, and journeyed to Washington in behalf of a State government. It was obvious that the Territory, under the ordinance, was not entitled to a change. Massie suggested the feasibility of appointing a committee to address Congress on the subject. This the House refused to pass. An effort was then made to take a census, but any action on this subject was postponed until the next session. During all this ineffectual struggle, Worthington was doing his best in Wash- ington, and succeeded so well that on March 4, a report was made to the House in favor of the State government. This report was made on a basis that the census, in 1800, summed up over 45,000 for Ohio. April 30, Congress passed a law carrying into effect the views expressed on this subject. A convention met on November 1. Its members were generally Jeffersonian in their views. Gov. St. Clair proposed to address them as their chief executive magistrate. Several members resolutely opposed this action, insisting upon a vote, which, through courtesy and not a sense of right, resulted in permitting him to address them. He advised the postponement of the State government until the original eastern portion of the State was sufficiently pop- ulated to demand this right. Only one, out of thirty-three, voted to sustain the Governor in these views. The convention agreed to the views of Congress. November 29, the agree- ment was ratified and signed, as was the constitution of the State of Ohio. The General Assembly was ordered to convene the first Tuesday of March, 1803. This was carried into effect. A constitution was framed for the new State, adhering to the Ordinance of 1787. The rights and duties of citizens were plainly set forth, and general business was transacted. The new State consti- tution was signed by : Edward Tiffin, President and Representative from Ross County. Adams County — Joseph Darlington, Israel Donalson, Thomas Yinker. Belmont County — James Caldwell and Elijah Woods. Clermont County — Philip Gatch and James Sargent. Fairfield County — Henry Abrams and Emanuel Carpenter. Hamilton County — John W. Brown, Charles Willing Byrd, Francis Dun- lavy, William Goforth, John Gitchel, Jeremiah Morrow, John Paul, John Riley, John Smith and John Wilson. Jefferson County — Rudolph Blair, George Humphry, John Milligan, Nathan Updegraff and Bezaleel Wells. Ross County — Michael Baldwin, James Grubb, Nathaniel Massie and F. Worthington. Washington County — Ephraim Cutler, Benjamin Ives Gilman, John Mc- Intyre and Rufus Putnam. Thomas Scott, Secretary. 120 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. The first Legislature of the State, under the new constitution, created eight new counties, viz., Gallia, Scioto, Franklin, Columbiana, Butler, Warren, Greene and Montgomery. The first State officers were : Michael Baldwin, Speaker of the House ; Na- thaniel Massie, President of the Senate ; William Creighton, Secretary of State ; Col. Thomas Gibson, Auditor ; William McFarland, Treasurer ; Return J. Meigs, Jr., Samuel Huntington and William Sprigg, Judges of the Supreme Court ; Francis Dunlavy, Willis Silliman and Calvin Pease, Judges of the Dist- rict Court. The General Assembly held a second session in December, at which time the militia law was revised, also giving aliens equal proprietary rights with native citizens. The revenue system was modified and improved. Acts authorizing the incorporation of townships were passed, and for the establishment of coun- ties. Furthermore, Jacob White, Jeremiah Morrow and William Ludlow were authorized to locate a township for collegiate purposes, according to previous specified terms of Congress. The Symmes grant and the college specification collided materially, but the irregularity of the former was not to create any inconvenience for the latter. Mr. Symmes had in good faith marked off this township, but circumstances preventing the perfection of his plans, that lapsed with the others, and the original township was now entered by settlers. Accordingly, thirty-six sections, west of the Great Miami, were selected, and are now held by the Miami University. Gov. St. Clair, notwithstanding his unpopularity, was re-appointed. Ohio was under a system of government which guaranteed the best improve- ments ; her Legislature being composed of her best statesmen, and the laws passed having the general interest of the people embodied in them. A bill was passed, appropriating the net proceeds of the land lying within said State, sold by Congress after the 20th day of June, 1802, after deducting all expenses incident to the same, to be applied to the laying-out of roads, leading from the navigable waters emptying into the Atlantic to the Ohio, to the said State, and through the same ; such roads to he laid out under the authority of Congress, with the consent of the several States through which the road shall pass. In conformity with these provisions, steps were taken, in 1805, which resulted in the making of the Cumberland or National road. Burr, at this time, began an organization for the ostensible purpose of making a settlement on the Wachita, but his party being armed and his plans not being frankly disclosed, an investigation proved that his real design was a mutinous revolt against Governmental powers, and to gratify his ambition by founding his own kingdom in Mexico, and defeating the Spanish. If success crowned his efforts, his ultimate victory was to rupture the Union by forcing the Western States to withdraw from their allegiance. By gaining an influence over the noble hut misguided Blennerhasset, he established his headquarters on his island in the Ohio. The history of Burr’s expedition is already well known. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 121 The final capture by Gov. Tiffin, of ten boats loaded with stores, on the Mus- kingum, and four near Marietta, decided the fate of this scheme, and Burr was finally arrested and put on trial May 22, 1807. The advancement of the settlement of the State was in no manner impeded, and towns sprang up, farms were laid out, and all other improvements inaugu- rated which tended to a permanent prosperity. In 1808, Tecumseh left Greenville to join the Prophet on the banks of the Tippecanoe, a tributary of the Upper Wabash, on a tract of land granted herein by the Pottawatomies. The Indians were virtually by treaty allowed but a small proportion of land within the boundaries of the State, and were maintaining peaceful attitudes toward the whites, with exceptional border depredations, which were settled by mutual understanding. Although the United States had gained independence, and was treating with England as with other foreign powers, the British persisted in violating the national rights of the United States, impressing American seamen into the British service, seizing American vessels engaged with France in trade, and otherwise violating the rights of an independent nation, at peace with the Brit- ish power. The mission upon which Henry was sent by the British, to create disturb- ance between the States, and thus broken, to weaken the strength of the Gen- eral Government, added fuel to the fire, and united indignation cried for war. British agents again bargained with the Indians of the Wabash and Maumee Valleys, desiring them to inaugurate another war upon the western sections and to make a desperate attack upon the settlements south of the lakes. The Brit- ish agent at Malden negotiated in rifles, powder, ball, merchandise, lead, blank- ets and shirts. The Indians were inspired again with the hope that the whites would be driven back, and that all the country north of the Ohio would again revert to them. The Canadians in league with the English, gave the savages unlimited quantities of whisky, which naturally aroused their fierce natures to acts of violence and blood. It is highly probable that the use of liquor was the main cause of the deterioration of the best traits of the Indian character, after the Revolution. Again, many unscrupulous men upon the frontier did not hesi- tate to commit the most merciless crimes against the Indians, such was the prejudice against them, and the courts invariably failed to indict them for these atrocities. This error on the part of the Americans served to influence the savages against them. At this time, the seats of justice were distant over a hundred miles each from the other, uninhabited tracts frequently extending between them which were absolute wildernesses. The routes were in many cases difficult and circuitous. As early as 1808, there was a mail communication for the people on the Lower Maumee, many days elapsing between the arrivals and departures of 122 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO the same, however. Horace Gunn was the carrier. Benoni Adams brought the news from Cleveland to the same point, his trip requiring a fortnight. It must be remembered that this journey was mostly made on foot. The Black Swamp could not be traversed in any other manner. THE WAR OF 1812. The war of 1812 can be called a continuation of the Revolution, with all justice. Although rumors had reached Ohio, that active preparations were being made for general action, no official tidings had been sent to Hull, com- mander-in-chief of the Western forces. The Secretary of War, instead of sending a special messenger directly to Hull, communicated with the post adjacent, depending upon a continuation of the news from that point. At the same time, advices were sent the British post at Malden and Detroit. Hull sent out a packet with official papers, stores, etc., the day previous to that on which the official intelligence arrived that an open rupture existed between the two powers, and this was of course captured. The Western forces marched to Detroit and crossed over to Sandwich, pre- pai’atory to attacking Malden, a post most favorable for the transportation of stores, troops, etc. which was therefore considered valuable. Peter Minard first gave the news to the settlers of the Maumee. He had heard from a Delaware chief, who assured him a general massacre was to take place in the valley. Maj. Spafford paid no heed to this “idle fear,” until a few days thereafter a messenger came to his quarters, reporting a band of fifty Pottawatomies on the march to join the hostile tribes near Malden. They had plundered and burned Monclova, and had nearly reached the rapids. The Major, with his family and settlers, immediately launched a barge on the river and were able to reach old Fort Miami just as the savages reached Maumee City. They could plainly witness the flames that devoured their old homes. They kept on their way in their miserable craft, until they reached Milan, where they learned that the entire country was in danger. Although the Indians were defeated in the battle of Tippecanoe in the fall of 1811, they plotted vigorously with the English for the invasion of Ohio. Gen. William Hull marched from the southwestern part of the State directly north, crossing the counties of Champaign, Logan, Hardin, Hancock and Wood, establishing military posts along the route and cutting a way through the wilderness of the unsettled portions. He crossed the Maumee on the 1st of July, and marched to Detroit. Hull was evidently actuated in his succeeding disgraceful failures by two fears — lack of confidence in the ability of his troops, and the belief that they might desert him in action. He proclaimed freedom, and a necessity of sub- mitting to the Canadians under existing circumstances. He held out induce- ments to the British regulars to desert their cause and essayed to pacify the savages, but he accomplished nothing beyond jeopardizing the American cause HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 123 and disgracing his army. His men became restless. Col. Miller and Col. Cass were delighted when detailed on scouting expeditions, and did not hesi- tate to attack advancing squads of the enemy. At last, an attack was made on the Niagara frontier, and Hull speedily abandoned his project and collected his forces at Detroit. Meantime, Col. Proctor had reached Malden, and quickly perceiving the advantage of a post at that point, whereby he could cut off supplies and starve Hull into subjection, he massed his forces about this section, captured Van Horn and his two hundred men, and withstood the attack of Miller, although he gained nothing by so doing. Again Hull displayed his weakness by recall- ing his forces from further molestations. Gen. Brock, however, reached Malden on the 13th of August, 1812, and began war preparations. Gen. Dearborn placed a force on the Niagara frontier, but an armistice was made with the British. Hull dispatched a third party under McArthur, to open communications to the Raisin River. Gen. Brock appeared at Sandwich and began to erect batteries, which Hull would not allow to be molested. The result was, that on the 26th of August Detroit was surrendered to the enemy, and not a blow had been struck in its defense. By this dastardly act, 1,400 brave men who had not been permitted to make a single effort to sustain the American cause, were surrendered to 300 English regulars, 400 Canadians and their Indian allies. Gen. Hull was, in consequence of this series of “mistakes,” accused of treason and cowardice, and convicted of the latter. By the middle of August, the British had gained the control over most of the Northwestern Territory. The appointment of William Henry Harrison to the position of com- mander in chief of the Western forces, was most opportune. He speedily raised a vigorous army, and advanced by three routes to the foot of the rapids. Gen. Harrison commanded the right wing, and marched by the way of Upper Sandusky, where he located his depot of supplies. Gen. Tupper commanded the center, Fort McArthur, in Hardin County, being his base, while Gen. Win- chester marched from Fort Defiance down the Maumee to the foot of the rapids. A large force of British and Indians moved up the left bank of the Mau- mee toward Fort Wayne, and Gen. Harrison, to intercept them, marched to the confluence of the Auglaize with the Maumee. Harrison was aware that the enemy would be also hemmed in by Win- chester. The weather was rainy, and the prospects were that a most unfortun- ate season was to follow the expected engagements. Harrison heard that Winchester had reached Fort Defiance, and that the Indians and British were retreating down the Maumee. He followed, and marched to Winchester’s camp, where he arrived in season to quell a mutiny under command of Col. Allen, of the Kentucky troops. 124 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. In January, 1813, Winchester had reached the rapids, where he received tidings that Frenchtown was menaced and exposed. Without orders, he sent a party to the rescue, which defeated the enemy. The weather was intensely cold, and the company lay within eighteen miles of Malden, where the enemy was collected in full force, consequently re-enforcements must be dispatched immediately or the town again left to its fate. Winchester then marched with a force of 259 men, and upon arriving at nightfall, insisted upon remaining on open ground, although warned repeatedly that this would be a most dangerous experiment. In the morning, he was surprised by the enemy, massed directly before him, with a battery within three hundred yards of his camp, and a shower of bombs, balls and grape-shot falling among his exposed troops, and the yells of Indians reminding him of his fatal error. Lewis, who led the party out in the beginning and had apprehended the danger, bravely defended himself behind garden pickets. Winchester was defeated on the 22d of January, 1813, and the Indians were permitted to massacre the prisoners and the settlers. Harrison fell back to the foot of the rapids. On the 1st of February, he began the construction of Fort Meigs. On the 27th of April, Proctor and Tecumseh attacked this fort, and laid siege with the full expectation of success. The stipulation was that Gen. Harrison was to be delivered to Tecumseh. While the balls and bombs were making havoc with the fort, the Indians were climbing trees and pouring a galling fire down upon the troops. Gen. Proctor invited Harrison to surrender, which was politely declined, with the assurance that the British General would have the opportunity to distinguish himself as a soldier before such a proceeding was enacted Gen. Clay was descending the Maumee with 1,200 Kentuckians in flat boats. Orders went from Harrison that 800 men should land on the left bank, take and spike the British cannon, and then to enter the fort, from which soldiers were to issue to assist the re-enforcements. Capt. Hamilton was to pilot Gen. Clay to the fort, cutting their way through. All succeeded, Col. Dudley taking the batteries and spiking the cannon. But his men, too much elated by their success, against orders, and against the repeated expostulations of Col. Dudley, insisted on pursuing the Indians. Col. Dudley would not desert them. This act proved their ruin. By a decoy, they were led into a defile which proved an ambush, and the men found themselves surrounded by savages, without means of escape. A most frightful massacre began, and every man would have fallen had not Tecumseh sternly forbidden the cowardly carnage. One of his principal chiefs ignored this order, and the next instant the great warrior buried his hatchet in his head. The brave Col. Dudley was, however, tomahawked and scalped. There were no immediate signs that the fort would be surrendered, and the siege was raised on the 9th of May. It was renewed on the 20th of July, and abandoned a few days later. The enemy decided this stronghold was invulnerable. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 125 On the 1st of August, the enemy proceeded to Fort Stevenson, at Lower Sandusky, garrisoned by 150 men under Maj. Croghan. The fort had the use of but one piece of cannon. The enemy with Tecumseh’s Indians num- bered 3,300 strong, with six pieces of cannon. Gen. Proctor again tendered the offer to surrender, adding that a refusal would only bring about a useless resistance, and a massacre by the Indians. The reply was, that before the fort went over to the British, not an American would be left to be massacred, as they should hold out to the last man. Proc- tor opened fire. The first movement was an assault upon the northwest angle of the fort, as if to make a breach and thus carry the works. The command- ant strengthened that point by bags of sand, and during the night stealthily placing his one cannon in a concealed position, he filled it with slugs. The following day, the fire again swept the northwest corner, and, evening- approaching, a column of 350 men swept up within twenty yards of the walls. They were met by the musketry, which had little effect, and the ditch was soon filled with men. The next instant the hidden cannon, so placed as to sweep the ditch, suddenly began action, and the surprised assailants quickly recoiled, and the fort was saved, with the loss of only one man. The next morning, the enemy had disappeared, evidently in haste, as guns, clothing and stores were left behind. They had lost over one hundred and fifty men by this useless attempt. Croghan had previously received orders to evacuate the fort from Gen. Harrison, and his determination to hold the position merited Harrison’s reprimand and remand of commission. Such was the sev- erity of military law. However, the rank of Colonel was immediately conferred upon him by the President, for his gallantry. The ladies of Chillicothe pre- sented him with an elegant testimonial in the shape of a sword. It was decided to make a naval warfare effectual in the recovery of the Northwestern Territory, and accordingly vessel-building began under Commo- dore Perry’s supervision. The British looked upon this proceeding with derision, fully intending to use these boats for their own purpose. They publicly proclaimed their intention. By the 1st of August, 1813, Commodore Perry set sail a flotilla, the Law- rence and the Niagara, of twenty guns each, with smaller vessels following. Some difficulty was encountered in launching the larger vessels, on account of the shallowness of the water. Perry’s first destination was Put-in-Bay, thirty miles from Malden, where the British fleet lay under the guns of the fort. On the 10th of September, the British fleet — exceeding the American by ten guns — under Commodore Barclay, appeared off Put-in-Bay, distant about ten miles. Perry immediately set sail. The wind shifting, the Americans had the advantage. Perry hoisted the Union Jack. A general preparation was made for the conflict. An ominous silence settled over all as the fleets approached. A bugle sounded on the enemy’s ship Detroit, and a furious fire was opened upon 126 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. the Lawrence. The frightful and desperate battle that ensued is so familiar that it is not necessary for us to repeat its details. It forever remains in his- tory as a prominent, desperate struggle that turned the tide most decisively in favor of the Americans. Hand to hand, for three hours, this furious struggle surged, resulting in a pronounced victory for the Americans. Commodore Perry immediately requested parole for his severely wounded antagonist, Commodore Barclay. Capt. Elliott was at this engagement highly commended by Perry for his bravery. Gen. Harrison now made preparations to follow Proctor, and reached Mal- den on the 27th of September. Proctor had retreated to Sandwich, and thence Harrison followed him, overtaking the enemy on the 9th of October, on the bank of the Thames. An engagement ensued, which was not particularly marked in its events, but which practically terminated the war in the Northwest. Tecumseh fell during this battle, and his death disheartened the savages to such an extent that they were willing to make terms of peace. Accordingly a treaty was concluded on the 22d of July, 1814, with the Wyandots, Dela- wares, Shawnees, Senecas and Miamis, the tribes engaged in hostilities. Again Ohio was able to turn her attention to the improvements within her own boundaries. Weary and disabled though she was, her ambition and energy were unimpaired. The struggle had been severe, but a grand reward had been won, and peace and independence belonged to these sturdy, earnest, pioneers. In 1815, a town was founded near Fort Meigs, and, in 1816, Gen. John E. Hunt and Judge Robert A. Forsythe located at Maumee. BANKING. Up to the year 1817, Ohio had no banking system, and on the 28th of January of that year, the United States Bank opened a branch at Cincinnati, and yet another during the following October at Chillicothe. These branches found a large amount of business to transact, and while being of assistance in various ways to the State, also received a fine revenue themselves. The State therefore resolved upon a tax levy, and, in 1819, the branches were to pay $50,000 each, and the State Auditor was authorized to issue his warrant for the collection of the same. The bank branches demurred, but the State was decided, and the banks accordingly filed a bill in chancery, in the United States Circuit Court, setting forth reasons whereby their prayer that Ralph Osborn, State Auditor, should be restrained from making such collection, should be seriously considered. Osborn being counseled not to appear on the day designated in the writ, an injunction was obtained, with the security given in the shape of bonds from the bank, to the amount of $100,000. On the 14tli of September, the bank sent a commissioner to Columbus, who served upon the Auditor a copy of the petition HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 127 for the injunction, and a subpoena to make an appearance before the court on the first Monday in the following January. Osborn submitted both the petition and the injunction to the Secretary of State, with his warrant for col- lecting the tax. Legally, the matter was somewhat complicated. The Auditor desired the Secretary of State to take legal advice, and if the papers did not actually amount to an injunction, to give orders for the execu- tion of the warrant. The decision was that the papers did not equal a valid injunction. The State writ for collection was therefore given over to John L. Harper, with directions to enter the banking-house and demand the payment of the tax. In case of a refusal, the vault was to be entered and a levy made upon the amount required. No violence was to be used, and if force was used to deter the act, the same was to be reported to a proper magistrate and an affidavit made to that fact. On September 17, Mr. Harper went about his errand, taking with him T. Orr and J. MacCollister. After securing access to the vault, a demand was made for the payment of the tax. This was promptly refused, and a notice given of the granting of the injunction. This was disregarded, and the officer seized $98,000 in gold, silver and notes. This was placed in charge of the State Treasurer, Mr. H. M. Curry. The officers were arrested and imprisoned by the United States Circuit Court, and the money returned to the bank. The case was reviewed by the Supreme Court, and the measures of the Circuit Court were sustained. The State, therefore, submitted. In the mean time, the Legislature had prepared and passed a resolution, as follows : Resolved, by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, That in respect to the powers of the Governments of the several States that compose the American Union, and the powers of the Fed- eral Government, this General Assembly do recognize and approve the doctrines asserted by the Legislatures of Kentucky and Virginia in their resolutions of November and December, 1798, and January, 1800, and do consider their principles have been recognized and adopted by a majority of the American people. Resolved further, That this General Assembly do assert and will maintain by all legal and constitutional means, the rights of States to tax the business and property of any private corpo- ration of trade, incorporated by the Congress of the United States, and located to transact its corporate business within any State. Resolved further, That the bank of the United States is a private corporation of trade, the capital and business of which may be legally taxed in any State where they may be found. Resolved further, That the General Assembly do protest against the doctrines that the politi- cal rights of the separate States that compose the American Union and their powers as sovereign States, may be settled and determined in the Supreme Court of the United States, so as to con- clude and bind them in cases contrived between individuals, and where they are, no one of them, parties direct. The bank was thus debarred from the aid of State laws in the collection of its dues and in the protection of its rights. An attempt was made to effect a change in the Federal constitution, which would take the case out of the United States Courts. This, however, proved ineffectual. 128 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. The banking system in Ohio has, by reason of State surveillance, not been subjected to those whirlwind speculations and questionable failures which have marked many Western States, in the establishment of a firm basis upon which a banking law could be sustained, with mutual benefit to the institution and the people. THE CANAL SYSTEM. In the first part of 1817, the Legislature considered a resolution relating to a canal between Lake Erie and the Ohio River. No action was taken and the subject was not again agitated until 1819. Gov. Brown appointed three commissioners in 1820, for the purpose of employing an efficient engineer and such assistants as he deemed necessary, for the purpose of surveying a practical route for this canal. The commissioners were restricted in their actions until Congress should accept a proposition in behalf of the State, for a donation and sale of the public lands lying upon and near the route of the proposed canal. A delay was thus occasioned for two years. In 1822, the matter was referred to a committee of the House of Repre- sentatives. This committee approved and recommended the employment of the engineer. They furthermore added illustrations to prove the feasibility of the project. James Geddes, a skillful engineer of New York, was in due time appointed to the position and instructed to make the necessary examinations and sur- veys. The surveys were made, and estimates given of the expenses, which docu- ments were laid before the Legislature at several sessions. In 1825, an act was passed providing for the internal improvement of the State by navigable canals. Directly thereafter, the State set vigorously about the work of constructing two canals, one leading from the Ohio to Lake Erie, by way of the valleys of the Scioto and Muskingum, the other from Cincinnati to Dayton. The first canal-boat from Cincinnati to Dayton, reached her destination in 1829, on the 25th of January. This outlet of communication was extended to Lake Erie, and was completed in 1845. The largest artificial lake now known is on the elevation between the Ohio and the lake, in Mercer County, and supplies the St. Mary’s feeder of the Miami Canal, about three miles dis- tant, eastwardly. This reservoir is about nine miles long, and from two to four broad. Two walls of earth, from ten to twenty feet high, were formed, on the east and west, which united with the elevations north and south, surrounded this basin. When the water was admitted, whole farms were submerged, and the “neighbors” complained lest this overflow should tempt miasma. So great was the excitement, that over one hundred and fifty residents of the county united, and with shovels and spades, made a breach in the embankment. Many holding prominent positions in the county were engaged in this work, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 129 and all laid themselves liable to the State laws, which made the despoiling of public works a penitentiary offense. The matter was taken up by the courts, but a grand jury could not be found in Mercer County to find a bill of indictment. The officers who had charge of the work, ignored the law requiring the cut- ing and saving of the timber on lands appropriated, for canal reservoirs. The trees were ruthlessly girdled, and thousands of acres of valuable timber that might have been highly desirable in the building of bridges, etc., were destroyed. However, an adjustment was finally effected, and the work was prosecuted with the entire approbation of the people, who were convinced that convenient transportation was to be desired. OHIO LAND TRACTS. After the Indians relinquished all claims against the lands of those States west of the Alleghanies, as they had been obtained by conquest, the United States, as a government, owned the soil. When Ohio was admitted into the Union, a stipulation was made that the fee simple to all the lands within its boundaries, with the exception of those previously sold or granted, should vest in the General Government. At the present writing, but few tracts remain that can be called “ public lands.” In this, as in other States, tracts are des- ignated by their pioneer signification or the purpose to which they were oi'igi- nally devoted. In Ohio, these tracts are known as : 1 . Congress Lands. 8. Symmes’ Purchase. 15. Maumee Road. 2. United States Military. 9. Refugee Tract. 16. School Lands. 3 Virginia Military. 10. French Grant. 17. College Lands. 4. Western Reserve. 11 Dohrman’s Grant. 18. Ministerial Lands. 5. Fire Lands. 12. Zane’s Grant. 19. Moravian Lands. 6. Ohio Company’s Purchase. 13. Canal Lands. 20. Salt Sections. 7. Donation Tract. 14. Turnpike Lands. The lands sold by the direct officers of the Government, under the direc- tion of Congress, according to the laws, are known as Congress lands. They are properly surveyed, and laid out in townships six miles square, under the direction of the Government, and the expense incurred settled by Congress. These townships are subdivided into sections, containing 640 acres. One sec- tion is reserved, in every township, for educational purposes, to be utilized in any manner approved by the State as being the best to aid the cause for which they are assigned. The Western Reserve will be remembered as the tract originally belonging to Connecticut. It lies in the northeast quarter of the State. A half-million acres were donated by the old Eastern State, when her claim was in force, to sufferers from fire during the Revolutionary war, which created the name, “ fire lands.” Many settled here whose homes were destroyed by the British during the war. It will be remembered, that on account of discoveries by subjects of empires, in the New World, the “ Old World ” kings laid claim to different portions 130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. of the young continent. At that period, European knowledge of American geographical positions and limits was exceedingly meager, which occasioned several wars and more discussions. These Old-World sovereigns also assumed the authority to sell or present tracts of land to their subjects, in those terri- tories they deemed their own. King Charles II of England granted to his loyal subjects the colony of Connecticut, in 1662, placing with them a charter of right to all lands within certain prescribed boundaries. But these “ boundaries ” frequently conflicted with those of others, and sometimes extended to the Pacific Ocean, or “ South Sea,” as it was then termed. Connecticut, by her original charter rights, held all lands between the forty-first and forty-second parallels of north latitude, and from Providence Plantation on the east, to Pacific Ocean on the west, except- ing the New York and Pennsylvania colonies. As late as the establishment of the United States as an independent government, those colliding claims fre- quently engendered confusion and warm discussion between the nation and Connecticut, regarding the original colony claim. This was compromised by the national claims being relinquished in regard to the territorial claim in Ohio, and Connecticut holding the 3,800,000 acres described as the “ Western Reser- vation.” The Government held the right of jurisdiction. In 1796, Congress set aside a certain division of land, to satisfy the claims of officers and soldiers of the Revolutionary war. It includes the 2,500,000 acres between the Greenville treaty line and the Congress and refugee lands, and “VII ranges of townships,” on the east, and the Scioto River, west. This constitutes the “ Military Tract.” The “ Virginia Military Tract ” lies between the Scioto and Little Miami Rivers, and extends south to the Ohio. James I, in his authorized charter to the Virginia colony, in the year 1609, made rather visionary boundary lines, sweeping over the continent, west of the Ohio River, “ of the north and south breadth of Virginia.” Virginia reconciled the matter by relinquishing all her claims northwest of the Ohio River, with the exception of a tract for the purpose of donating the same to her troops of the Revolution- — their claims demanding such a return in some section. Unfortunately, this tract was not regularly surveyed, and conflicting “lines” have given rise to litigation ever since that stipulation was made. The Ohio Company’s Purchase has already been described — as has the Symmes Purchase. The Refugee Tract covers an area of 100,000 acres, extending eastwardly from the Scioto River forty-eight miles, in a strip of country four and one-half miles broad, north to south. Columbus , the capital of the State, is situated in the western portion. This land was donated by Congress to those individuals who left the British dominions and rule, during the Revolution, and espoused the American cause. The French Tract borders on the Ohio River, in the southeastern quarter of Scioto County. It includes 24,000 acres, and was ceded to those French HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 131 families that lost their claims at Gallipolis, through invalid titles ; 12,000 acres were added, after the above grant of 1795. Dohrman’s Grant includes a section, six miles square, in the southeastern portion of Tuscarawas County. It was granted to Arnold Henry Dohrman, a Portuguese merchant, as a token of appreciation of the aid and shelter he ren- dered American cruisers and vessels of war, during the Revolution. The Moravian Lands were originally grants by the old Continental Con- gress, in 1787, and confirmed by the act of the Government Congress, in 1796, to the Moravian Brethren, of Bethlehem, Penn., in sacred trust, and for the use of those Indians who embraced Christianity and civilization, desiring to live and settle thereon. These three tracts include 4,000 acres each, and are situ- ated in Tuscarawas County. In 1823, the Indians relinquished their rights to the 12,000 acres in this county, for 24,000 acres, in a territory designated by the United States, together with an annuity of $400. Zane’s Tracts included a portion of land on the Muskingum, whereon Zanes- ville was built ; another at the crossing of the Hocking, on which Lancaster is located ; and yet another on the left bank of the Scioto River, opposite Chilli- cothe. These grants were made to Ebenezer Zane, by Congress, in 1796, as a reward for opening a road from Wheeling, Va., to Maysville, Ky. In 1802, Mr. Zane received three additional tracts, one square mile each, in considera- tion of being captured and held a prisoner, during the Revolutionary war, when a boy, by the Indians. He lived with these people most of his life, secur- ing many benefits for the Americans. These tracts are located in Champaign County. The Maumee Road Lands extend the length of the road, from the Maumee River, at Perrysburg, to the western limits of the Western Reserve, a distance of forty-six miles — in a strip two miles wide. This includes about 60,000 acres. These lands were ceded by the Indians, at the treaty of Brownstown, in 1808. The original intention of Congress was to mark a highway through this strip, but no definite action was taken until 1823, when the land was ceded to the State of Ohio, under an obligation that the State make and sustain the pro- jected road, within four years after the transfer. The Turnpike Lands extended over 31,360 acres along the western side of the Columbus & Sandusky Turnpike, in the eastern parts of Seneca, Craw- ford and Marion Counties. They were designed for the transportation of mail stages, troops and other United States property, free from toll. The grant was made in 1827. “ The Ohio Canal Lands ” comprise about 1,000,000 acres, set aside for the purpose of canal construction. When Ohio was admitted to the Union, a guarantee was given that the State should not tax Government lands until they should have been sold for five years. That the thirty-sixth part of all territory within the State limits should be de- voted to educational purposes, for the general benefit of the population. In 132 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. order to secure tracts which would prove available, and thus insure returns, they were selected in small lots. No. 16 was designated as the sectional portion, in each township of Congress lands, the Ohio Company’s and Symmes Pur- chases, the United States Military Lands, the Connecticut Reserve, and a num- ber of quarter townships. These school lands were selected by the Secretary of the Treasury. The college townships are thirty-six miles square. A section, thirty-six miles square, in the center of Jackson County, in the vicinity and containing the Scioto Salt Licks, was also reserved by Congress, together with a quarter- mile township in Delaware County. This swept over 27,040 acres. In 1824, Congress authorized the State to sell these lands. The proceeds were to be devoted to literary requirements, such as might be specified by Congress. IMPROVEMENTS. We have heretofore briefly alluded to the canal system of Ohio, which in the beginning caused considerable anxiety to settlers directly in the course of its survey. The Legislature passed the “ Internal Improvement by Navigable Canals ” act, in 1825, and the work was immediately inaugurated and hastened. The “ Ohio Canal ” extends from the lake to- the Ohio, and the “ Miami ” con- nects Cincinnati with Dayton. The latter was completed to Toledo in 1844, a length of 493 miles. Its total cost, including reservoir cutting and feeders, was $7,500,000. The Ohio Canal was finished in 1833. During the construction of these canals, the curiosities which have attracted antiquarians and scientists, in the State of Ohio, were found in various places. Relics were discovered that must have belonged to a giant race. Nearly 3,000 graves were found, of the “ mound type.” A third canal was begun in 1836, reaching from Walhonding, in Coshocton County, to Roscoe, its length being twenty-five miles, involving an expense of $610,000. This was completed in 1842. The Hocking Canal, between Car- roll, in Fairfield ■ County, and Athens, in Athens County, a distance of fifty- six miles, was also cut, about the same time, at a cost of nearly $1,000,000. The Muskingum improvements were also being carried forward. Locks and dams were requisite for the perfection of navigation in this water-course, from Dresden to Marietta, a distance of ninety-one miles. This added an expense of $1,630,000 to the call for improvement appropriations. To the Miami Canal was added a feeder, known as the Warren County Canal — extending from Franklin to Lebanon, which was not completed, although over' $250,000 were expended in its construction as far as it went. Railway transportation was a subject which engrossed the attention of those in- terested in State perpetuity and general jirosperity. About the year 1831, the Leg- islature received applications for railway charters. The first one granted was the “ Cincinnati, Sandusky & Cleveland Railroad,” on June 5, 1832. The “ Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark Railroad ” obtained a charter in 1836, March 11, followed, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 135 three days thereafter, by the “ Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad.” The “ Little Miami ” was begun in 1837. Notwithstanding these chartered rights, but 129 miles were completed in 1847, and in operation. In 1878, the mileage had increased to 6,264. The valuation of the operating roads was estimated the same year, at $76,113,500. Their taxation summed up $1,128,116. No State in the Union has been more zealous in her educational interests than Ohio. Public lands were generously granted by Congress, and the State added her affirmation. However, no practical and effectual system was adopted until 1825. An act was then passed to tax all real property one-half mill per dollar for the establishment of schools in each township, and the support of the same. An act of 1829, increased the tax to three-fourths of a mill. Trustees of townships were instructed to make divisions and locate convenient school dis- tricts. Householders were to elect three school directors, a clerk and treasurer annually. Privileges and restrictions were enjoined in all cases. The house- holders were allowed their discretion, governed accordingly, in imposing taxes for the erection of school buildings. The Courts of the Common Pleas appointed a committee to examine the qualifications of those individuals mak- ing application for the position of teachers. The school extended equal privi- leges to all white children. Those of colored parentage were excluded, and no tax was levied for school purposes upon colored parents. An amendment has admitted the children of colored parents. The system has continued the same, with a few amendments. A State Commissioner of Common Schools is elected every third year, who has general charge of the interests of public schools. A State Board of Examiners, composed of three persons, appointed by the State Commissioner, for two years’ term, is authorized to issue life certificates of high qualifications, to such teachers as it may find to possess the requisite scholarship, character, experience and ability. These certificates, signed by the Commis- sioner, are valid throughout the State. A County Board of Examiners, of three members, is formed in each county. Boards of education, for cities, are made up of one or two members from each ward. City Boards of Examiners are also appointed. Section 4 of the law of 1873, was amended in 1877, which made the territory annexed to an incorporated village, at the option of the voters of the village and tributary section, whether it be included with the vil- lage as one school district, or left as two school districts. Section 56 of the law was amended, in its bearing upon cities of 30,000 to 75,000 inhabitants, by limiting to five mills on the dollar of taxable property, the levies in such cities for con- tinuing schools, for purchasing sites for schoolhouses, for leasing, purchasing, erecting and furnishing school houses, and for all school expenses. The public funds are subject to the discretion of voters, and boards are authorized, under instructions, to make the best use of such funds. Taxation is subject to the discretion of the State, certain limits being prescribed. 136 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. In 1878, the number of youth of the school age numbered 1,041,963. On the rolls, 740,194 names were recorded. In the year 1878, 23,391 teach- ers were employed, receiving $4,956,514.46 for their services. Ohio not only sustains her public schools on a broad, liberal basis, but she encourages educational pursuits in superior universities and colleges throughout the State. These institutions are not aided by State funds, but are sustained by society influence, added to their self-supporting resources. Ohio also possesses a large number of normal schools, academies, seminaries and business colleges. These are not entitled to the privileges of the school fund. Scientific, profes- sional, theological, legal and medical instructions are in no manner limited iD their facilities. Industrial and reformatory schools are especially thorough. Institutions for the instruction of the deaf and dumb, and blind, and feeble- minded, are under the best discipline. We may add, many female seminaries have been established which are entirely sustained by other than State aid. Ohio has, from its inception, been solid and vigorous in whatever tended toward improvement and enlightenment. We have also referred to the banking system of this State, as being first established on a basis through a contest between the State and the General Government. Authorities differ regarding the exact date and location of the very first house established in the State for the purpose of transacting banking business. It is highly probable that Marietta is more directly associated with that event than any other town. There are at present over one hundred and sixty-seven national banks, with an aggregate capital of $27,794,468. It also has eighteen banks of deposit, incorporated under the State banking laws of 1845, representing an aggregate capital of $539,904. Twenty-three savings banks, incorporated under the State act of 1875, with an aggregate capital of $1,277,500. Of private banks it has 192, with an aggregate capital of $5,663,898. The State represents in her banking capital over $36,275,770. The First National of Cincinnati lias a capital stock of over $1,000,000. The others fall below that sum, their capital diminishing from 10,000 shares of $100 each. The valuation for taxation is $850,000 — Merchant’s National of Cincinnati — to the valuation of a tax of $5,000 on the First National of Beverly. BOUNDARY LINES. W e must not omit the subj ect of the State boundaries. Ohio was especially the field for most animated discussions, relative not only to State limits but county lines and township rights. In 1817, a severe controversy arose, which was settled only after violent demonstrations and Government interference. In primitive times, the geographical position, extent and surface diversities were but meagerly comprehended. In truth, it may be asserted they could not have been more at variance with actual facts had they been laid out “ hap- hazard.” The ordinance of 1787 represented Lake Michigan far north of its real position, and even as late as 1812, its size and location had not been HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 137 definitely ascertained. During that year, Amos Spafford addressed a clear, com- prehensive letter to the Governor of Ohio, on this subject, relative to the boundary lines of Ohio. Several lines of survey were laid out as the first course, but either Michigan or Ohio expressed disapproval in every case. This culminated in 1835, when the party beginning a “ permanent ” survey began at the northwest corner of the State, and was attacked by a force of Michigan settlers who sent them away badly routed and beaten. No effort was made to return to the work until the State and various parties had weighed the subject, and finally the interposition of the Government became necessary. A settlement resulted in Ohio being bounded on the north by Lake Erie and the State of Michigan, on the east by Pennsylvania and West Virginia, on the south by the Ohio River, and on the w T est by Indiana. It is situated between the 38° 25' and 42° north latitude, and 84° 50' west longitude from Greemvich, or 3° 30' and 7° 50' west from Washington. From north to south, it extends over 210 miles, and from east to west 220 miles — comprising 39,964 square miles. The State is generally higher than the Ohio River. In the southern counties, the surface is greatly diversified by the inequalities produced by the excavating power of the Ohio River and its tributaries. The greater portion of the State was originally covered with timber, although in the central and northwestern sections some prairies were found. The crest or watershed between the waters of Lake Erie and those of the Ohio is less elevated than in New York or Pennsylvania. Sailing upon the Ohio the country appears to be mountainous, bluffs rising to the height of two hundred and fifty to six hundred feet above the valleys. Ascending the tributaries of the Ohio, these precipitous hills gradually lessen until they are resolved into gentle undulations, and toward the sources of the river the land is low and marshy. Although Ohio has no inland lakes of importance, she possesses a favorable river system, which, aided by her canals, gives her prestige of a convenient water transportation. The lake on her northern boundary, and the Ohio River on her southern limit, afford most convenient outlets by water to impor- tant points. Her means of communication and transportation are superior in every respect, and are constantly being increased. ORGANIZATION OF COUNTIES AND EARLY EVENTS. Adams County was named in honor of John Adams, second President of the United States. Gov. St. Clair proclaimed it a county on July 10, 1797. The Virginia Military Tract included this section, and the first settlement made within its boundaries was in this county in 1795, between the Scioto and Little Miami, at Manchester, by Gen. Nathaniel Massie. In this town was held the first court of the county. West Union, the present county seat, was laid out by the Hon. Thomas Kirker. It occupies the summit of a high ridge. The surface of this county is 138 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. hilly and broken, and the eastern part is not fertile. It produces corn, wheat, oats and pork. Beds of iron are found in the eastern part. Its hills are composed of aluminous shale. The barren hills afford a range for cattle and hogs. A sort of vagrant class derive a support by collecting stones, hoop-poles and tanners’ barks from these hills. Ashland County is one of the finest agricultural sections. It was formed February 26, 1846. Wheat comprises its principal crop, although large quan- tities of oats, corn, potatoes, grass and fruit are raised. Ashland is its county seat, and was laid out by William Montgomei’y in 1816. It was called Union- town for several years. Daniel Carter raised the first cabin within the county limits in 1811. Auglaize County was formed in February, 1848, from Allen and Mercer Counties. Wapakoneta is its county seat. Allen County was formed from the Indian Territory April 1, 1820. Lima is its county seat. Ashtabula County was formed June 7, 1807, and was organized January 22, 1811. The surface is level near the lake, while the remainder is undulat- ing. The soil is mostly clay. Very little wheat is raised, but considerable corn and oats. Butter and cheese are the main marketable productions. This was the first county settled on the Western Reserve, and also the earliest in Northern Ohio. On the 4th of July, 1796, the first surveying party arrived at the mouth of Conneaut Creek. Judge James Kingsbury was the first who wintered there with his family. He was the first man to use a sickle in the first wheat-field in the Western Reserve. Their child was the first born on the- Western Reserve, and was starved to death. The first regular settlement was at Harpersfield, in 1798. Jefferson is the county seat. Ashtabula is pleasantly situated on the river, with a fine harbor two and a half miles from the village. The first church on the Western Reserve was founded at Austinburg in 1801. Athens County was formed from Washington March 1, 1805. It produces wheat, corn, oats and tobacco. The surface is hilly and broken, with rich bot- tom lands between. Coal, iron ore and salt add materially to its commercial value. It has the advantage of the canal, as well as other transportation. Athens, its county seat, is situated on the Hocking River. The Ohio Uni- versity, the first college founded in the State, is located here. We have mentioned the ancient mounds found in this county, heretofore. Yellow pine is abundant in the lower part of the Hocking Valley. Brown County was formed March 1, 1817, from Adams and Clermont. It produces wheat, corn, rye, oats and pork. The southern part is prolific in grain, while the northern is adapted to grazing purposes. The surface is undu- lating, with the exception of the Ohio River hills. Over this county Tecumseh once held sway. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 139' Georgetown is the county seat, and was laid out in 1819. Ripley is the larg- est business town in the county. Belmont County was announced by Gov. St. Clair September 7, 1801. It produces large crops of wheat, oats, corn and tobacco, an annual crop of over 2,000,000 pounds of the latter being the average. It also trades largely in wool and coal. It is a picturesque tract of country, and was one of the pioneers in the early settled portions. In 1790, Fort Dillie was erected on the west side of the Ohio. Baker’s Fort was a mile below the mouth of the Captina. Many desperate Indian bat- tles were fought within the limits of this county, and the famous Indian scout, Lewis Wetzel, roamed over the region. St. Clairsville is the county seat, situated on the elevation of land, in a fer- tile district. Capt. Kirkwood and Elizabeth Zane, of historic fame, were early pioneers here. Butler County was formed in 1803, from Hamilton. It is within the blue limestone formation, and one of -the most fertile sections of Ohio. It produces more corn than any other county in the State, besides fine crops of wheat, oats and large quantities of pork. Hamilton, the county seat, is situated on the Great Miami. Its hydraulic works furnish superior water-power. Rossville, on the opposite side of the Miami, is a large mercantile town. St. Clair passed through this county on his Indian campaigns in 1791, building Fort Hamilton on the Miami. Champaign County was formed March 1, 1805, from Greene and Franklin. It is drained by Mad River and its tributaries, which furnishes extensive mill privileges. Nearly a half is undulating, a quarter rolling, a fifth hilly, and 5 per cent wet prairie. The soil is fertile, and produces wheat, corn, oats, barley, hay, while beef and wool add to the general wealth. Urbana, the county seat, was laid out in 1805, by Col. William Ward. He was chief owner of the land and donated many lots to the county, under condition that their proceeds be devoted to public improvements. Joseph Vance and George Fithian were the first settlers. The Methodists built the first church in 1807. The main army of Hull concentrated at this point before setting out for Detroit. Many Indian councils were called here, and Tecumseh was located for a time near Deer Creek. Carroll County was formed from Columbiana in 1832-33. It produces wheat, oats and corn, and valuable coal and iron. The surface is hilly. Car- rollton is its county seat. At Harlem is a celebrated chalybeate spring. Clark County was formed March 1, 1817, from Champaign, Madison and Greene. Its second settlement was at Kreb’s Station, in 1796. It is highly culti- vated, well watered and very fertile. The Mad River, Buck and Beaver Creeks furnish abundant water-power. It produces principally wheat, corn and oats. Tecumseh, the old Indian warrior, was born at the ancient Indian vil- lage of Piqua, on the Mad River, on the site of New Boston. Piqua was 140 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. destroyed by Gen. George Rogers Clarke. Skeletons, beads, gun barrels, tomahawks, kettles, etc., have been found in the vicinity. Springfield, the county seat, is situated on the National road. It has con- venient transportation facilities, is handsomely laid out, and is noted for its cultured citizens. It is near Mad River, and Buck Creek runs through it. Clinton County was formed in 1810. It produces chiefly wheat, oats, wool and pork. Its surface is undulating, in some parts hilly, and the soil fer- tile. Its streams furnish desirable water-power. The county was settled in 1808. Wilmington is the county seat, and was laid out in 1811. The first log house was built by William Hobsin. Clermont County was the eighth formed in the Northwest Territory, by proclamation of Gov. St. Clair, December 9, 1800. The soil is exceedingly rich, and the surface is broken and, near the Ohio, hilly. Wheat, corn, oats, hay, potatoes, tobacco, barley, buckwheat and rye form the main crops, while beef, pork, flour, hay and whisky constitute its main exports. Its streams furnish good water-power. Batavia, its county seat, is situated on the Little Miami River, and was laid out in 1820, by George Ely. Columbiana County was formed March 25, 1803, from Jefferson and Wash- ington. Its soil is very fertile, producing wheat, corn, oats and potatoes. It is wealthy in mineral deposits, coal, iron ore, lime and freestone being abun- dant. Its water-lime stone is of superior quality. Salt water is found on Yel- low and Beaver Creeks. This is also the great wool-producing county of the State. It was settled in 1797. New Lisbon, its county seat, is well built. The first paper-mill in Ohio was erected in this county, on Little Beaver Creek, by John Coulter and John Bever. Coshocton County was organized April 1, 1811. Its principal products are wheat, corn, oats and wool. Hills and valleys alternate along the Muskingum River. Abrupt changes are strongly marked — a rich alluvum being overhung by a red- bush hill, while directly beside it may be seen the poplar and sugar tree. Coal and iron ore add to its general importance, while salt wells have proven remunerative. Coshocton, the county seat, is built on four wide, natural terraces, at the junction of the Tuscarawas with the Walhonding. Cuyahoga County was formed June 7, 1807, from Geauga. Near the lake, the soil is sandy, while a clayey loam may be found elsewhere. The valleys near the streams produce wheat, barley and hay. Fruit is successfully grown, and cheese, butter, beef and wool are largely exported. Bog iron is found in the western part, and fine grindstone quarries are in operation. The sandstone from these quarries is now an important article of commerce. As early as 1775, there was a French settlement within the boundaries of Cuyahoga. In 1786, a Moravian missionary came to the present site of Cleveland, and set- tled in an abandoned village of the Ottawas. Circumstances prevented a HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 141 permanent settlement, and the British tacitly took possession, even remaining upon the lake shores after the Revolution. The first permanent settlement was made at Cleveland in 1796. Mr. Job V. Stiles and family and Edward Paine passed the first winter there, their log cabin standing where the Commercial Bank is now located. Rodolphus Edwards and Nathaniel Doane settled here. The town was, in 1813, a depot of supplies and a rendezvous for troops engaged in the war. Cleveland, the county seat, is situated at the northern termination of the Ohio Canal, on the lake shore. In 1814, it was incorporated as a village, and in 1836, as a city. Its elevation is about a hundred feet above the lake. It is a lovely city, and has one of the best harbors on Lake Erie. Ohio City is another important town, nearly opposite Cleveland, on the Cuyahoga. It was incorporated in 1836. Crawford County was formed April 1, 1820, from the old Indian territory. The entire county is adapted to grazing. The soil is generally composed of rich vegetable loam, and in some parts the subsoil is clay mixed with lime. Rich beds of shell marl have been discovered. It produces- wheat, corn, oats, clover, timothy seed, wool and cattle. Fine limestone quarries are worked with success. Bucyrus is the county seat, and was laid out February 11, 1822, by Samuel Norton and James Ivilbourn, original owners of the land. The first settler in the town proper was Samuel Norton. A gas well has been dug in Bucyrus, on the land of R. W. Musgrove, which burns in a brilliant light when con- ducted to the surface by means of pipes. Crawford’s Sulphur Springs are located nine miles from Bucyrus. The water is impregnated with sulphuretted hydrogen. It deposits a reddish-purple sediment. In its nature the water is a cathartic, and is diuretic and diaphoretic in its effects. A few rods away is a burning spring. The Annapolis Sulphur Spring is clear and has gained consid- erable fame by its curative qualities. Opposite Bucyrus is a chalybeate spring of tonic qualities. There are some beds of peat in the county, the most extensive one being a wet prairie called Cranberry Marsh, containing nearly 2,000 acres. Darke County was organized in March, 1817, from Miami County. It is abundantly timbered with poplar, walnut, blue ash, hickory, beech and sugar maple. It yields superior wheat, and is well adapted to grazing. In this county occurred the lamentable defeat of St. Clair, and the treaty of Greenville. Greenville is the county seat, and was laid out August 10, 1808, by Robert Gray and John Dover. In December, 1793, Wayne built Fort Greenville on this spot, which covered about the same extent as the present town. Delaware County was formed February 10, 1808, from Franklin. It pro- duces mainly wheat, corn, oats, pork and wool. Delaware is the county seat, and was laid out in the spring of 1808, by Moses Byxbe. The Delaware Spring in the village is of the white sulphur or 142 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. cold hydro-sulphurous nature, valuable for medicinal qualities in cases of bilious derangements, dyspepsia, scrofulous affections, etc. Defiance County was inaugurated March 4, 1845, from Williams, Henry and Paulding. The Maumee, Tiffin and Auglaize flow through it. The Black Swamp covers much of its area. Defiance, the county seat, is situated on the Maumee. It was laid out in 1822, by B. Level and H. Phillips. A large Indian settlement occupied its site in very early times. Wayne arrived here August 8, 1794, captured the place, finding about one thousand acres of corn, peach and apple orchards, and vegetables of all varieties. Here he built Fort Defiance. Erie County was formed in 1838, from Huron and Sandusky. The soil is alluvial, and yields large crops of wheat, corn, oats and potatoes. It possesses inexhaustable quarries of limestone and freestone. Immense quantities of bog iron are also found. The Erie tribe is said to have once occupied the land, and were extirpated by the Iroquois. As early as 1754, the French had built set- tlements. In 1764, the county was besieged. Pontiac came here with warlike demonstrations, but made peace with the whites. Erie was included in the “fire lands” of the Western Reserve. Sandusky City is the county seat, and was laid out in 1817, then termed Portland. At that time it contained two log huts. The town is finely situated, and is based upon an inexhaustible quarry of the finest limestone. In the “patriot war” with the Canadians, this city was the rendezvous for the “ patriots.” Franklin County was formed April 30, 1803, from Ross. It contains much low wet land, and is better adapted to grazing than agricultural purposes. It was in early times occupied by the Wyandot Indians. Its first white set- tlement was made in 1797, by Robert Armstrong and others. Franklinton was laid out in 1797, by Lucas Sullivan. Worthington was settled by the Scioto Company in 1801. Col. Kilbourn, who was interested in the work, constructed the first map of Ohio during his explorations, by uniting sectional diagrams. Columbus, the capital of the State of Ohio, is also the county seat of Franklin County. After the organization of a State government, the capital was “portable” until 1816. In 1810, the sessions were held at Chillicothe, in 1811 and 1812 at Zanesville, removing again to Chillicothe, and, in 1816, being located at Columbus. The town was laid out during the spring of 1812. A penitentiary was erected in 1813, and the State House was built in 1814. It was incorporated as “the borough of Columbus,” February 10, 1816. The city charter was granted March 3, 1834. It is beautifully located on the east bank of the Scioto. The Columbus Institute is a classical institution. A female and a theological seminary also add to its educational advantages. The Ohio Lunatic Asylum is also located here — also the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind. East of the HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 143 State House is the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb. Fairfield County was formed by proclamation of Gov. St. Clair, December 9, 1800. The soil is varied, being in some parts exceedingly rich, and in others very sterile. It produces principally wheat, corn, rye, oats, buckwheat, barley, potatoes and tobacco. Lancaster is the county seat, laid out by Ebenezer Zane in 1800. In 1797, he opened the road known as “Zane’s Trace,” from Wheeling to Limestone — - now Maysville. It passed through Lancaster, at a fording about three hundred yards below the present turnpike bridge. Near the turn stands an imposing eminance called “ Standing Stone.” Parties of pleasure frequently visit this spot. Fayette County was formed from Ross and Highland in 1810. Wheat, corn, cattle, hogs, sheep and wool comprise its main productions. “ The bar- rens” are situated in the northeastern part. This tract is covered by a growth of grass. Washington is its county seat, laid out in 1810. Col. Stewart was active in the interests of this section, and his memory is sacredly revered. Jesse Milliken was prominent in public affairs. Fulton County, bordering on Michigan, was organized in 1850. It is drained by Bean Creek and other small affluents of the Maumee River. Thfe surface is nearly level, and a large part of it is covered with forests of ash, beech, elm, hickory, white oak, black walnut, etc., furnishing excellent timber. The soil is fertile. Wheat, corn, oats and hay are the staple products. Wau- seon is the county seat. Guernsey County was organized in March, 1810. Wool is a staple prod- uct, together with beef, horses and swine. It produces wheat, corn and oats. Cambridge is the county seat and was laid out in June, 1806. Mr. Graham was the first settler on the site of the town, and his was the only dwelling between Lancaster and Wheeling. The first cannel coal found in the county was discovered near Mill’s Creek. Greene County was formed May 1, 1803, from Hamilton and Ross. It produces wheat, corn, rye, grass-seed, oats, barley, sheep and swine. The streams furnish good water-power. There are five limestone quarries, and a marble quarry of variegated colors. The Shawnee town was on the Little Miami, and was visited by Capt. Thomas Bullit in 1773. When Daniel Boone was captured in 1778, he was brought to this town, and escaped the following year. Gen. Clarke invaded this county and the Indians reduced the town to ashes. Xenia, the county seat, was laid off in the forest in 1803, by Joseph C. Vance. The first cabin was erected in April, 1804, by John Marshall. The Rev. James Fowler built the first hewed-log cabin. David A. Sanders built the fir?t frame house. Nine miles north of the town, on the Little Miami River, are the Yellow Springs, which are impregnated with sulphur. 144 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Geauga County was formed in 1805 from Trumbull. It exports sheep, cattle, butter and cheese. It is situated at the head of Chargrine, Cuyahoga and a part of Grand Rivers, on high ground, and is subjected to snowstorms more frequently than any other part of the Reserve. Its first settlement was made in 1798, at Burton. Chardon is fourteen miles from Lake Erie, and is 600 feet above it. It was laid out as the county seat in 1808. Gallia County was formed April 30, 1803, from Washington. Its princi- pal crops are wheat, corn, oats and beans. The surface is generally broken. Its first settlement was made in 1791, by a French colony, at Gallipolis. This colony was sent out under the auspices of the Scioto Company. This town is bow the county seat. Hamilton County was the second established in the Northwestern Territory by proclamation of Gov. St. Clair, January 2, 1790. Its surface is gen- erally rolling. It produces the ordinary farm products, and a great variety of fruits and vegetables for the Cincinnati market. Vineyards thrive well within its limits, and the manufacture of wine is carried on to a considerable extent. This county was the second settled in Ohio, and the first within the Symmes purchase. Settlers arrived at the spot now occupied by Cincinnati, and three or four log cabins were erected. Gen. Arthur St. Clair arrived here in Janu- ary, 1790. The army of Wayne encamped here later, at Fort Washington. Mr. Maxwell established in 1793 the Sentinel of the Northwestern Territory , the first newspaper printed north of the Ohio River. In 1796, Edward Free- man became its proprietor, and changed the name to Freeman’s Journal. January 11, 1794, two keel-boats sailed from Cincinnati to Pittsburgh, making regular trips every four weeks. In 1801, the first sea vessel built at Mari- etta came down the Ohio. Cincinnati, the county seat, was incorporated January 2, 1802. It was char- tered as a city in 1819. The city is beautifully laid out and delightfully situ- ated. Its public buildings are elegant and substantial, including the court house and many literary and charitable institutions. The Cincinnati College was founded in 1819. It stands in the center of the city. It is built in Grecian-Doric style, with pilaster fronts and facade of Dayton marble. Woodward College is also popular. The Catholics have founded the St. Xavier’s College. Lane Seminary, a theological institution, is at Walnut Hills, two miles from the center of the city. It has over 10,000 volumes in its libraries. No charge is made for tuition. Rooms are provided and furnished at $5 per year, and board ranges from 62J cents to 90 cents a week. The Cincinnati Law School is connected with Cin- cinnati College. The Mechanics’ Institute was chartered in 1828, and isf in all respects well supplied with apparatus. A college for teachers was established in 1831, its object being to perfect those contemplating entering that profession in their studies and system. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 145 The Cincinnati Orphan Asylum is an elegant building, and has a library and well-organized school attached. The Catholics of the city have one male and female orphan asylum. The Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asylum of Ohio was incorporated in 1821. Cincinnati is a large manufacturing city, and possesses fine water-power facilities. It communicates with the world by means of its canal, river, turnpikes, and railways. North Bend is another prominent town in this county, having been the residence of Glen. William H. Harrison, and the site of his burial place. The town was of considerable importance in the early settlement of the State. About thirty yards from Harrison’s tomb is the grave of Judge Symmes. Hancock County was formed April 1, 1820. It produces wheat, oats, corn, pork and maple sugar. The surface is level and its soil is fertile. Blanchard’s Fork waters the central and southern part of the county. Findlay, the county seat, was laid out by ex-Gov. Joseph Vance and Elnathan Corry, in 1821. It was relaid in 1829. William Vance settled there in the fall of 1821. At the south end of the town, are two gas wells. In the eastern part, is a mineral spring, and west of the bridge, is a chalybeate spring. Hardin County was formed April 1, 1820, from the old Indian Territory. It produces, principally, wheat, corn and swine. A portion of the surface is level, and the remainder undulating. Fort McArthur was built on the Scioto River, but proved a weak stockade. Kenton is the county seat, situated on the Mad River. Harrison County was formed from Jefferson and Tuscarawas January 1, 1814. The surface is hilly, abounding in coal and limestone. Its soil is clayey. It is one of the important wool-growing counties in Ohio. It produces large quantities of wheat, corn, oats and hay, besides a considerable number of horses, cattle and swine. In April, 1799, Alexander Henderson and family settled in this county, and at the same time, Daniel Peterson and his family resided at the forks of Short Creek. The early settlers were much annoyed by Indians and wild beasts. Cadiz is the county seat, and was laid out in 1803 and 1804, by Messrs. Briggs and Beatty. Henry County was formed from the old Indian Territory, April 1, 1820. Indian com, oats, potatoes, and maple sugar constitute the main products. The county is well supplied with running streams, and the soil is unusually rich. The greater portion of this county is covered by the “ Black Swamp.” Throughout this swamp are ridges of limestone, covered with black walnut, red elm, butternut and maple. The soil is superior for grain. Fruit thrives and all varieties of vegetables are produced in large quantities. Simon Girty, noto- rious for his wicked career, resided in this county. Girty led the attack on Fort Henry, in September, 1777. He demanded the surrender of the fort, and menaced its inmates with an Indian massacre, in case of refusal. The 146 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. action began, but the fort gained the victory. He led a ferocious band of Indi- ans, and committed the most fiendish atrocities. Napoleon, the county seat, is situated on the Maumee River. Highland County was formed in May, 1805, from Ross, Adams and Cler- mont. It is a wealthy, productive county. Its wheat commands a high mar- ket price. The crops consist of wheat, corn, oats, maple sugar, wool, swine and cattle. Its first settlement began in 1801, at New Market, by Oliver Ross, Robert Keeston, George W. Barrere, Bernard Weyer and others. Simon Ken- ton made a trace through this county in early times. Hillsboro is the county seat, and was laid out in 1807, by David Hays, on the land of Benja- min Ellicott. It is situated on the dividing ridge, between the Miami and Sci- oto. The Hillsboro Academy was founded in 1827. Hocking County was formed March 1, 1818, from Ross, Athens and Fair- field. Its principal products are corn, wheat, tobacco and maple sugar. Its surface is broken and hilly, but is level and fertile beside the streams. The Wyandots once occupied this tract, and built a large town herein. In 1798, a few white families ventured to settle. Logan is its county seat, and is situated on the Hocking River. Holmes County was formed from Coshocton, Tuscarawas and Wayne, Janu- ary 20, 1824. It produces wheat, corn, oats, potatoes, maple sugar, swine, sheep and cattle. The southwestern portion is broken. Thomas Butler was the first settler, in 1810. Millersburg is the county seat, and was laid out in 1830. Huron County was organized in 1815. It produces hay, wheat, corn, oats, barley, buckwheat, flaxseed, potatoes, butter, cheese, wool and swine. Nor- walk is the county seat. Jackson County was organized March, 1816. The country is rich in min- erals and abounds in coal and iron ore. The exports are cattle, wool, swine, horses, lumber, millstones, tobacco and iron. Jackson, the county seat, was laid out in 1817. The old Scioto salt-works were among the first worked in Ohio by the whites. Prior to this period, the Indians came some distance to this section to make salt. When Daniel Boone was a prisoner, he spent some time at these Avorks. Jefferson County was proclaimed by Gov. St. Clair July 29, 1797, and was the fifth county established in Ohio. It is one of the most important manufacturing counties in the State. Its resources in coal are also extended. The surface is hilly and the soil fertile, producing Avheat, corn and oats. The old “Mingo” tOAvn Avas on the present farms of Jeremiah Hallock and Mi'. Daniel Potter. The troops of Col. Williamson rendezvoused at this point, when they set out in their cruel Moravian campaign, and also the troops of Col. Crawford, when they started on the campaign against the Sandusky Indians. Here Logan, the powerful and manly chief of the Mingo nation, once resided. He took no active part in the old French war, which closed in HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 147 1760, except that of a peacemaker. He was a stanch friend of the whites until the abominable and unprovoked murder of his father, brother and sister, which occurred in 1774, near the Yellow Creek. He then raised the battle cry and sought revenge. However, Logan was remarkably magnanimous toward prisoners who fell into his hands. The year 1793 was the last spent in Indian warfare in Jeffer- son County. Fort Steuben was erected on the present site of Steubenville, the county seat, in 1789. It was constructed of block-houses, with palisade fences, and was dis- mantled during Wayne’s campaign. Bezaleel Wells and Hon. James Ross laid the town out in 1798. It was incorporated February 14, 1805. It is situated upon an elevated plain. In 1814, Messrs. Wells and Dickerson built a woolen manufactory, and introduced merino sheep to the county. Knox County was formed March 1, 1808, from Fairfield. It is drained by the Vernon River. It produces wheat, corn, oats, tobacco, maple sugar, pota- toes and wool. Mount Vernon was laid out in 1805. The early settlers found two wells on the Vernon River, built of hammered stone, neatly laid, and near by was a salt-lick. Their direct origin remains a mystery. Gilman Bryant, in 1807, opened the first store in Mount Vernon. The court house was built in 1810. The Indians came to Mount Vernon in large numbers for the pur- pose of trading in furs and cranberries. Each Saturday, the settlers worked on the streets, extracting stumps and improving the highway. The first settler north of the place Avas N. M. Young, who built his cabin in 1803. Mount Vernon is now the county seat, beautifully situated on Vernon River. Kenyon College is located at Gambier. It is richly endowed with 8,000 acres, and is valued at $100,000. This institution was established under the auspices of Bishop Chase, in July, 1826, in the center of a $4, 000-acre tract belonging to Kenyon College. It was chartered as a theological seminary. Lucas County is of comparatively recent origin. A large portion is covered by the “Black Swamp.” It produces corn, wheat, potatoes and oats. This county is situated in the Maumee Valley, which Avas the great arena of histori- cal events. The frightful battle of Wayne’s campaign, where the Indians found the British to be traitors, was fought at Fort Meigs, in this county. Maumee City, the county seat, was laid out in 1817, as Maumee, by Maj. William Oliver and others. It is situated on the Maumee, at the head of navigation. The surface is 100 feet above the water level. This town, Avith Perrysburg, its neighbor, is exceedingly picturesque, and was in early times frequented by the Indians. The French had a trading station at this point, in 1680, and in 1794, the Brit- ish Fort — Miami — Avas built. Toledo is on the left bank of the Maumee, and covers the site of a stockade fort, known as Fort Industry, erected in 1800. An Indian treaty was held here July 4, 1805, by which the Indians relinquished all rights to the “ fire lands.” In 1832, Capt. Samuel Allen gave an impetus to the place, and Maj. Stickney also became interested in its advancement. 148 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Speculation in lots began in 1834. The Wabash & Brie Canal interest arose in 1836. Mr. Mason and Edward Bissel added their energies to assist the growth of the town. It was incorporated as a city in 1836. It was the center of the military operations in the “ Ohio and Michigan war,” known as the “boundary conflict.” The Ordinance of 1787 provided for the division of the Northwestern Terri- tory into three or five States. The three southern were to be divided from the two northern by a line drawn east and west through the southern point of Lake Michigan, extending eastward to the Territorial line in Lake Erie. The consti- tution of Ohio adds a provision that if the line should not go so far north as the north cape of Maumee Bay, then the northern boundary of Ohio should be a line drawn from the southerly part of Lake Michigan to the north cape of the Maumee Bay. The line of the ordinance was impossible, according to its instructions and the geography of the country. When Michigan became a Territory, the people living between the “ Eulton ” and “ Harris ” lines found it more to their wishes to be attached to Michigan. They occupied disputed ground, and were thus beyond the limits of absolute law. In 1835, the subject was greatly agitated, and J. Q. Adams made a warm speech before Congress against the Ohio claim. The Legislature of Ohio dis- cussed the matter, and an act was passed to attach the disputed section to Ohio, according to the constitutional decree. An active campaign opened between Michigan and Ohio. Gov. Lucas came out with the Ohio troops, in the spring of 1835, and Gov. Mason, of Michigan, followed the example. He marched into Toledo, robbed melon-patches and chicken-houses, crushed in the front door of Maj. Stickney’s house, and carried him away prisoner of war. Embas- sadors were sent from Washington to negotiate matters — Richard Rush, of Penn- sylvania and Col. Howard, of Maryland. At the next session of Congress, the matter was settled. Samuel Vinton argued for Ohio, in the House, and Thomas Ewing in the Senate. Michigan received an equivalent of the large peninsula between Lakes Huron, Michigan and Superior. Ohio received the disputed strip, averaging eight miles in width. Manhattan, Water ville and Providence are all flourishing towns. Lorain County was formed from Huron, Cuyahoga and Medina, on Decem- ber 26, 1822. The soil is generally fertile, and the surface level. Wheat, grass, oats, corn, rye and potatoes constitute the principal crops. Bog-iron ore is found in large quantities. A curious relic has been found in this county, bear- ing the date of 1533. Elyria is the county seat, and was laid out in 1817. The first settler was Mr. Heman Ely. Oberlin is situated about eight miles southwest of Elyria. The Oberlin Collegiate Institute has attained a wide celebrity. Logan County was formed March 1, 1817. near the Mad River, but is generally level. The surface is broken and hilly The soil is fertile, producing HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO 149 wheat, corn, rye, oats, clover, flax and timothy seed. The Shawnee Indians were located here, and built several villages on the Mad River. These towns were destroyed in 1786, by a body of Kentuckians, under Gen. Benjamin Logan. The whites surprised the towns. However, they returned after the work of destruction had been completed, and for many years frequented the section. On the site of Zanesville was a Wyandot village. By the treaty of September 29, 1817, the Senecas and Shawnees held a reservation around Lewistown. April 6, 1832, they vacated this right and removed west. Isaac Zane was born about the year 1753, and was, while a boy, captured and after- ward adopted by the Wyandots. Attaining the age of manhood, he had no desire to return to his people. He married a Wyandot woman, who was half French. After the treaty of Greenville, he bought 1,800 acres on the site of Zanesville, where he lived until the year 1816, when he died, lamented by all his friends. Logan County was settled about the year 1806. During the war of 1812, it was a rendezvous for friendly Indians. Bellefontaine, the county seat, was laid out March 18, 1820, on land owned by John Tulles and William Powell. Joseph Gordon built a cabin, and Anthony Ballard erected the first frame dwelling. Gen. Simon Kenton is buried at the head of Mad River, five miles from Bellefontaine. He died April 29, 1836, aged eighty-one years and twenty-six days. This remarkable man came West, to Kentucky, in 1771. He probably encountered more thrilling escapes than any other man of his time. In 1778, he was captured and suffered extreme cruelties, and was ransomed by the British. He soon recovered his robust health, and escaped from Detroit the following spring. He settled in Urbana in 1802. He was elected Brigadier General of the militia, and in the war of 1812, joined Gen. Harrison’s army. In the year 1820, he removed to Mad River. Gen. Vance and Judge Burnet secured him a pension, of $20 per month Licking County was formed from Fairfield March 1, 1808. The surface is generally level, diversified by slight hills in the eastern portion. The soil is fertile, producing wheat, corn, oats and grass. Coal and iron ore of good quality add to the wealth of the county. Wool and dairy productions are also staples. Newark is the county seat, and is situated at the confluence of the three principal branches of the Licking. It was laid out by Gen. William C. Schenk, George W. Burnet and John M. Cummings, who owned this military section of 4,000 acres, in 1801. In 1802, Samuel Elliott and Samuel Parr built hewed-log houses. The picturesque “Narrows of the Licking” are in the eastern part of the county, which have elicited general praise from scenic hunters. Lawrence County was organized March 1, 1816. There are many high and abrupt hills in this section, which abound in sand or freestone. It is rich in minerals, and the most important section of Ohio for iron manufacture. 150 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Coal is abundant, and white clay exists in the western part suitable for pot- tery purposes. Agricultural productions are not extensive. The county was settled in 1797 by the Dutch and Irish. The iron region extends through the west part of this county. Lawrence County produces a superior quality of iron, highly esteemed for castings, and is equal to Scotch pig for furnace purposes. Burlington is the county seat. Lake County was formed from Geauga and Cuyahoga March 6, 1840. The soil is good and the surface rolling. It produces wheat, corn, oats, buckwheat, barley, hay and potatoes. Dairy products, cattle and wool are also staples. Its fruits — apples, peaches, pears, plums and grapes are highly prized. As early as 1799, a settlement was formed at Mentor. Painesville, the county seat, is situated on Grand River, in a beautiful valley. The Painesville Acad- emy is a classical institution for the education of both sexes. Near the town is the Geauga furnace. Painesville was laid out by Henry Champion in 1805. At Fairport, the first warehouse in this section, and probably the first on the lake, was built by Abraham Skinner in 1803. This town has a fine harbor, and has a light-house and beacon. -Kirtland, southwest from Painesville, was, in 1834, the headquarters of the Mormons. At that time, they numbered about three thousand. The old Mormon temple is of rough stone, plastered over, colored blue, and marked to imitate regular courses of masonry. As is well known, the Mormons derive their name from the book of Mormon, said to have been translated from gold plates found in a hill in Palmyra, N. Y. Madison County was organized in March, 1810. The surface is generally level. It produces grass, corn, oats and cattle — the latter forming a chief staple, while wool and pork add to the general wealth. Jonathan Alder was much interested in the settlement of the county. He, like some other whites, had lived with the Indians many years, and had formed a lasting affection for them, and had married a squaw, with whom he became dissatisfied, which caused him to desire finding his own family. He suc- ceeded in this through the assistance of John Moore. He left his wife and joined his people. This county was first settled in 1795. Benjamin Springer made a clearing and built a cabin. He settled near Alder, and taught him the English lan- guage. Mr. Joshua Ewing brought four sheep to this place, and the Indians exhibited great astonishment over these strange animals. When the hostilities of 1812 began, the British offered inducements to the Indians to join them, and they consulted Alder regarding the best policy to adopt. He advised them to preserve neutrality until a later period, which they did, and eventually became firm friends of the Americans. London is the county seat, and was laid out in 1810-11, by Patrick McLene. Marion County was organized March 1, 1824. The soil is fertile, and pro- duces extensive farm crops. The Delaware Indians once held a reservation here, and conceded their claims in 1829, August 3, and removed west of the HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 153 Mississippi. Marion, the county seat, was laid out in 1821, by Eber Baker and Alexander Holmes. Gen. Harrison marched through this section during his campaign. Mahoning County was formed in 1846, from Trumbull and Columbiana. The surface is rolling and the soil generally fertile. The finer qualities of wood are produced here. Bituminous coal and iron are found in large quantities. Col. James Hillman came to the Western Reserve in 1786. The settlement of the county went forward. Canfield is the county seat. Medina County was formed from the Western Reserve February 12, 1812. The surface is rolling and the soil is fertile, producing fine agricultural prod- ucts. The first trail made through the county was made by George Poe, Joseph H. Larwell and Roswell M. Mason. The first settlement was made by Joseph Harris in 1811. He was soon joined by the Burr brothers. Me- dina is the county seat. Meigs County was formed from Gallia and Athens April 1, 1819. The general character of the soil is clayey, producing large quantities of wheat, oats, corn, hay and potatoes. Vast quantities of salt are made and exported. Pom- eroy, the county seat, is situated under a lofty hill, surrounded by picturesque scenery. Mr. Nathaniel Clark was the first settler of the county. He arrived in 1816. The first coal mine opened in Pomeroy was in 1819, by David Bradshaw. Mercer County was formed from the Indian Territory in 1820. The sur- face is generally flat, and while covered with forests, inclined to be wet ; but, being cleared, it is very fertile, and adapted to producing farm crops. St. Clair’s Battle was fought on the boundary line between this and Darke County. The Hon. Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur made a treaty at St. Mary’s with the Wyandots, Shawnees and Ottawas, in 1818. The odious Simon Girty lived at one time at St. Mary’s. Wayne built St. Mary’s Fort, on the west bank of the river. John Whistler was the last commander of the fort. The largest artificial lake in the world, so it is asserted, is formed by the reservoir sup- plying the St. Mary’s feeder of the Miami Extension Canal. It is about nine miles long, and from two to four broad. Celina is the county seat. Miami County was formed January 16, 1807, from Montgomery. It abounds in excellent limestone, and possesses remarkable water-power facilities. Its agri- cultural products rank highly in quality and quantity. John Knoop came into this section about the year 1797, and its first settlement began about this time. Troy, the county seat, is situated upon the Great Miami. Piqua is another lovely town. The Miami River affords delightful scenery at this point. Monroe County was formed January 29, 1813, from Belmont, Washington, and Guernsey. A portion of its surface is abrupt and hilly. Large quantities of tobacco are raised, and much pork is exported. Wheat and corn grow well in the western portion. Iron ore and coal abound. The valleys of the streams are very narrow, bounded by rough hills. In some places are natural rock grottoes. The first settlement was made in 1799, near the mouth of the Sunfish. 154 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. At this time, wolves were numerous, and caused much alarm. Volney entered this county, but was not prepossessed in its favor. One township is settled by the Swiss, who are educated and refined. Woodsfield is the county seat. Montgomery County was formed from Ross and Hamilton May 1, 1803. The soil is fertile, and its agricultural products are most excellent. Quarries of grayish-white limestone are found east of the Miami. Dayton is the county seat, situated on the Great Miami, at the mouth of Mad River. A company was formed in 1788, but Indian wars prevented settlement. After Wayne’s treaty, in 1795, a new company was formed. It advanced rapidly between the years 1812 and 1820. The beginning of the Miami Canal renewed its prosperity, in 1827. The first canal-boat from Cincinnati arrived at Dayton on the 25th of January, 1829. The first one arrived from Lake Erie in June, 1845. Col. Robert Patterson came to Dayton in 1804. At one time, he owned Lexington, Ky., and about one third of Cincinnati. Morgan County was organized in 1818, March 1. The surface is hilly and the soil strong and fertile, producing wheat, corn, oats and tobacco. Pork is a prolific product, and considerable salt is made. The first settlement was made in 1790, on the Muskingum. McConnelsville is the county seat. Mr. Ayres made the first attempt to produce salt, in 1817. This has developed into a large industry. Morrow County was organized in 1848. It is drained by the Vernon River, which rises in it, by the East Branch of the Olontangy or Whetstone River, and by Walnut Creek. The surface is undulating, the soil fertile. The staple products are corn, wheat, oats, hay, wool and butter. The sugar maple abounds in the forests, and sandstone or freestone in the quarries. Mount Gilead, the county seat, is situated on the East Branch of the Olen- tangy River. Muskingum County was formed from Washington and Fairfield. The sur- face is rolling or hilly. It produces wheat, corn, oats, potatoes, tobacco, wool and pork. Large quantities of bituminous coal are found. Pipe clay, buhi’- stone or cellular quartz are also in some portions of the State. Salt is made in large quantities — the fine being obtained from a stratum of whitish sandstone. The Wyandots, Delawares, Senecas and Shawanoese Indians once inhabited this section. An Indian town occupied the site of Duncan’s Falls. A large Shawan- oese town was located near Dresden. Zanesville is the county seat, situated opposite the mouth of the Licking. It was laid out in 1799, by Mr. Zane and Mr. Mclntire. This is one of the principal towns in the State, and is surrounded by charming scenery. Noble County, organized in 1851, is drained by Seneca, Duck and Wills Creeks. The surface is undulating, and a large part of it is covered with for- ests. The soil is fertile. Its staples are corn, tobacco, wheat, hay. oats and wool. Among its mineral resources are limestone, coal and petroleum. Near Caldwell, the county seat, are found iron ore, coal and salt. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 155 Ottawa County was formed from Erie, Sandusky and Lucas, March 6, 1840, It is mostly within the Black Swamp, and considerable of its land is prairie and marsh. It was very thinly settled befere 1830. Extensive plaster beds exist on the peninsula, which extends into Lake Erie. It has also large limestone quarries, which are extensively worked. The very first trial at arms upon the soil of Ohio, during the war of 1812, occurred upon this peninsula. Port Clin- ton, the county seat, was laid out in 1827. Perry County was formed from Washington, Fairfield and Muskingum, March 1, 1817. Fine tobacco is raised in large quantities. Wheat, corn, oats, hay, cattle, pork and wool add to the general wealth. This county was first set- tled in 1802. In 1807, John Finck erected the first cabin near the site of Somerset, formerly the county seat. New Livingston is now the county seat. Paulding County was formed from old Indian territory August 1, 1820. It produces corn, wheat and oats. Paulding is the county seat. Pickaway County was formed from Fairfield, Ross and Franklin, January 12, 1810. The county has woodland, barren, plain and prairie. The barrens were covered by shrub oaks, and when cleared are adapted to the raising of corn and oats. The Pickaway plains are three and a half miles west of Circleville, and this tract is said to contain the richest land in Ohio. Here, in the olden times, burned the great council fires of the red man. Here the allied tribes met Gen. Lewis, and fought the battle of Mount Pleasant. Hunmore’s campaign was terminated on these plains. It was at the Chillicothe towns, after Hun- more’s treaty, that Logan delivered his famous speech. Circleville, the county seat, is situated on the Scioto River and the Ohio Canal. It was laid out in 1810, by Daniel Dresbach. It is situated on the site of ancient fortifications. Portage County was formed June 7, 1807, from Trumbull. It is a wealthy, thriving section. Over a thousand tons of cheese are annually produced. It also produces wheat, corn, oats, barley, buckwheat, rye, butter and wool. Ravenna is the county seat, and was originally settled by the Hon. Benjamin Tappen in June, 1799. In 1806, an unpleasant difficulty arose between the settlers and a camp of Indians in Deerfield, caused by a horse trade between a white man and an Indian. David Daniels settled on the site of Palmyra in 1799. Pike County was organized in 1815. The surface is generally hilly, which abound with freestone, which is exported in large quantities for building pur- poses. Rich bottom lands extend along the Scioto and its tributaries. John Noland and the three Chenoweth brothers settled on the Pee Pee prairie about 1796. Piketown, the former county seat, was laid out about 1814. Waverly, the present county seat, is situated on the Scioto River. Preble County was formed March 1, 1808, from Montgomery and Butler. The soil is varied. Excellent water-power facilities are furnished. Eaton, the county seat, was laid out in 1806, by William Bruce, who owned the land. An overflowing well of strong sulphur water is near the town, while directly beside it is a limestone quarry. Holderman’s quarry is about two 156 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. miles distant, from which is obtained a beautifully clouded gray stone. Fort St. Clair was built near Eaton, in the winter of 1791-92. Gen. Harrison was an En- sign at the time, and commanded a guard every other night for three weeks, during the building. The severe battle of November 6, 1792, was fought under its very guns. Little Turtle, a distinguished chief of the Miamis, roamed over this county for a time. He was witty, brave and earnest, and, although engaged in several severe contests with the whites, he was inclined toward peace. But when his warriors cried for war he led them bravely. Putnam County was formed April 1, 1820, from old Indian territory. The soil is fertile, its principal productions being wheat, corn, potatoes and oats. Large quantities of pork are exported. Ivalida, once the county seat, was laid out in 1834. Ottawa is the county seat. Ross County was formed August 20, 1798, by the proclamation of Gov. St. Clair, and was the sixth county formed in the Northwestern Territory. The Scioto River and Paint Creek run through it, bordered with fertile lands. Much water-power is obtained from the many streams watering it. The main crops are wheat, corn and oats. It exports cattle and hogs. The Rev. Robert W. Finley, in 1794, addressed a letter of inquiry to Col. Nathaniel Massie, as many of his associates had designed settling in the new State. This resulted in packing their several effects and setting out. A triv- ial Indian encounter was the only interruption they met with on their way. After Wayne’s treaty, Col. Massie and many of these early explorers met again and formed a settlement — in 1796 — at the mouth of Paint Creek. In August of this year, Chillicothe was laid out by Col. Massie, in a dense forest. He donated lots to the early settlers. A ferry was established over the Scioto, and the opening of Zane’s trace assisted the progress of settlement. Chillicothe, the county seat, is situated on the Scioto. Its site is thirty feet above the river. In 1800, it was the seat of the Northwestern Territorial Government. It was incorporated as a city in January, 1802. During the war of 1812, the city was a rendezvous for the United States troops. A large num- ber of British were at one time guarded here. Adena is a beautiful place, and the seat of Gov. Worthington’s mansion, which was built in 1806. Near this is Fruit Hill, the residence of the late Gen. McArthur, and latterly the home of his son-in-law, the Hon. William Allen. Eleven miles from Chillicothe, on the road to Portsmouth, is the home of the hermit of the Scioto. Richland was organized March 1, 1813. It produces wheat, corn, oats, hay, potatoes, rye, hemp and barley. It was settled about 1809, on branches of the Mohican. Two block-houses were built in 1812. Mansfield, the county seat, is charmingly situated, and was laid out in 1808, by Jacob Newman, James Hedges and Joseph H. Larwell. The county was at that period a vast wilder- ness, destitute of roads. From this year, the settlement progressed rapidly. Sandusky County was formed April 1, 1820, from the old Indian Territory. The soil is fertile, and country generally level. It mainly produces corn, wheat, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 157 oats, potatoes and pork. The Indians were especially delighted with this tract. Near Lower Sandusky lived a band of Wyandots, called the Neutral Nation. These two cities never failed to render refuge to any who sought their protec- tion. They preserved their peacemaking attributes: through the Iroquois conflicts. Fremont, formerly called Lower Sandusky, the county seat, is situated at the head of navigation, on the Sandusky, on the site of the old reservation grant to the Indians, at the Greenville treaty council. Fort Stephenson was erected in August, 1813, and was gallantly defended by Col. Croghan. Summit County was formed March 3, 1840, from Medina, Portage and Stark. The soil is fertile and produces excellent fruit, besides large crops of corn, wheat, hay, oats and potatoes. Cheese and butter may be added as products. The first settlement made in the county was at Hudson, in 1800. The old Indian portage-path, extending through this county, between the Cuyahoga' and Tuscarawas Branch of the Muskingum. This was a part of the ancient boundary between the Six Nations and the Western Indians. Akron, the county seat, is situated on the portage summit. It was laid out in 1825. In 1811, Paul Williams and Amos and Minor Spicer settled in this vicinity. Middlebury was laid out in 1818, by Norton & Hart. Stark County was formed February 13, 1808. It is a rich agricultural county. It has large quantities of mineral coal, iron ore, flocks of the finest sheep and great water power. Limestone and extensive beds of lime-marl exist. The manufacture of silk has been extensively carried on. Frederick Post, the first Moravian missionary in Ohio, settled here in 1761. Canton is the county seat, situated in the forks of the Nimishillen, a tribu- tary of the Muskingum. It was laid out in 1806, by Bezaleel Wells, who owned the land. Massillon was laid out in March, 1826, by John Duncan. Shelby County was formed in 1819, from Miami. The southern portion is undulating, arising in some places to hills. Through the north, it is a flat table- land. It produces wheat, corn, oats and grass. The first point of English set- tlement in Ohio was at the mouth of Laramie’s Creek, in this county, as early as 1752. Fort Laramie was built in 1794, by Wayne. The first white family that settled in this county was that of James Thatcher, in 1804. Sidney, the county seat, was laid out in 1819, on the farm of Charles Starrett. Seneca County was formed April 1, 1820, from the old Indian territory. Its principal products are corn, wheat, grass, oats, potatoes and pork. Fort Seneca was built during the war of 1812. The Senecas owned 40,000 acres of land on the Sandusky River, mostly in Seneca County. Thirty thousand acres of this land was granted to them in 1817, at the treaty held at the foot of the Maumee Rapids. The remaining 10,000 was granted the following year. These Indians ceded this tract, however, to the Govern- ment in 1831. It was asserted by an old chief, that this band was the remnant 158 HISTORY OF TIIE STATE OF OHIO. of Logan’s tribe. Tiffin, the county seat, was laid out by Josiah Hedges in the year 1821. Scioto County was formed May 1, 1808. It is a good agricultural section, besides producing iron ore, coal and freestone. It is said that a French fort stood at the mouth of the old Scioto, as early as 1740. In 1785, four families settled where Portsmouth now stands. Thomas McDonald built the first cabin in the county. The “French grant” was located in this section — a tract com- prising 24,000 acres. The grant was made in March, 1795. Portsmouth, the county seat, is located upon the Ohio. Trumbull County was formed in 1800. The original Connecticut Western Reserve was within its limits. The county is well cultivated and very wealthy. Coal is found in its northern portion. We have, in our previous outline, given a history of this section, and it is not, therefore, necessary to repeat its details. Warren, the county seat, is situated on the Mahoning River. It was laid out by Ephraim Quinby in 1801. Mr. Quinby owned the soil. His cabin was built here in 1799. In August, 1800, while Mr. McMahon was away from home, a party of drunken Indians called at the house, abused the family, struck a child a severe blow with a tomahawk and threatened to kill the family. Mrs. McMahon could not send tidings which could reach her husband before noon the following day. The following Sunday morning, fourteen men and two boys armed themselves and went to the Indian camp to settle the difficulty. Quinby advanced alone, leaving the remainder in concealment, as he was better acquainted with these people, to make inquiries and ascertain their intentions. He did not return at once, and the party set out, marched into camp, and found j Quinby arguing with Capt. George, the chief. Capt. George snatched his tomahawk and declared war, rushing forward to kill McMahon. But a bullet from the frontierman’s gun killed him instantly, while Storey shot “ Spotted John” at the same time. The Indians then fled. They joined the council at Sandusky. Quinby garrisoned his house. Fourteen days thereafter, the Indians returned with overtures of peace, which were, that McMahon and Storey be taken to Sandusky, tried by Indian laws, and if found guilty, pun- ished by them. This could not be done. McMahon was tried by Gen. St. Clair, and the matter was settled. The first missionary on the Reserve was the Rev. Joseph Badger. Tuscarawas County was formed February 15, 1808, from Muskingum. It , is well cultivated with abundant supplies of coal and iron. The first white settlers were Moravian missionaries, their first visits dating back to 1761. The fii’st permanent settlement was made in 1803. Miss Mary Heckewelder, the daughter of a missionary, was born in this county April 16, 1781. Fort Laurens was built during the Revolution. It was the scene of a ’ fearful carnage. It was established in the fall of 1778, and placed under the i command of Gen. McIntosh. New Philadelphia is the county seat, situated on the Tuscarawas. It was laid out in 1804 by John Knisely. A German HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 159 colony settled in this county in 1817, driven from their native land by religious dictation they could not espouse. They called themselves Separatists. They are a simple-minded people, strictly moral and honest. Union County was formed from Franklin, Delaware, Logan and Madison in 1820. It produces corn, grass, wheat, oats, potatoes, butter and cheese. Extensive limestone quarries are also valuable. The Ewing brothers made the first white settlement in 1798. Col. James Curry, a member of the State Leg- islature, was the chief instigator in the progress of this section. He located within its limits and remained until his death, which occurred in 1834. Marys- ville is the county seat. Van Wert County was formed from the old Indian territory April 1, 1820. A great deal of timber is within the limits of this county, but the soil is so tenacious that water will not sink through it, and crops are poor during wet seasons. The main product is corn. Van Wert, the county seat, was founded by James W. Riley in 1837. An Indian town had formerly occupied its site. Capt. Riley was the first white man who settled in the county, arriving in 1821. He founded Wiltshire in 1822. Vinton County was organized in 1850. It is drained by Raccoon and Salt Creeks. The surface is undulating or hilly, and is extensively covered with forests in which the oak, buckeye and sugar maple are found. Corn, hay, but- ter and wool are staple products. Bituminous coal and iron ore are found. McArthur is the county seat. Washington County was formed by proclamation of Gov. St. Clair July 27, 1788, and was the first county founded within the limits of Ohio. The surface is broken with extensive tracts of level, fertile land. It was the first county settled in the State under the auspices of the Ohio Company. A detachment of United States troops, under command of Maj. John Doughty, built Fort Harmar in 1785, and it was the first military post established in Ohio by Americans, with the exception of Fort Laurens, which was erected in 1778. It was occupied by United States troops until 1790, when they were ordered to Connecticut. A company under Capt. Haskell remained. In 1785, the Directors of the Ohio Company began practical operations, and settlement went forward rapidly. Campus Martius, a stockade fort, was completed in 1791. This formed a sturdy stronghold during the war. During the Indian war there was much suffering in the county. Many settlers were killed and captured. Marietta is the county seat, and the oldest town in Ohio. Marietta College was chartered in 1835. Herman Blannerhassett, whose unfortunate association with Aaron Burr proved fatal to himself, was a resident of Marietta in 1796. About the year 1798, he began to beautify and improve his island. Warren County was formed May 1, 1803, from Hamilton. The soil is very fertile, and considerable water-power is furnished by its streams. Mr. Bedell made the first settlement in 1795. Lebanon is the county seat. Henry 160 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Village is a settlement of Taylor settled in this vicinity in 1796. Union Shakers. They came here about 1805. Wayne County was proclaimed by Gov. St. Clair August 15, 1796, and was the third county in the Northwest Territory. The settlement of this sec- tion has already been briefly delineated. Wooster is the county seat. It was laid out during the fall of 1808, by John Beaver, William Henry and Joseph H. Larwell, owners of the land. Its site is 337 feet above Lake Erie. The first mill was built by Joseph Stibbs in 1809, on Apple Creek. In 1812, a block-house was erected in Wooster. Wood County was formed from the old Indian territory in 1820. The soil is rich, and large crops are produced. The county is situated within the Mau- mee Valley. It was the arena of brilliant military exploits during early times. Bowling Green is the county seat. Williams County was formed April 1, 1820, from the old Indian territory. Bryan is the county seat. It was laid out in 1840. Wyandot County was formed February 3, 1845, from Marion, Harden, Hancock and Crawford. The surface is level and the soil is fertile. The Wyandot Indians frequented this section. It was the scene of Crawford’s defeat, in June, 1782, and his fearful death. The treaty of 1817, Hon. Lewis Cass and Hon. Duncan McArther, United States Commissioners, granted to the Indians a reservation ten miles square, the central point being Fort Ferree. This reservation was ceded to the United States in 1829. The Wyandots ceded theirs March 17, 1842. The United States Commissioner was Col. John Johnson, who thus made the last Indian treaty in Ohio. Every foot of this State was fairly purchased by treaties. The Wyandots were exceedingly brave, and several of their chiefs were men of exalted moral principles. Upper Sandusky is the county seat, and was laid out in 1843. Gen. Har- rison had built Ferree on this spot during the war of 1812. Gov. Meigs, in 1813, encamped near the river, with several thousand of the Ohio militia. The Indian town of Upper Sandusky was originally Crane Town. The Indians transferred their town, after the death of Tarke, to Upper Sandusky. GOVERNORS OF OHIO. The Territorial Governors we have already mentioned in the course of our brief review of the prominent events of the State of Ohio. After the Terri- tory was admitted as a State, in 1802, Edward Tiffin was elected to that position, and again received the same honor, in 1804 and 1806. In 1807, circumstances led him to resign, and Thomas Kirker, Speaker of the House, acted as Gover- nor, until the close of the term. Edward Tiffin was born in Carlisle, England, coming to this country in 1784, at the age of eighteen. He entered the University of Pennsylvania, and applied himself to the study of medicine, graduating and beginning his practice at the age of twenty, in the State of Virginia. In 1789, he married Mary, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 161 daughter of Col. Worthington, and sister of Thomas Worthington, who subse- quently became Governor of Ohio. In his profession, Gov. Tiffin was highly esteemed, and his public labors were carried forward with a zealous earnestness which marked his career as one of usefulness. He settled in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1796, where he died, in 1829. Samuel Huntington, the recipient of the honor of second Governor, was inaugurated in 1808. He was an American by birth, Norwich, Conn.^ being his native place. He was a diligent student in Yale College, graduating in 1785. He removed to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1801. He attained a reputation for integrity, ability and rare discretion. As a scholar, he was eminently supe- rior. He resided in Cleveland at the time of his death, in 1817. Return Jonathan Meigs followed Gov. Huntington. He was born in Mid- dletown, Conn., in 1765. He was also a student in Yale College, graduating in 1785, with the highest honors. He immediately entered the study of law, and was admitted to practice in his twenty-third year. He married Miss Sophia Wright, and settled in Marietta, Ohio, in 1788. He took his seat as Gover- nor in 1810, and was re-elected in 1812. In 1813, President Madison appointed him to the position of Postmaster General, which occasioned his resignation as Governor. Othniel Looker, Speaker of the House, acted as Governor during the remainder of the term. Mr. Meigs died in 1825, leaving as a memento of his usefulness, a revered memory. Thomas Worthington, the fourth Governor, was born in Jefferson County, Va., in 1769. He gained an education in William and Mary’s College. In 1788, he located at Chillicothe, and was the first Senator from the new State. He was also the first man to erect the first saw-mill in Ohio. He served two terms as Senator, from 1803 to 1815, resigning in 1814, to take his position as Governor. In 1816, he was re-elected. He was exceedingly active in paving the way for the future prosperity of Ohio. His measures were famous for practical worth and honesty. Chief Justice Chase designated him as “a gentleman of distinguished ability and great influence.” He died in 1827. Ethan Allen Brown followed Mr. Worthington. His birthplace was on the shore of Long Island Sound, in Fairfield County, Conn., July 4, 1766. His education was derived under the most judicious instruction of a private tutor. In classics, he became proficient. Directly he had reached the required stand- ard in general education, he began the study of law, at home. After becoming conversant with preliminary requirements, he entered the law office of Alex- ander Hamilton, who at that time was a national pride, as a scholar, lawyer and statesman. Opportunities coming in his way, which promised a fortune, he abandoned the law, and achieved success and a fortune. He then decided to return to his study, and was admitted to practice in 1802. Thereafter, he was seized with an exploring enthusiasm, and with his cousin as a companion, set out upon a horseback tour, following the Indian trails from east to west, through Pennsylvania, until they reached Brownsville, on the Monongahela River. Here 162 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. they purchased two flatboats, and fully stocking them with provisions and obtaining efficient crews, started for New Orleans. Reaching that city, they found they could not dispose of their cargoes to any advantage, and shipped the flour to Liverpool, England, taking passage in the same vessel. They succeeded in obtaining good prices for their stock, and set sail for America, arriving in Bal- timore nine months after first leaving “ home,” on this adventure. Mr. Brown’s father decided to secure a large and valuable tract of Western land, as a per- manent home, and authorized his son to select and purchase the same for him. He found what he desired, near Rising Sun, Ind. After this, he settled in Cincinnati, and engaged in the practice of law, speedily achieving prominency and distinction. Financially, he was most fortunate. In 1810, he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court, which position lie filled with honor, until he was chosen Governor, in 1818. He was re-elected in 1820. In 1821, he received the honor of Senator, and served one term, with the highest distinction, gain- ing emolument for himself and the State he represented. In 1830, he was appointed Minister to Brazil. He remained there four years, and returning, was appointed Commissioner of Public Lands, by President Jackson, holding this position two years. At this time, he decided to retire from public life. Since he never married, he was much with his relatives, at Rising Sun, Ind., during the latter part of his life. His death was sudden and unexpected, occur- ring in February, 1852, while attending a Democratic Convention, at Indianap- olis, Ind. He was interred near his father, at Rising Sun. Jeremiah Morrow, the sixth Governor of Ohio, was born at Gettysburg, Penn., in October, 1771. His people were of the “ Scotch-Irish ” class, and his early life was one of manual labor upon his father’s farm. During the winter, he had the privilege of a private school. With a view of establishing himself and securing a competency, he hade the old home farewell, in 1795, and set out for the “ Far West.” A flatboat carried him to a little cluster of cabins, known by the name of Columbia, six miles from Fort Washington — Cincinnati. He devoted himself to whatever came in his way, that seemed best and most worthy — teaching school, surveying and working on farms between times. Having accumulated a small capital, he ascended the Little Miami, as far as Warren County, and there purchased an extensive farm, and erected an excellent log house. In the spring of 1799, he married Miss Mary Packtrell, of Columbia. The young couple set out upon pioneer farming. Gaining popularity as well as a desirable property, he was deputized to the Territorial Legislature, which met at Chillicothe, at which time measures were inaugurated to call a Constitutional Convention, during the following year, to organize the State of Ohio. Mr. Morrow was one of the Delegates to this convention, and steadfastly worked in the interests of those who sent him, until its close in 1802. The following year, he was elected to the Senate of Ohio, and in June of the same year, he was appointed the first Representative to the United States Congress from the new State. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 163 Ohio was then entitled to but one Representative in Congress, and could not add to that number for ten years thereafter. During these years, Mr. Morrow represented the State. In 1813, he was sent to the United States Senate, and in 1822, was elected Governor of Ohio, almost unanimously, being re-elected in 1824. It was during his administration that work was begun on the Ohio Canal. Mr. Morrow received the national guest, La Fayette, with an earnest and touching emotion, which affected the emotions of the generous Frenchman more profoundly than any of the elaborate receptions which paved his way through America. On the 4th of July, 1839, Gov. Morrow was appointed to lay the corner stone of the new State capitol, at Columbus, and to deliver the address on this occasion. Again, in 1840, he was in the House of Representa- tives, filling the vacancy caused by the resignation of Hon. Thomas Corwin. He was elected for the following term also. He died at his own homestead, in Warren County, March 22, 1853. Allen Trimble was a native of Augusta County, Ya. The date of his birth was November 24, 1783. His ancestors were of Scotch-Irish origin, and were among the early settlers of Virginia. His father moved to Ohio in 1804, pur- chasing a tract of land in Highland County. His cabin was remarkably spa- cious, and elicited the admiration of his neighbors. He cleared six acres of land for an orchard, and brought the trees on horseback, from Kentucky. Be- fore this new home was completed, Allen, then a young man of twenty, took possession. This was in the year 1805. Four years thereafter, he occupied the position of Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas and Recorder of High- land County. He was serving in the latter capacity at the breaking out of the war of 1812. Naturally enthusiastic and patriotic, he engaged a competent person to perform his civil duties, while he went into active service as Colonel of a regiment he had summoned and enlisted. He was always eager to be in the front, and led his men with such valor that they were termed soldiers who did not know the art of flinching. His commanding General lavished praises upon him. In 1816, he was in the State Senate, representing Highland County. He occupied the same position for four terms, two years each. In 1818, he was Speaker of the Senate, over Gen. Robert Lucas. He remained in this office until elected to the United States Senate, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his brother, Col. William A. Trimble. In October, 1826, he was elected the seventh Governor of Ohio, by an astonishing majority. The united vote of his three competitors was but one-sixth of the vote polled. Gov. Trimble was an earnest Henry Clay Whig. In 1828, he was re-elected, although Jackson carried the State the following November. Gov. Trimble was married in 1806, to Miss Margaret McDowell. Three years thereafter, she died, leaving two children. He was united in marriage to Miss Rachel Woodrow, and they lived together sixty years, when he died, at home, in Hills- boro, Highland County, February 3, 1870. His wife survived him but a few months. 164 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Duncan McArthur, the eighth Governor of Ohio, was born in Dutchess County, N. Y., in 1772. While yet a child, his parents removed to the west- ern part of Pennsylvania, where they entered upon the hard life of pioneers. While there, young Duncan had the meager advantages of a backwoods school. His life was a general routine until his eighteenth year, when he enlisted under Gen. Harmer for the Indian campaign. His conduct and bravery won worthy laurels, and upon the death of the commander of his company, he was elected to that position, although the youngest man in the company. When his days of service had expired, he found employment at salt-making in Maysville, Ky., until he was engaged as chain-bearer in Gen. Massie’s survey of the Scioto Valley. At this time, Indian atrocities alarmed the settlers occasionally, and his reputation for bravery caused him to be appointed one of the three patrols of the Kentucky side of the Ohio, to give the alarm to scattered cabins in case of danger. This was during the summer of 1793. Gen. Massie again secured his services, this time as assistant surveyor. He was thus engaged for several years, during which time he assisted in platting Chillicothe. He purchased a large tract of land just north of town, and under his vigorous and practical management it became one of the finest estates of Ohio, which reputation it sustains at the present time. He amassed wealth rapidly, his investments always being judicious. In 1805, he was elected to the State Legislature. He was a Colonel of an Ohio regiment, and accompanied Gen. Hull to Detroit in 1813. At Hull’s surrender he was a prisoner, but released on parole, returned to Ohio in a state of indignation over his commander’s stupidity. Soon thereafter he was sent to Congress on the Democratic ticket. Soon there- after he was released from parole by exchange, and, greatly rejoiced, he resigned his seat, entered the army as a Brigadier General under Gen. Harri- son, and the following year succeeded him as commander of the Northwestern forces. At the termination of the war, he was immediately returned to the State Legislature. He occupied State offices until 1822, when he was again sent to Congress. Serving one term, he declined re-election. In 1830, he was elected Governor of Ohio. When his term expired, he decided to enjoy life as a citizen on his farm, “ Fruit Hill,” and lived there in contentment until 1840, when he died. Robert Lucas was another Virginian, having been born in 1781, in Jeffer- son County of that State. While a boy, his father liberated his slaves, moving to Chillicothe as one of the early settlers. He procured a proficient tutor for his children. Robert became an expert in mathematics and surveying. Before he reached his majority, he was employed as surveyor, earning liberal compen- sation. At the age of twenty-three, he was appointed Surveyor of Scioto County. At twenty-five, he was Justice of the Peace for Union Township, Scioto County. He married Miss Elizabeth Brown in 1810, who died two years thereafter, leaving a young daughter. In 1816, he married Miss Sum- ner. The same year he was elected a member of the Ohio Legislature, For HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 165 nineteen consecutive years he served in the House or Senate. In 1820 and 1828, he was chosen one of the Presidential electors of Ohio. In 1832, he was Chairman of the National Convention at Baltimore, which nom- inated Gen. Jackson as President of the United States. In 1832, he became Governor of Ohio, and was re-elected in 1834. He declined a third nomination, and was appointed by President Van Buren Territorial Governor of Iowa and Superintendent of Indian Affairs. On the 16th of August, 1838, he reached Burlington, the seat of government. He remained in Iowa until his death, in 1853. Joseph Vance, the tenth Governor of Ohio, was born in Washington County, Penn., March 21, 1781. He was of Scotch-Irish descent, and his father emigrated to the new Territory when Joseph was two years of age. He located on the southern bank of the Ohio, building a solid block house. This formed a stronghold for his neighbors in case of danger. In 1801, this pioneer decided to remove north of the Ohio River, and eventually settled in Urbana. Joseph had the primitive advantages of the common schools, and became pro- ficient in handling those useful implements — the plow, ax and rifle. The first money he earned he invested in a yoke of oxen. He obtained several barrels of salt, and set out on a speculative tour through the settlements. He traveled through a wilderness, over swamps, and surmounted serious difficulties. At night he built a huge fire to terrify the wolves and panthers, and laid down to sleep beside his oxen, frequently being obliged to stand guard to protect them from these ferocious creatures. Occasionally he found a stream so swol- len that necessarily he waited hours and even days in the tangled forest, before he could cross. He often suffered from hunger, yet he sturdily persevered and sold his salt, though a lad of only fifteen years. When he attained his major- ity, he married Miss Mary Lemen, of Urbana. At twenty-three, he was elected Captain of a rifle company, and frequently led his men to the front to fight the Indians prior to the war of 1812. During that year, he and his brother piloted Hull’s army through the dense forests to Fort Meigs. In 1817, with Samuel McCullough and Henry Van Meter, he made a contract to supply the Northwestern army with provisions. They drove their cattle and hogs many miles, dead weight being transported on sleds and in wagons. He engaged in mercantile business at Urbana and Fort Meigs — now Perrysburg. While thus employed, he was elected to the Legislature, and there remained four years. He then purchased a large tract of land on Blanchard's Fork, and laid out the town of Findlay. He was sent to Congress in 1821, and was a member of that body for fifteen years. In 1836, he was chosen Governor of Ohio. Again he was sent to Congress in 1842. While attending the Consti- tutional Convention in 1850, he was stricken with paralysis, and suffered extremely until 1852, when he died at his home in Urbana. Wilson Shannon was a native of Belmont County, Ohio. He was born during 1803. At the age of fifteen, he was sent to the university at Athens, 166 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. where he remained a year, and then changed to the Transylvania University, at Lexington, Ky. He continued his studies two years, then returning home |j and entering upon reading law. He completed his course at St. Clairsville, jj Belmont County, and was admitted to practice. He was engaged in the courts | of the county for eight years. In 1832, the Democrats nominated him to Con- J! gress, but he was not elected. He received the position of Prosecuting Attor- |j ney in 1834, in which position his abilities were so marked and brilliant that he was elected Governor by a majority of 3,600. He was re-nominated in | ! 1840, but Tom Corwin won the ticket. Two years thereafter, he was again nominated and elected. In 1843, he was appointed Minister to Mexico, by President Tyler, and resigned the office of Governor. When Texas was jj admitted as a State, Mexico renounced all diplomatic relations with the United j States. Mr. Shannon returned home, and resumed the practice of law. He J; was sent to Congress in 1852. President Pierce conferred upon him the posi- ■ tion of Territorial Governor of Kansas, which duty he did not perform satis- factorily, and was superseded after fourteen months of service. He settled in Lecompton, Kan., and there practiced law until his death, which occurred in 1877. Thomas Corwin, the twelfth Governor of Ohio, was born in Bourbon County, Ky., July 29, 1794. His father settled at Lebanon in 1798. The country was crude, and advantages meager. When Thomas was seventeen years of age, the war of 1812 was inaugurated, and this young man was engaged to drive a wagon through the wilderness, loaded with provisions, to j; Gen. Harrison’s headquarters. In 1816, he began the study of law, and achieved knowledge so rapidly that in 1817 he passed examination and was admitted to practice. He was elected Prosecuting Attorney of his county, in 1818, which position he held until 1830. He was elected to the Legislature of Ohio in 1822. Again, in 1829, he was a member of the same body. He was sent to Congress in 1830, and continued to be re-elected for the space of ten years. He became Governor of Ohio in 1840. In 1845, he was elected to the United States Senate, where he remained until called to the cabinet of Mr. Fillmore, as Secretary of the Treasury. He was again sent to Congress in 1858, and re-elected in 1860. He was appointed Minister to Mexico, by Pres- ident Lincoln. After his return, he practiced law in Washington, D. C., where he died in 1866. Mordecai Bartley was born in 1783, in Fayette County, Penn. There he remained, on his father’s farm, until he was twenty-one years of age. He mar- ried Miss Wells in 1804, and removed to Jefferson County, Ohio, where he purchased a farm, near Cross Creek. At the opening of the war of 1812, he enlisted in a company, and was elected its Captain. He entered the field under Harrison. At the close of the war, he removed to Richland County, and opened a clearing and set up a cabin, a short distance from Mansfield. He remained on his farm twenty years, then removing to Mansfield, entered the mercantile HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 167 business. In 1817, he was elected to the State Senate. He was sent to Con- gress in 1823, and served four terms. In 1844, he became Governor of Ohio, on the Whig ticket. He declined a re-nomination, preferring to retire to his home in Mansfield, where he died in 1870. William Bebb, the fourteenth Governor, was from Hamilton County, Ohio. He was born in 1804. His early instructions were limited, but thorough. He opened a school himself, when he was twenty years of age, at North Bend, residing in the house of Gen. Harrison. Ide remained thus employed a year, during which time he married Shuck. He very soon began the study of law, continuing his school. He was successful in his undertakings, and many pupils were sent him from the best families in Cincinnati. In 1831, he was admitted to practice, and opened an office in Hamilton, Butler County, remaining thus engaged for fourteen years. In 1845, he was elected Governor of Ohio. In 1847, he purchased 5,000 acres of land in the Rock River country, 111., and removed there three years later. On the inauguration of President Lincoln, he was appointed Pension Examiner, at Washington, and remained in that position until 1866, when he returned to his Illinois farm. He died at Rockford, 111., in 1873. Seabury Ford, the fifteenth Governor of Ohio, was born in the year 1802, at Cheshire, Conn. His parents settled in Burton Township. He attended the common schools, prepared for college at an academy in Burton, and entered Yale College, in 1821, graduating in 1825. He then began the study of law, in the law office of Samuel W. Phelps, of Painesville, completing his course with Judge Hitchcock. He began practice in 1827, in Burton. He married Miss Harriet E. Cook, of Burton, in 1828. He was elected by the Whigs to the Legislature, in 1835, and served six sessions, during one of which he was Speaker of the House. He entered the State Senate in 1841, and there remained until 1844, when he was again elected Representative. In 1846, he was appointed to the Senate, and in 1848, he became Governor of Ohio. On the first Sunday after his retirement, he was stricken with paralysis, from which he never recovered. He died at his home in Burton in 1855. Reuben Wood, the sixteenth Governor, was a Vermonter. Born in 1792, in Middleton, Rutland County, he was a sturdy son of the Green Mountain State. He was a thorough scholar, and obtained a classical education in Upper Canada. In 1812, he was drafted by the Canadian authorities to serve against the Americans, but being determined not to oppose his own land, he escaped one stormy night, accompanied by Bill Johnson, who was afterward an Ameri- can spy. In a birchbark canoe they attempted to cross Lake Ontario. A heavy storm of wind and rain set in. The night was intensely dark, and they were in great danger. They fortunately found refuge on a small island, where they were storm-bound three days, suffering from hunger and exposure. They reached Sacket’s Harbor at last, in a deplorable condition. Here they were arrested as spies by the patrol boats of the American fleet. They were prisoners 168 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. four days, when an uncle of Mr. Wood’s, residing not far distant, came to their rescue, vouched for their loyalty, and they were released. Mr. Wood then went to Woodville, N. Y., where he raised a company, of which he was elected Captain. They marched to the northern frontier. The battles of Plattsburg and Lake Champlain were fought, the enemy defeated, and the com- pany returned to Woodville and was disbanded. Young Wood then entered the law office of Gen. Jonas Clark, at Middle- bury, Yt. He was married in 1816, and two years later, settled in Cleveland, Ohio. When he first established himself in the village, he possessed his wife, || infant daughter and a silver quarter of a dollar. He was elected to the State Senate in 1825, and filled the office three consecutive terms. He was appointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He was promoted to the Bench of the Supreme Court, serving there fourteen years, the latter portion of the term as Chief Justice. He was termed the “Cayuga Chief,” from his tall form and !j courtly bearing. He was elected Governor in 1850, by a majority of 11,000. The new constitution, which went into effect in March, 1851, vacated the office j of Governor, and he was re-elected by a majority of 26,000. The Democrats holding a national convention in Baltimore in 1852, party division caused fifty unavailing votes. The Virginia delegation offered the entire vote to Gov. Wood, if Ohio would bring him forward. The opposition of one man pre- vented this. The offer was accepted by New Hampshire, and Frank Pierce became President. Mr. Wood was appointed Consul to Valparaiso, South America, and resigned his office of Governor. He resigned his consulship and returned to his fine farm near Cleveland, called “Evergreen Place.” He expected to address a Union meeting on the 5th of October, 1864, but on the 1st he died, mourned by all who knew him. William Medill, the seventeenth Governor, was born in New Castle County, Del., in 1801. He was a graduate of Delaware College in 1825. He began the study of law under Judge Black, of New Castle, and was admitted to the bar in 1832. He removed to Lancaster, Ohio, in 1830. He was elected Rep- resentative from Fairfield County in 1835. He was elected to Congress in 1838, and was re-elected in 1840. He was appointed Assistant Postmaster General by President Polk. During the same year, he was appointed Com- missioner of Indian Affairs. In 1851, he was elected Lieutenant Governor, and, in 1853, he became Governor. He occupied the position of First Comptroller of the United States Treasury in 1857, under President Buchanan, retaining the office until 1861, when he retired from public life. His death occurred in 1865. Salmon P. Chase was a native of Cornish, N. II. He was born in 1803. He entered Dartmouth College in 1822, graduating in 1826. He w r as there- after successful in establishing a classical school in Washington, but finan- cially it did not succeed. He continued to teach the sons of Henry Clay, William Wirt and S. L. Southard, at the same time reading law when not busy HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 171 as tutor. He was admitted to practice in 1829, and opened a law office in Cin- cinnati. He succeeded but moderately, and during his leisure hours prepared a new edition of the “Statutes of Ohio.” He added annotations and a well- written sketch of the early history of the State. This was a thorough success, and gave the earnest worker popularity and a stepping-stone for the future. He was solicitor for the banks of the United States in 1834, and soon there- after, for the city banks. He achieved considerable distinction in 1837, in the case of a colored woman brought into the State by her master, and escaping his possession. He was thus brought out as an Abolitionist, which was further sustained by his defense of James G. Birney, who had suffered indictment for harboring a fugitive slave. In 1846, associated with William H. Seward, he defended Yan Zandt before the Supreme Court of the United States. His thrilling denunciations and startling conjectures alarmed the slaveholding States, and subsequently led to the enactment of the fugitive-slave law of 1850. Mr. Chase was a member of the United States Senate in 1849, through the coalition of the Democrats and Free-Soilers. In 1855, he was elected Gover- nor of Ohio by the opponents of Pierce’s administration. He was re-elected in 1859. President Lincoln, in 1861, tendered him the position of Secretary of the Treasury. To his ability and official management we are indebted for the present national bank system. In 1864, he was appointed Chief Justice of the United States. He died in the city of New York in 1873, after a useful career. William Dennison was born in Cincinnati in 1815. He gained an educa- tion at Miami University, graduating in 1835. He began the study of law in the office of the father of George IT. Pendleton, and was qualified and admitted to the bar in 1840. The same year, he married a daughter of William Neil, of Columbus. The Whigs of the Franklin and Delaware District sent him to the State Senate, in 1848. He was President of the Exchange Bank in Cin- cinnati, in 1852, and was also President of Columbus & Xenia Bailway. He was elected the nineteenth Governor of Ohio in 1859. By his promptness and activity at the beginning of the rebellion, Ohio was placed in the front rank of loyalty. At the beginning of Lincoln’s second term, he was appointed Post- master General, retiring upon the accession of Johnson. He then made his home at Columbus. David Tod, the twentieth Governor of Ohio, was born at Youngstown, Ohio, in 1805. His education was principally obtained through his own exertions. He set about the study of law most vigorously, and was admitted to practice in 1827. He soon acquired popularity through his ability, and consequently was financially successful. He purchased the Briar Hill homestead. Under Jack- | son’s administration, he was Postmaster at Warren, and held the position until 1838, when he was elected State Senator by the Whigs of Trumbull District, by the Democrats. In 1844, he retired to Briar Hill, and opened the Briar Hill Coal Mines. He was a pioneer in the coal business of Ohio. In the Cleveland 172 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. & Mahoning Railroad, he was largely interested, and was its President, after the death of Mr. Perkins. He was nominated, in 1844, for Governor, by the Dem- ocrats, but was defeated. In 1847, he went to Brazil as Minister, where he resided for four and a half years. The Emperor presented him with a special commendation to the President, as a testimonial of his esteem. He was also the recipient of an elegant silver tray, as a memorial from the resident citizens of Rio Janeiro. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention, which met at Charleston in 1860. He was Vice President of this Convention. He was an earnest advocate for Stephen A. Douglas. When the Southern members withdrew, the President, Caleb Cushing, going with them, the convention adjourned to Baltimore, when Mr. Tod assumed the chair and Douglas was nom- inated. He was an earnest worker in the cause, but not disheartened by its defeat. When Fort Sumter was fired upon, he was one of the most vigorous prosecutors of the war, not relaxing his active earnestness until its close. He donated full uniforms to Company B, of the Nineteenth Regiment, and contrib- uted largely to the war fund of his township. Fifty-five thousand majority elected him Governor in 1861. His term was burdened with war duties, and he carried them so bravely as Governor that the President said of him : “ Governor Tod of Ohio aids me more and troubles me less than any other Gov- ernor.” His death occurred at Briar Hill during the year 1868. John Brough was a native of Marietta, Ohio. He was born in 1811. The death of his father left him in precarious circumstances, which may have been a discipline for future usefulness. He entered a printing office, at the age of fourteen, in Marietta, and after serving a few months, began his studies in the Ohio Uni- versity, setting type mornings and evenings, to earn sufficient for support. He occupied the leading position in classes, and' at the same time excelled as a type-setter. He was also admired for his athletic feats in field amusements. He completed his studies and began reading law, which pursuit was interrupted by an opportunity to edit a paper in Petersburg, Ya. He returned to Marietta in 1831, and became editor and proprietor of a leading Democratic newspaper — the Washington County Republican. He achieved distinction rapidly, and in 1833, sold his interest, for the purpose of entering a more extended field of journalism. He purchased the Ohio Eagle , at Lancaster, and as its editor, held a deep influence over local and State politics. He occupied the position of Clerk of the Ohio Senate, between the years 1835 and 1838, and relinquished his paper. He then represented the counties of Fairfield and Hocking in the Leg- islature. He was then appointed Auditor of State by the General Assembly, in which position he served six years. He then purchased the Phoenix news- paper in Cincinnati, changed its name to the Enquirer , placing it in the care of his brother, Charles, while he opened a law office in the city. His editorials in the Enquirer , and his activity in political affairs, were brilliant and strong. He retired from politics in 1848, sold a half-interest in the Enquirer and carried on a prosperous business, but was brought forward again by leaders of both HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 173 political parties in 1863, through the Yallandigham contest, and was elected Governor the same year, by a majority of 101,099 votes in a total of 471,643. He was three times married. His death occurred in 1865 — Charles Anderson serving out his term. Jacob Dolson Cox, the twenty-second Governor, was born in 1828, in Mon- treal, Canada, where his parents were temporarily. He became a student of Oberlin College, Ohio, in 1846, graduating in 1851, and beginning the practice of law in Warren in 1852. He was a member of the State Senate in 1859, from the Trumbull and Mahoning Districts. He was termed a radical. He was a commissioned Brigadier General of Ohio in 1861, and, in 1862, was pro- moted to Major General for gallantry in battle. While in the service he was nominated for Governor, and took that position in 1865. He was a member of Grant’s Cabinet as Secretary of the Interior, but resigned. He went to Con- gress in 1875, from the Toledo District. His home is in Cincinnati. Rutherford B. Hayes, now the nineteenth President of the United States, the twenty-third Governor of Ohio, was born at Delaware, Ohio, in 1822. He was a graduate of Kenyon College in 1842. He began the study of law, and, in 1843, pursued that course in the Cambridge University, graduating in 1845. He began his practice at Fremont. He was married to Miss Lucy Webb in 1852, in Cincinnati. He was Major of the Twenty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry in 1861, and in 1862, was promoted to Colonel on account of bravery in the field, and eventually became Major General. In 1864, he was elected to Congress, and retired from the service. He remained in Congress two terms, and was Governor of Ohio in 1867, being re-elected in 1869. He filled this office a third term, being re-elected in 1875. Edward F. Noyes was born in Haverhill, Mass., in 1832. While a lad of fourteen, he entered the office of the Morning Star , published at Dover, N. H., in order to learn the business of printing. At the age of eighteen, he entered the academy at Kingston, N. H. He prepared for college, and entered Dartmouth in 1853, graduating with high honors in 1857. He had begun the study of law, and continued the course in the Cincinnati Law School, and began to practice in 1858. He was an enthusiast at the opening of the rebellion and was interested in raising the Twentieth Regiment, of which he was made Major. He was promoted to Colonel in 1862. At the conflict at Ruff’s Mills, in Georgia, in 1864, he was so unfortunate as to lose a leg. At the time, amputa- tion was necessary, but was unskillfully performed. He was brought to Cincin- nati, and the operation was repeated, which nearly cost him his life. He reported three months later, to Gen. Hooker for duty, on crutches. He was assigned to command of Camp Dennison. He was promoted to the full rank of Brigadier General, and while in discharge of his duty at that place, he was elected City Solicitor of Cincinnati. He occupied the position until 1871, when he was elected Governor, by a majority of 20,000. He went to France in 1877, as Minister, appointed by President Hayes. 174 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. William Allen, the twenty-fifth Governor of Ohio, was born in 1807, in Chowan County, N. C. While an infant, he was left an orphan, and his sister superintended his education. He was placed in a private school in Lynchburg, Va., at the age of fourteen. Two years later, he joined his sister and family, in Chillicothe, and attended the academy a year, when he entered the law office of Edward King, arid began a course of study. In his seventeenth year, he began practice, and through his talent speedily acquired fame and popu- larity. Before he was twenty-five, he was sent to Congress by a strong Whig district. He was elected United States Senator in 1887, there remaining until 1849. In 1845, he married Effie McArthur, who died 60 on after the birth of their daughter. In 1873, he was elected Governor. His adminis- tration gave general satisfaction. He died, at his home at “ Fruit Hill,” in 1879. R. M. Bishop, the twenty-sixth Governor of Ohio, was born Novem- ber 4, 1812, in Fleming County, Ky. He began the vocation of mer- chant, and for several years devoted himself to that business in his native State. In 1848, he engaged in the wholesale grocery business, in Cincinnati, Ilis three sons became partners, under the firm name of R. M. Bishop & Sons. The sales of this house frequently exceeded $5,000,000 per annum. Mr. Bishop was a member of the Council of Cincinnati, and in 1859 was its Mayor, holding that office until 1861. In 1860, the Legislatures of Indiana and Ten- nessee visited Ohio, to counsel each other to stand by the Constitution and the flag. At the reception given at Pike’s Opera House, Mayor Bishop delivered an eloquent address, which elicited admiration and praises. During the same j year, as Mayor, he received the Prince of Wales in the most cordial manner, a national credit as a mark of respect to a distinguished foreign guest. In 1877, he was elected Governor of Ohio, by a large majority. Charles Foster, the present and twenty-seventh Governor of Ohio, was born in Seneca County, Ohio, April 12, 1828. He was educated at the common schools and the academy at Norwalk, Ohio. Engaged in mercantile and bank- ing business, and never held any public office until he was elected to the Forty- , second Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-third Congress, and again to the Forty-fourth Congress, as a Republican. In 1879, he was nominated by the Republicans and elected Governor of the State. In reviewing these slight sketches of the Governors of this grand Western State, one is impressed with the active relationship they have all sustained, with credit, with national measures. Their services have been efficient, earnest and patriotic, like the State they have represented and led. ANCIENT WORKS. Ohio has furnished a prolific field for antiquarians and those interested in scientific explorations, either for their own amusement and knowledge, or for the records of “ facts and formations.” HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 175 It is well known that the “ Mound Builders ” had a wide sweep through this continent, but absolute facts regarding their era have been most difficult to obtain. Numerous theories and suppositions have been advanced, yet they are emphatic evidences that they have traced the origin and time of this primeval race. However, they have left their works behind them, and no exercise of faith is necessary to have confidence in that part of the story. That these works are of human origin is self-evident. Temples and military works have been found which required a considerable degree of scientific skill on the part of those early architects and builders. Evidently the Indians had no knowledge of these works of predecessors, which differed in all respects from those of the red men. An ancient cemetery has been found, covering an area of four acres, which had evidently been laid out into lots, from north to south. Nearly 3,000 graves have been discovered, containing bones which at some time must have constituted the framework of © veritable giants, while others are of no unusual size. In 1815, a jaw-bone was exhumed, containing an artificial tooth of silver. Mounds and fortifications are plentiful in Athens County, some of them being of solid stone. One, differing in the quality of stone from the others, is supposed to be a dam across the Hocking. Over a thousand pieces of stone were used in its construction. Copper rings, bracelets and ornaments are numerous. It is also evident that these people possessed the knowledge of hardening copper and giving it an edge equal to our steel of to-day. In the branch formed by a branch of the Licking River and Raccoon Creek, in Licking County, ancient works extend over an area of several miles. Again, three miles northwest of this locality, near the road between Newark and Gran- ville, another field of these relics may be found. On the summit of a high hill is a fortification, formed to represent an alligator. The head and neck includes 32 feet ; the length of the body is 73 feet ; the tail was 105 feet ; from the termini of the fore feet, over the shoulders, the width is 100 feet ; from the termini of the hind feet, over the hips, is 92 feet ; its highest point is 7 feet. It is composed of clay, which must have been conveyed hither, as it is not similar to the clay found in the vicinity. Near Miamisburg, Montgomery County, are other specimens. Near the village is a mound, equaled in size by very few of these antiquities. It meas- ures 800 feet around the base, and rises to a height of sixty-seven feet. Others are found in Miami County, while at Circleville, Pickaway County, no traces remain. Two forts have been discovered, one forming an exact square, and the other describing a circle. The square is flanked by two walls, on all sides, these being divided by a deep ditch. The circle has one wall and no ditch. This is sixty -nine rods in diameter, its walls being twenty feet high. The square fort measures fifty-five rods across, with walls twelve feet high. Twelve gateways lead into the square fort, while the circle has but one, which led to the other, at 176 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. the point where the walls of the two came together. Before each of these entrances were mounds of earth, from four to five feet high and nearly forty feet in diameter. Evidently these were designed for defenses for the openings, in cases of emergency. A short distance from Piketon, the turnpike runs, for several hundred feet, between two parallel artificial walls of earth, fifteen feet high, and six rods apart. In Scioto County, on both sides of the Ohio, are extensive ancient works. “ Fort Ancient ” is near Lebanon in Warren County. Its direct measure- ment is a mile, but in tracing its angles, retreating and salient, its length would be nearly six miles. Its site is a level plain, 240 feet above the level of the river. The interior wall varies in height to conform with the nature of the ground without — ranging from 8 to 10 feet. On the plain it reaches 100 feet. This fort has 58 gateways, through one of which the State road runs, passing between two mounds 12 feet high. Northeast from these mounds, situated on the plain, are two roads, about a rod wide each, made upon an elevation about three feet high. They run parallel to each other about a quarter of a mile, when they each form a semicircle around a mound, joining in the circle. It is probable this was at some time a military defense, or, on the contrary, it may have been a general rendezvous for games and high holiday festivities. Near Marietta, are the celebrated Muskingum River works, being a half- mile from its juncture with the Ohio. They consist of mounds and walls of earth in circular and square forms, also tracing direct lines. The largest square fort covers an area of 40 acres, and is inclosed by a wall of earth, 6 to 10 feet in height, and from 25 to 30 feet at its base. On each side are three gateways. The center gateways exceed the others in size, more especially on the side toward the Muskingum. From this outlet runs a covered means of egress, between two parallel walls of earth, 231 feet distant from each other, measuring from the centers. The walls in the interior are 21 feet high at the most elevated points, measuring 42 feet at the base, grading on the exte- rior to about five feet in heigth. This passage-way is 360 feet in length, lead- ing to the low grounds, which, at the period of its construction, probably reached the river. At the northwest corner, within the inclosure, is a plateau 188 feet long, 132 feet broad and 9 feet high. Its sides are perpendicular and its surface level. At the center of each side is a graded pathway leading to the top, six feet wide. Another elevated square is near the south wall, 150x120 feet square, and 8 feet high, similar to the other, with the exception of the graded walk. Outside and next the wall to ascend to the top, it has central hollow ways, 10 feet wide, leading 20 feet toward the center, then arising with a gradual slope to the top. A third elevated square is situated at the southeast corner, 108x54 feet square, with ascents at the ends. This is neither as high or as perfect as the others. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 177 Another ancient work is found to the southeast, covering an area of 20 acres with a gateway in the center of each side, and others at the corners — each of these having the mound defense. On the outside of the smaller fort, a mound resembling a sugar loaf was formed in the shape of a circle 115 feet in diameter, its height being 30 feet. A ditch surrounds it, 15 feet wide and 4 feet deep. These earthworks have contributed greatly to the satisfactory results of scientific researches. Their builders were evidently composed of large bands that have succumbed to the advance of enlightened humanity. The relics found consists of ornaments, utensils and implements of war. The bones left in the numerous graves convey an idea of a stalwart, vigorous people, and the conquests which swept them away from the face of the country must have been fierce and cruel. Other mounds and fortifications are found in different parts of the State, of which our limited space will not permit a description. Many sculptured rocks are found, and others with plainly discernible tracery in emblematical designs upon their surface. The rock on which the inscriptions occur is the grindstone grit of the Ohio exports — a stratum found in Northern Ohio, Arrow-points of flint or chert have been frequently found. From all investigations, it is evident that an extensive flint bed existed in Lick- ing County, near Newark. The old pits can now be recognized. They extended over a hundred acres. They are partially filled with water, and sur- rounded by piles of broken and rejected fragments. The flint is a grayish- white, with cavities of a brilliant quartz crystal. Evidently these stones were chipped into shape and the material sorted on the ground. Only clear, homo- genous pieces can be wrought into arrow-heads and spear-points. Flint chips extend over many acres of ground in this vicinity. Flint beds are also found in Stark and Tuscarawas Counties. In color it varies, being red, white, black and mottled. The black is found in Coshocton County. SOME GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS. Ohio, as a State, is renowned as an agricultural section. Its variety, quality and quantity of productions cannot be surpassed by any State in the Union. Its commercial importance ranks proudly in the galaxy of opulent and industrious States composing this Union. Her natural resources are prolific, and all improve- ments which could be instituted by the ingenuity of mankind have been added. From a quarter to a third of its area is hilly and broken. About the head- waters of the Muskingum and Scioto, and between the Scioto and the two Miami Rivers, are wide prairies ; some of them are elevated and dry, with fertile soil, although they are frequently termed “barrens.” In other parts, they are low and marshy, producing coarse, rank grass, which grows to a height of five feet in some places. The State is most fortunate in timber wealth, having large quantities of black walnut, oak of different varieties, maple, hickory, birch, several kinds of 178 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. beech, poplar, sycamore, papaw, several kinds of ash, cherry, whitewood and buckeye. The summers are usually warm, and the winters are mild, considering the latitude of the State. Near Lake Erie, the winters are severe, corresponding with sections in a line with that locality. Snow falls in sufficient quantities in the northern part to afford several weeks of fine sleighing. In the southern portion, the snowstorms are not frequent, and the fall rarely remains long on the ground. The climate is generally healthy, with the exception of small tracts lying near the marshes and stagnant waters. The Ohio River washes the southern border of the State, and is navigable for steamboats of a large size, the entire length of its course. From Pitts- burgh to its mouth, measuring it meanderings, it is 908 miles long. Its current is gentle, having no falls except at Louisville, Ky., where the descent is twenty- two and a half feet in two miles. A canal obviates this obstruction. The Muskingum is the largest river that flows entirely within the State. It is formed by the junction of the Tuscarawas and Walhonding Rivers, and enters the Ohio at Marietta One hundred miles of its length is navigable. The Scioto is the second river in magnitude, is about 200 miles long, and flows into the Ohio at Portsmouth. It affords navigation 130 miles of its length. The Great Miami is a rapid river, in the western part of the State, and is 100 miles long. The Little Miami is seventy miles in length, and enters the Ohio seven miles from Cincinnati. The Maumee rises in Indiana, flows through the northwestern part of the State, and enters Lake Erie at Maumee Bay. It affords navigation as far as Perrysburg, eighteen miles from the lake, and above the rapids, it is again nav- igable. The Sandusky rises in the northern part of the State, is eighty miles long, and flows into Lake Erie, via Sandusky Bay. Lake Erie washes 150 miles of the northern boundary. The State has sev- eral fine harbors, the Maumee and Sandusky Bays being the largest. W e have, in tracing the record of the earlier counties, given the educational inter- ests as exemplified by different institutions. We have also given the canal system of the State, in previous pages. The Governor is elected every two years, by the people. The Senators are chosen biennially, and are apportioned according to the male population over twenty-one years of age. The Judges of the Supreme and other courts are elected by the joint ballot of the Legislature, for the term of seven years. During the early settlement of Ohio, perfect social equality existed among the settlers. The line of demarkation that was drawn was a separation of the good from the bad. Log-rollings and cabin-raisings were mutual affairs. Their sport usually consisted of shooting, rowing and hunting. Hunting shirts and buckskin pants were in the fashion, while the women dressed in coarse material, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 179 woven by their own hands. A common American cotton check was con- sidered a magnificent addition to one’s toilet. In those times, however, the material was $1 per yard, instead of the shilling of to-day. But five yards was then a large “pattern,” instead of the twenty-five of 1880. In cooking utensils, the pot, pan and frying-pan constituted an elegant outfit. A few plain dishes were added for table use. Stools and benches were the rule, although a few wealthy families indulged in splint-bottom chairs. The cabin floors were rough, and in many cases the green sward formed the carpet. Goods were very expensive, and flour was considered a great luxury. Goods were brought by horses and mules from Detroit, or by wagon from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, and then down the Ohio. Coarse calicoes were SI per yard ; tea $2 to $3 per pound; coffee 75 cents; whisky, from $1 to $2 per gallon, and salt, $5 to $6 per barrel. In those towns where Indian trade constituted a desirable interest, a bottle was set at each end of the counter — a gratuitous offering to their red friends. OUTLINE GEOLOGY OF OHIO. Should we group the rocks of Ohio, according to their lithological characters, we should give five distinct divisions. They are marked by difference in appear- ance, hardness, color and composition : 1 — Limestone. 2 — Black shale. 3 — Fine-grained sandstone. 4— Conglomerate. 5 — Coal series. They are all stratified and sedimentary. They are nearly horizontal. The lowest one visible, in a physical as well as a geological sense, is “blue lime- stone.” The bed of the Ohio River near Cincinnati is 133 feet below the level of Lake Erie. The strata incline in all directions from the southwestern angle of the State. In Scioto County may be seen the outcropping edges of all these rocks. They sink at this point in the direction south 80J° east ; easterly at the rate of 37^- feet per mile. The cliff' limestone, the upper stratum of the lime- stone deposit, is 600 feet above the river at Cincinnati ; at West Union, in Adams County, it is only 350 feet above the same level. The finely grained sandstone found on the summit of the hills east of Brush Creek and west of the Scioto sinks to the base of the hills, and appears beneath the conglomerate, near the Little Scioto. Although the rock formations are the same in all parts of the State, in the same order, their thickness, mass and dip, are quite different. Chillicothe, Reynoldsburg, Mansfield, Newburg, Waverly and Rockville, are situated near the western border of the “fine-grained limestone.” Its outcrop forms a continuous and crooked line from the Ohio River to Lake Erie. In the southwest portion of the State is the “blue limestone,” occupying a circular 180 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. space from West Union via Dayton, to the State line. The conglomerate is to the east of the given towns, bending around from Cuyahoga Falls to Burton, in Geauga County, and then eastward into Pennsylvania. Near this outcrop are the coal-bearing rocks which occupy the east and southeastern portions of Ohio. From Rockville to Chillicothe, the course is north, about 10° east, and nearly corresponds with the line of outcrop of the fine-grained sandstone for an equal distance. The dip at Rockville, given by Charles Whittlesey, is 80J°, almost at a right angle, and at the rate of 37 feet per mile. At Chillicothe, the other end of the line, the general dip is south 70° east, 30 feet to the mile, the line curving eastward and the dip line to the southward. This is the universal law. The northern boundary of the great coal fields passes through Meadville, in Pennsylvania, and turning south arrives at Portage Summit, on the summit of the Alleghanies, 2,500 feet above the ocean level. It then plunges rapidly to the westward. From the Alleghanies to the southwest, through Pennsylvania, Virginia and Tennessee, sweeps this great coal basin. Much of the county of Medina is conglomerate upon the surface, but the streams, especially the South Branch of the Rocky River, set through this sur- face stratum, and reach the fine-grained sandstone. This is the case with Rocky, Chagrin, Cuyahoga and Grand Rivers — also Conneaut and Ashtabula Creeks. This sandstone and the shale extend up the narrow valleys of these streams and their tributaries. Between these strata is a mass of coarse-grained sandstone, without pebbles, which furnishes the grindstones for which Ohio is noted. In Lorain County, the coarse sandstone grit nearly displaces the fine- grained sandstone and red shale, thickening at Elyria to the black shale. South of this point, the grindstone grit, red shale and ash-colored shale vary in thick- ness. The town of Chillicothe, the village of Newburg, and a point in the west line of Crawford County, are all situated on the “black shale.” . Dr. Locke gives the dip, at Montgomery and Miami Counties, at north 14°, east, six feet to the mile ; at Columbus, Whitelesey gives it, 81° 52' east, 22j% feet to the mile. The fine-grained sandstone at Newburg is not over eighty feet in thickness ; at Jacktown and Reynoldsburg, 500 ; at Waverly 250 to 300 feet, and at Brush Creek, Adams County, 343 feet. The black shale is 251 feet thick at Brush Creek ; at Alum Creek, 250 to 300 feet thick ; in Craw- ford County, about 250 feet thick. The conglomerate in Jackson County is 200 feet thick ; at Cuyahoga Falls, 100 to 120 feet ; at Burton, Geauga County, 300 feet. The great limestone formation is divided into several numbers. At Cincinnati, at the bed of the river, there is : 1 — A blue limestone and slaty marlite. 2 — Dun-colored marl and layers of lime rock. 3 — Blue marl and layers of blue limestone. 4 — Marl and bands of limestone, with immense numbers of shells at the surface. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 181 In Adams County, the detailed section is thus : 1 — Blue limestone and marl. 2 — Blue marl. 3 — Flinty limestone. 4 — Blue marl. 5 — Cliff limestone. The coal-fields of Ohio are composed of alternate beds of coarse-grained sandstone, clay shales, layers of ironstone, thin beds of limestone and numer- ous strata of coal. The coal region abounds in iron. From Jacktown to Con- cord, in Muskingum County, there are eight beds of coal, and seven strata of limestone. The distance between these two points is forty-two miles. From Freedom, in Portage County, to Poland, in Trumbull County, a distance of thirty-five miles, there are five distinct strata. Among them are distributed thin beds of limestone, and many beds of iron ore. The greater mass of coal and iron measures is composed of sandstone and shale. The beds of sandstone are from ten to twenty or eighty feet thick. Of shale, five to fifty feet thick. The strata of coal and iron are comparatively thin. A stratum of coal three feet thick can be worked to advantage. One four feet thick is called a good mine, few of them averaging five. Coal strata are found from six to ten and eleven feet. There are four beds of coal, and three of limestone, in Lawrence and Scioto Counties. There are also eight beds of ore, and new ones are con- stantly being discovered. The ore is from four to twelve inches thick, occasion- ally being two feet. The calcareous ore rests upon the second bed of limestone, from the bottom, and is very rich. The most prominent fossils are trees, plants and stems of the coal-bearing rocks, shells and corals and crustaceae of the limestone, and the timber, leaves and dirt-beds of the “ drift ” — the earthy covering of the rocks, which varies from nothing to 200 feet. Bowlders, or “ lost rocks,” are strewn over the State. They are evidently transported from some remote section, being fragments of primitive rock, granite, gneiss and hornblende rock, which do not exist in Ohio, nor within 400 miles of the State, in any direction. In the Lake Supe- rior region we find similar specimens. The superficial deposits of Ohio are arranged into four geological formations : 1 — The ancient drift, resting upon the rocks of the State. 2 — The Lake Erie marl and sand deposits. 3 — The drift occupying the valleys of large streams, such as the Great Miami, the Ohio and Scioto. 4 — The bowlders. The ancient drift of Ohio is meager in shell deposits. It is not, therefore, decided whether it be of salt-water origin or fresh water. © It has, at the bottom, blue clay, with gravel-stones of primitive or sedimen- tary rocks, containing carbonate of lime. The yellow clay is found second. Above that, sand and gravel, less stratified, containing more pebbles of the 182 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. sedimentary rocks, such as limestone and stone, iron ore, coal and shale. The lower layer contains logs, trees, leaves, sticks and vines. The Lake Erie section, or “ Lake Erie deposits,” may be classed in the following order : 1 — From the lake level upward, fine, blue, marly sand — forty-five to sixty feet. 2 — Coarse, gray, water-washed sand — ten to twenty feet. 3 — Coarse sand and gravel, not well stratified, to surface — twenty to fifty feet. Stratum first dissolves in water. It contains carbonate of lime, magnesia, iron, alumina, silex, sulphur, and some decomposed leaves, plants and sticks. Some pebbles are found. In contact with the water, quicksand is formed. The Hickory Plains, at the forks of the Great Miami and White Water, and also between Kilgore’s Mill and New Richmond, are the results of heavy dilu- vial currents. In presenting these formations of the State, we have quoted from the experi- ence and conclusions of Charles Whittlesey, eminent as a geologist, and who was a member of the Ohio Geological Corps. OHIO’S RANK DURING THE WAR. The patriotism of this State has been stanch, unswerving and bold, ever since a first settlement laid its corner-stone in the great Western wilder- ness. Its decisive measures, its earnest action, its noble constancy, have earned the laurels that designate it “a watchword for the nation.” In the year 1860, Ohio had a population of 2,343,739. Its contribution of soldiers to the great conflict that was soon to surge over the land in scarlet terror, was apportioned 310,000 men. In less than twenty -four hours after the President’s proclama- tion and call for troops, the Senate had matured and carried a bill through, appropriating $1,000,000 for the purpose of placing the State on a war footing. The influences of party sentiments were forgotten, and united, the State unfurled the flag of patriotism. Before the bombardment of old Fort Sumter has fairly ceased its echoes, twenty companies were offered the Governor for immediate service. When the surrender was verified, the excitement was tumultuous. Militia officers telegraphed their willingness to receive prompt orders, all over the State. The President of Kenyon College — President Andrews — tendered his services by enlisting in the ranks. Indeed, three months before the outbreak of the war, he had expressed his readiness to the Governor to engage in service should there be occasion. He was the first citi- zen to make this offer. The Cleveland Grays, the Rover Guards, the State Fencibles, the Dayton Light Guards, the Governor’s Guards, the Columbus Yidettes and the Guthrie Grays — the best drilled and celebrated militia in the State — telegraphed to Columbus for orders. Chillicothe, Portsmouth and Circleville offered money and troops. Canton, Xenia, Lebanon, Lancaster, Springfield, Cincinnati, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 183 Dayton, Cleveland, Toledo and other towns urged their assistance upon the State. Columbus began to look like a great army field. The troops were stationed wherever they could find quarters, and food in sufficient quantities was hard to procure. The Governor soon established a camp at Miamiville, convenient to Cincinnati. He intended to appoint Irvin McDowell, of the staff of Lieut. Gen. Scott, to the leading command, but the friends of Capt. McClellan became enthusiastic and appealed to the Governor, who decided to investigate his case. Being satisfied, he desired Capt. McClellan to come up to Columbus. But that officer was busy and sent Capt. Pope, of the regular army, in his stead. This gentleman did not suit Gov. Dennison. The friends of McClellan again set forth the high qualities of this officer, and Gov. Dennison sent an earnest request for an interview, which was granted, and resulted in the appointment of the officer as Major General of the Ohio militia. Directly thereafter, he received an invitation to take command of the Pennsylvania troops, but Ohio could not spare so valuable a leader. For three-years troops were soon called out, and their Generals were to be appointed by the President. Gov. Dennison advised at once with the War Department at Washington, and McClellan received his appointment as Major General in the regular army. Cincinnati and Louisville became alarmed lest Kentucky should espouse the Confederate cause, and those cities thus be left insecure against the inroads of a cruel foe. Four hundred and thirty-six miles of Ohio bordered Slave States. Kentucky and West Virginia were to be kept in check, but the Governor pro- claimed that not only should the border of Ohio be protected, but even beyond that would the State press the enemy. Marietta was garrisoned, and other river points rendered impregnable. On the 20th of May, 1861, official dispatches affirmed that troops were approaching Wheeling under the proclamation of Letcher. Their intention was to route the convention at Wheeling. Military orders were instantly given. Col. Steedman and his troops crossed at Marietta and crushed the disturbance at Parkersburg — swept into the country along the railroad, built bridges, etc. Col. Irvine crossed at Wheeling and united with a regiment of loyal Virginians. At the juncture of the two tracks at Grafton, the columns met, but the rebels had retreated in mad haste. The loyal troops followed, and, at Philippi, fought the first little skirmish of the war. The great railway lines were secured, and the Wheeling convention protected, and West Virginia partially secured for the Union. After preliminary arrangements, McClellan’s forces moved in two columns upon the enemy at Laurel Hill. One remained in front, under Gen. Morris, while the other, under his own command, pushed around to Huttonsville, in their rear. Gen. Morris carried his orders through promptly, but McClellan was late. Rosecrans was left with McClellan’s advance to fight the battle of Rich Mountain, unaided. Garnett being alarmed at the defeat of his outpost, retreated. McClellan was not in time to intercept him, but Morris continued 184 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. the chase. Steedman overtook the rear-guard of Garnett’s army at Carrick’s Ford, where a sharp skirmish ensued, Garnett himself falling. The scattered ! portions of the rebel army escaped, and West Virginia was again free from armed rebels — and was the gift of Ohio through her State militia to the nation ■ at the beginning of the war. At this period, Gen. McClellan was called to Washington. Gen. Rose- crans succeeded him, and the three-years troops left in the field after the dis- banding of the three-months men, barely sufficed to hold the country. He telegraphed Gov. Dennison to supply him immediately with re-enforcements, the request being made on the 8th of August. Already had the Confederate lead- j ers realized the loss they had sustained in Western Virginia, and had dispatched I their most valued General, Robert E. Lee, to regain the territory. Rosecrans again wrote: “If you, Governor of Indiana and Governor of Michigan, will lend your efforts to get me quickly 50,000 men, in addition to my present force, I think a blow can be struck which will save fighting the rifled-cannon batteries at Manassas. Lee is certainly at Cheat Mountain. Send all troops you can to Grafton.” Five days thereafter, all the available troops in the West were dispatched to Fremont, Mo., and the plans of Rosecrans were foiled. Heavy re-enforcements had been sent to the column in Kanawha Valley under Gen. Cox. He became alarmed, and telegraphed to Gov. Dennison. Rosecrans again appealed to Gov. Dennison, that he might be aided in march- ing across the country against Floyd and Wise to Cox’s relief, “I want to catch Floyd while Cox holds him in front.” The response was immediate and effective. He was enabled to employ twenty-three Ohio regiments in clearing his department from rebels, securing the country and guarding the exposed railroads. With this achievement, the t direct relation of the State administrations with the conduct and methods of campaigns terminated. The General Government had settled down to a sys- tem. Ohio was busy organizing and equipping regiments, caring for the sick and wounded, and sustaining her home strength. Gov. Dennison’s staff officers were tendered better positions in the national service. Camps Dennison and Chase, one at Cincinnati and the other at j Columbus, were controlled by the United States authorities. A laboratory was established at Columbus for the supply of ammunition. During the fall and early winter, the Ohio troops suffered in Western Virginia. The people of their native State responded with blankets, clothing and other supplies. In January, 1862, David A. Tod entered upon the duties of Governor. The first feature of his administration was to care for the wounded at home, sent from Pittsburg Landing. A regular system was inaugurated to supply stores and clothing to the suffering at home and in the field. Agencies were established, and the great and good work was found to be most efficacious in alleviating the wretchedness consequent upon fearful battles. A. B. Lyman HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 185 had charge of affairs in Cincinnati, and Royal Taylor held the same position in Louisville. J. C. Wetmore was stationed at Washington, F. W. Bingham at Memphis, Weston Flint at Cairo and St. Louis. Thus the care which Ohio extended over her troops at home and in the battle-field, furnished a practical example to other States, and was the foundation of that commendable system all over the Union. Stonewall Jackson's sudden advent in the valley created the greatest consternation lest the safety of the capital be jeopardized, and the War Department called for more troops. Gov. Tod immediately issued a proclamation, and the people, never shrinking, responded heartily. At Cleve- land a large meeting was held, and 250 men enlisted, including 27 out of 32 students attending the law school. Fire bells rang out the alarm at Zanesville, a meeting was convened at 10 in the morning, and by 3 in the afternoon, 300 men had enlisted. Court was adjoui'ned sine die , and the Judge announced that he and the lawyers were about to enter into military ranks. Only three unmarried men between the ages of eighteen and twenty-three were left in the town of Putnam. Five thousand volunteers reported at Camp Chase within two days after the proclamation. Again in June, the President called for troops, followed by yet another call. Under these calls, Ohio was to raise 74,000 men. The draft system was advised to hasten and facilitate filling regiments. It has always been a repul- sive measure. To save sections from this proceeding, enormous sums were offered to induce men to volunteer, and thus fill the quota. Counties, townships, towns and individuals, all made bids and urged the rapid enlistment of troops. The result was, that the regiments were filled rap- idly, but not in sufficient numbers to prevent the draft. Twenty thousand four hundred and twenty-seven men were yet lacking, and the draft was ordered, September 15. At the close of the year, Ohio was ahead of her calls. Late in the fall, the prospect was disheartening. The peninsula campaign had failed. The Army of Northern Virginia had been hurled back nearly to Washington. The rebels had invaded Maryland ; Cincinnati and Louisville were threatened, and the President had declared his intention to abolish slavery, as a war meas- ure. During the first part of 1862, artillery, stores and supplies were carried away mysteriously, from the Ohio border ; then little squads ventured over the river to plunder more openly, or to burn a bridge or two. The rebel bands came swooping down upon isolated supply trains, sending insolent roundabout messages regarding their next day’s intentions. Then came invasions of our lines near Nashville, capture of squads of guards within sight of camp, the seizure of Gallatin. After Mitchell had entered Northern Alabama, all manner of depre- dations were committed before his very eyes. These were attributed to John Morgan’s Kentucky cavalry. He and his men, by the middle of 1862, were as active and dangerous as Lee or Beauregard and their troops. Morgan was a native of Alabama, but had lived in Kentucky since boyhood. His father was large slave-owner, who lived in the center of the “Blue Grass Country.” His 186 HISTORY OF. THE STATE OF OHIO. life had been one of wild dissipation, adventure and recklessness, although in his own family he had the name of being most considerate. The men who fol- lowed him were accustomed to a dare-devil life. They formed and independent band, and dashed madly into the conflict, wherever and whenever inclination prompted. Ohio had just raised troops to send East, to assist in the overthrow of Stonewell Jackson. She had overcome her discouragements over failures, for the prospects were brightening. Beauregard had evacuated Corinth ; Mem- phis had fallen ; Buell was moving toward Chattanooga ; Mitchell’s troops held Northern Tennessee and Northern Alabama ; Kentucky was virtually in the keeping of the home guards and State military board. And now, here was Morgan, creating confusion in Kentucky by his furious raids ! On the 11th of July, the little post of Tompkinsville fell. He issued a call for the Kentuckians to rise in a body. He marched toward Lexington, and the southern border of Ohio was again in danger. Cincinnati was greatly excited. Aid was sent to Lexington and home guards were ready for duty. Morgan was not prominent for a day or so, but he was not idle. By the 9th of July, he held possession of Tompkinsville and Glasgow ; by the 11th, of Lebanon. On the 13th, he entered Harraldsburg ; Monday morning he was within fifteen miles of Frank- fort. He had marched nearly 400 miles in eight days. Going on, toward Lexington, he captured the telegraph operator at Midway, and his messages also ! He was now aware of the plans of the Union armies at Lexington, Louisville, Cincinnati and Frankfort. In the name of the operator, he sent word that Morgan was driving in the pickets at Frankfort ! Now that he had thrown his foes off guard, he rested his men a couple of days. He decided to let Lexington alone, and swept down on Cynthiana, routing a few hundred loyal Kentucky cavalrymen, capturing the gun and 420 prisoners, and nearly 300 horses. Then he was off to Paris ; he marched through Winchester, Richmond, Crab Orchard and Somerset, and again crossed the Cumberland River. He started with 900 men and returned with 1,200, having captured and paroled nearly as many, besides destroying all the Government arms and stores in seven- teen towns. The excitement continued in Cincinnati. Two regiments were hastily formed, for emergencies,* known as Cincinnati Reserves. Morgan’s raid did not reach the city, but it demonstrated to the rebel forces what might be accomplished in the “ Blue Grass ” region. July and August were passed in gloom. Bragg and Buell were both watchful, and Chattanooga had not been taken. Lexington w r as again menaced, a battle fought, and was finally deserted because it could not be held. Louisville was now in danger. The banks sent their specie away. Railroad companies added new guards. September 1, Gen. Kirby Smith entered Lexington, and dispatched Lleath with about six thousand men against Cincinnati and Covington. John Morgan joined him. The rebels rushed upon the borders of Ohio. The failure at Rich- mond only added deeper apprehension. Soon Kirby Smith and his regiments HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 189 occupied a position where only a few unmanned siege guns and the Ohio prevented his entrance through Covington into the Queen City. The city was fully armed, and Lew. Wallace’s arrival to take command inspired all with fresh courage. And before the people were hardly aware that danger was so near, the city was proclaimed under strict martial law. “ Citizens for labor, soldiers for battle.” There was no panic, because the leaders were confident. Back of Newport and Covington breastworks, riflepits and redoubts had been hastily thrown up, and pickets were thrown out. From Cincinnati to Covington extended a pon- ton bridge. Volunteers marched into the city and those already in service were sent to the rescue. Strict military law was now modified, and the city being secured,' some inconsiderate ones expressed themselves as being outraged with “ much ado about nothing.” But Gen. Wallace did not cease his vigilance. And Smith’s force began to move up. One or two skirmishes ensued. The city was again excited. September 11 was one of intense suspense. But Smith did not attack in force. Fie was ordered to join Bragg. On the Mon- day following, the citizens of Cincinnati returned to their avocations. In the spring of 1863, the State was a trifle discouraged. Her burdens had been heavy, and she was weary. Vicksburg was yet in the hands of the enemy. Rosecrans had not moved since his victory at Stone River. There had been fearful slaughter about Fredericksburg. But during July, 1863, Ohio was aroused again by Bragg’s command to Morgan, to raid Kentucky and capture Louisville. On the 3d of July, he was in a position to invade Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky. He continued his depre- dations, bewildering the militia with his movements. His avowed intention was to burn Indianapolis and “ take Cincinnati alive.” Morgan’s purposes were never clear. It was his audacious and sudden dashes, here and there, which gave him success. Before Cincinnati was aware, he was at Harrison — 13th of July. He expected to meet the forces of Burnside and Judah, and to cut his way through. His plans here, as everywhere, were indefinable, and he succeeded in deceiving everybody. While printers in Cincinnati were setting up “ reports ” as to his whereabouts, he was actually marching through the sub- urbs, near troops enough to devour them, and yet not encountered by a single picket ! They fed their horses within sight of Camp Dennison. At 4 o’clock that day, they were within twenty-eight miles of Cincinnati — having marched more than ninety miles in thirty-five hours. The greatest chagrin was expressed, that Morgan had so easily eluded the great military forces. A sudden dash was made to follow him. There was a universal bolting of doors, burying of valuables, hiding of horses, etc., all along the route of the mad cavalryman and his 2,000 mounted men. They plundered beyond all comparison. They made a principle of it. On the 14th of July, he was feeding his horses near Dennison ; he reached the ford at Buffington Island on the evening of the 18th ; he had encountered several little skirmishes, 190 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. but he had marched through at his own will, mostly ; all the troops of Kentucky had been outwitted. The Indiana forces had been laughed to scorn. The 50,000 Ohio militia had been as straws in his way. The intrepid band would soon be upon friendly soil, leaving a blackened trail behind. But Judah was up and marching after him, Hobson followed and Col. Runkle was north of him. The local militia in his advance began to impede the way. Near Pome- roy, a stand was made. Morgan found militia posted everywhere, but he suc- ceeded in running the gantlet, so far as to reach Chester. He should have hastened to cross the ford. Fortunately, he paused to breathe his horses and secure a guide. The hour and a half thus lost was the first mistake Morgan is known to have made in his military career. They reached Portland, and only a little earthwork, guarded by about 300 men, stood between him and safety. His men were exhausted, and he feared to lead them to a night attack upon a position not understood perfectly ; he would not abandon his wagon train, nor his wounded ; he would save or lose all. As Morgan was preparing next morning, having found the earthworks deserted through the night, Judah came up. He repulsed the attack at first, capturing Judah’s Adjutant General, and ordering him to hold the force on his front in check. He was not able to join his own company, until it was in full retreat. Here Lieut. O’Neil, of the Fifth Indiana, made an impulsive charge, the lines were reformed, and up the Chester road were Hobson’s gallant cavalrymen, who had been galloping over three States to capture this very Morgan ! And now the tin-clad gunboats steamed up and opened fire. The route was complete, but Morgan escaped with 1,200 men ! Seven hundred men were taken prisoners, among them Morgan’s brother, Cols. Ward, Duke and Huffman. The prisoners were brought to Cincinnati, while the troops went after the fugitive. He was surrounded by dangers ; his men were exhausted, hunted down ; skirmishes and thrilling escapes marked a series of methods to escape— his wonderful sagacity absolutely brilliant to the very last — which was his capture, on the 26th, with 346 prisoners and 400 horses and arms. It may be added, that after several months of con- finement, Morgan and six prisoners escaped, on the 27th of November. Again was he free to raid in the “ Blue Grass ” country. John Brough succeeded Gov. Tod January 11, 1864. His first prominent work was with the Sanitary Commission. In February, of the same year, the President called for more troops. The quota of Ohio was 51,465 men. The call of March added 20,995. And in July was a third demand for 50,792. In December, the State was ordered to raise 26,027. The critical period of the war was evidently approaching. Gov. Brough instituted a reformation in the “promotion system ” of the Ohio troops. He was, in many cases, severe in his measures. He ignored “ local great men ” and refused distinction as a bribe. The consequence was that he had many friends and some enemies. The acute- ness of his policy was so strong, and his policy so just, that, after all his severe administration, he was second to no statesman in the nation during the struggle. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 191 Ohio during the war was most active in her relief and aid societies. The most noted and extensive organization was the Cincinnati Branch of the United States Sanitary Commission. The most efficient organization was the Soldiers’ Aid Society of Northern Ohio. When the happy tidings swept over the land that peace was proclaimed, an echo of thanksgiving followed the proclamation. The brave sons of Ohio returned to their own soil — those who escaped the carnage. But ’mid the rejoicing there was deepest sadness, for a fragment only remained of that brave army which had set out sturdily inspired with patriotism. A BRIEF MENTION OF PROMINENT OHIO GENERALS. George Briton McClellan, the first General appointed in Ohio, was born December 3, 1826, in Philadelphia. His father was a physician of high stand- ing and Scottish descent. Young George was in school in Philadelphia, and entered West Point at the age of sixteen. At the age of twenty, he was a bre- vet Second Lieutenant, tracing lines of investment before Vera Cruz, under the supervision of Capt. R. E. Lee, First Lieut. P. G. T. Beauregard, Second Lieut. G. W. Smith. At the close of the Mexican war, old Col. Totten reported in favor of them all to Winfield Scott. He had charge of an exploring expedition to the mountains of Oregon and Washington, beginning with the Cascade Range. This was one of a series of Pacific Railway explorations. Returning to Wash- ington, he was detailed to visit the West Indies and secretly select a coaling sta- tion for the United States Navy. He was dispatched by Jefferson Davis, Secretary of War, to Europe, with instructions to take full reports of the organ- ization of military forces connected with the Crimean war. This work elicited entire satisfaction. He returned in January, 1857, resigned as regular army officer, and was soon installed as engineer of Illinois Central Railroad. In 1860, he was President of the Ohio & Mississippi. He removed to Cincinnati, where he was at the opening of the war. William Starke Rosecrans was born September 6, 1819, in Delaware County, Ohio. His people were from Amsterdam. He was educated at West Point. When the war opened, he espoused the cause of the Union with enthusiastic zeal, and was appointed by McClellan on his staff as Engineer. June 9, he was Chief Engineer of the State under special law. Soon thereafter, he was Colonel of the Twenty-third Ohio, and assigned to the command of Camp Chase, Columbus. On May 16, his commission was out as Brigadier General in the United States Army. This reached him and he was speedily sum- moned to active service, under Gen. McClellan. After the battle of Rich Moun- tain, he was promoted to the head of the department. In April, 1862, he was succeeded by Fremont, and ordered to Wash- ington to engage in immediate service for the Secretary of War. About the 15th of May, he was ordered to Gen. Halleck, before Corinth. He was relieved from his command December 9, 1864. 192 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Ulysses S. Grant, whose history we cannot attempt to give in these pages, was born on the banks of the Ohio, at Point Pleasant, Clermont Co., Ohio, April 27, 1822. He entered West Point in 1839. “ That the son of a tanner, poor and unpretending, without influential friends until his performance had won them, ill-used to the world and its ways, should rise — not suddenly, in the first blind worship of helpless ignorance which made any one who understood regimental tactics illustrious in advance for what he was going to do, not at all for what he had done — but slowly, grade by grade, through all the vicissitudes of constant service and mingled blunders and suc- cess, till, at the end of four years’ war he stood at the head of our armies, crowned by popular acclaim our greatest soldier, is a satisfactory answer to criticism and a sufficient vindication of greatness. Success succeeds.” “ We may reason on the man’s career ; we may prove that at few stages has he shown personal evidence of marked ability ; we may demonstrate his mis- takes ; we may swell the praises of his subordinates. But after all, the career stands wonderful, unique, worthy of study so long as the nation honors her benefactors, or the State cherishes the good fame of the sons who contributed most to her honor.” Lieut. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman was another Ohio contribution to the great Union war. He was born at Lancaster February 8, 1820. He entered West Point in June, 1836. His “ march to the sea ” has fully brought out the details of his life, since they were rendered interesting to all, and we refrain from repeating the well-known story. Philip H. Sheridan was born on the 6th of March, 1831, in Somerset, Perry Co., Ohio. He entered West Point in 1848. During the war, his career was brilliant. His presence meant victory. Troops fighting under his command were inspired. Gen. Rosecrans said of him, “He fights, he fights.” A staff officer once said, “He is an emphatic human syllable.” Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson was born in Sandusky County, town of Clyde, November 14, 1828. Maj. Gen. Q. A. Gillmore was born February 28, 1825, at Black River, Lorain Co., Ohio. Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell was born at Franklinton, Ohio, October 15, 1818. ‘ Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell was born near Marietta on the 23d of March, 1818. His grandfather on the maternal side was one of the first settlers of Cincinnati. Maj. Gen. 0. M. Mitchell was a native of Kentucky, but a resident of Ohio from the age of four years. Maj. Gen. Robert C. Schenck was born October 4, 1809, in Franklin, Warren Co., Ohio. Mai. Gen. James A. Garfield, was born in Orange, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, November 19, 1831. ISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 193 Maj. Gen. Jacob D. Cox was born in Canada in 1828, and removed to Ohio in 1846. Maj. Gen. James B. Steedman was born in Pennsylvania July 30, 1818, and removed to Toledo in 1861. Maj. Gen. David S. Stanley was born in Wayne County, Ohio, June 1, 1828. Maj. Gen. George Crook was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, Septem- ber 8, 1828. Maj. Gen. Mortimer D. Leggett was born in New York April 19, 1831, and emigrated to Ohio, in 1847. Brevet Maj. Gen. John C. Tidball was born in Virginia, but removed while a mere lad to Ohio with his parents. Brevet Maj. Gen. John W. Fuller was born in England in 1827. He removed to Toledo in 1858. Brevet Maj. Gen. Manning F. Force was born in Washington, D. C., on the 17th of December, 1824. ITe became a citizen of Cincinnati. Brevet Maj. Gen. Henry B. Banning was born in Knox County, Ohio, November 10, 1834. We add the names of Brevet Maj. Gens. Erastus B. Tyler, Thomas H. Ewing, Charles R. Woods, August V. Kautz, Rutherford B. Hayes, Charles C. Walcutt, Kenner Garrard, Hugh Ewing, Samuel Beatty, James S. Robinson, Joseph W. Keifer, Eli Long, William B. Woods, John W. Sprague, Benjamin P. Runkle, August Willich, Charles Griffin, Henry J. Hunt, B. W. Brice. Brig. Gens. Robert L. McCook, William H. Lytle, William Leroy Smith, C. P. Buckingham, Ferdinand Van Derveer, George P. Este, Joel A. Dewey, Benjamin F. Potts, Jacob Ammen, Daniel McCook, J. W. Forsyth, Ralph P. Buckland, William H. Powell, John G. Mitchell, Eliakim P. Scam- mon, Charles G Harker, J. W. Reilly, Joshua W. Sill, N. C. McLean, Will- iam T. H. Brooks, George W. Morgan, John Beatty, William W. Burns, John S. Mason, S. S. Carroll, Henry B. Carrington, M. S. Wade, John P. Slough, T. K. Smith. Brevet Brig. Gens. C. B. Ludlow, Andrew Hickenlooper, B. D. Fearing, Henry F. Devol, Israel Garrard, Daniel McCoy, W. P. Richardson, G. F. Wiles, Thomas M. Vincent, J. S. Jones, Stephen B. Yeoman, F. W. Moore, Thomas F. Wilder, Isaac Sherwood, C. H. Grosvenor, Moses E. Walker, R. N. Adams, E. B. Eggleston, I. M. Kirby. W e find numerous other names of Brevet Brigadier Generals, mostly of late appointments, and not exercising commands in accordance with their brevet rank, which we omit quoting through lack of space. They are the names of men of rare abilities, and in many cases of brilliant achievements. In looking over the “War Record of Ohio,” we find the State a great leader in men of valor and heroic deeds. It was the prolific field of military geniuses. 194 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Ohio was draped with the garb of mourning at the close of the war. Her human sacrifice in behalf of the nation had been bitter. There were tears and heart-aches all over the land. Her ranks were swept by a murderous fire, from which they never flinched, and many officers fell. Col. John IT. Patrick will be remembered as opening the battle of Lookout Mountain. He fell mortally wounded, during the Atlanta campaign, May 15, 1862, while actively engaged. He was struck by a canister shot, and expired half a hour thereafter. Col. John T. Poland, in July, 1863, was placed in command of a mounted brigade, including his regiment, and was instructed to destroy the Virginia k Tennessee Railroad. He reached Wytheville, Va., on the afternoon of the 18th of July. The rebels were safely intrenched in the house, and poured a galling fire into the national troops. Col. Toland was on horseback, at the head of his command. A sharpshooter sent a bullet with fatal certainty, and he fell on the neck of his horse, but was instantly caught by his Orderly Sergeant, who heard the fervent words : a My horse and my sword to my mother.” Lieut. Col. Barton S. Kyle accompanied his regiment to the battle of Pitts- burg Landing. The regiment was forced back, though resisting bravely. Lieut. Col. Kyle was at his post of duty, encouraging his men, when he received a bullet in his right breast. He survived five hours. Col. William G. Jones was engaged m the battle of Chickamauga, June, 1863. His regiment, the Thirty-sixth Ohio, was included in Turchin’s Brigade of the Fourteenth Corps. He wrote in his pocket memoranda : “ Off to the left ; merciful Father, have mercy on me and my regiment, and protect us from injury and death ” — at 12 o’clock. At 5 that afternoon, he was fatally wounded and expired at 7 that same evening, on the battle-field His remains were taken by the rebels, but in December, 1863, they were exhumed and interred in Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati. Col. Fred. C. Jones held command of the Tenth Brigade, in October, 1862, marching from Wild Cat, Ky., to Nashville, through a perpetual skirmish, During the battle of Stone River, Col. Jones’ regiment, the Twenty-fourth, was on the front and left of the line. During the afternoon, when the rebel assault upon the left became furious, Col. Jones ordered his men to lie down and hold fire, which was obeyed. They rose to pour a deadly volley into the rebel ranks, and rush forward in a fierce charge. The capture of an entire rebel regiment was thus effected, but Col. Jones was shot in the right side. He was carried to the rear. “ I know it ; I am dying now ; pay no attention to me, but look after my wounded men.” He survived about ten hours. His remains are buried in Spring Grove, Cincinnati. Col. Lorin Andrews went with his command to Western Virginia, where he succumbed to exposure and severe duty. He was removed to his home, Gambier, Ohio, where he died surrounded by friends September 18, 1861. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 195 Col. Minor Milliken was sent to repel the attacks of the rebels at the rear. He led a superb cavalry charge against the enemy, vastly superior in numbers, and was cut off with a small portion of his regiment. He disdained to sur- render, and ordered his men to cut their way out. A hand-to-hand conflict ensued. Col. Milliken, being an expert swordsman, was able to protect himself with his saber. While parrying the strokes of his assailant, another shot him. The regiment, again charging, recovered his body, stripped of sword, purse and watch. Col. George P. Webster, with his regiment, the Ninety-eighth, left Steu- benville for Covington, Ky., August 23, 1862, marching from that point to Lex- ington and Louisville. He was placed at the command of the Thirty-fourth Brigade, Jackson’s division, Cooke’s corps. He fell in the battle of Perryville, and died on the field of battle. Col. Leander Stem was appointed Colonel of the One Hundred and First Ohio Infantry August 30, 1862. His premonitions that he should fall during his first regular engagement proved too true. As the army was advancing on Murfreesboro, the engagement of Knob Gap occurred, when Col. Stem’s regi- ment charged and took a rebel battery, with several prisoners. The army closed around Murfreesboro, and on the evening of the 30th, the One Hun- dred and First was engaged in demonstrations against the enemy. Next morning, the battle of Stone River began in earnest. When Col. Stem’s regi- ment began to waver, he called out: “Stand by the flag now, for the good old State of Ohio ! ” and instantly fell, fatally wounded. Lieut. Col. Jonas D. Elliott held his position in May, 1863. During the summer of 1864, he commanded the left wing of the regiment at Dodsonville, Ala.; in September, he was sent after Wheeler, and was ordered into camp at Decatur. On the 23d, he was dispatched to Athens, to participate in the attack of Gen. Forrest, of the rebels. Col. Elliott was sent out, with 300 men, and being surrounded by Gen. Forrest, with vastly superior numbers, a forced resist- ance enabled them to sustain their own ground, until a fresh brigade of rebels arrived, under Gen. Wari'en. This officer instructed one of his men to shoot Lieut. Col. Elliott, and a moment later he fell. He lingered nineteen days. Col. Joseph L. Kirby Smith took command of the Forty-third Ohio Regi- ment. He fell at the battle of Corinth, under Rosecrans. Lieut. Col. James W. Shane fell, June 27, 1864, in an assault upon the enemy’s works at Kenesaw. He survived but forty minutes. Col. Augustus H. Coleman displayed the abilities of a successful commander. He was in the first charge on the bridge across Antietam Creek. He was fatally wounded. His last words were inquiries regarding his men. Col. J. W. Lowe commanded the Twelfth Ohio, and was ordered to assist the Tenth in the battle of Carnifex Ferry. Cheering his men, in the thickest of the fight, a rifle ball pierced his forehead, and he fell dead — the first field officer from Ohio killed in battle in the war for the Union. 196 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Lieut. Col. Moses F. Wooster was engaged with his regiment, the One Hun- dred and First Ohio, at Perryville. He was mortally wounded on the 31st of December, 1862, in the grand effort to stem the tide of defeat at Stone River. The list of staff officers we refrain from giving, through lack of space. At the opening of the war, William Dennison was Governor of Ohio. David Tod succeeded him. John Brough was the third War Governor. Secretary Edwin M. Stanton was one of the most popular war Minister. He was born in Steubenville, Ohio, in 1815 ; he was engaged in the United States Circuit Court, in 1860, in a leading law suit, at Cincinnati, known as the Manny and McCormick reaper trial ; on the 20th of January, 1862, he vas appointed Secretary of War by Mr. Lincoln. Ex-Secretary Salmon P. Chase’s public services in Ohio have already been mentioned in these pages. In 1861, he was appointed Secretary of the Treas- ury, in Mr. Lincoln’s cabinet. United States Senator B. F. Wade made his reputation in Ohio. This Senator of the State stood at the head of the Committee on the Conduct of the War throughout its duration. United States Senator John Sherman was a leading member of the Finance Committee, during the war. For some time he was its Chairman. Jay Cooke was the financial agent of the Government, furnishing money for the payment of the troops. He was born in Portland, Huron Co., Ohio. In our brief review of the war record of Ohio, we have omitted a vast amount of detail information that would prove interesting to our readers. We believe we have been accurate in whatever we have given, taking as our authority, that accepted “encyclopedia” of Ohio war facts — Whitelaw Reid, who has pub- lished a valuable volume on the subject. SOME DISCUSSED SUBJECTS. It may be well in glancing over the achievements of Ohio, her momentous labors and grand successes, to refer to the Ordinance of 1787, more minutely than we have done, in relation to many events, since its inherent principles are not only perpetuated in the laws of the entire Northwest, but have since been woven into the general Constitution of the United States. It made permanent the standard and character of immigration, social culture and political and edu- cational institutions. It was thoroughly antislavery and denounced involuntary servitude, which was sanctioned in every other State at that time, with the exception of Massachusetts. It protected religion and property. As late as 1862, Gen. William Henry Harrison, Governor of Indiana, called a convention for the purpose of considering the slavery question, and the feasibility of intro- ducing the system in the new States and Territories being formed. There was at this time a spirited contest, and Illinois, Indiana and possibly Ohio, barely escaped a decision that a full support should be given its introduction HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 197 into these States. Its adoption was based upon certain specifications and limits of time, which upon a deeper consideration was deemed perplexing and impractical. An animated discussion arose not long since, regarding the correct author- ship of this important ordinance, and its chief worker in gaining its sanction by Congress. Mr. Webster ascribed its authorship to Mathew Dane, of Massachusetts, which statement was immediately refuted by Mr. Benton, of Mississippi, who laid claim to it as the birthright of Thomas- Jefferson, of Virginia. It has been almost impossible to obtain accurate reports of the actions of the old Continental Congress, from the fact that its meetings were held in secret, and any reports either narrated or shown in schedules or lists, were deemed a striking lack of trust on the part of the person who furnished the information. It was sufficient that its acts and conclusions be proclaimed without any prelude or reasoning process. Hence it has been difficult to obtain early Congressional documents. But it has been conclusively proven that the great motive power in gaining the approbation of the Ordinance of 1787, was neither Dane nor Jefferson, but Dr. Cutler. He arrived at New York, July 5 of that year, after a journey from Ipswich, Mass., in his sulky. He obtained lodgings at the “Plow and Harrow,” and saw that his good horse was properly cared for and fed at the same place. Congress was then in session, and he had come on a mission for the Ohio Com- pany, to negotiate their grant and its privileges in the new Territory of Ohio. He remained in New York three weeks, constantly engaged in the work vital to the interests of the future great State. But he secured the installment of the principles deemed the corner-stone of a future powerful State constitution. Mr. Poole, Librarian of the Chicago Public Library, searched assiduously for con- clusive proof of Dr. Cutler’s right to this honor, and in the North American Review , Vol. 122, this is emphatically set forth with substantiating proof under his signature. Other facts have been discussed and proven at a very recent date, relative to the State of Ohio, which heretofore have been omitted, and nearly lost from the historic thread which unites the present with the past. The first settlement of the lands of the Northwest is necessarily surrounded with interest. But those were exciting, troublesome times, and a few links were passed over lightly. However, the years are not so far removed in the past but the line may be traced. Mr. Francis W. Miller, of Cincinnati, has supplied some missing chapters. The earliest documentary trace extant, regarding the southern settlement at Cincinnati, is an agreement of partnership between Denman, Filson and Pat- terson, in the fractional section of land to which the city of Cincinnati was originally limited. It bears the date August 25, 1788. This was entered on the records of Hamilton County, Ohio, October 6, 1803. 198 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. A letter from Jonathan Dayton to the Hon. Judge Symmes, dated Septem- j her 26, 1789, says: “You have been selling your lands, I am told, for two shillings specie, the acre. The price at this moment is, and seems to be, and l| undoubtedly is, a good one; but as much cannot be said of it when you find hereafter that in consequence of the rise of certificates, another acre, in another payment, may cost you in specie two shillings and sixpence.” A letter from John C. Symmes to Capt. Dayton, dated April 80, 1790, says: “The land in the reserved township is held at much too high a price. Not a foot of land beyond the five-acre lots will sell. Five shillings, specie, | or two dollars in certificates, is the utmost they will bring, and they will rarely sell at that.” This state of affairs was in a large degree brought about by the breaking-up of North Bend and a removal of the town to Fort Washington, or Cincinnati, later. A search through the old letters and other preserved documents prove that North Bend was at one time the beginning of the great city on the Ohio, rather than Cincinnati. Judge Symmes wrote, May 18, 1789: “I have not as yet been able to make a decisive choice of a plat for the city, though I have found two pieces of ground, both eligible, but not upon the present plan of a j regular square. It is a question of no little moment and difficulty to deter- mine which of these s*pots is preferable, in point of local situation. I know that at first thought men will decide in favor of that on the Ohio, from the supposition that the Ohio will command more trade and business than the Miami. * * * But if it were built on the Miami, the settlers throughout the purchase would find it very convenient.” Another of the earliest selections of town sites was adjacent to the most southerly point of what is now Delhi Township. To this the name of South Bend was given. Judge Symmes reports November 4, 1790, of this place, over forty framed and hewed-log two-story houses, since the preceding spring. Ensign Luce is said to have taken his troops to North Bend, but decided to remove to Cincinnati, on account of the object of his affections having settled there — the wife of a settler. But this story is refuted by contradictory evi- dence from Judge Symmes’ letters, which illustrate the fact that the post of North Bend was abandoned by Ensign Luce and his men in consequence of a panic, caused by Indian attacks. The removal of the troops caused a general decline of the town. Again, history and letters from the same eminent Judge, assert that Fort Washington was completed and garrisoned by Maj. Doughty before the close of that same year, and was begun by him during the summer, that Ensign Luce must have still been at his post at the bend at that time. It has been, therefore, recently accepted that the traditional “black eyes” and the “Indian panic,” had nothing to do with the founding of Cincinnati, and that the advantages of the position gained the victory. Cincinnati has advanced, not only in prosperity and culture, but in national significance. Our readers must have observed, in perusing these pages, that HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 199 from this city and the State which it represents, have emanated some of the superior intellects which have used their wise faculties and talents, tempered by a wise judgment, in behalf of the American Union. The originality of the Senecas and Wyandots have been debated at some length, while others have called the tribes the same, having two branches. We have searched the earlier records and have found an authenticated account of these two tribes. The Indian tribes of Ohio were originally bold, fierce and stalwart. The country watered by the Sandusky and its tributaries was frequented by the Wyandot tribe, who came from the north side of the St. Lawrence River. The Senecas were blood relatives of this tribe. Both tribes were numbered by the Thousands. A war originated between them, in this manner: A Wyandot [chief desired to wed the object of his affections, who laughed him to scorn, because he had taken no scalps, and was no warrior “ to speak of.” To change her opinion, he led out a party, and falling upon a number of Senecas, slaugh- tered them mercilessly, that he might hasten to the side of his dusky belle, with his trophies. This act inaugurated hostilities, which extended through a century. The Wyandots began to fear extermination, and, gathering their entire effects The natives escaped to Green Bay, and settled in several villages. But the Sen- ecas made up a war party and followed them, killing many Wyandots and burn- ing some of their villages. They then returned to Canada. Soon thereafter, they secured fire-arms from the French. Again they followed the Wyandots, firing their guns into Their huts, and frightening them severely. They did not succeed as well as they expected. But the third party nearly exterminated the villages, because the young warriors were nearly all gone to war with the Foxes. The few at home escaping, promised to return with the Senecas, but desired two days for preparation. The Wyandots sent word to the two villages left undisturbed, and held a consultation. They decided to go as near the Senecas as possible, unobserved, and discover their real motive. They found them feast- ing on two roasted Wyandots, shouting over their victory. They danced nearly all night, and then fell asleep. A little before daylight, the Wyandots fell on them, leaving not one to carry back the news. The Wyandots then procured guns, and began to grow formidable. They set out to return to their own country, and proceeded on their way as far as Detroit, where they met a party of Senecas, on the lake. A fierce conflict ensued, and the Wyandots beheld the Senecas fall, to the last man, suffering- fearful carnage themselves. They soon settled in this part of the world, their principal village being on the Sandusky. Northwestern Ohio was particularly dangerous with new Indian tribes, and the Wyandots were cruelly aggressive. The death of their chief, and their total defeat by Harrison, destroyed their power forever. On the 29th of September, 1817, a treaty was held, at the foot of the rapids of the Miami of Lake Erie, between Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur, 200 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO Commissioners of the United States, and the sachems, chiefs and warriors of the Wyandot, Seneca, Delaware, Shawnee, Potawattomie, Ottawa and Chippewa nations. All their lands in Ohio were ceded to the United States forever. There was really not a Seneca in the Seneca nation. They were chiefly Cayugas, Mohawks, Onondagas, Tuscarawas, Wyandots and Oneidas. But the Mingoes were originally Cayugas, and their chief was the celebrated Logan. After the murder of his family by the whites, the Mingoes were scattered over the territory northwest of the Ohio. The notorious Simon Girty was adopted by the Senecas. Girty’s name was a terror and fiendish horror for many years. He not only led the Indians in their atrocities, but he added barbarism to their native wickedness. CONCLUSION. When peace was proclaimed, after the surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee to Gen. U. S. Grant, the volunteer troops disbanded, and a return to home indus- tries instituted, Ohio, like many other States, gave direct attention to the inter- ests of returned soldiers. The thrift of the State was augmented by a spasmodic, and thereafter recognized as a fictitious, demand for products, commercial and industrial pursuits redoubled their forces. But the ‘great wave of stagnation swept over this fair land — the re-action of a war excitement. Laborers were many, but wages were inadequate. Deeper and deeper settled this lethargy — called by many “ hard times” — until the wheels of commercial life revolved slowly, and from the workshops and the factories went up the echoes of priva- tion and distress. There was no famine, no fever, no epidemic, it was simply exhaustion. In the larger cities there was much suffering. Idle people loitered about, barely seeking employment, the task seeming worse than hopeless. During the years 1870, 1871 and 1872, the stringent measures brought about by the depressed state of business retarded any material advancement in general matters. The years 1873-74 were marked by a preceptible improve- ment, and a few factories were established, while larger numbers were employed in those already founded. The year 1875 was under the direction of a Demo- cratic Legislature. It was marked in many respects by a “ reverse motion ” in many laws and regulations. The Legislature which convened in 1876, January 3, was Republican in the main. It repealed the “ Geghan Law ” passed by the preceding body. At the time of its adoption, there was the most intense feeling throughout the State, the charge being made that it was in the interests of the Catholics. Among the general enactments were laws re-organizing the government of the State insti- tutions, which the previous Legislature had ordered according to their own belief to follow new doctrines. The office of Comptroller of the Treasury was abolished. The powers of municipal corporations to levy taxes was limited, and their authority to incur debts was limited. Furthermore, this body prohibited any municipal appropriations, unless the actual money was in the Treasury to meet HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 201 the same in full. A law was passed for the protection of children under fourteen years of age, exhibited in public shows. The temperance cause received more vigorous and solid support than was ever rendered by the State previously. A common-sense, highly moral and exalted platform was formed and supported by many leading men. This year witnessed the serious “strikes” among the miners in Stark and Wavne Counties. The consequences were painful — distress, riots and distrac- tion of property. The State Mine Inspector reported 300 coal mines in the State, with only twenty-five in operation. Not over 3,000,000 tons of coal were raised during the year, owing to the dullness of the times. The State charities reported the aggregate number under public care to be 29,508. The taxation for the maintenance of these classes was one and one six-hundredth of a mill on each dollar of taxable property. The reports given of the year 1877 indicated a revival of business interests and prosperity. The State produced of wheat, 27,306,566 bushels ; rye, 914,106 bushels; buckwheat, 225,822 bushels; oats, 29,325,611; barley, 1,629,817 bushels ; corn, 101,884,305 bushels ; timothy, tons of hay, 2,160,334 ; (clover, tons of hay, 286,265; flax, pounds of fiber, 7,343,294; potatoes, 10,504,278 bushels; sweet potatoes, 126,354J bushels; tobacco, 24,214,950 pounds; sorghum, sugar, 7,507^ pounds; syrup, 1,180,255 gallons; maple sugar, 1,625,215 pounds; maple syrup, 324,036 gallons; honey, 1,534,902 pounds. The year 1878 was marked by a more vigorous and combined effort of the people to entirely overcome the stagnation of business, the influence of the lethargy yet combating the awakened interest. This energy was amply rewarded in 1879, by a general dawning of the “good times ” so ardently desired. New enterprises were instituted, manufactories erected, improvements carried on, and agriculture was successful. Before the year closed, the State was basking in the light of prosperity, and the year 1880 was ushered in when the confidence of the people was again a permanent incentive — confidence in the nation, their State, each in the other and themselves. The old-time crown of power, influence and integrity, which Ohio has earned, is conspicuous in this year of 1881. The jewels have been reset, and we confidently doubt not that their luster will remain undimmed intrusted to so faithful and so earnest a people. 202 HISTORY OP THE STATE OP OHIO POPULATION OF OHIO BY COUNTIES. COUNTIES 1820 1830 1840 1850 I860 1870 1880 581434 937903 1519467 1980329 2339511 2665260 10406 12281 13183 188S3 20309 20750 2*1004 578 9079 12109 19185 23623 31323 23813 22951 21933 23883 7382 14584 23724 28767 31814 32517 37139 6338 9787 19109 18215 ■21364 23768 28413 11338 17187 20041 25H3 20329 28827 30901 34600 36398 39714 im 13356 17867 22715 27332 29958 30802 32726 21146 27142 28173 30789 35840 39912 42580 18108 17685 15738 14491 1641R 8479 12131 16721 19782 22693 24188 27317 1! 9533 13114 16882 22178 25306 32070 4 1 047 15820 20466 23106 30153 33034 34268 36713 8085 11436 15719 18838 21461 21914 2?5?9 22033 35*92 40378 33621 32836 38299 38 m 7086 11161 21590 25674 25032 23600 26641 4791 13152 18177 23881 25556 30583 6328 10373 26506 48099 78033 132010 1 ‘16943 3717 6204 13282 2027G 26009 32278 I049H 6966 11886 15719 22518 7639 11504 22060 21817 2390-2 25175 27380 12599 18568 2447; 28188 32640 31924 30264 30538 31138 34283 6316 8182 10984 12726 15935 17170 20364 10292 14741 25049 42909 503C, 1 63019 86816 7781 14043 17789 21062 Gallia 7098 9733 13444 17063 22013 25545 28124 7791 15813 16297 17827 15817 14190 14255 10529 14801 17528 21946 26197 28038 31349 9292 18036 27748 30438 24474 23838 27197 31764 52317 80145 156844 216410 260370 313368 813 9986 16751 22886 23847 27788 210 4598 8251 18714 27028 14345 20916 20099 20157 19110 18682 20455 262 2503 3434 8901 14028 20587 12308 16345 22269 25781 27773 29133 30280 2130 4008 9 <41 14119 17925 18177 21126 9135 18088 20452 20589 20775 6675 13341 23933 26203 26616 28532 31609 3746 5941 9744 12719 17941 '21759 23679 18531 22489 25030 29133 26115 29188 &3018 8326 17085 29579 28872 27735 26333 27450 13719 14654 15576 15935 16326 3499 5367 9738 15246 23-249 31380 39068 Licking 11861 3181 20869 6440 35096 14015 38846 19162 37011 20996 35756 23028 40451 26268 5696 18467 26086 29744 30308 35525 9382 12363 25831 46722 67388 4799 6190 9025 10015 13015 15633 20*29 23735 25894 31001 42867 14765 12618 15490 16184 20564 3082 7560 18352 24441 22517 20092 21454 4480 6158 11452 17971 26534 31465 32325 1110 8277 7712 14104 17254 21808 8851 12807 19688 24999 29959 32740 36178 4645 8768 18521 28351 25741 25779 26197 78545 Montgomery 15999 24362 31938 38218 52230 64006 5297 11800 20S52 28585 22119 20363 20074 20280 20445 18583 19073 17824 29334 38749 45049 44416 44886 49780 20751 19949 81137 2248 3308 7016 13364 19763 161 1034 1766 4945 8544 13490 8429 13970 19344 20 <75 19678 18453 28218 Pickaway 13149 4253 16001 6024 19725 7626 21006 10953 23469 13643 24875 15447 27353 17927 10095 18826 22965 24419 24208 24584 2750ft 10237 16291 19482 21736 21820 21809 21534 230 5189 7221 12808 17081 23718 9169 24006 44532 30879 31 158 32516 36306 20619 24068 27460 32074 35071 37097 40307 852 2851 10182 14305 21429 25503 38063 5750 8710 11192 18428 24297 29:102 33511 5159 18128 27104 30S68 30827 36955 2106 3671 12154 13958 17493 20748 24136 12406 26588 34603 39818 42978 52508 61027 22560 27485 27344 34674 43788 15546 26153 33107 30490 30656 3S659 44882 8328 1429S 25631 31761 32463 33840 40197 1996 3192 8422 12201 16507 18730 2*2374 49 1577 4793 10238 15823 23030 9353 13631 15027 17226 17837 2H68 23141 25560 26902 26689 28392 10425 11731 20823 29540 36268 40609 43244 11933 23333 35808 32981 32483 35116 37452 387 4465 8018 16633 2099 1 23821 733 1102 5357 9157 17886 24.- ',96 84026 "Wyandot 11194 15596 18553 22401 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 203 POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. STATE8 AND Territories. Area in square Miles. Population. Miles R.R. 1872 States and Territories. Area *n square Miles. Population. Miles R.R. 1872 1870 1880 1870 1880 States. Slates. 50J22 996,992 484,471 1,262,794 802,564 1,671 25 46,000 1,306 29,385 3,521,791 217,353 4,282,786 276,528 995,622 1,542,463 1,592,574 332,286 5,113 136 1,201 1,520 865 675 52,198 188,981 104,500 4,674 2,120 560,247 864.686 1,013 392 705^606 1,258,520 818,579 39,864 194,649 537,454 622,683 820 237,504 10,212 Delaware 125,015 146,654 227 Vermont 330,551 59,268 187,748 1,184,109 267,351 466 40,904 23,000 1,225,163 1,512,806 61 8, .143| 1,490 485 Georgia Illinois 58,000 1,539,048 2,108 West Virginia '442,014 55.410 33,809 55,045 81,318 37,600 2,539,891 1,680,637 1,191,792 364,399 1,321,011 , 3.078,769 1,978,362 1,624,620 995,966 1,648,708 5,904 3,529 3,160 1,760 1,123 Wisconsin 53,924 1,054,670 1,315,480 1,725 Iowa Kansas Kentucky Total States Territories. 2,054,671 38,154,127 49,369,595 59,716 41.346 726,915 940,103 539 113,910 9,658 40,441 135,180 177,638 31,716 626,915 648, '945 871 147,490 CO 14,181 131,700 Maryland 11,184 780,804 934, (32 820 Dist. of Columbia. 1,457,351 1,783,012 1,606 Idaho 90,932 1 1,999 32,611 39,157 118,430 143,906 75,120 56,451 1,184,059 1,636,331 2,235 143,776 -<0,595 91,874 86,786 23,955 9,118 83,531 439,706 780,806 1,612 121,201 80,056 69,914 93,107 47,156 827,922 1,131 592 9 0 Utah 375 1,721,295 2,168,804 2,5,80 Nebraska 75,995 112,090 9,980 8,320 47,000 50,704 123,993 42 491 452,433 62,265 346 084 1,130, 9^3 5,083,810 1,400,047 828 593 790 1,265 4,470 1,190 Wyoming 20,788 498 New Hampshire. . 3 fs’.UOO 906,0% 4,382,759 1,071,361 Total Territories 860,482 402,866 783,271 873 New York North Carolina... . Aggregate of U. S . . 2,915,203 38,555,983 60,852 Ohio Oregon 39,964 95,244 2,665,260 90,923 3,198,239 174,767 3,740 179 •Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD; Population and Area. Countries. Population. China British Empire Russia United States with Alaska France Austria and Hungary Japan Great Britain and Ireland German Empire Italy Spain Brazil Turkey Mexico Sweden and Norway Persia Belgium Bavaria Portugal Holland New Grenada Chili Switzerland Peru Bolivia Argentine Republic Wurtemburg Denmark Venezuela Baden Greece Guatemala Ecuador Paraguay Hesse Liberia San Salvador Ilayti Nicaragua. Uruguay Honduras 1" San Domingo Costa Rica Hawaii. 446,500.000 226.817,108 81.925.400 38,925,600 36,469.800 35.904.400 34,785,300 31,817,100 29,906.092 27,439,921 16.642.000 10 . 000.000 16.463.000 9.173.000 5.921.500 5.000. 000 5.021.300 4.861.400 3,995.200 3.688.300 3.000. 000 2 . 000 . 000 2,669.100 2.500.000 2,000,000 1.812.000 1.818. 500 1,784.700 1.500.000 1.461.400 1,457.900 1.180.000 1,300.000 1,000,000 823,138 718.000 600.000 572.000 350.000 300.000 350.000 136.000 165 000 62.950 Date of Census. Area in Square Miles. Inhabitants to Square Mile. Capitals. 1871 3,741,846 119.3 Pekin 1871 4,677,432 48.6 London 1871 8.003,778 10.2 SC. Petersburg 1870 2,603,884 7.78 Washington I860 204.091 178.7 Paris 1859 240.348 149.4 Vienna 1871 149,399 232.8 Yedclo 1871 121,315 262.3 London 1871 160,207 187. Berlin 1871 118,847 230.9 Rome 1867 195,775 85. Madrid 3 253 029 3.07 672,621 24.4 Constantinople 1800 761.526 1870 292.871 20. Stockholm 1 870 635.964 7-8 Teheran 1869 11.373 441.5 Brussels 1871 29.292 165.9 Munich 1868 34,494 115.8 Lisbon 1870 12,680 290.9 Hague 1870 357,157 8.4 Bogota 1869 132.616 15.1 Santiago 1870 15.992 166.9 Berne 1871 471.838 5.3 Lima 4M7 321 4. 1869 871.848 2.1 Buenos Ayres 1871 7,533 241.4 Stuttgart 1870 14,753 120.9 Copenhagen 36S. 23ft 4.2 1871 5,912 247. Carlsrulie 1870 19,353 75.3 Athens 1871 40,879 28.9 Guatemala 218,928 5-9 1871 63,787 15.6 Asuncion 2,969 277. 1871 9,576 74.9 Monrovia 1871 7,335 81.8 Sal Salvador 10,205 56. Port au Prince 1871 58,171 6. Managua 1871 66,722 6.5 Monte Video. . . % 1871 17.092 7.4 Comavagua 17,827 7.6 1870 21,505 7.7 San Jose... 7 1 7.633 80. Honolulu Population. 1.648.800 3.251.800 667.000 109,199 1 , 825,300 833.900 1 , 554,900 3 , 251,800 825.400 244,484 332.000 420.000 1 , 075,000 210.300 136.900 120.000 314.100 169,500 224,063 90,100 45.000 115.400 36.000 160.100 25.000 177,800 91.600 162,042 47.000 36.600 43,400 40.000 70.000 48.000 30.000 3.000 15.000 20.000 10,000 44.500 12,000 20,000 2.000 7,633 204 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. COMMENTS UPON THE ORDINANCE OF 1787, FROM THE STATUTES OF OHIO, EDITED BY SALMON P. CHASE, AND PUB- LISHED IN THE YEAR 1833. [It would be difficult to find a more comprehensive review of the founda- tions of our system of laws than is given in the “ Preliminary Sketch of the History of Ohio,” by this distinguished representative of the bench and the bar of America. The work is now out of print, and is not easily obtained; besides, its great author has passed away; so these extracts are made more with a view of preserving old historical literature, than of introducing new; furthermore, the masses of the people have never had convenient access to the volumes, which, for the most part, have been in the hands of professional men only. The publication of the work first brought its compiler before the public, and marked the beginning of that career which, during its course, shaped the financial system of our country, and ended upon the Supreme Bench of the nation.] By the ordinance of 1785, Congress had executed in part the great national trust confided to it, by providing for the disposal of the public lands for the common good, and by prescribing the manner and terms of sale. By that of 1787, provision was made for successive forms of Territorial government, adapted to successive steps of advancement in the settlement of the Western country. It comprehended an intelligible system of law on the descent and conveyance of real property, and the transfer of personal goods. It also con- tained five articles of compact between the original States, and the people and States of the Territory, establishing certain great fundamental principles of governmental duty and private right, as the basis of all future constitutions and legislation, unalterable and indestructible, except by that final and common ruin, which, as it has overtaken all former systems of human polity, may yet overwhelm our American union. Never, probably, in the history of the world, did a measure of legislation so accurately fulfill, and yet so mightily exceed the anticipations of the legislators. The ordinance has been well described, as having been a pillar of cloud by day and of fire by night, in the settlement and government of the Northwestern States. When the settlers went into the wilderness, they found the law already there. It was impressed upon the soil itself, while it yet bore up nothing but the forest. The purchaser of land became, by that act, a party to the compact, and bound by its perpetual cove- nants, so far as its conditions did not conflict with the terms of the cessions of the States. ********* This remarkable instrument was the last gift of the Congress of the old confederation to the country, and it was a fit consummation of their glorious HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 207 labors. At the time of its promulgation, the Federal Constitution was under discussion in the convention ; and in a few months, upon the organization of the new national government, that Congress was dissolved, never again to re-as- semble. Some, and indeed most of the principles established by the articles of compact are to be found in the plan of 1784, and in the various English and American bills of rights. Others, however, and these not the least important, are original. Of this number are the clauses in relation to contracts, to slavery and to Indians. On the whole, these articles contain what they profess to con- tain, the true theory of American liberty. The great principles promulgated by it are wholly and purely American. They are indeed the genuine princi- ples of freedom, unadulterated by that compromise with circumstances, the effects of which are visible in the constitution and history of the Union. The first form of civil government, provided by the ordinance, was now formally established within the Territory. Under this form, the people had no concern in the business of government. The Governor and Judges derived their appointments at first from Congress, and after the adoption of the Fed- eral Constitution, from the President. The commission of the former officer was for the term of three years, unless sooner revoked ; those of the latter were during good behavior. It was required that the Governor should reside within the Territory, and possess a freehold estate there, in one thousand acres of land. He had authority to appoint all officers of militia, below the rank of Generals, and all magistrates and civil officers, except the Judges and the Secretary of the Territory ; to establish convenient divisions of the whole dis- trict for the execution of progress, to lay out those parts to which the Indian titles might be extinguished into counties and townships. The Judges, or any two of them, constituted a court with common law jurisdiction. It was neces- sary that each Judge should possess a freehold estate in the territory of five hundred acres. The whole legislative power which, however, extended only to the adoption of such laws of the original States as might be suited to the cir- cumstances of the country, was vested in the Governor and Judges. The laws adopted were to continue in force, unless disapproved by Congress, until re- pealed by the Legislature, which was afterward to be organized. It was the duty of the Secretary to preserve all acts and laws, public records and executive proceedings, and to transmit authentic copies to the Secretary of Congress every six months. Such was the first government devised for the Northwestern Territory. It is obvious that its character, as beneficent or oppressive, depended entirely upon the temper and disposition of those who administrated it. All power, legisla- tive, judicial and executive, was concentrated in the Governor and Judges, and in its exercise they were responsible only to the distant Federal head. The expenses of the Government were defrayed in part by the United States, but were principally drawn from the pockets of the people in the shape of fees. 208 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. This temporary system, however unfriendly as it seems to liberty, was, perhaps, so established upon sufficient reasons. The Federal Constitution had not then been adopted, and there were strong apprehensions that the people of I! the Territory might not be disposed to organize States and apply for admission into the Union. It was, therefore, a matter of policy so to frame the Territorial system as to create some strong motives to draw them into the Union, as States, j| in due time. Jj The first acts of Territorial legislation wei’e passed at Marietta, then the only American settlement northwest of the Ohio. The Governor and Judges | did not strictly confine themselves within the limits of their legislative author- ity, as prescribed by the ordinance. When they could not find laws of the original States suited to the condition of the country, they supplied the want by enactments of their own. The earliest laws, from 1788 to 1795, were all thus enacted. The laws of 1788 provided for the organization of the militia; for the establishment of inferior courts ; for the punishment of crimes, and for the limitations of actions ; prescribed the duties of ministerial officers; regu- lated marriages, and appointed oaths of office. That the Governor and Judges in the enactment of these laws, exceeded their authority, without the slightest disposition to abuse it, may be inferred from the fact that except two, which had been previously repealed, they were all confirmed by the first Territorial Legislature. At this period there was no seat of government, properly called. The Governor resided at Cincinnati, but laws were passed whenever they seemed to be needed, and promulgated at any place where the Territorial legislators hap- pened to be assembled. Before the year of 1795, no laws were, strictly speak- ing, adopted. Most of them were framed by the Governor and Judges to answer particular public ends; while in the enactmant of others, including all the laws of 1792, the Secretary of the Territory discharged, under the author- ity of an act of Congress, the functions of the Governor. The earliest laws, as has been already stated, were published at Marietta. Of the remainder, a few were published at Vincennes, and the rest at Cincinnati. In the year 1789, the first Congress passed an act recognizing the binding force of the ordinance of 1787, and adapting its provisions to the Federal Con- stitution. This act provided that the communications dii’ected in the ordinance to be made to Congress or its officers, by the Governor, should thenceforth be made to the President, and that the authority to appoint with the consent of the Senate, and commission officers, before that time appointed and commis- sioned by Congress, should likewise be vested in that officer. It also gave the Territorial Secretary the power already mentioned, of acting in certain cases, in the place of the Governor. In 1792, Congress passed another act giving to the Governor and Judges authority to repeal, at their discretion, the laws by / HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 209 them made; and enabling a single Judge of the general court, in the absence of his brethren, to hold the terms. At this time the Judges appointed by the national Executive constituted the Supreme Court of the Territory. They were commissioned during good behavior; and their judicial jurisdiction extended over the whole region north- west of the Ohio. The court, thus constituted, was fixed at no certain place, and its process, civil and criminal, was returnable wheresoever it might be in the Territory. Inferior to this court were the County Courts of Common Pleas, and the General Quarter Sessions of the Peace. The former consisted of any number of Judges, not less than three nor more than seven, and had a general common-law jurisdiction, concurrent, in the respective counties, with that of the Supreme Court; the latter consisted of a number of Justices for each county, to be determined by the Governor, who were required to hold three terms in every year, and had a limited criminal jurisdiction. Single Judges of the Common Pleas, and single Justices of the Quarter Sessions, were also clothed with certain civil and criminal powers to be exercised out of court. Besides these courts, each county had a Judge of Probate, clothed with the ordinary jurisdiction of a Probate Court. Such was the original constitution of courts and distribution of judicial power in the Northwestern Territory. The expenses of the system were de- frayed in part by the National Government, and in part by assessments upon the counties, but principally by fees, which were payable to every officer con- cerned in the administration of justice, from the Judges of the General Court downward. In 1795, the Governor and Judges undertook to revise the Territorial laws, and to establish a complete system of statutory jurisprudence, by adoptions from the laws of the original States, in strict conformity to the provisions of the ordinance. For this purpose they assembled at Cincinnati, in June, and continued in session until the latter part of August. The judiciary system un- derwent some changes. The General Court was fixed at Cincinnati and Marietta, and a Circuit Court was established with power to try, in the several counties, issues in fact depending before the superior tribunal, where alone causes could be finally decided. Orphans’ Courts, too, were established, with jurisdiction analogous to but more extensive than that of a Judge of Probate. Laws were also adopted to regulate judgments and executions, for limitation of actions, for the distribution of intestate estates, and for many other general purposes. Finally, as if with a view to create some great reservoir, from which, whatever principles and powers had been omitted in the particular acts, might be drawn according to the exigency of circumstances, the Governor and Judges adopted a law, providing that the common law of England and all general statutes in aid of the common law, prior to the fourth year of James I, should be in full force within the Territory. The law thus adopted was an act of the Virginia Legislature, passed before the Declaration of Independence, when Virginia was 210 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. yet a British colony, and at the time of its adoption had been repealed so far as it related to the English statutes. The other laws of 1795 Avere principally derived from the statute hook ol Pennsylvania. The system thus adopted, was not without many imperfections and blemishes, but it may be doubted whether any colony, at so early a period f after its first establishment, ever had one so good. And how gratifying is the retrospect, how cheering the prospect which even this sketch, brief and partial as it is, presents! On a surface, covered less than half a century ago by the trees of the primeval forest, a State has grown up from colonial infancy to freedom, independence and strength. But thirty years have elapsed since that State, with hardly sixty thousand inhabitants, was admitted into the American Union. Of the twenty-four States which form that Union, she is now the fourth in respect to population. In other respects, her rank is even higher. Already her resources have been adequate, not only to the expense of government and instruction, but to the construction of long lines of canals. Her enterprise has realized the startling prediction of the poet, who, in 1787, when Ohio was yet a wilderness, foretold the future con- nection of the Hudson with the Ohio. And these results are attributable mainly to her institutions. The spirit of the oi’dinance of 1787 prevades them all. Who can estimate the benefits which have flowdd from the interdiction by that instrument of slavery and of legislative interference with private contracts? One consequence is, that the soil of Ohio bears up none but freemen ; another, that a stern and honorable t regard to private rights and public morals characterizes her legislation. There is hardly a page in the statute book of which her sons need be ashamed. The great doctrine of equal rights is everywhere recognized in her constitution and j, her laws. Almost every father of a family in this State has a freehold interest in the soil, but this interest is not necessary to entitle him to a voice in the concerns of government. Every man may vote; every man is eligible to any office. And this unlimited extension of the elective franchise, so far from pro- (J during any evil, has ever constituted a safe and sufficient check upon injurious legislation. Other causes of her prosperity may be found in her fertile soil, in her felicitous position, and especially in her connection with the union of the J: States. All these springs of growth and advancement are permanent, and upon a most gratifying prospect of the future. They pi’omise an advance in ; population, wealth, intelligence and moral worth as permanent as the existence of the State itself. They promise to the future citizens of Ohio the blessings of good government, wise legislation and universal instruction. More than all, they are pledges that in all future, as in all past circumstances, Ohio will cleave fast to the national constitution and the national Union, and that her growing energies will on no occasion, be more willingly or powerfully put forth, than in the support and maintenance of both in unimpaired vigor and strength. PART FIRST. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Chapters I to XII inclusive, and the article on the Mexican war in Chapter XIII of the general history of Montgomery County, and Chapters I to V inclu- sive, on the city of Dayton, are from the pen of Ashley Brown, of Dayton. THE PUBLISHERS. DR JOHN TREON HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAPTER I . The Mound-Builders — Earthworks and Evidences of Antiquity — Location of Mounds in Montgomery County — Title to Lands of the Northwest — Indian Title to Ohio Valley and Lower Lake Region — The French Title — The English Title — French -English War for Possession — English Acquire Possession — Expeditions into the Indian Country — Northwest Territory in Control of the British in 1775 - -But Indians had not Ceded Any of Their Rights — George Rogers Clark’s Expedi- tion to Illinois — Fort McIntosh and Laurens — Great Britain’s Quit- Claim to Lands Northwest of the Ohio. I N writing the history of Montgomery County, it may not be necessary to go back of the time when the whites began to maneuver for possession of lands west of the Alleghany Mountains; yet it may be interesting to begin the work by appropriating information collected through the intelligent research of our best historians. Although there is the greatest latitude for theories, the ages that must have elapsed between the time that this Great West was peopled by the Mound- Builders, and the advent of the pre-historic tribes of Indians, the predecessors of the earliest tribes of whom history gives us knowledge, have prevented most writers from yielding to the temptation to speculate as to the character, condi- tion and surroundings of that mysterious race, or as to the time they occupied these Western lands. It was in that long, long ago, whose history may never be written. There is nothing as yet developed to justify a hope that memorials may yet be found to enlighten us as to the events of their origin, customs, num- bers, mode of life, and disappearance. They came here, lived for many genera- tions, flourished, and have passed away, leaving mounds, earthworks and forti- fications, as monuments of their existence. These Mound-Builders occupied the whole territory of the present State of Ohio; their earthworks still remain in good condition, and may be found in every valley of the State, and crowning the hilltops in every direction. Some of them are very large; large and small, there are about ten thousand of them still to be found in Ohio. Whether some were constructed as works of defense ; others by the warriors of an invading army; some as memorial mounds or sepulchers; and others for religious celebrations, we can only surmise. To us they are only the relics and ruins of an extinct race. The chief evidences of their antiquity lie in the fact that the Indians of the last century had no knowledge, traditions or legends, of the existence of 216 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. those nations; trees that are 600 years old are still growing upon some of the earthworks. In the mounds are found articles of pottery, ornaments, silver, gold, and implements of war. Archgeologists agree that these works and mounds were built ages ago, by a powerful nation, who were either invading or occupying these Western lands; therefore, so far as the title to the Ohio lands is concerned, we may say that in the beginning were the Mound-Builders. How the title passed from them to those who came after is not known; it is all surmise as to whether greater nations came in and conquered the country, or whether they, after centuries of possession, became demoralized, degener- ated, and divided into tribes, who sunk lower into savage life and barbarism. Certain it is that many, many years elapsed after the Mound- Builders had dis- appeared until the ancestors of the earliest Indian tribes known to history came to inhabit the forests of the Northwest. We cannot devote space to a description of important works and mounds throughout the State, but will as briefly as possible refer to those still in exist- ence in this county. In the Twin Creek Valley, German Township, about two miles south of Germantown, on a commanding bluff, is an earthwork or fortification inclosing about twenty-five acres of land. Near the fort are small mounds, as though for signal stations or lookouts. At Miamisburg, on the east side of the Miami Kiver, is one of the largest mounds in the West; it is symmetrical in form, sixty-eight feet high, and 800 feet around the base. In the early days of the settlement at Hole’s Station, the mound was covered with forest trees, a big maple growing from the top. By archgeologists it is supposed to be the sepulcher of a chief or ruler of the Mound-Builders. Two miles north of the mound is an earthwork, doubtless a military work, circular in form, inclosing a large tract of nearly level ground; formerly a covered way, or parallel embankments, connected the main work with the river, showing that the inclosure was constructed for military defense. In Van Bm’en Township, two miles southwest of Dayton, on top of the hill west of Calvary Cemetery, at the corner where the canal running west turns south, are earthworks evidently erected for the defense of that as a point of observation. From it there is a commanding view for miles up and down the valley, and of the range of hills to the west of the river. In the Wolf Creek Valley, in Madison Township, there are a number of mounds, none of them now over fifteen feet high. Human skeletons have been found in any of the mounds that were opened, and beneath the bones were beds of charcoal. THE INDIAN TITLE TO THE OHIO VALLEY AND LOWER LAKE REGION. The wigwams and villages of the once powerful Eries lined the southern shore of Lake Erie, and we learn from Indian traditions that their merciless enemies, the Six Nations, at the foot of the lake, crossed in great fleets of canoes, with such a host of fierce warriors, as to conquer the country and utterly destroy the nation of Eries. The Twightwees (afterward known as the Miamis), the Wyandots (called Hurons by the French) and the Delawares then became the powerful tribes ; the Shawnee nation emigrated in a body from the Southeast; these, with the other Ohio tribes, were in peaceful possession of the soil about the year 1700, from which time we have more reliable record of events. Whether by conquest or succession, or whether they came to this as an un- inhabited wilderness, or whatever may have been results of wars among the In- dian tribes and nations of this country, and whatever way have been their loca- / HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 217 tion and tribal relations, we are bound to concede that their titles to this continent were clear and perfect. This, also, was the situation exactly in the territory north of the Ohio River, and between the Mississippi River and the Alleghany Mountains, when, in 1740, the French began to more completely occupy the country within those bounds. Neither the French nor English contemplated settlement or improvement of that territory, except to control the Indian trade in pelts. The powerful confederacy of tribes in Western New York, known as the Six Nations, called Iroquois by the French, by the English, Mingoes, consisted of the following-named tribes: Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, Sene- cas and the Tuscaroras. One or two other tribes were afterward united with the confederacy, but it was always known as the Six Nations. As opposed to the Six Nations, the Miami Confederacy was a union of tribes that could be readily concentrated on the Maumee, or at the head-waters of the Great Miami River. This Miami Confederacy was composed of the following-named tribes: Miamis, Wyandots, Pottawatomies, Ottawas and Shawnees. The Delaware and Chippewa tribes at times made common cause with the Miamis against the incursions of the Six Nations, as did also the Weas and Eel River Indians, the Kickapoos, Munsees, and other Wabash tribes; to these in the wars against the whites in later years were united the Seven Nations of Canada, the Indians of the Upper Lake tribes, and the Illinois Indians. During the war between the French and the English, or after that, but before 1792, the Senecas, a powerful tribe, composed mostly of Senecas, but in which there were many Indians from the other tribes of the Six Nations of New York, came West and located on the Sandusky River, near where the city of Sandusky now is. The Sac Indians seem to have been included as a tribe of the Miami Con- federacy in a treaty made at Fort Harmar in 1789, by Gov. St. Clair, with the Six Miami Nations, but they never appear again in negotiations or wars until in 1804, we find them west of the Mississippi River, where the tribe was granted a reservation by the Government. The claim of the Six Nations of New York to the country along the south shore of Lake Erie to the Detroit River, was based upon an invasion of that region by them some time between the years 1673 and 1680. There can be no doubt that 'they did meet and conquer all of the tribes as far west as the Wa- bash, and possibly to the Mississippi River; and that they did plant one or two colonies in the lands between Lake Erie and the Ohio River; yet they had no just claim to the territory, from the fact that, after their return to their lands in New York, the Ohio tribes had undisputed possession and rule. Their claim to the Ohio Yalley may have been based upon a similar victo- rious expedition, but there is no evidence to show this, except the fact, that, for some reason, at the time the whites began coming into the valley, there were but one or two Indian villages on or near the banks of the Ohio, the tribes being generally located from sixty to eighty miles back in the interior. The claim of the Six Nations to the Western lands was never recognized by any authorities, except by the English, who needed some basis for a claim of their own. After the Revolution, when the United States desired control of this terri- tory, they treated with the Ohio tribes alone. The title to the Ohio lands rested in the following-named tribes: Shaw r - nees, Wyandots, Miamis, Pottawatomies, Ottawas, Sacs, Delawares, Chippewas, Senecas, of Sandusky, and Munsees; the Weas and Eel River Indians also had some interest that was recognized. With all of them, as w’ell as all other of the Western and Northern tribes, the French were upon the most friendly terms. 218 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. THE FRENCH TITLE. All of the vast territory west of the Alleghanies and north of the Ohio River, together with the Canadian country, was, by reason of the explorations of Mar- '' quette and Joliet, in 1678, and of the subsequent military expeditions of La Salle, claimed as French territory, and placed under the government of Fron- tenac, the Governor General of Canada, or New France. French Jesuit missionaries closely followed these movements, and, by their || mild, conciliatory course, obtained great influence over most of the stronger jj tribes of Western Indians. Thus to the French Government in Canada was thrown open the valuable extent of country now included within the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and so much of Minnesota lying east of the Mississippi River. In 1701, De la Motte Cadillac, with a force of a hundred men, built Fort Pontchartrain, on the Detroit River, and within the next twenty years a chain of forts and trading stations were built by the French from the upper lakes across to the Mississippi, and on down to their settlements 1 in Louisiana; most of them were garrisoned by small detachments of troops; ! and at some of them Catholic schools were established. Afterward, a chain of similar posts was constructed to protect a line of communication up the Ohio to the Wabash, thence up that valley and via the Maumee Valley to Fort Pont- chartrain. There is some authority, yet not much of detail, tending to fix the year 1735 as the time that the post at Vincennes was established; but there is very little to show that that line was ever very much used as a channel of communi- cation between the French possessions in the Northwest and their Lower Mississippi stations. About 1740, the French located a military post at Presque Isle (now Erie, Penn.), to control trading stations along the southern shore of Lake Erie, and as a base for operations down through the Ohio Valley; although it was not a point of much importance until six or eight years after it was built. English traders from Pennsylvania and Virginia crossed the mountains in 1740 to trade with the tribes on the Ohio River and adjacent territory; in 1744, the treaty of Lancaster was made; in 1748, the Ohio Company was organized to settle land on the south side of the Ohio River, above the mouth of the Kanaw- ha. Appreciating that the result of these movements would be a loss to France of all the Ohio Valley lands, the Governor of Canada at once determined to per- fect the French title by placing along the Ohio River evidences of their claim. To this end, in the summer of 1749, Capt. Celeron, with 300 soldiers, was ordered to march from Presque Isle across the portage to French Creek, and on down to the Alleghany and Ohio, then down that valley to the Mississippi, to plant in the river banks, near the mouths of streams, and in other prominent places, plates of lead, on which were engraved, in plain letters the claims of France to all the lands of the Ohio Valley and its tributaries. These plates were about a foot long, nearly eight inches wide, and a qnar ter of an inch thick. They were buried at the various points, and a wooden cross erected over each; and thus did the French, for Louis XV, take formal possession of the Ohio Valley, and of all the streams emptying into it. While engaged on this expedition, Celeron, the commander of the detach- ment, officially notified Gov. Hamilton, of Pennsylvania, to prevent further tres- passing on French territory. One of these plates of lead, that had been planted probably at the mouth of French Creek, and shortly afterward dug up by the Indians, bore the date July 29, 1749. In the summer of 1798, another was found at the mouth of the Muskingum River, by some boys in swimming; a similar plate was found, in March, 1846, on the south bank of the Ohio River, just above the mouth of the HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 219 Kanawha. After accomplishing the object of the expedition, the detachment marched up the Wabash Biver, and across to Detroit. The next year, 1750, the French strengthened the works at Presque Isle; built Fort Le Beouf at the little lake at the head of French Creek; then at the old Indian town Venango, at the mouth of the creek, they began the construc- tion of Fort Venango. Strong garrisons were stationed at each of them, and trading stations were established; and a force was kept at the junction of the Monongahela and Alleghany Bivers to keep English traders out of the Ohio Valley. For four years, the French were at work upon fortifications along the line from Fort Venango down the Alleghany and Ohio to the Mississippi, so that, when the war broke out between them and the English, they had strong forts, well garrisoned, as follows: Presque Isle, Le Beouf, Venango, Du Quesne, Mouth of the Wabash, Mouth of the Ohio, Vincennes, Pontchartrain, Miami on the Maumee, Sandusky, and on the upper lakes, in Illinois and on the Mississippi. They had complete pos- session of the whole Northwest; the Indian tribes were either friendly or neu- tral; there could be no fairer claim than the French had to the Ohio Valley. THE ENGLISH TITLE. Great Britain regarded her title to all of the lands west of the colonies to the Pacific Ocean as good, by right of original discovery and settlement along the Atlantic coast, where, with little respect for the rights of Indians, colo- nies had been located and governments organized for them. The home government was deficient in knowledge as to the geography of the new continent, but made grants of large tracts of lands west of the colonies, through by parallel lines to the South Sea, or to the Pacific Ocean. Gov. Spotswood, of Virginia, had, in 1710, caused some observations to be made through the mountain passes of the Alleghanies, with a view to more complete exploration and occupation of the country beyond by the English. Gov. Keith, of Pennsylvania, had at various times from 1719 to 1731, tried to impress upon the home government the necessity of strengthening the claim to these Western lands; very little was done, however, and the fates were left to take of the future for the Western wilds. Prior to 1740, therefore, the English Government and people were almost entirely ignorant of the value of the region west of the mountains and north of the Ohio Biver; the colonists, however, were not so indifferent. Vague infor- mation had come in through English traders, who had crossed the mountains to the Ohio in 1740, and learned from Indians of the operations of the French around Presque Isle. John Howard, a Virginian, descended the Ohio in 1742, in a canoe, and was captured on the Mississippi by the French; he was the first Englishman to explore the Western country, but this could give Great Britain no claim to the territory, for he made no settlement, and the Freneh were then practically in possession of the West, and, as we have shown, were pushing to fully occupy the country, to the exclusion of all others. With this situation, then, Great Britain’s claim by right of discovery could not alone be relied on. Lord Howard, Governor of Virginia, had, in 1684, induced the Six Nations to place themselves under the protection of England; this treaty was renewed in 1701. In 1726, a deed was executed by the chiefs of the Six Nations, con- veying to England all their lands in trust, “ to be protected and defended by His Majesty, to and for the use of the grantors, and their heirs.” At Lancaster, Penn., in 1744, were assembled Commissioners from Mary- land and Virginia, the Governor of Pennsylvania also being present, and 250 220 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Indians of the Six Nations, with their squaws and children, to renew former treaties. After liberally supplying the Indians with whisky and wine for six days, the Maryland Commissioners opened the goods with which they desired to buy the Indian claims to the lands on which settlements had been made; an- other spree of two days was necessary before the Indians were in condition to i execute the deed. The part the Virginia Commissioners were to play was to induce the Indians to acknowledge “ the King’s right to all the lands that then were, or by His Majesty’s appointment shall be, within the colony of Virginia.” Sufficient “fire-water” was again issued to induce the Indians to release all claim to the lands. For the sale to the Marylanders, the savages received, as consideration, goods valued at £220. For the quit-claim to the Virginians, they were paid £200 in gold, and a like sum in goods, with the promise that, as the settlements were extended, more money should be paid. Under this treaty and purchase, the English supported their claim to an unlimited extent of country in the West; but at a subsequent treaty, held in 1752, at Logstown, an Indian village on the Ohio side of the Ohio River, seven- teen miles below Fort Du Quesne, the Indians declared that “ the Lancaster treaty did not cede any lands west of the first range of hills on the east side of the Alleghany Mountains; ” they agreed, however, not to disturb any settlements that might be made on the southeast side of the Ohio River; and that was sat- isfactory to the Virginians, as confirming the Lancaster treaty in its fullest extent. WAR BETWEEN FRENCH AND ENGLISH FOR POSSESSION OF THE NORTHWEST. The occupation of the Northwest by the French; opening of trading sta- tions and construction of forts to protect them; the perfect lines of communica- tion by water; and all the attending advantages of monopoly of trade, and con- trol of this vast fertile country of the West, alarmed the English, lest the French should gain a foothold of which they could not easily be dispossessed. Preparations for the contest, and dispositions for advantage, were made by both nations; Presque Isle was to be the base of operations for the French, for the lake regions and down the Ohio Valley. The Ohio Land Company was chartered in 1748, as a check to French ag- gressions and settlements; the next year, a small party of English traders, with a stock of goods, descended the Ohio to the mouth of the Great Miami River, and proceeded up that stream to the portage at the head-waters of the Miami and St. Mary’s Rivers, and there established a trading post, building a stockade or block-house for defense, sixteen miles northwest of Sidney. The passage up the Miami of these traders is the first record there is of the presence of white men anywhere in the Miami Valley. As the Indian hunting and war parties traveled mostly in canoes, the early trading stations W9re located at the portages, as the thoroughfares over which such parties must pass, and where pelts and grain could conveniently be brought for exchange. This trading post was afterward known as Loramie’s store. Loramie was a Frenchman, who came there after the English were driven out. It was an important point for three-quarters of a century afterward — first as a trading station, then as the location of large Indian villages and farms, where large quantities of grain, tobacco, &c., were raised and stored. It was the scene of many fierce battles; was several times destroyed by the whites and rebuilt by the Indians. It was at the head of navigation on the Miami River, and, in the war of 1812, was the point at which supplies were unloaded to be hauled across the portage to St. Mary’s; and, from 1809 to the time of the completion of the canal, was on the line of communication by water between the Ohio River and HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 221 Lake Erie; the unloading of the little fleets of batteaux made that a point of considerable activity and business importance. The Ohio Company sent out Christopher Gist as an explorer in the fall of 1750; Sunday, February 17, 1751, he, with George Croghan, Andrew Montour and Bobert Kallender, reached the Great Miami Biver and remained at the trading post for some time, studying the character of the country and forming friendly relations with the Indian tribes. The next year, a French force was stationed at the forks of the Ohio to keep the valley clear of traders and settlers ; learning of the trading post on the Miami, they crossed the country and demanded of the Miami Indians the sur- render of the traders as intruders upon French lands. The Indians refused to deliver up their friends, and prepared for battle with the invaders. The French, with a number of Indian allies from the Ottawa and Chippewa tribes, attacked the trading house and stockade; a fierce, bloody fight ensued; fourteen savages were killed, and many wounded; the English traders were capt- ured and taken as prisoners to Canada. The stockade and buildings were de- [ stroyed; the goods and other plunder were carried off. For thirty years after this, the Miami Yalley remained undisturbed, except by hunting parties from tribes to the North and West, for winter supplies of meat. Pennsylvania afterward made a donation of £200 to the Miamis, for the brave defense of the traders from that colony. From Presque Isle, the French troops marched south to the Alleghany in the spring of 1754, and, on the 17th of April, surprised the Virginians, who were building a fort at the forks of the Ohio, taking all prisoners, but releas- ing them shortly afterward. The captors at once finished building the fort, and called it Du Quesne, in honor of the then Governor General of Canada. The bloody history of Fort Du Quesne, as the key to the Western situation, is made up by criminal mistakes of the English, and the awkward campaigns of the French. The results of Braddock’s disastrous expedition are well known; being absolutely ignorant of Indian warfare, he rejected the advice of Washington and other Virginians who had been fighting the savages all their lives. Braddock O O O O was led into an ambush, his army totally routed and he killed. In 1756, a garrison of French troops was stationed at a small fort at the mouth of the Scioto Biver; above and below it were the Shawnee towns. Early in the year 1758, the Indians were not so zealous in the cause of the French; their friendship began to waver; the tide of success was changing in favor of the English. In the last week of November, Fort Du Quesne was abandoned and burned by the French; the English troops at once occupied the place and began rebuilding it. It had been a mere stockade, unfit to resist a siege or attachs of artillery. In the following year, a substantial fort was built, costing the British Government £60,000 sterling. The name was changed to that of Fort Pitt. From the fall of Fort Du Quesne, active hostilities in the West ceased; the French troops retreated down the Ohio Biver; peace was made with most of the Western tribes; and the forts and trading posts were garrisoned by the English. The treaty of Paris was concluded February 10, 1763, by which the French relinquished her possessions in the Canadas, and the territory lying east of the Mississippi down to the thirty first degree of latitude. As the Indians had not released their right to any of the lands south of the lakes, this treaty was in fact but a quit claim to the English. The feelings of the tribes on this subject can be fully given in the following speech, made by one of the most prominent chiefs in the lake region: “Englishmen! Although you have conquered the French, you have not yet conquered us! AVe are not your slaves! These lakes, these woods, these 222 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. mountains, were left to us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance, and we will part with them to none. Your nation supposes that we, like the white peo- ple, cannot live without bread and pork and beef. But you ought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided food for us upon these broad lakes and in these mountains.” English traders began at once to push through the forests to the Indian villages, and the savages realized they were coming to possess the country. Under the great Ottawa chieftain, Pontiac, the tribes of the West combined to drive out the invaders; the warriors, at a designated time, surrounded the forts, and all but Detroit were surrendered to the savages, who murdered the prisoners, soldiers and citizens alike. Forts Pitt and Niagara were saved; but the savages pushed into the settlements along the frontier, killing the inhabit- ants, burning the buildings, and destroying everything they could not carry off. Their failure to take the three most important forts discouraged the Indians, and in the fall the tribes separated. The next spring, an expedition under Col. Bouquet was sent in the Ohio country, and one under Gen. Bradstreet in the north along Lake Erie; all of the tribes again sued for peace, and quiet was restored. Two years later, settlers again crossed the mountains for the West. In 1768, the treaty of Fort Stanwix -was made, by which the Six Na- tions of New York released their title to lands south of the Ohio, and quiet pre- vailed until the year 1774, when the whites in the settlements aronnd Fort Pitt committed many cruel acts against the Indians, murdering many warriors, squaws and children, and preparations for war were made by savages and whites. Because of hostilities growing out of these acts, two expeditions were or- ganized in Virginia to march into .the Ohio country; the one under Gov. Dun- more, from Fort Pitt ; the other under Gen. Andrew Lewis, from the Greenbrier Valley. At the mouth of the Kanawha River, Gen. Lewis was attacked by the celebrated chief, Cornstalk, of the Shawnees, with a thousand of his warriors; the savages were repulsed with great slaughter, the loss on both sides being about equal. The two armies united and camped on the Pickaway Plains, where Gov. Dunmore made peace with the Indians, and negotiated for the return of white prisoners that were held by the savages, the Shawnees further agreeing not to hunt south of the Ghio, nor molest travelers on the river. When the war of the Revolution began, the French settlements in the Illi- nois country were in a flourishing condition. Detroit was the British post in the North, and had a population of about three hundred, besides the garrison; all of the northwest country was in control of the British; although the territory now included within the States of Ohio and Indiana was substantially in possession of the Indians, who had steadily refused ho cede to the whites any of the lands northwest of the Ohio; and, id the preparations for the struggle between the colonies and old England, gener- ally inclined to the British. The efforts of the colonial authorities were to keep the savages from forming an alliance with the British, thus averting horrible savage warfare and butchery along the frontiers, the Indians themselves only remaining neutral until partial results should develop which was the stronger side. Warriors from all of the tribes removed toward the head of Lake Erie, to be near the British, with whom they intended to operate; most of the In- dians, however, remained to hold their lands — a country so dear to them that it is no wonder they defended it with such obstinacy against the incursions of the whites. For this they need no excuses. In 1778, George Rogers Clark’s first expedition down the Ohio into the Illinois country was made to get possession of the British posts in that section. In the summer, Fort McIntosh was built on the north side of the Ohio, just be- HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 223 low Fort Pitt. It was the first fort built by the whites north of the Ohio, and was intended as a base of operations against the Lake Erie Indians. The same year, Fort Laurens was built, at the Tuscarawas portage. This expedition, and the building of these two forts, was part of a plan for a campaign against hostile Indians on the Sandusky Plains; the disastrous result caused uneasiness and anxiety among all of the Ohio tribes and white settlements of the West. By the treaty of peace, proclaimed in 1783, Great Britain acknowledged the sovereignty of this country, and whatever title she had in the Northwestern Territory passed to the United States ; but we have already shown how flimsy her title was. It was not even that of conquest, for the Indians had never been conquered, nor had they in any way surrendered a foot of the lands north of the Ohio. England simply had a quit-claim of jurisdiction from the French, and that was the chararter of the title that the United States acquired. Virginia’s claim to these Western lands was no more tenable; the Indian o rowners of the soil always protested and fought against it. It was not by ag- gressions of the whites, not by planting of settlements in the territory, that a 'clear title was to be acquired, as the history of subsequent events will show. The record of such events, and of the Indian treaties made by the Govern- ment in the earlier years of the settlement of the Northwest Territory and State of Ohio, will be given further along, in the order of accomplishment. By them, good and clear titles were fairly acquired by the United States. 224 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAPTER II. The Miami Valley — Military Events that Influenced Its Settlement — The Common Hunting-Grounds for the Tribes — Description of Streams, Hills and Bottoms — Colonists Pushing Through to the West — Capt. Bullit— Indian Alarm and Hostilities — Col. Bowman’s Expedition to Old Chillicothe — Speedy Retaliation — Hard Winter of 1780' — Location of Ohio Tribes — Their Strength — Noted Chieftains — Indian Village Life — Manners, Customs and Conditions — Hunting, Trapping, Fishing — War Parties — Cruelties. I T is ] iroper, iu writing the history of Montgomery County, to give the mili tary necessities and events that influenced the settlement of the Miami Valley. The territory lying between the Miami Rivers, with the Ohio on the south and Mad River at the north, has not been occupied by Indian villages or wig- wams since the year 1700. The valley seems to have been reserved by common consent of the tribes as hunting grounds from which to supply their war parties and villages with meat. Over hill and dale stretched a dense, undisturbed for- est; scattered through it were little patches of prairie and areas of wet land. Arrow heads, implements and other Indian relics, formerly so often found on the hills and in the fields, and even now occasionally picked up, must have been left here years before that. Bands of warriors, in passing up and down, used one of the two trails; the one west of the Big Miami, the other east of the Little Miami River, running north from the Ohio River to the Shawnee towns, at Old Chillicothe (three miles north of Xenia), the Piqua towns on the Mad River seventeen miles above Dayton, and on up to the Mackacheek towns at the head-waters of Mad River; the trail to the west from the Ohio below the mouth of the Big Miami lead- ing on up, passing west of Hamilton, just east of Eaton, through Fort Jefferson and Greenville, to the portage at Loramie, and branching from there to the vil- lages north and west. The head-waters of the two .vliamis, Scioto, Mad River, Stillwater, the Wabash, Maumee and Sandusky Rivers, drain the same level lands of Central Ohio and Indiana. In the early days, they were the black swamp lands, the storage ponds, the sources of supply, that kept the rivers at a tolerably even stage of water through the summer seasons. After continued rains, the whole Miami Valley would be inundated, sometimes for weeks. Drifting sand and gravel, forming bars, often changed the channel. The prin- ripal feeders of the Big Miami on the west were Loramie’s Creek, Stillwater (formerly known as the Southwest Branch), Twin Creek and Whitewater; all of them navigable for batteaux and flat boats. Beautiful, clear running Mad River is the only stream of any consequence that drains from the east; originating in a little crystal lake, it is fed all the way by springs and rapid little branches. The broad Miami Valley was a con- tinuation of rolling, heavily wooded lands, the forest opening here and there into moist levels of waving wild grasses. The rich bottoms were not so heavily timbered, were quite free of undergrowth, yet covered with a tangled mass ol vines, bushes and weeds. A wild region in its natural state was this valley at the time of the French movements for control of the territory and its Indian trade; and subsequently, during the English campaigns against the French, Robert Bradford (deceased) WASHINGTON , TP. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 227 -the movement of troops was to the eastward, and the Miami country still remained undisturbed, excepting by the English traders who located at the Loramie port- ae in 1749, and the capture of that post by the French three years later. The war furnished the opportunity to the colonists to learn more of the Western country, and the information acquired increased the desire to go West. As early as 1771, the glowing descriptions of the beauty and fertility of Kentucky lands determined many of the more venturesome to seek there for homes. In the year 1773, a company of Virginians accompanied a surveying party down the Kanawha and Ohio to Limestone Creek, where Maysville now stands. At that point, Capt. Thomas Bullit left the party, and alone crossed ,into Ohio, and on up through the woods to the Shawnee town, Old Chillicothe, to get consent of the Indians for his intended settlement at the falls of the Ohio. He was not seen by the Indians until he arrived in the town, waving a white handkerchief as a flag of truce. The savages, although thoroughly surprised, ; crowded around him to ascertain his business; and from the novelty of his com- ing, the courage displayed, and the pleasant address of the Captain, they quickly ibecam 9 friendly, consenting to his proposed settlement south of the Ohio. , Thus fully successful, he returned to his party and descended with them to the falls. As other settlers began to arrive in the West, and it was demon- strated to the Indians that their hunting-grounds would be interfered with, and that, unless emigration were checked, settlements would be made north of the Ohio, they commenced hostilities against the whites. Boats along the Ohio River were constantly being attacked, and the emigrants murdered; explorers 'and other small parties were killed and scalped wherever found. Retaliation quickly followed, attended by all the horrors of savage border warfare. A history of these thrilling events, occurring as the tide of emigration to Kentucky lands increased, gradually, from the year 1775 until the treaty at Fort Harrnar in .1789, would require more space than is deemed proper to devote in giving the record of events that influenced the settlement of this county. Whatever may have led to the unfriendly situation between the whites and the savages of the West, certain it is that, after the cold blooded murder at Point Pleasant, in the summer of 1777, of Cornstalk, the great chieftain of the Scioto Shawn ees, the young warrior, Red Hawk, and Ellinipsico, the son of Cornstalk, ;there could be no hope of peace. The settlements in Kentucky suffered terribly from incursions of war parties from the savage tribes of the North, creating a malignant spirit of revenge among the whites that led to acts of brutality scarcely less atrocious than the 'cruelties of the savages. The British commander at Fort Detroit encouraged the formation of war parties for attacks upon emigrants along the Upper Ohio, and for murderous expeditions against the feeble stations in Kentucky. The trails leading south on the east side of the Little Miami and on the west side of the Big Miami were constantly used by the warriors, while they .were supplied with meat by parties in the valleys. They would cross the Ohio, attack small stations in Kentucky, carry off prisoners and plunder, retreat rapidly, and thus escape punishment. In 1778, Daniel Boone was captured in Kentucky by one of these parties and taken to the Shawnee town at Old Chil licothe, near Xenia. In the summer of the same year, these Indians formed an | expedition of 450 warriors to attack Boonesboro, in Kentucky. Boone escaped from them and notified the inhabitants of their coming. His escape caused a delay of the expedition for several weeks. On the 8th of August, about five hundred warriors, armed and painted, appeared before the fort at Boonesboro and demanded its immediate surrender; Capt. Du Quesne, a British officer, was in command of the invaders, and a British flag was their I standard. Good treatment was guaranteed if the post was surrendered, but, if B 228 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. resistance were offered, no quarter could be expected. After two days’ parley, Boone notified Du Quesne that he and his comrades were prepared to defend the fort to the last. The attack was commenced at once, and lasted ten days, resulting in a final repulse of the enemy with a loss of thirty seven killed and many wounded. The loss to the garrison was two men killed and four wounded. During the spring of the next year (1779), the woods were filled with small bands of Indians; the Kentucky settlements were kept in constant excitement. Large war parties came from the north in canoes down the Great Miami River. Gamps were formed at the mouth of Hole’s Greek, and at the “ big prairie” be- low Middletown. Then the savages divided into smaller bands to annoy emi- grant boats along the Ohio, and the stations over about Lexington, Ky. The Indians seemed to have grown desperate in their efforts to regain con- trol of the Ohio Valley, and their devilish ingenuity was constantly devoloping fresh outrages and barbarous ways of torture. In July, these scalping parlies were so numerous, and had grown so bold in their operations, that it became necessary to organize a force for protection. Col. John Bowman was given the command, and it was decided to march to the Shawnee town, Old Chillicothe, J on the Little Miami River. Crossing the Ohio at the mouth of the Licking j 1 River, the force of 160 men made a rapid march, arriving near the Indian town i the second night, without being discovered. At daylight, the attack was made, but, from mismanagement, ended in a repulse. A number of ponies were capt- ured, sufficient to mount the entire command, and the retreat was at once ordered. They were closely pursued by the Indians until they had recrossed the Ohio River, having lost nine men. This, the first expedition into the Miami Valley by the frontiersmen, was unsuccessful, and, as it turned out, was extremely unfortunate. The warriors 1 remained along the Ohio between the two Miamis for some time, and were there in October, when Col. David Rogers and Capt. Robert Benham, with a hundred men, were passing up the river in two keel boats. A few of the savages were seen, and one half the command was landed to attempt their capture; Col. Rogers soon found his mistake, and that he had been led into an ambush of four or five hundred Indians. A desperate fight ensued, but the gallant commander and nearly all bis men were tomahawked and scalped. Capt. Robert Benham, who, with a few of his men, cut their way through the lines, was shot through both hips, but was able to crawl into the top of a fallen tree and lie concealed. The Indians were passing back and forth over the battle-ground all night and for nearly two days. The evening of the second day, Benham shot a coon that was on a tree near him, hoping in some way to get to it, make a fire and cook it. As soon as he had fired, he heard some one call, very near him; supposing it to be an Indian, he hastily reloaded his gun and kept quiet; soon the same call was heard again, but much nearer; still Benham did not reply, but sat ready to fire as soon as the party should appear. The call was made the third time, followed by expressions of distress that convinced Benham that it must be a Kentuckian; he then replied, and the parties were soon together. There sat Benham, shot through both hips, and unable to move ! The man proved to be John Watson, a soldier’, who had both arms broken by a bullet in the same battle. Benham, having the use of his arms, could easily kill all the game they wanted, while Watson, with two good legs, could kick the dead game to where Benham sat, who would clean and cook it. When their wounds had somewhat healed, they built a small hut near the river, to watch for a passing boat. November 27, a flat-boat was seen slowly floating down the river. The wounded men hoisted a signal; but the crew, supposing it to be an Indian de- HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 229 coy, put over to the opposite side of the river and passed down as rapidly as possible. At length, when the boat was about half a mile below, a canoe was sent ashore to reconnoiter, which, after a lengthy parley, landed and took the two sufferers aboard. At Louisville, receiving proper treatment, they soon re- covered the use of their limbs. But for the successful operations of Col. George Rogers Clark in the Illi- nois country, the year 1779 would have left the Western people in an uncomfort- able situation; as it was, however, emigration greatly increased, reviving the spirits of the settlers, giving them a confidence in their ability to resist the in- vasions of the savages. From the crops harvested, there was but 1 ittle surplus with which to supply the new-comers. The winter of 1779-80 was long known as the “hard winter; ” everything was frozen up, and the ground was covered with snow for many weeks; many emigrant families suffered from hunger and exposure, and arrived at the Kentucky stations in almost destitute condition. Bears, buffalo, deer, wolves, beavers, otter and wild turkeys were frozen to death; wild animals would come up to the camps in a famishing condition, with the perishing cattle. The three months of severe winter ended; a delightful spring, and the rapid growth of vegetation, promised speedy relief from hardships, and the settlers might look forward to a season of plenty and happiness. LOCATION OF OHIO INDIAN TBIBES. The tribes that occupied and owned the territory now within the State of Ohio were the Eries, Mingoes (of Ohio), Delawares, Munsees, Shaw- nees, Wyandots, Miamis, Senecas (of Sandusky); the Piankeshaws, Potta- watomies and Ottawas were along the Maumee and around Detroit; the Weas, Eel River Indians and Kickapoos were the Wabash tribes that so often united with the Miami tribes in their expeditions down the Miami and across into Ken- tucky. The Eries, a strong nation, whose towns were located along the south- ern shore of Lake Erie, were entirely exterminated by the Six Nations of New York at some time before the year 1680. The Delaware nation were the tribes who had ceded to William Penn the lands along the Delaware River and around the Delaware Bay, and afterward removed to the West, locating in the Musk- ingum Valley, and to the east of that. The Munsees were one of the tribes of Delawares. The Shawnee Indians were natives of the South, but, 'being con- quered by the Cherokees, they left the shores of the Gulf of Mexico and came to the Ohio Valley about the year 1740, locating in the Scioto Valley — a warlike and brave people, cruel in the extreme, proud, and most successful hunters. Their principal towns were at first located on the north bank of the Ohio, above and below the mouth of the Scioto River, but, after the Ohio began to be used so much as a highway for emigrant boats, they moved further up the Scioto, and afterward built their principal towns, the one at Old Chillicothe on the Little Miami River, and the other, Old Piqua, on the north side of Mad River, seven- teen miles above Dayton; they at the same time located the Mackacheek towns around the head-waters of Mad River. These tribes were among the first and most vicious in harassing parties along the river, and in the settlements of Ken- tucky, and were the last to make peace with the whites. The grand forests of the Miami Valley were their game preserves, and jealously did they guard them against the encroachments of their hated neighbors, the pioneers of Kentucky. The powerful Wyandots lived around Sandusky Bay and up the valley to the head- waters of Sandusky River; they were one of the leading nations of the North- west, the beautiful traditions of the tribes running back for more than a century. They made common cause with the Shawnees and Vi am is against the whites, their warriors always joining in the expeditions to the Ohio; the young bucks 230 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. of these tribes would form small hunting parties to roam through the woods of Southwestern Ohio, remaining away from their towns for a year at a time; oc- casionally as scalping parties, ranging along the banks of the Ohio, and over among the settlements of Central Kentucky, retreating to the Miami Yalley to escape the vengeance of the pursuing settlers. The Miami nation of Indians was the Western Confederacy of tribes, as opposed to the Six Nations (Iroquois) of New York; the Twightwees, Tawas and Miami tribes, of the Miamis, occupied the level lands drained by the streams that formed the sources of the Great Miami, the Maumee and the W abash Rivers —a stretch of country from the Loramie portage across to Fort Wayne and down the Maumee Yalley. The Miamis were conspicuous in their hostilities to the whites, making long expeditions to engage in the border attacks, and, with the Wyandots and Ottawas, were the steady allies of the English in all campaigns against the Western settlements. The Chippewas were the Michigan Indians in the Saginaw country, many large tribes. The Mingoes (of Ohio) were located along the eastern border of Ohio; then east and north of them were the Six Nations of New York. The Weas, Piankeshaws and Kickapoos, as has already been stated, were in the Wabash Valley. STRENGTH OF THE TEIBES. The following list shows the number of warriors in the several tribes who could, upon short notice, be assembled for war against the settlements: Shawnees 400 Wyandots 300 Delawares and Munsees 600 Miamis 300 Pottawatomies 400 Ottawas 600 Mingoes (of Ohio) 600 Weas, Piankeshaws and Kickapoos 800 Total 4,000 Six Nations of New York — Mohawks 100 Oneidas and Tuscaroras 400 Cayugas 220 Onondagas 230 Senecas 650 Total 1.600 The Chippewas of the upper lakes were estimated to be as strong as all of the above named tribes together. The main object of all the treaties with the Indians by the United States during the Revolutionary war was to keep them quiet, and persuade them not to molest the settlements. Cornstalk, the great war chieftain of the Shawnees; Pontiac, of the Otta- was; and Logan, of the Cayugas, were dead; they had been the sachems, the great leaders, of the united Indian nations; although savages, yet possessed of great natural intelligence and experience, gifted with eloquence, brave in every situation and emergency, they acquired unbounded influence among the tribes, and, from their high sense of justice, the respect of the Western settlers. After them, there was no great leader to unite the savages against the colonists until, in 1805, Tecumseh, and his brother, Laulewasikaw — the Prophet — rose to prominence among the Shawnees, and Anally uniting warriors of all Western and Northern tribes as allies of the British against the United States. During HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 231 the colonial war, and until the organization of the Northwestern Territory, there were chiefs and braves among the tribes who inclined to peace, and held at least one half of the warriors from alliance with the British. Of the chiefs who dis- tinguished themselves in the campaigns between the years 1780 and 1795, we give the list from the tribes that operated in border attacks along the Ohio River, and in the territory between that river and Lake Erie. Shawnees — White Gap (the principal chief), Red Pole, Long Shanks, Capt. Reed, Black Hoof, Blue Jacket, Civil Man, Black Wolf, Snake, Turkey, Corn- stalk, Kakiapilathy (the Tame Hawk), Capt. Johnny. Wyandots — Tarhe, the Crane, a tall chief, handsome, and of splendid physique, attained some reputation as a warrior, and, in his policy after the treaty at Greenville, generally favored the United States. Other influential chiefs of this tribe were: The Half King, and his son, Cherokee Boy; Leather Lips, Black Chief, Walk in the Water, Big Arm. Delawares — Capt. Pipe, the war chief; Three Chiefs, Wicocalind, or "White Eyes; Kelelamand, or Col. Henry; and Hengue Pushees, or the Big Cat, who were always friendly to the Western settlers; Grand Glaize King, Killbuck, Capt. Buffalo, Capt. Crow, Red Feather, Bohongehelas, Black King, Billy Sis- comb. Munsees — Hawkinpumiska, Reyutueco, Peyainawksey, Puckconsittond. Senecas — Coffee Houn, Wiping Stick, Big Turtle, Civil John. Miamis — Meshekenoghqua, the Little Turtle, the celebrated chief, the most famous forest warrior and distinguished leader of his time He had command of all Indian allies of the British against Harmar in 1790, St. Clair in 1791, Wilkinson in 1792, Wayne in 1793, 1794 and 1795. Nagohquangogh, or Le Gris, was the village chief of the Miamis, a sensible old Indian of great influ- ence in his own tribe and among the neighboring tribes. In their hostilities to the whites, the Miamis devoloped a number of skilled chieftains, the most noted of which were: The White Loon, Long Legs, Richeville, The Owl, ’White Skin, Silver Heels, Big Man, Double Tooth, Crooked, Porcupine, Sunrise, King Bird, Big Body, Stone Eater, Poor Raccoon, Open Hand, Young Wolf, Butterfly, Tiger’s Face, Flat Belly. Pottawatomies — Windigo, Nawac, W T hite Pigeon, Winnemac, Five Medals, Thupenebue, Run, Le Blanc, No Name, Mogawgo. The Black Bird was also one of the leading warriors of the tribe. Ottawas — Wewiskia, Augooshaway, Little Otter, Dog, Bear’s Legs, Stump- tail Bear, Neagey, Machiwetah, Big Bowl, Sawgamaw, White Fisher, Bear King. Piankeshaws — Big Com, Black Dog, Three Thighs, Lightning. Weas — Little Beaver, Painted Pole, Negro Legs, Little Fox, Little Eyes, Long Body. Eel River — Ploughman, Night Stander, Charley, Gun, Earth, Swallow. Kickapoos — Keeawhah, Cat, Otter, Duck, Persuader, Brave, Josey Renard, Standing, Black Tree, "White Blanket, Bear, Dirty Face. Chippewas — Mesass, one of the chief counselors and leading warriors of the many tribes of Chippewas; Bad Bird, Young Ox, Little Bear, Young Boy, Bad Legs, Little Thunder, Cat Fish, Big Cloud, Spark of Fire, Ball. Sacs — Tepakee, Kesheyiva. INDIAN VILLAGE LIFE. The towns and villages of the Indians inhabiting the valleys of the Miami, Maumee and W T abash Rivers, were located immediately upon the banks of the streams, on ground high enough to be out of the reach of floods. But little at- tention was paid to the locations, as positions for defense, except that a spot 232 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. free from timber was generally selected, and a place where the canoes could be easily landed, and the squaws have easy access to water. The strength of a vil- lage could be easily estimated, as lodges, wigwams and cabins were invariably j placed in one line along the stream; some of the towns extended thus for two or three miles along the river. The wigwams were constructed in a substantial way to resist wind and storm, |j and to keep the occupants comfortable through the winter season; some were || large and roomy, twenty feet in diameter; others were smaller; circular or oval shaped, made of bark or matting laid over a frame work of poles that were stuck j in the ground and leaning to the top, where an opening was left for the escape of smoke from the fire beneath. In the winter, these wigwams were also lined with matting, tastily made of rushes, grasses and reeds; bunks were made of poles, with skins and furs for bedding, the interior of the wigwam being cozily arranged and kept tidy and clean by the squaws; two openings were left on op- posite sides, either to be used, according to the direction of the wind. Cabins were arranged on the inside like the wigwams just described; the roofs were of bark or matting; a hole was left in the center for smoke to escape; j; a mat or skin was hung in the doorway. “ Lodges ” were not often found in the villages, being mostly used for temporary habitation in hunting camps, sugar camps, and in the war camps that were sometimes formed as a base for opera- tions at any great distance from the towns. Lodges were built in this way: A frame was formed by planting the ends of half hoops in the ground, the hoops one behind the other, about two feet apart; a ridge pole, or thong of hide, was fastened on top from bow to bow; over the whole of it, matting or skins of wild animals were spread; the occupants slept on the ground, the cooking being done in the open air. Corn, beans, pumpkins and tobacco were the crops raised by the Indians; the tilled ground was not fenced; the animals were pastured at some distance from the villages to prevent injury to growing crops. By some of the tribes, fruit was also grown; the trees were seedlings grown from seed purchased of the traders. After the trading stations had been established in the West, the rude implements and tools used by the Indians were replaced with those better adapted to the cultivation of the soil, and for other domestic purposes. Steel traps took the place of “dead falls” and “pits;” awls and needles made of the bones of birds were no longer used in sewing garments and fitting the matting to the wigwams; cultivation was accomplished with the iron hoe, and better cooking utensils were supplied. MANNERS, CUSTOMS AND CONDITIONS. The burdens and toil of Indian life were the duties of the squaws; they built the wigwams and cabins, performed all the village drudgery and home work, cared for the dogs and ponies, gathered the fuel, planted the seed, culti- vated the soil and harvested the crops, cut up and jerked the game brought in by the hunters, cooked, made the clothing, and, when on journeys, carried great bundles of the camp equipage; the responsibility of the care of the families and wigwams was upon them; they were neat and tidy in their habits, and kept everything clean about the villages; they were uncomplaining, and not quarrel- some. (The reader must remember that we are now writing of the Indians as they were and lived during the last half of last century.) A squaw who would utter a groan, or cry, in childbed, would be forever disgraced, as unworthy to be a mother, and it was believed that her offspring could not fail of being cowards. The squaws were not demonstrative, as a rule, but were thoroughly loyal to the family relations; separations were of rare occurrence, though for cause an In- dian might send his squaw away. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 233 The wigwam government was adapted to their modes of life; of course the warrior was boss of all; his wishes were obeyed without question, his word was law; the papooses were not noisy; they were allowed to roll around the floor of the wigwam in cold or stormy weather, and in the open air during the milder seasons; to carry them about, they were slung to the squaw’s back; to leave them alone in the wigwams, they were bound to a board longer than them- selves, and stood away in the corner. The younger Indians were never whipped, and were scarcely ever scolded; constant attention was given to their training, that they might grow in experience to meet the necessities and ways of Indian life; they were taught to observe what they believed to be right; were pointed to examples of bad Indians, and that such were despised by everybody; they were shown examples of braves, and honest Indians whom all respected, as worthy of imitation. After boys were at the hunting age, they were no longer under the govern- ment of the squaws, but were kept hunting all the time; from early spring until winter set in, they lived along the streams, learning to swim, to paddle canoes, to build canoes, to fish and trap; they roamed through the woods, learning to shoot and hunt, acquiring the knowledge of woodcraft and the hardships of out door life. The young of both sexes developed early; at the age of fifteen, the boys were free to come and go without restraint; two years younger than that, the girls were budding into squawhood, and it was a rare thing for a young squaw to reach the age of fifteen before being appropriated by some young buck lover Courtship and marriage among the Indians were not attended with any very great delays or ceremony; when a brave was attracted by the good features and figure of a handsome and tidy young squaw, greased, painted and full feathered^ in all the pomp and pride of a warrior, he would walk down the village street until, arriving before the wigwam of his inamorata, he stopped; then, if his ad- vances were at all encouraged, it was considerd as an acceptance, and they were quickly paired; they were mated without being required to ask consent of any one, and without interference from any source. If the weather was favorable for out-door enjoyment, a feast and dance would sometimes be arranged, in which old and young would participate, keeping up the merry-making until all were tired out. In moving from one village to another, as families often did, the squaws, as under all other circumstances, had all the work to do. The wigwam goods were tied in great bundles and fastened on the backs of the ponies, or carried on the backs of the squaws, if there were not ponies enough. Riding or walking, the squaws carried the papooses on their backs. Pelts were used in lieu of sad- dles, and buck and squaw rode alike — straddle. A halt was made for dinner, but the ponies were not unloaded except at night. There was but little trouble with the youngsters, or papooses ; they were trained to be quiet, and scarcely ever cried. It was a funny sight to see the little papooses, lashed to forked sticks, leaning against the stumps or trees at these midday halts. Upon arrival at the new location, it was the squaw’s duty to cut the poles and erect the wigwam, and arrange all for the comfort of her warrior; and, as we have said before, the interior of these wigwams were kept neat and clean, the sides lined with furs or matting for warmth; a cheerful fire blazing in the center made an attractive picture, as a place of shelter from any storm — an abode of comfort. In going to bed, the bucks pulled off all clothing but their breech- clouts, and the squaws all but the skirt; the clothing thus taken off was used for pillows. Indian dress in the earlier times was exclusively made of furs and skins. Great taste was shown in making the garments, and in the arrangement of the ©O' © ornaments used, such as shells, beads (made of fish scales), and beautifully col- 234 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. ored grasses and feathers. Indian tanned skins have always commanded the highest prices. After the French occupation of the Western country (1750), cloth began to be used by the squaws in making clothing for themselves and the youngsters; the brighter colors were the most popular — anything so it was red. j| suited the savage taste. Warriors, old and young, were the most particular as || to their personal appearance. The hair was pulled out by the roots all over I their heads, except a tuft on top, left as the scalp-lock; to this was fastened the || plume of feathers; nose and ears were pierced for rings of lead or copper; || their bodies were left bare to the waist, and profusely painted; many wore hand- j! some belts of wampum across the shoulder. The breech-clout was a piece of linen, cloth or pelt, nearly a yard long, and eight or nine inches wide; this passed under the belt before and behind, leaving the ends to hang loosely over the belt; leggins were made long to be fastened to the belt; the hips were thus left exposed. Moccasins covered the feet, and the ankles were closely wrapped. When expeditions to distant points were to be made, a fringed and ornamented ' shirt was worn to protect the body from the bushes. Thus dressed in the gor- geously colored deer-skin suit, wearing the wampum, with rifle, bullet -pouch and powder-horn, a glistening tomahawk and scalping-knife hanging in his belt, the brave was ready for the war-path. Hunters, like the warriors, were dressed in full suits of deer-skin, but the decorations were not so profuse. The squaws dressed in the gayest costumes their tastes could suggest; beautifully worked moccasins, soft deer-skin leggins, richly fringed and decor- ated in the brightest colors, with beads, shells and spangles; pendants and neck- laces were worn, strings pf ornaments of bear’s tusks and claws, stone medals || and ear-rings; plump arms and busts exposed, except as partially hidden by the J! bands of beads and ornaments; beautifully developed, tall and graceful dusk 1 / , belles. In the every-day village life, they wore an under-garment and skirt; j in winter, furs were almost universally worn. Whether buck? squaw or papoose, one act of cowardice or dishonesty was a life-long disgrace to an Indian. Reverence and honor were paid to the aged, | especially to parents. They were not quarrelsome or covetous. The sick were j! tenderly nursed, and the disabled properly cared for. There was general pride in the skill of the hunters and achievements of the warriors The taking of the first scalp by a young warrior was an occasion of special excitement and rejoicing. The return of a party from the war-path, or from a hunting expedition, was always attended with public reception in the villages; but, after the rejoicings were ended, the lazy life of the heroes began, and if winter had set in, they had nothing to do but to lie around until the spring should come; smoke their pipes in peace while telling of the adventures of the past; there was very little else to interest them. On bright days, they sometimes got up a little excitement over a game of foot-ball, or a foot- race; occasionally there was a dance or a feast, but, as a rule, the winters were passed in idleness. Smoking was their comfort; pipes and tobacco were en- joyed under all conditions, whether half-snoozing in the bunks, or lolling in the sunshine outside; the pipes were made of corn-cobs, clay, stone and wood. In the wigwams and villages, with the warriors and hunters, between the old and young, in all situations of life among the Indians, there was perfect equality. In their character and conduct were seen a strong sense of independ- | ence, a great aversion to anything that looked like caste or subjugation. They gloried in their native liberty, and for one of them to show a feeling of super- j iority was an effective barrier to all further success. A chief, being asked if his tribe were free, replied: “ Why not, since I myself am free, although their chief? ” The chief of a tribe was not a ruler; he could neither make peace or war, and, except as others were guided by his example, he had no control of Samuel Wells BUTLER, TP. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 237 affairs. A brave was chosen war chief upon his own merit as a warrior, as one of exceptional bravery and ski 11 ; the village chief was selected as one possessing administrative ability, of commanding address and great eloquence, well versed in the tradtions of the tribe, and their relations to neighboring tribes. Possess- ing these distinguishing traits of character and influence, by reason of which they were the chosen leaders of the tribes, it was equally necessary for each to maintain his standing as warrior and hunter. For purposes of consultation, and as a place to assemble the chiefs and braves, a council-house was usually built near the center of the village. There all met on an equality to determine questions of common interest; the calumet of peace and war were placed side by side, the choice to be made by the signal taps of the war clubs. There the Indian orators gave vent to bursts of native eloquence, for which they were so justly famous. It was at these councils that opportunity was afforded to acquire popularity and influence that would promote the speaker to position and author- ity. Graceful form, with proud demeanor, were great elements of popularity, for pride was one of the controlling influences of their religion. They believed that the Great Spirit was Ruler over all, and that He was an Indian. Manitou was the name most generally given to the Great Spirit. The Indians believed that they were the flrst of the human race created; that they sprang from the brain of the Great Spirit; that they possessed all knowledge, and were under the special care of their Creator. Their traditions were vague, but their relig- ious sentiments were clear. They had no fixed days or manners of worship. They believed in a future state of reward and punishment in the “happy hunt- ing-grounds” beyond the grave; that “all who do well will be happy, but those who do bad will be miserable; ” they justified the barbarous outrages of their savage warfare, their cruel torture of men, women and children, upon the pre- cept of blood for blood; and among themselves, as one of their chieftains said, they let each individual “ paddle his own canoe.” What principles of religion they had, they followed closely. They believed in a -good spirit and an evil spirit, and a number of inferior deities that were active in managing the affairs of the universe. To these they made sacrifices to avert calamity, to secure bless- ings and success, and in the way of thanksgiving for benefits received. They believed firmly in punishment and reward in this life. The medicine men, who had care of the sick, and were in charge of all re- ligious feasts and observances, were held in great respect, as possessors of super- natural power. By the practice of then.’ magic art, they were supposed to have close relations with the Great Spirit. Their medicines, made from roots and herbs, were, in their use, surrounded with all mystery possible; all the arts of the conjurer were solemnly practiced. Indian burials were conducted with as much form as any of their cere- monies. In the grave with the corpse were biuied the rifle and trappings of the warrior, or hunter, his pipe and tobacco, and a sufficient quantity of parched corn or other provisions to last him on his journey to the happy hunting-grounds of the future life. There was no common place for-the burial of the dead, each grave being located in the forests or on the hills, to suit the wishes of the sur- viving friends. When an Indian or his squaw died, the widower or widow would remain in mourning for about a year, after which being at liberty to mate again. The regular times for feasts were when the green corn could first be used; in the hunting-camps, when the first game was killed; the war feast was cele- brated after a victory, and there were great festivities in the villages upon the return of the warriors, or of a hunting party. Notice of a feast was given by sending a runner to the wigwams with small pieces of decorated wood; the bearer would verbally give all particulars as to time and preparations. Bucks, squaws and the young Indians would be seated on the ground around the fires, 238 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. on which were boiling the kettles of green corn, juicy venison and bear meat, ' pots of fat coon and hominy. Warriors dressed for the trail, with waving j plumes, military trappings and dangling decorations; squaws wearing bright- colored skirts and strings of Hashing ornaments, their black hair hanging in long braids; papooses rolling on the green sward, waiting for bowls of the rich mess. Each with wooden bowl and spoon would help themselves from the ves- j sels; then, with sugar or molasses as dressing, the abundant feast was enjoyed. ; None but the warriors participated in the wild excitement of the war-dance, but the young Indians were allowed to look on, as a preparation for participation ! in the strategems, horrid deeds, cruelties and bloody tragedies of savage war- fare. There were other dances that young and old joined with loud shoutings, and the clangor of tomtoms and other rude instruments; winding dances, with intricate figures, like the popular “ German ” of to-day; wild-like square dances, in which the coy squaw maiden might show her preference for some handsome warrior or hunter. These dances were continued into the night, lighted by the blazing big fires. The sports and pastimes of the savages were in character more in the way of preparation and incentive to the objects and pursuits of savage life; such as running races, jumping, wrestling, shooting, canoe races, throwing the toma- hawk, practice with the bow and arrows ; foot-ball was a very popular game, the j excitemeut sometimes lasting for several days, and involving the whole village in the sport. Whisky drinking was one of the first of habits, peculiar to the whites, adopted by the Indians, and has done more to take away from them that noble na- ture and independent character with which they were so marked at the begin- ning of the present century. The leading chieftains of most of the tribes recognized and fought the habit as the most dangerous foe to their followers; yet, whether in hunting-camp or on the war trail, the Indians were ever ready for a carouse. They entered upon a spree deliberately. Guns, ammunition, war- clubs, tomahawks and scalping- knives were laid aside, and two of the Indians selected by lot to stay sober and keep the rest from injuring one another. The Miami Rivers, and streams flowing into them, were favorite spawning and feeding waters for the choice varieties of the larger kinds of fishes, and, jj during the months of cool weather, many were taken by the Indians, in wicker |' traps and baskets, and by spearing. The young Indians had great sport in fol- lowing the larger fish on the shoals and rapids, killing numbers with spears and arrows, and in the winter, through the ice, would spear many in the same way. Trapping was the most profitable pursuit followed ; besides being a good J school for the young Indians, it furnished employment for the villagers who were old, or who by accident or the fortunes of war were incapacitated for more active duty. It sometimes happened, when the season was favorable and game unusually plenty, that the whole tribe would devote the winter to the traps that were located at all favorable points along the streams, or occupy a stretch of country for thirty miles across the valleys. The skins of muskrats, mink, and the smaller animals, were sought; beaver, otter, coon and bear skins were more valuable, and all were in great demand at the trading stations North and East. The great abundance of game in the woods, the rich soil of the valleys of the Northwest, in which were located the villages and cultivated lands of the savages, were unfailing sources of supply. Knowl- edge in woodcraft, ways of life in the forests, were the first necessities of sav- age life; a single individual, or a small band of hunters, would leave the vil- lages, to be gone several months, or even for a year; rifle, ammunition, toma- hawk, pipe, tobacco and scalping-knife, were the only requirements. Selecting some point as a center in the territory to be hunted, some slight shelter of poles HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 239 or brush would be set up, and without delay traps would be set and hunting be- o-in, to be followed with energy and the closest attention. If the season proved profitable, of course there were more pelts and meat secured than could be car- ried in one load back to the village, or to a trading post; but the hunter who had started alone, would, without help, bring his game in; he would arrange a load and carry it one day’s journey, where he would secure it on an elevated plat- form of poles, or hang it in a tree secure from the wolves, while he returned for another load; in this way, the bear meat and venison, smaller game, furs and pelts were transported. Hunting expeditions that were organized in the early spring, in the fall, and sometimes in midwinter, afforded an exciting change for numbers of the In- dians, their squaws, youngsters and papooses; the transportation might be in aanoes, or the camp equipage be carried across the country by the squaws or on ponies. All work and care of the camp would be done by the squaws ; they would build the lodges and huts; being located near a stream, they would not have far to fetch water or wood; they cured the meat, tanned the skins, cooked, pastured the ponies, gathered eggs from nests of the forests, pounded the hominy, tapped the sugar trees, collected the water and boiled it down; and, when the hunters were unusually successful, or a large number of animals were taken in the traps, the squaws would be sent out along the line to bring in on their backs heavy burdens of venison and bear meat and pelts, from the scaffolds on which the game had been placed out of the reach of wolves and other wild animals. Having the benefit of association with experienced, skillful hunters, on ex- peditions of this kind, the Indian boys learned the mysteries of woodcraft and the application of expedients in almost every emergency. One great accomplish- ment acquired was to be able to imitate notes and calls of the game birds, and the noise of the beasts of the forests; the possession of this imitative faculty was considered the highest stamp of a good hunter and gallant brave. The turkey call, and harsher notes of wild duck and goose, would serve as a perfect decoy; imitation of the bleating of a fawn would bring a doe within rifle range ; the fcoo-hoot of the owl would bring response from the wolves, if they were around. Warriors on the war-path used these calls as signals, in an open attack on an enemy by day, or when gathered around a cabin or settlement for massacre at aight; so much so that the settlers were always suspicious when they heard the notes or call of any of the birds or beasts of the woods. A war party was the most carefully -organized band that left the villages; the numbers of which it was composed depended, of course, upon the character of the duty to be performed. One or two braves might start on a bushwhack- ing, scalping expedition of their own; a band of five or six might go to destroy one or two isolated cabins and massacre the inmates; and larger parties formed to attack the settlements, or divide at a supply camp, for attacks on emigrant boats descending the Ohio. In starting from a village, the warriors were deco- rated with paint and plumes, wearing full military trappings; marching down the street thus thoroughly armed, they set off in single file on some trail leading through the woods to the Ohio River, and the Kentucky settlements beyond. When fairly in the forest, out of sight of the village, it was customary to fire a farewell salute; then, fully impressed with the dangers around them, perfect silence prevailed through day and night, on the march or at the bivouac, or whatever might be their surroundings. When parties of this kind were sent out by the Shawnees, the Wyandots or the Miamis, or any of the tribes to the north of the Maumee, it was their cus- tom, within a few days after their departure, to send as a re- enforcement, or rather support in case of reverses and pursuit, a band of hunters, with squaws and camp equipage, to locate an advanced supply camp somewhere in the Miami 240 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. or Scioto Valley; the party would come down the river in canoes to the mouth!' of the Mad River, Hole’s Creek, Twin Creek, or lower down at the head of Mill 1 Creek, or at the mouth of either of the Miamis, where the lodges would be built, |j the hunters go out for supplies to be ready for the return of the warriors. The return of a war party to the villages was always the time for the greatest ex-j| citement and rejoicing; fleet-footed runners were sent ahead to notify the vil- lagers that the warriors were approaching. All would turn out to join in the] noisy reception; when in sight of the village, if they brought prisoners with] them, the warriors would fire their rifles, while the woods resounded with peal ] after peal of the shrill, piercing scalp halloo; the Indians in the village would immediately respond with a similar shriek, as they rushed out to jneet the party returning in triumph, with shouts of victory, some waving the bloody scalps, torn from dying victims, while others led the prisoners, who were stripped naked, ; their hands tied behind them, faces and bodies blackened as a mark that they were to be burned at the stake. But they were first to run the gantlet. In- dians of all ages, bucks and squaws, standing at intervals of six or eight feet apart, armed with sticks, clubs and switches, formed two parallel lines about six] feet apart, between which lines the victims were to run singly, receiving a blow] from each of the Indians as he passed; blows that were struck fierce and fast, in the face, on the head, or wherever it could be inflicted; sometimes, to impede] progress, handfuls of sand were dashed in their eyes. Thus blinded, in the most acute pain, the suffering creature would often be struck down and clubbed ; near to death, only to revive for the more terrible torture of burning at the jj stake. Indian military tactics, in all of their movements in the West up to the] time of the advance of St. Clair’s army, consisted simply in cunning, stealthy , dashes at the unprotected settlements, massacre of all who fell into their hands, and rapid retreat to their own country. They would ambush an advancing foe, and withdraw as soon as the enemy would show fight. In a fight, their whole force would be formed in irregular line, every one behind a log, or stump, or tree; there never was fair, stand-up fight in them; but they were the best of; flankers, and fought and ran away, to live to fight another day; yet there was not a drop of cowardice in their composition. One of the rules among all of the tribes was that, when on the war-path, if a brave did not promptly obey the command of his chief, he was killed on the spot. The cruel massacre of non- combatants, the horrible torture of prisoners, and savage butchery, stamped their savage warfare as fiendish. The hardy pioneers, used as they were to scenes of bloodshed and the misery left in the wake of a band of savages, were often brought to experiences and events more devilish than any that had preceded. An Indian would not hesitate to crush out the brains of a family of little chil- dren with his tomahawk, in the presence of the pioneer father and mother, then, with equal cruelty, kill them, and carry off the scalps of the whole family, j Thousands of such devilish deeds were perpetrated, and it is no wonder that, in the progress of border warfare, no quarter was given nor mercy asked. It would be almost impossible to overdraw the horrible pictures of torture j and death that were the experience of thousands of the emigrants to the. West. Not many prisoners were taken by the Indians, and none by the whites. The result of a battle was shown on the spot, by the numbers of killed and wounded. ] Chapter after chapter could be filled with the record of shocking cruelties, but the terrible stories of these wrongs committed are familiar to all, and, for the purposes of this book, it is not necessary to reproduce them. From the time of the beginning of emigration to the West, the whole attention of the tribes was devoted to jealously guarding their lands north of the Ohio from encroachment by the whites. All interests were united, and gradually developed into openi HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 241 resistance, then to aggressive war against a hated enemy. The tribes were no longer wasted by war among themselves. All energy, all strength of the united Nations was required in a common cause against a common enemy. It sometimes happened that, when the prisoners were not immediately mur- lered, circumstances influenced the Indians to spare their lives and adopt them in their families. Carefully guarded against escape, they were marched to the villages, and duly initiated into the simplicity of Indian life and habits. The men were made hunters, but were carefully watched against temptation to es- cape. Some of them married squaws, and being satisfied with the situation, remained the rest of their lives. The most of them, however, escaped, while others were taken to Detroit and exchanged or ransomed. Captured women were assigned to the wigwams of the elder Indians to assist in work, and gener- illy accepted the first opportunity for exchange. Boys and girls who were among the prisoners were cared for tenderly, and became greatly attached to :heir new friends. Their associates were the young Indians, with whom they "an wild in the woods, hunted with and fished, paddled in the canoes, and crapped along the streams. With them they grew up, and enjoyed the fascina- tion of roaming through the woods as hunters for months at a time. Such as these, who had learned to love the free life in the forests, it was hard to reclaim, if ter peace was declared, when many of them were given up under treaty stip- ulations that required the surrender of all white captives, many having forgot- ten relationships of their infant years, and who had formed strong attachments among the Indians, refused to return to civilized life. A Shawnee chief, in surrendering several of these child captives, addressed the officer as follows: ‘Father, we have brought your flesh and blood to you. They have all been united to us by adoption, and though we now deliver them, we shall always look upon them as our relations whenever the Great Spirit is pleased that we may meet them. We have taken as much care of them as if they were our own flesh and blood. They have now become unacquainted with your customs and manners, and therefore we request you to use them tenderly and kindly, that they may live contentedly with you.” Interpreters for the tribes were generally white men who had been boy cap- tives -and had grown up with the Indians. Some of them were married to squaws, reared families and acquired great influence over the tribes. There were white men who voluntarily went to live with the Indians, some of them becoming the most inhuman of wretches in their persecution and butchery of the frontiersmen. With the names of the Girtys was associated everything cruel and fiendish: neither age nor sex was respected by them; they became skilled in the ways of savage life and reveled in carnage and bloodshed. 242 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAPTER III. Kentucky Pioneees — Col. Byrd’s Expedition Against Them — Clark Destroys Indian Villages on Little Miami and Mad River — Col. Brodhead’s |j Expedition — Col. Lochry Ambushed — Williamson — Crawford’s Defeat j and Death — Battle of Blue Licks — Skirmish at Mouth of Mad River— Indian Towns, Crops and Supplies, Destroyed at Piqua and Loramie— Mouth of Mad River Selected in 1782 for Settlement — Fort Harkar and Fort Finney Built — Clark and the Shawnees at Fort Finney— Logan Destroys Mackacheek Towns — Virginia Cedes Northwest Terri- tory to United States — Indian Treaties — United States Title Perfected — Location of Loramie’s Store and Fort Loramie — Standing j| Stone Forks of Miami. KENTUCKY PIONEERS. rp HE early Kentucky settlers had come to stay; locating in the rich blue grass I lands they secured plenty of room, with comfort and abundance for their J families. Building their cabins near to each other, they inclosed all in one stockade, or erected block-houses as a refuge for all. Bold, hardy, self-reliant j; men, joined in common interest for defense, and were ever ready to pursue the 1 savage foe; hunters, farmers, inured to dangers and hardships; brave spirits, with military experience and skill, obliged to think for themselves, they neces- sarily acquired independence and quick thought and action. That country was settled without thought of trespassing on the Indian lands north of the Ohio. But the events of the year 1779, and the great emi- gration to the West in the spring of 1780, were urged upon the tribes, by the British commander at Detroit, as good grounds for open hostilities against the settlers; the savages became restless, and small bands of warriors appeared before the settlements and along the Ohio River, rendering it unsafe for any': but armed bodies of men to leave the block-houses. To plant the corn and other crops, a party would go out, one-half standing! guard while the other half worked; in this way, the land was cleared, the i cattle were pastured, and all out-of-door work accomplished. From this condi- . tion of uneasiness, lest their lands be taken from them, the excitement increased; among the Indians; especially was this the case in the Shawnee tribes, who| were the most mischievous and blood-thirsty, ever ready for war against the whites. They induced the Wyandots to join them. Gov. Hamilton, of Detroit, f organized a force of Canadians and Indians from these two tribes, 600 in all, j with Col. Byrd, of the British Army in command; the Indians were led by the j Shawnee chieftain, Blackfish. The expedition was to be sent against Rudy dell’s and Martin’s stations, on the Licking River, Kentucky. They came down the Big Miami in batteaux and canoes, bringing with them two (or, as some- writers state, six) pieces of artillery. A road was cut for the artillery through j, the woods from the Ohio River, and, although it took twelve days to make the [ march, they were undiscovered; a shot from one of the field-pieces was the first! intimation the occupants of Ruddell’s station had of the presence of the enemy, jj This was on the 22d of June, 1780. In reply to the demand of Col. Byrd, for the immediate surrender of the stockade, with the garrison and families, Capt. j Ruddell refused, unless the prisoners were to be placed under the protection of the British officers. This was agreed to, and the gates were immediately thrown HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 243 open. The Indians at once rushed into the stockade, each one seizing the first person they came to, and claimed them as their own prisoners. Great confusion ensued. Col. Byrd had no control of the savages, husband and wife were sep- arated, and children were taken from their parents; the cabins were then plun- dered, and the prisoners, loaded with the spoils, marched, with the force, to the attack on Martin’s station, where the same scenes were enacted. Small bands of savages had advanced to Byant’s station and to Lexington, where they stole many horses and returned to Martin’s. In the sacking of the two stations, Col. Byrd had complied with the orders of Gov. Hamilton, and, although he had force sufficient to have destroyed all the settlements in Central Kentucky, for some reason he decided to retreat at once to the forks of Licking, where he had left stores and boats; finding that the river was falling, his artillery and stores were at once put aboard and the retreat continued. The Indians, with the ponies, prisoners and plunder, sep- arated from the English and marched to the Ohio River; crossing at the mouth of the Licking, they returned to their villages by the way of the Little Miami Valley. Col. Byrd, with his artillery and troops in the boats, descended the Licking River to the Ohio, and down that stream to the mouth of the Big Miami, hoping to pole up that river to the point where the troops were first embarked. The weather by this time was very hot, and the spring freshets having run out, the water was too low for the loaded boats to get up much farther than the mouth of Mad River, or, possibly, Honey Creek, from which point the troops marched rapidly to Detroit. The artillery was at first left in the woods, but it is probable that the guns were soon taken up the river, and on to Detroit by the Indians. Up to the time of this invasion, hostilities by the Kentuckians had been carried on without unity of purpose or action. The policy of all was defense, and each family or settlement managed and fought upon their own hook. A single backwoodsman, armed with rifle and scalping-knife, provided with a poke of parched corn for rations, would start on an expedition of his own, into the Indian country; arriving in the neighborhood of a village, great caution was necessary as he lay in the thicket watching for an opportunity to shoot an Indian, or run off a horse. With the fullest experience in the perils of savage warfare, they were as cautious as they were brave; apt scholars in cunning and sagacity, they were the equals of the warriors in fierce and desperate bravery, and power of endurance, energy, perseverance and skill, gave to the pioneer an advantage over the Indian. The result of Col. Byrd’s expedition was to arouse the settlers to a necessity for better organization; the Government was wholly unable to protect them from invasion, and, realizing the situation, they prepared to take care of them- selves, and from that time on the progress of Western settlement was never checked; the courage of the pioneers was equal to all emergencies, and conquered every situation. Acting upon the principle that the best defense against the Indians was to attack them in their villages, and destroy their crops and sup- plies, the war after this was made aggressive; the Indians were to be punished; they had forced this change of policy that resulted in the loss of their lands in the valleys o f the rivers flowing into the Ohio from its source to the mouth of the Big Miami. The Kentuckians would organize under some leader of repute, who would plan an expedition, give notice of his intention, and appoint a ren- dezvous where volunteers would assemble; such calls always met with prompt response, the men furnished their own horses, arms, ammunition and rations, and risked their lives in a common cause. The pioneer women managed the farms, crops and cattle, and sometimes defended their cabins from attacks of the savages during the absence of the men. 244 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. % clark’s expedition, august, 1780. The destruction of Ruddell’s and Martin’s stations was not passed without retaliation and full punishment. In July, Col. George Rogers Clark came up from the fort, at Louisville, to organize an expedition against the Shawnee towns ji on the Little Miami and Mad Rivers. The mouth of the Licking River was jj designated as the point of rendezvous, and within a few days, 1,000 of the bravest Indian fighters had assembled. Col. Benjamin Logan, Capt. Robert Patterson, Simon Kenton, James Har rod and John Floyd, had commands under Clark. The artillery for the expe- dition had been brought up from the Ohio Falls. On the 1st day of August, Col. Clark, with his force, crossed the river and built two block-houses on the present site of Cincinnati. Corn and some ammunition were stored there, and jj several sick men were left as guards. In this way, the expedition was supplied jj on their return march. The next day, with every precaution against surprise, |j they began the march up the Little Miami; on the 6th of August, they arrived at Old Chillicothe (Old-Town, Greene County), and found that the Indians had jj abandoned and burned the town. The Kentuckians camped for the night, and jj the next day destroyed several hundred acres of corn and whatever else they j found. On the 8th, the expedition reached Old Piqua, on Mad River, seventeen j: miles above where Dayton is located. At 2 P. M., the Indians attacked the { advance, and a general engagement at once ensued ; for three hours the contest was sharp, but the savages were put to flight, the loss on each side being about jj twenty killed. The next day was spent in burning the cabins, and destroying the crops of corn and vegetables ; it was estimated that 500 acres of corn had been destroyed j at the two villages. Two days after the fight, the Kentuckians started on their return march to the Ohio River, where they were disbanded. The Shawnees did not rebuild their towns, but crossed over to the Big Miami and built a town, which they jj called Piqua. There were nearly 4,000 in the tribe thus deprived of their homes and provisions, and for nearly two years afterward, their hunters and warriors were kept hunting and fishing to supply their people, and for that j length of time Kentucky was relieved of fears of attack from any considerable body of Indians. The Indians ever afterward had greater respect for the ability of the whites to retaliate for injury received. COL. DANIEL BRODHEAD’s EXPEDITION. In March, 1781, Col. Daniel Brodhead, with 300 troops, started from Wheeling to attack the Delaware towns on the Upper Muskingum; by rapid marches he reached the forks of that river (now Coshocton) before the Indians | were aware of his presence in the country. The village at that point was taken and many prisoners of other villages were captured; thirty or forty warriors were tomahawked and scalped, the squaws and younsters were taken to Wheel- ing and held for exchange. In retaliation for the killing of these Iudians, a number of soldiers descending the Ohio were captured and killed near the mouth of the Big Miami. Col. Archibald Lochry, with 106 men, started from Fort Henry (Wheeling) on the 25th of July, in boats, expecting to join Col. George Rogers Clark at the Ohio Falls. August 25, they landed on the Indian shore, below the mouth of the Big Miami, where suddenly, and without warn- ing, they were attacked from the bluffs above, by a large number of Indians; the Colonel and forty- one of his men were killed, and the rest captured, many of whom were afterward killed and scalped. Cruelties of this kind were commit- WASHINGTON TP. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 247 ted by the whites and savages at every opportunity; the war was persecuted on both sides as a war of extermination; there was but little difference in the acts of brutal, malignant revenge, com m itted by either side. MORAVIAN MASSACRE. * Greatly exasperated at the continued attacks on the settlements, Col. David Williamson assembled a force of a hundred men in the Mingo bottom, just below the site of Steubenville, for an expedition against the Moravian Indians, in the Tuscarawas Valley. The night of March 3, 1782, Col. Williamson and his force bivouacked within a mile of Gnadenhutten, and marched into the vil- lage the next day, taking a number of the peaceable Indians prisoners; on the 7th, the number of captives was increased to ninety-six, and placed under guard in two of the houses; one-half the number were squaws and their youngsters. On the 8th, all of them but two Indian boys, who escaped, were killed and scalped. Col. Williamson and his men were, even at that time, severely cen- sured for this cold-blooded murder of friendly, Christian Indians. col. crawford’s expedition. Soon after the return of Williamson, preparations were made for a second campaign against the Moravian Indians, and the Wyandot towns in the same neighborhood. Four hundred and eighty mounted men mustered at the old Mingo town, on the west side of the Ohio, on the 25th of May, and elected Col. William Crawford as their commander. The troopers and officers boldly announced their battle-cry, no quarter to Indians, buck, squaw or papoose. The Moravian villages were found to be deserted, but on the march the next day, June 7, at 2 o’clock in the afternoon, on the Sandusky plains, a fierce bat- tle was brought on by the Indians, and continued until night. The fight not being renewed the next day, Col. Crawford ordered a retreat. About sundown, however, the Indians fiercely attacked the retreating column, on all sides, excepting on the road leading farther into the Indian country. The troops, by a circuitous route, got out and continued the retreat until the next evening, when they halted for the night. The Indians scattered, in pursuit of straggling parties, killing all they captured. On the second day of the retreat, Col. Crawford, with a small party, who were in the rear, were attacked; the Colonel and a Dr. Knight were capt- ured. The doctor afterward escaped; but Col. Crawford was burned at the stake, in an oak grove in a low bottom west of the Upper Sandusky, on the east -bank of the Tymochtee Creek, eight miles from its mouth. A post, fifteen feet long, was firmly planted; Crawford was stripped naked and beaten by the Indians; a rope was tied to the foot of the post, the Colonel’s hands were tied behind him, and the rope was fastened to the ligature between his wrists; the :.rope was long enough to allow him to walk two or three times around the post, then back again. Capt. Pipe, the war chief of the Delawares, w'ith about a hundred warriors, squaws and Indian boys, took part in the torture, and the rascally renegade, Simon Girty, also participated in the cruelties. Three large fires were built at intervals around the post; Crawford’s ears were cut off; sixty or seventy loads of powder were fired into his body from his neck down; he was punched with the ends of the burning poles, the squaws threw coals and hot ashes on his body, so that he walked on a bed of coals; after about three hours of suffering from this awful torture, he fell from exhaustion, an Indian then scalped him, and an ■old squaw threw coals on the bleeding wound. After this, he walked round a little more, but when they attempted further torture, he seemed insensible of •pain, and soon died. His body was then thrown into the fire and burned to c 248 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. aslies. Such terrible scenes as , this justly excited deeper hostility toward the Indians. Few of the prisoners taken by the savages in that campaign escaped similar torture and death. The Kentucky settlements were not exempt from savage attacks; in May occurred the attack on Estill’s station, and subsequent defeat of Capt. James Estill, at Little Mountain, by a war party of twenty-live Wyandots. In July, the British officers at Detroit organized a Canadian force, as part of an expedition against the Kentucky settlements; war parties of the Shaw- nees, Wyandots, Miamis and Delawares, were assembled at old Chillicotke, and joining the expedition, swelled its numbers to 600. Col. McGee, of the British Army, was in command, with Simon Girty as aid. August 14, Bryant’s station, on the Elkhorn, five miles northeast of Lexington, was besieged by this force. A re-enforcement arrived from Lexington on the 15th, and the Indian losses being heavy, the savages withdrew that night. The Kentuckians receiv- ing re-enforcements that increased their force to 160 or 180 men, started in pur- suit on the 18th, and were drawn into ambush at the Blue Licks on the 19th; in the fight that ensued the whites lost sixty killed and seven captured. olark’s second expedition. As soon as Col. George Rogers Clark, then at Louisville, learned of the disaster, he determined to organize a force large enough to punish the tribes to j the north so severely that they would not soon be in condition to leave their villages for aggressive warfare. Col. Clark came up the Ohio with 500 men and went into camp at the mouth of Licking River, where he was soon joined by an equal number from the settlements around Lexington. The expedition was organized with Col. Benjamin Logan in command of one wing, and Col John Floyd in command of the other. By the last of September, Col. Clark crossed the Ohio and moved up Mill Creek and the Big Miami, meeting no enemy until halted on the banks of Mad River by a small band of Indians stationed to dispute the crossing. A lively little fight ensued, in regular Indian bushwhacking style, near the mouth of Mad River. The dusky warriors were greatly outnumbered and forced to retreat through the bushes. The victorious frontiersmen bivouacked on the spot. It occurred on the 9th of November, 1782, and, although scarcely of sufficient importance to be called a battle, because of the small number engaged and the short time it lasted, it is mentioned here as a skirmish, occurring within the present limits of the city of Dayton. The march from Mad River was up the east side of the Miami, to the ford about four miles below the Piqua villages. A short time after crossing at that point, they met a party of Indians and squaws on horseback, on the trail lead- ing from Greenville to Piqua. The Indians escaped into the woods, leaving their squaws and a captive woman, Mrs. McFall, in the hands of the whites, who took them on to the Piqua towns. Mrs. McFall returned with the Ken- tuckians, and was safely sent to her home. The Indians were alarmed and hastily abandoned Piqua. A detachment of troopers was ordered forward to destroy the Indian village and trading post at Loramie’s; crops were cut down, and a large quantity of grain and the plunder at the store, were burned, the detachment returning to Piqua the next 1 morning. The destruction of the Shawnee towns was completed by burning every- thing found about Upper and Lower Piqua. The Indians had made no resist-; ance, except to fire from the bushes, upon any stragglers they could waylay. In this way, two men - who were out looking for their horses, were mortally wounded; one of them died, and was buried at the ford just below Piqua; the HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 249 ther, Capt. Virgin McCracken, lived until the expedition returned to the Ohio, there he died and was buried. Although but live Indians had been killed, the destruction of the towns, rops and supplies, had such an effect that the settlers south of the Ohio River j/ere never again disturbed by a formidable invasion. On the 20th of Novem- er, the Kentuckians forded Mad River on the return march, and the point was (iscussed and marked as a good site for a settlement, wood, water and stone being bundant. The beauty of the landscape, the broad, rich bottoms, the many fin e lill sites, were all attractive points to these frontiersmen, and some of them lived j) enjoy the blessings that day coveted. Some of the most noled, the most dar- ig of Western adventurers, were in that expedition — such as the commander, ■ol. George Rogers Clark, Cols. Daniel Boone, Simon Kenton, Benjamin Logan, lobert Patterson and John Floyd; Capts. McCracken, Barbee, Green Clay and ames Galloway. As the troops were descending the hill to the level below (where Cincinnati row stands), Capt. McCracken, who, suffering from the wound in his arm, was sing carried on a litter stretched between two horses, suggested that fifty years fterward the survivors should meet and talk over the affairs of that campaign, ad the dangers and hardships of their experience. A few moments afterward, apt. McCracken died, and was buried in the earthwork that had been thrown p around the block-house two years before. To carry out the suggestion of the dying soldier, Col. Floyd proposed a ^solution that fifty years from November 4, 1782 (the day that the expedition as organized at the mouth of the Licking), the survivors should meet again at iat place to celebrate the anniversary. It was carried with a hurrah, and the free soon afterward recrossed into Kentucky and scattered to their homes, ifty years later, nearly all of them were dead. Simon Kenton and James alloway joined in an address to the survivors, to meet in Covington, Ky., on le 3d of November, 1832 (the 4th being Sunday), to celebrate the fiftieth anni- usary of the organization of the expedition. The meeting was held, but there ere very few present, Kenton himself being sick, and Galloway, for some rea- oi being unable to attend. THE SITUATION IN THE WEST AFTER 1785. At the conclusion of peace between Great Britain and the American colo- ns, in 1783, quiet prevailed in all the settlements along the Ohio River. The idians north of the Miami Valley were occupied building cabins and recon- ructing their villages, cultivating their farms, hunting and fishing, to supply )eir people with meat. This condition of affairs continued until in 1785, they ;'ain became restless and troublesome to the whites. The refusal on the part of England to surrender to the United States the forts iug south of the great lakes, encouraged the savages in the hope that they might A have their old ally, to aid in preventing settlements on their lands. Then in e Kentucky settlements, there was no friendly feeling for the savages; almost ery family had suffered from their terrible cruelties. This situation, however, d not check the steady increase in emigration to the West. There were one two feeble efforts to locate at points along the Indian shore of the Ohio, but e rifle balls of the savages made the parties glad to escape to the Kentucky ide. The treaty made at Fort McIntosh, January 21, 1785, gave to the Govern - ent control of all the lands in Southeastern Ohio, yet every precaution was ken to prevent settlements being located there, from the fear that it would |°y°ke hostilities with the Indians — a state of affairs that the Government paired to avoid. 250 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. A detachment of United States troops, in command of Maj. John Doughty, in the fall of 1785, built Fort Harmar, on the right bank of the Muskingum River at its junction with the Ohio. It was the first military post located within the present boundaries of the State of Ohio, except Fort Laurens, erected at the Tuscarawas portage in 1778. A battalion of troops was stationed at Fort Harmar to protect boats from attacks of the savages, and to warn settlers! against locating north of the Ohio. During the following winter (1785-86), a company of troops from the fort j floated down the Ohio in Hat-boats to a point just below the mouth of the Big Miami (North Bend), where they built Fort Finney, so named for one of the! Captains of the regiment. The detachment soon after the treaty descended to the,: falls. The fort was not regarded as any position of special advantage or strength, but was rather intended to be used as a station for detachments passing up and down the river between Fort Harmar and the Ohio Falls, but such parties usually camped on the Kentucky side, as being less liable to be surprised by |l the savages. It was also constructed as one of a chain of stations to prevent! the whites attempting settlements on the Indian side of the Ohio River. Iff was built with log houses at the angles, facing inwardly to an open space of jj possibly an acre, in the center of which was a log block-house; between the cor ner log houses, a stockade of closely-planted posts was set, thus forming a square || inclosure for defense. It was located near where the great war trail from the ji north crossed the Ohio River. Timber was cleared away within rifle range of the fort, and a few acres were planted with corn and vegetables, for the use of the garrison. By resolution of Congress, Gen. George Rogers Clark, Col. Richard Butler !and Samuel H. Parsons, as Commissioners for the Government, were directed :ojj make a treaty of peace with the Indians located north of the Mad River, and also with the Wabash tribes. A meeting for this purpose was held at Fort Finney,! January 31, 1786, where, after a stormy session of several days, in which noth- ing but the cool head and firm determination of Gen. Clark could control, a treaty was made that gave the territory in both the Miami Valleys to the United States. But it was an unsatisfactory meeting. The tribes invited did not attend, ex cept a reprsentation from the Shawnees, who came with a war-party, and, as it was afterward believed, to murder the Commissioners and their escort; at least, they came to dictate terms to the United States. The Commissioners,)! without appearing to notice the threatened treachery, opened the council in duej form, by lighting the pipe of peace, and, after drawing a few whiffs, passed it} to the assmbled chiefs. Col. Clark, so thoroughly acquainted with the savage! character, did not doubt that their intentions were to murder all the whites at 1 the council, yet, with an air of command, he arose to explain to them the pur- poses for which the council had been appointed. In reply to his statement tliaf! the United States had no wish for war, and that, if the tribes desired peace 1 they could have it on liberal terms, an old chief threw upon the table two belt- of wampum of different colors, the one for war, the other for peace. We come,! he said, to offer you two pieces of wampum; you know their significance; youlj can take which you like; then, turning on his heel, the chief sat down. Tee Commissoners felt the crisis. Clark, without changing his countenance, pushed! the wampums on the floor; the savages jumped to their feet, and Clark, point- ing to the door, said: “ Dogs, you may go.” The Indians rushed madly out, and were heard all night debating what course they should adopt ; and in thej morning sued for peace. , During the summer, the Indians still being troublesome, an expedition was] fitted out to operate under Gen. Clark against the Wabash towns, and one under: HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 251 Jol. Ben Logan, to move against the Indian villages at the head- waters of Mad liver. This force of Kentuckians marched up the Ohio to Limestone (Mays- ille), where they crossed, continuing then’ route across the country to the Iackacheek towns, which were captured with many prisoners. The force was here divided, the brigade under Col. Robert Patterson tak- lg one direction, and that under Col. Thomas Kennedy another, to attack and estroy neighboring villages. The devastation of that section was complete, ’he Indians, with their squaws and what plunder they could quickly gather up, 'ere driven beyond the Scioto, where they were in a starving condition for a ear. The result of the expedition was the destruction of eight large towns, illing, wounding and capturing many Indians, and the destruction of crops nd supplies of grain, pumpkins, beans, meat, and whatever came in their way. 'he losses of oxu- troops were trifling, and they brought away many horses and uantities of plunder. One wing of this little army was composed of pioneers from about Lexing- m, and Bryant’s Station, Ky. — men who had been with Clark in his march gainst these same Indian towns four years previous. They remembered the ne country they had seen around the mouth of the Mad River, and desired to gain examine it with a view to locate when a favorable time should come. The march was down the Mad River Yalley to its mouth, where, as in 1782, ley found a small body of Indians in camp, who, after a skirmish, were driven p the Miami bottoms. Among them was Tecumseh, then only seventeen years id. This was his first battle, although he had been under fire six years before, r hen Clark destroyed the Shawnee town farther up Mad River. This was le second battle on what was to be the future site of Dayton. At night the ientuckians stopped the pursuit and returned to camp, where they remained vo or three days, being well supplied with forage and provisions from the applies captured at Mackacheek. They took advantage of this nalt to examine re rich bottom land surrounding them. The march was resumed down the treat Miami as far as Hamilton, thence down Mill Creek to the present site of incinnati, where they forded the river and returned to their homes. Reports f the fertile soil of the Miami country were carried back home by the troops, ad projects for colonies to settle the new coimtry were discussed in all the set- ements. THE UNITED STATES TITLE. Representatives of the Colony of Virginia had made the treaty with the In- ians, and had purchased from them the territory lying west of that colony to le Mississippi River. The title of Virginia to the territory lying northwest of le Ohio River was more in the nature of a claim than a right, and was not ased upon any cession of the Indian tribes who owned and possessed it; how- ver, the colony made the claim, and after the Declaration of Independence the jlonial authorities seem to have recognized the claim. The territory now ithin the State of Kentucky was included within the county of Fincastle, Vir- inia; the lands northwest of the Ohio River were included within the bounda- es of Botetoiu’t County, of the same State. December 6, 1776, the House of Burgesses, of Virginia, erected the county f Kentucky, and to more effectually established civil government northwest i the Ohio River, Illinois County was formed in October, 1778. The county as bounded on the east by Pennsylvania, on the southeast and south by the t’hio River, on the west by the Mississippi River and on the north by the great ikes. John Todd was appointed County Lieutenant and Civil Commander of llinois County. He was killed at the battle of Blue Licks, August 19, 1782, ad was succeeded by Timothy de Montbrun. Civil government w r as more in ame than in reality, however, as there was neither necessity nor opportunity for 252 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. the exercise of authority by the officers appointed by the State of Virginia. The General Assembly in 1783, passed an act authorizing the Virginia dele gates, in Congress, to convey to the United States all the right of that State, to the territory northwest of the Ohio River. By the above authority, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Hardy, Arthur Lee and James Monroe, Representatives of the State, did convey to the United States, for the benefit of the States, all right, title and claim to the territory above described, and on the same day, March ], 1784, a resolution was passed formally accepting the cession. Great Britain had relinquished her rights to the territory, and the State of Virginia had transferred her authority to the United States, thus clearing the way for negotiation between the Government and the Indian tribes who were'; in possession and in whom rested the title. INDIAN TREATIES. By the terms of the treaty of Fort Stanwix, concluded between the Six Na- tions of New York and three Commissioners of the United States, October 22. 1784, the indefinite claim of that confederacy to a considerable part of the Ohio Valley was extinguished. Three months later, January 21, 1785, at Fort McIntosh, George Rogers Clark, Richard Butler and Arthur Lee, on behalf of the United States, met the || chiefs of the Wyandot, Delaware, Chippewa and Ottawa tribes, and established the following as the boundary line between the United States and the Wyan dot and Delaware Nations (the Ottawa and Chippewa chieftains, whose tribes were located around Detroit and along Lake Huron, were present merely to give { assent to whatever treaty was made). The line began at the mouth of the Cuy- ahoga River, thence up that river to the portage ; thence across to the Tuscarawas ~ branch of the Muskingum River ; thence down the said branch to the forks at the crossing- place above Fort Laurens; thence westwardly in a direct line to ■ the portage of the Big Miami, which runs into the Ohio, at the mouth of which branch the fort stood which was taken by the French from the English iu j| 1752; thence along said portage to the Miami of the Lake, or Ome River' (Maumee), and down the southeast side of the same to its mouth; thence along the south shore of Lake Erie to the place of beginning. FORT LORAMIE. Fort Loramie was built by the French, in 1752, on the ground occupied by the English trading-station and stockade, built by the English traders and In- dians, in 1749, and taken from them by file French in the year first mentioned. The fort stood about two miles north of the Indian boundary line, on the west side of Loramie Creek, and about two miles north of the mouth of that branch on which the fort stood which was taken by the French in 1752. In the point formed by that branch and Loramie Creek, a stone was planted to mark the point at which the direction of the boundary line running west,, from a point on the Tuscarawas, opposite the mouth of Sandy Creek, changed from west by south west, to north by northwest. That stone stood about two miles south of old Fort jj Loramie and the trading-station, and, for a time, Loramie Creek was known as the Standing Stone Fork of the Miami. The Indian boundary line crossed Loramie Creek at that stone. Fort Loramie stood: North Latitude, 40° 16 ; West Longitude, 7° 15'. From Fort Loramie to Fort Recovery the distance was twenty-one miles; from Fort Loramie to Fort St. Mary’s, twelve mi$js; from Fort Loramie across the portage to the Auglaize, sixteen miles; from Fort Loramie southeast to Sidney, sixteen miles. These points and distances are clearly shown in the early maps and records, and the locations made definite by the Indian treaties of 1784, 1785, 1786, 1789 and 1795, and in the early laws of the Territory and State. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 253 At the treaty held at Fort Finney, at the mouth of the Big Miami, the 31st of January, 1786, the boundary line was extended from the Standing Stone, nearly due west to the Wabash River; this extended line crossed the branch of Loramie Creek about five miles west of the Standing Stone. .By this treaty the claim of the Shawnee tribes to the Miami and Scioto Valleys was relin- quished. The treaty held at Fort Harmar, January 9, 1789, gave the assent of the Sacs, Chippewas, Ottawas, Pottowatomies, Delawares and Wyandots, to the boundary as established in the treaty with the Shawnees; the line north from the Standing Stone was changed to run a little west of north to the St. Mary’s River, instead of to the Auglaize, as described in the treaty of Fort Mc- Intosh. At the treaty of Greenville, August 3, 1795, made by Gen. Anthony Wayne and the Shawnee, Delaware, Wyandot, Miami, Ottawa, Pottawatomie, Chip- pewa, El River, Wea, Piankashaw, Ixickapoo and Ivaskaskia tribes, the stip- ulations of former treaties were ratified, and the boundary line was extended in a westerly course from the Standing Stone to Fort Recovery; thence southwest- erly in a direct line to a point on the Ohio River, opposite the mouth of the Kentucky River. The reservations of small tracts of lands, at different points within the Indian lands, were confirmed to the United States. One of these reservations was a tract six miles square, at Fort Loramie. The southern bound- ary of the tract was the Indian boundary line. The Indian titles to lands in Ohio north of this boundary line were purchased by the Government by subse- quent treaties. The Western Reserve tract by treaty at Fort Industry (Toledo) in 1805. The lands west of Richland and Huron Counties, north of the bound- ary line, to the western boundary of Ohio, in 1818. The last of the lands be- longing to the Delawares was pm-chased in 1829. The Wyandot chiefs sold the last of their lands in 1842, and the next year the last of the Indians moved from Ohio to the West. 254 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAP TEH IV. Northwest Territory, July 4, 1786. Territorial Officers, 1787 — Gov. St. Clair at Fort Harmar — Washington County — Pioneer Thanksgiving — The Symmes Purchase — Columbia — The Cincinnati Settlement — North Bend — The Mad Biver Country — Details of Progress — Fort Washington —Hamilton County — Indian Troubles — Harmar’s Expedition — Indians at Dunlap’s Station — St. Clair’s Defeat— Wilkinson’s Expedition — Gen. Anthony Wayne — His Advance in 1793 — Victory at Fallen Timbers, 1794 — Winter Quarters, Winter oi 1794-95. B Y the treaty at Fort Finney, in 1786, the title of the United States to the Ohio Valley lands was made complete, and Congress began at once the discussion of the question of civil government for the new acquisition. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. July 13, 1787, was passed “ An ordinance for the government of the terri- tory of the United States northwest of the Ohio River,” popularly known as the “ Ordinance of ’87,” sometimes called “ The Ordinance of Freedom,” the fund- amental law upon which is based the organization of the Northwestern States. At the time this ordinance was adopted, there were very few, if any, white people living anywhere in the territory now within the limits of Ohio, although' there may have been a few French people in the Maumee Valley; but of that there is no information. Among the Indian tribes there were some few white prisoners, and a" still smaller number of white men who were voluntarily living as members of the tribes. At Fort Harmar there was a battalion of United States troops. The year before that — July 4, 1786 — Independence Day had been celebrated by the garrisons at both Fort Harmar and Fort Finney, by fir- ing the national salute — thirteen guns — and issuing extra rations of liquor, “ allowing the men to get drunk as much as they pleased.” That certainly was the first celebration ever held by white people anywhere within the limits of Ohio. The records do not show that the next anniversary was observed in any special way, but it is probable that the garrison at Fort Harmar fired a salute, as they were few in numbers and had nothing else to do ; the greater part of the battalion was at Louisville, on the way to Fort St. Vincennes, on the Wabash. Fort Finney, at the mouth of the Big Miami, had been abandoned in conse- quence of the wet lands around it. In October, 1787, Congress appointed Gen. Arthur St. Clair Governor of the Northwestern Territory; Maj. Winthrop Sargent, Secretary; and James M. Varnum, Samuel H. Parsons and John Armstrong, Judges. Mr. Armstrong de- clined the appointment, and, in February, 1788, John Cleves Symmes was com- missioned in his stead. The Governor and Judges, or a majority of them, had the entire legislative: power in the Territory; but their authority was limited to the adoption of such; laws, civil or criminal, as were in force at the time in some one of the original States. They could not frame original laws. The Governor had the appointment of all officers of the militia under the rank of General, and of all magistrates and such other civil officers as he might deem necessary for the peace and good order. The power of dividing the Ter- HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 257 ritorv into counties and townships was also given him. The advance to a sec- ond grade of Territorial government was provided for, and further progress to the establishment of State governments on an equality with the original thir- teen States. On the 9th of July, 1788, Gov. St. Clair arrived at Fort Harmar, and was received with military honors — a salute of thirteen guns and parade of the troops. A heavy shower of rain, with a loud clap of thunder, just as he entered the fort, were also prominent features of the reception ceremonies. July 15 was the day on which he formally assumed the duties of Governor of the Territory. At 5 o’clock in the evening, escorted by the officers of the garrison, and attended by the Secretary of the Territory, he crossed the Muskingum, and was received by Gen. Putnam and two of the Judges of the Territory, and citizens of Marietta. The Secretary read the ordinance forming the Territory, the commissions of the Governor, the Judges, and his own; then, after congratulations all around, and three hearty cheers, the new Government was considered duly inaugurated. The first laws for the government of the Territory were published at Marietta. The more important of these were the militia law and the laws establishing the courts. The Common Pleas Courts were empowered to divide counties into town- ships, to appoint Constables, Overseers of the Poor, Clerks of Townships, and to establish roads. The Governor appointed the Sheriffs. This grade of govern- ment continued until September, 1799. For the reason that there were no other settlements, and as the population of Marietta did not increase very rapidly, the Government and court were not overcrowded with business. Emigrant boats passing down the river generally stopped at the fort, then kept on down to the Kentucky stations. WASHINGTON COUNTY. July 27, 1788, Gov. St. Clair formed the countv of Washington within the following boundaries: “Beginning on the bank of the Ohio River where the western boundary line of Pennsylvania crosses it, and running with that line to Lake Erie; thence along the southern shore of said lake to the mouth of the Cuyahoga River; thence up said river to the portage between that river and the Tuscarawas Branch of the Muskingum; thence down that branch to a point oppo- site the mouth of Sandy Creek, and along the Indian boundary line to the road leading from the Sandusky town to the Shawnee town; thence south to the Scioto River, and with that river to its mouth; and thence up the Ohio River to the place of beginning.” PIONEER THANKSGIVING. The first official Thanksgiving Day was that of the 25th of December, 1788, designated by proclamation of Gov. St. Clair. There were then within the Ter- ritory about one hundred white inhabitants, equally divided between the two feeble settlements, on the Ohio River — one at Marietta, the other at Columbia. Families and colonies were arriving from the East. Men who had served in the wars; veterans of the Revolution who had exhausted their fortunes in the long struggle for independence, were to be the pioneers of the West; sons of dead hero patriots were bringing to the rich lands of the Ohio Valley dependent mothers and children. Disquiet among the Indian tribes of the upper country, the frequent appearance of their war parties on the banks of the Ohio, had kept the pioneers in settlements south of that river. It became evident, however, that the people could not be longer restrained from venturing into the rich lands to the north. In January, 1788, Col. Robert Patterson, of Lexington. Ivy. , went to Limestone to complete arrangements for a colony to locate at the old block- house on the Indian shore of the Ohio, opposite the mouth of the Licking River. This was in pursuance of the plan adopted in the fall of 1786, to establish a 258 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. post there from which to operate against the Indians in the effort to secure the Miami Valley for the white settlers. The first thing to be done was to establish a base of supplies on the Ohio, somewhere near the mouth of the Licking River. Delays occurred, and there was very little accomplished, until information came of the success of John Cleves Symmes in securing the contract with the Treas- ury officials for the purchase of the lands between the Miami Rivers. This added interest to the enterprise among the many who felt the necessity of locating to provide for their families. THE SYMMES PURCHASE. The first survey of lands northwest of the Ohio was that of the seven ranges of Congress lands at the southeastern corner of the State. The second survey was that of the Ohio Company, on the Muskingum River. The next survey was that of the Symmes purchase. In July, 1787, Congress authorized Commissioners of the Treasury to sell lands in the Northwest Territory, in tracts of not less than 1,000,000 acres. Under this act, John Cleves Symmes made application, August 29, 1787, for the purchase of the lands lying within the following limits: “Beginning at the mouth of the Big Miami River, thence running up the Ohio to the mouth of the Little Miami, thence up the main stream of the Little Miami River, to the place where a line to be continued due west from the western termination of the north- ern boundary line of the grant to Messrs. Sargeant, Cutler & Co., shall intersect the said Little Miami River, thence due west, continuing the said northern line to the place where the said line shall intersect the main branch or stream of the Big Miami River, thence down the Big Miami to the place of beginning.” Symmes and his coadjutors seem to have been satisfied that there would bo no check in their negotiation for these lands, for, on November 26, following, he issued his manifesto, setting forth the fact of his purchase and plan of colo- jj nization. The next month, the first land warrant was issued, thus worded: No. 1. Miami Land Warrant. [seal.] This entitles Benjamin Stites Lis heirs or assigns, to locate one section, in which the fee of six hundred and forty acres shall pass, subject to the terms of settlement. December 17 1787. (Signed) John Cleves Symmes. (Countersigned) Benjamin Stites. The land was located as appears in the following note written upon the warrant: “ Speshel. — At the point betwixt the mouth of the little miame and the Ohio in the pint.” The Treasury Commissioners denied having made a contract with Judge! Symmes, and were disposed to repudiate his claim. In the meantime, July, 1788, he had started West with a colony of sixty persons, in fourteen four-horse wagons, arriving at Pittsburgh August 20. After stopping there two days, and a short delay at Marietta, he reached Limestone, Ky. Mathias Denman, of Springfield, N. J., had purchased from Judge Symmes \ the fractional section on the Ohio opposite the mouth of the Licking River, and the section north of the fraction. After his arrival at Limestone, hearing of the colony that proposed to settle in the Miami Valley, Denman went to Lexington, and, on the 25th of August, entered into an agreement with Col. Robert Patter- son and John Filson, by which a settlement was to be effected on the land above described. Under this arrangement, Denman sold to Patterson and Filson each a one-third interest in the land. September 15, Col. Patterson and Mr. Filson, with others, started from Lexington to mark out a road north to the Ohio. On the 22d, they had crossed the Ohio, and were at the proposed site of the new town, Losanteville. That HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 259 day their numbers were increased by the arrival of Judge Symmes with a party from Limestone; Col. Patterson and the other Kentuckians, being armed, ac- companied Symmes as escort up the Miami Yalley on an exploring expedition. They followed the trail up the center of the valley; after two days’ march, John Filson became uneasy at the Indian sign, and started alone to return to the Ohio, but was never seen or heard of again. The point at which he left the party “ was not far from the northern boundary line of Hamilton County, and northeast corner of Colerain Township.” At a point forty miles in the interior, the explorers discovered a party of Indians, but, upon Symmes’ refusal to allow them to be killed, most of the Kentuckians left him and returned to the Ohio. With the rest of his party, Symmes crossed over to the Big Miami, followed down the stream for several miles, and returned to the Ohio via the Mill Creek Valley, and met again the Kentuckians who had separated from him in the interior. It being certain that John Filson had been killed by the Indians, some arrange- ment was made by which Israel Ludlow became the owner of Filson’s one-third interest in the Losanteville land. Judge Symmes, having returned to Limestone, at once began the organiza- tion of a larger party to explore his Miami lands. Two surveyors, Maj. Benja- min Stites and Capt. John Dunlap, were to accompany the party. Maj. Stites had recruited a colony for settlement upon his land at the mouth of the Little Miami, and was also to command the expedition. COLUMBIA. In November, they started, and within a few days landed at the mouth of the Little Miami River, erected block- houses, built cabins for the settlers who were with them, named the settlement Columbia, and, with but little delay, two exploring parties set our, the one to ascend the Little Miami River, the other to ascend the Big Miami. Maj. Stites with his party ran the line due north from the block-houses op- posite the Licking, up the center of the valley to the north line of the 9th range of townships, a point on the Big Miami above the mouth of Honey Creek. These surveying parties were surrounded with danger; they were in an enemy’s country, with roving war parties all around them, and, to prevent sur- prise and disaster, it was necessary to keep flankers out all the time; one-half would stand guard while the others cooked the meals; at night, they bivou- acked without fires, and every man would be on guard from 3 o’clock in the morning until after daylight. Judge Symmes, in writing to his agent in New Jersey, Capt. Jonathan Dayton, referred to these parties as follows: “ Whether they will succeed is uncertain; the two surveyors are both celebrated partisans, and have been long used to surveying in perilous places.” December 12, Capt. Kearsey, with a company of forty-five United States soldiers from Fort Harmar, arrived at Limestone, under orders to accompany parties of settlers as a protection to the proposed Miami stations. A Sergeant and eighteen men were at once sent down to Columbia as a re- enforcement to the surveying parties. THE CINCINNATI SETTLEMENT. December 24, Col. Robert Patterson, Mathias Denman, Israel Ludlow, a Mr. Tuttle, Capt. Henry, and about twelve others, left Limestone in boats as a colony for the proposed settlement at Losanteville. The river was running full of ice, and they had stormy weather, and probably stopped at Columbia for a day or two, and finally landed at the high bank on the Ohio opposite the mouth of the Licking River, December 28. Within a few days, under the direction of Mr. Ludlow, who was a civil engineer, the lines of the streets were established and 260 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. the plat of the town staked off; and on the 7th of January, 1789, a distribution of donation lots to the thirty actual settlers there present was made, and the pioneers began clearing up for their cabins. NORTH BEND. Judge Symmes was active in the interest of the settlement which he pro- posed to locate at the mouth of the Big Miami River. January 29, he, with his family, a number of settlers, and Capt. Kearsey, with the rest of his company of soldiers, started in boats from Limestone, land- ing at Columbia for the detachment that had been sent there as a garrison. February 2, finding that the low lands around the mouth of the Big Miami were almost entirely submerged, a landing was made several miles above the proposed town site. Huts were erected for temporary shelter, and in them the colony lived for six weeks. It was Capt. Kearsey’s intention to occupy old Fort Finney, at the mouth of the Miami, but this purpose was defeated by the high waters that cut off communication between the fort and the main land; dis- pleased at the situation, he embarked with his command for the Ohio Falls early in March. Upon application of Symmes, Maj. Wyllis ordered a Sergeant and eighteen men from the Falls as a protection to the North Bend settlement. the mad river country. Maj. Stites and his party had thoroughly explored the valley from Honey Creek to the Ohio, and, being so pleased with the lands around the mouth of Mad River, he at once began negotiations for their purchase. To satisfy himself of their value, and to better understand the nature of the lands, Judge Symmes determined to make a trip up the valley himself. In February, with a small party and an armed escort, he started on the ex- pedition. At Mad River, he found a small band of Indians in camp, but was soon on friendly terms with them, all eating supper together. Several days were spent in examining the country up Miami, Mad River and Stillwater Val- leys, when the party returned safely to the river settlements, reporting that some of the land they had seen “ was worth a silver dollar an acre.” In April, a party of six surveyors, under John Mills, in camp near Mad River, were fired upon by the Indians early in the morning; two of the party, Mr. Holman of Kentucky, and Mr. Wells, of Delaware, were killed. By Maj. Stites’ representations, others became interested in his project for locating a colony at the mouth of Mad River, and in June, 1789, he, for himself, John Stites Gano, and William Goforth, bargained with Symmes for the whole of the seventh range of townships, which included the lands about the mouth of Mad River. They at once began maturing plans for the settlement. The town was to be called Venice; was to be laid off in squares of eight half-acre lots in each. The two principal streets were to cross at right angles at the center of the plat. Spaces were to be reserved in each of the four quarters thus laid off for market houses and public squares. One whole square was to be given to the first Bap- tist Church formed in the town. To “ each other denomination of pious and well and religiously disposed people, who worship the God of Israel, formed in the town within two years after the founding of the settlement,” was to be given a half -acre lot. Three half- acre lots were to be given for “ a capitol, a court house and a gaol.” Out- lots were to contain five acres, and to be sold for $25 each. Half-acre in-lots were to be sold at $4 each. The articles of agreement for the purchase, and between the parties, were signed June 13, 1789, “ at the block-houses near Columbia, commanded by the above-named Benjamin Stites.” One stipulation of this agreement was that a HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 261 road should be immediately cut from Columbia to the city of Venice. Mad River was to have been named the Tiber. This scheme fell through in consequence of the Indian hostilities, and by reason of the delay in negotiations between Symmes and the Government. DETAILS OF PROGRESS. Judge Symmes was unfortunately delayed in all of his negotiations with the Government for the purchase of these lands. He had started from the East before his contract was closed; and, from the fact that he had brought a party of settlers with him, he was forced, although reluctantly, to enter upon the lands before receiving notice of the favorable termination of the treaty at Fort Harmar. He had faith, however, that the Government would issue to him a patent for the lands, and protect him in their possession. Three colonies were now successfully located in the purchase, and only needed the presence of troops to insure prosperity. He issued warrants upon which thousands of acres of land were located, yet he did not receive his patent until by act of Congress in 1792, fixing the boundaries of the purchase to con- form to his proposal of June 11, 1788, for 1,000,000 acres fronting on the Ohio and extending inland between the Big and Little Miamis, the whole breadth of the country so far back as an east and west line to include the 1,000,000 acres exclusive of reservations. The consideration to be paid by him was 66 cents per acre. The Government was to furnish a plat of the purchase, but, by reason of Indian hostilities, the surveys could not be made at that time; and it was after- ward shown that, to include 1,000,000 acres, a tract so narrowed would extend northwardly beyond the source of the Little Miami River, and possibly the In- dian boundary line; and thus the matter rested until, in September, 1791, a patent was granted for as much land as was paid for at that time, amounting, including reservations, to 311,682 acres, between the Miamis from the Ohio River front, extending in the interior to the north line of the third range of town- ships; a line from river to river about two miles north of Lebanon. Judge Symmes, however, did not release his claim to the residue of the 1,000,000 acres lying north of this patent. The Sergeant at North Bend, in June or July, 1789, marched his squad to the Losanteville settlement, to which point most of the settlers soon afterward followed. FORT WASHINGTON. In that summer, Maj. John Doughty, of the United States Army, built Fort Washington in the center of the plat of Losanteville. It was garrisoned with 110 United States soldiers, and for the next six years was the base of operations against the Indians. Small stations and strong block-houses were erected in favorable places around Losanteville and Columbia, and up the Little Miami, Mill Creek and the Big Miami Valleys. Cabins were put up near them, and patches of ground were cultivated by the settlers, who would thus push out into the Territory. These outposts were subject to the bloody attacks of Indians, but they were always repulsed. The extreme outposts were located as follows; On the Big Miami, twelve miles in the interior; the one on Mill Creek, live miles from Losanteville; and the one on the Little Miami, nine miles out from Columbia. December 29, Gen. Josiah Harmar arrived with a re-enforcement of 300 men, and assumed command of the Western Army. The troops then at Fort Wash- ington were Kearsey’s, Strong’s, Pratt’s and Kingsbury’s companies of United States Infantry, and Ford’s Artillery. 262 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. HAMILTON COUNTY. January 2, 1790, Gov. Arthur St. Clair, being then at Losantevelle, by proclamation of that date, established the Symms purchase as a county, giving it the name of Hamilton County, with the following-described boundaries: Be- ginning on the Ohio River at the confluence of the Little Miami; thence down the Ohio to the mouth of the Big Miami; thence up the Big Miami to the Standing Stone Forks (Loramie Creek) ; thence in a line to be drawn due east to the Little Miami River, and down said Little Miami River to the place of | beginning. This line was never surveyed or located. Gen. Hutchings, United States Surveyor General and Geographer, appointed Israel Ludlow to survey |j the lands lying between the Miamis. This work he began in the winter of 1791-92, under protection of a strong military escort; but, the Indian troubles coming on, and for other reasons, the work was noLcompleted until 1801 or 1802. The Miami tract survey extended to the Indian boundary line, and in |j the upper valley was bounded on the east by the Ludlow line, the dividing line surveyed by Col. Israel Ludlow, between the Virginia military lands and the Symmes purchase; this line begins at a point on a branch of the Little Miami River, in the northeast corner of Madison Township, Clark County, and runs north, twenty degrees west, to the head- waters of the Scioto River in Logan i County, intercepting the Indian boundary line near the head spring of the Buck- jj ingehelas (Bohongehelas) Branch of the Great Miami. At the time of the organization of Hamilton County, the proper civil offi- cers were appointed; a militia company was organized, and Israel Ludlow was appointed Captain. INDIAN TROUBLES. The Shawnees declared that the treaty at Fort Harmar had been made by young Indians who were neither chieftains nor delegates, and that the Indian shore of the Ohio must be kept clear of settlements; that the tribes regarded the new settlements in the Miami Valley as encroachments upon their lands, and as such they would be resisted. To this end, a large number of warriors from these tribes gathered in the Scioto Valley and formed a large camp near the Ohio; boats were captured, and many emigrants tortured and killed. In April, an expedition was organized at Limestone against them, consisting of the mili- tia company of Cincinnati, Kentucky troops under Col. Scott, and a force of regulars from the garrison at Fort Washington, all under the command of Gen. Harmar; some in boats and some by land advanced to the Scioto, but found that the Indians had dispersed. July 15, Gov. St. Clair, by authority of Congress, called upon Virginia, Pennsylvania and Kentucky for troops to operate under Gen. Harmar against the villages around the head-waters of the Miami, Maumee and Wabash Rivers, j: At the same time, an expedition was to march under Maj. Hamtramck from Fort St. Vincennes. GEN. HAEMAR’S EXPEDITION. Gen. Harmar left Fort Washington on the 30th of September, 1790, with a force of 1,133 militia, commanded by Col. John Hardin, of Kentucky, and 320 regulars in command of Majs. Wyllis and Doughty, with Capt. Ferguson’s com- pany of artillery and three guns. Their camp on the fourth night was on Turtle Creek, within the present j| bounds of Warren County.' The next day, they crossed the Little Miami and camped on Caesar’s Creek, three or four miles from the present site of Waynes- ville; the trace from there ran up to the Old Chillicothe town, destroyed in 1780, over to Mad River, thence across to Honey Creek, and the burned Piqua towns on the Big Miami; on up Loramie’s Creek, and west to the St. Mary’s, HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 263 j,ncl down to the villages, at the junction of the St. Mary’s and the St. Joseph’s Rivers, at which point the mounted militia arrived October 14, and found the villages abandoned and partially burned. Gen. Harmar, with the main force, jame up three days later. The army burned seven villages in the vicinity, and destroyed 20,000 oushels of corn and a great amount of other property belonging to the Indians, and to the French traders who were settled there. On the 19th, the Indians attacked a strong party of militia that were out icouting, driving them back to camp in a panic; on the 21st the army started >n the return march to Fort Washington; but, on the nest day, against his own judgment, Gen. Harmar permitted Col. Hardin, with a detachment of 360 men, f;o go back to the villages to bring on a fight with the savages. This detach- ment was attacked furiously, and defeated with a loss of 160 killed and miss- ng, and 20 wounded. At noon the next day, the march was resumed. The :orce, in a very demoralized condition, arrived at Fort Washington on the 3d of November. The Indian loss in numbers was trifling, and they immediately organized arge parties to attack the settlements, and through the entire winter of 1790-91, he Miami Valley was full of war parties from the Northern tribes, organized to ittack Ohio River settlements and weak outposts of the army. These parties would come down the rivers in canoes as far as the mouth of Mad River, some- imes as far as the mouth of Twin Creek, arrange hunting parties and a camp |)f supplies, then begin their attacks on picket posts and the smaller settlements. Ill able-bodied men promptly responded to every call for defense, and those who vere able to travel considered it their first duty to obey a summons to join a iarty going to attach the Indian villages. Each man was armed with his own lint-lock squirrel rifle, or flint-lock musket, which he kept constantly loaded at lis side, day and night, at home or in the field at work. Each wore powder lorn and bullet-pouch, and had a supply of patching, and carried a large knife, md dressed in homespun clothes. Their siuroundings required them to be •eady for duty at any instant. Officers and men were armed alike. At the close of the year 1790, there were eight flourishing settlements >n the TJpper Ohio, and the three between the Miamis, with their advance itations. Dining the winter, 400 warriors appeared before Dunlap's Station, on the last bank of the Big Miami, and for twenty-six hours besieged the garrison of thirty-five regulars and fifteen settlers; two of the latter were wounded, and tbner Hunt, a surveyor, was captured and cruelly murdered within sight and rearing of the block- house. The Indians tied him to a sapling, and built a large ire near enough to slowly burn him to death; then, as he became less sensible ’0 pain, cuts were made in his flesh to renew the acute suffering; and finally he savages applied burning brands to his naked bowels. The savages, fearing that re- enforcements would arrive, raised the siege, nit remained close to the settlements until in June or July, destroying the rops, running off cattle and horses, and killing whoever might venture out. [hey became so daring that often, at night, they would skulk through the itreets of Cincinnati, while some of the band would destroy the gardens and Hitbuilding's. O By act of Congress, three strong expeditions were to be fitted out on the ffiio for advance against the Wabash and Maumee tribes. May 23, 1791, Gen. Iharles Scott, of Kentucky, marched against the Wabash towns, destroying nany of the most important ones in the lower valley. Gov. St. Clair ordered a second expedition to the upper Wabash towns, and joI. James Wilkinson, of the army, was assigned to the command. 264 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. EXPEDITION TO THE UPPER WABASH. August 1, 1791, Col. Wilkinson left Fort Washington with 550 mounted men. The first night, they camped at the head of Mill Creek (near where Ham- ilton now stands) ; the second day, they marched thirty miles, and went into camp near the present site of Eaton, and continued their course to the north for two days, then turned west toward the Wabash, which stream they followed to the Ohio, destroying villages, growing grain and crops of all kinds, and taking back as prisoners many squaws and young Indians. In the meantime, Gov. St. Clair had been busy with preparations for a larger expedition, that he was to command in person; with headquarters at Lud low Station, a small stockade six miles from Cincinnati, up Mill Creek, he or ganized a force of 2,300 soldiers and 600 militia, with artillery, cavalry, and all the appointments of a complete army. It was the most formidable force ever, before seen in the West. Under instructions from the Secretary of War, Gen. St. Clair was with this army to move north to the junction of the St. Joseph’s; and St. Mary’s Rivers and build a large fort; then a line of forts to protect his! communication with Fort Washington. ST. CLAIR S EXPEDITION AND DEFEAT. September 17, they marched to a point on the east bank of the Great Miami River and built Fort Hamilton; then marched forty- four miles, and, on October 12, commenced to construct Fort Jefferson, six miles south of where Greenville now stands; October 24, resumed their march, with difficulty making seven miles a day, reaching a branch of the Wabash; November 3, threw up earth works; were attacked by the Indians at daylight November 4. After three hoars’ hard fighting, the Americans were totally routed and driven from camp, with! the loss of all their artillery, baggage and supply trains, and 890 men and 16; officers killed and wounded. The retreat was continued thirty miles to Fort Jefferson. It was the most disastrous campaign that had ever been made in the; West. With the destruction of this army, all frontier settlements were exposed to the savages, who now rushed on, flushed with victory. The rapid retreat was continued. to Fort AVashington, which place they reached November 8. Wilkinson’s expedition. In December, Gen. James Wilkinson was placed in command, and, in Jan uary, 1792, started an expedition to the scene of “ St. Clair’s Defeat,” arriving there February 1, in a deep snow. By the General’s orders, fatigue parties; were detailed to bury the dead and gather up Government property that had not been destroyed, On the 3d, the troops returned to Fort Jefferson. Fort St. Clair, one mile west c f Eaton, was erected in the winter of 1791 —92 Forts Hamilton, St. Clair and Jefferson were garrisoned with troops sent iron Fort AVashington, and, at different times during the year 1792, were attacked bj the Indians, who kept up active hostilities against the whites. Monday night, November 6, Maj. Adair, who was returning from Fort Jefier son with 100 Kentuckians, repulsed 250 Indians who attacked him near For St. Clair. MAD ANTHONY. Gen. Anthony W ayne, an officer of the Revolution, was, in 1792, designate! by President AVashington to succeed St. Clair in command of the AVestern Army In June, he arrived at Pittsburgh and began the organization of his troops through summer and fall this preparation continued, and in the spring of 1793 with his army, he came down the Ohio in boats, and went into camp at tb< mouth of Mill Creek. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 267 Several months were given to drill and organization, while Peace Commis- sioners at “ Grand Glaize ” and the Maumee Rapids were endeavoring to make permanent peace, in which they failed, and on August 17, the meeting was broken up, of which fact Gen. Wayne was immediately notified. October 7, he, with an army of 3,600, marched from Fort Washington up Mill Creek Valley, passed Forts Hamilton and St. Clair. On the morning of the 17th, the rear o-aard, consisting of ninety-one men, was attacked and defeated at a point half way between Fort St. Clair and Fort Jefferson. In December, Gen. Wayne milt Fort Greenville, on the ground on which the town of Greenville now stands, and placed his troops in winter quarters. Near the close of the month, he sent a detachment twenty-two miles to the front to build Fort Recovery on the field of St. Clair’s defeat, which was immediately strongly garrisoned. The army worked hard all winter, drilling, practice-firing and preparing for the coming campaign. All outposts were in constant danger, were fre- quently attacked, but without loss to the Americans. June 30, 1794, Fort Re- covery was attacked by a force of 1,500 Indians and British, who, after a two- lays’ fight, were driven off. They were found to be on the way to the Little Miami River, expecting to camp at Old Chillicothe. July 26, Gen. Wayne re- ceived a re-enforcement of 1,600 mounted Kentuckians, and on the 28th moved forward with his whole army. August 8, he built Fort Defiance at the junction of the Auglaize and Maumee Rivers. August 13, a flag of truce was sent to the Indians, offering peace. On the 16th, it returned, asking for delay, to which the General did not reply, but marched on, reaching the Maumee at the rapids on the 20th, and fought his celebrated battle of the Fallen Timbers, in which he defeated the Indians in sight of the British Fort Miami. The troops camped an the battle-field for three days, and by easy mai’ches reached Fort Defiance August 27, where they remained till September 14, when they marched to the junction of St. Joseph's and St. Mary’s Rivers, and built Fort Wayne, according to the plans given Gen. St. Clair in 1791. A garrison was left at the fort. Octo- ber 28, the army started on the return march to Fort Greenville, and went into winter quarters November 2. D 268 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAPTER V. Wayne’s Treaty — Squatters — Purchase of Lands at Mouth oe Mad River- Surveying Parties — Dayton Platted — Drawing Lots — Formation of Cor, ony- First Settlers — Their Journey Through the Woods — Arrival b: River — Biographical Sketches — Topographical — Dayton Township — Taj Assessment, 1798 — Township Affairs to 1803 — Ohio Becomes a State— The Name — State Boundaries — Montgomery County — General Richari Montgomery — The Original Townships — Enumeration. BRING the winter of 1794-95, constant efforts were made to assembL Indian chieftains of the tribes, in council, to make treaties that woul< insure permanent peace. Gen. Wayne and his aids were seven months in ai ranging the treaties. July 3, 1795, they were finally agreed to, and were signet upon the 3d of August, thus securing to the United States, clear titles to th Ohio Valley lands, from the source of the Ohio River to the mouth of the Wa bash. The news of the completion of the treaty assured to the pioneers perfec safety in opening settlements. People from New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania and Kentuckj were wild with impatience at the delay in opening the land offices; hundred were pushing into the woods, locating “tomahawk rights,” and “squattej claims.” August 20, the following named gentlemen, Arthur St. Clair, Goi ernor of the Territory; Jonathan Dayton, then a citizen of New Jersey, am;, afterward a United States Senator from that State; Gen. James Wilkinson, o Wayne’s army; and Col. Israel Ludlow, from Morris County, New Jersey, coij tracted with Judge Symmes for the purchase and settlement of the seventh an eighth ranges, between Mad River and the Little Miami. On Monday, September 21, two parties of surveyors left Cincinnati to ru the bounderies of the purchase, and to locate a road. Daniel C. Cooper, c Long Hill, N. J., had charge of one party; John Dunlap had the other. The camped the first night at Voorhees’ Station, about nine miles out of Cincinnati The next morning they separated, Cooper and his party to locate and mark, road, partially cutting out the underbrush from Fort Hamilton, up the east ban of the Miami River to the mouth of Mad River. On this road were afterwaij built the towns of Middletown, Franklin and Miamisburg. Capt. John Dunk with his party were to run the boundaries of the seventh and eighth ranges b| tween the Miami Rivers. They followed Gen. Harmar’s old trail for ten mile to Turtle Creek, where they left a Mr. Bedell, who had come along to settj, about six miles west of the present site of Lebanon, and about a mile south it of snow. The hastily- constructed camps afforded but little protection. A oot would be cleared of wet leaves; for the fire, if possible, dry leaves and sticks ere gathered from under logs or out of hollow trees, and the fire kindled by rub- ng together pieces of punk or rotten wood. For a bed, blankets were spread i a lot of brush and old bushes ; thus through such hardships did mothers and fctle ones bear up cheerfully, sleeping in the open air, getting up cold and un- freshed for an early start into another day of fatigue. They were detained >r awhile at the Big Prairie, just below where Middletown now is, then halted Hole’s Creek, arriving here within a week after the other parties. Jonathan id Edward Mercer, with all of their worldly goods in the paniers of a single ick-horse, kept on up Mad River eight miles, and located Mercer’s Station on nd that is now in Bath Township, Greene County. They were the first two hites to settle in the territory now within the boundaries of that county, heir’s was an exposed position, and twice within the next two years, the ivages forced the abandonment of the station. Others settled a little higher |p, at Cribb’s Station, in the forks of Mad River. All of the settlements were moyed by the Indians stealing horses and pilfering generally. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. William Hamer was born in Maryland about the year 1750; with his wife, iary, and children, he moved West, in the spring of 1792, coming down the hio to Cincinnati in a flat-boat, built by himself and son Solomon. At Cin- nnati, they used the boat lumber to build a cabin for the family to live in; tis cabin they occupied until they started to Dayton, in March, 1796. Being local Methodist preacher, and thinking that in the Symmes purchase, as in ie settlement of the Ohio Company at Marietta, Section 29 would be contrib- ted by the proprietors, for religious purposes, he located on that section, up [ad River about three miles. He was mistaken, however, and afterward had f> pay $2 per acre like the rest of the settlers. With the help of his son Solo- ion, and William Gahagan, he built his cabin on the top of the hill, just south E where the C., C., C. & I. and the T., D. &B. Railroads now cross the Spring- eld pike. For fifty years afterward, that hill was known far and wide as Lamer’s Hill. Solomon was, at that time, sixteen years old; Nancy afterward uarried William Gahagan; Elizabeth married William C. Lowry; Thomas was x years old. Sarah Hamer was married in November, 1801, to David Lowry, ho lived up Mad River, near the mouth of Donnel’s Creek, and was one of the irliest settlers in Mad River Yalley; she died, in August, 1810. Polly mar- ed Joseph Culbertson, of Miami County. Dayton Hamer was born December , 1796, at his father’s cabin on Hamer’s Hill, and was the first child born in ae Dayton settlement ; he married Catherine Haney, moved to Illinois, then to 'alifornia, where he died many years ago. William Hamer, Jr., married [annah Culbertson, and moved to Indiana; Susan Hamer married .rider; Ruth married Abram Wagoner; Ellen died single. Mary, wife of William Hamer, died at their home, Hamer’s Hill, August 9, 1825, aged sixty - oree years. W T illiam Hamer met with an accident on his way to Cincinnati, in ie summer of 1827, and died from the effects of it shortly afterward. 272 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Col. George Newcom was an Irishman, born in the old country and came to America, with his parents, in 1775. The family settled in Delaware, but af terward moved to the vicinity of Middletown, Penn. In Washington County. Penn., he married Mary Henderson, who was a native of the State. Their first child, Elizabeth, was born at Cincinnati, May 13, 1794, and died there before the colony started to Mad River. The next child, John W., was born at the Samuel Dick farm, near Hamilton, September 9, 1797; married Martha Grimes, November 21, 1820, and died July 7, 1836; his wife died April 11, 1867; they had five children, all of whom are dead but the youngest, Martha A., who is the wife of John E. Greer, of Dayton. Jane, daughter of Col. George and Mary Newcom, was born at her father’s tavern, at the corner of Main and Water J streets, in Dayton, April 14, 1800. May 20, 1819, she married Nathaniel Wil- son, and lived all of her life on Main street, in Dayton; had nine children four of them yet living — Clinton, Mary J. Hunt, a widow, Elizabeth Bowen, a widow, and Susan, the wife of Josiah Gebhart; Mrs. Wilson died at the resi- dence of her daughter, Mrs. Gebhart, April 5, 1874. Col. George Newcom j was a soldier in Wayne’s army, and also served in 1812; he was the first Sheriff j of this county was afterward State Senator, then member of the Lower House, and filled many other positions of trust in the county. His wife, Mary, died April 3, 1834; June 22, 1836, he married Elizabeth Bowen, who died October 29, 1850. Col. Newcom died, February 25, 1853, aged eighty-two years. Wiiliam Newcom was about twenty years old when he came to the Dayton j settlement. He married Miss Charlotte Nolan, of Kentucky, who, after bis [| death, married John Baker, and, surviving him, married Henry Row. William Newcom was a soldier in the war of 1812, and finally died from the effects of hardships and exposure that he, with others, experienced. Benjamin Yan Cleve was the son of John Van Cleve, who was the son of] Benjamin and Rachel Yan Cleve. John Yan Cleve was born at New Brunswick, j N. J., May 16, 1749; was a soldier in the revolution, serving in his father sjj company. He married Catharine Benham, and, in 1785, settled in Washington! County, Penn. In December, 1789, he, with his family, started for the North- west Territory, and landed at Losanteville, January 3, 1790. June 1, 1791, he! 1 was stabbed in five places, killed and scalped by the Indians, in an outlot atj! Cincinnati. John aud Catharine Yan Cleve had six children. Benjamin was born in Monmouth County, N. J., February 24, 1773; Ann was born at the same place, July 30, 1775, married Col. Jerome Holt/at Cincinnati, and in 1797, set-' tied with him in Yan Buren Township, in this county, and died in March, 1858; William was born in Monmouth County, N. J., in 1777; Margaret, born; at the home place, in Monmouth County, in February, 1779, married — — Reeder, at Cincinnati, and died, in September, 1858; Mary, born in Washing ton County, Penn., February 10, 1787; Amy, born in Washington County, Penn., in July, 1789, married Isaac Shields, and died in Preble County, Ohio. Catharine, the mother of these children, married Samuel Thompson, at Cincin- nati, by whom she had two children, Sarah and Matthew, before they moved to Dayton. Benjamin Yan Cleve, the subject of this sketch, was an upright and' worthy man; when his father was killed by the Indians, in 1791, although but eighteen years old, he took upon himself the care and support of his mother and family. He served in the campaigns of St. Clair, Wilkinson and Wayne — was! a bearer of important dispatches to Washington, New York and return; was in. Dunlap’s surveying party in this Mad River country, immediately after Wayne’s treaty with the Indians; was here again, with Col. Ludlow, to lay out Dayton,! and came as a settler with the first colony, in the spring of 1796. He taught the first school, in the Dayton block-house, in 1799; he served as Clerk of the Court from the organization of the county until his death, in 1821, and was HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 273 he first Postmaster appointed in Dayton, serving in that capacity from 1804 intil the date of his death. In the language of his friend and associate, Col. John Johnson, “ God never made a better man than was Benjamin Yan Cleve.” lugust 28, 1800, he married Mary Whitten, daughter of John and Phcebe vYhitten; they had five children. John Whitten Yan Cleve, born in Dayton Time 27, 1801, died September 6, 1858; William James, born October 10, 1803, lied October 30, 1808; Henrietta Maria, born November 16, 1805, married Samuel B. Dover, September 21, 1824; surviving him, she married Joseph Bond, November 4, 1858, and died, May 18, 1879; Mary Cornelia, born December 2, 1807, married James Andrews, November 20, 1827, and died February 19, 1878 ; Sarah ^Sophia, born November 24, 1809, married David C. Baker, Feb ,-uary 11, 1830, died October 18, 1839. Mary Van Cleve, the mother of these jhildren, was born February 17, 1782, and died December 28, 1810. March 10, 1812, Benjamin Van Cleve married Mary Tamplin, an English lady, but at that time living in Champaign County, Ohio. Benjamin Yan Cleve died Novem- ber 29, 1821; his second wife, Mary, by whom he had no children, died De- cember 19, 1825. Capt. William Yan Cleve, brother of Benjamin, son of John and Catha- rine, was born near Monmouth, N. J., in 1777, and was not quite twenty years aid when he came to Dayton. Although he lived in town for two or three years, he began at once to improve his farm, which was south of Dayton. His first wife was Effie Westfall, by whom he had several children. In 1812, Capt. Yan Cleve responded promptly with his company of Dayton Riflemen, to the first call for troops, and in June they were ordered to the front. After the war, he kept a tavern just south of town, at the junction of Warren and Jefferson streets, and died there in 1828. Aunt Polly, Mary Yan Cleve Swaynie, daughter of John and Catharine Yan Cleve, was born in Washington County, Penn., February 10, 1787. Why she is called Aunt Polly we do not know, but that is the name by which she is best known now. She was born five months before the Northwest Territory was formed; she is nine years older than Dayton, fifteen years older than the State of Ohio, and sixteen years older than Montgomery County. She. with her par- ents, landed at Losanteville the day the name was changed to Cincinnati; six years later, March, 1796, she left there in the pirogue with the party who came up the Miami River, landing at the head of St. Clair street, Dayton, April 1, 1796, and has lived in Dayton ever since. She attended school in 1799 and 1800, at the block-house that stood in Main street at the river bank, and can tell of events happening in every stage of the county’s progress, from the little cluster of cabins of the last century, to the county’s improved and substantial condition of to-day. She was married, to John McClain, in 1804, and by him had ten. children, four of whom are still living; a daughter, Mrs. Jane Swaynie, who lives with her, and three sons, who have moved away from the county. Her husband died, and on December 12, 1826, she married Robert Swaynie; they had no children. Mrs. Swaynie has been a widow for many years; her res- idence is No. 247 Bainbridge street, Dayton, where, for the past twenty years or more, her relatives and friends have assembled to celebrate, with her, each recurring anniversary of her birth. Aunt Polly is in reasonably good health, although, of course, her mind is not so active as formerly. Samuel Thompson came from Pennsylvania to Cincinnati, where he mar- ried Catharine, widow of John Yan Cleve. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson had two children — Sarah, who was about two years old when they moved to Dayton, and Matthew, born in January, 1796; Sarah married John Ensey. Mr. Thompson was drowned in Mad River, in 1817; his wife died, August 6, 1837. 274 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. William Gahagan, a brave and kind-hearted Irishman, who came in Wayne’s Legion from Pittsburgh to Cincinnati, in 1793, and served with that army through the campaigns of 1794 and 1795. He and Benjamin Van Cleve were comrades; in May, 1794, they made a trip down the Ohio to Fort Massac, with contractors’ supplies; returned, in July, to the army. After the treaty at Greenville, he at once engaged with surveyor, Capt. Dunlap, who was then get- ting ready for field work in the Mad River district. His land was up Mac! River, and, for two or three years, he made his home at William Hamer’s cabin, and afterward married Nancy Hamer. About 1804, or 1805, they moved to Mi. ami County, upon land that he owned south of Troy, known as Gahagan’s prai- rie. He was closely identified with the settlement and progress of Troy. His wife, Nancy, died, and he married Mrs. Tennery; he died, in Troy, about 1845. jj The McClures — The father of James, John, Kate and Ann McClure, was jj killed at St. Clair’s defeat; and his widow, their mother, brought them to Day ton, and lived with them in the cabin, at the southwest corner of Water and Mill streets, for four or five years, then moved, with them, to Honey Creek, Mi- ami County. John Davis settled at, or near, the bluffs, and was accidentally killed at the Cooper mill, in 1799; his death was the first that had occurred in the settlement. Solomon Goss, with his family, moved farther up the Miami. Thomas Davis was a Welshman, but came here, with his family from Penn- sylvania, and located on his farm at the bluffs south of Dayton, where he lived until his death. Abraham Grassmire, a German, a single man, and was a weaver by trade. He helped to make the first looms for the settlers, and was handy in the construc- tion of other household conveniences that the pioneers so greatly needed. John Dorough, was a married man when he came here, and was a miller; he owned the mill on Mad River that afterward became the property of Shoup. and since known as the Kneisley Mills, but now owned by Mr. John Harries, of Dayton. Daniel Ferrell was over fifty years old, and brought his family with him; but little is known of him, except that he came from Western Virginia, and settled up the Miami, possibly on lands that are included within the bounds of Miami County. William Chenoweth brought his family with him from Kentucky. He was fifty-five years of age, and a blacksmith, although he did not follow that trade here, for, up to September, 1799, there was no blacksmith shop within twenty miles of Dayton. His land was in the Mad River Valley, and was cut off from this county, in the formation of Greene County. James Morris came West, to Fort Harmar, and was on the expedition un- der Gen. Harmar, in 1790. He was a farmer, and, after coming to this county, was twice married, but died childless. TOPOGRAPHICAL. As these settlers found it, the outlook was a waving sea of green tree-tops, varied only by channels of rippling streams, that spread out like a fan, from just above the location of the little hamlet of log cabins. The clean gravel bed of the Big Miami was the main channel from the north, winding its way through rich bottom lands, from its source down through this beautiful valley; emptying into it a mile above Dayton, was the Southwest Branch (Stillwater); |j just at the town site, dashing, whirling, beautiful Mad River joined the more ! steady-going Miami for a sweep around the point selected for the settlement. A half mile below, on the west side, was Wolf Creek, and five miles further jj down, from among the hills, came Possum Run, a stream of little importance. PERRY , TP. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 277 \Jext was Bear Creek; then Little and Big Twin Creeks; and on the east side >f the Miami, live miles below the settlement, was Hole’s Creek; and just above he bluffs, the Rubicon. Into these larger streams, flowing from springs and akelets, were the numberless little branches, creeks and runs of clear cool vaters; from the marshes and forests, glen and dale, through the bright prairies md broad bottoms, and, bursting from the hills, came the limpid waters to reshen the rivers. From the level disk of prairie, meadows and swails, around the old Macka- ;heek towns, clear, cool Mad River cut its way, fed by rapid-running brooks md bubbling springs of delightful water. The Southwest Branch (Stillwater) vinding through the hills from the northwest, drained an equally fertile section. Wolf Creek and Bear Creek and Little Twin Creek, with their sources with- n the county, were the outlets of the geater portion of the western half of the ■ounty. Big Twin Creek, crossing the southwestern corner oE the county, and initing with Little Twin, at the point where Germantown was afterward located, connected with the Miami a few miles below, in Warren County. Hole’s Creek was the only feeder of any importance on the east side of the Vliami, below Dayton. The southeastern part of the county was partially irained by Little Beaver Creek and other small streams running into the Little Uiami River. Small creeks in the northwest corner of the county, now Clay md Ferry Townships, led to the upper branches of Big Twin Creek. The beauty and fertility of the Miami country had been made known by he earliest adventurers by the returning soldiers of the military expeditions, md by explorers and surveying parties afterward. There was nothing monot- mous in the topography of the county, an ever- changing panorama of hills and 'alleys, sparkling streams gracefully winding through the green prairies and Toodlands. The great rolling ridges of hills lay north and south in chains be- ween the streams, and rising gradually to the level table-lands in the northern )art of the county, around to the county line on the west, and down to the head- raters of Bear Creek and Little Twin. South of that and to the Miami, the lighest land of the county is found; the hills there are about 350 feet above he river, about 600 feet above low water mark at Cincinnati— an elevation of Lout 1,000 feet above tide water. The hills between Mad River and the Miami are not so high or rough, and iway from the rivers, generally run back to the gentle undulations of the more evel country beyond. South of Mad River, and down to the little branches md creeks that lead east to the Little Miami and west to the Big Miami, the ay of the land was that of broad slopes with but little waste. The main stem, the broad, rich bottoms of the Miami itself, from one to wo miles wide, along that river, from north to south, divided the territory that ras afterward formed into Montgomery County — one-fourth on the east side md the three-fourths on the west side of the river. Here the pioneers could hoose from the rich valleys of either the Miami, Mad River, Stillwater, the Twin Valleys, Wolf Creek, or Crooked Salem Creek above, or Bear Creek, or lole’s Creek, and even the hilly tracts were dotted with little green valleys of ich loamy soil — the best of farm lands. From the water’s edge, across the bottoms and up over the hills and sweep- ng slopes, in all directions, was an almost unbroken, undisturbed dense wood. 1 dead silence pervaded the wilderness; neither wigwam or cabin stood any- vhere in this very perfection of forest; a mass of tangled vines and under- growth made a safe retreat for birds and wild animals. To the north and west rare the beach lands, the hill-sides and plains were covered with sugar trees, lickory, elm, ash, walnut and poplars; on the hilltops were groves of stately aks. Timber, water and stone were in abundance. Gravel knolls and ridges 278 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. were most numerous to the south and east, but a good supply of clean gravel could be found in the beds of most of the streams. The uplands were generally a fertile, clayey soil, well adapted to raising tobacco or grain. The rich soils of the bottom lands, however, were to be the line farming tracts; there the light, warm, dry soil would prove inexhaustible, and produce fully double what could be raised in the cold, wet, heavy uplands. The beech lands held so nearly a level position that the streams that had their sources in them were generally of a sluggish flow, and, although being in the highest levels, they were rated as the low lands of the county. The soil of the “ second bottoms,” while thinner than that of the bottoms, was of a loamy, sandy character and very productive. Prairie lands were not a particular feature in the topography of the county, and were chiefly valuable from the fact that they were ready for immediate cultivation, but wherever they were, they were of small extent. W 9 i lands and swamps were taken as so much bad with all of the good The choice tracts of land were the rich, black bottoms, found alike in greai bodies in the Mad River, Miami and Stillwater Valleys, as well as along Woll Creek, Bear Creek and the Twin Creeks — all equally productive. These wm the rich lands, which, to the intelligent eye of the pioneer, promised to blossom 1 as the rose; lands apparently inexhaustible in their resources, and, therefore to attract a good class from the stream of emigrants then moving westward! from the colonies. This valley was indeed a garden spot. The Indian deserted it reluctantly, but God designed that they should have it who could make the most of it. And now the results of the labor of our pioneers show themselves!, Instead of the gloomy forests and underbrush of the river, fields and hill-topi, that arts now smiling acres and verdant gardens, and where the wild pea 1 - vim' once clambered up 4 to meet the sunlight, the gracefully-tasseled corn waves iiji the same breezes that carried the red man’s canoe from shore to shore of th| rivers. DAYTON TOWNSHIP. The survey of the Miami tract by Col. Ludlow, definitely located the north ern boundary of Hamilton County, so that, instead of the line being drawl from the mouth of the Loramie Creek, it extended up the Miami to where thai river crossed the Indian boundary-line in Section 18, Township 2, of Range L of townships, between the Miami Rivers; thence along the Indian boundary-liu to the “ Ludlow line,” thence along that line to the head spring of the Littl Miami River, and down that river to the Ohio. The county embraced the em tire Ludlow survey, of fourteen ranges of townships and the fractional rang;] between the north line of the fourteenth range and the Indian boundary-lira January 2, 1790, the date of the formation of Hamilton County, Gov. Si Clair appointed Jacob Tappan and William McMillan Justices of the Peace fo the county. Their authority extended, of course, throughout all of the teir tory included in the county, but as there were no inhabitants in this uppe 1 country, it is not necessary to notice more than simply the appointment of thes< the first civil officers of the valley. At the time of the settlement at Dayton, William McMillan, Robert Whee. an and Robert Benham were the County Commissioners of Hamilton County Tabor Washburn was Clerk; Daniel Syrnmes, Sheriff; Stephen Wood, Treasure and George Gordon, Coroner. During the winter of 1796-97, Dayton Township and other township, were formed, making eleven in all in the county, viz., Cincinnati, Columbi; Miami, Anderson. Iron Ridge, South Bend, Colerain, Springfield, Fairfiel Deerfield and Dayton. Fairfield Township included the territory east of tl Big Miami, now in Butler County. Deerfield Township included the territoi west of the Little Miami, now in Warren County, and that part of Montgon HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 279 irj County between the Miami Rivers south of the north line of the fifth range )f" townships. Dayton Township was bounded as follows: Beginning at a point >n the east bank of the Big Miami, where it was intersected by the north line )f the fifth range of townships; thence up that river in all its meanderings to he Indian boundary-lino, at a point where said river crossed the said Indian boundary -line, in Section 18, Township 2, in the fom-teenth range of townships, between the Miamis; thence along said line to Ludlow’s line, and down that ine to the southeast corner of Section 5, Township 6, in the eighth range of townships between the Miamis, where was a branch of the Little Miami River; hence down the river to the north line of the fifth range of townships; thence (vest with said line to the place of beginning. The township thus described in- fiuded within its limits territory that now forms portions of the counties of Montgomery, Greene, Miami, Clark, Champaign, Logan and Shelby. All of Wayne, Mad River and Van Buren, with parts of Washington, Dayton and Mi- imi Townships, of Montgomery County, as at present formed, were in Dayton Township. The Commissioners of Hamilton County, on the 10th of June, 1797, at a neeting held at the Mansion House, of Seth Cutter’s, in Cincinnati, appointed Assessors and Collectors for the several townships. James Brady was made Issessor, and John Kitchell, Collector, of Dayton Township. John Kitchell, 'ailing to qualify, Calvin Morrill, was, on the 25th of August, appointed in his lead, and Cyrus Osborn was appointed Constable of Dayton Township. Con- stables made returns of persons and property to the Assessors, who made the iists and assessments, that were placed in the hands of the Township Collectors for collection. The Commissioners and Assessors jointly controlled the disburse- nents, making regular reports to the County Court. The reports of assessments ind collections for Dayton Township for this year, were lost in transit, between Dayton and Cincinnati ; the Clerk was ordered to forward duplicates, and Col- lector Morrill was directed to make return by the 15th of January, 1798. There vere sixteen delinquents in the township, and the Collector made final return, fight of them non est, seven satisfied and one lost. After the lists were re- turned each year, the Commissioners and Assessors met as a Court of Appeals, to hear appeals against assessments. The following orders show the amount of fees paid to these first officers. To Stephen Wood, Treasurer oe the County op Hamilton : Sir — You will pay James Brady Five Dollars and Twenty Cents, out of the first monies that come into your hands, the same being his perquisites in full as Assessor for the Township of Dayton for the year 1797, and this shall be your warrant for so doing. (Signed) William McMillan, ) Commissioners. Robert Benham, ) Nov. 24th, 1797. To Stephen Wood, Treasurer op Hamilton County : Sir — You will pay Cyrus Osborn, Constable of Dayton Towmsliip, One Dollar and Ninety Cents, which by law he is entitled to for his trouble and attention in executing and returning the Commissioners’ warrant for ascertaining the taxable property for the present vear ; and also Fifty Cents for one quire of paper used in the aforesaid business. (Signed) William McMillan, ) Commissioners Robert Benham, f commissioners. Cincinnati, Nov. 24th, 1797. The county expense for stationery for the year was $14.34. The Commis- sioners’ fees for the same time were $7.50 each. Joseph Price was appointed County Commissioner in 1798, injfiace of Will- iam McMillan, whose term expired. Jacob Burnet succeeded Stephen Wood as Treasurer ; John Ludlow succeeded Daniel Symmes as Sheriff; and John S. Gano was appointed Protonothary. 280 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. James Thompson was appointed Constable of Dayton Township for the year 1798, Daniel C. Cooper, Assessor, and George Newcom, Collector. The following rates (valuation for taxation) were fixed by the Commission- ers and Appraisers : Single men with no property $1 00 Cleared land, per acre 20 00 Cattle, per head 16 00 Horses 75 00 Cabins 20 00 Houses 600 00 Grist and sawmills, each 600 00 Boats 200 00 Ferries 1,000 00 Stud horses 1,000 00 LIST OF TAXPAYEKS AND ASSESSMENTS IN DAYTON TOWNSHIP IN 1798. George Allexander $1 12 George Adams 1 33 Thomas Arnett 62 Benjamin Archer 1 33 John Barnett 1 25 Paul Butler 80 Loriam Belcher 1 25 George Boos (living at Dayton) 1 25 John Beatey (living near Cribb’s Station) 1 25 Paterick Broderick 94 Samuel Beck 2 20' John Bailey 57 Andrew Bailey 1 00 John Childers (living at Smith’s Town) 1 07 John Casey 1 00 Daniel Cox 1 00 Daniel C. Cooper (including Vallentine Oyer, his miller) 6 25 William Chapman 2 25 William Chenorth 1 00 James Collier 1 33 William Cancannon 371 John Devor 82 Thomas Davis 1 40 Peter Davis (living at Dayton) 1 00 James Drew (living at Hole’s Station) 1 00 Jonathan Donalds 1 37 Owen Davis (including Owen Batman, his hireling).. 2 80 Thomas Denny (including James Pachston) 4 25 James Demint (including Christopher Kailey) 2 35 John Duncan 87 Philip Espetro 75 Nicholas Espetro 70 Henry Etcheson 1 121 Robert Edgar 1 33 John Ellis 40 John Ewing 3 50 Daniel Ferrell 57 Daniel Flinn 1 20 Benjamin Flinn 1 071 William Gahagen 1 12 Henry Garrett (Smith’s Town) T 071 Smith Gregg 1 36 Benjamin Guinn (living with James Miller) 1 00 James Galloway, Sr 2 50 James Galloway, Jr 1 32 Benjamin Hamlet (Smith’s Town) 1 071 David Huston . 1 371 John Huston 1 30 William Hole 1 73 William Hamer, 2 40 Edward Harlin 1 00 Zachariah Hole 1 87 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 281 Daniel Hole, Sr Richard Hudson 1 Join Hillyard 1 John Haggin - 3 Moses Harlin 3 Jerome Holt 1 William Holmes (including John Teeds) 1 Samuel Holmes (Cribb’s Station) 1 Simon Hughlock (Beaver Creek) 1 Boston Hoblet Alexander Huston 1 John Hole (including Arial Coy) 2 Thomas John 1 John Jackson 1 Soloman Kelley Leonard Leuchman 1 William Loe Jeremiah Ludlow. 1 John Laelley William Lamb (including Michael Woods and John Woods) 3 Nathan Lamb 3 Andrew Lock 1 David Lowrey, Jr 1 David Lowrey, Sr James McDonald (including Jacob Shin) 2 Jonathan Mercer James Miller, Esq 1 Edward Mercer 1 James Morris 1 James McClure 1 Widow McClure David Morris 1 Adam McPersen (Little Miami) 1 Richard Mason John McCabe (including his son) 2 James Miller William Maxwell (including his negro) 2 Joseph Mooney 1 John McNight. . . John McGrew. . . . Thomas Newport Benjamin Nap. . . George Newcome (including M. Bourget) 2 Chisley Nap 1 John Nap 1 Daniel Nap 1 Usual Osborn John Penticost William Peney John Paul 1 James Paul 1 William Paul Matthias Parsons John Quick James Robe 1 Thomas Rich 1 Jonathan Rollins 1 Abraham Richardson 1 Patrick Rock (including his son) 2 William Robbins Benjamin Robbins 1 Charles Sincks Jacob Sincks Anthony Shevalier. Henry Stumm Richard Sunderlin. . William Sunderlin. James .Small 1 Alexander Sampson (living with James Thompson) 1 Benjamin Furman (including Aslam -jEniswirt) 3 37* 03 90 00 50 00 65 00 07 75 13 54 50 00 90 06 70 00 374 31 20 374 37 55 30 40 55 00 30 00 80 37 80 80 30 74 12 12 37* 05 00 50 69 30 00 00 374 374 50 12 00 75 50 63 06 874 00 80 50 92 30 75 374 90 75 75 75 00 37 75 282 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Samuel Thompson James Thompson (including James McCoy). . John Vance Joseph Vance Joseph Vandalagh William Van Asdall James Westfall Jobe Westfall William Westfall (including two of his sons), Andrew Westfall, George Westfall Peter Washington (living with Daniel Plinn) John Welch Joseph Layton Moses Young George Kirkendall 1 75 3 75 1 90 1 70 1 00 90 1 30 75 40 75 12 00 50 00 37* 56 Total |186 66* D. C. Cooper, Assessor of Dayton Township. His fees for this assessment were $7.21. TOWNSHIP AFFAIRS TO 1803. James Smith was appointed Sheriff. The lirst election held in the North- western Territory was that for members of the Territorial Legislature, on the third Monday of December, 1798. The following-named citizens were elected to represent Hamilton County: William Goforth, William McMillan, John Smith, John Ludlow, Robert Benham, Aaron Caldwell, Isaac Martin. Two Cincinnatians, Jacob Burnet and James Findlay, were selected, on the 22d of March, 1799, either by the President, the United States Senate, or the United States House of Representatives (authorities do not agree which) as members of the first Legislative Council of the Territory. In 1799, David E. Wade received the appointment of County Commissioner,) to succeed Robert Wheelan. The following- named officers were appointed for Dayton Township for that year: Constable, Samuel Thompson; Assessor, 1 John McGrew; Collector, John Ewing. D. C. Cooper was appointed Justice of the Peace. The first entry in his docket is dated October 4, 1799. The case was a suit brought by Abram Richardson against George Kirkendall, for $8. The costs in the case were as follows: Summons, 10 cents; entering judgment, 10 cents; subpoena, 13 cents; total, 33 cents. Defendant stayed collection will) John Casey on the security bond. The next case was brought by John Casey against Mathew Bohn, for $6.78. The Squire’s record reads: “ From the cir- cumstances in the case, it appears that there is really no cause of action andj plaintiff is taxed with the costs, viz., Summons, 10 cents, entering judgment, 20 cents; sattisfyed.” Another case recorded is a suit by Winetowah, a Shawnee. Indian, against Ephraim Lawrence, for $7.66, due for furs. The Indian got judgment for the amount and $1.20 costs. The docket runs to May 1, 1803. the date of the formation of the county, and covers 118 cases, a hundred of them certified as “settled," the rest being marked “sattisfyed.” The lands around Cincinnati were more rapidly settled than, this upper part of the valley, because of the protection of the garrison at Fort Wash- ington. Three new townships — Washington, Ohio and St. Clair — were formed in the county somewhere south of Dayton Township, in the year 1799. Assessor McGrew was tardy in sending in his list, and was ordered by the Commissioners to return it by June 28; by July 1, he had it completed, show- ing an assessment of $233.72; of this amount $224.64 were collected. Ichabod B. Miller was appointed Commissioner in the year 1800, and Aaron Goforth, Clerk. July 18, Jerome Holt was appointed Constable of Day-, HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 283 on Township, and was directed to “list” the free male inhabitants of twenty - ,ne years of age and over; for which service he was paid 819.50. The rates f taxation for this year were upon houses, mills and other buildings — 40 cents >n each $100 valuation; horses, 40 cents each; cattle, 10 cents; young or single aen, 50 cents to $2; bond servants, $1 each; stud horses, the rate they stand ,t the season. In 1801, William Ruffin was appointed County Commissioner. Benjamin 7an Cleve was County Surveyor, and was made Lister for Dayton Township; le listed 382 free males over twenty -one years of age. In addition to this num- ier, he found, west of the Big Miami River, twenty-eight, and east of the Little liami less than twenty. Mr. Yan Cleve was paid $29.50 for listing. The ownship paid $576,624 taxes that year. Local officers for the counties and ownships of the territory, had been appointed by the Governor and Courts; nit as the population of the Miami Valley increased so rapidly, it was decided hat other officers were required and should be elected, and the following au- hority was given for an election in Dayton Township: Cerritory of the United States North- J Hamilton County. WEST OF THE RlVER OHIO. f The United States to Jerome Holt, of Dayton Township, greeting : You are hereby equired to give notice to the inhabitants of said township, in three of the most public daces thereof, at least ten days before the first Monday in April next, that they may and hall convene on said day at the house of George Newcom, in the township aforesaid, and hen and there proceed to elect by ballot a Chairman, Town Clerk, three or more Trustees |>r Managers, two or more Overseers of the Poor, three Fence Viewers, two Appraisers of Houses, Lister of Taxable Property, a sufficient number of Supervisors of Roads, and one br more Constables, agreeable to a 'law entitled an act to establish and regulate town meet- ngs. And of this warrant make due return. By Order of the Court. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto affixed the seal of our same Court of General Juarter Sessions of the Peace, at Cincinnati, this second day of March, in the year of our Lora 1802. [seal.] John S. Gano, Cl'k. The names of the officers elected are not known, as there was no record sept; but those who were elected served until the organization of the county, ,ffie next year, 1803. OHIO. By the census of 1800, there were 42,000 inhabitants in that part of the Northwestern Territory now included within the boundaries of Ohio. Applica- tion was promptly made for admission into the Union, as a State. April 30, 1802, the Enabling Act of Congress, for the formation of the State of Ohio, was approved by the President. Linder this act, the first Constitutional Convention of the State was assembled at Chillicothe, on the 1st of Novem- ber, 1802; and on the 29th day of the same month, the Convention, having completed its labors, the constitution, as adopted, was signed by the members, and the Convention adjourned. February 19, 1803, the act of Congress, “To provide for the due execution of the laws of the United States, within the State of Ohio,” was approved by the President. By this act, Ohio was admitted into the Union. Ohio is the “Pennsylvania Dutch” way of spelling the Indian name given to the great river that divided the Indian lands of the north from the lands in possession of the southern tribes. The language of the Wyandots was similar to that of all the Northwestern tribes; that of the Delawares and Shawnees, who were carpet-baggers in Ohio, differed each from the other and from that of the tribes of the West. The Shawnees called the Ohio River, Kisilakep Sepe, the Eagle River; the name given it by the Delawares was Wliingwy Sepung, the Big Stream. The V yandots, who were possessors of the soil north of the Ohio, and whose hunting-grounds were in the Kentucky lands, and who had control of the 284 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. vast regions of the west for a hundred years before the Delawares or Sha' nees came here, gave the name to the river, and it therefore should stand preference to all other names. The Ohio State was named from the Ohio Rj er, and what is said of one applies to the other. The Wyandots had named the river, Ohezuh, great, grand and fair to loi upon. The earliest French explorers called it fair and beautiful. La Bel Riviere , the same meaning as the Indian name Ohezuh — the beautiful riv< After the French occupation of the valley, following the Indian pronunciati* of the name of the river, they call it Oho , then Oheeho. The Pennsylvanians, in their early treaties with the Iroquois, got the narj Oheeo, and spelling it in their Dutch way exactly as it was pronouuced, the “| was substituted for the double “ee,” thus: Oh-ee-o .became Oh-i-o. It was n so spelled or pronounced until a short time before the middle of the last ce tury; after 1744, when attention began to be drawn toward the West. Yirgi ians gave the accent that has ever since prevailed. STATE BOUNDARIES. In no one of the many histories of Ohio has an accurate description of tl State boundary lines been given ; most of the writers have been content to say th Ohio is bounded on the east by Pennsylvania; on the south by the Ohio River; < the West by Indiana; and on the north by Michigan and Lake Erie. From the best accounts of surveys, we find the eastern boundary line begin at a point on the north bank of the Ohio River, just below the mouth Beaver Creek; thence running north, in a direct line, to the northern boundar line of the United States in Lake Erie. The Ohio River, from Beaver Cret to the mouth of the Big Miami, forms the southern boundary line. The weste: line begins at a point on the west bank of the Big Miami River at its junctk with the Ohio River, and extends north to a point, from which a line extend* due east would intersect Lake Erie, northwest of the Maumee Bay. Tl, northern boundary of Ohio, is a line drawn due east, from the point located above, to its intersection with the northern boundary line of the United Stati in Lake Erie; thence with said northern boundary line to its intersection wi the eastern boundary line of Ohio. There was serious trouble between Ohio settlers and the Territorial office of Michigan, as to the location of the line between that Territory and the Staj of Ohio. At one time, the Michigan militia drove the settlers off their land but the matter was adjusted by Congress refusing to admit Michigan into tlj Union unless the line was established as Ohio claimed. MONTGOMERY COUNTY. The first Legislature met at Chillicothe on Tuesday, March 1, 1803. Go St. Clair had become unpopular in many ways, and most of all because of jh| refusal, while Governor of the Territory, to organize new counties in the par of the Territory most thickly settled. March 24, 1803, the Legislature enacted a law for the division of Hamiltc and Ross Counties, and by that act, Montgomery, Warren, Butler and Greei Counties were created. Section 3 of the act reads as follows: “And be it fu ther enacted: That all that part of the county of Hamilton, included within tl following boundaries, viz., beginning on the State line at the northwest corn of the county of Butler; thence east with the lines of Butler and Warren, the east line of Section No. 16, in the third township and fifth range; then north eighteen miles; thence east two miles; thence north to the State lin thence, with the same, to the west boundary of’ the State; thence south, wit said boundary, to the beginning shall compose a third new county, called an RANDOLPH , TP. lff§ HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 287 known by the name of Montgomery.” Section 6, of the same act, fixed the emporary seat of justice, “ Where court should be held at the house of George Newcom. in the town of Dayton.” Section 8 fixed May 1, 1803, as the day the ict should take effect. GEN. RICHARD MONTGOMERY. The county was named in honor of Gen. Richard Montgomery, who was rilled, in the assault on Quebec, December 31, 1775. Gen. Montgomery, son )f Thomas Montgomery, was born in Ireland, in 1736, and was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. In 1754, he obtained a commission in the British irmy and three years later came, with his regiment, to America, where he dis- tinguished himself in the service, and returned to England, in 1763; remained here for nine years, when he left the army, and again came to America. He settled and married in New York, was a delegate to the provincial convention of 1775, and soon afterward was commissioned by Congress as one of the Brigade lenerals of the Colonial army. In the invasion of Canada (1775), he was Raced second in command of the division under Schuyler, and assumed com- nand of the division when Schuyler returned, sick, to Albany. Montgomery idvanced rapidly, and before December had successively captured Chambly, St. Tohns and Montreal. In December, he effected a junction with Arnold, before Quebec. The assault on the town was made the night of December 31. The surprise was complete, but, unfortunately for the Americans, Montgomery, who vas gallantly leading his division, was, with two of his aids, killed at the first ire. His gallant conduct and noble character were eulogized in the British Parliament, and the American Congress passed resolutions of respect and vener- ation for the young hero, and erected a monument, in his honor, in front of St. Paul's Church, Broadway, New York City, to which place his remains were Transferred with great ceremony, in 1818. THE ORIGINAL TOWNSHIPS. Shortly after the law took effect, by which Montgomery County was formed, the Associate Judges of the County Court, established the four original townships of the county — Washington, German, Dayton and Elizabeth Townships. Wash- ington Township included the territory in the southeast corner of the county, from the Greene County line west to the Miami River, and from the Warren County line north about seven miles, nearly the present north line of the town- ship. German Township included all of the territory west of the Miami River to the State line, and from the Butler County line north to a line running west from the Miami River to the State line, parallel to and two or three miles south of the present south line of Miami County. Dayton Township was all of the territory east of the Miami River to the Greene County line, and north of Washington Township to a line near to and parallel to the north line of the eighth range of townships. Elizabeth Township was all of that part of the county north of German and Dayton Townships. At the time Montgomery County was formed, the enumeration showed 526 white male inhabitants, over twenty-one years of age, within its limits; in Greene County, 446; in Warren, 854; in Butler, 836; in the State, 15,314. E 288 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAPTER VI. First Settlements — Emigrant Settlers — In the Clearings — Cabins an Cabin Life — The Squatter Settlements — Tomahawk Eights — D iscout aged Squatters — Order of Township Settlements — Farming — Food- Cabin Affairs — Stock — Sugar Camps — Mills — Log Eollings — Wedding! T HE settlements then on the Miami, at the mouth of Mad Eiver and below an those up the Mad Eiver Valley, on lands that are now in Montgomen Greene and Clark Counties, were made late in the winter of 1795-96, an early in the spring following. The men who had, fortunately, been connects with the surveying parties the summer before, had the choice of lands — nota bly, D. C. Cooper. Capt. John Dunlap, Benjamin Van Cleve, Jonathan Mercei David Lowry, Jonathan Donnel and William Gahagan. These choice tracts o lands were secured by the surveyors for themselves, or for some member of th party, by establishing lines and corners of the desired tracts, then incorporatin the field notes of such special surveys, with the notes of the general survey, tliij giving correct description of the chosen tract, for proper entry at the Goveri ment Land Office. THE EMIGRANT SETTLERS. Later in the year, yet closely crowding in the wake of the pioneer colon} came the steady stream of emigrant settlers as re- enforcements to the little ban of brave sprits who first ventured into the task of clearing the dense woods c the hills and valleys of the Miami. Some located in the bottom lands aroun Hole’s Creek, others below, at Hole’s Station; several selected their lands a sno: distance up Mad Eiver, near the Hamer tract, and two or three families vent ured up the Miami just above Dayton. Eoving bands of Indians forced thei all to keep within rallying distance of the larger settlement, at the mouth t Mad Eiver. Temporary protection was first to be provided. The men were all exper: enced woodsmen. Surrounded by the dangers of frontier life, they could rel upon their own skill, experience and resources, for safety and a maintenance 1 their new forest homes; with poles, against a bank or log, they built half-facecj or three-sided huts, open in front to face the fire, and roofed with bark or skim as shelter for the families, while the men were clearing away for the cabin sites Their situation was not specially uncomfortable; and, although wearied wit the anxieties and dangers of border warfare, and their means of subsistance ei hausted by the delay at Cincinnati ; they hoped now to be able to settle dowj and provide for their families. IN THE CLEARINGS. The men were on guard night and day. By night and by day, at the cabin or in the clearings, the trusty rifle was ready for instant use. When the cabi site was selected, all timber within rifle range was cut down, to deprive prow ing Indians of shelter and temptation for a shot at the settler or his famib While the men were thus at work, felling the timber, the women, too, were buej with axes, grubbing out thickets and digging holes, here and there, wherevij possible between the roots and stumps, to plant corn and potatoes. The me were in the clearings before day, and, by the light of the blazing brush-fire HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 289 •irked until late at night. The ax was the important implement; with it the ckwoodsmen built the cabins, cleared the land, grubbed out the roots and ; imps, cut the wood, blazed and opened the roads, marked his corners, split e rails and built bridges. CABINS AND CABIN LIFE. After the huts were made as comfortable as possible, logs were gotten out ;r the cabins, that were generally put up one and a half stories high. When i is much had been accomplished, neighbors would join in hauling logs, poles, ncheons and clapboards, on bobs and drags, to the cabin sites, and in “ rais- g.” Puncheons were split for the floors; doors were cut out of the logs on ■ e side of the cabins, and clapboard doors were hung upon wooden hinges, Atenedwith a wmoden latch. “ The latchstring always hung out. ” The roof -is of clapboards, held down by weight-poles. The chimney was built of i cks and mud. The upper floor was laid with loose clapboards, and a short Ider was used to go up and down. Wooden pins were used to fasten the- nbers — nails or spikes were not to be had. The beds were constructed by i iving two stakes between the floor puncheons, poles were placed in the forks : d one end between the cracks of the logs; across these poles clapboards were ' id for the bottom of the bed. and dried grass and pelts spread oxer it. Tables lire made of a split slab, with four legs set in auger-holes; three-legged 1 >ols and benches were made in the same manner; pins were driven in the ills, on which clapboards rested for shelves or mantels. Clothing was hung pegs around the cabin, and the rifle, powder-horn and shot pouch hung >on buck-horns over the chimney-piece. This, the primitive log cabin, :omy and comfortable, the home of the pioneers of the Miami Yalley- — the st buildings erected by the whites anywhere in this region. Windows were ft needed until winter. As the cabins were not chinked and daubed, plenty light came in betw T een the logs and by the open door. Feed for the horses d cattle was scarce, but they could find good pickings in the grassy patches : .d the young sprouts in the thickets. The settlers had no great variety of ovisions, and were often reduced to a single dish of broiled venison or wild ; rkey. This, however, arose, not from the scarcity of game, but from the fact, at they could not spare the time to go into the woods hunting until the sup- y of meat was fully exhausted. Their determination to establish themselves their new homes never wavered, and they, in good heart, met and conquered ery hardship. Corn, turnips, potatoes and tobacco were harvested the first ason ; nuts were gathered for winter use : wild grass and fodder was stacked r the stock; so that the little settlement was well supplied with the necessar- 3 and some luxuries for the first winter in the woods around the mouth of ad River. Y illiam Hamer and his family, and William Gahagan, built a comforta- »e cabin on the hill at the Hamer tract, and jointly cultivated a small patch corn and garden truck. In the fall, the cabins were chinked and daubed, d made snug for the winter. Windows were made by cutting out about ree feet of one of the logs and putting in a few upright pieces, pasting on em (instead of glass) pieces of paper greased with bear’s oil, which afforded me light and kept out the rain. The wooden fire-place and chimney were otected from fire by a liberal lining of clay mud. The cabins were scantily supplied with table-ware and cooking utensils, dps of any kind were a great rarity: pewter and wooden plates and bowls pre used; spoons were made of horn: if knives and forks were scarce, wooden tes were made. A covered skillet or spider, a pot or kettle, comprised the jtchen-ware. These were kept scrupulously clean, and usually hung about the antel. ; 290 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. The pioneers were thus kept busy, clearing and building, through the summer of 1796. The little tract of land cultivated yielded an abundant sup ply for the following winter. The woods were full of game, such as bear, deer wild turkey, pheasants, rabbits, raccoons, opossum and squirrels. Wolves, wild cats, foxes and rattlesnakes were also uncomfortably numerous. The riven were full of hsh, and in season wild ducks and geese were plenty. Each mai and boy was the owner of a flint-lock rifle or army musket, and, from practice all were good marksmen. Corn was first pounded in a hominy-block, then shaken through a sieve taking the finer portion for meal to make bread, hoe-cake and mush, and usin: the coarser for hominy. Walnuts gathered by the boys were the only luxuriei enjoyed — except the cob pipe. Having no candles, the only light thev ha< was from the huge log fires that so comfortably warmed the cabins. In thi long winter evenings, additional light was had by throwing on the fires sea soned fagots and the bark of shelly hickory. The women attended to all household affairs, milked the cows, cooked spun, wove, made all the clothing, tended the garden and cared for the winte: truck. Fur skins were used for moccasins, clothing and harness; bear-skim and other pelts were used on the floor and beds. The men hunted and brougk in the meat, planted, plowed and gathered the crops, cleared the land am cared for the stock. Coon-skin caps were generally worn. The hunting- shir was made of linsey or deer-skins; it was long, covering the hips. Legging; were worn over the breeches, wrapped with thongs tied to the moccasins ti keep out mud and water. The weather of that first winter in these backwoods proved favorable fo out-door work; all were busy clearing more ground for the next spring’s plant ing, the women working with their husbands in the clearings, rolling logs ami burning brush, thus providing for the support of their families by extending the tract of ground for cultivation. In addition to the little patch cleared fo garden truck, it was necessary also to prepare a piece of ground for flax and hern}, for. while the men and boys could be clothed with garments made of buck-skin, i was not so with the women. They had to spin and weave cloth for their owl clothing. THE SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS. In 1797, large numbers of settlers came in, who, like those of the yea before, fully intended to locate permanently upon the lands selected, and ha no idea of difficulty in securing good titles; nevertheless, as the situation de veloped, they were all squatters, with no other than squatters’ rights, either i the town lots or farming lands. The whole of this county up to the openin| of the land offices, in 1801, was simply a large squatter settlement. Men would come alone, with nothing but the rifle and hatchet to providj! themselves with food from the forests; two or three would sometimes journe together; others brought their families, and sometimes strong colonies of se\ eral families would come to the frontier to locate together. Such parties, largi and small, were often months on the way, some bringing provisions andplunde on pack-horses or in wagons, while others had no more than the men and woine conveniently packed on their backs. Other parties would load their few houstj hold goods in a dug-out, and pole up the river to Hole’s Station, or Daytoi or higher up the rivers to a near point from which to pack their stuff tkrougj the woods to their lands. TOMAHAWK RIGHTS. Before the surveys, the title fully respected by the settlers of the count;) was known as the ‘‘tomahawk right.” It was made by deadening a few treej near a spring, or at some other prominent point on the tract; and by blazing tret) HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNT!. 291 at the corners, or along the lines. A “ settlement right ” was even stronger, as the pioneer was on hand to defend his property. Either of these rights, however, were recognized as establishing a priority of claim, and were often bought and sold, as it was better to buy the improvements, rather than quarrel with parties who held them. Except at the few open spaces of prairie and wet lands, the county was densely wooded; cabins were to be built, the forests cut down and cleared up, panthers, bears and wolves were to be exterminated. The brave pioneers, in- stead of looking at the immensity of their tasks, went to work to clear the land, little by little, and to till what they could the first year. Good crops of corn, tobacco, hemp, flax, beans, turnips, pumpkins, cabbage and potatoes, were har- vested in 1797; wild grass and fodder were stacked for winter feed; and since that crop, the surplus product of the valley has increased steadily from year to year. So many came without horses or oxen that neighborhoods would join in clearing; and log-rollings were kept up for half the winter; when it came time to burn, the men would fire the heaps, and the women tend the fires, working late at night in favorable weather. For the winter, the children gath- ered walnuts, hickorynuts, hazelnuts, butternuts, chincopins, haws and wild grapes; honey was found in great plenty in hollow trees, and often in the ground, under the roots of dead trees. SQUATTERS DISCOURAGED. The fine settlements on Twin Creek; over in the broad bottoms of the Mi- ami, at Hole’s Station, and at the mouth of Hole’s Creek; in the rich lands up Wolf Creek, Mad River, Miami and Stillwater Valleys, were greatly disturbed at Government delay. Settlers could not afford to waste time in improving land to which they could get no title. Many who had built cabins and cleared land, in 1797, 1798, 1799 and 1800, became discouraged, and sold out, or abandoned their claims, and pushed farther into the wilderness. So that others who came in, from 1801 to 1804, found corn patches already cleared and cabins, that could be bought cheaply, or had for nothing. Former occupants had gone up to the headwaters of the Miami, or Mad River, or had returned to the set- tlements nearer Cincinnati. ORDER OF TOWNSHIP SETTLEMENTS. Without reference to date or order of organization of the townships, we give the list of the townships of the county in the order of their permanent set- tlement. The first settlement was made in the town of Dayton, then Mad River Township, Van Buren, Miami, Washington, German, Jackson, Jefferson, Harri- son, Madison, Wayne, Randolph, Butler, Clay, Perry. Shortly after the arrival of the first settlers, at the mouth of Mad River, a few followed William Hamer to his settlement, farther up, while others settled in the bottoms below Thomas Davis, in what is nowVan Buren Township. Then -Jerome Holt, with his fam- ily, were among the next arrivals; then D. C. Cooper, Robert Edgar, Gen. Jacob Brown, Thomas Arnett, George Adams and Paul D. Butler. In 1797, others followed, locating along Hole’s Creek, in Washington Township, and at the mouth of the creek; then below, where, shortly afterward, the block-house and stockade, known as Hole’s Station, were built by William Hole. For a time, that station was a point from which squatter adventurers would prospect for location, up Hole’s Creek, across the river and up Bear Creek, and in the Twin Creek Valleys. Choice spots, little prairies, the rich loamy lands of Washington, Miami, German, Jefferson and Jackson Townships were thus appropriated. The squatter people erected their cabins, cleared little 292 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. patches of land, and tilled the soil; and thus had occupied almost the entire half of the county when the land offices were opened. There were Indian camps at different points west of the Miami, and small bands of savage hunters were constantly roving through the woods, but the squatters were made compara- tively safe by the outposts of Dayton, Greenville, Piqua and Urban a. The township historians will show that, after the survey of the lands, and the oppor- tunity for purchase was given, that most of the squatters had abandoned their claims, or soon sold out and left. William Mason, the first squatter in Harrison Township, went up Wolf Creek and built his cabin, on Section 30, as early as the year 1800 — cleared a | little patch along the creek, and lived there in seclusion for several years. John Jj Miller and family, in the spring of 1799, settled a short distance up Wolf Creek, where they lived for several years; then entered land north of Dayton. William King came from Kentucky, with his family, about 1801, cut a S road two miles through the woods to his cabin site west of Dayton. John Neff | entered a very large tract of land in the bend on the west bank of the Miami, in the northeast corner of Harrison Township. That part of the river is now known as Peach Tree Bend. The first squatter in Madison Township was John Williams, the farmer, | who, in 1799, lived, with his family, in the cabins at the southeast corner of Water and Wilkinson streets, in Dayton. In 1800, he moved, with his family and stock on to lands up Wolf Creek, at the mouth of Salem Creek — lands j! that he afterward entered and farmed. He became one of the- most prominent and influential men of the county. David Ward and family settled on the rich lands at the mouth of Salem Creek, in the year 1800, and the next year entered the lands. Peter Dietrick, with his family, in 1802, and Samuel Isaac and John Cilery, with their families, settled in the township in 1803. Most of the more thrifty of the first settlers of Mad River and Dayton, and a few up at Honey Creek and Staunton, held “tomahawk rights ” to choice spots of Wayne Township lands, but sold out to actual settlers as they came in. The Indian trail to the north afterward became the pioneer road to Livingston and Staunton; it was the route used by Hull’s army, in 1812, then by Gov. Meigs and Gen. Harrison; afterward became the State road, and now known as the Old Troy pike; was the line of first settlement in Wayne Township. Benjamin Van Cleve lived, for a short time, on his farm on that road, and, in 1801, the Rev. Joseph Tatman, one of the early itinerant preachers of the Methodist Church, came to the township. In 1798, several prospectors, who afterward became pioneers of Randolph jj Township, came, horseback, across the. country, from their homes in Randolph jl County, N. C., in search of new lands, and to this end explored the Stillwater j Valley as far as the falls, selecting lands, which they entered in 1801, and, with jj their families, settled upon in 1802. These first settlers in Randolph Township were David Mast, wife and son; Daniel Hoover and family, and his nephew, Daniel Hoover, with his family, and David Hoover and family. They cut the j road through the woods to their lands, on the banks of Stillwater, in the north- jj east corner of the township. The bottoms along Stillwater were the choice lands of Butler Township, j! and therefore were the first taken up by settlers. When the land office, at jl Cincinnati was opened, in 1801, most of the rich lowlands along the river, had been “ blazed” for entry; and j the southwest corner of the township soon be- Jj came a bustling little settlement. A few years later, flat-boats were regularly jj loaded there for the Ohio River and Mississippi markets. Henry Yount, Thomas Newman, George Sinks and John Quillan were the first settlers to im- prove their lands. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 293 Clay was not one of the earlier settled townships; certainly there were no squatters in that part of the county, and the cold clay lands were not in de- nand until in 1803. In 1804, John Rohrer, with his family, settled a little lortheast of the center of the township. Then came John Spitler, and in 1805 lie township began to till up. If there were any settlers in Perry Township prior to 1805, they became lissatistied and sought elsewhere for richer, better- drained lands. But in 1806, ts the more desirable locations on Twin Creek, to the west, and on Stillwater, ,o the east, were taken up, then settlers began to locate on the flat, beach lands if Perry Township. In 1799, the whole valley, as far north as the Indian Line, was dotted with iiabins, and at Loramie's Station there was quite a busy little trading-post. The progress of the settlement of Miami Yalley was never checked; settlements increased steadily in numbers, and gradually spread over the hilly lands, yet here was always an uneasiness about the Indians, that caused precaution against outbreaks. Stockades were built, in 1799, in different parts of this bounty, and many times the people were assembled for mutual protection. In 1806, and in 1810, there was great alarm; then, during the exciting war times —1811 to 1814 — special guard was necessary. FARMING. The yield of crops in the bottom lands soon developed the good judgment shown in their selection, although at first they were very wet. The implements used in farming were few and simple. Plows were made of jack-oak sticks, shaped and sharpened somewhat like a shovel-plow, and the first improvement was a curved branch of a tree pointed with a piece of iron. Axes were often used to cut out the sod, and between roots and stumps, to make holes in which to drop the grain, or to plant potatoes; planting was all done by hand, the big weeds were pulled out by hand or clubbed down. Seed was covered by drag- ging a tree- top behind a pair of bullocks. Sickles were first used, then the handles were lengthened, then the blades, then fingers were added, and that made the cradle that was used until modern machinery came in. In handling hay and other crops, wooden forks, made from forked brush- wood, were used; there were no barns for storing unthrashed grain, and the newly-cut crops were therefore stacked. Grain was thrashed with, flails, or tramped out with horses; com was gathered and shelled by hand; potato-digging was accomplished with pointed sticks or paddles. FOOD. The truck-patch supplied vegetables in plenty for the table. Mush, corn- pone and hominy were, for the first few years, the only bread used in the cab- ins. Mush and milk was a standard dish, Milk was a great item in the sup- port of the families; and one of the first things a settler did was to buy, trade or work, to own a cow; where there was a herd, one cow would wear a bell which could be heard a great distance through the woods. One of the first du- ties in the morning, was to listen for the bell, the tone of which was as famil- iar as the voice of any of the family. When, for want of pasture, the milk supply was short, hominy and mush were cooked in sweetened water, bear’s oil, or the grease from fried meat. Eggs were in fair supply from the nests of wild turkeys, geese and ducks; and the tables could be provided with venison and bear meat. The desirable locations for the cabins were near springs, branches and never-failing streams; wells were hot dug until the farms were fairly started, then the old familiar well-sweep was to be found in some shady spot near the improvement. 294 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CABIN AFFAIRS. All were on a social equality; rich and poor dressed alike — the men wear iug hunting-shirt, buckskin pants, moccasins and fur caps; and the women dressed in coarse garments, made with their own hands. Almost every house contained a loom, and almost every woman was a weaver. Almost every family tanned their own leather. The tan- vat was a large trough, sunk in the ground; bark was easily obtained and pounded up. The leather was coarse but durable. Bosy-oheeked lassies, in linsey-woolsey dresses, were wooed and wedded by the I hardy pioneers clad in these buckskin garments. There were no roads through the woods, but the trees were blazed to show jj the route to the cabins; soon bridle-paths were worn that were finally cut out for roads. In this way, the roads to Springfield, Xenia, Waynesville, German- town, Eaton and Greenville were located. Without calenders, time was reck- oned accurately enough for all pioneer purposes; years were remembered by events that had occurred, such as floods, tires, continued snow or rain, hot spells, weddings, sickness and deaths. The seasons were reckoned by the routine of farm life — corn-planting, corn-plowing, harvest, corn-husking, seeding-time and frost. Time of day was designated by the hours, from sunup, midday, and the hours until sundown. Signs and traditions had very great influence over the people. STOCK. Horses and cattle were brought to the county by many of the pioneer par- ties that came; but both cattle and horses were small, and were not much im-|! proved until after 1820. In February, of 1799, there were continued deep snows and very cold weather, causing great suffering among the live stock through the valley, as there were no barns and but little other protection for them. I). C. Cooper raised the first hogs in the county, in 1799, on his farm, in Van Buren Township, a mile south of Dayton. They were the old-time, long- legged, slab-sided, ugly, savage “elm-peelers.” It was said, if an “elm-peeler ” heard, a hundred yards away, an acorn rattling, as it dropped through the leaves, he could run and catch it on the first bounce every time. They increased; wonderfully in numbers, were marked by iheir owners and turned loose to feed 1 and fatten; then, in the fall, when butchering time came, the settlers would!' hunt them up in the forest and shoot them with the rifle. The mast of 180b and 1802 brought in wild turkeys in such numbers that they became a nuisance to the settlement, as well as destructive to the growing corn, and to save the crop it was gathered early. The hogs fattened on the great crops of acorns and| beachnuts, and did not suffer much from the attacks of wolves, as they cad learned as a matter of defense to go in droves, and when threatened, would form a circle around the young pigs, and when a wolf approached too near, they became aggressive, and would tear him to pieces with their tusks. Sheep were; brought to the colony in the spring of the year 1800, but for many years after ward, wolves were a great drawback to sheep raising. It was not safe, at any[ time, to allow them to graze on the hills without the most careful watching, and it was necessary to keep them in strong pens at night. Wool was carded by hand, spun in the cabins, dyed, woven and made into clothing by the women. | In later years, horses and cattle were branded; hogs and sheep were marked by slitting, cropping, or cutting the ears, so that each farmer could tell his own stock, and each peculiar mark was registered with the Township Clerk. SUGAR-MAKING. The spring of 1797 was favorable for sugar-making, and each year, as the number of settlers increased, greater quantities of “tree-sugar” were made. Al- James H. Monger. WASHINGTON TP. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 297 though kettles were scarce, camps were rigged up, and the boiling continued as loner as the sap would run. Troughs were made of bark sewed together at the ends with elm-bark strings; a stick across the center held the bulge. Split strips or elder quills were driven into a split m the tree to run the sap into the troughs. The old camp, with its primitive appliances, is no more; the kettle has been superseded by the pan, and the trough has become a mass of crumbling- decay. The women and children are kept at home, and no longer know the old- time delights of “ sugaring- off,” though in the past their services were not de- spised, and the whole household set up its abode in the woods. In that way sugar was made, and when the sap flowed profusely the operations were contin- ued through the night, and the fires cast strange shadows in the woods. But, instead of a hut of logs, a permanent sugar-house is now built, and furnished with many elaborate devices to prevent waste and deterioration. One change has certainly not been for the better, and that is the abandonment of the social life of the old camps, which made sugar-time a grand frolic. MILLS. Every expedient was resorted to to get corn cracked into meal. The “hominy- block” was unsatisfactory, and grating by hand was worse. The stump-mortar was made by burning a round hole in the top of a stump; a spring pole was rigged over it, with a stone pestle attached. Hominy was first made by hulling born, soaking the grains in weak lye, then cracking in the “hominy-block,” or in the improved “stump-mortar.” The hand-mill, although hard, slow work, was a welcome improvement, and soon one stood in the chimney-corner of every cabin. The stones were about four inches thick, and were broken down as nearly round as possible to about twenty inches in diameter. On top of the upper stone, near the edge, one end of a pole was fixed, the other end working in a socket in a piece of timber on the floor overhead. One person turned the stone by hand, while another fed the corn into the eye. It took two hours to grind enough meal to supply one person for a day, the operators often changing places in the work. Before the cabins were all supplied with these hand-mills, neighbors sometimes shouldered a peck or half bushel of corn, and carried it five miles to the cabin of a settler who had one, grind his corn, and return with the meal. Flour was very scarce, and, at this time, was all brought from Cincinnati, and, as we 'have said, was very expensive. Most of the settlers kept a small quantity laid by for use only in case of sickness. Those who could afford it had biscuit for breakfast on Sunday morning, baked in a spider before the fire. Corn-pone, dodgers and flap- jacks, supplied them for the rest of the week. Those who could not afford to buy flour would run the wheat three or four times through these hand-mills. The next advance made was when these little mills were rigged to run by horse power, by fastening a pole across the stone, hitching the horse to the end of the pole, and driving him round and round a circle. The next im- provement was made in running a single pair of stones by water-power. The wheel was a simple paddle wheel, run by the natural current of the stream, and, although not reliable, was good enouo-h to grind all the wheat and corn tnat the settlement needed. The first mill built anywhere in the Miami Valley, north of the fourth range of townships, was a small tub-mill, built by William Hamer, to grind corn. It stood where Water street is now located in Dayton, just east of, and near to, the canal bridge. The water was brought across from the mouth of Mad River by a small race, and the tail race ran down the present course of the canal. 298 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. In the fall of the year 1799, D. C. Cooper started a small distillery on his farm, two miles south of Dayton, on Rubicon Creek, Van Buren Township, and between the pike and canal as now located; and shortly afterward he built a saw-mill and “corn-cracker,” each run by water-power. The saw-mill power was a paddle-wheel; the “corn-cracker” was a tub-mill. He had four posts set in the || ground, about four feet apart, two on each side of the creek, forming a square; the posts stood four feet above ground, and on top of them was a puncheon [ floor, and on that a small pair of buhrs were set. To the perpendicular shaft the “runner” was attached, the shaft passed through the bed-stone, and at the lower end was the horizontal tub-wheel. Four forks were planted to hold the poles, on which were laid the clapboard roof, to keep the rain out of the hop per. The sides of the mill were not inclosed. This little mill had most of the trade from the upper Miami country, and from up Mad River as far as Spring field. Soon after that, possibly in the year 1800, a small overshot mill was built on McConnell Creek, just south of where the C., C., C. & I. R. R. now crosses the Springfield pike, in Mad River Townhsip. Settlers, in coming to the Cooper mill, would sometimes bring pack-horses || loaded with sacks of corn, following the narrow trails through the forest. || They came equipped to camp along the way. Rifle, ammunition, an ax, com- pass, blankets and bells, were necessary. Halting to camp at night, the horses were unloaded, bells fastened around their necks, and they were turned loose j to graze. The fire being built, supper was cooked and eaten, after which the jj lonely traveler spread his bear-skin for a comfortable sleep; then breakfast and! an early start next morning for the mill. After such a journey, the pioneer! would often have to wait a day or two for his turn. With the increase in population, water-wheels and mill machinery were rap- idly improved after the year 1800. The mill-dams were usually made of brush,! and were often washed away by spring freshets. Millers made their own buhrsj! out of limestone or granite bowlders; “raccoon buhrs” were a later improvement. WINTER WORK AND RECREATIONS. Log-rolling, house-raising, quilting-parties, eorn-huskings and shooting ' matches brought the men, women and children together for a frolic. Frequent- ly they came twenty miles distance to participate. All hands, after performing! their share of the work, enjoyed a big dinner; the younger people dancing all; night till broad daylight, to go home for breakfast in the morning. Early to bed and early to rise, was the motto and practice of the pioneerB. ;! Winter evenings in the cabins would have been too long and tedious; there, was, however, always some little work to be done, in which all of the family could engage, as they sat in the fire-light around the big comfortable log-fire. Some would shell corn, scrape turnips, grate pumpkins for bread, stem and, twist tobacco, plait straw for hats and break llax, all to the music of the spin ning- wheel. But little time was given to sports and indulgence in luxury, rich and poor alike being compelled to labor. Young folks would gather in the winter at some of the larger cabins for a dance. The music would begin'; early, and, as most of the boys could fiddle, they kept it up until daylight, mak- ing it merry on the puncheon floors, the dancers often having to stop to pull big splinters out of the heels and soles of their shoes. The dances were jigs, four handed reels, double- shuffle, break-downs, scamper-downs and Western-swingj It was customary for the men folks to make a “stew” for all hands. After tRe dancing was in full glee, a big fire would be built out in the road; a big kettl^j was placed on the fire, in which to boil the stew that was made as follows: Sev eral gallons each of water and whisky, sweetened with tree-sugar; allspice and butter were also used. Men and women would drink of it as they liked through the night, always, however, in decency and moderation. HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 299 WEDDINGS. It was the custom among the pioneers tu many young. All were on a so- ial equality. Very little time was given to “keeping company;” the first im- ressions of love generally resulted in a wedding. The law permitted the carriage of “male persons of the age of eighteen years, female persons of the o-e of fourteen years, and not nearer of kin than first cousins;” and required that notice should be given either in writing, posted at some conspicuous dace within the township where the female resided; or publicly declared on wo different days of public worship.” Weddings were the grand occasions f the early times. The frolic was anticipated with the brightest expectations, 'he ceremony usually took place before noon, immediately upon the arrival of he groom and his friends. The gentlemen were dressed in linsey hunting- liirts, far caps, leather breeches, leggings and moccasins; the ladies in linsey etticoats, heavy shoes, stockings, handkerchiefs and buckskin gloves. Any rnaments they had were relics of old times. Jokes were practiced on such oc- asions by the young bloods of the neighborhood. Grapevines were tied across he road to trip the horses, and an ambush was formed to frighten the girls nd the horses ; trees were felled in the road and other tricks were played to xcite and annoy. The dinner after the ceremony was always generous. Bear neat and venison, potatoes, cabbage and turnips were served in wooden and iewter plates, on a split slab table. Dancing began immediately after dinner, nd lasted till the next morning. Reels, square dances and jigs, were in order. |iome of the jigs were called “cut out.” When either of the couple got tired, he place was at once supplied from the company, and in this way the musi- ians were the first to be worried out. If any of the crowd hid away during he night for rest or a nap, they were hunted up and put on the floor. It was he custom for the young ladies to steal the bride away and put her to bed. 'hey had to climb the ladder from the lower floor to the loft. The guests rould never let on that they were noticed. The young men, in the same way, onducted the groom to the bed of his bride, while the dance went on. Seats /ere always scarce, and after 'every dance each young man would hold a girl in iis lap (a kneesy position). Toward morning, some one would suggest refresh- ments for the new couple, when as many of the party as there was room for, rould go up the ladder with the bottle and lunch. The bride and groom were Compelled to eat and drink. To give the young people a start in life, it was customary for all hands to urn out and put them up a cabin. A day would be designated soon after the redding for the neighbors to assemble. The party was divided into squads as hoppers, haulers and carpenters — a division to get out the puncheons, and an- other to split the clapboards ; four-corner men to place the logs and carry up he corners, and a squad to split the chimney sticks out of oak hearts. The :abin was built of round logs; a hole, six or eight feet wide, was left in one *nd, in which to build the fire-place of bowlders or flat stones, laid in mud mor- ;ar, and kept in place by a pen of split logs built on the outside; the chimney vas built on top of this, laid up in clay mud, and lined with mud. There vere jolly times at these raisings, sometimes taking three or four days to finish he cabin, and the whole affair would wind up with a house-warming and an- ther all-night dance. Then the cabin was considered ready for the newly- narried couple. The first wedding in the Dayton settlement, of which there is a record, was ■he marriage of Benjamin Van Cleve to Mary Whitten, August 28, 1800, at her other’s house, near Dayton. The bride was described as a likely girl, young, ively, industrious and ingenuous. Her marriage portion was a few household 300 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. and kitchen utensils a bed, a cow and a heifer, a ewe and two lambs, a sovs |j and pigs, a saddle and spinning-wheel. Another groom, with his bride, brought with them, on the wedding-day ! to their new home in the village, all of their worldly goods. He had gone on: for her on horseback, and, after the ceremony, she was placed behind him or the horse, and thus they rode home. She carried two pewter plates, two cups, a knife and fork, and a small sack of meal; these, with the horse crittter, were all they had in the world. Cotton check cost a buckskin per yard, and, as it took five yards for j|j dress pattern, the bride who could have one in her wedding outfit was counted one of the belles. One of the pioueer fathers, when his daughter was married, gave her a loai of bread, a piece of pork, some potatoes, and loaned her a frying-pan. Tim was all the young couple had to begin the world with the day they moved jnto! their log cabin, twelve feet square. The groom made two wooden knives and) 1 forks to use at their first meal. When, in the spring, necessity required thaij he come to the village to trade pelts for a yard and a half of calico, in which tc) dress the baby, there was none to be had. In the emergency, his wife cut up a pair of his pants to make the first frock for the baby; and for a cradle, the baby was rocked in a buckeye trough. This notice, copied from the Magistrate’s docket, was displayed on a tree up near Staunton: To all whom it may concern : — Know ye that Michael Carrer and Miss Lennon, (laugh : ter of the widow Lennon, both of Staunton, will be joined in the holy banns of matrimony on Wednesday, the 7th day of October, 1801, agreeably to a law of the Territory of thf Northwest, providing for marriages. Given under my hand this 11th day of September, 1801. D. C. Cooper, J. P. for the Territory. 'W HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 301 CHAPTER VII. 'he County Seat — County Court — The Log Jail — Elections of 1803 — First Commissioners — Tax Duplicate 1804 — 1804-05 — Randolph Township — Jefferson Township — The Brick Court House — Schools — Division of Montgomery County — -Roads — Fruits — Whisky — Indian Summer— Hunting and Trapping — 1808 — Madison Township — Militia — First County Con- vention — Wayne Township — 1810-11 — First Stone Jail — Earthquakes — Influential Men of the County — War Times. the county- seat. D AYTON had been designated as the temporary seat of justice of Montgomery County, until the county seat should be located by Commissioners, to be ap- ointed by the Legislature for that purpose. April 5, 1803, Ichabod B. Halsey, •laden Ashby, and William McClelland, were appointed, by joint resolution, as Jommissioners, to select and locate the county seats, in the counties of Mont- omery and Greene. By such authority, Dayton was designated as the coun- y seat of Montgomery County, and Xenia as the county seat of Greene County. COUNTY COURT. The first court was held in the upper room of Newcom’s Tavern, on July 17, 1803. Hon. Francis Dunlevy, President of the First Judicial District, pened the court with the following as Associate Judges: Benjamin Archer, of lenterville; Isaac Spinning, a farmer living four miles up Mad River; and Tohn Ewing, of Washington Township. Benjamin Yan Cleve was Clerk pro em. ; Daniel Symmes, of Cincinnati, was Prosecutor; George Newcom, Sheriff; nd James Miller, Coroner. The ceremony of opening court was conducted in all dignity and form. Yhen the Judges and other officers had taken their positions in the room, and he crowd had become somewhat quiet, the Sheriff, with a rap, commanded or- ter, and proclaimed: “Oh, yes, this court is declared open for the administra- ion of even-handed justice, without respect of persons; none to be punished vithout a trial by their peers, and in pursuance of the laws and evidence in the ;ase.” The Presiding Judge and State’s Attorney instructed the Associate Judges, Sheriff, Clerk and Coroner, as to their duties; there being no other business to ransact, court adjourned the same day. Nearly the entire male population of he county were gathered for a frolic and to enjoy the opening of the court. Lawyers and Judges slept together in one room in the old log tavern. The lext morning, J udge Dunlevy. with the State’s Attorney and lawyers, mounted 'heir horses and rode to Xenia to open court in that county. J udge and lawyers rode on horseback from court to court, through the for- ests, taking with them their papers and law books, and provisions for the trip, pften being compelled to camp out by the roadside. The roads were few and rough. Sometimes it was preferable to follow the compass rather than the nar- row, winding roads. Often when the waters were high, travelers were compelled to swim all streams on their route. The second session of court was held here on the 22d of November, of the oame year. The Grand Jury held their session under a tree back in the bushes; I 302 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. the crowd gathered around them so that the aid of the Sheriff was called to keep them from hearing the testimony of witnesses and the deliberations of the ; jury. The first indictment was against one Peter Sunderland, for an assault and battery on Benjamin Scott, “ then being in the peace of God and of out State.” Sunderland pleaded guilty and was fined $6 and costs. Two othei criminal cases and four civil cases were also tried, and court adjourned next day. For the first few months of Col. George Newcom’s administration as Sheriff of the county, there being no jail, it was his custom to put the white, prisoners in an old, unwalled, dry well that was on his lot; and when it was necessary to arrest Indians, they were “ bucked,” and fastened in his corn crib. As there was but little money in circulation, penalties were often imposed by fining the parties five deer skins, a bale of pelts, or from 100 to 300 bushels of corn; one man was fined a barrow pig, another 200 pounds of pork. Secur I ity was required in so much corn or other produce. The punishment for nearly all minor criminal offenses was a sentence of from one to thirty-nine lashes onli the bare back of the offender; the sentence was usually immediately carried into effect by the Sheriff. The court sometimes, to emphasize the sentence, would add, “ and well laid on.” Owing to the trouble of caring for the pris- oners who were sentenced to confinement, it was always a source of gratification to officers and citizens to know that such had escaped from prison, and left) the community. THE JAIL. The Sheriff held prisoners as best he could until the first log jail was built in the fall of 1804. On the 9th of August, the Commissioners ordered the Clerk to advertise for the building of a round-log jail. September 28, the Board sold the contract for the building at auction to the lowest bidder, David Squiers, for $299. The agreement was that it should be done in a good, work manlike manner. The building was soon completed, and was accepted by the 1 Commissioners the following December. It stood on Third street, at the weal end of the court house lot. The building was thirty feet long, sixteen feet wide' and twelve feet high. A log partition divided the jail into two apartments; the, floors were of hewed logs, closely laid and covered with heavy plank, secured with wooden pins; the ceilings were also of heavy planks. There was no communica- tion between the two cells, but each had an outside door of two-inch plank, spiked and hung on iron hinges. One cell was lighted by a single window of four lights; the other cell had two windows, of twelve lights each, all eight-by-ten glass. The windows were secured with iron bars and shutters of two thick- nesses of two-inch plank. In one of the cells a stone fire-place was built, | with a back wall four feet thick. The doors and shutters were secured by locks on the outside, the keys to which were kept by the Sheriff at his tavern,! at the upper end of Main street. During court sessions, it was customary tc appoint a door-keeper, whose duty it was to take prisoners into court and return them to jail. This first jail was a strong box, answering every purpose of a i prison until after the war of 1812, and was not torn down until it became desirable that the Sheriff should live at the jail. ELECTIONS OF 1803. The first election held in the county after its organization was for Member of Congress, June 21, 1803. The following shows the vote cast: Dayton Township — Jeremiah Morrow, 43; William McMillan, 61; Wil- liam Goforth, 0. Washington Township — Jeremiah Morrow, 67; William McMillan. 27; William Goforth, 1. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 303 German Township — Jeremiah Morrow, 3; William McMillan, 51; William Goforth. 2. Elizabeth Township — Jeremiah Morrow, 62. Total — Morrow, 175; McMil- an ,139; Goforth, 3; total, 317. The returns were signed, Isaac Spinning, John Ewing, Associate Judges; Benjamin Van Cleve, Clerk. The election held the second Tuesday in October, was for Sheriff and Boroner, with the following result: For Sheriff — Dayton Township — George Newcom, 69; John Gullion. 1. Washington Township — George Newcom, 39. Elizabeth Township — George Newcom, 33. German Township — George Newcom, 7. Total — Newcom, 148; Gullion. 1. For Coroner — Dayton Township — James Miller, 69; D. C. Cooper, 1. Washington Township — James Miller, 40. Elizabeth Township — James Miller, 33. Total — Miller, 142; Cooper, 1. No votes were cast for Coroner in German Township. ELECTION APRIL 2, 1804. Monday, April 2, 1804, an election was held for County Commissioners There were twelve candidates; only five of them, however, received any consid- rable number of votes- Edmund Munger, John Devor and William Browne vere elected. The first session of this first Board of County Commissioners vas held at Newcom’s Tavern, June 11, 1804. They decided by lot the length >f time that each should serve, resulting as follows: William Browne, three rears; Edmund Munger, two years; and John Devor drew the short term, vhich was until the next annual October election. At a meeting of the Commissioners, August 4, it was ordered that a tax be laid on all the items of taxation in Dayton, Washington and German Town- ships, as high as the law allowed, amounting to $458.40, and, in Elizabeth Township, two-thirds of what the law allowed, amounting to $48,824. It must ie remembered that the county, at that time, included the territory now in Preble, Montgomery and a portion of Clark, and extending north to the State boundary line. TAX DUPLICATE 1804. A list of names of resident proprietors of lands in Montgomery County, in 1804, and the land tax by each: Adams, George $2 80 archer, Benjamin 2 40 Aiken, James 80 Archer, James 50 Archer, Samuel 50 Broadaway, Samuel 80 Bigger, Abigail 2 40 Baltimore, Philip 30 Blair, William 50 Beck, Samuel 75 Bailey, John 80 Beck, John 30 Banta, Abraham 3 72.6 Byers, James 2 20 Bowman, John, Sr .....' 68 Bowman, David 52 Bowman, John, Jr 70 Bennet, Benjamin 53 Brower, Christian 50 Brower, David 35 Bowser, Daniel, Sr 5 25 Bowser, Philip 70 Bowser, Daniel, Jr 1 05 Bowser, Henry 70 Bradford, John 80 Barnett, John - 60 Bolton, Samuel 50 Bigger, Jonathan, and S. White. . . 3 20 Banta, Albert 47 Buckles, John 1 85 Bowser, Daniel, Sr 1 12.5 Cooper, Daniel C 6 65.7 Clark, Joseph L 1 10 Clawson, Thomas 60 Clawson, Josiah 50 Clawson, Peter 80 Craig, John 98 Chevalier, Anthony 28 304 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Crane, Joseph H. . Crothers, James.. . Clark, William. . . . Davenport, Jesse.. Devor, John Davis, Thomas. . . . Duncan, John Day, John Day, Robert Davis, Hannah. . . . Demott, Abraham. Donnel, Jonathan. Ewing, John Eastwood, John. . . Ewing. James Ellis, William Edgar, Robert Ewing, Robert Eadings, Benjamin Ellis, Rowland. . . . Ferrel, Daniel Fouts, Henry Fincher, William.. Fout, David Fout, William Fout, Jacob, Sr. . . . Gillespie, James. . . Gregg, Smith Gillespie, George. . Gerard, Abner Gilchrist, Robert. . Grilling, Daniel . . . Gerard, Jacob Hatfield, Thomas. . Hatfield, William. Hole, John Hole, William Hole, Zachariah. . . Horner, Nicholas. . Haggin, John Harding, John. Harding, Robert. . . Heck, Jacob Hawkins, Samuel. . Hatfield, Jonas Hartsel, Abraham. Howard, Samuel. . Holmes, William.. Huston, Edward. . . Huston, John Hoover, John Hoover, David. Hoover, Daniel. . . Hamer, William. . . . Hosier, Abraham. . Huston, Alexander. Hole, Zachariah. . . , John, Thomas Isley, Conrad Janny, Abel Knotts, Nathaniel. . Kripe, John Kripe, Daniel Kripe, Samuel Keen, Philip King, William Lock, Andrew Lary, Daniel Lyon, Nathaniel.... Long, Jacob 80 Luce, John 1 60 Luce, William 2 10 Lamme, William 78.5 Ludlow, Jeremiah 1 60 Maltbie, Benjamin 1 00 1 00 Munger, Jonathan go 80 Hunger, Edmund 50 Mitchell, Edward, Sr 80 30.5 McCabe, John 70 50 McGrew, John I 05 80 Mason, Richard 4 80 1 14.5 Miller, David 50 2 75 Miles, James 42 Mikesell, John 00 40 Moyer, Michael 3 07 jj 50 Miller, Daniel 1 05 40 Mikesell. Joseph 25 80 Miller, John Brower 25 1 60 Moyers, Henry 12 05.1 30 Mollenton, Jacob 72.5 Mikesell, Peter 25 80 Miller, John 60 50 Mason, William 2 13 McClure, James 80 1 00 Mast, David 3 20 84 Miller, James, Sr 2 40 80 McGrew, John 1 35 50 Miller, Jacob 1 43 1 00 Millegan, James 80 1 20 Miller, James, Jr 80 1 64 Matthews, James 1 60 50 Mendenhall, Caleb 50 75 Mote, Jeremiah 1 60 1 00 Newcorn, Matthew 50 40 Newcom, George 1 60 7 20 Newcorn, Thomas 1 35 50 Neff, John 8 98 1 12 Nisbet, James I 3 20 1 22.5 Neagely, Philip 3 20 4 27 Naffsinger, John 2 85 60 Nutt, Aaron 1 10 77 Nutz, Frederic 1 40 07 Nutt, Aaron 50 80 Pauley, John 2 24 77 Porter, James 1 05 42 Pettigrew, James 1 60 50 Pettigrew, James 1 83.2 2 85 Parson, Matthias SO 25 Patterson, John, Sr 1 60 90 Patterson, Robert 2 24 4 00 Patterson, James 80 80 Patterson, George 80 80 Patterson, John, Jr 50 1 00 Pursley, James 80 80 Price, John 50 II 75 Rogers, John . . 1 45 1 20 Robinson, William 80 80 Riffle, David 40 3 20 Reyburn, Joseph 80 25 Reeder, Joseph 80 40 Reeder, Daniel H 80 35 Robbins, Benjamin 80 4 55 Russel, James 80 25 Rour, Joseph 1 05 70 Robbins, Daniel 1 09.9 2 73.5 Richmond, Jacob 2 72 : 3 20 Scott, Alexander .... 2 80 1 45.5 Smith, Benjamin 70 70 Swineheart, Gabriel 1 09.4 1 60 Stansel, Henry 1 00 f I HARRISON Tp HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 307 thanks, Joseph 20 iunderland, Richard 80 iunderland, John 80 ■Sunderland, Peter 80 Scott, Robert 80 (Scott, James 50 Iquier, David 50 Sinks, George, Sr 1 60 (Snodgrass, William 75 Snodgrass, Alexander 60 .Spinning, Isaac 4 80 Stuart, William 80 Scott, James G. T 1 40 Jchidler, George 4 48 Short, Payton 71 80 hennery, George F 15 irhomson, Samuel 39.2 Ihomson, James 1 95 Tibbols, Noah 2 80 Tibbols, Samuel 17 14 Yan Cleve, Benjamin 80 Yan Cleve, William 21 Wade, John 50 Wilson, Robert 6 40 Westfall, William 45 Westfall, George 30 Willis, William 1 10 Wead, Ebenezer 50 Whitesell, Tobias 50 Whitesell, Henry 30 Wallingsford, Benjamin.. 80 Waugh, William 1 30 Waggoner, John 1 51 Weaver, Peter 4 80 William, Willis 50 Worthington, George 30 Wilson, James 4 56.5 Williams, Michael 1 60 Total $373 96.9 In September of that year William Browne resigned, and December 13, he County Judge appointed Samuel Hawkins to fill the vacancy. 1804 and 1805. Before the post office was established at Dayton, in the spring of 1804, he only post office for all of the Miami Valley, and as far north as the lake, jvas at Cincinnati, and, for a year or two after the Dayton office was opened, ettiers in the territory to the north, and as far west as Fort Wayne, were >bliged to come to Dayton for their mail. RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. It was formed from Elizabeth Township, by the County Commissioners, November 6, 1804, and elections were ordered to be held at the house of David loover. The town of Salem was laid out, in seventy-five lots, by John Leath- ■rman, January 15, 1816. Harrisburg was platted, forty-nine lots, May 6, 1841, )j Samuel Harr, David Baser, Daniel Baser, Mathias Gish, Thomas Kearns tnd David Langnecker. With the opening of the spring of 1805, settlers were constantly coming n; the new-comers were directed to the rich farming lands that had not yet ieen improved. A very large colony came to Mad Biver, and many went in 0 the woods to the northwest of Wolf Creek, locating, as they fancied, a spring, 1 running stream, a hill, a patch of prairie, or a wide range for cattle and lorses. The rich little valleys were acquiring commercial value, new settle- nents were being made, and the faint blue smoke from cabin chimneys could be seen in all directions, curling above the waves of green tree-tops. The hospi- tality of the pioneers was limited only by their means to indulge it; the new- comers were welcomed and given all possible aid. JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. It was formed from German, June 10, 1805. Harding Township was formed at the same time, and included about all of the territory now within Preble County. It was the custom for twenty years after the organization of the county, ind even to later years than that, to take care of orphans or poor children by ’binding them out” until they should become of age. The first record of in- denture is that of Seni Culbertson, an orphan girl five years of age. Squire Joseph Rayburn, with the Overseers of the Poor of Dayton Township, , A illiam Hamer and Joseph Miller — on the 30th of August, 1805, bound her to F 308 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. faithfully and cheerfully obey all lawful commands of her master, and to be- have herself in a becoming manner. She was to be instructed in all necessary housework, cooking, washing, sewing and spinning; to be taught reading and writing, if capable of taking them up. She was to be found in boarding, lodg- ing and suitable clothing. When she became eighteen years old, she was to re- ceive a feather bed. and covering, a small spinning-wheel, a half dozen each of plates, knives and forks, and a set of tea ware. Henry Culbertson, a brother of Seni, was the same summer apprenticed to a saddler of the town until he should be twenty -one years of age; was to be taught saddlery, and, if he be capable of taking them up, was to be taught; reading, writing and ciphering, and, at the end of his time, receive a new suit !; of clothes. A colored girl brought here as a servant to live with the family of D. C. Cooper, on his farm south of town, is the first colored person known to have come to the Dayton settlement. She came here in 1803, and shortly after gavej birth to a boy child, which she named Harry Cooper. When the boy was twoj and a half years old, he was indentured to D. C. Cooper until he should arrive J at the age of twenty-one year’s, Cooper agreeing to teach the boy the trade of tanning and milling, and, if he prove capable, he is to be taught reading and writing. He was to behave himself in a becoming manner, to have boarding, j lodging and clothing free, and at the age of twenty-one was to receive two new suits of clothes, a saddle and a second rate horse. In December of the year 1805, the colored woman gave birth to a girl baby! — Poll — who, when she was nine months old, was bound to Christopher Curiner until she should be eighteen years old. She was to be taught to read, and all duties of housekeeping; was to have every-day clothes and a suit for Sunday, with board and lodging free. At the end of her time, she was to have a feather bed and bedding, plates, cups and saucers, and knives and forks for a common j table. In June, 1805, ferry rates were fixed by the County Commissioners as fol- lows: For each loaded wagon and team, 75 cents; for each empty wagon and | team, 50 cents; for each two-wheeled carriage, 37 \ cents; for each man and horse, 1 2 1 cents; for each foot person, 64 cents. Licenses were fixed as follows: Lawyers and doctors, each, $3; taverns, in Dayton, $9; taverns on the road between Dayton and Franklin, $ 6 ; taverns at all other places, $5. In the next year licenses were increased $1 each, and the ferry rates were also advanced. The Commissioners in June, 1805, advertised in the Cincin nati and Lexington (Ky.) papers for proposals for building a brick court house in Dayton. The place of holding courts was changed from Newcom’s Tavern to McCollum’s brick tavern for the fall term of 1805, and the courts were held there until the new court house was completed. The Commissioners paid $25 per annum rent. THE BRICK COURT HOUSE. The contract for building the brick court house was let February 3, 1806. The building was forty-two by thirty-eight feet; two stories high; jury-roomi above and court- room below; and, although not finished, was occupied the fol- lowing winter. There were no locks on any of the doors for four years after ward. The only furniture in the court and jury rooms were a few three-legged stools and a bench. At first the juries were not furnished with seats, and ii was not until the year 1811 that tables were placed in the building; ther benches were provided for spectators. In 1815, a cupola was built on the courl, house, and in the fall of the next year a bell was hung. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 309 SCHOOLS. It is difficult to fix the time that schools in the townships were first opened, a there is very little of record in reference to it. In Dayton, the first school held in September, 1799, in the block-house at the head of Main street. I the winter of 1804-05, cabin schools were in operation in Mad River, Wash- j;-ton and German Townships, and in Dayton. As the neighborhoods in other ts of the county grew stronger each winter, log schoolhouses were built, a l it is probable that, in 1810, there were ten such country schools in existence. - alts, as well as children, attended them, but the aggregate of attendance m not very large. These first log-cabin schoolhouses in the townships were p up in a few hours by the settlers of a neighborhood. The schools were all kit up by subscription; children whose parents were unable to pay, were ad- j ted free ; schoolmasters boarded around among the patrons of the school, a 1 their pay was small. The master was not always master; as a rule the o's were unruly; and by reason of the large reserve of “big brothers;” com- ; ations were often made to “bar out” the master, and sometimes even drive i l from the neighborhood. The good-natured master -who would begin his m by standing treat to cider or apples for the school was the popular kind, a: l was less liable to be “ smoked ” or “barred out.” Children usually sup- >d themselves with books by trading produce of their own raising, furs of mals that they had trapped or shot, or rags that they had saved. Two or flee winters of schoolin’ was considered enough, and even to secure that most he children had long, lonely walks through the woods, in cold, and wet and aw. However, school children were reasonably happy, and had good times, .most of school children do. DIVISION OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. . By act of Legislature, passed January 16, 1807, to take effect March 1, 1 *7, Miami County was erected, thus reducing the boundaries of Montgomery inty to the territory now within Montgomery and Preble Coimties. Town- Ip lines were adjusted to suit the new county lines. Washington Township (os were not changed. The territory now in Harrison Township, south and vitof Stillwater, had been added to Dayton Township, January 2. June 1, tl west line of the township was continued on up to the Miami County line, ;hat at that time Dayton Township included all of what is now Van Buren, Errison, Dayton, Mad River and Wayne Townships, and Butler, to the west 3 of the sixth range of townships, and in the southwest corner of the town- “ P, west of the Miami River, fractional Sections 19, 20, 29 and 30, in Town- si? 1, Range 6; these sections were, in 1831, attached to Miami Township. ndolph Township included what is now in Clay and Randolph, and east of 5 11 water to the sixth range of townships. German Township was what is now nthat township and east to the Miami River, and two tiers of sections that are av in Jackson Township. Jefferson Township included all of Jefferson, kson (except the two tiers of sections in German), Madison and Perry Town- 8 ps. Harding Township was the whole of Preble County. September 8, 1807, Eaton Township was formed from Harding Township, 1' include all of the first and second ranges of townships between Butler and Mmi Counties. March 1, 1808, Preble County was erected. ROADS. w tl Winding little paths, lines of communication between neighborhoods, had lened out to shady roads. At first the pioneers, without compass, had picked u " way to the nearest settlements around, wading through the rank weeds 310 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. and tangled vines, swamps and long grass of the prairies. In this way wer the county roads located along the ridges, across the streams and through th woods, flanked by jungles of weeds and underbrush, thickets of vines and scru growth. In 1807, these roads were open in all directions through the count) From Dayton to Piqua, on both sides of the Miami ; up Stillwater to Greenvill< up AVolf Creek seven miles. A column of Gen. Wayne’s army had, in 179i cut a trace through from below Eaton, to New Lexington, Preble County, an along on what has since been known as the the Old Sled Road, to Salem, Rai dolph Township, in this county; thence straight to Fort Greenville. From Dayto there were roads to Springfield, Xenia, Gunckel’s mill, Lebanon and Franklii The river road had that year been opened from the ford, at the foot of Fourt street, in Dayton, down through the bottoms, to intersect the Franklin road ; Hole’s Creek; a road had also been located from Hole’s Creek, across the hill through the Shaker settlement to the Greene County line. From Hole’s Statioi roads led to the mills up Bear Creek, and across to Gunckel’s mill. From oj posite Franklin, a road followed up Twin Creek to Gunckel’s mill, and on up New Lexington, in Preble County. The surplus products of the county wei hauled over these roads to the mills, or to the more central points, to be freigb ed to Cincinnati. The roads were narrow, but a single track, marked by tl deep ruts cut by loaded wagons, and were not much improved until 1839. FRUITS. The wild strawberry was found on the uplands, and there were servic berries, May apples, blackberries, wild raspberries, prickly gooseberries, de\ berries, wild plums, wild grapes, haws, hackberries, wild cherries, papaws ai crab apples; hickorynuts, chincopins, walnuts, hazelnuts and butternuts. A pies, peaches, pears, plums and cherries were brought to the county about i the order named. Apples were grown in the county as early as 1803, but n in great quantity until in 1808, at which time there were good orchards |j every part of the county, except in Clay and Perry Townships. The best suits were found in budding on wild crab stocks. Silas Wharton had an ext-e sive nursery two and a half miles west of Waynesville, in 1818; he had apple pears, plums and cherries, and it was the first nursery in this part of the Stai' In the winter of 1823-24, Solomon, Hoover & Co. began selling apple- tre from their nurseries, two miles south of Milton, Union Township, Miami Count WHISKY AND WHISKY-MAKING. At one time, nearly every well-to-do farmer in the county had a little coj per still of his own, in which he made his “old rye,” “apple-jack” and co: ! whisky; many of them made from one to ten barrels each year for shipmei They kept whisky in their cabins for their own use, and to bid neighbors ai friends good cheer. Whenever they came along, the bottle and cup were ; ways handed around, the host drinking first. Morning bitters were popu then, as now, and the men usually took a dram before meals. Women treat . their visitors to whisky and sugar. Milk punch was a favorite with all. Whis was used with roots and herbs in making medicines, and was used as a preve ive as well as a cure. About all the facilities the county offered for advert j ing, was by telling all the neighbors, and requesting them to tell all of th neighbors, and everybody else. INDIAN SUMMER. The first few days of disagreeable, cold weather in the fall, was known Squaw winter; after that the pleasant weather that came was known to Westej pioneers as Indian Summer — so called from the fact that the renewal of pier HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 311 ; t days afforded the Indians further opportunity for depredations in the set- tments. The whites enjoyed perfect peace and freedom from such incursions though the winter. After the Indian Summer had passed, the hunting season i can, provisions were laid up for the next summer, so that the whole time i ght be given to farming. HUNTING ANU TEAPPING. The forests were full of game — wolves, wild-cats, foxes, panthers, bears, c?r, wild turkeys, ducks, geese, rabbits, coons, possums and squirrels, and the r ers were stocked with fish. At the time Daniel Boone came to the Kentucky i ids, and when the white settlers began coming through the mountains to the ( do Valley, herds of buffalo and elk roamed the forests and prairies of Ten issee, Kentucky and all north of the Ohio Kiver to the Mississippi. In 1780, Hen Gen. Clark’s expedition against the the Indian village on Mad River, f ’enteen miles above Dayton, had recrossed the Ohio River, being scarce of i jvisions, a buffalo was killed on Licking River. November 4, 1787, two were 1 led as they were swimming the Ohio River at the mouth of the Big Miami, bvember 18 , several were killed above the Big Kanawha; a great many were i the Wabash Valley that same year and over in Kentucky. In 1788, in a let b written at Marietta, to a friend in Massachusetts, the writer says: “We 3 ve seen twenty buffalo in a drove, and deer are as plenty as sheep with you ; aver and otter are abundant.” Capt. Imlay, who came West previous to the year 1793, in writing of the \ Id animals and game of the West, says: “The buffalo are mostly driven ( t of Kentucky. Some are still found on the Licking River, Big Sandy and 1 'een River. Deer abound in the extensive forests, but the elk confines itelf lastly to the hilly and uninhabited places. In the broken country, great num- ! r of grouse are found ; and the quail have followed the trail of the scattered i ain from the old settlements on the other side of the mountains, to the new ttlements in the West.” Buffalo and elk had entirely disappeared from the country east of the Wa- sh, in 1795. Wolves, panthers and wild-cats were especially annoying to the i Hers. A reward was paid for every wolf scalp brought in, and in the sea- us when these mischievous beasts were unusually numerous, additional bounty is offered to induce hunters to devote their whole time to the killing of the oesky varmints.” They would attack and drive unarmed men into the trees; ten coming into the settlements in packs, driving women and children into e cabins, howling in great numbers through the Woods at night, prowling ound the cabins to eat vegetables growing in the gardens and destroying pigs id poultry. It was so annoying that the men would nightly shoot them through e cracks of the log cabins. After pigs were brought here, the pens were cov- ed with heavy logs to keep out the wolves. Wild-cats were also numerous, d as daring as the wolves in their visits to the settlement, by night or day. anthers were more shy, but were very dangerous and of great strength, al- t ough there were not so many of them. One that had killed a hog, and car- ad it through a deep snow into the woods, was pursued and killed. A settler ho had some land across the river from the head of Ludlow street, in Dayton, jarmg some disturbance among his hogs, crossed the river in a canoe. He und the hogs frightened and scattered, and, while searching for the cause, ‘ard something fall, and found one of his hogs dead on the ground under a ■auiug tree, from which it had been dropped by a large panther. The man id no gun, but stood eyeing the panther as it slowly descended the tree and leaked off into the woods. Dressed in hunting-shirt, buckskin breeches, moccasins and coonskin cap; pupped with powder-horn, bullet-pouch and scalping- knife; armed with the 312 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. long-barreled Hint-lock squirrel rifle, the hunter always found and killed abum ance of game. Deer were as plenty in the woods of the hills and valleys j those days as are the cattle in the fields of Montgomery County at this time. Courage and daring were characteristic of the pioneer hunters, and th< took all risks incident to bear-hunting, never hesitating in the pursuit or v push the attack in any situation. And there was real sport, says the pionee to see clumsy bruin doggedly move off, or, when urged by the dogs, into lumbering gallop, suddenly face his enemy, erect himself in defense, thus co ering his own retreat to a favorite tree. If the tree was hollow, the bear cor be smoked out, or the hunter felled the tree, and killed him after the tumb! Sometimes to get at him, a smaller tree was felled against the larger one, whji the hunter, with gun slung to his shoulder, muzzle down, and knife between h teeth, would climb to the attack. A she bear with cubs was the most dangerou; Bears showed but little sagacity in avoiding traps, and could be taken in ai simply- arranged trap that was strong enough to hold them. In trapping then the pioneers built log pens, in shape like a roof, shelving inwardly from tl ground on the four sides; a carcass for bait was placed inside. The bear easi'i climbed the outside and entered through the hole left at the top for him. Oik inside he could neither get out or throw down the pen. Wolves and catamonn were caught in the same way. A favorite method of hunting deer in the early days, was by canoe atnigl known then as “ fire-hunting.” A bright fire or torch was lighted at the be of the boat, the shooter would sit just .behind it, while the steersman slow] poled up stream along the shore, the deer in the evening would come to tip river to drink, and shelter themselves for the night under the bushes along tl bank; as the boat passed, the bright eyes of the deer would glisten in the bush from the light of the burning hickory bark, affording a good mark for the hunt man. When either deer or bear were killed, the carcass was gutted at once ai hung to a tree, to be taken to the settlement on a sled after the hunt. Bear and deer drives were organized by stationing the hunters at short i tervals around a circle. A large tract of land could thus be surrounded. At signal from the Captain, the word was passed from man to man to begin the a vance to a common center. Tin horns and trumpets were sounded along tl line; often inclosing in the circle to the center a herd of deer, bears, tuike; and small game. An incessant fire from the line of hunters rapidly broug. down the flying deer, the bears as they dashed from side to side, skulkii wolves and wild-cats and turkeys from the tree-tops. The tender, juicy flesh of the wild turkey, the skill and tact needed to 6u cessfully hunt them, was a temptation that the hunters would not resist. T! “call” was made from the small bone of a turkey’s wing, and most huntc were experts in its use. After having a shot or two at a pack and scatterii them, the “ call ” was used to draw them to an ambush, shooting them as tin came within range. Turkeys being followed in the snow soon tire. The ku ter followed the tracks of a single turkey that would turn off to hide or re; 1 After having killed his turkey the hunter took up the track of the flock aga until he saw that another had turned out to hide and squat. They were ofti 1 shot from their roosts in the tree-tops in the early morning. Turkey traps were square pens of light timber, a door at the side with spring catch; the string was stretched across the floor, covered with chaff ai; corn. In scratching, the string would be struck, and the door dropped belli] the turkeys. Other and smaller game were shot or trapped in any quanta One way of shooting wild ducks, geese and turtles, was to float down stream a canoe, or on a slab covered with brush. Roast coon, opossum and rabbit p were favorite dishes, the game for which was usually supplied by the boys, wl HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 313 showed great ingenuity in making traps and snares for small game, and soon acquired skill in woodcraft and shooting. Bass, catfish, pickerel, pike, eels, perch, suckers and sunfish, were caught abundantly from the rivers, by gigging, and in fish-boxes, traps, Bnares and nets. Great seines were used that would sweep the river from shore to shore. 1808. Settlers, worthy men from the Eastern States, were constantly coming in vith their families, to locate on the farming lands. Cabins were put up in all lirections from the settlement, and the women, children and goods were tum- bled into them. Good crops were produced throughout the valley; wheat was selling at 50 cents per bushel, and whisky at 37 J cents a gallon. There were aut few fences in k the county, and, as a consequence, horses and cattle run at arge and often strayed away. Under the law, “ strays ” could be taken up, but immediately appraised, and notice, with description, filed with the Squire. At the election that fall there were 564 votes cast in the county. Dayton Township, at the court house, 196; Washington Township, at the house of Richard Mason, 112; German Township, at Philip Gunckel’s, 125; Randolph Township, at David Hoover’s, 47; Jefferson Township, at John Yenimons, 84. Montgomery, Miami and Preble Counties comprised the Senatorial District. Montgomery and Preble, jointly, had two Representatives in the Lower House of the Legislature. MADISON TOWNSHIP. March 6, 1809, Madison Township was 'formed, and at the first election, held at the house of Martin Wybrichts, Andrew Hood was elected Justice of the Peace. He received 10 votes; Benjamin Lehman, 5; Robert Wilson, 2; total, 17. The town of Trotwood has not been platted. THE MILITIA. All free, able-bodied, white male citizens, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, were enrolled in the militia by company commandants, within whose company bounds such citizens resided. Each man was required to provide himself with a good musket, fusee, or rifle, bayonet, belt, knapsack, two spare flints, a pouch for twenty-four cartridges, or a powder-horn, a fourth- pound of powder and twenty-four balls. Officers wore a sword or hanger. Ex- emptions from enrollment were preachers, Judges of courts, jail-keepers, cus- toms and post officers, stage-drivers and ferry-men on mail routes. The State was divided into four divisions, with a Major General in command of each division. The First Division included the counties of Hamilton, Clermont, Warren, Butler, Greene, Montgomery, Miami and Champaign, formed in bri- gades as follows: Regiments, battalions and companies, of Hamilton and Cler- mont Counties formed the First Brigade ; Warren and Butler the Second Brigade ; Greene, Montgomery, Miami and Champaign the Third Brigade. A brigade con- sisted of from two to six regiments ; a regiment of two battalions; a battalion of from four to eight companies; a company of from forty to eighty men. Brigades were in command of Brigadier Generals; the regiments by Lieutenant Colonels; battalions by Majors; and companies by Captains. Company officers were elected by the enrolled men; Brigadier Generals, Lieutenant Colonels and Majors, were elected by company officers; Division Commanders were appointed by the Governor and Legislature. One company of artillery, or a troop of horse, was attached to each regiment. The grenadiers, or the rifle companies, were the flankers. Four company musters were required each year: battalion musters in April or May; and regimental musters in October. When in active service, the militia were subject to the rules and regulations of the United States Army. As the 314 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. State became more thickly settled, the number of regiments and brigades were increased. In 1809, the militia of Ohio was 15,000 strong, assigned to four divisions. Gen. John S. Gano, of Cincinnati, was in command of the First Division; Gen. Edmund Hunger, of Washington Township, this county was Brigadier General in command of the Fifth Brigade, First Division. The United States was organizing the army as a precautionary measure in case of war with Great Britain. In all of the States militia laws were being adopted to meet the emergency, and State troops were offered to the Govern- ment. The Governor of Ohio held 2,834 militia in readiness to move upon requi- sition of the National authorities, but a better understanding prevailed between the United States and Great Britain, and their services were not, at that tune, required. Training days and the 4th of July were the big days for the militia; she only other times that they mustered was at the death of some revolutionary sol dier, or one of their comrades, to bury them with the honors of war. Just before the war of 1812, regiments of Greene and Champaign Coun- ties were formed into a brigade, with Gen. Benjamin Whiteman, of Greene County, in command. After the war, the number of divisions were increased; Montgomery, Preble, Greene, Clark, Miami, Darke and Champaign, formed the Fifth Division, Maj. Gen. Benjamin Whiteman commanding. At the militia trainings in the townships, sometimes anvils wordd be used in firing a National salute; at other times, the proper number of large trees, each representing a State, were cut so that a few strokes of the ax would fell them, and thus, at intervals, the crash of the trees would form part of this novel National salute. FIRST COUNTY CONVENTION. The first political County Convention was held at the court house in the evening of September 6, 1809. David Reed was chosen Moderator, and Benja- min Van Cleve, Clerk, of the convention. The following ticket was nominated: For Representatives, Joseph H. Crane, of Montgomery; David Purviance, of Preble; for Sheriff, Jerome Holt; for Coroner, David Squire; for Commis sioner, John Folkerth. Opposition candidates for Sheriff and Commissioner were nominated by a convention held on the 9th. At the election there were 600 votes cast, and this entire ticket was elected. WAYNE TOWNSHIP. The County Commissioners, on the 1st of January, 1810, formed Wayne Township, to include the four northern tiers of sections in the eighth range east of the Miami River, within this county, and the third tier of sections in the fifth range west of the Miami, excepting two western tiers of sections of the sam9 township. The first election for two Justices was ordered to be held at the house of Benjamin Van Cleve, on the Staunton road, Saturday, January^ 20. Twenty-one votes were cast at the election. James Miller and William Snodgrass were elected. 1810 anb 1811. The county tax levy for 1810 was made as follows: Dayton Township, $865.78.2; Washington Township, $480.95.4; Wayne Township, $93.77; Randolph Township, $1 77.08. 8|; Madison Township, $76.- 78.94; Jefferson Township, $416.76.24; German Township, $303.15.74; total, $2,414.30.44. The census returns for 1810 showed, in Montgomery County, 7,722 inhab- itants; Butler County, 11,150; Greene, 5,870; Miami, 3,941; Preble, 3,304; Warren, 9,925; total for the State, 230,849. £ 4 ^ HARRISON , TP HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 317 The number of mills in the county had increased in numbers, every avail- ; le mill site was occupied; flour, whisky, pork and grain, were shipped down lie river in flat-boats. Fish baskets and brush-dams so interfered with naviga- bn, that an efiort was made to have the channels of the Miami. Mad River i d Stillwater declared public highways. In 1811, mills, barns, still- houses id all outbuildings, other than dwellings, were exempted from taxation. A. tndard half bushel was ordered by the Commissioners, and, on the 28th of -me, James Wilson was appointed keeper of the measure, and was advertised be at his house, at Dayton, every Saturday, to measure and seal half-bushels. THE FIRST STONE JAIL. The contract for building a new jail was sold at public auction at the court rase, July 27, to James Thompson, at $2,147.91; the building to be 18x32 et, and built of rubble stone. The contractor was two years and a half in hiding it. In the meantime the county used a rented building for a jail. In icember, 1813, the jail was finished and, shortly afterward, was accepted. It as two stories high, of rubble stone, gable shingle roof running parallel with e street, the building standing at the edge of the sidewalk, in the rear of tkn urt house, on Third street; the entrance was from Third street into a hall at ran through the center of the building; the Sheriff’s residence was the ist half of the building; the prison part was the east half. There were three 11s opening into the hall on the first floor, and three cells, or strong rooms, on e second floor; the rooms on the second floor were more comfortably fur- shed and less like prisons than those below; were used for women and others nfined for minor offenses; one of them was the debtor’s cell, for, in early iys, men were imprisoned for debt; but where there was no special danger of 9 debtor running away, he might, upon giving bonds double the amount of the- >bt, be released by the court, on “prison bounds” or “ limits;” that is, he could re at home, being allowed only to go to and come from work, to enable him support his family, and endeavor to pay the debt. A person standing on the sidewalk could look through the barred window to the front cell below, and converse freely with the prisoners; the window as about two feet square; small articles could be easily passed through the- irs. Back of this cell was the dungeon, and back of that was another cell, he walls and floors of the six cells were lined with a course of heavy oak-plank, •iven full of nails, then covered with a second course of heavy plank — a strong )x from which no prisoner escaped until they tried. One morning the Sheriff oke up to find that four of his prisoners had escaped during the night, by cut- ng through the floor and tunneling under the wall and up through the side- alk. There was at once a great clamor for a new jail. About 1834 or 1835. one-story building, of heavy cut stone, was erected in the yard to the rear of le jail. In it were four cells with stone floors and arched brick ceilings, his was used as the county jail for ten years, until the fall of the year 1845,. hen the stone jail, at the northwest corner of Main and Sixth street, was built. EARTHQUAKES. The series of earthquakes which affected the whole of the Ohio V alley, and estroyed the town of New Madrid, thoroughly shook up Montgomery County 9ople and all of the Miami Yalley. The first shock was felt here between 2 ad 3 o’clock Monday morning, December 16, waking up all the people, many taving their houses in fright; horses and cattle were badly frightened, and lickens flew in alarm from their roosts in the trees. These shocks, although ,ot so severely, continued for two days. Then again, on Thursday, January 3, 1812, another shock, more severe than those of the month previous. Sev- 318 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. •eral slight shocks were felt within the next few days, the most severe of whicl was on the morning of the 27th; it shook the houses; articles hanging in thi stores were kept in motion for a minute. Just before 4 o’clock, Friday morn ing, February 7, two severe shocks in quick succession were heard and felt; thi usual rumbling noise was distinctly heard to precede and accompany both shocks The last shock was by far the most awful in duration and severity of any of thi previous ones. People, cattle and fowls, were again greatly alarmed. In thi •evening, two other shocks were felt. INFLUENTIAL MEN OF THE COUNTY. Boone, Kenton, Logan and other brave, strong spirits, such as they, wen the men of influence in the earliest days of Western settlement. After ths ter ritory had been erected, Clark, St. Clair and Wayne, controlled affairs an({| brought peace and stability to the Government. Van Cleve, Hamer, Newcom, Cooper, Hole, Gunckel, Edgar, Adame and Spinning were the leading men in the pioneer settlements and at thi! time of the organization of Montgomery County; and they were followed ii the control of affairs by Col. Robert Patterson, Judge Joseph H. Crane, Aaroi Baker, Henry Brown, Jonathan Harshman, Judge James Steele and H. G. Phil lips; and in later years, Rev. Thomas Winters, William Huffman, Judge Georg< B. Holt, John W. Van Cleve, John Turner, John Neff, Gen. R. C. Schenck, C L. Vallandigham, John Harries, William P. Huffman, Maj. W. D. Bickharo Valentine Winters, E. E. Barney and Judge D. A. Haynes. WAR TIMES. The thrilling events of the war of 1812 so fully occupied the attention ant efforts of the community that it is difficult to separate military movements an< affairs of the county from the purely local history of the times. The ex posed positions of Preble, Darke and Miami Counties made Montgomery ai asylum for refugees. Prices for all farm products advanced, yet so many of thi farmers were called into the army that the bulk of surplus product was great! reduced. Lands sold very low; good farms up Stillwater were sold as low a $3 per acre; one tract of 6,500 acres, near Dayton, was offered at very lot rates. But, of course, after the war all real estate rapidly advanced in value Very few improvements were made in the townships; roads were neglected except the military roads from Franklin to Staunton, through Dayton, the roa< south, to Lebanon, and the river road, from the foot of Fourth street, Dsytor to Alexandersville. These roads were kept in tolerable repair by the Quarter master’s Department of the army. The County Treasurer’s report for that yea shows $2,368.82§ collected in tax, and all paid out. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 319 CHAPTER VIII. WAR OF 1812. W HEN, in 1811, it became evident that there was to be another war between the United States and Great Britain, agents of the latter government be- came active in their intrigues with the Indians to unite the tribes of the North- west against the United States. British officers promised Tecumseh that, in the event of war between the two governments, if he would bring to their aid in the Northwest a large force of Indians, the King of Great Britain would not make peace with the United States until the Indians had recovered their old boundary of the Ohio River by driving the whites from all the territory north of it. Tecumseh, without delay, held councils with all of the tribes. Large bodies of Indians were gathered at different points, to meet which the United States found it necessary to bring into the field a large force. The battle of Tippeca- noe, on Tippecanoe Creek, Indiana, was fought by the army under Gen. Harri- son on November 7, 1811. During the winter, Congress was engaged in the discussion of the question of an early invasion of Canada, and the administration was maturing plans for the organization and operation of the army and navy. It was decided that the Northwestern frontier should be well protected. Ohio, Indiana and Ken- tucky, were called upon for a strong force of militia to co-operate with the troops. The citizens of the three States named were practically solid in their support of the administration of President Madison, although in the Eastern States there existed a decided opposition to the war. Early in April, 1812, the President made a requisition for 1,200 of Ohio militia for one year’s service. In obedience to this call, Gov. Return J. Meigs issued orders to the Major Generals of the Western and Middle Divi- sions, to furnish their respective quotas of men, and designated Dayton as the point for such troops to report to, on April 29. Besides the militia called for, Congress had authorized six companies of mounted rangers, to be organized for one year’s service on the frontier, and a special appropriation was made for their pay and subsistence. Capt. William Perry was appointed to enlist and command the Second company of these ran- gers. The company was to consist of Captain, Lieutenant, Ensign, four Ser- geants, four Corporals and sixty privates, to be held at all times ready to march at short notice, each man to furnish himself with a good rifle or musket, side arms, or tomahawk, and a horse. Gen. Edmund Munger commanding the Second Brigade, First Division, Ohio Militia, received the order for raising this company, and published it to the First Battalion of the First Regiment, at their muster, in Dayton, on Tues- day, April 14; he called for volunteers, and twenty stepped out of the line and enlisted. By law, the power was conferred on every officer to call out the whole or a part of all the militia under his command; then,, as in this case, if service was re- quired for any length of time, and there was not enough volunteers, it became the duty of such officer to draft from the remainder enough men to fill the quota; that explains why drafted troops reported as promptly to camp as the volunteers. The militia were thus kept in comparatively good discipline, and ever ready for prompt, active service during the war. -320 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. A sufficient number not having volunteered to fill the company of rangers the battalion was ordered to assemble on the 16th, at Adam’s Prairie, near the mouth of Hole’s Creek, five miles down the river from Dayton. Maj. George Adams was ordered to report with his battalion at the same time and place, to have a draft, if necessary, to fill up Capt. Perry’s company, deeming it not ad- visible to draft men from Preble, Darke or Miami Counties, because of the In- dian alarm in those quarters. April 23, Capt. Perry received orders to march immediately to Fort Lora mie, and on Monday, the 27th, the rangers passed through town. April 29, the Indians killed and scalped a man near Greenville; three men [! were found murdered in the woods near Fort Defiance. April 30 had been appointed by the Governor as a day of fasting and prayer; public service was held at the court house in Dayton. May 1, Maj. Charles Wolverton, of Miami County, with Capt. Reuben West- fall’s company of that county, marched from Piqua over to Greenville with in structions to kill every Indian they saw. They killed two Pottawatomies, -j wounded a third and captured two squaws and a boy Indian. No preparation had been made, either by the State authorities or by the citizens of the town, for the reception of the State troops that were to rendez- vous at Dayton. May 1, companies began to arrive at Dayton, and bivouac on the commonage (now the City park, on the canal, between Second and Third streets), where they remained without tents and other equipage until the middle of the month. Gov. Meigs came to Dayton on Wednesday, May 6, to superin- tend the organization of the militia, twelve companies of which had reported in |l obedience to his orders. Some of them were encamped just south of town, as there was not room enough for them ail in the town. The citizens welcomed the Governor with a salute of eighteen guns, and in the afternoon he reviewed the troops. The next day, from his headquarters at McCollom’s tavern, he is- sued this appeal: A CALL ON THE PATRIOTISM OF THE CITIZENS OF OHIO. The situation of our country has compelled the Government to resort to precautionary measures of defense. In obedience to this call, eight hundred men have abandoned the comforts of domestic life, and are here assembled in camp at the distance of some hundred miles from home, prepared to protect our frontier from the awful effects of savage and of civilized warfare. But the unprecedented celerity with which they have moved precluded the possibility of properly equipping them. Many, very many of them, are destitute of blankets ; and, without these indispensable articles, it will be impossible for them to move to their point of destination. Citizens of Ohio ! This appeal is made to You — let each family furnish one or more BLANKETS, and the requisite number will be completed. It is not requested as a boon , the moment your blankets are delivered, you shall receive their full value, in money — they are not to be had at the stores. The season of the year is approaching, when each family may, without inconvenience, part with one. Mothers ! Sisters ! Wives ! — Recollect that the men in whose favor this appeal is made have connections as near and dear as any which can bind you to life. These they have voluntarily abandoned, trusting that the integrity and patriotism of their fellow-citizens will supply every requisite for themselves and their families ; and, trusting that the same Spirit which enabled their Fathers to achieve their Independence, will enable their Sons to defend it. R. J. Meigs, Governor of Ohio. Headquarters, Dayton, May 7, 1812. The Indians were growing quite uneasy along the frontier and annoying to the little settlements at the front. There were still 1,970 of them in the north- west corner of the State. Five tribes: Shawnees 700. Ottawas 550. Wyandots 300. Senecas 220. Delawares and Muncies 200. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 321 The Shawnee lands were around the head-waters of the Great Miami md the Auglaize Rivers; the Ottawas principally along Lake Erie; the Wyan- lots on the Sandusky River; the Senecas, Delawares and Muncies on the same "iver and its tributary streams. Preble, Darke and Miami Counties were threat- ened; many of the settlers, with their families, lied from the frontier, spread- ng the alarm. Indian parties were so annoying that it was necessary to seep the Miami County militia constantly scouting to the north and west of Piqua. In the northern part of this county, from the Miami River west to Preble County, two or three block-houses were built as rallying points for the settlers. Gen. Munger, with the Dayton Troop of Horse, was ordered from camp, at Sole’s Creek, on a scout to the front, beyond Greenville. May 10, he returned vith the information that friendly Indians were advising the whites to move nto the settlements; that the Prophet, with a large body of Indians, was in • am p seventy miles from Greenville, expecting to advance against the settle- nents in about six weeks. Gov. Meigs at once ordered a company of riflemen, horn Col. McArthur’s regiment, to march to Greenville, and another to Piqua, do protect the settlers and the public property. Gov. Meigs left for Cincinnati, Expecting to meet Gen. Hull, but returned on the 15th, without him. Gen. John S. Gano and Col. Lewis Cass, on Wednesday, the 13th, arrived Erom Cincinnati, with 600 men, and went into camp on the common, swelling -.he number of troops in camp to about 1,400. The Shawnee chiefs, from the Wapakonetta towns, were at Piqua in conference with Col. John Johnston, the United States Indian Agent, and there was great anxiety to know whether their decision would be for peace or war. On the 14th, reports came of the capture of six buck Indians and a squaw by the militia, near Troy. The next day, near Greenville, the Indians attacked a party of five or six whites, who were planting, wounding one man. The Indians were pursued and one of them killed and one wounded. The Indians, in council, at Piqua, gave assurances that friendly relations with the whites would be continued; but the people placed no confidence in their professions. May 20, Capt. Mansfield arrived in camp from Cincinnati, with his com- pany of light infantry. The troops had become used to camp life and their du- ties as soldiers, and had acquired some practice in the manual of arms and com- pany evolutions. The Governor had assembled these 1,500 recruits, hastily organized into companies, officered by men of their own choice. The time had now arrived for the organization of these companies into regiments. May 21, three regiments of infantry were formed — the First, Second and Third Ohio Militia — the first troops ever organized by the State authorities. For the First Regiment, Duncan McArthur was elected Colonel, and J ames Denny and William A. Trimble, Majors. For the Second Regiment, James Findlay was elected Colonel, and Thomas Moore and Thomas B. Yan Horn, Majors. For the Third Regiment, Lewis Cass was elected Colonel, and Robert Morrison and Jeremiah R. Munson, Majors. After the assignment of companies and election of officers, the First Regi- ment returned to their camp south of the town, the other two regiments remain- ing in camp on the common. A better state of discipline was maintained and everything placed in military trim. Capt. Yan Cleve’s company of Dayton rifle- men volunteered their services for the protection of the frontier; there being already more than the State’s quota of troops mustered into the service, this company, with many others, were organized into battalions and regiments, for | outpost duty, to guard supply trains and to keep open the line of communica- tions with the army. 322 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Gov. Meigs had discharged his duty well, had remained in the Miami Val- ley, giving personal attention to the enlistment and organization of the Ohio troops, and now they were ready for the field; he had only to transfer the com- mand to Brig. Gen. William Hull, who the President had assigned as the com- mander of the Northwestern Army. The General and his staff had arrived in Dayton, and were stopping at Mc- Collom’s tavern. The busy preparations for the departure of the troops filled the town with life and bustle; officers and attaches were reporting for duty; supplies of ammunition, Quartermaster’s and commissary stores were hurried up the road from Cincinnati; a wagon train, with tents, blankets and camp equip- age, came in. Our people were in the midst of the excitement of army life; the narrow roadways were crowded with army wagons, pack-horses, mounted men and couriers, squads and companies dialling. Dayton was a military camp. The transfer of the command of the army by Gov. Meigs to Gen. Hull was made on the 25th, with all proper ceremony. In the morning the Governor and staff with the General and staff rode to the camp of the First Ohio, the regiment being in line to receive them. After review, addresses were delivered, and the officers returned to the tavern for dinner ; after which they mounted and rode down to the camp on the commons, making a careful inspection of arms, accouterments and equipments. The two regiments passed in review and were then formed in close column and addressed by Gov. Meigs as follows: Officers and Soldiers of the First Army of Ohio : Collected suddenly and rapidly from the various parts of the State, you have manifested a zeal worthy the character of a free people. You will soon be completely organized, and 1 trust that harmony will forever continue. Already you have made considerable advances in discipline ; you will improve ; it will soon become easy, familiar and agreeable. Subor dination is the soul of discipline ; order, safety and victory are its results. Honor consists in an honorable discharge of duty, whatever may be the rank. Respect each other according to your stations ; officers, be to your men as parents to children ; men, regard your officers as fathers. You will soon march. My heart will always be with you. The prayers of all good citizens will attend you. By direction of the President of the United States, I have so far organized and marched you ; in his name, I thank you. I feel a satisfaction in knowing that you are to be placed under the command and guidance of Brigadier General Hull, a distinguished officer of Revolutionary experience, who, being Superintendent of Indian Affairs and Chief Magistrate of the Territory to which you are destined, was happily selected for the service. His influence and authority there will enable him to provide for your convenience. I pray that each may conduct himself so that when you return to the embrace of your friends and relations, they may be proud to salute you as one who had honorably belonged to the First Army of Ohio. The Second Army is organizing, and will follow, if necessary. Our frontiers must be protected from savage barbarity ; our rights maintained, and cur wrongs avenged. Go then ! Fear not ! Be strong ! Quit yourselves like men, and may the God of Armies be your shield and buckler. Gen. Hull then addressed the troops : Patriotic Officers and Soldiers of Ohio : The manner in which His Excellency, Gov. Meigs, has delivered over to me the command of this part of the army, has excited sensations which I strongly feel, but which it is difficult for me to express. His great exertions, and the talents he has displayed in assembling, organizing, disciplining and preparing in every respect for actual service so respectable a military force, are known to you, and will be fully known to his country : this knowledge of his conduct will be his highest eulogium. Long may he live, and long may he adorn his elevated station. The crisis now has arrived when our country has deemed it necessary to call into the field her patriotic sons. The spirit which has been manifested on this occasion is highly honorable to the officers and soldiers who compose this army, and to the section of the Union to which you belong. You have exhibited an example to the older part of the country worthy of imitation. Citizens distinguished for talents and wealth have made a voluntary tender of their services to defend the violated rights of the nation. Such men are entitled to the fair inheritance which was purchased by the valor and blood of their fathers. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 323 A country with such a defense has nothing to fear ; in any possible exigence it is e 'ironed with a bulwark of safety. To officers and soldiers, who have engaged in the .-die service with such honorable and patriotic motives, it is unnecessary to urge the i nortance of regularity and discipline, or the necessity of subordination and obedience to 0 ers. The same spirit which induced you voluntarily to engage in the service of your c ntry, will animate you in the discharge of your duties. With patience you will submit t. he privations and fatigues incident to a military life, and if you should be called to meet d iger in the field, you will manifest the sincerity of your engagements by the firmness and bvery of your conduct. In marching through a wilderness, memorable for savage barity, you will remember the causes by which that barbarity has been heretofore e ited. In viewing the ground, stained with the blood of your fellow-citizens, it will be possible to suppress the feelings of indignation. Passing by the ruins of a fortress, 2 ted in our territory by a foreign nation in times of profound peace, and for the express pose of exciting the savages to hostility, and supplying them with the means of ducting a barbarous war, must remind you of that system of oppression and injustice ich the spirit of an indignant people can no longer endure. If it is possible that time should obliterate the remembrance of past transactions, t at will be the impression on the present occasion ? The wrongs of the same nation have b n continually accumulating, and have at length compelled our country to put on the a aor of safety, and be prepared to avenge the injuries which have been inflicted. In a few days, you will be joined by a body of troops of the United States Army. 1 iong them you will have the pleasure of seeing the Fourth Regiment of Infantry, the g lant heroes of Tippecanoe. They will act by your side in the approaching campaign ; a 1 while they will be ambitious to maintain, and, if possible, to increase the glory they ire already acquired, your conduct will be stimulated by the splendor of their example, a l you will be inspired with ambition to acquire laurels at least as brilliant as those they d ervedly wear. That harmony and friendship may pervade this army, and that glory and fame may a md it in all its movements, are wishes in which I am confident you will all heartily join. The citizens of the town and surrounding country turned out almost en i ,sse to witness the display and ceremonies. The narrow roadways of the t vn were crowded with a motley mass of men, women and children, soldiers, . ;k -horses, army wagons and squads of militia; all interest being centered at c np, on the little prairie between First and Third streets, just east of St. Clair £ eet. Early the next morning, May 26, 1812, the three regiments broke camp, med, with Gen. Hull and staff, in full uniform, at the head of the column, rched from town, crossing Mad River at the Staunton road ford, nearly oppo- se the head of Webster street. The march continued up the west bank of i id River about three miles, to a prairie in the east half of Section 30. The 1 tops were formed in a hollow square, and, amidst the cheers of troops and ] ople, the American flag was hoisted in front of Gen. Hull’s tent, and the me of the camp was announced as Camp Meigs, in honor of Ohio’s patriotic ‘ )vernor. The camp was regularly laid out, and the troops were made more 1 mfortable in the tents and with the equipage supplied by the Government, more rigid discipline was maintained and the regular duties of camp lire he- rn Officers and men were drilled in outpost and guard duty. To relieve the two companies of the First Regiment, then out scouting, the wernor issued the following order to Col. Holt and Capt. Yan Cleve, then in mp at Adam’s Prairie, on Hole’s Creek: Headquarters, Dayton, May 26, 1812. Capt. William Yan Cleve’s company of riflemen will march to the frontier of the ite, west of the Miami, under the direction and charge of Col. Jerome Holt. Col. Holt 11 assist the frontier inhabitants in erecting block-houses in suitable places, and adopt y mode he may think best for the protection of the frontiers, and the continuance of 2 settlements. R. J. Meigs, Governor of Ohio. Patrols of militia kept the roads on both sides of the Miami, from Camp eigs to Piqua, clear of Indians. A troop of horse, in command of Col. Sloan, Cincinnati, reported at Camp Meigs on the 27th, and within three or four >ys the two companies of the First Regiment returned to camp. The army was not to be encumbered with artillery in "crossing the country 324 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. but were to be supplied at Detroit, where there were a number of siege-gui and batteries of lighter caliber. At Camp Meigs, everything was in readiness to move; the wagon trai; with baggage and ammunition, were parked, ready to load tents and equipage pack-horse brigades were all organized to carry provisions and forage. May 31, the order was issued “to strike tents early in the morning.” T1 little army of 1,600 men had been armed and equipped for the campaig against the British forces and their Indian allies. A description of the out for officers and men, as they marched from Camp Meigs on that bright Jm morning, seventy years ago, may be interesting. The General and his staff, the Colonels of regiments and other mount; officers, wore cocked hats with plumes; sabers at their sides and a pair of b horse pistols in the holsters; soldiers were dressed in tow-linen hunting-shii) and breeches, low-crowned hat, with cockade or plate worn on the side. T arms were flint-lock muskets, with bayonets, some mounted companies using addition the old, heavy flint-lock horse pistols, that were about fifteen to twe ty inches long. To the waist-belt in a leather pocket, hung the tomahawk, ai in a sheath was a butcher -knife. On the right hip, attached to a cross be thrown over the left shoulder, was the cartridge box. In a small sheath on t left side hung the bayonet. They were also supplied with canteens. T knapsack was made of heavy linen, painted and varnished. The blanket v rolled on top and the whole covered with a piece of oil cloth. Clothing, ratic and ammunition, were carried in the knapsacks. Companies were usually di ded into messes of six men each, rations were issued to each mess every eve ing, each man cooking, in the most primitive manner, his provisions for the m day. The rations were flour or corn meal, fat bacon, parched corn and s; Cattle were driven along with the supply trains, thus furnishing an occasion 1 issue of fresh beef. Whisky was issued in bad weather, or when extra duty vi required. The flour was made into flapjacks, or, after kneading, was twist l around a pole five or six feet long, then this “pole bread” was baked by tin ing before the fire. j Thus organized and equipped for the field, this, the first army of Gh, designated as the Northwestern Army, by the Government, marched from Can Meigs, Monday, June 1, 1812. The whole population of the town and coin' gathered at the camp to witness their departure. The Governor and his st l were present, with many strangers from Cincinnati and from over in Kentuc . The general call was beat at half past 4 o’clock in the morning; tents w struck; baggage, tents and equipments loaded into the wagons; a hasty bre;- f ast and the assembly was sounded. The column was formed as follows : C airy on the right; next in line was the Second Regiment; then the Third Oh and on the extreme left maiched the First Regiment, followed by the wap train and brigades of pack mules. For several miles crowds of people tram], through the fields on either side of the troops, many following all day, ; sleeping in camp the first night, and did not return to their homes for a day ) two. The road the troops marched out on is now known as the old To pike, but at that time it was simply a country road that led north to the set; ments on the Miami River, and was known as the Staunton road. The arjj went into camp at Staunton the first evening, a small settlement a mile east, Troy. It was the intention of Gen. Hull to march the army up the east hard the Miami, to Fort Loramie, then cross over to the Auglaize, and keep on doji to the rapids of the Maumee. A large number of batteaux and other keel bp had been loaded with flour, corn-meal, pork and corn, here at Dayton, to 1 taken up the river, protected by the troops, but the water was too low, and 1 first day out the boats stranded on the shoals. This caused a change of pit DAYTON HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 327 ad the army was paid oft’ and remained until the 6th in camp at Staunton. It ien marched across to Urbana, where they arrived on the 7th, and camped in l ie eastern part of the town. Gov. Meigs had left Dayton on the 3d for Tir- ana, to hold a council with twelve Indian chiefs, who had been assembled aere for the purpose; sis of them, Cutawepasa, Cutawepa, Piageha, Pitahage, itekishemo and Nasahacothe, were of the Shawnee tribes; five of them, Jahe, kanato, Scutush, Manaham and Dewesen, of the Wyandots, and Mathame, ; the Mingoes. To impress the savages with the strength of the army, and of ie determination and power of the United States Government to hold the ter- tory ceded by the English Government, in the treaty of 1783, the army at rbana were paraded on the afternoon of June 8, and reviewed by the Gov- 'nor, attended by the Indian chiefs, several officers of the State, and other ilitary and civil officers. The Fourth Regiment United States Infantry and several militia compa- es arrived as re -enforcements, increasing the army to 2,500 effective men. A ospital was establised at Urbana. and other arrangements made for that point ; a base of supplies for the army. The First Regiment was ordered to cut a >ad north through the woods to Scioto River, and, in compliance with this or- ar, marched from camp on the 11th, and, on the 16th, reached the south bank ‘ the Scioto, twenty- four miles from Urbana, and began building two block- rnses, each 20x24 feet, in a low fiat piece of woods. The two block-houses were mnected by a strong stockade; another stockade was put up, inclosing a half ■re of ground surrounding the houses ; these fortifications were given the name : Fort McArthur. On the 15th the army left Urbana. The general line of arch was through the counties of Logan, Hardin, Hancock and Wood, to ie foot of the Maumee Rapids, where they crossed and marched to Fort etroit. On the evening of the 19th, the army arrived at Fort McArthur, where they imped for three days. The woods were full of hostiles, rendering it neces- iry to have a strong rear guard, and to march companies of riflemen on the mks of the army. June 21, the Second Regiment was detailed to cut the road through to lanchard’s Fork of the Auglaize River. For several days it had been raining intinuously, and, leaving a company as a garrison, the army marched from ort McArthur, on the 22d, into the swamps, and, after marching twelve miles, at stuck in the mud, and, as a matter of precaution, built a block-house, call- ig it Fort Necessity. These block-house stations were erected to store provis- os not needed for immediate use, and which could afterward be forwarded uder escort of the militia. About twenty miles farther on Fort Findlay was built on the high ground a the west side of Blanchard’s Fork, where Findlay now stands. It was a ockade of fifty yards square, with block-houses at each of the four corners ad a ditch in front. With the Third Regiment in the advance, to clear a road, the army began ie march through the Black Swamp — a part of it is now known as Hull’s ‘rairie. The distance from Fort Findlay to the rapids is thirty-five miles, and - was a tedious march. The road was badly cut up by the mounted troops, pack- orses and 106 heavily loaded wagons. Thirteen wagons were abandoned in the iud. In many places the men marched knee-deep in mud. Gen. Hull arrived t the Maumee, June 30, and crossed, with his army, in fine health and spirits, ud at once resumed his march to Detroit. To keep open his line of communi- ation, and to protect stores and public property left at the forts and stations, filitia were stationed at Dayton, Piqua, Ui'bana, St. Mary’s, Fort McArthur ad Fort Findlay, and a battalion at Fort Greenville. ,G 328 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. After the departure of the army from Camp Meigs, on Mad River, Gen Munger marched his militia command up from Hole’s Creek and occupied thi camp. As commander of this post, his duty was to guard all public store here, and keep the roads open as far as Piqua and Urbana. Quartermastei commissary and ordinance stores were forwarded through Dayton to the front Capt. Perry’s company of rangers was constantly scouting through th country between St. Mary’s and Fort Wayne, skirmishing with Indian parties and killing all they captured. On the 8th of July, they were ordered to gi through to Vincennes. The object of the Governor in holding the militia ii camps, in Southern and Western Ohio, and at the posts along the line of com munications to the north, was to be ready to organize a second army in case o emergency. Camp Meigs being a favorable point, quite a considerable fore was assembled here, or held ready to report at short notice. About the middl of June, Air. Cooper employed the militia who were at Camp Meigs, in dig, gin a race from the old mill-race, on First street, to Fifth street. The race wa dug from a point just north of First street and east of Madison, running south west to Second street, and crossing that street about a hundred feet east of th present canal basin, continuing south and parallel to the present course c the canal; just above Fifth street he built a saw-mill that stood there unt; 1847. Lieut. Gwynne, of the United States Army, opened a recruiting office ; one of the Dayton taverns, on the 1st of July, enlisting men for live years’ sen ice, offering $16 bounty, and if the recruit served his time out, or was kille; or disabled in the service, he was to receive three months additional pay an get 160 acres of land. Men were also enlisted for eighteen months and n ceived the bounty, but no land. Musicians were hired by the month; boyij with, the consent of their parents or guardians, were enlisted as musicians. The Dayton riflemen, stationed at Greenville, with the citizens of that tom celebrated the 4th of July by a parade and big dinner. Army trains and mil tia made too much confusion in this county for any observance of the day. July 10, Gov. Meigs, who was then at Chillicothe, ordered Gen. Munger ! disband his militia brigade, as it was then thought their services would not 1 required. Farmers sold their grain, stock and surplus products, to army contracto at advanced prices; some idea of the business of this kind carried on hei through that summer may be had from the advertisements of contractors, one r of the Governor. The rallying music of the fife and drum resounded rough the brushy streets of Dayton. Monday evening and Tuesday morning veral companies from adjoining counties marched through town on their way ;>rth; on Tuesday, Maj. Jenkinson, with a battalion of 350 men, that had been ised as a re- enforcement to the army, before the news of the fall of Detroit is known, halted at Camp Meigs on their way to the front. A Greene County •igade marched under Gen. Benjamin Whiteman. Troops were being organ- ed and rapidly pushed to the front to meet an expected advance of the victor - us enemy. Capt. Steele’s Dayton company, with others, was ordered to St. Mary’s; apt. Steele was placed in command of the post, and Private Joseph H. Crane as made Sergeant Major. The following is a copy of the pay-roll of the company, and from it it will i seen that a detachment must have been away on scouting duty, as there are fly fifty-two names here: Capt. James Steele, Lieut. George Grove, Ensign James McClain, First ergeant John Folkerth, Second, Ralph Wilson, Third, John Strain, Fourth, ames Henderson, First Corporal, Matthew Patton, Second, Alexander Grimes, bird, George Harris, Fourth, David Henderson: privates, Joseph H. Crane, ahn Deaver, David Brier, John McCabe, John Rowan, Samuel Walton, Joshua reer, George Newcom, John Newcom, Simpson McCarter, George Ward, Wil- :am Bay, James Miller, John Lowe, Daniel Sunderland, William Vanosdarl, filliam Montgomery, James Petticrew, James McClain, John Holderman, Sam- el King, James Brier, Ira Smith, Abraham Smith, George Wollaston, Lewis lordon, Jeremiah Collins, Jonathan Mayhall, David Riffle, Robert McCleary. William Van Covk, James Bay, John Enoch, Henry Jennings, William McCor- 330 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. mick, Andrew Robeson, Moses Hatfield, Moses McNair, Alexander Guy, "William Fryback, Caleb Worley. The military roads through Montgomery County were from Cincinnati up through Lebanon and Centerville, and the other through Franklin and Miamis- burg, to Dayton, then up Main street to First, and out that street to the Staun ton road ford, up to Camp Meigs, across the bottoms, and on up Hull’s road to Staunton, where the roads forked to Piqua and Urbana. The following order placed the organization of troops and the responsibil ity of the defense upon Gen. Munger, who was in command of the Fifth Bn ofade of the First Division of Ohio Militia: Urbana, August 5th, 1812 General Munger: Sir — You will take immediate measures for the defense of the frontier within your command. You will cause block-houses to be created at suitable places. Advise the in- habitants to associate and erect suitable stations of defense in such way as to accommodate families. The astonishing fate of General Hull’s army has exposed the frontier to barbar- ians. I have written by express to the Secretary of War on the subject of defense. I hope soon to see the Kentucky army here, when a regular system of operations will be adopted. In the meantime, you will direct and advise the most judicious course. Your obedient servant, R. J. Meigs Gen. Munger promptly marched, with his brigade, to Piqua; directed the removal of the publi'c stores from that point to Dayton, and ordered Capt, Steele’s company to advanco to St. Mary’s, where they built block-houses foi the defense of the town. It was then the most advanced post along the frontiei line. There was no information from the front; the British had undisputed possession of the lakes from Fort Dearborn (Chicago) to the Niagara; there was no artillery in the West; the Maumee country was occupied by roving bands of Indians. Additional block-houses were built in the neighborhoods in: this and Preble Counties. Gen. W. H. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana Territory, had beer appointed by Gov. Scott, of Kentucky, Major General of Kentucky volunteers The General immediately started from Frankfort with an escort of Kentucky cavalry, to take command of the Kentucky militia, then on the march. Hi overtook them in camp just below Centerville, in this county. Monday after noon, August 31, Col. Samuel Wells, of the United States Army, with three oi four hundred of the Seventeenth Infantry, and Capt. William Garrard, with i troop of horse from Bourbon County, Ky., passed through Dayton, halting over night out at Camp Meigs. Tuesday morning Gen. Harrison, accompanied b}| his staff and escort, arrived and halted for a few hours; the citizens of the towi honored him with a salute of eighteen guns. The little iron gun used in firing this salute was stationed under a big oak tree that stood on the east side o Main street, north of the alley between Second and Third streets, the back end of Lot No. 108. While they were tiring, a brigade of Kentuckians, 1,800 strong in command of Brig. Gen. John Payne, marched up Main street, halting neai Second street. The brigade consisted of the following regiments: First Ken tucky Infantry, Lieut. Col. John M. Scott commanding; Fifth Kentucky Infan try, Lieut. Col. William Lewis commanding, and a I'egimentof Kentucky Rifles; Lieut. Col. John Allen commanding. In firing the salute one of the citizen!; had one hand shot off, and the other badly wounded. In the afternoon th< troops marched out to Camp Meigs. The following letter is evidence that they were pleased with their reception by the Dayton people: State of Ohio, Camp Near Dayton, September 1, 1872. The commander of the Kentucky Volunteers begs leave to return to the citizens oj Dayton the thanks of himself and the army under his command, for the tribute of respec paid to them in passing through the town. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 331 They flatter themselves that in the hour of trial they will not be found unworthy of t; confidence of their country. They feelingly commiserate with the citizen, who, in jying them that tribute, was maimed in the accidental going-off of the cannon, and they l r leave to present to him a small sum of money, a voluntary contribution of the officers, [ vard defraying the expenses of his cure. By order of the General. Asa Payne, Aide-de-Camp. Thomas Smith, Secretary. Two regiments of Montgomery County troops were held at Piqua; a battal- ii, under Maj. Adams, was sent to St. Mary’s. Col. Jerome Holt was ordered ■th his regiment, to Greenville to build a block-house and strong stockade; lie station at Loramie’s was strengthened and re-enforced. The^Govemor had ; vanced the militia to Fort McArthur, and ordered the works there, and at ! >rfc Manary and Urban a to be enlarged. The Indians were threatening an attack upon Fort Wayne, and Gen. Mun- < r had ordered Maj. Adams to march to the relief of that post, when the Gov- tjhor and Gen. Harrison arrived at Piqua and decided to send a larger force; a urier was sent to Maj. Adams to hold his battalion at St. Mary’s for re-enforce- mts. This address from the Governor and Gen. Harrison’s call for troops 11 explain the situation and their plans : Piqua, September 2, 1812. ;llow-Citizens of Ohio : At a moment like this, I appeal to your valor and patriotism. Maj. General Harrison ’ 11 rendezvous a respectable force of Kentucky volunteers at Dayton on the 15th instant : ■ a short expedition. Gen. Harrison desires to add to his troops any number of volunteers from the State i Ohio, who will serve on the expedition, not exceeding thirty days. All those who will embrace this favorable opportunity of distinguishing themselves 1 der an able commander, and of rendering to the State of Ohio a valuable service, will, in •sir equipment and movements, follow the directions of Gen. Harrison hereto subjoined. R. J. Mei&s, Governor of Ohio. VOLUNTEERS WANTED. Any number of volunteers, mounted, and prepared for active service, to continue for ,‘enty-five or thirty days, will be accepted to rendezvous at the town of Dayton, on the g Miami, on the 15tli inst. It is expected that the volunteers will provide themselves with salted provisions and a rt ion of biscuits; those who are unable to procure them, will be furnished if possible, lose brave men who may give their country their services on this occasion, may be as- red that an opportunity of distinguishing themselves will be offered. I shall command the expedition in person, and the number of troops employed wdll be equate to the object proposed. I will also hire a number of substantial horses; fifty cents a day will be allowed for ch horse provided with saddle and bridle. Those patriotic citizens who are unable to afford personal assistance, will render essen- il service to their country by furnishing the horses, which must be delivered in Dayton the 14th inst., to a person wdio will be authorized to receive and receipt for them. Wm. H. Harrison. Headquarters Piqua, Sept. 2. 1812. Headquarters Piqua, 5th September, 1812, 4 O’Clock A. M. runted Volunteers; I requested you in my last address to rendezvous at Daj'ton on the loth inst. I have )\v a more pressing call for your services! The British and Indians have invaded our •untry and are now besieging (perhaps have taken) Fort Wayne. Every friend to his ■untry, who is able to do so, will join me, as soon as possible, w r ell mounted, with a good ie and twenty or thirty days’ provisions. Ammunition will be furnished at Cincinnati d Dayton, and the volunteers will draw provisions (to save their salted meat) at, all the iblic deposits. The Quartermasters and Commissaries will see that this order is executed. William II. Harrison. A thousand men were ordered from Urbana to St. Mary’s, and on Sunday, Sep- mber 6, Gen. Payne’s brigade of Kentuckians marched from Piqua to the .me point. Maj. Richard M. Johnson arrived in Dayton, on Sunday, with 300 332 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. mounted Kentucky infantry. They bivouacked on Main street for the night, and rode to Piqua the next day. Gen. Harrison was concentrating his troops at St. Mary’s for the expedition to the vicinity of Fort Wayne, and issued this appeal before starting to St. Mary’s, on Monday, the 7th: To the People of Ohio: Fellow Citizens — The situation of our Northwestern frontiers, exposed as they are ! to the depredations of the savages, guided and conducted by their British allies, requires decisive and energetic measures. To carry my views into effect, it is necessary that 1 should mount on horseback one at least of the regiments of infantry under my commami I have therefore authorized Jesse Hunt and Peyton Short to engage any number of horses not exceeding eight hundred in number, for an expedition which is not expected to exceed twenty-live or thirty days. Each horse is to be provided with a saddle and bridle. The terms are lifty cents a day for each horse and equipments, to be paid for by the United States should they be lost, or should the horses die by any other than a natural death. Au appraisement will take place upon the delivery of the horses, and every pains taken to pre- vent them from being abused. Patriots of the Revolution! you who are no longer able to give your assistance in the field, will you withhold from your countrymen the means of ; coming in contact with the enemy, to retrieve our late misfortunes, and wipe away the dis jj grace which our army have sustained? I cannot doubt but that every friend to his country, who can spare a horse, will aid us on this occasion. William IT. Harrison. Headquarters, Piqua, 7th Sept., 1812. The subscribers will attend in Dayton, at the house of Major David Reid, on the 15th and lGth of this month to receive and receipt for horses. Jesse Hunt, September 8, 1812. Payton Short. The paper here urged the people to promptly respond in every possible; case to this opportunity afforded the real patriots of the country to step forth in defense of our soil; that these are the times that try men’s souls. A lino of distinction would be drawn between the noisy pretender and the real lover of his country; that but a few days before the citizens of this and adjoining conn ties manifested a promptitude and patriotism honorable to the State, and hopes i were expressed that in the emergency they might sustain the character of the community by offering every aid called for; that the army was no longer corn manded by an old woman, and that Gen. Harrison had the confidence of all by showing an ardent devotion to the service, which none would question. On the 9th, Gen. Harrison, with his army, 4,000 strong, marched from St. Mary’s; the distance to Fort Wayne was fifty-five miles, and he was four days on the way. After destroying the Indian villages in that vicinity, he! returned, with his forces, to St. Mary’s. Maj. Adams’ battalion, from Mont-jj gomery County, who had so patriotically and promptly responded to the cal! for defense of the frontier, were discharged, and retuned to their homes. There was no regularly established army hospital in this county at any time during the war, yet many sick and wounded soldiers were cared for, es- pecially in Dayton. Soldiers of Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio and Virginia, were buried in the little pioneer graveyards along the roads through the county from Franklin and Centerville, north to Vandalia, Staunton and Milton. In September, 1812, a courier passed through to the north, bearing dis patches to Gen. Harrison; and his commission as Major General in the United States army; his assignment as commander of all the troops in the Northwest, Territory, with orders to retake Detroit. , Sunday, September 13, Brig. Gen. James Winchester and staff stopped foil dinner in Dayton, on their way to the headquarters of Gen. Harrison. Wed nesday, the 16th, Col. Payne’s regiment of Kentucky volunteers and several companies of Indiana militia were camped on the commons awaiting orders two other Kentucky regiments were out at Camp Meigs. September 17, Gen Harrison received his commission and dispatches, and began at once to organize HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 333 f • the campaign. His troops were new levies, poorly clad, and hastily pushed t the front, with but scanty supplies of ammunition, equipage and provisions. Is requisitions for ordnance and commissary supplies were promptly filled by b Government. To furnish the men with warm clothing and blankets, he ad- essed an appeal to the patriotic people of Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky, ask- i > for contributions of the needed articles. To the ladies of Dayton and iinity he sent this special appeal: Headquarters St. Marys. 29th September, 1812. General Harrison presents his compliments to the ladies of Dayton and its vicinity, and . icits their assistance in making shirts for their brave defenders, who compose his army; ny of whom are almost destitute of that article, so necessary to their health and com it. The materials will be furnished by the Quartermaster; and the General confidently >ects that this opportunity for the display of female patriotism and industry will be , ;erly embraced by his fair countrywomen. William H. Harrison. In compliance, the ladies of the town and county promptly, and -with great thusiasm, made up and forwarded to the army 1,800 shirts, by October 14. he shirts were made of calico furnished by the Indian Department from an- : ities withheld from the tribes in arms against the Government. Later in the nnth, a large quantity of clothing was taken through here from Paris, Ky., for 1 3 Kentucky troops with Gen. Winchester. Indians from the Mississinewa ] ver region were getting very troublesome to settlers of Preble and Darke ! unties, running off horses and cattle, and murdering any of the people caught nay from the block-houses. Saturday, October 2-, two little girls were mur- i red within a half mile of the fort at Greenville. A company of mounted riflemen, for immediate service at Fort Defiance, is raised in Dayton; but in consequence of these Indian troubles to the West, is company, under Maj. George Adams, was ordered to Fort Greenville, and .ere stationed at a stockade seven miles north of New Paris, as an outpost of art Greenville. October 4, Gen. Winchester, with a force consisting of three giments of Kentucky troops, four companies of regulars, a troop of horse, and ipt. Ballard’s company of spies, arrived at old Fort Defiance from Fort Wayne, id rebuilt the fort. Notice was given that horses, saddles and bridles, taken at Dayton for the Government, would be retained as Government property, id the owners were paid for them agreeably to the valuations. The valley was ill of horses that had strayed from the camps and battle-fields to the north, n agent was sent to Dayton to receive all such horses that had been taken up. Gen. Harrison’s plans for the campaign had been carefully considered, and >ward the latter part of October were rapidly developing. The army was to Ivance in three columns to the Maumee Rapids. The right wing, which he ould command himself, were being assembled at Upper Sandusky. The cen- >r, under Gen. Edward W. Tupper, was to advance from Urbana, by Forts Mc- rthur and Findlay. The left wing, with Gen. Winchester in command, would tarch from Fort St. Mary’s to Fort Defiance, and on down the Auglaize and iaumee to the rapids, where the army was to be concentrated for the advance gainst Detroit. Leaving Gen. Winchester with his brigade, at Fort Defiance, ;en. Harrison visited St. Mary’s, Urbana, Fort McArthur and Upper Sandusky. Heavy rains in November precluded any military movements for the winter ; ie country was inundated and the roads were impassable. The General then rossed to Franklinton, Franklin County, where he established his headquar- irs; here he found that Brig. Gen. Leftwich had arrived, with a brigade of irginia troops, and a train of heavy guns and lighter artillery; this brigade r as ordered to Upper Sandusky. The troops at Upper Sandusky were from ’ennsylvania and Virginia. Gen. Tapper’s command consisted of Ohio, Indi- na and Virginia volunteers; and the left wing was composed of Kentuckians 334 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. and regulars. Because of tlie good stage of water, supplies jvere to be forward- ed by boats, up the Miami River to St. Mary’s, across the portage, then down the Auglaize and Maumee, and across the head of the lake and up to Detroit If colder weather came, then the roads up through Urbana and Fort Findlay would be available. Thus it will be seen that Dayton was on the line of com munication, and so continued through the war. The following notice was published to mill-owners on the Great Miami from the Ohio River to Loramie’s: It lias become necessary to run boats from the mouth of the Great Miami to Lora mie’s, loaded with public property, and it is expected that those who own dams will imme- diately make arrangements for letting the boats pass with expedition and safety, otherwise their dams will be injured. The public boats must pass at all risks. The only danger to the line of communication seemed to be from threaten- ing Indians out on the Mississinewa River. To guard against this danger, re- serves of Miami Valley militia, were stationed at Dayton, Greenville, St. Mart’s and Urbana. Our people would occasionally hear from the Montgomery Coun- ty soldiers, and supplies for their comfort were regularly forwarded, and while there was no county organization among the ladies, as a relief societv, yet they gathered supplies for the hospitals, and made and forwarded clothing, proving themselves worthy wives and relatives of the noble pioneers who were at the front battling for homes for them. The noble deeds, the self-sacrifice and the untiring efforts of the pioneer women of the Miami Valley, if recorded, would fill a volume of most thrilling history. Nothing was grudgingly done. The actions of the men were hopefully seconded in all efforts that were made. The experience in the Indian wars enabled the women to act intelligently in their work. In similar cases, in war and peace, the example of these pioneer women has always been a characteristic of those who have followed. From this time on through the winter, and, until September of the next year (1813), Government agents were stationed at Dayton to buy all that farm ers and dealers would sell, of pickled pork, bacon, whisky, corn-meal, flour, tow linen, cattle, horses and grain; and recruiting offices were open all of the time. Business in the towns was brisk in every branch. Through the almost bottom- less mud roads, supplies were forwarded to Urbana. The greatest difficulties were met in crossing the swollen rivers and creeks by rope ferries. Later in the season, when the ground was frozen and there was some little snow and ice, transportation was easier; but wagons, sleds, teams and teamsters, pack-horses and pack-horsemen were scarce ; wagons and horses, sleds and oxen, were hired and bought from the farmers, and the farmer boys, who were too young for serv ice at the front, were employed to drive them. To induce farmers to send their teams, assurances were given that they would not be pressed into service beyond St. Mary's or Urbana. Three dollars a day was the price paid for sleds and teams that would haul six barrels of flour ; or $8 a barrel was paid for flour delivered at Pipua or Urbana; and $10 if delivered at St. Mary’s; for whisk) delivered at that point, the Government paid 75 cents a gallon. The Govern ment storehouse, in charge of Foragemaster Col. Robert Patterson, was in Dayton, at the upper end of Main street, near Grimes’ tavern. The Indians in the Mississinewa country becoming more troublesome, Gen. Harrison ordered an expedition to be fitted out to destroy the villages in that section, near where Muncietown, Ind., now is. About December 1, the detach ment arrived here in command of Lieut. Col. John B. Campbell, of the Nine- teenth United States Infantry. They were only partially mounted, and re mained here until the 1.1th of the month to procure horses. Here at Dayton they drew ammunition, ten days’ rations and forage; marching from here 600 strong, composed as follows; A squadron of Kentucky Dragoons, one company DAYTON HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 337 ' United States Infantry, a Pennsylvania troop of horse, Wo companies of ennsylvania Infantry, a detachment of Michigan militia and a troop of horse, iding from here, the column reached Greenville on the 14th and left there the ime day, the direction being a little north of west to the Mississinewa River, he duty was severe, and the utmost caution was necessary to prevent surprise [id massacre by the savages. On the way out one- third of the command were on iard every night, and the night of the 16th they marched all night down the iississinewa River to a village of Delawares and Miamis, attacking it at day- ght on the bitter cold morning of December 16. The ground was covered ith snow. They rode into the village at once, driving out the Indains, suffering ime loss themselves, but killing, wounding and capturing many of the savages, ollowing up their advantage, three other villages were taken and destroyed jie same day, the force returning to camp for the night in the wigwams of the jrst village captured. Long before daylight the next morning the men were cpiietiy awakened bile the officers held a council of war. Shortly afterward, the savages made a irious attack; the fire was instantly returned, and the troops pressed out in the trkness, ending the fight in an hour by the total rout of the Indians. The died were decently buried, and nearly the whole day was consumed in prepar- ig stretchers for the forty who were too badly wounded to ride. Their total >ss was eight killed and forty-eight wounded. The Indian losses were thirty died and, fully twice that many wounded and forty-three prisoners. So many orses had been killed and lost in action, that nearly one-half the command was ismounted. Toward evening they marched three miles on the return before oing into camp for the night. Breaking camp before daylight the next morning, they marched fourteen dies that day, and at supper the supply of provisions was exhausted. One-, alf the men were placed on guard, while the other half was engaged in throw- ig up breastworks for defense. The roads were in as bad condition as snow, iud and ice could make them. The wounded were particularly uncomfortable id suffering intensely from cold and exposure, in addition to the pains from ounds that could not receive proper attention. Nearly every man had either ands, feet or ears frost-bitte i. The horses were in a starving condition. At ,oon of Tuesday, the 22d, Maj. Adams, with a re- enforcement of ninety-five men rom Greenville, met them, and at once issued to the almost exhausted soldiers, half ration each. The next day, Col. Holt met them with a supply of provis- >ns that enabled them to reach Fort Greenville on the 24th, with but 303 men t for duty; two of the wounded had died on the march. In camp, twelve miles lis side of Greenville, a resolution of thanks was voted Col. Holt, Maj. Adams ad the rest of their command, for prompt and efficient relief afforded. Sunday, December 27, the detachment reached Dayton, on their way back to eadquarters at Franklinton, showing, by their distressed condition, the hard- aips they had endured and the sharp fights they had been engaged in; with all ieir sufferings they had fought gallantly and, were punished severely. The nnpathies of this little community were immediately aroused for these wound - I officers and men ; the command was literally billeted on the town ; with iarcely an exception there was from one to five in every house; the men were i the army at the front; but the good women of the county nobly cared for lese worn-out. soldiers. Sunday was given as a day of relief and care for the 'ounded. The following order will explain itself; Detachment Order, Dayton, December 28, 1812. The troops will attend Divine service on Wednesday, the 30t.h inst., in camp, at 12 clock. When we consider the wonderful interposition of Divine Providence in our favor oring the last fatiguing, dangerous and distressing expedition, gratitude for these favors. 338 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. require our united and sincere, thanksgiving for our deliverance. I hope the troops whom I had the honor to command in times of peril “that tried men’s souls,” will attend with suitable decency and reverence, and join in devoutly expressing our obligations to that Be ing whose protection we have all felt and witnessed. John B. Campbell, Lieutenant Colonel Commanding. After resting for several days, tlie command resumed the march to Frank linton; many of the wounded were left here and remained for some time: sev oral of the severely wounded died and were buried here. The result of this expedition was to place the Delawares and Miami tribes in a starving condition, so that, in January, 1,000 of them came in to Piqua to be cared for by the Government. There was no further trouble from that direction, al- though in January, the Montgomery County, militia, stationed at Greenville, organized an expedition against the Indian towns, but it was abandoned by orders from Gen. Harrison. Thirty Miami Indians were afterward brought to j! Dayton, and held as hostages for the good behavior of the tribe. Shortly after New Year’s Day, 1813, the weather moderated. Then fol lowed continuous rain storms, that again knocked the bottom out of the roads. Troops, artillery, pack-horses and wagon trains that were moving to the front made but slow progress, yet they kept going. Some days a hundred wagons and sleds, loaded with supplies, would start north for the army at Fort Defiance, Urbana and Fort McArthur. In January, Capt. A. Edwards, a physician of Dayton, who had had expe- I rience in the medical staff of the army the year before, organized a company here and marched to the front. Pay of non-commissioned officers, privates and musicians, had been fixed by Jj law of Congress, as follows: Sergeants and principal musicians, $11; mus : cians, $9; private soldiers, $8. About the middle of the month, Gen. Winchester, with the left wing, ad vanced to the rapids; then assumed the responsibility of bringing on an en- j gagement, and alone was responsible for the butchery of regulars and Kentuck- ians at the Biver Baisin, the result of which was the loss of 32 officers and 474 non-commissioned officers and privates killed, wounded and missing. Fortu- nately, Gen. Harrison soon arrived, checked the disaster and temporarily with- drew the army from the Maumee. The snow up there was very deep, and the |j army was kept moving about just enough to make them uncomfortable during the winter. In February, Ohio and Kentucky militia, whose terms of enlistment had expired, marched through Dayton on their way to their homes. The companies ! and regiments would generally bivouac on Main street for the night, keeping the little town in a hum of excitement. The waters were at such a good stage that large quantities of stores were ; forwarded from Cincinnati by boats, small boats of supplies were worked through the swamps from Loramie Creek to the Auglaize, and down to Fort Defiance ; and between Loramie and St. Mary’s there was but six miles haul ! ing to be done. The troops in the camps and forts being greatly in need of shoes during the winter, made moccasins of green hides to replace their worn-out shoes. Three hundred hogs and a large drove of cattle were bought in the county and driven!; north to the army early in the winter. Kentucky and Ohio, with the Territories of Michigan, Indiana, Illinois and Missouri, formed the Eighth Military District of the United States. Troops were needed and the greatest efforts were made to increase the army in the Northwest. Two additional Ohio regiments were authorized. Gen. Harri son visited Urbana, Franklinton, Chillicothe, Cincinnati and Dayton, to urge recruiting for the spring campaign. He was successful in this mission. Small bodies of troops were continually marching through here to the north during HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 339 jirch and April. The roads were again to be filled with an ever-changing norarna of troops and trains; the comity was to have the exciting experience the year before. In April, Gen. Green Clay, with a brigade of Kentucky troops, halted in e rain overnight, on muddy Main street, in Dayton. Although it was nec- t sary to hurry to the North, the roads were so fearfully muddy that progress i is slow. However, they pulled through in time to advance with the army for i e spring campaign. The campaign of 1813 opened the latter part of April by the British and eir Indian allies laying siege to Fort Meigs, then being built by Gen. Harri- a at the rapids of the Maumee. The enemy, shortly afterward, retreated up is Detroit River, and then to the Canada side. Lieut. James Flinn, of the cond company of United States Rangers, that had been recruited here in lyton the year before, opened an office here on the 19th of May, to enlist irty or forty rangers for one year’s service '(unless sooner disbanded) at $1 a y. Perry’s splendid victoiy on Lake Erie, September 10, and Harrison’s 1 rsuit of Procter, ended successfully at the battle of the Thames, October 5, covered to the United States control of the lakes and possession of all the ter- liiory lost by Hull’s surrender. These grand results brought rejoicing to the • ;izens of Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky. The troops were to come home ; the litary road from the Maumee to the head- waters of the Big Miami, and on wn the valley through Dayton, seemed alive with the returning battalions. : lio Volunteers, Kentucky rangers and riflemen, were constantly marching ck through Dayton. The war in the West was over, the boys were coming home to family and iends, who were anxiously watching for them. The town was crowded every y with families from every part of the county, looking for husbands, fathers, ns, brothers and sweethearts. There were no telegraph lines, or other means know where the companies were; the only way was to wait and watch — the xt one to march into town might be the one looked for, or, it might be a hun- ed miles away. Eveiy squad and battalion was hailed with- — “ Hello! What company is at?” “Bourbon County Rangers.” “Do you know where such and such a mpanyis?” “Oh, yes; we left them stuck in the mud back in the Black vamp.” Or, “ we camped with them last night; they will be along soon.” ’ains and soldiers were again camping here ; the town was filled with excite- ent and rejoicing. One of the Kentucky regiments, in bivouac on Main street, are a little noisy in their demonstrations — in a way that old soldiers have; ey got a barrel of “commissary,” and began at once (like old soldiers will) to it “ outside of it,” and to make things lively in the town for the night. They it a cannon out of Henry Brown’s barn, in Dayton, then supplying themselves ith powder from the Government storehouse, added to the excitement by dis- larging the gun at intervals until daylight. The history of the gun was this: had been captured by the Indians in one of the battles with Gen. Wayne, id, after that war, was traded in by one of Sutherland & Brown’s agents, and as finally brought here from Hamilton and used by the citizens for several jars in firing salutes on the 4th of July and other occasions. For some reason uring the night the Kentuckians got excited over the fact that the gun had ?en bought of the Indians, and they planted it on Main street to fire into Mr. rown’s house, but the affair was readily explained, and the boys went on with heir hurrah. When it became certainly known that the Dayton soldiers were on their 'arch home; citizens of the town and county met to arrange details for their ‘ception. A proposition was discussed and agreed upon, to build a foot bridge 340 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. across Mad River, that the heroes might march in dry shod: this part of the plan was afterward abandoned. A flag pole was planted at the head of Main street, and the cannon was kept there in readiness; decorations of cedar were liberally indulged in; streets and houses were trimmed up as gaily as could be with the scant resources. The arrival of a company or regiment was announced by a signal gun, and, in response, the people gathered to give the boys a hearty welcome and dinner. Tables were arranged in the open air, and the backwoods veterans were enter tained with a square meal; then in speeches and rejoicings for the rest of the day. By the 1st of December, the companies had all returned; the men, who, ! for two years, had been fighting through swamps, wading the rivers and march ing in the mud roads, had conquered a lasting peace, and were at home. Many families were to mourn the loss of dear, brave relatives, for the Montgomery County companies had been constantly on active duty at the front, and suffered 11 with the rest. The excitement continued in the West, although military operations had been transferred to the lower end of Lake Erie. Some of the Ohio militia were j retained in the service until 1814, and others were called out for short tours of ji duty the following year, at St. Mary’s, Greenville, Fort Wayne, Fort Defiance j and Detroit. A company from German Township, with one other company from this county, were called out for six months’ service in 1814. The garrison at Fort jj Detroit, under Col. Butler, had several sharp skirmishes with the British, hold- ing them in check, and fully protecting Ohio and Michigan. Friday, March 31, 1815, was designated by the Governor as a day of thanksgiving for peace that had been declared. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 341 CHAPTER IX. ebmantown — Jackson Township — Fabmersville — Alexandersville — Whisky Tax — Improved Stock — Liberty — Union — Little York — County Building — Market Rates — Butler Township — Chambersburg — Vandalia — Miamis- burg — Perry Township — New Lebanon — Johnsville — Notes — Sunbury — Clay Township — Phillipsburg — Arlington — West Baltimore — Brookville — County Infirmary — Miami Township — Carrollton — Miami Canal — Events of 1833 to 1841 — Division of Dayton Township — Harrison Town- ship — Mad River Township — Van Buren Township — Beavertown — Turn- pikes. DOR several years after the close of the war, farmers throughout the county _ were busy renewing fences, roads, farm buildings and implements, that, by ason of the pressing war necessities, had been so long neglected. Many brave imen had been able to hold the farms, cultivating just enough to feed them- lves and the children, while the men were off to war. With the treaty of hent came assurances of prolonged peace, and all of the people could go to orh to rebuild the shattered fortunes. Many of the soldiers from other States ere so favorably impressed with the rich lands of the valley that they either mained here or shortly came back to settle. That part of the county now in ickson, Perry and Clay Townships was soon all taken up. GERMANTOWN. October 3, 1814, the following announcement was made: The subscriber has lately laid off a town near his mills on Twin Creek, in Montgomery lunty, and will expose the lots for sale, at public vendue, on the ground, on the 21st day : October. The town is laid off in a dry, healthy, elevated situation, in the center of a rich and ourishing neighborhood, with two good grist and saw mills in sight, and perhaps offers as any inducements for industrious tradesmen to settle in it as any other situation in this irt of the country. The terms will be liberal, and made known on the day of sale. Philip Gunckel. This first plat sold rapidly, and Mr. Gunckel made an addition to the town, ad had the second sale on the 15th of November, 1815. The post office was itablished in October, 1818, and Peter Shaeffer was appointed Postmaster. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. Jackson Township was formed from Jefferson and German, December 7, 1814 larch 6, 1815, the citizens of the new township petitioned the Commissioners i change the name to that of Rockingham; the petition was refused. Joseph Ewing, surveyor, for Mr. Dalrimple, proprietor, platted Farmers- ille, August 30, 1832; forty-five in-lots, three out-lots. February 1, 1815, the United States put a tax of 25 cents a gallon on all istilled spirits; Thomas Constant, of Xenia, was appointed Collector of this, he Second District March 13, John Taylor laid out Alexandersville, “ in the eautiful and elegant situation at the mouth of Hole’s Creek, on the State road, etween Dayton and Franklin.” The number of horses in the county had been thinned out, which offered a ;ood opportunity to improve the stock; a better and larger grade of draft horses 342 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. were brought from the East. In the stud, in different parts of the county, wore the Miami Chief, Parmer’s Interest, Jack of Diamonds and Merry Andrew. |! The next year, Goliah was the noted and much admired horse. LIBERTY. The town of Liberty was laid off by Peter Becher December 4, 1815. The first sale of lots occurred January 8, 1810. The town was advertised “as sit- uated on pleasant, healthy and elevated ground, in the midst of a rich, populous and well-cultivated country. Roads from all the chief parts of the State meet at the town. “ It is only four miles from the Great Miami River, and one-half mile from Bear Creek, on which there are a number of saw and grist mills in operaticu. “The town is laid off at the place where William Brown formerly kept j store. It is now a very public place, as all the elections are held there for that l! township; it is also the place for military rendezvous. “The merchant, the mechanic and the lover of social life will here find a|j place to suit them all. “The many advantages which present themselves must render the town of j Liberty a place of great importance. ” The post office at Liberty was established in April, 1821, with Henry Hip pie as Postmaster. On the 1st of January, 1816, there were 2,047 white male inhabitants iuj the county twenty-one years of age and over; in Hamilton County, 3,725; But ler, 2,877; Warren, 2,313; Preble, 1,067; Greene, 1,616; Miami, 1,116; Cham- paign, 2,097. UNION. The town of Union, Randolph Township, was platted by Daniel Razer and | David Hoover, on the 12th of February, 1816, and the first sale of lots was on the 26th of the same month. The notice of sale read as follows; “The town is situated on pleasant and very healthy ground, adjoining Daniel Razor’s mill, in the midst of a rich, populous and well-cultivated country, abounding in mills and mill seats “It is on the State road leading from Dayton to Greeneville and St. Mary’s, twelve miles from Dayton, and one-half-mile from the Southwest Branch of the J Great Miami River, which is a navigable stream. “ The proprietors obligate themselves to put a pump of good running water in the middle of the town plat.” This pump was fed by water brought through wooden pipes from a spiring half a mile west of the town. LITTLE YORK. In the same township, but lower down, and on the opposite side of the river, were situated the mill, distillery and carding machine of AdamWeymire, who, on the 25th of March, laid out the town of Little York, and bad the first sale of lots April 13. He advertised the location “ as pleasant, healthy ground, in the midst of a fertile, populous country, on the Southwest Branch of the Miami, which is a navigable stream. The town lies eight miles from Dayton, and four teen from Troy; flat-bottomed boats can be taken with their loads from the town plat down the mill-race to the river.” COUNTY OFFICE BUILDING. With the increase in population, more system was required in the adminis- tration of county affairs; and in the summer of 1816, the Commissioners decided to erect a building for county offices, on the lot upon which the new court house is now being built. July 29, the contract was sold to James Wilson, at HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 343 (Under this contract, the building was to be but one story; the plans were Changed, however, and it was built two stories high; was completed by winter, and occupied in the spring of 1817. It was a brick building, forty-six feet front and twenty feet wide. In August, 1818, the upper story was rented to the Watchman, “at $50 a year, and free publication of the annual report of [the Treasurer, and election notices. ” The whole building was, after 1820, occupied for county offices. The first floor was paved with brick; the north room was the Clerk’s office, the south room the Recorder’s. The Treasurer’s office was in the north room, second floor; the Auditor’s, the south room, lifter 1820, the upper story was rented for lawyers’ offices. MARKET RATES. In December, 1816, market prices were as follows; Flour, $5 per barrel; [wheat, 75 cents; beef, per hundred weight, $3 to $3.50; pork, per hundred weight, $4; corn, 25 cents to 33 cents; oats, 20 cents to 25 cents; butter, 12-| cents; eggs, 8 cents; venison hams, pair, 50 cents ; bacon hams, pound, lO bents. January 1, flour had advanced to $6, and wheat to $3. In October, 1819, wheat was selling at 62-J- cents, and flax, 87-J- cents. After a long, cold (winter and late spring, the conditions were favorable, and there were immense props throughout the valley in 1821: roasting ears in July; the large yield of [wheat reduced the price to 20 cents a bushel, and in the fall, flour was selling ! at $3.75 a barrel. In March, 1822. the Dayton prices were; Flour, per bar- rel, $2.50; whisky, per gallon, 12|- cents; wheat, 20; rye, 25; com, 12; fresh beef, per pound, 1 to 3 cents; bacon hams, per pound, 2 to 3 cents; butter, 5 to 8 cents; eggs, 3 to 5 cents; chickens, per dozen, 50 to 75 cents. BUTLER TOWNSHIP. Butler Township was formed October 7, 1817, from the parts of Wayne (and Randolph Townships lying between the Miami River and Stillwater. The first election was held June 12, 1818, at the house of Sylvanus Swallow; sixty - Isix votes were cast, and William Kennedy was elected Justice of the' Peace. The township paid $123. 87-^ in taxes that year. Chambersburg was plat- ted by William Kennedy and Robert Hosier, proprietors, January 26, 1830; “twenty-four lots, besides the schoolhouse.” Vandaiia was laid out in thirty-three lots, by Benjamin Wilhelm, August 4, 1838. MIAMISBURG. In February, 1818, the town of Miamisburg was platted by Peter and John Treon, Jacob Kercher and Emanuel Grebhart, and within a few days, the following announcement was made: PUBLIC VENDUE. On Friday, February 20, will be offered for sale, a large number of lots in a new town by the name of Miamiesburg. Situated on the left bank of the Great Miami River, on a beautiful and fertile plane, free from inundation by the river, and through which the State road from Dayton to Gin- j cinuati, and the county road from Centerville to Germantown pass, completely situated for its future inhabitants. The plan itself shows order and convenience ; in the whole it is divided into squares, each lot containing the fifth part of an acre, adjoining on alleys sixteen feet wide; and also public grounds gratis in the center. It is contemplated to convey the water from the river to the center of the town. Fur- ther description would be unnecessary, as the elegant situation and plat will entice the purchaser; and reasonable credit will be given, with approved security. Terms made known on day of sale, and good titles will be given to purchasers. Due attendance by us. Dr. Treons, Jacob Kirger, Emanuel Gebhart. N. B. — Said lots being six miles from Franklin and eleven miles from Dayton, and known by the name of Hole’s Station. 344 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTV. Friday, May 22, the same parties had a second sale of lots. The post office was established in June, 1822, with Adam Shuey as Post- master. PERRY TOWNSHIP. Perry Township was formed March 7, 1820, to include the parts of Mad- ison and Jefferson Townships in Township 5, Ranges 4 east. At the first elec- tion, held October 2, 1820, there were sixteen votes cast. George Hoerner was elected Justice of the Peace. Pyrmont was surveyed by William G. George; and the twenty-one lots were platted by Daniel Mundhenk, proprietor, May 25, 1835 New Lebanon was platted with ten lots, by Jacob Grice, June 3, 1848; and on the same day, John Brange made an addition of nine lots to the vil- lage plat. Johnsville, on the Eaton pike, twelve miles west of Dayton, was a flour ishing village in the busy days of the stage lines, from 1840 to 1855. NOTES. Tax rates on lands for 1820 were, upon first-rate land, $2.50 per 100 acres; second-rate land, $1.75 per 100 acres; third-rate land, $1 per 100 acres; and one-fourth of 1 per cent upon all personal property. Taxes were reduced the next year, on first-rate land, to $1.50, second-rate land, to $1.12; and on third-rate land, to 75 cents. March 29, 1822, eighteen hunters of Dayton and vicinity joined in a squirrel hunt, which they kept up until noon the next day, and counted 1,000 scalps of squirrels that they had killed. Thousands of coon-skins were brought in every winter. In 1822, the Sheriff’s salary was fixed at $50 per annum; Clerk, $50; Auditor, $150. Of course, there was a schedule of fees that the officers were entitled to, in addition to their salaries. A certified copy of field notes of all land surveys and lands in Montgomery County, was obtained from the United States Surveyor General’s office, and placed in the County Auditor’s office in December, 1823. In 1824, it was estimated that there were fifty flour-mills and one hundred distilleries on the Miami River, in Montgomery County and above. In March, 1825, in order to get equitable valuations and tax rates, the power to appoint County Assessors was given to the Common Pleas Courts. John H. Williams was appointed for this county, and made return, as here given, in November, 1825: Total acres of land in the county 257,251 Value $1,137,817 Value of improvements in the townships 73,155 Value of improvements in the towns 179,993 Value of horses ' 164,400 Value of cattle 47,816 Value of carriages. 350 Mercantile capital 132,500 Total valuation 1,736,031 In February, 1827, the office of County Collector was abolished, and in March, the power to appoint Assessors was transferred to County Commis- sioners. SUNBURY. J acob Beard and Daniel Gunckel, Sr. , as proprietors, laid out the town of Sunbury, German Township, in March, 1825, and had the first sale of lots or. the 15th of April. It was at the “cross-roads,” leading to Dayton, Cincinnati and Lebanon, and there were three grist-mills, six saw-mills and a carding machine within a mile and a half of the town. DA YTON HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY 347 CLAY TOWNSHIP. June 8. 1825, the original surveyed Township 6, Range 4 east, then in 1 ndolph Township, was set off as a new township, and named Clay. The first ction was held on the 4th of July, at which thirty-three votes were cast. Phillipsburg, ten lots, was surveyed January 30, 1836, by James Hanks; nprietors, Philip Studybaker, John John, John Thomas and Nehemiah Thomas. Arlington was platted July 8, 1839, by Slingsby L. Barnes, proprietor of t • sixteen lots. West Baltimore, near the northwest corner of the township, one-half lying i this county and the other half in Preble, was surveyed June 22, 1852, by jfeob Frees. The proprietors of the land in this county were Peter Snyder, Lac Shauff, Rhinehard Bens, William Read and D. K. Boyer and Fritchey. Brookville was surveyed April 13, 1850, by Jacob Frees, for -Jacob Flory, priotor of the fifteen lots. The town was incorporated September 9, 1874. COUNTY INFIRMARY. December 6, 1825, the Commissioners advertised for a ” site for a poor bhse.” In April, 1826, they bought, of James B. Olivers, his farm, the south- vst quarter of Section 2, Township 3, Range 5 east, at $10.50 per acre. Gen. Bmund Hunger, Abraham Darst, John Folkerth, -John C. Negley, Abraham ipxell, Hemy Oldfather and John Ehrstine were appointed Directors. Gen. mger was chosen President of the Board. The institution was ready for nates in July. The expenses for the first year were $329.81 \. MIAMI TOWNSHIP. Miami Township was formed from Washington Township. December 9, 29; the division line to commence at the point where the section line between -itions 3 and 9 intersects the south county line; thence with said section line tthe north boundary line of Washington Township; thence west to the Miami liver ; down the river to the county line, and along the county line to the place Oj beginning. March 7, 1831, fractional Sections 19, 20, 29, 30, in Township 1 Range 6, the southwest corner of Dayton Township, west of the Miami River, • re attached to Miami Township; and at the same time, a large tract west of t| Miami, described as follows, was added to the new township: That part of rman Township included within the following boundaries: Beginning at the ' ami River, on the line between Montgomery and Butler Counties, at the south - nt comer of German Township; thence along the county line to the southwest C'uer of Section 28, Township 2, Range 5; thence north by the section line to tjp northwest corner of Section 4, Township 2, Range 5 ; thence east on the he between Jefferson and German Townships to the northeast corner of frac- tal Section 2, Township 2, Range 5; thence with the Miami River to the ; ice of beginning. August 21, 1841, Section 34 and fractional Sections 35 i d 36 were added from Jefferson Township. The first election in the new tvnshipwas held April 21, 1830; 219 votes were cast; William Sawyer was - icted justice of the Peace. Carrollton was platted April 27, 1830 ; Horatio G. Phillips, Alexander ! imes and Moses Smith were proprietors of the thirty-six lots. MIAMI CANAL. The demand for puplic improvements resulted in the passage of a bill, in ibruary, 1825, authorizing the construction of the Ohio and Miami Canals. ^ the first week of April, 1827, the engineers began the survey, to locate the iami Canal from Mad River to Middletown. May 17, the Canal Commission- 'll in session at Dayton, opened 600 bids for construction contracts, and then 348 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. made the awards by sections. The contractors near Dayton, and along the lin. generally, began work about June 1. Monday, September 3, excavation wa commenced at the basin between Second and Third streets, Dayton; and in th evening the event was celebrated by an artillery salute, which attracted a larg assembly of people to the commons. Water was let into the canal from the mill-race near the corner of Fift and Wyandot streets, Dayton, Friday evening, September 26, 1828. Most of j leaked through the embankment along the river at the bluffs in Van Bure Township ; and a break was made in the embankment there November 24 Wednesday, December 17, the packet Alpha, with a party of Dayton ladies an gentlemen, made a trip to Hole’s Creek. With another Dayton party, she mad her next trip to Miamisburg, Monday, the 22d, and returned to Dayton on Wee •nesday; and made a second trip to Miamisburg on Christmas Day, returnin Friday. The water at that time was making slow progress toward Franklin. Tic canal was opened through to within four miles of Cincinnati, January 1829. Work on the aqueducts over Mad River and the Miami commenced in 183! but construction north of Dayton was not pushed with vigor, for the canal w; not opened to Piqua until in 1837, and to Toledo in 1845. The openin'g of the canal from Mad River south was the beginning of new era of prosperity and improvement in the county, also marked with an ii crease of trade in all the branches. The men who had lived in the log cabii had won a competence in the wilderness. Horses and other stock, so long on footing of social equality in cabin life, were to be shut up in the barn-yards, < turned into the fields to graze. Squatters had long before been crowds from the hills and valleys of the county. After a few years in the deadening evidences of comfort and thrift shone through the log heaps and corn patehc The county was dotted with comfortable farmhouses and clean little village The streams, large and small, were taxed to gather power to run the mills th occupied every “site.” The aggregate value of taxable property in the coun in 1831 was 81,894,433; the total tax assessment for that year was 813,151.2 events — 1833 to 1841. Although the cholera in 1833 created a big scare in the United States, did not prevail to any considerable extent in this county. Schools were in successful operation in the townships after 1830, and wen, with but few exceptions, held in log houses. After 1835, the number of bud ings was increased, and in 1837 every neighborhood had its own school. Bridg were built and the roads improved, but not macadamized until after 1888. In 1837, log, frame and brick taverns were doing a successful business different points along the Franklin and Staunton roads, and on the roads 1 Springfield, Xenia, Lebanon and Eaton. The brick tavern on Greencastle H in Dayton has been but recently torn down, to connect Summit street with GH rages, who killed and scalped him. Robert, the son, his mother also being dead, settled up the estate, and , th his brother and two sisters came down the Ohio River in a flat-boat, to I rt Washington. In 1796, Robert Edgar came to the Dayton settlement, locating an eighty i:e tract of second-rate land in Section 33, now the southwest corner of hd River Township, a portion of it being now within the corporate limits of liyton, at the south end of Wayne street. He married Mrs. Margaret Kirkwood (nee Gillespie), widow of David Kirk- lod, of Cincinnati, September 27, 1798. She was born in Philadelphia April 1772. They first went to housekeeping in the old cabin at the southwest corner Water and Mill streets, in Dayton. He was a farmer, yet being of an in- . nious turn, frequently had profitable employment at the Cooper Mills, below ryton, and at the Robinson Mill, up Mad River. In 1805, while yet living town, he built for D. C. Cooper the grist-mill at the head of Mill street, d ran it for a short time, but moved back on his own farm before the spring , .1806. The first iron mold-board plow that was brought to this county was owned him, and used on his farm at that time. It was a great curiosity to the •Tiers, and its work a marvel. None of them had ever before seen anything the kind, and they were interested, as farmers are now. in improved farm iplements, as this one certainly was over the wooden plows then made by the rmers themselves, from the forks of hard wood saplings. Of the large family of children born to Mr. and Mrs. Edgar, but five of em lived through childhood. Jane Alien, their second child, was born November 24, in the year 1800, ad was married to Augustus George December 4, 1817. She died March 3, 126. Robert Andrew, born Octobor 10, 1803, married Catharine Iddings August 1831, and died September 7, 1833. Samuel D., bom March 25, 1806, married Minerva A. Jones August 5, 145; died October 1, 1874. Mary, born April 8, 1811, married Stephen Johnston May 10, 1831; died illy 25, 1849. John F., born October 29, 1814, married Effie A. Rogers April 20, 1843, id is still living with his wife and three daughters in Dayton. He is an Ider in the First Presbyterian Church, and ‘is the only child of Robert Ed- ar’s now living. In the war of 1812, Robert Edgar was a soldier in one of the companies t mounted rangers from this county, and among the interesting relics of that loody border war, is his sword now in possession of his son, John F. Edgar. The care of the four children and the managment of the farm during her usband's service in the army devolved upon Mrs. Edgar, who, with the other rave, true-hearted women of that day so nobly bore their share of the dangers nd trials incident to frontier life. Her babe, Mary, was but a year old, yet he brave mother with the aid of her three children, Jane eleven years old; jlobert, nine years old; and Samuel, six years old, took care of the cattle, cul- ivated and harvested the grain, and kept the farm in good shape until the re- run of her husband. The farm was not exposed to Indian attacks like those u the western and northern parts of the county; yet the anxiety for the safety if her husband, the common danger to all frontier settlements, the care and re- sponsibility of the family, and the burden of farm work taxed her heart and 354 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. strength to the utmost. Her gallant soldier husband returned safely to his family to live in the peace won in the victory over the savages and their British allies. Mr. Edgar and his wife were members of the Presbyterian Church, he having been active in its first organization in Dayton, and helped to get out the logs and put up the little log cabin meeting-house in the hazel thicket back of the corner at Third and Main streets, in the year 1800. He died December 19, 1838. Mrs. Edgar died November 25, 1841. The Edgar name is perpet- uated through the son Samuel D. who was married in 1845. and succeeded to the ownership of the farm, and died in 1874; and, in the division of his estate, left the homestead to his son Charles, who was born May 29, 1851, married Caroline L. Bidleman January 26, 1871, and died November 23, 1877. Margaret, Emma B. and Robert C. were bom at the old home in Mad River Township. The son, Robert C., was born June 5, 1877, and is the repiv sentative in the fifth generation of the descendants of Robert Edgar the eider, his great-great-grandfather, who emigrated to this country in 1739; and of his great-grandfather who was one of the pioneers of Montgomery County, and oi whose life this sketch is written. MAJ. GEOKGE AUAMS. One of the bravest, most experienced and daring Indian lighters among the earliest settlers of Montgomery County, was Maj. George Adams, who was born in Virginia October 26, 1767, served as a drummer boy in the Revolution- ary army, and came West with dispatches to Gen. Harmar in the fall of the year 1790. Adams, with a companion, came down the Ohio River in a canoe from Pittsburgh, as a bearer of dispatches to Gen. Harmar, at Fort Washington. Gen. Harmar’ s expedition had marched against the Indians, and Gov. St. Clair, who was at the Fort, desiring to aid in forwarding the dispatches, proposed tc furnish Adams with a good horse, saddle and bridle, if he would follow Harmar’s trail. Adams, equipped with rifle and ammunition, and provided with parched corn, some flour and a piece of pork, started without delay, and at the end of the fourth day, overtook the army near the old Chillicothe town, on the Little Miami River, and delivered his dispatches to Gen. Harmar. He joined one of the companies of Kentucky Mounted Infantry, in Maj. Fontaine’s battalion, and continued with the expedition to the junction of the St. Joseph and St, Mary’s Rivers (now Fort Wayne, Ind.), where the army, in detachments, suffered mortifying defeat on the 19th and 22d of October He was in Col. Hardin’s fight of the 19th, and participated in the disastrous battle of the 22d. It was shortly after sunrise that Maj. Fontaine with his battalion charged the Indians on the west bank of the St. Joseph River, and was killed. George Adams was close by the Major at the time, and although himself wounded, was still fighting. In the fight of October 22nd, in a fierce hand tc hand contest with the savages, he was five times severely wounded, yet mirac ulously escaped, but was pronounced to be in a dying condition. From the failure to carry out the plans for a surprise of the Indian camp, the savages escaped, but making a stand, a scattering fire was kept up in the regular backwoods style, where each man treed and fought on his own hook. George Adams’ horse was killed in the first dash at the savages, and Adams was shot in the thigh. He then fought from tree to tree. His arm was broken by a bullet. He was shot in the side, the ball cutting through the flesh and lodging under his other arm. He was shot in the breast, the bullet lodging under his shoulder blade. Yet notwithstanding these severe wounds, he was not totally disabled, and to stop fighting was death. Seeing an Indian: DA YTON HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 357 ear. who had just fired his rilie. he gave chase, overtook him, tomahawked im, and while scalping him, five other savages came up and fired at him. fi the effort to grasp his rifle, he found that his arm was paralyzed from being roken and the severe wound in the shoulder. He caught his rifle with his jther hand, and escaped into the thickets before the Indians could reload. He ad killed five Indians in the two days’ fighting, but now, from great loss of lood, his strength only lasted until he got back to the battalion, where he fell xhausted upon the ground, and was one of the few wounded who escaped and 'ere carried on litters into camp. The surgeons dressed his wounds, but stated rat it was impossible for him to live through the night, and his grave was jug ready for his burial, before the retreat should begin. Contrary to all expec it ions, he was alive in the morning, and was carried on a litter between two iorses the next day’s march; and in the evening, there still being no hopes of is recovery, a second grave was dug for him. He was thus canned in a weak nd unconscious condition from day to day, back to -Fort Washington, where for i any weary weeks his life hung as by a thread, but finally he fully recovered, et carried for the rest of his life the two Indian bullets in his body, one in his roulder, the other in his thigh. He again became a strong, robust man. bout five feet eight inches tall. His hair was red, and he wore it very long, te was as brave as a lion, used to the life of a woodsman, quick in expedients, elf-reliant, perfectly acquainted with the trails through the forests, and the pcation of Indian villages, and from his knowledge of their haunts, habits and iodes of warfare, his services were invaluable in all campaigns against the ivages from St. Clair’s defeat in 1791, until the close of the war in 1795. jle was in St. Clair’s defeat November 4, 1791, but escaped without injury, al- lough he was in constant service through the campaign, scouting through the odian country, frequently having running fights with the savages, but as his fleet was only tc get information, he avoided observation and battle. January 26, 1792, he married Elizabeth Ellis, probably at Limestone, Ky. he was born in Northwest Virginia, or in Greene or Westmoreland County, enn., March 31. 1773. George Adams was a Captain of scouts in Wayne’s rmy, in the campaigns of 1793, 1794 and 1795. On one of his expeditions orth into the Indian country, his two intended graves were pointed out to him ;y one of his comrades, who had assisted in digging them in 1790. He passed safely through the perils of Wayne’s active aggressive war. wider ing conspicuous service in all important movements; and when the In- ians had dispersed after the conclusion of the treaty of peace at Greenville, he necessity for the services of Capt. Adams and his brave men no longer ex- ited. They could then locate their lands and settle down to enjoy the peace nd possession their valor had aided in conquering. In consideration of his services as drummer boy in the Revolutionary nny, he received a warrant for 100 acres of land, which he located south of lamilton, Ohio, and lived upon it for a short time. Knowing thoroughly of the rich lands up the Miami, toward Mad River, le profusion of luxuriant verdure and native vegetation to be found in its rich, olendid bottoms, and over the rolling timber lands; when it was found that re Indians would respect the treaty by leaving this valley unmolested and tear- to settlers, Adams ventured into the forest with his little family, and lany others came to settle around him on Silver Creek (Hole’s). His services p the Indian wars entitled him to a large tract of Government land. He otered 400 acres of first-rate land in Sections 21, 27 and 28, Range 6, Town- pP 1, east bank of the Miami, and built his cabin in the bend of the river, elow but near to Silver Creek (Hole’s). With his family he brought their yanty cabin furniture and supplies, his rifle, ax, and one horse critter, begin- 358 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. ning life in the backwoods by cultivating that year (1797), a little garden and corn patch at the edge of the prairie on his land. In the river were tish in abundance; and in the woods game and wild honey, so that even in thac first year there was but little privation for his fam- ily. With each year his farm was improved, furniture and cabin were made more comfortable. In the fields were cattle and hogs, and the fertile soil yielded abundant crops. The farmer and his family had bread and butter, milk, meat and vegetables in plenty for themselves, and gave freely of it to hungry travelers and wandering Indians. Until after the year 1800, he had no near neighbors, and but few cabins i had been built. After that year, land was more rapidly taken up and the road up the river was in constant use. That part of his farm near the mouth of the creek was known as Adams Prairie, where in after years militia camps were located and camp meetings were often held. The New-Light Church people in the early days, at stated times, held services in his cabin, and in later years he became a zealous member of |j that church. At the Indian alarm in 1799, Adams organized the settlers of the neighbor- hood as a garrison for the defense of Hole’s Station, and the cabins around. There were no whites west of the river, and it was feared that the Indians might come down the Bear Creek trail, to destroy the feeble settlements along ' the river from Hole’s Creek down to Hole’s Station. For a few days, possibly for a month, scouts were kept out, and the families repaired to the block-house each night, but the danger passed without the settlements being molested. In|| fact, the settlers of Montgomery County never were really distm’bed by Indian war parties, although until 1811 it was a common thing for them to be herein small parties of hunters and traders. George Adams was the father of four sons — George, Thomas, William and Caleb — all of whom are dead ; and four daughters — Elizabeth, Cynthia, Martha and Nancy; the latter is dead, but the others were living not long since. Under the militia laws of Ohio, sometime after the county was organized. ! Adams was commissioned Major of one of the Montgomery County regiments and held that position at the time hostilities began against the British anc Indians in 1812. By oi'der of the brigade commander, his battalion was as sembled at the prairie on his farm near Alexandersville, April 16, of that year, and from it the ranks of Capt. Perry’s company of United States Ranger; were tilled. Maj. Adams was in constant service through the war. In August, im mediately upon receipt of the news of Hull’s surrender, he marched with kii battalion to the frontier and was in command of the post at St. Mary’s until tin arrival of Gen. Harrison and his army, the last of September. By reason of his well-known bravery and knowledge of Indian warfare he was assigned to the command of a regiment of scouts for special service t( the front of Harrison’s army, and in the country over toward Fort Wayne. 1 trusted officer who gallantly performed the important duties assigned him. When the road had been once more opened to the Maumee Rapids, t Ala.). Adams was assigned the duty of keeping clear of Indians the countr; around Fort Greenville and up to St. Mary’s. At the close of the war he was in command of Fort Greenville, and wa not relieved until after the Indians had quieted. It was while scouting in that vicinity at that time that he selected th; land on Greenville Creek. He entered the land, about a section, in 1815, an during that winter or early in the spring of 1816, he moved out with his famil) and that year built a grist-mill, a small water-power mill from which k HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 359 v urned out coarse corn meal, and flour that customers had to bolt by hand, ■’bat was the pioneer mill of Darke County, and for a long time had trade from 11 the settlements around. Maj. Adams was a genial, fun-loving man, widely known, respected and -opular. His neighbors were people, who, like him, had come West in search f homes, participated in the Indian wars, and upon peace being declared in 814, had settled down in their backwoods homes, a neighborhood of congen- al spirits, the little settlement taking the name of “ Adams’ Mill” — a popu- lar place for old time gatherings, shooting matches, horse-races and like sports. There are yet many people living in Montgomery and Darke Counties who ave pleasant recollections of association with the battle-scarred old pioneer amor. His land was five miles east of Greenville in Section 33, Adams ,’ownship, named in honor of the gallant old Major. That country was new nd sparsely settled. Small parties of Indians were constantly passing long the trails that led to their villages, or to the forts at New Lexington, Fort hack (New Madison), the stockade near Covington, and to the fort at Upper fiqua. For the wounds received in 1790, and for disabilities incurred in the war i 1812 ; he, for a number of years, drew pension from the Government. He was elected Associate Judge Common Pleas Court of Darke County, by |he Legislature at the session of 1829-30. and he held that position until his lleath in 1832. Maj. George Adams died at his home five miles east of Green - ille, November 20, 1832. His wife Elizabeth died in the same house February 2, 1847. They are buried in the Martin Cemetery, three miles east of Greenville. DK. JOHN HOLE. Closely following the Dayton Colony up the Miami, in the spring of 796, were parties of settlers who located at favorable points along the east tank of the river, between Hamilton and Dayton. Squatters took possession of he rich bottom opposite the mouth of Bear Creek. Maj. Adams selected his land it the mouth of Silver Creek (Hole’s); Col. Jerome Holt took land that is now n Van Buren Township, while others ventured farther up Silver Creek Hole’s), on lands now in Washington Township. Dr. John Hole purchased 1,440 acres of land in Township 2, Range ;>, and in the spring of the next year moved up from Cincinnati with his ’arnily. His father, Zachariah Hole, married Phoebe Clark, in Virginia, about the rear 1750. Their second child, John Hole, was born there in 1754. The son was raised on the farm, but received a good education, and, when quite young, {studied medicine and surgery under the instruction of Dr. Fullerton. In Virginia, the militia were organized for defense of the colony, under he resolutions offered by Patrick Henry, in the Provincial Convention that as- sembled at Richmond. March 20. 1775. So that in the uprising of the people throughout the colonies, after the battle at Lexington and Concord, Virgin- ians promptly responded to the call for troops to resist the threatened advance ,jf the British from Boston. Dr. John Hole marched, with a battalion of Virginia militia, and shortly after their arrival at the American camp, then encircling Boston, he was com- missioned Assistant Surgeon in the Continental army, and continued in active 'service through the Revolution. He was in the battle at Bunker Hill, and when the army was re-organized, with Gen. Washington as Commander-in-Chief. he was assigned to the medi- ! 360 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. cal stall’, in the division of gallant Brig. Gen. Richard Montgomery, in whose honor Montgomery County is named ; and it is very probable tliat il was at the suggestion of Dr. Hole that the county was so named. During the assault upon Quebec, before daylight, on the morning of Be cember 31, 1775, Dr. Hole, with other Surgeons of the American Army, estab lished the lield hospital near the walls of the fort, and it was there that Gen. Montgomery’s body was brought immediately after he was shot through the heart. The General was leading and cheering his men when he received j! his death shot. The army retreated a short distance down the river and went into cam}) jj for the winter, but were forced to retreat in May following. August 4, 1778, Dr. Hole married Miss Massie Ludlow, of New Jersey, and before the close of the war three children were born to them. In 1787, they moved to Virginia, but after a short absence, returned to jj New Jersey, where they remained until early in 1796, when they came West. I traveling in a large covered wagon, arriving in Cincinnati early in April, where |i the family stayed until the next spring. Leaving his family comfortably fixed in Cincinnati, Dr. Hole came up the Miami, and after visiting the several little settlements around Dayton, de- termined to locate on Silver Creek, and bought the land previously described paying for it in military land bounty warrants granted to him as an officer in the Revolutionary army. He built his cabin close to the creek, on the spot where David Gepkart’s new two-story frame house now stands, a short distance below E. Bellaman’sj mill. It was a round-log cabin, puncheon floor, cat and clay chimney. He cleared and grubbed several acres of land, chinked and daubed his cabin, and during the following winter made frequent trips to Cincinnati, and moved |! out with his family early in 1797. The family then were, himself and wife, his son, Jeremiah, eighteen j years old; Elizabeth, eleven years old; Jane, nine; David, six; Nancy, one. Benches and bunks had been put up by the Doctor, other cabin furniture and j cooking utensils were brought along, so that, comparatively, the family were comfortably provided for. With their own rifles, the Doctor and his son, Jeremiah, kept the table! well supplied with game, and the two older daughters could help very muchj| in the corn and truck patches, and in burning brush and tending the burning] log-heaps. . A narrow, winding path led down the creek to the road that ran along the ! river. The Doctor met with no serious obstacles in establishing his family inj their new home, although, with all other settlers, they suffered very much from fever and ague. He was the only physician in that part of the valley,] and, for many years, was in active practice in the cabins for ten or twelve miles around, riding night and day, often, from the necessities of the situa-j tion, having to bivouac for the night in thickets through which the bridle- paths led. Money being so scarce and of such little use on the frontier, his bills were settled at the convenience of his patrons, by the delivery to him of prod- uce or cattle. For a year’s attendance as family physician, a two-year old heifer, or six Barbary sheep, a mare with foal, 200 bushels of coro, etc. Due- bills would be given, such as these: “For medical service, I owe Dr. John Hole one pair leather shoes for a boy child. Benjamin Robbins.” (Signed) HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 361 “Due to Dv. J. 'Holes, fifty pounds of salt. (Signed) Benjamin Aechee. ” “November 1, 1801. I agree to deliver to Dr. J. Hole a winter’s smoking f tobacco, or five venison hams. (Signed) Gr. Adams. ” In 1799, Dr. Hole built a hewed-log mansion on the hill, a short distance .orthwest of his cabin, where his daughters, Matilda and Phebe, who are yet iving, were born. From his comfortable circumstances and well known hos- dtality, his cabin was a great stopping place for travelers and new-comers, and Iso had many visits from roving Indian parties. One day while the Doctor and his son were in the clearing, three Indians ame to the cabin and asked for dinner, which Mrs. Hole at once began to pre- >are. Being somewhat uneasy, however, she got one of the Indians to blow he conch shell, as a signal to her husband, who, with his son, hastened with [heir rifles to the cabin, but the Indians were peaceable, and after their ueal, went to the woods and killed a buck, taking to the cabin the hind quar- ers, in return for the good treatment they had received. The stream upon which the Doctor had located had been known to sur- eyors and explorers, as Silver Creek, but from his prominence as a physician, ,nd the fact of his being one of the largest resident land- holders of the coun- y, as a matter of convenience in giving direction, it soon got to be known as ;Iole’s Creek, and for more than eighty years has held that name in honor of liinr as one of the first and most prominent of Montgomery County pioneers. Doctor and Mrs. Hole, and their children, were members of the early Bap- ist Church at Centerville. He was the first person baptized in Hole’s Creek; ]?as an active, influential member of the church, and lived a consistent Chris- ian life. Of the eleven children born to them. Maiy, William and Polly Ludlow lied in infancy. Jeremiah, born in New Jersey, June 10 ; 1779, died in Washington Town- hip, this county, July 9, 1811. Elizabeth, born in New J ersey, November 27, 1786, married William Dodds; lied in September, 1852. Jane, born in New Jersey, October 5, 1788, married the Kev. Jacob Vlulford, a pioneer Baptist preacher of this valley, died August 3, 1866. David, born in New Jersey, August 7, 1791; married Margaret McClucas; lied January 16, 1829. Nancy, born in Cincinnati, May 20, 1796; remained single; died January 17, 1840. John Ludlow, born in, the little cabin on Hole’s Creek, June 3, 1798; mar- led Susan Hatfield; died June 3, 1849. Matilda, born in the hewed-log “ mansion house,” on Hole’s Creek, De- cember 4, 1799; married Elisha Hopkins December 25, 1823. Her husband lied August 23, 1849. They had no children. Mrs. Hopkins, now nearly eighty- three years old, is living on part of her father’s estate, near Hole’s Creek m Washington Township, and is probably the oldest native of the county. Phebe, born in the cabin home on Hole's Creek, March 11, 1802, was never married, and is yet living od her own property, near where her father’s first ‘cabin was built, on part of the land that he entered in 1796. From exposure, incident to his service in the Revolutionary army, the toil and anxieties of backwoods life, long rides and character of his experience in the practice of medicine through the scattered cabin settlements in all kinds of weather, Dr. Hole’s health began to fail, so that at the outbreak of the war, in 1812, he was obliged to decline the position tendered him, in the medical staff 362 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. of the army. He died January 6, 1813. His wife died July 25, 1842. They, with live children, are buried in the old cemetery, one-half mile north of Cen terville. ZACHARIAH HOLE. Father of Dr. John Hole, lived in the colony of Virginia, where about the year 1750, he married Phebe Clark. Their eight children were born in Virginia. Their son, Zachariah. married Hannah Delay; Daniel married Polly Beedle a sketch of the life of Dr. John Hole has already been given; William Hole mar ried Ruth Crane; Polly married David Yazell; Sarah married a Mr. Eaton Phebe also married a Mr. Eaton; Betsy married John Craig. A year after his son, John, moved to the West, Zachariah Hole, with his wife and three sons, Zachariah, Jr., William and Daniel, and two daughters, Polly and Betsy, came to the Miami Valley. The father and his three sons bought land on the east bank of the river, opposite the mouth of Bear Creek, which they afterward entered at the land office in Cincinnati, paying $2 an acre for it. At the time of the threatened Indian outbreak, in the summer of 1799, a block-house and stockade were built upon Zachariah Hole’s land, near the river, and the settlers were organized for defense, with Maj. Adams in command. Although there were several cabins between that and Dayton, none could be seen from the narrow road through the woods. The block-house and stockade were known as Hole’s Station, and after- ward became quite a busy little point, where new comers would halt while prospecting for lands west of the river. Hole’s- Station became Miamisburg, and the town was platted in 1818. Mr. Hole and his wife died, and were buried in the vicinity of the town. AARON NUTT. Who came to this county from Kentucky, was a soldier of the Revolution. After that war he came west with his little family, seeking a home and land that were due him under the bounty laws of the Government. His parents, Levi and Ann, lived in Monmouth County N. J., where, July 17, 1758, their son Aaron was born. The father died when his boy was but two years old, who, when he became old enough, was apprenticed by his mother to a tailor. During his last year of apprenticeship, the war of the Rev olution being then in progress, his boss was pressed into the army, but in duced Aaron to go in his stead by giving him the rest of his time, and setting him free. Inspired with the patriotism of the times, and although not yet twenty years of age, he gladly accepted the opportunity of entering the country’s service, and at once enlisted. After the expiration of his term of enlistment, he, on the 4th of May 1779. married Mary, daughter of Joseph and Sarah Archer, born November 28, 1758. About the close of the war, when so many soldiers were attracted by the glowing accounts of the rich lands west of the mountains, Aaron Nutt moved with lii‘ family as far west as Redstone Old Fort, Pennsylvania, where they lived for a time, and when by reason of the aggressive movements against the Indians in the Northwest, it became safe, he moved to Central Kentucky, where near out of the block-houses on the “ Dry Ridge,’’ the divide between the Kentucky and Licking Rivers, he kept tavern for several years. With the opening of traflk along the Ohio River, and the tide of emigration setting in so strongly to the lands northwest of the Ohio, his business was greatly reduced. He determined! to again change location. After a visit to the Miami Valley, he, in 1796, came with a party of sur- HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 368 jyors from Cincinnati as far as where Centerville now is, and selected 320 acres l land, the east half of Section 25, Town 3, Range 6, between the Miami Rivers, ,'is brother-in-law Benjamin Robbins taking the west half. These two tracts e separated by the Dayton & Lebanon pike; the north half of the town of Cen- ■rville was platted upon parts of them. Joseph Nutt, son of Aaron, owns and ves upon pai’t of the land entered by his father nearly one hundred years ago. In the spring of 1798, Mr. Nutt moved up with his family from Kentucky, topping at his brother-in-law’s (Robbins) cabin, he having moved up the year revious. Robbins wanted Nutt to unload his plunder and live with him until is cabin was built, but Nutt declined, saying, “No, I will unload my stuff into iiy own cabin.” He went nine miles over to Franklin, the little settlement on the Miami at ie mouth of Clear Creek, for help at the “raising,” which, with the aid of six allons of whisky, was done in a day, and the family occupied the cabin at night- ie afterward put up a tavern, sign of the “ buck horns,” of jwhich he was mdlord for many years. The Indian alarm in 1799 was an emergency that the settlers knew well ow to meet; stockades were to be put up in all the neighborhoods large enough i which to quarter all of the families and strong enough to protect against kvage attack. The horrors of Indian warfare were known too well to all. The settlers down in Mr. Nutt’s neighborhood rallied at once and built a ,;rong block-house, with stockade to inclose a spring on Peter Sunderland’s jmd the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 26, east of and ear to the road, and about a mile north of Centerville. Arrangements were omplete for the dozen or more families down there to assemble, but scouts from ae more exposed settlements reported that the Indians were not preparing for rar against the whites; and it is probable that the block -house was not occu- ied. The Government had been lenient with the settlers in collection of money or land, but the time coming for settlement, Mr. Nutt went to Kentucky, hop- agto collect what had long been due him there; failing to get it he determined p make a trip with produce to the New Orleans market. He, with others, built two flat-boats at Cincinnati, and. loading with prses, pork and poultry, started in December, 1810, upon a trading and coasting rip down the river, and sold out at New Orleans. Mr. Nutt within a few days fought a cargo of produce and shipped it around by sea to Baltimore, making . good profit on the venture. With part of his money he bought in Baltimore a horse and cart which |ie loaded with dry goods and brought overland to his home, arriving at Cen- terville after an absence of five months ; in his own language, “ as fat as a iouse pig,” and besides his stock of goods, with money enough to pay his lebts. With this stock of goods lie opened the first store in Centerville. His license to sell the goods, dated May 20, 1811, was signed by Benjamin Yan Ileve, Clerk, M. C. The children of Aaron and Mary Nutt w T ere born before the family moved rom Kentucky — Levi, February 5, 1780 ; Sarah, July 7, 1781 ; Mary, April 28, 1783 ;^Aaron, May 31 1787; Abigail, September 24, 1790; Ann, October 24, 1792 ; Bathsheba, February 2, 1795 ; Moriah, August 22, 1797. Mary his wife died at their home in Centerville September 22, 1817. January 11, 1818, Aaron Nutt married Widow Martha Craig, daughter of [saac and Hannah Pedrick, born in Salem County, N. J., and came West with her parents to Warren County, Ohio, in 1805 or 1806. 364 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Their son Joseph Nutt was born at Centerville December 11, 1818 ; John was born March 3, 1823. Aaron Nutt died June 2, 1842 ; Martha, his widow, died March 20, 1850, aged nearly seventy-six years ; they, with his first wife Mary, are buried in the old cemetery a half mile north of Centerville. DANIEL HOOVER. Daniel Hoover, Sr., and Hannah Mast were married on a farm situated upon the banks of the Uharri River, in Randolph County, N. C., and came to this county with the colony of first settlers of Randolph Township. Some of the men had made a trip north, seeking land, and finding at Gin cinnati that the land office was not yet open, and that the splendid lands west of the Miami River were yet open for entry, they came up to the Dayton set- tlement. and being satisfied with the outlook, returned to their people in North Carolina. In organizing the colony, it was decided that the roads were too rougt and the distance too great to haul furniture; therefore the wagons were loaded with provisions, clothing, cooking utensils, and a few farming implements, leaving room for the women and children to ride. It was a long, lonely journey over the mountains, across the rivers, and ’hrongh the hundreds of miles of dense, unbroken forest, yet it was an old roac easily followed, although entirely unimproved. The colony started in 1801, and did not sleep under a roof until theii arrival at a point ten miles south of Dayton, near where Ridgeville, Warrei County, now is, where they stopped for the winter. The important thing then was the selection of land, and to get a tract upoi which the families could locate, neighboring. An exploring party madi| several trips up the Southwest Branch (Stillwater), and finally were agreed ti locate on the west bank of that river, ten or twelve miles from Dayton, Mi Hoover taking the southeast quarter of Section 10. Cabin sites were selected! roads were marked out, and in some cases were at least partially opened to th ! Indian trail leading to Dayton. Capt. Mast and Daniel Hoover made the lam entries at the Cincinnati office. In March, all being ready, the colony lef their winter quarters, and passing through Dayton, where they crossed tli Miami, arrived upon their lands March 20, 1802. ji Three-faced cabins of saplings were put up as temporary shelter for th families, while the men were clearing up patches to plant what corn and pot; toes they had left. There was big work to be done, hills and valleys wer heavily timbered, slow, hard work was before the men in the clearings, an there was no place for drones in that colony. Fortunately for them, it was a early spring, and a long, dry season, and what planting they did do, turne' out well. It was the frontier settlement and it took brave men to stay there. Theii was not a white man’s cabin beyond them. Indian war parties and tradinjl parties were constantly passing along the trails, and hunting parties wei roaming the woods. Fleets of their canoes were upon the rivers. In fact, tb country was yet in control of the savages, and the Hoover settlement was tb advance post of civilization. Mrs. Mary Sheets, who is living in Randolph Township, daughter of Daub and Hannah Hoover, remembers that one day while they were yet living in tl huts, she and her younger sister being alone, an Indian made his appearanc frightening them very much, but soon went away. The road cut through by a division of Wayne’s army, east from Fort S Clair, along what has since been known as the “Sled Road,” to Salem Creel Charles Burroughs DAYTON . HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 367 * ;,ar Salem, thence north to Fort Greenville, was at that time used exclusively the Indians; and at all times, except winter, camping parties were located ; the line springs along Stillwater, Greenville Creek, and at some of the Salem eek springs. These were favorite hunting and fishing grounds, not given 1,1 bv the savages until after 1811. All kinds of game were to be had in great plenty in the woods, but after te Hoover Mill was built (the pioneer mill, built in 1803), the Indians 'ouo-ht in to trade for corn meal more venison, bear meat and wild turkeys, O * an the family could use. Block-houses were necessarily built in all neighborhoods north of Dayton, : d those west of Stillwater were used every year until 1815. At times of slecial alarm, the families remained in the block-houses, and all cattle and ockwere corraled. The years 1806, 1809 and 1812 were specially trying nes, and were about the only times that it was deemed too dangerous for the ©n although strongly guarded to work in the fields. The Indian outrages over on Greenville Creek in 1812 of course spread irror through the frontier. Settlers from all that section tied to the stronger he of block- houses from New Lexington across to the Miami. The men were guard night and day, and although the savages did not molest neighbor - ■ods in this county, great excitement prevailed until Fort Greenville was rri soned by militia. Daniel, son of Daniel and Hannah Hoover, was born in 1802, after the rival of the colony, and was the first white child born in Kandolph Town ip. He owns, and is living upon, part of the farm that his father settled ruary 25, 1861. Of the children of Mr. and Mrs. Crane, Ann Elliott. Eliza Hunt, Joseph rce and Eliza King, died in infancy, and Joseph Steele died at the age of ' . T en. C h 1 Their daughter. Maria, was born April 24, 1812, married Dr. Joshua meats, November 20, 1834, died October 25, 1841. William Elliott, born February 7, 1814, was given a fine education, stud- law. and shortly after being admitted to the bar, died in Dayton, June 9, John Wilber, born August 26, 1819, died January 22, 1839. Henrietta Peirce, born August 27, 1823, died November 17, 1846. Joseph G. , born October 17, 1825, married Sarah Schenck, April 24, i'T an< t while on duty as military Mayor of Jackson. Miss., under the 370 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. reconstruction acts of Congress, at the close of the rebellion, was brutall murdered, June 8, 1869, by rebel Col. Yerger. Julia Ann, born August 2, 1832, died February 25, 1861. Joshua Clements, born July 7, 1836, died November 29, 1859. By the first political convention held in Montgomery County (Septembe 6, 1809), Joseph H. Crane, of Montgomery, and David Purviance, of Prebit were nominated by the Republicans, and in October were elected to the Eifiit General Assembly of Ohio, convened at Chillicothe the first Monday in D( cember, 1809. Immediately upon receipt of the news of Hull’s surrender at Detroit, i August, 1812, Captain Steele's Company was organized in Dayton, in wide Mr. Crane enlisted and marched with it the next day to the front. At St. M; ry’s, he was promoted to Sergeant Major of the post, and continued on Jut until the latter part of December. In 1813, Mr. Crane was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for the Firs District Circuit Court, which position he held until his appointment as Pn ■siding Judge by the Legislature, in 1817. He was again Prosecuting Attorney for the county in the years 1838 at 1839. As Presiding Judge of the First Circuit, which included the counties < Montgomery, Preble, Darke, Miami, Clark, Logan, Champaign, Shelby ar Mercer, he served until the winter of 1828-29. In the fall of 1828, he was elected as Representative of the Third I)i trict to the Twenty-first Congress, and was re-elected to the Twenty-secon Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses, serving, in all, from the yei 1829 to 1837 inclusive. Upon leaving the bench in 1829, he, on February 9, of that year, opened' law office in Dayton, and, from his prominence and general acquamtan through this and adjoining countie , acquired a large practice. In later years, he was a leader in the old Whig party, and from his em nence as lawyer and Judge, and from long and distinguished public service was a man of great influence and retained universal respect until his death. COL. BOBEET PATTEESON. Robert Patterson was born near the Big Cove Mountain, Bedford Couut Penn., 9 A. M. , March 15, 1753. His father was a native of Ireland. Elizabeth Lindsay, daughter of William Lindsay, was born on her fache farm, one and one-half miles southeast of Falling Spring, and four miles sout east of Chambersburg, Franklin County, Penn. , in September or Novemh 1760. Her father and her grandfather Lindsay, both died on the farm Franklin County, Penn. Robert Patterson and Elizabeth Lindsay, were married at the Linda farm, in Pennsylvania, March 29, 1780. In 1774, he served for six months in a company of Rangers, against tj Indians on the Pennsylvania frontier. When he was twenty-two years old, the spring of 1775, he, with two three other young men of the neighborhood, started west to Fort Pitt, win hearing the glowing descriptions of the “ cane lands ” of Kain-tuck-ee, tl determined to join the first party going that way. The opportunity did not cur until in October of that year, when John McClelland and his family, iRcjj ert Patterson. William McConnell, Francis McConnell, Sr., Francis McConne Jr., David Perry, Stephen Lowry, and one other man, whose name cannot now given, started in boats from Fort Pitt with some supplies, implements, ail -and ammunition, nine horses and fourteen head of cattle. The party in tW HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 871 t,; ions trip down the Ohio, fortunately escaped any molestation by the Indians. A Salt Creek, they landed, and from there Patterson, William McConnell, Ifvvry and Perry drove the horses and cattle across the country to some point ee'd upon to meet the rest of the party, either on the Licking River or Ken- ttjky River. There is no positive information to aid in locating that point. Five or six miles inland from the mouth of Limestone Creek, the Patter - i party found Simon Kenton and Thomas Williams, who had come down the rjar early in the year, and in May had cleared the cane from an acre of land, a i planted what corn they had with them. Here, tending the little corn patch h their tomahawks, they remained undisturbed until “ roasting ears’’ came, al the corn ripened. Kenton and Williams stated that they knew of no oth - white men any where in the Kentucky lands. Robert Patterson and his party continued on the trail that led out by Mays- ii to the Blue Licks and on to the point where they met the rest of their •ty, who with McClelland had kept on down the Ohio in boats. The party i hey left Fort Pitt, were thus re-united, and proceeded to the Royal Spring, i } of the finest springs in all that region, flowing from a bluff bank of lime- sine, where the town of Georgetown, Scott County, was afterwards located. They at once built a cabin for McClelland, and the whole party occupied until April, 1777. That month, the young men of the party built a hut near a big spring, at a pmt now included within the limits of the city of Lexington, Ky. ; they ared up sufficient land in which to plant all the corn they had, cultivated it al stayed there in camp until the corn was “ laid by.” It was probably at thtcamp, of which Bancroft writes of the discussion that occurred at the camp i ■ of a party of hunters, who named their camp, “ Lexington. ” in honor of tl> battle of Lexington, Mass. For the next year, while Robert Patterson lay suffering from his wounds, r Pennsylvania, he directed his half brother, William Patterson, to that hut v ich he had helped to build, and to the blazed trees that marked the tract of d that he (Robert) was to enter for his own. During the summer of 1776, the settlers north of the Kentucky River, tilt a fort at the Royal Spring, giving it the name of McClelland’s Station. I tterson, and the rest of the party at the Lexington Spring, came up to assist i building the fort, that was intended as a rallying point in case of Indian rm. A military battalion was also organized, and the supply of powder 1 ing nearly exhausted, Robert Patterson, David Perry, Edward Mitchell, mes Templeton, Isaac Greer, James Wernock and John McNutt, started, in tfcober, to Fort Pitt, for ammunition and other necessaries. On their way, t >y halted several days at the Blue Licks to hunt buffalo and deer, to supply tmselves with “jerk” for the journey up the river. From Limestone, their t p up the Ohio was made in a canoe; the danger from Indians compelled Oat caution; sometimes, starting before day, they journeyed on until after crk, and bivouacked for the night without fire: other days, they would land an 1 ur before sunset for supper, then go on until dark. They safely reached the Virginia fort, at the mouth of the Great Ka- iwha, then in command of Capt. Arbuckle; and with but little delay, pro- dded on up the river. The night of October 12, in bivouac on the Indian shore, two miles be- jv the Hockhocking River ; contrary to their custom, they had built a fire, : d in the night were attacked by a party of eleven Indians. The savages 1 3( 1 a volley at the sleeping whites, and rushed upon them with tomahawks. iNutt was killed and scalped, Wernock was wounded badly and died the next ';y ; Templeton and Perrv were both wounded badly : Greer was taken «>ris- 372 HISTORY OB' MONTGOMERY COUNTY. oner, and Mitchell was unhurt. Patterson, with his rifle in his ricdit hand was sleeping by the tire, and, waking at the moment of the attack, he saw tk flash of the guns and felt the bullets crush his arm; in attempting to get uj he found that he could not move his right arm, and, as he leaned over to mak the second effort to raise up, an Indian sprang across the Are and struck hii with a tomahawk, cutting between the ribs, near the spinal column, below tk kidneys, and penetrating the abdominal cavity. Patterson ran from the tin light into the flushes, not knowing but that he was the only one to escape wit life. He had been struck by two bullets, by which his right arm was broke above the elbow, and as he ran, the wounded arm was caught between a tre and sapling ; he quickly freed himself and slung the arm into the straps ( his bullet pouch and went to the river, hoping to get the canoe and escape t Point Pleasant: but finding that the Indians were there ahead of him, he hi! in the bushes until the savages got into the captured boat and paddled dow stream. Then bleeding and in distress he went back to the fir^ to learn tk fate of his comrades The five survivors, Patterson, Mitchell, Perry, Templi ton and Wernock, were soon together; one rifle and some ammunition ha been saved. At daylight, they concluded to travel up the river by slo marches ; some provisions were gathered and divided, the wounds were dress* as well as possible; splinters were taken from a tree that had been struck l lightning, and bound around Patterson’s arm. Wernock attempted to get up, but fell back and refused to try agaii said that he must die, and desired the party to go without him. They trio to carry him, but he again fell, and at his request, the old camp kettle wi filled with water and placed at his side; he said that was the last request! had to make, and urged the others to try to save themselves, assuring the j, that if he lived, he would cast no reflection upon them for unkindness, ai thus the party were forced to leave him. After going a quarter of a mile they were unable to proceed farther, ai it was then agreed that Mitchell should remain with the wounded, while rerjj| should take the rifle and endeavor to reach the settlements up the river, ai bring relief ; but in any event to return with or without assistance. Pen first went back to poor Wernock, who was still alive and sensible of his hop less condition, replenished his kettle, brought tire to the other party, ai started for the settlements. Fortunately for the wounded men, they were near a small stream fro which they could get water, in an old woolen hat. In the evening Mitch* went back to see Wernock and reached him just as he was dying, and stay* with him until dark, and lost his way in attempting to return to the oth camp. Patterson and Templeton not knowing what had become of Mitchell, hi a sad night of it, but at day light the next morning he found them, aud durii the day moved camp 200 yards up a deep ravine and further from the rive j Pattei’son could not move about, but was compelled to lie upon his left sid and in the rain, until the next day Mitchell found that close by there was! rock projecting from a cliff, that would protect them from the storm, to whir place he moved them, then gathered papaws and grapes, which was all tk had to eat. They knew from the howling of the wolves in the direction of jfl fatal camp that they were feasting upon the bodies of their late comrades McNutt and Wernock. The third day after the attack, Patterson’s arm became very painfui, tl splints and his shirt were cemented together with blood, and stuck so tight his arm that they were several hours in loosening it with applications of war water ; his arm was then dressed with oak leaves and was much more comfoi|| able ; but little could be done for the terrible tomahawk wound in his side. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 373 Time dragged slowly for the hungry suffering men, and when the four ys had passed that Perry had allowed himself, they talked over the dangers which he was exposed, the distance he had to go, and the improbability of his ; um, but concluded to wait for him until the 20th and then if relief did not cm, they would attempt to reach the fort at the mouth of the Kanawha ; ,out noon of the 20th, Mitchell gave them a lot of papaws and went back to H station at the river to watch for boats, and in an hour he returned with a npany of men. The brave true friend Perry had returned with Capt. John Walls, his leers and nearly a company of troops from the fort at Grave Creek. The wounded men were taken to the river, supplied with food, and their unds properly di’essed. The Captain had the bones of McNutt and Wernock ried, then the whole party went in the boats up the river to GraveCreek. For nearly a year, Patterson was unable to do anything, and laid all that ne under the surgeon’s care. In September, 1777, having recovered his health in Pennsylvania, he mldered his rifle and returned to Kentucky. The next year, he was with Col. George Rogers Clark in the Illinois cam- ign. Returning to Kentucky, in September he was enrolled in the militia at ] irrodsburg, and during the winter was made Ensign of his company. In March, 1779, he was ordered with twenty-five of his men to establish a rrison north of the Kentucky River. April 1, Ensign Patterson with his ■ enty-five brave comrades, were in bivouac near the big spring, the beautiful Jpation, that, three years before, he and those with him had named Lexington, iiril 2, work upon the block-house began, and soon afterward the stockade us extended to inclose the spring. And thus, with one half of his command guard, the others cutting out the logs, was the first settlement at Lexington, If., made, near what is now the corner of Main and Mill streets. Robert Patterson afterward entered the land and laid out the city of Lex- gton. A crop of corn was raised by the garrison that first year, but the settle- ment did not increase in numbers until the following year. In July, 1779, with his detachment, he joined his company, Levi Todd, iptain, that formed part of Bowman’s expedition against the Shawnee town Old Chillicothe. Immigrants were coming to Kentucky in large numbers, and upon the re- in of the expedition from north of the Ohio, the block-house at Lexington as strengthened, and a few of the bolder of the new-comers built cabins ad- ing its protecting walls. The fort, which had by this time become a place of some importance, had ■sumed the shape of a parallelogram, two sides of which were formed by the posed walls of two rows of cabins, the extreme ends of the fort being defend- l by stockades of sharpened posts fixed securely in the ground, and furnished ith ports. The pickets and walls were about ten feet high. Another row of cabins stood in the center of the inclosed place, which was -rge enough to shelter, not only the settlers and new comers, but also all the Ye stock which might, at any time, have to be driven in from the reach of leir destroying foe. The fort had but one gate, a large slab one. Thus was the permanent settlement at Lexington effected, in the midst of jie thrilling events of border warfare. It was the outpost of pioneer settle- lents, guarded by a band of the bravest of Indian fighters, who with their flint- >ck rifles, drove back the savages and their allies. Ensign Patterson was the commander and leading spirit of the station ; he ! ■ 374 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. headed the desperate forays of its little garrison, and was ever their trustee leader. He with his comrades were men born for pioneer times and emergencies I Having selected and carefully marked his land, and made entry under tin Virginia law, with full and accurate description, late in 1779 he built a cabir for himself within the stockade ; and before the close of that cold winter h( went to Franklin County, Penn., and on the 29th of March. 1780, married Elizabeth Lindsay at her father’s house, and shortly afterward started for their Kentucky home, where they arrived safely. In August of that year, he served as Captain in the expedition organize by Col. Clark against the Indian towns. Old Chillicothe on the Little Miami, and Old Piqua on Mad River. April 7, 1781, upon the recommendation of the court of the county of Faj ette, he was commissioned Captain of Virginia volunteers, by Thomas Jeffer son. Governor of Virginia. August 19, 1782, he, with his company, was ii the disastrous battle of Blue Licks. During the retreat, being nearly exhaust ed. and hard pressed by the savages, Aar.on Reynolds overtook him, and, see ing his desperate situation, dismounted and gave him his horse, helped hin into the saddle, and took his own chances on foot. Patterson escaped ; bu Reynolds, after swimming the river, was taken prisoner by three Indians. Veri soon afterward two of them started to capture some other, whites, and Reynold! knocked the other one over with his fist and made good his escape. Capt. Patterson presented him with 200 acres of land in gratitude for hit timely aid and generous service. Joel Collins, a boy v/ho had stayed in the block-house at Lexington whei the men marched to the relief of Bryant Station, in telling of the terrible ex perience they had, said that he should never forget the shouts of joy that wen raised, not only by Capt. Patterson’s young wife, but by all the people of tin station when he entered the gate of the fort the day after the battle of Blue Licks. While they were crowding around him, some of the men observed '“Why, Captain, there are bullet-holes in your hunting-shirt.” 4 ‘ Likely enough,” said he, “ for I have felt a smarting sensation in parts of my body.’ He permitted his clothes to be removed, when two or three black streaks, made by rifle balls, were plainly seen on his side and back. In the fall of 1782, Capt. Patterson was in command of his company if Col. Benjamin Logan’s regiment, in Clark’s expedition against the Indian towns at Piqua, on the Miami, and at the Loramie portage; and on the returr march, camped two or three days at the mouth of Mad River. The next year, he built a log house at the southwest corner of Hill and Lower streets, Lexington, and, with his family, moved into it. The log house was in time succeeded by a substantial stone house, in which the family lived until their removal to Ohio. In 1783, he was elected Justice of the Peace for Fayette County. Ho par- ticipated in the early military conventions of the State. In July, 1785, he was chosen delegate to the convention that met at Danville August 8 and adopted the petition to the Virginia Legislature for the separation of Kentucky and its formation into an independent State of the Union. In September, 1785, Gov. Patrick Henry, “ with the advice of the Council of State, and upon the recommendation of the worshipful court of the county of Fayette,” commissioned Robert Patterson as Colonel in the State Line. In the fall of 1786, with his regiment, he crossed the Ohio at Limestone, and marched, under Col. Benjamin Logan, to the destruction of the Macka- cheek towns on Mad River. November 5, being then in command of the left wing of the attacking force, he became engaged in a hand-to-hand contest with a savage chief; the Indian, in warding off a sword thrust by Col. Patterson. I HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 377 s U ck him with the muzzle of his rifle, breaking two of the bones of his right tad. The result of this expedition was the burning of eight of the Shawnee time and the destruction of great quantities of corn and provisions. Ool. ■ tterson not receiving proper surgical attention, inflammation ensued, and used the old wound in his arm, that he had received ten years before, to break afresh, and it never again healed, but remained open until his death, more 1 in forty years afterward. In January, 1788, Col. Patterson was in Limestone to arrange for a colony locate on the Ohio opposite the mouth of the Licking River. This was in prsuance of the plan adopted in the fall of 1786 to establish a post there as a biie for operations against the Indians in the territory at. the head- waters of t.] Wabash, Maumee and Miami Rivers. Delays occurred, and but very little s accomplished until in August, when Mathias Denman, who had bought the ud on the Ohio, opposite the mouth of the Licking, came West, and, on the : h of the month, at Lexington, entered into an agreement with Col. Patter- Mi and John Filson, by which a settlement was to be effected on the land a >ve described. December 28, the party, after a rough passage from Limestone, landed at high bank opposite the mouth of the Licking, and, with but little delay, ■ ’ ;an work upon their cabins. In 1790, he was a delegate from Fayette County to the Virginia Legisla- te. In 1791, with his regiment, he was in Gen. Richard Butler’s right wing ),3t. Clair’s army, and, although his regiment was not broken by the Indian cl rge, they suffered with the rest of the Kentucky troops in that terrible de- d and retreat. Ia 1792, he was Representative from Fayette County in the first Legisla- la of Kentucky, held in Lexington, the first capital of the State, under the fi t constitution. In 1803, C 1. Patterson came up from Kentucky and bought land and mill perty near Clifton, Greene Co., Ohio; but, visiting Dayton on his way home. 1 preferring this location, he bought the farm south of town and moved here ’ h his family the next year. He named the creek and farm the Rubicon. B afterward bought land west of the river, so that, in all, he had 700 acres, on the Germantown pike south and around to the Miami, across the river. I east to the Waynesville road. In the war of 1812, he was in charge of transportation of supplies from np Meigs, in this county, north to the army. Col. Patterson was a man of medium height and build, a Christian man. Kom all respected and spoke well of. Of an affectionate nature, he was de- ed to the comfort and happiness of his family. For the last few years of * life, he suffered very much from his wounds, and died from the effects of dm, at 5 A. M. , August 5, 1827. He was buried in the old graveyard on th street, in Dayton. His wife died October 22, 1833. and was buried be- 8 3 her husband. Their remains were afterward removed to beautiful Wood- d Cemetery, adjoining his old farm. The family lot is on a knoll, from the of which may be had an extended view for miles up the Stillwater, Miami ■ 1 Mad River Valleyo, and far down the Miami. All of Col. Patterson’s children were born at Lexington. Ky. His first ' were bom and died in the log cabin within the old stockade. They were uaed for Col. Patterson’s half-brother, William Patterson. Rebecca, born February 9, 1784, married Dr John Goodlet before Ool. I Person moved from Kentucky. Mrs. Goodlet died at Elizabethtown, Ky. , J mary 4, 1858. 378 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Margaret, born June 9, 1786, was married three times; first, to Dr. Vena ble, then to the Rev. James Welsh, then to Samuel Caldwell. She died at Muscatine, Iowa, in February, 1861. Elizabeth, born January 27, 1788; married James I. Nisbet, February 20, 1806; died December 25, 1827. Francis, born April 6, 1791, died September 11, 1854. Catherine, born March 7, 1793, was married three times; first, to Heim Brown, then to Andrew Irwin, then to H. Gr. Phillips. She died August 12 1864. Jane, born May 25, 1795, married John Steele; died in 1876. Harriet, born March 25, 1797, married Henry Stoddard December 4, 1821 died October 1, 1822. Robert L. , born May 27, 1799, died August 30, 1833. Jefferson, born May 27, 1801, married Julia Johnston February 26, 1833 died March 23, 1863. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 379 C II APTE 11 XII. Tiilip Gunckel — Henry Brown — Jonathan Harshman— H. G. Phillips. PHILIP GUNCKEL. 1HE colony of Pennsylvania Germans who settled at the forks of the Twin Creeks in this county about the 1st of August, 1804, was probably the first any considerable number of Germans to locate in the Miami Valley. Philip nckel was the most prominent man in the colony, and was their leader. He ,\'s one of the very few of their number who could talk or understand English. He was born in Berks County, Penn., April 7, 1766, grew up to hard work, crned the trade of milling, and, in 1793, married Katarina (Catherine) iSjiaeffer, who was born in Berks County, Penn., July 12, 1766. Mr. Gunckel had saved some money, and in 1796 they moved to Centre Canty, Penn., where he built a grist-mill and became proprietor of the vil- e of Millheim. Their children — John, Michael, Catherine, Philip, Jacob and Sarah — were i n in Pennsylvania; Daniel P. and Elizabeth, were bom at Germantown, ! this county. Catherine married Lewis Shuey; Sarah married Henry Zellers; and Eliz- a)th married Dr. C. G. Espich. All lived in German Township, this county. In 1803, Mr. Gunckel, with two or three others, made a trip West to the Cio, and down the valley in search of land for a colony, but, failing to make purchase, returned to Pennsylvania. During the succeeding winter, twenty-four German families arranged to • id overland in wagons from Berks and Centre Counties, with the understand - ; that all were to meet at Pittsburgh, and from there journey together down 1 1 Ohio. In pursuance of this plan, in several parties, .they made the trip over the uuntains, and at Pittsburgh united, with Philip Gunckel as their leader. The people and plunder, horses, wagons and cattle, were loaded in flat- pits for the trip down the river to Cincinnati, where they arrived safely June - After a delay of several days, they continued their journey up the Mill (jjsek Valley to Hamilton, and on up the Miami to Hole’s Station, near where t|y went into camp, comfortably living in huts and wagons for about two veks, while the men folks were looking around for unoccupied land. Finding desirable .locations along the Miami and up Hole’s Creek and > ar Creek, already occupied, Mr. Gunckel and others crossed over the hill to ! 'in, where, at the forks of the two creeks, they found a few scattered cabins a 1 small clearings, occupied by settlers and squatters. Here were the mill sites that Mr. Gunckel was seeking, and here the rich ' dom lands that the colony could occupy. The new-comers were men of means and nearly all farmers. A dicker 's made with the squatters for their “cabin rights.” The settlers were bought out, enough Government land was taken to give t i colony what land they wanted, and the entries were completed at the land ice in Cincinnati. It was a strong colony of tnrifty people, better equipped with cabin fur- 380 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. niture, cooking utensils and farming implements than frontier settlements or dinarily were. About the 1st of August, 1804, the new settlers occupied the few scattered cabins in the clearings, others were built, and all were made snug for the first winter in the wilderness. Hunting parties were kept out, and among the fam- ilies it was share and share alike with the supplies. The few families who had stopped at Cincinnati and along the wav, with some new-comers, came in that fall and the next year. As soon as the cabins were built, the men were at work in the timber ex tending the clearings. Philip Gunckel, with his family, temporarily occupied one of the squattoi cabins, and, in the winter of 1804-05, built a two- story dwelling on the ■ > ortl side of the creek. It was built of hewn logs, puncheon doors, cat and eiai chimney, clapboard roof and doors. The doors were hung on wooden hinges and had wooden latches. When the buckskin latch strings were pulled in, tin house was locked up. In this building he opened a country store, using th< back part and up-stairs for his dwelling. The colony was prosperous from the lii’st, and Mr. Gunckel was the mos prominent man there. December 29, 1804, he was elected Justice of the Peace for German Town ship, and served in that position for many years. His influence soon extends beyond the limits of the settlement, and he became one of the most prominen men in the county. He was a man of robust, muscular frame, six feet tall affable and gentle in manners, temperate in habits and conscientious in hi dealings with men. He was exemplary in his daily life, and an exceptional! moral man; was never known to use profane language; was even-tempered am of noble bearing. His Christian virtues and high standard of morals gav j character to the colony, and made him the controlling spirit in all matters o common interest. His clear foresight, untiring energy and sound busineel judgment gave him an influence throughout the county second to that of n other man; so that in all matters of public interest and improvement, am county affairs generally, his aid and influence were sought, and he was read and active in all movements for the good and prosperity of the community. Mr. Gunckel was a member of the German Reformed Church; was one o the foremost in effecting its organization at Germantown, and with his farnib was a regular attendant upon all church services, and was leader of tb musical exercises. He was a frequent visitor at the meetings of other deuom inations, contributed liberally to the support of all, and was highly esteems* for such liberal sentiment and bearing, and for his efforts for the promotion c all enterprises of a religious character. In March. 1805, the great floods in the Miami and its tributaries put stop to all farm work, and in some of the patches, corn could not be planfei until late in June. After the waters had subsided, Mr. Gunckel began building his saw-mi and grist-mills, and completed them the year following. Being the only mil; in that neighborhood for several years, they attracted people to the settlemeu and were the source of great profit to him. When, in 1806, there were fears of an Indian outbreak, it was not thougijj necessary to build a block-house at Germantown. The settlements west of tbj Miami were not much exposed to attack, and the block-houses at New Lexm^ 1 ton and in the northern part of this county, and up Mad River at the mouth nday in December of that year. With Gen. E. Hunger, he represented this and Preble Counties in the '/enth General Assembly, convened at Chillicothe December 5, 1808. Business at his store and mills had so rapidly increased, and the demand I property in the neighborhood was so great, that he, in 1813, moved the s re into a larger building, on the property that he the next year divided into s and platted as the town of Germantown. He donated a lot to each church ganization, a burying-ground and school lot, and contributed liberally toward t i erection of the churches. The lots were sold so rapidly that he soon made a additional plat. By act of the General Assembly, February 13, 1816, he was appointed As- - date Judge of the Circuit Court for Montgomery County, and served as such til February, 1831. Soon after his appointment as Judge, while he and a neighbor, Charles Walpers, were hunting in the woods north of Germantown, he was acci- itallv shot by his companion, who fired at some birds rising from the un- dlrbrush, not knowing that Judge Gunckel was in the thicket, and, unfortu- itely, in range. He was severely wounded in the thigh; was carried home c a litter, and was confined to his room for several months, and at several flies it was thought he could not live. The wound was painful for many ars. In 1839, when he was seventy-three years old, he was elected to and served County Representative in the State Constitutional Convention. His wife, Catherine, mother of his eight children, was short in stature, kind and easy manners, quiet and unobtrusive. Their married life and home cle was all happiness; their home and surroundings were congenial; and dge and Mrs. Gunckel contributed largely and cheerfully to the happiness ad comfort of their neighbors. Mrs. Gunckel died at Germantown August 2, 36. His second wife was Mrs. Loehr, of Warren County, widow of Fred- ;ck Loehr, and mother-in law of the Judge’s son, Philip Gunckel, Jr. After ■ few years, she died, and for some years he remained single, then married the ird wife, Widow Elizabeth Wise, mother-in-law of his son, Daniel P. Gunckel. he survived him. All are biuied in the Germantown Cemetery. As the fitting close of a long, active and useful life; in the possession a large estate, that had been accumulated by his own efforts; enjoying the spect of the community in which he lived; with the love and veneration of s children and their families, the patriai’ch, Philip Gunckel, the founder of e colony at Germantown, lived to celebrate the eighty-second anniversary of s birth, and died a month later. May 24, 1848. HENRY BROWN. His ancestors were Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, who emigrated to this untry from the North of Ireland about the year 1740 and settled in “ Bur- in’s Grant.” which included a half-million acres of land on the Shenandoah id James Rivers, in the colony of Virginia. Henry Brown was born near Lexington, Va. , about the year 1770, and /ed there until 1793, at which time he came to the Northwestern Territory 382 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. as Military Secretary for Col. Preston, who was in command of a regiment in Wayne’s army, then organizing at Cincinnati for the advance against the In dian tribes. Mr. Brown was afterward interested with others in forwardin', supplies to the army, and to the garrisons at Forts Hamilton. St. Clair, Green- ville, Jefferson, Recovery. Defiance and Wayne. From the nature of the roads and the difficulties and dangers of the sen ice, all supplies were forwarded by pack-horse trains. This department was in charge of an officer who was designated as “Pack-Horse Master General." The trains were divided into “pack-horse brigades, ” of sixty to seventy -ffr( horses each, with a Captain in charge, and men to load and unload, drive and care for the horses. Armed scouts necessarily accompanied these pack-Lorst brigades as guard against Indian attacks. Mr. Brown was thus employed wifi the army until, in the spring of 1795. he entered into partnership with Join Sutherland, at Hamilton, where, in a double log cabin that stood south pf th< stockade, they opened their first stock of goods. Their business was trading with the Indians. Friendly tribes at that time occupied most of the country west ofWaynei road to the Maumee as hunting-grounds. Their camps were to be found along all of the streams from Fort Hamilton north to the Wabash and Maumee This firm traded goods to the Indians for furs and peltries; and when white set tiers began to locate on lands west <>f the Miami, the Indians gradually with drew to the north, but Sutherland & Brown followed them up with agents, wh(| carried the goods from point to point on pack-horses. In 1799, Mr. Brown took a large stock of goods to Fort Loramie am opened a branch store there, from which he sent traders to the Indian village along the Wabash and Maumee Rivers. In 1804. business had so increased that he changed his branch store to Dayton, and opened at the east side of Main street, south of Water street From here, traders were sent with goods among the settlers west and north j and to the Indian villages at Greenville and beyond to the Mississinawa, am around St. Mary’s and the Auglaize, and down through the Maumee Valley. A trader would start with two, three or more pack-horses loaded witlj goods, and often, in order to dispose of them, took the extraordinary risks in cident to the long, lonely trips through the wilderness to distant villages, am be gone several months, trading for pelts and furs. At their stores in Dayton and Hamilton, the firm exchanged goods fo| whisky, pork, flour and grain, which they shipped by river to the Cincinnat and New Orleans markets. Produce was shipped down the Ohio in pirogues! where the cargoes were transferred to larger flat-boats. When the Miami waj low, cargoes were lightered over the ripples in dug-outs. Sometimes, to go! the dug-outs over, the crew would scrape out channels of sufficient width t<| float the boats; then, having passed the ripple, would reload and float down toj the next, where the same work was performed. A crew was sometimes d< tained at the shallowest ripples for several days, and a week’s time was lost i| getting a fleet across. For two or three years prior to the dissolution of the firm, Messrs. ''Slither land & Brown were largely engaged in the purchase of cattle in the Mian Valley and over in Kentucky. The cattle were driven north to Fort Loramkj across the portage to the Auglaize, down to the Maumee and the rapids, thenc to Detroit, where there was ready sale to the Government, to the Indians aD to farmers. It is hard to realize the difficulties, delays and perplexities in business a that early time. To purchase goods, a merchant would travel on horsebac from Dayton to Philadelphia. As far as the forks of the Muskingum, the roa HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 388 vi but a single bridle-path through the dense forest, and not a single house riettlement on the way. The traveler necessarily packed his provisions for part of his trip, and camped by the way, without shelter and regardless of r ivor able weather. Three months’ time was generally required for the trip, itphase of stock, and getting the goods delivered at Dayton. The goods were ded in wagons over the rough roads from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, a ton r a half being a good load for a five-horse team. From Pittsburgh, the els were shipped by river to Cincinnati, and hauled from there overland to ); ton. When the water was at a favorable stage, shipments could be made q lirogues up the Miami. The first brick residence in Dayton was built by Mr. Brown in 1808, on Lot i< 110, west side of Main street, north of the court house. The hostile intentions of the Indians toward the United States began to clop in 1810, and from the increased danger to traders, Messrs. Sutherland Irown withdrew their agents and dissolved partnership. Mr. Brown re- a ed his goods to the north room of his residence and continued business re. At that time, or possibly the nest year, he was made Government nt in charge of Indian supplies, that were distributed under direction of man Agent Col. John Johnston. February 19, 1811, Henry Brown and Miss Kitty Patterson, daughter of - Kobert Patterson, were married at her father’s house, on the Rubicon an, south of Dayton, the Rev. James Welsh officiating. Catherine Patter 0 was born at Lexington, Ky., March 7, 1793. Their son, R. P. Brown, born December 6, 1811, married Sarah Galloway t|SCenia, Ohio, October 31, 1837; died in Kansas City, Mo. , May 4, 1879 cih Brown was born in Xenia June 10, 1816. Henry L. Brown, born December 3, 1814, married Sarah Belle Browning, Indianapolis, Ind., February 7, 1837; died in Dayton November 25, 1878. 1 wife was born at West Union, Ohio. February 18, 1819; died in Dayton ober 15, 1858. Eliza J. Brown, born in Dayton October 20, 1816, married Charles Ander- 0 September 16, 1835. Col. Anderson wes born at Louisville, Ky., June 1, The business life of Henry Brown was characterized by sound judgment, n|ness and energy: and, having faith in the good judgment shown in the * ction of the site at the mouth of Mad River as the future business center 'lie valley, he invested largely in Dayton property. When prosperity came be little town during the war of 1812, he was one of the most prominent 1 influential men of the community, and was held in the highest esteem b 'Ugh his life. He urged the opening of roads to all neighboring settle - aits, was active in the interest of public improvements and all affairs looking j ae public good. When, in 1813, the increase of business made it desirable h 1 a bank should be established in the town, he aided in the organization of b Dayton Manufacturing Company, and secured for it a considerable loan r a the United States Bank. Mr. Brown was a devoted, loving husband and father, and his happiness * in association with friends and family. Knowing that the home circle was b place for proper training, he and his wife were careful to keep it cheerful ! attractive for their three children. His wife was an amiable, modest woman, yet for nearly fifty years was oang the most active, earnest Christian workers of Dayton. In 1815, she be a sick in bed, a number of ladies met in her room, and. with her help, or- f ized the Female Bible and Charitable Society of Dayton. All through her i she was faithful to the good work thus begun. 384 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. From exposure in the earlier history of the valley, and afterward in ti active management of the business with Mr. Sutherland, then from close a tention to his Dayton store and its extensive trade, his health was broken- much so that, toward the close of the year 1822, he was confined to his be and, after a lingering, painful illness, he died, in the afternoon of May 1 1825, and was buried the next day in the old graveyard on Fifth street Mrs. Brown married Andrew Irwin, by whom she had one son, A. B. Irwi In 1836. she married H. G. Phillips, who died in 1859. She died in Da ton August 12. 1864. JONATHAN HARSHMAN, SR. Jonathan Harshman. son of Christian and Catharine HarshmaE, (Ge mans), was born in Frederick County, Md. , December 21, 1781; came we to Kentucky, but, being dissatisfied with life in a Slave State, mo’vecl Ohio, arriving in Montgomery County in August, 1805. He purchased forty acres of land in the northeast quarter of Section 2i Town 2, Range 7 -land that is now in Mad River Township. At that time; large colony of German people were coming into that neighborhood. Ej change of work was the rule among them. Some were in the clearings, othej got out the logs, while other sets with teams and “ lizzard ” would “snake them in to the builders. The land was heavily timbered and hard to clear u but these people were workers. Hickory, oak, walnut, cherry, poplar, as maple and beech were felled in great double windrows, with the tops inwai which, when dried out, and the wind was favorable, the fires were lighted aj the flames were driven through, from end to end. The cabins, although hast) put up, were occupied for many years; then, when better houses were buij the old cabins were used for loom rooms, tool houses, granaries, pig pei sheep pens, stables and hen houses. Mr. Harshman’s cabin was one of the last put up, and, like the rest, wj built of round logs, clap-board roof, puncheon floor, outside chimney of stic and clay. Late in the fall he hung the door, chinked and daubed the cab] and put in a four-light window. His cabin site was near a spring, on one the branches of McConnell's Creek, and at that spring he put up a copper stj that he had traded for. Lower down on the creek was the little over-shot mi} owned and operated by William Hamer; and around the hill at the spring the big road, was Hamer’s still. On Mad River, a mile north of Harshmai cabin, was the Robinson Mill. A path led from the new settlement across t low, wet land to the mill, but afterward a road was cut around at the foot the hill, west of the creek, to the road that led from Dayton to the settlemeij up Mad River. As was usual with the early settlers, this colony of new-comers were bu through the next winter, in grubbing and clearing patches for spring plantir Mr. Harshman was busy with the rest; for him there was not an idle day, aj when he was not at work on his own place, he was employed for others. Ej expenses were light, for he was alone, and all he made he saved. Jonathan Harshman married Susanah Rench, daughter of John a Elizabeth Rench, at the cabin home of her parents, the present site of Hare mansville, February 18, 1808. Susanah Rench was born in Washington County, Md., November 11, TJ It is not known whether Mr. and Mrs. Harshman made their bridal t) on horseback or by wagon; but the journey was from Rench’ s cabin down t big road to “ Hamer’ s Hill,” and up McConnell’s Creek to Mr. Harshmai cabin, which he had made snug in anticipation of this event. In the pit he had potatoes and turnips, in the attic pumpkins and bea; and a good supply of side meat and jerked venison hung on the rafters abc — -T— r— HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 387 ts fire-place. The fire-place filled one-half the end of the cabin, and was vy wide at the floor, and deep, tapering to the top. The hearth was of fiat s i,ne. laid in creek sand, and formed a considerable part of the cabin for. It took big fires to keep the unplastered cabins warm. First was the big tjk-log, on top of that a smaller log, the back-stick, then two short, green s jks were laid on the hearth endwise against the back- log, serving instead of lirons. On them was laid the fore stick, and on top of all were piled smaller od and chips, and the fire applied. In the corner of the room was a big pe of wood to keep the fire up, and in the woods was plenty ready cut to be i sled in on the sled. He was a forehanded farmer. Year by year he had added a patch to his aring, so that he had then seven or eight acres to plant. He was not in dpt, owned a beast, a cow, some young cattle, pigs and poultry, an iron - 3 ;ared plow, and seven iron teeth that a neighbor had put in a ‘‘ drag,” the t ) to use it in common. Handy to the cabin he had built a pig pen, and mr by an open log stable, and near that was a stack of wild hay that he had c from the swail north of his place. The capacity of his still was twelve or fifteen bushels a day It was set n at the spring in a small log building, the upper half of which was used as a ora crib. Settlers would bring rye and corn to him to have whisk) made the shares. The erection of these little stills throughout the county made a market for t. corn, and hence com was the principal crop grown in the rich bottoms, for n made whisky and whisky could be sold for money. Home trade was first ? iplied, and the balance was usually shipped by river to Cincinnati and New Deans, although at first there was but little more made than would supply t ' neighborhoods. The big woods were full of game that seemed but little disturbed by the - ttered cabins and clearings. Wolves, panthers and bears were a great an- il y’ance for several years. The only ways for communication between the cabins were the paths through : woods; but Mr. Harshman was located near the Creek road, between the ■ arings on the hills and the mills. While Mr. and Mrs. Harshman lived in that cabin their three first chil- m were born. Elizabeth, born November 17, 1809, married Israel Huston; is living in ■' d River Township. Mr. Huston died August 11, 1816. Catherine, bom January 4, 1811, married Valentine Winters January 1, 1 19; died in April, 1882. Jonathan, born February 15, 1812, married Abigail Hivling October 4, 1|16; died December 25, 1876. His wife died June 6, 1879. Rench & Staley failing to make a success in business at the mill over on v,d River, Mr. Harshman took it, and in 1813 or 1814, built a comfortable, tb-story, hewed-log dwelling house, with shingle roof and board floor, and 4ved over. The house was plastered, and had a good cellar. He afterward t It a brick dwelling on the site of the present residence of his son, Mr. George \ Harshman. The mill was but a “corn-cracker,” and the settlers were ex- acted to do their own bolting by hand. So many of these little mills had 1 m put up on streams throughout the county to do neighborhood work, that inch & Staley, finding the business unprofitable, had let the mill run down. ' ion Mr. Harshman got it, there was but one pair of country stones, five feet itdiameter, and the machinery generally was out of gear. He thoroughly (prhauled the mill, and shortly afterward put in two run of raccoon buhrs, and j 388 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. made improvements as he could. His mills were known as the “ Union Mills He paid cash for grain, and that brought him good trade. He opened a store with John Rench as his partner, and traded for a country produce, such as flax seed, sunflower seed, pumpkin seed, mnstaj seed, castor beans, tallow, beeswax, tree sugar, feathers, wool, hops, poi and pelts, which they sold at Cincinnati or shipped to the Mississip River markets. Harshman & Rench afterward moved their store to Dayton. Mary, daughter of Jonathan and Susanah Harshman, was the first of the children born after their removal to thehewed-log house at the mill. She wi born January 17. 181b; married George Gorman October 29. 1833; died Atum 27, 1.834. Joseph Harshman, born October 24, 1820; married Caroline Brotzmai They are living in Harrison Township. George W. Harshman, born February 22, 1822; married Ann Virgin: Rohrer September 5, 1848. His wife died September 6, 1877. Susanah Harshman, born May 22, 1823; married Daniel Beckel Septemb 2, 1845. Mr. Beckel died February 26, 1862. Reuben D. Harshman, born J anuary 16, 1827 ; married Mary Pretsm; January 9, 1851. For this houseful of children, Mrs. Harshman had home provided with g the comforts then attainable. As the children grew older, they could he some little in the house and garden work. The mother made the clothing f the family. Flax was grown in the summer, rotted and scutched in the fall; the through the winter was heard the buzz of the little flax wheel that had so co: spicuous a place in every cabin. It stood in the corner with flax wrappi around the forked stick ready for use, a thread running to the spindle, a goui filled with water hanging conveniently at the bottom of the flax stick, ai whenever good mother Harshman had a little spare time from caring for t children, milking the cows, chiuming, cooking for the hands, doing the hou work, and keeping everything snug, clean and tidy as was possible with houseful of little ones, she would sit down to the wheel and spin thread upi thread to be reeled off on a wooden wheel that counted every yard with a sna and then it was ready for the loom that was built in a small cabin outsic Spinning was the light work to be caught up at spare moments; weavi was work in earnest. Day after day could be heard the pounding of that loom, the Readies we up and down, the shuttles flew swiftly from one hand to the other through t' warp, as yard after yard of linsey-woolsey wound upon the roller. And tb this cloth was to be cut into little and big clothes and be made up with t needle, spring and fall, year after year. Wool went through about the same operation, only it was spun on a lard wheel, colored with butternut bark, then woven on the loom for winter clotkir There was, perhaps, no part of the county where young people liked fix up more than did those about Harshmanville. Tall, slender flax was pull! by the girls and kept to make finery of. The stronger growth did well enou; for clothing for the men, and warp for linsey-woolsey every-day dresses for tjj women; but for Sundays, when everybody went to “meeting,” the girls esp cially wanted something nice, just as girls do now. The fine flax was carefu pulled, rotted, broken, scutched, hackled, spun, then dyed in colors becomii and woven in cross barred figures tastefully arranged, Of such goods the gi: made their Sunday dresses. They knit their own stockings, made their oi sun -bonnets or broad brimmed hats of rye straw. The quaint old Kemp Schoolkouse that had been built in 1815 upon su HISTORY OF 'MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 389 g iptions paid in whisky, flour, hogs, stone, etc., had given place to a better i ildin°\ but the same old, primitive modes of teaching prevailed. About three months in a year was all the schooling that could be afforded, f when the children were old enough to go to school, they were old enough tjdo the chores and work at home; hence, they could not be spared for school. The branches taught in the early schools were spelling, reading, writing all arithmetic; at the time of which we are now writing, grammar and geogra- phy had been adde l. Parents bought whatever book they judged best; that is, Header was a reader, a grammar a grammar, a geography a geography, regard - If of who was the author. This made confusion for the “ master,” but then b was hired to teach out of whatever books parents thought best. Scholars Lganat the beginning of their books every winter, and progressed as far as rjy could in the three months' term; then, after nine months out of school, n ay would have to commence over again. In this way the schools went on v r after year, under different teachers. There were always several spelling esses, and great competition in each as to who “ stood head.” Spelling schools we the grand occasions of the early school days. When the “master” appointed a night fora spelling match, it was under - mod that all bad marks, no matter why scored, were wiped out. and all sins ft pven. All who had been guilty of tricks upon the “ master,” boys engaged a oarring him out, even the big boys who had been surly and growling with tleats of “ licking ” him when the term was out, were glad to know that, a oellin’ had been apinted,” for that settled all differences. A moonlight night was chosen, or some night when the sleighing was good, al the entire neighborhood would turn out. Whole families came in big sills, including the old ladies and gentlemen, babies, children and all. Best spiers from other schools would come to try for the hono"s. The old log schoolhouse would be crowded with people, and the big fire- phe filled with a blazing log fire. Qandles were brought by the scholars. Two captains were selected to choose sides; ‘ ■ spelling down ” was the effort, t 1 ‘ master ” giving out the words. The “sides” stood up, and whenever a word was missed, the speller sat l ai, and the one left standing alone was the victor, and was to be one of the ; tains in the next match. This was the school attended by the Harshman children, Spinnings, 3 ners, Kemps, Butts, Renches, McConnells, Robinsons. Garlouglis, Cot- ffrhams, and others of that neighborhood. Jonathan Harshman was a stanch Federalist, and in later years was u ininent in the Whig party. He was one of the Representatives from this Jonty in the Twenty-fourth General Assembly of Ohio. In 1832, he built a distillery across the race from his house. In 1846, 4 distillery was making fifty barrels of whisky a week, and the mills 400 a: 'els of flour. Eight hundred hogs were fattened per annum. May 1, 1845, Mr. Harshman was elected President of the Dayton Bank, a he held the position until his death, March 31, 1850. He left a large es- ra | in Mad River Township, valuable real estate in Dayton, besides a large ' am; in stocks, bonds, and other personal property. His wife died December 5, 1839. Five of their children — Mrs. Huston. f «eph, George W. , Mrs. Beckel and Reuben D.. are yet living. H. G. PHILLIPS. Capt. Jonathan Phillips, a worthy old Revolutionary officer, father of Ratio Gates Phillips, was born December 16. 1744, at Maidenhead, N. J. . 390 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. a small town on the post-road, half way between Trenton and Princeton The town has since been named Lawrenceville. With the news of the light at Lexington and Concord, a patriotic wav* swept through the colonies, and New Jersey responded to the necessities o the time by a more thorough organization of her militia. Jonathan Phillips recruited a company in the 'vicinity of Maidenhead and was made Captain. In response to a call for troops, in the summer n 1775, his company marched with the New Jersey re.-enforcements to den Washington, in front of Boston. Upon the organization of Schuyler’s expedition against Canada, the cow pany was assigned to Gen. Arnold’s Division. The history of that ill equipped expedition is familiar to all; its successes and reverses, final repuls at Quebec, and retreat down the river to winter quarters, and withdrawal in th spring, leaving the British in undisputed possession of Canada. In Gen. Horatio Gates’ command, C&pt. Phillips and his company wer in the defensive campaign around Lake Champlain, at Crown Point and Ticor deroga. Later in the fall they marched with re-enforcements to Gen. Was! ington, south of the Delaware. Christmas night, Washington recrossed the De aware, captured Trenton, and on the 3d of January had a sharp tight whic 1 resulted in the capture of Princeton, and gave him possession of New Jersey Capt. Phillips, with his company, was in these movements that drove th British from the territory that included his native town and 'county. In Junt he marched with the re-enforcements sent to Schuyler at Fort Edward, on th Hudson, and in Gen. Gates' army was in the battle and victory over Burgoyn at Behmus’ Heights, September 19. The Americans repulsed the tierce an desperate attack of the British October 7, and on the 17th Burgoyne surrender 01 The Captain was in the battle at Monmouth in June, 1778, and for.tl next two years his division was on duty along the Hudson River. He was ; the trial of Maj. Andre, and saw him hanged as a spy October 2, 1780. The troops were in winter quarters at Morristown, N. J. , and in Augu following, marched south under Gen. Washington to Yorktown, and the su render of Cornwallis. The war was virtually over. The army marched back to New Jersey, ai during the following winter many of the regiments were discharged. Capt. Phillips, with the shattered remnant of his company, returned to 1) Rome, after seven years’ service amid the hardships and dangers of militajjj life. He had served through the war; he was a veteran of the Revolution, ai with an honorable discharge, returned to the little farm that he had inhorite near Lawrenceville. j The officers of the army, before final separation, organized a “Society Friends,” under the name of the “ Society of the Cincinnati,” for the perpetu •tion of friendships formed, and memories of the perils they had shared, “to ejj dure as long as they shall endure, or any of their male posterity.” The orga ization was effected at the quarters of Baron Steuben, in New York, and the co stitution of the society was drawn by Gen. Knox. Capt. Jonathan Philli] certificate of membership is held by his descendants as one of the most inte esting and valuable family relics, and as a memento of the service of thej brave old Revolutionary ancestor. In August, 1782, Capt. Phillips married Mary Formen. who was horn or near Lawrenceville, and had lived there all her life. Their only child, Hoi; tio Gates Phillips, named in honor of his father’s old commander, Gen. Gatj was born -December 21, 1783. Mrs. Phillips died in her son’s infancy, and the care of the child devolv on a faithful old servant woman. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 391 December 15, 1788, the Capt. married Elizabeth Smith. Their only child, mrchill Phillips, came to Clark County, Ohio, and died at New Carlisle in 1840. Capt. Jonathan Phillips died June 29, 1801. His wife. Elizabeth, died ebruary 10, 1814. H. G. Phillips came West with a party of friends in 1803. and from Pitts- rgh descended the river to New Orleans, his friends intending to settle > ne where in the South, and did locate at Natchez, Miss. Mr\ Phillips, how- ■ 9 r, yielded to the objections of Miss Houston, to whom he was to be married, ; going so far away from the old home in New Jersey. He therefore came ck as far as Cincinnati, and stopped there to look after a tract of land in imilton County, but now in Butler County, that his father had entered under jk law of Congress granting to officers and m -n of the Revolutionary army tffi a certain amount of land in the Northwestern Territory. At Cincinnati, •. Phillips met many New Jerseyans that he knew. Among them were D. C. Coper and others, who induced him to come up the valley as far as Dayton rd see for himself what business prospects there were. His first trip to Day- i i was probably made in 1804, certainly by the spring of 1805, for, when he c ne, there were but one or two cabins on Main street, south of First, and the i lly crossing Main street at Third had not yet been filled up. The post office us kept in Mr. Van Cleve’s cabin at the corner of First and St. Clair. Mr. oper’s house, at First and Ludlow, was about completed. The principal part f the town was the cluster of rough log cabins around Newcomb s tavern up i the river. Sutherland & Brown’s store was the only one here. Main street vs only cleared of underbrush as far south as Third street. The road through t } village was up Main street and out First to the Mad River ford. There vre no sidewalks, and but little ditching had been done. The lot at Second lid Main had been cleared up for McCollum’s tavern. The court house was i be built, and other improvements were talked of. Mr. Phillips, finding so borable a business opportunity, determined to locate in Dayton. He remained 1 re through the year 1805, then, in the winter, made the trip overland on irseback to buy goods at Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, returning to his old 1 me in New Jersey to bring with him his bride, who -was to accompany him to t sir log cabin home in the wilderness of the Northwest. He often told of 1 it long, lonely ride through the woods on his first trip from Dayton. In I iny places, the narrow trace could only be followed by the blazed trees, and f feral nights he bivouacked by the way. He followed the bridle-path over I I hills to the Indian trail on the Little Miami, near Xenia. That trace led i the old Indian towns near the Pickaway plains on the Scioto. Fi’oin a ford- y on Darby Creek, a trail led to the forks of the Muskingum (Coshocton), and om there followed the larger trace to the forks of the Ohio River (Pittsburgh). Eliza Smith Houston, daughter of William C. Houston, was born in Tren- ! i, N. J., September 19. 1783. For several years, she. with her parents, 1 ed at Lawrenceville. where, on the 10th of April, 1806, she was married to G. Phillips. Their bridal trip was across the mountains to Pittsburgh, < wn the river in a flat-boat to Cincinnati, and from there by wagon to their fckwoods home in Dayton. At that time, there was very pleasant society Ire — the families of D. C. Cooper, Col. Patterson, Isaac Spinning, Squire llliams. Rev. James Welsh, Col. Newcom. Benjamin Van Cleve. Maj. Reid. '• Elliott and Robert Edgar. _ __ cD Mr. and Mrs. Phillips’ first home was in a two-story log house, southwest •rner of First and Jefferson streets. He had his store in the same -building, - d in that house their first three children were born. The other children were (rn at the southeast corner of Second and Main streets. The children who ed to majority were Elizabeth Smith. Jonathan Dickinson and Marianna misa. ’ * * 1 ■ HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTV. 892 Elizabeth S., born June 9, 1809, married John G. Worthington, of Cin- cinnati. June 29. 1830, and is now living in Georgetown. D. C. Mr. Worth ington died several years ago. J. D. Phillips, born December 31, 1812, married Lucy Anna ZeiGei Greene July 28, 1836; died February 23, 1871. His wife died June 28. 1881 Marianna Louisa, born March 30. 1814, married Robert A. Thruston Sep tember 29, 1832. Jle died August 16, 1839. Col. John G. Lowe and Mrs Thruston were married May 9. 1843. Mr. Phillips opened his store in 1806, and was prosperous from the start Several other firms began business here in that year, and trade came to Daytoi from all parts of the valley. Merchants would go East twice a year for goods and on one of these trips, in September, 1809. with their only child, Eliza beth, then only three months old, Mrs. Phillips accompanied her husband tc New Jersey. The trip was made on horseback, and their baggage was earriec by pack-horse. Indians being yet located in large numbers at the head-waters of Mac River and over on the Scioto, and their hunting parties roaming through tin woods of Central Ohio made such a journey through the wilderness dangerous Parties were usually made up of merchants and others who were going Eas about the same time, and all would carry rifles. On this trip, John Schenck of Franklin, Charles Greene, and one or t.wo others, were in the party. Taverns were by this time located at convenient distances along the narrow roads. They were generally double log houses, with covered way or porch be tween. An important feature was the swinging signs, upon which wer> painted a portrait or picture, which would give the inn a name. Portraits o Washington, Wayne, Wolfe and Marion were the most frequently used, wkil pictures of lions, bears, bucks, tigers, horses and birds were painted in tin brightest colors and life size. The signs were framed and hung on creakm; hinges on top of a large post at the road in front of the tavern, that served a a liitching-post as well. Coming from their own cabin home at Dayton, and being used to Westers life and ways, Mr. Phillips and his friends could, as travelers often did, afte a hearty supper, spread their blankets and bearskins on the puncheon floor an sleep with their feet to the fire. For these taverns were popular, profitabi places, where met. on common footing, travelers, emigrants, pack-horse me: and wagoners. When a party was belated, or at other times, finding sleeping apartments, as well as bar and barns packed for the night, it would be neces sarv to go on to the half-way house, or camp by the roadside. Mr. Phillips, leaving his wife and child in New Jersey, went to Phikj delphia, bought his goods, then returned to Lawrenceville for a visit, and the: I home with his family to Dayton. He built a two-story brick storeroom at the southeast corner of Main an Eecond streets, and a residence immediately adjoining, on Main street, anc in 1812 moved his family and store. His business rapidly increased. Daytoi! during the war, was the center of trade for the valley, and the town was fall o people all the time. In the winter of 1812-13, he sent his brother-in-lav George S. Houston, to Philadelphia to buy goods. Mr. Houston exceeded hi instructions and bought a very large stock, so much more than Mr. Phillip thought advisable that he feared that he would be ruined. He opened a stor at Troy and placed Mr. Houston in charge. The line of forts from New Lexington, Preble County, across the couatr to Urbana, had been strongly garrisoned by militia as a protection for Gen Har rison’s line of communication, as well as the safety of the people of the valley As soon as contractors and Government agents came into the valley to buy sup plies for the army, Mr. Phillips began the exchange of goods for pork, whisk' HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 393 j ir and grain, and accumulated large quantities at Troy and Dayton, which a found ready sale for; and thus, instead of being embarrassed with the large Jjgk 0 f goods, his management brought him handsome profit. In 1815, he sent Eastin Morris with a stock of goods to open a store in , jenville, and, for a number of years, was thus actively engaged in the man- a meat of his business, and, by energy, industry and economy, accumulated a iidsome fortune. Mrs. Phillips was an active member of the Presbyterian Church, and, al- tj ugh of delicate health, was a leader in all Christian work, a teacher in the jiday school and prominent in local charitable work, ever among the first in mistering relief to the sick and needy. She, with other Dayton ladies, gj'e all possible time in the preparation of hospital supplies for sick and t raded soldiers at Camp Meigs, and cared for many at their own homes, and, tor the close of the war, was one of the twelve ladies, who, on the 10th of Akil. 1815, organized the Dayton Female Bible and Chai’itable Association. Active as she was in all home enterprises of the early days, giving liber - - to the poor and distressed, and, by her example, leading others on in good ,vks, her sudden death, December 3, 1831, was a severe shock to the commu- ojy. In her death, society lost one of its most hospitable and gifted members, tij church an earnest, unselfish worker, a devoted Christian wife and mother. Mi'. Phillips bought property in Darke, Miami and Montgomery Counties. h was one of the organizers of the Dayton Manufacturing Company, the first buk in the county. He was interested in the woolen mills down on Hole’s ( iek In 1830, he with Alexander Grimes and Moses Smith, platted the tin of Alexandersville. December 16, 1836, he married Mrs. C. P. Irwin, mo survived him. John Kneisly, in 1843 or 1844, sold to H. G. Phillips, Daniel Beckel, J. D. i Hips. and S. D. Edgar, under the firm name of Phillips, Beckel & Co., the \ ;er-power that is now owned by the Dayton Hydraulic Company. This piper was taken from Mad River in Section 23, above the mouth of McCon- n i’s Creek, and in 1819 Henry Leatherman bought the right of way through ijyton Hamer’s land, and dug the race around at the foot of the hill to his u 1 at the southwest corner of Section 29. In 1825, Kneisly bought sixty a es of land of Dayton Hamer and this water-power. He built a saw-mill, i n a “corn-cracker,” which he soon converted into a Hour-mill; he then built a 'oil mill, and a small distillery. These mills were located near the center of the D'theast quarter of Section 29, Mad River Township, between '‘Hamer’s Hill” a l Mad River. A paper-mill was afterward built there. November 3, 1841, t grist and sawmills burned, but were rebuilt two years later. Kneisly sold tii; water-power and right of way to Phillips, Beckel & Co., who purchased r ;ht. of way to continue the race from the old Leatherman Mill to its present bisection with the canal near East First street. The contracts for digging t race were let in the fall of 1844. March 1, 1845, the Dayton Hydraulic »-npany was incorporated, H. G. Phillips, D. Beckel. J. D. Phillips, S. D. Igar, J. G. Lowe, corporators. The water-power now known as the Upper 1 draulic was first used in 1846, and has always been a source of great revenue ' :he Phillips estate. In 1850, the new hotel, the Phillips House, at the southwest corner of i in and Third streets, was named in honor of Mr. Phillips. Mr. Phillips strongly urged the building of turnpikes through the canty, and. in later years, was influential in bringing railroads into Dayton. At length, after a long, active and useful life, fifty years in business in 1 yton, and all that time one of the most prominent and influential citizens vthe county where he had accumulated a large estate, Mr. Phillips died No- \nber 10, 1859. 894 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAPTER XIII. Thk Mexican War— 1848 to 1861— The War ok the Rebellion— Events r Military Circles Since 1865. A M A J ORTTY of the people of Ohio, regarding the probability of war with Mexbj as the result of schemes of the pro-slavery party to add territory to tin United States, which could afterward be formed into Slave States, were strongb opposed to the war. But in thorough loyalty to the Constitution, patriotic peopi l of Ohio and all of the Northern States, promptly responded to the call oi' tU National Government for troops to sustain the army on the Rio Grande, and fo aggressive movements against Mexico. The Hon. Mordecai Bartley was Governor of Ohio; Samuel R. Curtis wa Adjutant General of the State ; E. N. Slocum, Quarter Master General. The militia of this county, organized as the First Brigade, in command o| Brig. Gen. Adam Spiece, were attached to the Tenth Division of Ohio Militia}! Maj. Gen. Hiram Bell, of Greenville, commanding. When it became known tha the President of the United States had made requisition upon the States fo troops, and in response to a general demand from all parts of the county, a meet ing of the citizens of the county was called to be held in the City Hall at Daytoi the evening of May 21, 1846. The hall was filled with militiamen of the differen companies of the county and prominent citizens of the city and townships Gen. Spiece was called to the chair, and Maj. Thomas B. Tilton, his Brigade Major, was made Secretary of the meeting. Gen. Spiece briefly stated the objec of the meeting to be to give an expression of the sentiment of the county on Uni Mexican war question, and to adopt measures to eucourage the enrollment o: volunteers. Capt. Luther Giddings, of the Dayton Dragoons, in response to : call of the meeting, made a patriotic appeal. Short, stirring speeches were als<| delivered by Capt. M. B. Walker, of the Germantown Cavalry ; by Maj. Tilton Capt. Lewis Hormell, of the Dayton National Guards (German Company) ; Lieut Atlas Stout, of the Dayton Gun Squad ; and Lieut. John Love, of the Unitec States Army, and others. May 20, Gov. Bartley, in compliance with a requisition, made by President James Iv. Polk, issued General Order No. 1, calling upon Division Generals bp muster their commands at once, to ascertain how many men would enlist, as infanj try or riflemen, for twelve months’ service, unless sooner discharged. The order) reached Gen. Bell at Greenville, on the 23d, and he at once ordered the severs Brigades of the Tenth Division to assemble as follows ; First Brigade, at Day ton. May 26 ; Second Brigade, at Troy, May 27 ; Third Brigade, at Sidney, Mat 28 ; Fourth Brigade, at Greenville, May 29. Upon receipt of this order, Gen Spiece directed the First Brigade to assemble at Dayton, and at 11 o’eloel the morning of the 26th, nine companies reported. The city was full of people drawn together by the excitement of the war news and military display. Martin music, parades of delegations with banners, songs and cheering was the order o the day. The militia were marched to the lower part of the city, where tin crowds assembled, and were addressed by Gen. Bell. The National Guard begav recruiting at their armory on the north side of Second street, between Main and Jefferson ; the Flying Dragoons, at McCann's store, at the northeast corner oi Third and Jefferson streets, but being notified that the Government would not accept cavalry, the next day they were organized as the “ Dayton Riflemen," and HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 397 ( that day, May 27, information was received from Columbus, that while the iir Department would hold the militia of a number of States in reserve, three l aments of Ohio troops, 2,331 men were required for immediate service. The people of the county united in the work of organizing the companies, ri of providing for the soldiers and their families. Thursday evening, May 28, a large meeting was held at the City Hall in 1 vton ; Thomas Brown, Peter Odlin, William Eaker, T. J. S. Smith and Fred- e'ck G-ebhart were appointed as a committee to raise funds, to defray the inciden- ts expenses of the volunteers from this county, before being mustered into the [ ited States service. An executive committee of twenty was appointed, to raise f ds for the support of the families of volunteers during their absence ; the com- rjttee were : Alexander Swaynie, Robert W. Steele, IT. G. Phillips, P. P. Lowe. Inry L. Brown and Samuel Marshall, of Dayton; Joseph Barnett, of Harrison wnship ; Jefferson Patterson, of Van Buren Township ; Henry S. Gunckel, of Oman Township ; Jonathan Harshman, of Mad River Township ; John Conley, i Miami Township; John Burnett, of Jefferson Township; John Sherer, of 1 ndolph Township ; James Patterson, of Madison Township ; Henry Shidlcr, of jbkson Township ; William Baggott, of Butler Township ; Amos Irwin, of Wash- ton Township; Moses Sherer, of Wayne Township; Isaac Voorhees. of Clay I wnship ; and Dr. Lindsle}’, of Perry Township. H. Gr. Phillips was elected ( airman of the committee; Robert W. Steele, Secretary; Henry L. Brown. ’Dasurer. The committee was appointed to assure the faithful performance of the polic pledge of a generous people ; that the wives and children of soldiers were the cared for, protected and cherished. Frequent meetings were held ; commit- tip were appointed to arrange for the comfort and departure of the troops. The bt citizens joined in pledges that the families of men who enlisted should be pivided for during the war, and in case the soldier did not return the families w ild be cared for. In every case these pledges were sacredly kept. The ladies we not behind in their work. Every hand was bus}’, every heart responded in s apathy to the soldier, with a silent Christian pledge to do their whole duty by t! wives and children of the volunteers. A number of banks in different parts of the State tendered to the Governor a,the money that he might need to provide for the emergency. The Governor 1 ignated Dayton as one of the points of rendezvous for volunteers. Ceil. Spiece eablisked headquarters at the corner of Third and Jefferson streets, and detailed iyj. Tilton as Mustering Officer in command of volunteers. Camp Washington established in the Mill Creek Valley near Cincinnati as a rendezvous for the Cjio Volunteers, and Samuel R. Curtis, Adjutant General of the State, was placed iicommand. June 3, the two companies enlisted in this county were ordered to ( jnp Washington. The next morning they were paraded in front of the National I tel, when from the balcony, a beautiful flag was presented to the riflemen by b citizens. On one side of the flag the ladies had embroidered an eagle, with 1 motto “ Our Country,” on the reverse side, the State arms, with the name of d company, “ The Dayton Riflemen.” Lieut. Brecount was presented with a pair '■•evolvers and a bowie knife by some young gentlemen friends. At sunset, the guards, with ninety-six men and the following officers : Captain, ■- vis Horraell ; First Lieutenant, William Egry ; Second Lieutenant, Christ Kecht ; First Sergeant, William Spangler ; Second Sergeant, Peter Weist ; Third Sigeant, Adam Ziller ; Fourth Sergeant, Frederick Ploch. The riflemen, with a ety-two men and the following officers : Captain, Luther Giddings ; First Lieu- hant, D. Long; Second Lieutenant, D. Brecount ; First Sergeant, J. P. Spiece : Sond Sergeant, N. Allen; Third Sergeant, G. Coon; Fourth Sergeant, C. L. I rigle; Corporals, W. G. Davis, V. B. Howard, John Smith, James Craig ; were eibrted to the public landing at the canal between Second and Third streets, by h dragoons, a company hastily organized, and using the arms and accouterments 0;the disbanded cavalry company, the artillery company and great crowds of HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 398 citizens. The root's of tlie liouses, the bridges, the banks of the canal and stree were tilled with people, all vying with each other in acts of kindness to thedepai ing soldiers and their weeping families. The excitement was intense. The crov were alternately crying and cheering. The dragoons fired a salute. The rted to the canal by the citizens. Mayor McKinney made them a farewell S I '-ch and Capt. King replied, pledging that his company — the “ Dayton Reg- 400 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. ulars ” — never would, by their action in the field, tarnish the fair name of tlu Dayton volunteers, won by gallantry at Seralvo and Monterey. This company was assigned to the Fifteenth United States Infantry. In the regiment were fivt Ohio companies, three from Michigan and two from Wisconsin. Col. George W Morgan, Lieut. Col. John Howard, of Michigan, Maj. Samuel Wood. May 12, in four canal boats, the Michigan and Wisconsin companies passed through Dayton. ' News was received the same day that Companies B and C, of the First Ohio were on their way home from war. A meeting of citizens was called, and a coin mittee appointed to arrange reception ceremonies. Saturday afternoon, June 26, the Dayton Hi lies (Company B), with but forty men, reached Dayton, in command of Capt. D. Long. Crowds of citizens iron town and country with militia, music and the gun squad, assembled at the canal foot of Main street, and, as the boat swung around the bend at Phillip’s Hill, t salute of twenty-nine guns was fired. The soldiers were escorted up Main streei to Third, then to the National House, where Mayor McKinney welcomed then home. In reply, Maj. Giddings, with much feeling, referred to their departure and to this, their return, with but forty men. Twenty-one of their comrades were buried in Mexico ; but they had brought back the flag untarnished that had beer presented to them by the Dayton ladies. Cheer upon cheer was given to the sol diers, and crowds of friends escorted each man to his home. Tuesday morning, June 29, the German company, C, of the First Regimen arrived home with forty-six men, Capt. Hormell commanding. In the rain and mud they were escorted by the citizens to the National Hous< and were welcomed in a brief speech by J. W. McCorkle. The crowd cheered the band played, and all rejoiced in shaking hands with this fine body of men The next evening the town was illuminated in honor of the return of the two com panies. They had fireworks at the court house, the band was out. fife and drum, stirred up the town, and the night was given up to bonfires, cannon and cheering Of these two companies, the following are the only' members known to bi now living : Dayton Rifles, Company B — Maj. Luther Giddings, Capt. David Long, Capt DeCamp Brecount and Lieut. Nathan Allen, Sergt. G. Coon, Privates David Tay lor, William Howell and Edward Cummins (colored). Dayton National Guard, Company C — Capt. L. Hormell, Lieuts. Wiilian Egry, Christ Knecht, Sr., and Ernst Kohlresor, Privates George Egerly, Chaiie Nickel, William Spangler, Jacob Jacobs Poock. All of the volunteers under the first call having served their term and beei discharged, the War Department called upon Ohio for another regiment. Unde this call a company was raised in Dayton and named the *• Dayton German Gvena diers,” and organized as follows : Captain, John Werner; First Lieutenant, John Fries; Second Lieutenant Henry 7 Toepfer, and one hundred enlisted men — thirty-five men from this county twenty-five from Columbus, and the rest were enlisted in the vicinity of Bremen Ohio. They were ordered to report at Camp Washington, and on May 31 wer escorted by the militia and citizens to the puli Ik:- landing, where, after severa speeches in German and English and a salute from the artillery, they boarded th packet for Cincinnati, where they were assigned to the Fourth Ohio Regiment, am Capt. Werner was made Lieutenant Colonel ; Lieut. Fries was promoted to th Captaincy, Henry Toepfer received the First Lieutenant’s commission and Wilhan Graebe was elected Second Lieutenant. The regiment was organized with C. B Brough as Colonel. John Werner, Lieutenant Colonel, and Young, of Butle County, Major. They were with Gen. Scott at Contreras, Churubusco and Cha pultepec, and with him marched in triumph into the City' of Mexico. At the storming of the works before the City of Mexico, the Compauy snfferet severely. Lieut. Toepfer was killed and a number of his men. Capt. John Fries HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 401 wounded. In February, 1848, the regiment was doing garrison duty at Puebla I July, 1848, the company returned to Dayton with but thirty-six men, and were o-ien a reception and dinner by their friends. Upon their arrival, they were lotted by the “ National Guard” and artillery to the common just east of Bain- I ]ge street, near Third. The tables were set on the ground now occupied by 3 ddard’s Agricultural Works. Philip Wegeman is the only member of this apany now living. The Fifth Ohio Regiment was organized in September. 1847. Colonel, Will- : i Irvin, Lancaster ; Lieutenant Colonel, William H. Latham, of Columbus ; jor, Link, of Circleville. 1848 to 1861." After the close of the Mexican war, the organization of the “ Junior Artiller- iu” was continued. The members were uniformed and armed with flint lock j'se-pistols — truly formidable ! That portion of the German Company of “ Na- t Jal Guards,” which remained at home, kept up its organization, and after the top consolidated with the company that returned. The gun squad, having been n continued, re-organized about 1852, and received an additional gun, making ■i armament a battery of two 12-pound brass pieces. A large cavalry company w 3 raised about the same time under the militia law, and a second was organized, c nposed of young men, but neither company existed over a year. “From about 1856 until 1861, were Dayton’s grandest militia days. The 1 gadier General with his brilliant Staff, their clanking swords, large plumes and brass spurs and gay steeds, as they pranced at the head of a column, was a play of splendor that drew the populace in admiring crowds. Every button sime as if of gold ; every horse and every officer stood firm and stern at his post, i ther looking to the right nor to the left, but steady to the front.” The Dayton militia then consisted of five companies of infantry and a 2-guu t tery, composed of grown persons — business men and mechanics. The term of e istment was five years. Each company selected its own uniform ; the arms vce furnished by the State ; the uniforms were handsome, and the organizations vre very creditable. On parade days people came from near and far to witness t evolutions and feast their gaze on the glittering uniforms. The largest military demonstration ever held in Dayton was on Saturday, the 3! of July, 1858, when the troops were reviewed by the Governor, Salmon P. Chase, t r weeks in advance, the town was occupied with the arrangements ; flaming post- e were sent out for this “ State military celebration,” under the “direction of the 1st Regiment of Ohio Volunteers,” announcing that “ several Revolutionary he- rs would be present ; ” that “ there would be prize drills ’ for “ silver medals,” A, etc. Excursions were to come on the five railroads. All possible arrangements vre made to provide for the strangers that were expected. Citizens were urged and did decorate houses and streets. On the 2d, the Governor and his Staff ar- ' ed and were quartered at the Phillips House. “ They were furnished with ele- fvt horse equipments, manufactured for the occasion.' On the same day, the flowing companies arrived and were assigned as follows : The “ Rover Guard,” i m Cincinnati, with “Mentor’s splendid band,” were the guests of the Dayton 'ght Guard. The “ Warren Guard,” from Lebanon, were received by the “ Mont- pnery Guard." The “Sandusky Artillery ” were the guests of the “Steuben Ar- • ery.’ The “Sandusky Yagers” were entertained by the “Lafayette Yagers.” ere was a succession of heavy showers all Friday afternoon, thus effectually wa- t ing the streets for the morrow, and the money that had been raised to pay for 5 eet sprinkling was appropriated by the committee for more powder. The mili- l y display was described as a magnificent affair. The town was crowded with lPple. At 10 o’clock, the column was formed on Main street, with twenty-two * Prepared principally from a “ Military History of Dayton,’’ written by Ashley Brown, and published in the 1 ton Democrat in 1&78. 402 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. companies of artillery, cavalry and infantry, six brass bands, and a number t bands of field music. Right resting at Third, line displaying southwardly, the marched north to the head of Main street, counter-marched, and then south to t! “ grove ” (now used as the Southern Ohio Fair Grounds): The ceremony at tl grove was short. Music ; prayer by Chap. D. Winters ; music ; Declaration of Independent read by Maj. D. A. Haynes ; music ; oration by Gen. H. B. Carrington ; musk benediction. After which the column was reformed and marched back to thecit and reviewed on Main street by the Governor as Commander-in-chief. The following is a list of the Generals and their staff officers who were prei eut : Salmon P. Chase, Governor and Commander-in-chief; Inspector Gen. ii. ] Carrington, Quartermaster Gen. A. E. Glenn, Commissary Gen. L. Buttles, Chi' of Engineers D. L. Wood, Surgeon Gen. W. McMillen, Maj. Gen. Adam Spier Lieut. Col. D. G. Fitch, Lieut. Col. G. W. Honk, Lieut. Col. F. Loury, Lieut; C( D. E. Mead, Lieut. Col. H. G. Carey, Maj. William Damme, Maj. William Peas Maj. Gen. J. A. Joues, Assist. Adjt. Gen. J. H. Goodman, Assistant Judge Adv< cate Gen. J. J. Finch, Assistant Quartermaster Gen. J. A. Fosmer, Aid-dc-Cam J. M. Webster, Brig. Gen. C. L. Vallandigham, Maj. D. A. Haynes, Maj. Samin Craighead, Maj. James McDaniel, Maj. C. McDermont, Brig. Gen. F. N. Bill, Ms Van Housen, Capt. W. D. Colt, Capt. FI. J. Donahue, Capt. 0. Davgenfelt, Brij Gen. Garrison, Maj. W. Young, Brig. Gen. J. F. Whiteman, Maj. Mason, Maj, She labarger, Maj. Snyder, Col. E. A. King, First Regiment Ohio Militia, Lieut. Co Thomas B. Tilton, Adjt. E. A. Parrott, Paymaster B. F. Eaker, Quartermastt George Nauerth. There were in line twenty-two companies of artillery, cavali and infantry, as follows : Springfield Artillery, Dayton Light Artillery, Steube Light Artillery, of Dayton, Sandusky Light Artillery, Lafayette Blues, gun sqrsai of Troy, Montgomery Cavalry, of Dayton, Infantry companies from Cincinnat four. Infantry companies from Hamilton, two. Infantry company from Spring field, one. Infantry company from Fremont, one. Infantry company fror Arlington, Clay Township, one. Infantry company from Sandusky, one. It fantry company from Troy, one. Infantry company from Lebanon, one. On Dayton companies were the Montgomery Guard (Irish), Da} ? ton Light Guar (American), National Guard (German), Lafayette Yagers (German). Afte dinner was held the drill for the prizes, which were awarded as follows The artillery medal went to the Sandusky Light Artillery. The infantry medal t the Rover Guards, of Cincinnati. The light infantry medal was won by the Da; ton Light Guard. In September, of this year, another German infantry company, called th Washington Guard, was formed. September 22, the Dayton companies bad sham fight. The Mexican side consisted of the National Guard, Washiugio Guard, Steuben Battery. On the American side were the Light Guard, Montgou ery Guard, Dayton Light Artillery. After about an hour’s hard fighting, the Me> icans were driven off, “loss on our side trifling.” For the next two years, th ranks of the militia companies were kept filled to the maximum. They had pt rades, drills, excursions, camps, target practice, entertainments, etc. The Baytoi Zouaves were organized. Their quaint uniform, proficiency in drill and strict dis cipline attracted the attention of the community. Their first appearance on th streets was witnessed by thousands. In the fall, two companies of cadets wer formed from the larger boj^s of the district schools. They were fully ’armed an equipped, wearing a grey uniform. They became very proficient in drill, and wel disciplined. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. During the winter of 1860-61, it became apparent to the people of Daytoi as well as to all in the North, that civil war was inevitable, and the progress o events was watched with feverish anxiety by both citizens and militia. Th evacuation of Fort Moultrie, by Maj. Anderson, caused intense excitement, arnj HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 408 , en at last Fort Sumter fell, and the people of the North knew that the ball was clsned, they sprang quickly into line at the call of President Lincoln for 75,000 l| n - and the offer of 40,000 from Ohio by Gov. Dennison, the recruiting i ich was begun by all of the Dayton companies, and the promptness with which tij young men responded to the call, gave evidence of the desire which the i Lriotic children of the nation possessed to advance and overthrow her enemies. r jfe recruiting office of the Montgomery Guard was at the armory, southeast i -uer First and St. Clair streets ; that of the Dayton Light Guard at its armory, c? the north side of Third street, midway between Jefferson and Main, and that the Lafayette Guard at its armory, at the southwest corner of Jefferson and ifirket streets. Wednesday evening at 7 o'clock, April 17, 1861, the Dayton Light Guard and t ; Montgomery Guard marched to the depot on Sixth street and took the train for dumbus. Immense crowds lined the streets and filled the depot. When the . npanv flags were uufurled, cheer upon cheer rent the air. Men of all parties ; led the escort, and without division assisted in the “ enthusiastic God-speed ” t the departing volunteers, thus rendering the occasion one of extraordinary i erest. At 12 o’clock the same night, the Lafayette Guard departed. The same cjwd, that had not left the streets, escorted them with cheers and good wishes to to depot. If there ever was a time when the hearts of the people beat in unison al were filled with the same patriotic spirit, it was then, when the large as- siablage gave expression to sentiments of approval and good wishes to the vol- ufeeefs. 1 The same night the Dayton Light Artillery concluded to-muster into the serv- ii| as riflemen. They offered their services and were immediately accepted by .ti Governor, and on Saturday, April 20, they took their departure for Columbus. Tteir uniform was red shirts and dark pants and cap. They made a very liand- s ue appearance as they marched from their armory. The affection shown by t ir familes, and the great crowd that accompanied them to the depot, exhibited t.j sympathy shown by all. As the train moved out, showers of blessings and |)d wishes accompanied them from the deeply moved crowd. On the 19th, re- citing lists of the “Anderson Guard” were opened at their armory in Brown’s I'll, on the south side of Third street, half way between Main and Jefferson lets. On the night of the 20th, sixty-four men had enrolled and the company 0 anized. The next day was Sunday. The armory was one continuous scene of e litement. The day was given up to providing for the volunteers. Lady friends we busy making flannnel shirts, havelocks and needle cases. Caps, shoes and nkets were provided by a committee of citizens. The doctors of the town offered their services free to families of the volun t rs ; druggists agreed to fill all prescriptions without charge; $5,000 was r ;ped at a meeting of citizens to supply the immediate wants of families who nfeht need it ; donations of all kinds were sent in ; young and old, men, women 41 children, alike did all in their power to aid in sending off the troops. A y mg boy desired to and did enlist ; the father hearing of it, went to the re editing office and erased his name ; the excited boy asked his father what he 11 mt ; the reply was, “ I want you to stay at home and help me work,” to which t boy answered, “I’ll just tell you what it is. I’ll be d d if I’ll work for .Vji or anybody else till this war is over.” Sunday night the “ Anderson Guard” were quartered in Beckel Hall, waiting ; 'ers from Columbus. Monday morning the excitement increased as the hour 1 w near for the departure of the company ; the streets were filled with people, t hall was crowded, the soldiers and citizens joined in singing the “ Star Spangled f mer,” and amid cheers, waving of handkerchiefs and flags, the company filed Rj) the street ; every foot of room was occupied on the streets and sidewalks ; 'VP'ng friends were bidding good-bye to their husbands, fathers and brothers ; cidren were crying; the crowds were shouting farewell to the gallant, true- h rted volunteers. 404 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Scenes at the depot cannot be described in a short space. When the trai moved off, the cheering was renewed, and another hundred men had gone, makin a total of 465 men sent from Dayton in response to the first call for three month | enlistments. Upon the arrival at Columbus, the first three Dayton companies wei assigned to the First Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, as follows : Lafayett Guards as Company B (German), Dayton Light Guards as Company C (color con pany), Montgomery Guards as Company D (Irish). This regiment and the Second Ohio were ordered and started, by railroad, i Washington on Friday, April 19. The} 7 had the usual experience of raw troop whose first duty always seems to be grumbling at the imaginary poor grub as hard beds. They were detained at Harrisburg for a few’ days, where the time w: occupied in drilling and writing letters home. They then moved to Lancaster l be armed and equipped, thence to Washington and their first fight at Vienna, i the battle of Bull Run they covered themselves with glory, and in the retreat the army the regiment was in the brigade under Gen. R. C. Schenck. Their ter of enlistment having expired, they were discharged, and reached Dayton Frith' evening, August 2. They were received at the depot by the militia companit fire department and a vast concourse of citizens, with shouts of welcome, patriot speeches and salutes by the artillery, escorted to the court house and dismisse each man to narrate again and again to his friends his three months’ experien in Uncle Sam’s army. The great demonstration was enthusiastic in the extreme a just tribute to their gallantry. They were the heroes of the hour and the homes the center of attraction, and the petted soldiers felt their importance, good story was told on one of them, living in a prominent corner house up tow He asked his mother and insisted that his bed should be placed in the yard und the trees, as lie had been so used to sleeping out doors that he could not rest the house. He soon got over that after his comrades heard of it. The “Dayton Riflemen ” and the “Anderson Guard ” were ordered to Camp -Jac son, within the limits of the city of Columbus, and on the formation of the Eieveni Ohio Volunteer Infantry were assigned to that regiment, the riflemen as Company and the Guards as Company G, and commenced drill, and complain of the territ grub — no soft bread, no butter ; it was awful. Then they expected to be in bat 1 within a da} 7 or two after leaving home, and were disappointed. Washington w safe and the first danger had passed. The Government determined to hold the troops in Ohio as a reserve, and for more perfect organization the regiment, wi others, was ordered to a point on Little Miami River, distant fifteen miles fro Cincinnati, where they assisted in the arranging and construction of Camp Deni son. All of the thirteen Ohio regiments (except the First and Second) that we organized under the President’s first call for troops were stationed here, and kept constantly drilling for the next six or seven weeks, when they were re-orga ized for the three years’ service. June 20, the Eleventh Regiment was re-organiz< Company A re-enlisting for the three years’ service. A portion of Company returned to Dayton, the rest enlisting in other companies and regiments. With the necessity for soldiers came the need of furnishing them with vane articles of clothing, and the little conveniences which fair and willing hands kin so well how to bring into existence from the storehouses devoted to the cau Meetings were held at all available places ; churches and ladies’ societies took t work in hand, and the manufacture of shirts, socks, clothing, blankets, etc., w entered into with spirit. The departing soldiers were well supplied, and espec. care was taken also to look after the needs of their families. Large sums of mon were raised by private subscription ; the City Council and the Board of Four Commissioners appropriated $10,000 each, for the relief of soldiers families; cieties and incorporated companiesof all kinds, also the fire department, contribuf liberally from their resources, and certainly neither the volunteers nor their famil i had cause to complain that they were not comfortably provided for. Not oi was this the case in the beginning, but thi'oughout the entire term of strife. De I HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 409 j J§d the noble county around her, won the lasting gratitude of the soldier boys 1 their families, and there is to-day a feeling of pride at the recollection of lies performed when the war-cloud hung darkly over the land. On the evening of Tuesday, April 16, 1861, the “ Zouave Rangers,” a roughly armed and equipped organization, passed a resolution as follows : !| esolved , That the Zouave Rangers of Dayton tender their services to the Gover- of Ohio, as a home-guard, to do services within the limits of the State only.” "(3 company was accepted by the Governor, and departed for Columbus on the . ning of the 22d of April. Remaining at that point for some time, doing garri- duty. they were stationed as a guard at the east end of the Marietta Railroad, ; ,1 after three months of service, returned to Dayton on the 25th of July. The uckeye Guard ” opened its armory and recruiting lists at Brown’s Hall, on Third - let, April 24, in view of being ready as soon as another company should be ac- ted. Having become fully organized, they tendered their services on the 29th. a 1 were at once accepted. They left for Hamilton, eighty-seven strong, on the 2d ) May, and going into camp at that city, remained until the 20th of the same nth, when they returned to Dayton to recruit for the three years' service. Numerous companies and regiments from other points in Ohio, and from dif- fdnt States, passed through Dayton during the first three months of th'e war, over : railways, and the Committees, who made it their duty to look after those mat- ’* 3 , gathered provisions as speedily as possible, and taking them to the depot, fur- i bed the men with good lunches. These Committees were composed principally dandies, who were very active on such occasions, looking after the comfort of t| strangers on their way to the front, or to points of rendezvous, with great care. Any pleasant acquaintances were thus formed, which were continued by corres- p idence during the war. On the 21st of May, the First Ohio Regimental Band left ijyton to join the- regiment at Philadelphia. A purse of $100 in gold was pre- shed to it by friends as the cars were on the point of starting. There were but few enlistments in the navy from this locality. The recruit- ip for three years’ service began in May, 1861. Several distinguished officers v;re from Dayton. At the outbreak of the rebellion, R. C. Schenck tendered his > vices to the President, and was at once appointed Brigadier General and ren- ed distinguished services, for which he was promoted to the rank of Major < neral. In December, 1863, he resigned to take his seat in Congress. George Crook, who was born near Dayton, graduated at West Point in 1S52, s’ved in the Western army until the war broke out; in August, 1861, was ap- fnted Colonel of the Thirty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and in the spring of 1)2 was placed in command of a brigade in the Army of West- Virginia. In July cathe same year, his brigade, as a part of the celebrated Kanawha Division, was t nsfern d to the Army of the Potomac. For distnguished services, he was com- missioned Brigadier General of Volunteers. July 20, 1864, he was brevetted Major *: neral “ for gallantry and efficient services, and about January, 1865, was pro- fed to full Major General of Volunteers, in which capacity he served through v war and was mustered out on the 15th day of January, 1866, and ordered to 1 regiment in the regular army as Lieutenant Colonel, and has since been pro- • 'ted to full Brigadier General in the United States Army. The “ Buckeye Guard ” opened recruiting lists for three years’ service, unless Acer discharged, on the morning of the 20th of May, and ten days later moved 1 rail to Camp Jackson. Fifty Dayton men were in this company, which was perward transferred to Camp Chase, four miles east of Columbus, and assigned to - Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Twenty -five men who had enlisted to vve three years in Company A. Eleventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, left to join Ut company at Camp Dennison May 29. The company was re-organized for the Yee years’ service on the 15th of' June, retaining its position in the regiment. It 1 itained seventy Dayton men. On the latter date the “ Union Guard ” estab- ■ued an armory in the hall at the southwest corner of Market and Jefferson K 410 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. streets, and on the 26th began recruiting for the three years’ service. It was fu organized, and mustered into service at Camp Dennison, as Company I, Twell Ohio Volunteer Infantry, June 29 ; the company contained twenty-five Dayt men, the rest were from the townships of Montgomery County, and some from 1 counties of Preble, Greene and Darke. Twenty men for the First Ohio Battery were recruited at Dayton July 1861, and were soon taken to Camp Dennison, where the battery was organ iz From its peculiar service and equipment during its first year’s service, it Vi always known as the “Jackass Battery.” A recruiting office for United Sta . regular army was opened at Dayton, July 25, 1861, and continued through b war. About one hundred men were enlisted therein, being assigned principally i the Fifteenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth United States Infantry. The term ' service had been reduced by Congress from five to three years. August 5, recruiting for the First Ohio Infantry for the three years’ service gan. On the 19th the site for a military camp was selected two and one-half mi i east of Dayton, on the hill, just south of where the Cleveland, Columbus, Cine • nati & Indianapolis and Dayton & Southeastern Railroads now cross theSpringfM pike. The camp was given the name of “ Camp Corwin.” August 20, a comps - of sixty -five men marched in from the northern part of the county and camped i the fair grounds. In the town, all was military excitement. There were twe > recruiting offices, four raising companies for the First Ohio Volunteer Infant, two for the regular army, one for cavalry, one for the Thirty-fifth Ohio Volant ' Infantry, a company of sharpshooters for the Twenty-second Ohio Volunteer fantry, an independent company, one company for the Forty-fourth Ohio Infan ■ and one for the Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry. August 23, the first throe cc- panics, numbering in the aggregate 200 men, marched to Camp Corwin. Augij 26, General Order No. 1 was issued, and military duty began. September ?.. • Dayton Cavalry Company was ordered to Camp Corwin. The next two mom were devoted to drilling and organization. Saturday, October 12, notice \$ received that the Government could not supply the regiment with blankets. . meeting was Called at once, and on Monday 1,000 blankets, besides shirts, soc . etc., were distributed to the men. Thus nobly did the patriotic people respond) the call for aid. October 31, at 8:30 A. M., the regiment marched in from Cad Corwin and boarded the train at the Union depot. They were a fine body of my four companies were from Dayton — Company B, 100 Dayton men ; Company . 80 Dayton men ; Company E. 60 Dayton men ; Company F, 100 Dayton men. The streets were crowded with people, who marched to the depot with 1 men, where wives, sisters, children and friends bade them a tearful farewell. Ca p Corwin was discontinued. August 7, recruiting commenced for a company • the Thirty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. As soon as a squad was accepted, it\s forwarded to the regimental camp at Hamilton, and assigned as Company H. i the company there were forty-five Dayton men. August 20, an office was opei l at the northeast corner of Ludlow and Third streets, to recruit a company for : Fourth Regiment Ohio Cavalry. September 20, the company went to Camp G- ley, where they 7 were mounted, equipped and drilled. November 23. the regnal moved to Camp Dennison, and to the front on December 6. The company ce tained about fifty Dayton men. August 20, an office was opened to recruit a ec- pany of sharpshooters that were afterward assigned to the Second Ohio Voh- teer Infantry. There was great delay in the organization. October lO, the comps ' left, forty of the men being from Dayton. They went to Camp Hamilton, thee to Missouri. August 22, recruiting was began for a company for the Second 0 - 1 Volunteer Infantry. About thirty Dayton men were received, who were for wan 1 to the regimental headquarters at Camp Dennison from whence the regiment, * soon as organized was moved to Kentucky 7 . September 12, the Citizens’ Relief Committee, that had been in active sen ; since the commencement of the war, held its final meeting, when the business vi HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 411 a ed over to the County Commissioners. September 19. an officers’ tent was ,j aed on the court house lot as a recruiting office for a company to join the 'l tv-fifth Indiana Regiment. Twenty recruits were secured the first day, and . ie latter part of November the company was moved to the headquarters of the nent in Indian^. There were about forty Dayton men. September 19. a waiting office was opened for the purpose of organizing a company for the cy-fourth Ohio Infantry. The regimental headquarters were at Springfield. , -ast as recruits were received, they were forwarded to that point. Within thirty ai the company was filled, there being about twenty-five men from Dayton. Immediately after the departure of the three months’ troops in April, 1801 . -nibia companies were formed. Each ward had its own company of “Home ird.” Then a company called the State Guard was formed by sixty of our ac prominent gentlemen over forty-five years of age. The remaining members flach of the three companies, that were assigned to the First Regiment, organ- si - what they called Company B of each of their companies. Members of ^Society of Turners formed themselves into the Dayton “ Yagers.” There e two cavalry companies and one of artillery. The Ohio Guard, Oregon Home i rd, the Dayton Grays were again revived. The Franklin In vinci bles, a com- ar of “ minute men, ’ the Dayton Forcibles, National Guard, the Union Reserve drd, Harrison Rangers, Slemmer Guard, McClellan Guard, and Franklin Zou- i v . The parades, drills, festivals and picnics of these companies kept the people >u sightseeing as a relief from the more exciting news from the army. A military committee for Montgomery County was appointed by the Governor, *c|>ber 15, 1861, and to it was giveu charge of recruiting and organization, and all otlr military matters, and control of affairs generally, so far as the interests of uGtate and Government were concerned. The names of the gentlemen who - 13 d on this committee are as follows : E. S. Young, Daniel A. Haynes, James t ier, T. A. Phillips, Henry Fowler, Robert W. Steele, Thomas J. S. Smith. J. like Stutsman, Thomas B. Tilton. The Seventy-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry a a recruiting office at Froslin Hall, while that of a company of sharpshooters f at Walden’s Hall, on East Fifth street. A squad of twenty-seven Dayton at left October 17, for Benton Barracks, Missouri, where they were assigned to in egiment of western sharpshooters. Twenty-three more men from Dayton joined ha in October and November, while the county at large and the counties adjoin- j'urnished men for the same company. December 12, at the regimental organ- 3£',on, they were assigned as Company G ; they were armed with American tar- 1 e ’ifles without bayonets, and equipped with bear-skin pouch, powder horn, j rrel tail cap, blue coat and blue pants. After a time spent in skirmishing in l ouri, the regiment was sent up the Cumberland River, thence to Pittsburg a iing. By order of the Secretary of War, the name of the regiment was higed, April 1, 1862, to the Fourteenth Missouri, and after the close of the aement around Corinth, Miss., in the fall of 1862, the Secretary of War issued a rder changing its name to the Sixty-sixth Illinois, which was retained through- ujthe war. The command saw active service, participating in the campaigns c i Tuscumbia Bridge. February 3, 1863, to Whiteside’s Farm, September 9, 1863. ' a anuary, 1864,470 of the men re-enlisted, going home for a thirty days' vet- 13 furlough on the 28th of that month. March 3, 1864, they re-organized at cat, III, and were sent forward to the army in time to participate in the great vi nta campaign, hav ing been assigned to the Second Division of the Sixteenth k)s, and afterward to the Fifteenth Corps. The regiment lost 225 men in killed, wended and missing in 120 days ; subsequently went with Sherman on his march oiie sea, and was with Hazen at the storming of Fort McAllister, near Savannah, wl a a line of supplies from the boats was opened up and the way of the victori- 'JUjUnion army was not longer disputed in that direction. The time of several 'Bubers of Company G expired December 18, 1864, and they returned to Dayton icy. before Savannah, Januar} 7 7, 1865. Those remaining were reviewed w’ith 112 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. their command by Gen. Sherman and others. Starting on the homeward mai from Raleigh, N. C., April 29. 1865, they arrived at Washington on the 24th May, and at that city participated in the grand review of Sherman’s army. ,Ji 3, they started for Louisville, Ky., where they arrived on the 7th, were mustei out, deposited the regimental colors at Springfield. 111., were paid, and returned their homes with all the honors of war upon them. During October, November and December, 1861, the military commit •collected by contribution from the citizens of Dayton and the country a large mi ber of blankets, shirts, socks, and other clothing to be sent to the soldiers in field. The Soldiers’ Aid Society at Dayton did their share of this good work, s continued their efforts through the winter, regularly sending supplies to tbe D ton boys in the field. Fairs and festivals were held and every means taken assure the comfort of the volunteers and their families. About December i, 18 the company raised for the Seventy-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry was sent Camp John McLean, near Cincinnati ; it contained twenty-five Dayton men. r \ regiment was organized December 18, 1861. and sent to West Virginia. The Adjutant General of Ohio urged the “instant, earnest and combiii efforts of officers, committees, and patriotic citizens in recruiting, thus to ena Ohio to send 35,000 more men to the army that was to operate against Nashv and New Orleans.’’ Within the months of November and December, 1861, i during the year 1862, many recruiting offices were opened in Dayton, and as ft as companies were organized they were forwarded to the following regiments order given. The Fifty-eighth, Sixty-ninth and Seventy-first Ohio Infantry. Eighth Ohio Battery, Sixty-first, Fifty-second, Eighty -fourth, Eighty-six Ninty-third, Fiftieth, One Hundred and Sixth, One Hundred and Eighth, f Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio Infantry, Second Ohio Cavalry, Sixty-third 0 Infantry, and the Seventeenth Ohio Battery. The company for the Fifty-eig: was recruited as a German company. In it were ninety-five Dayton men. T were sent to Camp Chase as fast as enlisted, where the regiment was organized ; drilled, and on February 11 sent to the field. Recruiting began Novembei 1861, for the Sixty-ninth Ohio. There seven Dayton men enlisted for Comp: •G, and sent to Camp Hamilton, where the regiment organized and was sent to field on the 19th of April. In November there were enlisted twelve men in D ton for the Seventy-first, then being organized at a camp near Troy, where t! remained until ordered, February 10, to Paducah. November 1, recruiting began for the Eighth Ohio Battery. By January thirty Dayton men had enlisted and been taken to camp at Troy, where they mained until in February, when they 7 were moved to Camp Dennison. The bait organized and received guns and complete equipment. March 22, they 7 were mo to Benton Barracks, Mo., thence to Pittsburg Landing. During the winter Sixty-first was organized at Carhp Chase. There were twenty Dayton men listed in the regiment. The rendezvous for the Fifty-second Ohio was at Caj[ Dennison. Recruiting was slow from May 15 to August 15, the date of the orgj ization of the regiment. August 25, at sunrise, they T left for Kentucky. In pi ing through Cincinnati, they were presented with beautiful regimental colors the citizens. There were twelve Dayton men in the regiment. Four Dayton b at Oxford College enlisted in the Eighty-sixth Ohio, a three months’ regini organized by Gov. Tod as part of a re-enforcement to be sent to Gen. Banks] the Shenandoah Valley. They were organized at Camp Chase, and sent to ffla • burg, W. Va., on the 6th of June, 1862. Twenty-six men were enlisted in on) the tents on the court house lot for three months’ service in the Eighty-foy Ohio Infantry. In July, the State had been divided into eleven military districts. Md gomerv County was included in the Fourth District. One of the regiments ty raised was the Ninety-third, to rendezvous at Camp Dayton (afterward located •the fair grounds at the lower end of Main street). Meetings were held in alj» HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 413 ii townships and in Dayton daring July and August, to assist in filling up the eluent. There were four Dayton companies — A, I, G and K. 200 of the men mi 1 , from Dayton. The aid societies again brought their efforts into requisition i he benefit of the volunteers and their families ; recruiting offices were opened Ants on the court house lot and in buildings in all parts of the city. The mil- tay spirit of the people was again aroused in response to the call for troops, hjjens’ committees were appointed in all the wards, and nightly meetings were e to aid the officers in filling the ranks. The streets were used for company tn squad drill. Monday morning, August 11, the companies began to assemble, ah during the week nine companies were in camp and regular military duty efin. Citizens from all over the district visited the camp, carrying supplies of [kinds to the soldiers. The young ladies of Dayton presented the regiment ,L a handsome stand of colors. The organization left by rail for Lexington* . on the afternoon of Saturday, August 23. The Fiftieth Ohio contained twenty Dayton men. and was recruited between •'(-ember, 1861, and August, 1862. It was at first intended to make it an Irish > nent. but the idea was finally abandoned, and the muster-in occurred at Camp Raison on the 27th of August, 1862. Fifteen Dayton men enlisted in the Seven- All Ohio Battery, which commenced recruiting in the city in August, 1862* vie of the nine tents on the court house lot, and on Sunday, August 24, were rued to Camp Dayton. A few days afterward, they were sent- to Cincinnati a equipped, and on the 3d of September were forwarded to the field. In .1 uly u August, the portion of a German company was recruited in Dayton for the Huudred and Sixth Ohio Infantry. In it there were fifteen Dayton men. I regiment was organized at Camp Dennison and sent to the field September 4. "1 One Hundred aud Eighth Ohio was also a German regiment. The recruiting Ine here was one of the tents on the court house lot. where forty-three men ■e enlisted for Company E. It was intended to organize the regiment at Camp 'tnison, but the Kirby Smith raid hurried them to Kentucky. In August, one of the tents at the court house was used to recruit a company oi he Second Ohio Cavalry. A battalion was organized at Camp Dennison, and -f iber 14, they were sent to Kentucky, serving in that State until the latter part fllarchf 1863. when the four companies joined the other eight companies of the Ament near Lexington. There were thirty-seven Dayton men in the regiment. IfflUigust, 1862, the military committee authorized the organization of a company Uv, was afterward assigned to the Sixty-third Ohio. First they went to Camp hm. then back of Covington, Ky., in the defense of Cincinnati against Kirby yh, and on the 5th of November joined the regiment near Grand Junction, Ls. There were twenty-five Dayton men in the company. Ten men were re-iited on the court house lot for the Eighty- fourth Ohio, but afterward, in De- ■•■ :>er. 1862, were assigned to the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio Volun- v- Infantry, then organizing at Camp Taj' lor. near Cleveland. January 1, 1863, ■4 regiment was ordered to the front. In August, 1862. a new company was lelled for the old Eleventh Ohio Infantry. In one of the tents at the court house Suiting lists were opened, and a number of men enlisted for that splendid regi- 1 1. Dayton furnished twenty of the new men, and they were assigned as Com- l )f y I- Thus ended recruiting for the year 1862. Through the fall, several companies from this and other counties were at fP Dayton. An effort was made to organize the One Huudred and Twelfth II > Volunteer Infantry, but failed. City and county bonds were issued in large r unts to raise money for soldiers and their families. Soldiers passing to the r excitement was occasioned by the report that there was a party of rebel >’ i in town that day. A squad of ten mounted men was started in pursuit, . w north on the Covington pike, thence west to Euphemia, near which place pies were captured and taken to Richmond. Ind. , and turned over to the r 'ost Marshal. Four companies of infantry were then at Camp Dayton, which had been lited for the One Hundred and Twelfth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and on rat :2th of September, three of these companies were ordered to Camp Shaler, n miles south of Covington, Ky., where they remained until the 2d of Octo- On the latter date, they returned to Camp Dayton, and were afterward *;ned to the Sixty- third Ohio Volunteer Infantry. On the 1st of Septem- u 1862, a draft was ordered to fill the quotas of the respective counties, but is postponed to the 16th. The number required from each township and a l was sent to the Draft Commissioners by the Governor on the 12th of Sep- ■ l >er, the list being as follows : Madison Township, 62; Jefferson, 64; Jack- 179; Perry. 66; Clay, 54; Randolph, 63; Wayne. 23; Butler, 44; Wash- i for the purpose of sawing on the wood brought in for soldiers’ families, he clubs were formed into a regiment, and they marched by companies 'rough the streets, bearing their saws, bucks and axes, and whenever a le of wood was found at a soldier’s door, it '"as speedily worked up ready f the stove. A grand “bazar” was opened in the Beckel House on the ‘jening of December 23, 1863, and continued until the night of -January 1864. It was arranged by committees from the numerous Soldiers’ Aid So- fties of the city, and donations came from all directions. It was a complete ccess, the net proceeds amounting to about $20,000. During the first four months of 1864, most of the regiments in which Day- n men had enlisted were re-enlisted as veterans for three years longer, and pre returned to their homes on a thirty-days’ furlough. Heartily were they I 422 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. welcomed by friends and family; the people all treated them with the respect they deserved, and the boys greatly enjoyed the rest and relief from camp duty The members of the different companies took advantage of the efforts of tht citizens to enlist men enough to free the city from the draft, and tried to se cure the recruits for their own regiments. In this way there were about eight) Dayton men enlisted for old regiments and taken to the front. As the spring opened, it became apparent to all that the crisis of the war was approaching The great number of men in the field, and the President's call for more, was ; serious matter by reason of the great financial strain, as well as taking an ad ditional number of men from every community. In Dayton, the fear of thi draft and a desire to aid the Government caused the renewal of the efforts oi the previous year to recruit men for the army. Large bounties were offered Wards and townships placed their money in the hands of brokers, to be usee anywhere to secure men to be credited to them. Many who were not liable t( military duty, by reason of old age or other physical disability, had men en listed to represent them in the war. May 11, the draft occurred. The who! county was clear except the First Ward and Mad River Township. In thi former there were twenty-four drafted, and in the latter twenty-one. Refort the men were ordered to re port, the ward had secured men enough to f ree.it self, and Dayton had once more sent her quota to the front. The recruiting agents were generally located at or near the “ Ohio Block. ” on Third street just west of the canal, where the Provost Marshal had his office, and where thi terrible draft machine was kept. Men from Dayton, by the 1st of May, .1864, were with Grant before Kick mond, Sherman in Georgia, Crook in the mountains of West Virginia., Hante in the Shenandoah Valley, Banks in the Red River region at Knoxville Charleston Harbor and in Florida. Great anxiety was manifested by all a home, for from the front came news of serious casualties almost every day, ant the battle-scarred remains of gallant soldiers were often sent home for burial The papers were eagerly scanned for news. With fear and trembling, the de tails of every battle were sought for. The true history of the woe in the lam can never be told. The grief of a family but added to the anxiety of th neighbors. The call for the 100-days men was a genuine sensation. Our merchants manufacturers, lawyers, doctors, preachers, bankers and farmers had organize! companies of Home Guards,” that were assigned to State regiments of militia April 25, these companies and regiments were ordered out by Gov. Brough fo 100 days’ service in the Union army. This call caused many hardships am much suffering, but the prompt response of the men showed that they ha learned the most valuable lesson to the soldier — obedience to orders. May 2 the Dayton companies, with the other companies from the townships composin. the Second Regiment, and several companies of the Twelfth Regiment Oki< Militia, assembled at “ Camp Lowe,” at the lower end of Main street. May 4 they were furloughed until the 10th, when they ag-ain assembled, and wer regularly mustered into the United States service. When the companies fror the townships came through the city on their way to camp, they wei’e accom panied by their wives and families, sweethearts and friends, in carriages, wag ons, horseback and on foot. They, with our townspeople, formed a large ee eort for the boys from the camp through the town and back to the depot, H companies were taken by rail to Camp Chase, where the two battalions wer consolidated, forming the One Hundred and Thirty-first Regiment Ohio N; tional Guard. The four Dayton companies were assigned as A, B, C and I amounting in the aggregate to 365 Dayton men. May 15, the regiment ws ordered to Baltimore for garrison duty in the United States forts near the city HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 423 vere they remained until August 19, when they returned to Camp Chase and . re mustered out August 25. About twenty of the colored citizens of Dayton enlisted, but were scattered the regiments of other States. They served principally in Charleston Har- b • and before Petersburg and Richmond, and on their record as soldiers there ao stain. The First Regiment of United States Veteran Volunteer Engi- srs was organized early in September, 1864, from the pioneer brigade, the in of the latter having expired. This regiment consisted of three battalions- m ose post was at the front, where they were engaged as pioneers and ponton- ih, building fortifications, bridges, etc. Eighteen Dayton men enlisted i September, 1864, at the “ Ohio Block ” for a term of one year. They were . en to Camp Chase and assigned to Company K, One Hundred and Seventy - ith Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Their regiment reached Nashville on the 8th October, and was assigned to the Second Brigade, Fourth Division, Twen h Army Corps, participating in the battle at Nashville December 15 and 16, 4 remaining on duty at that point until discharged, June 18, 1865. Means for escaping a draft were devised after the President’s call for 500, - ill) men in July, 1864, but, after strenuous efforts, four of the wards of Day- ... and four of the townships failed to fill, and the following draft was made louble the number required, but so ordered that a sufficient number of men : the front should be insured: First Ward, Dayton, 48 :nen; Fourth Ward, Fifth Ward, 86; Sixth Ward, 76; Miami Township, 94; German Town- ,i p, 50; Mad River Township, 52; Harrison Township, 54. Some of the most prominent men of the town were in the list. However, mey enough was raised after the draft to send agents to the large cities, vere enough substitutes were enlisted to clear the county. From the time : a call was issued until the day of the draft, it is estimated that about ninety I yton men were enlisted and sent to the field. In October, $800 had been raised to buy a small cannon, with which to a ist in the celebration of Union victories. A committee purchased the little s;el gun now in use, paying for it $160. It was first used in firing a salute the levee, Monday evening. September 14, 1864, by the veterans of the Bret Ohio (Jackass) Battery. At that time, the gun was called “Uncle Joe.” 1 e different aid societies were constantly busy preparing and forwarding sup- I es to the army and to the Sanitary Commission. In November, a special 1 was made upon Dayton for lint and bandages. A meeting was called for iiday evening, November 18. Soliciting committees were appointed, that vre active through the whole winter in soliciting such supplies. Immense ‘ antities were sent to the designated places, not only by the regular societies, It by individuals and clubs of young people. The Governor, by proclamation, - apart Saturday, November 26, as a day for contributions to the fund for the ' ief of soldiers' families. Dayton responded wfith a subscription of $10,000, 1 quantities of provisions and other supplies. The townships each raised t >ney, fuel and produce as their share toward the comfort of our soldiers’ Indies. Thus again did our people nobly fulfill their pledges. December 21, another call was issued for 300,000 troops, of which Ohio hs to furnish ten regiments. The quota of Montgomery County was 598; of •jiyton, 200. Recruiting at once began in earnest. People of all classes were ■ terested, from patriotic motives, as it was well understood that the rebellion j ls on its last legs: Sherman's march to the sea, Thomas at Nashville, Sher- in in the Shenandoah Valley, Grant at Richmond and Foster in South Caro- ia, had demonstrated that the end was near. Men were recruited in Dayton r five of the new one-year regiments; the One Hundred and Eighty-fourth, men; the One Hundred and Eightv-sixth, 5 men; the One Hundred and 424 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Eighty-seventh, 10 men; One Hundred' and Eighty-eighth, 5 men; Company K, One Hundred and Eightv-ninth, 25 men. These regiments were all organ ized at Camp Chase, within the first five days of March, 1865, and were sent, immediately to Nashville. Recruiting was continued in Dayton. Large bounties were offered. Men were allowed to choose their regiments, and en list for either one, two or three years. With these inducements, many of the returned soldiers re-enlisted, and it is estimated that about one hundred were recruited iu this way and sent to the different Ohio regiments in the field. Thursday, March 30, the draft came off in the wards and townships that had not filled their quotas, as follows: First Ward, 29; Fifth Ward, 33; Sixth Ward, 28: Madison Township, 1; Miami Township, 2; Harrison Town- ship, 1. The Fourth Ward was six short, and Mad River Township ten short, but! no draft occurred until April 11 for those two districts, as they had promised to fill their quotas; but on that day, the wheel was turned for the number stated above. The war was so near at an end that all the conscripts were good-na- tured about it, and stood out in the rain before the Provost Marshal’s office while the wheel was being turned, and joked each man as his name was called On Sunday, February 5, a train of sixteen empty cars, with 130 citizens wkoi had volunteered, went to Brookville to load and bring in 100 cords of wood that had been bought by the Relief Committee for soldiers’ families. A like trip was made in March. The news of the occupation of Charleston by the Fnion forces arrived appropriately, on the 22d of February, 1865, and on the 3d of April, the watchman, waiting with bated breath, caught the murmur from afar that Richmond had fallen, and rang the glad tidings forth upon the air, even as the bellman of 1776 announced, through the brazeB tones of his bell, that thitjj was declared a land of liberty. People rushed through the streets like mad. shaking hands, shouting, singing, and throwing up their hats; flags were hung out. cannons roared and the bells were ringing; a processiotr was formed, and. with a band at the head, marched through the streets rejoicing. Sunday nighi. April 9, the glorious news of the surrender of Lee and the collapse of the Con- federacy spread through the city like wildfire. Citizens dressed hastily and marched the streets all night, singing patriotic songs and congratulating every- body. Private houses were thrown open, impromptu serenades were gotten up.j the air was full of shouts of rejoicing, and above all was heard the ringing of bells and firing of cannons. A jubilee was arranged for Friday, April 14. All business was suspended. The town was given up to rejoicing, and in the evening, after the national salute by the artillery, there were fireworks and speeches at the court house. The city was gayly illuminated, and the demon- stration did not subside till after midnight. The morning of the 15th, all was changed to mourning. Like a thunder- bolt came the news of the assassination of President Lincoln. All was given:' up to grief over the national calamity; business was entirely suspended; the streets were filled with anxious groups, who slowly gathered at the court house, as if for strength to bear the blow; private houses and public buildings were clothed with emblems of mourning, and flags were hung at half mast. April 19, religious services were held in all of the churches, and business was en- tirely suspended throughout the city from 10 A. M. to 2 P. M. All the church and fire bells were tolled at mid-day. A committee of 100 citizens was appoint- ed to meet the remains of the President at Columbus, and. as representatives of Dayton, participate in the obsequies. The following is a summary, by companies and regiments, of the men en- listed at Dayton in the United States service from 1861 to 1865: HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. THREE MONTHS’ ENLISTMENTS. First Ohio Inf au try — La Fayette Guard 85 First Ohio Infantry — Dayton Light Guard 70 First Ohio Infantry — Montgomery Guard 85 Eleventh Ohio Infantry — Dayton Riflemen 100 Eleventh Ohio Infantry — Anderson Guard 55 Twenty-fourth Ohio Infantry — Buckeye Guard 87 Eighty -fourth Ohio Infantry, summer of 1862 26 Eighty-sixth Ohio Infantry, summer of 1862 4 Total three months’ men 512 srx MONTHS' ENLISTMENTS. Fourth Ohio Independent Cavalry Battalion 90 ONE YEAR ENLISTMENTS. One Hundred and Seventy -Ninth Ohio Infantry, Company K 18 One Hundred and Eighty -fourth Ohio Infantry 6 One Hundred and Eighty-sixth Ohio Infantry 5 One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Ohio Infantry 10 One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Ohio Infantry 5 One Hundred and Eighty-ninth Ohio Infantry, Company K 25 Enlisted during excitement prior to draft of March 30, 1865 100 Drafted March 30, 1885, and entered service 40 Total one year men 209 THREE YEARS’ ENLISTMEETS. Twenty-fourth Ohio Infantry 50 Eleventh Ohio Infantry, Company A 70 Eleventh Ohio Infantry, Company 1 20 Twelfth Ohio Infantry, Company 1 25 Enlisted by United States recruiting officers for infantry service, reg- ular army 80 First Ohio Infantry, Company B 100 First Ohio Infantry, Company C 80 First Ohio Infantry, Company E 60 First Ohio Infantry, Company F 100 Thirty-fifth Ohio Infantry, Company II.. . 45 Twenty-second Ohio Infantry 40 Second Ohio Infantry 30 Thirty-fifth Indiana Infantry 40 Forty -fourth Ohio Infantry... 25 Sixty-sixth Illinois Infantry 50 Seventy-fifth Ohio Infantry 25 Fifty-eighth Ohio Infantry, Company A 95 Sixty-ninth Ohio Infantry, Company G 7 Seventy-first Ohio Infantry 12 Sixty-first Ohio Infantry.... 20 Fifty-second Ohio Infantry 1 12 Ninety-third Ohio Infantry, Companies A, I, G, K 200 Fiftieth Ohio Infantry 20 One Hundred and Sixth Ohio Infantry 15 One Hundred and Eighth Ohio Infantry, Company E 43 Sixty -third Ohio Infantry 1 25 One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio Infantry 10 Recruited for various regiments, including substitutes, during excite- ment of the draft that occurred October 1, 1862 25 One Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio Infantry 22 Tenth Tennessee Infantry 7 First Regiment Ohio Heavy Artillery, Company K (served as infantry) 60 Second Ohio Heavy Artillery Company C (served as infantry) 11 Recruited from various regiments during excitement prior to draft of May 11, 1884 80 One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Ohio Infantry 10 After the draft, to clear First Ward 5 Colored enlistments at various times 20 First United States Veteran Volunteer Engineer Corps 20 Recruited for various regiments during excitement prior to draft of May 11. 1864 90 426 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Enlisted in other Ohio regiments of infantry 45 Enlisted in the United States Navy 45 First Ohio Independent Battery 21) Eighth Ohio Independent Battery SO Seventeenth Ohio Independent Battery 45 Enlisted in other Ohio batteries 40 Fourth Regiment Ohio Cavalry 50 Second Regiment Ohio Cavalry 37 Twelfth Regiment Ohio Cavalry 5 Enlisted in other Ohio cavalry regiments 43 Total three years’ troojjs ' 44333 SPECIAL CALLS IN EMERGENCIES. Zouave Rangers, State Guard — 1861 50 Squirrel Hunters (Kirby Smith raid)— 1862 830 Morgan raid — 1863 240 Ohio National Guard (100-days’ men) — 1864 365 Total militia service 985 RECAPITULATION . Three months’ enlistments 5115 Six months’ enlistments 90 One year enlistments 209 Three years’ troops. 1888 Total number of Dayton men enlisted in the United States service during the war of the rebellion. 2699 1 Under special calls of the State : 985 EVENTS IN MILITARY CIRCLES SINCE 1865. Within a year after the close of the war, nearly all the Dayton soldie: had been discharged, returned to their homes, and had taken up again tl peaceful avocations which they had relinquished at the call to arms. In tl month of August, 1878, it was estimated that about one thousand honorabi discharged Union soldiers were residing in the city of Dayton, not to mer tion those whose homes were in various localities throughout the county In October, 1866, King Encampment, Post No. 20, Grand Army of tl Republic, was organized in Dayton. The post had 308 members. All wei eligible who had served in the Union army or navy during the rebellion, ar who had an honorable discharge therefrom. In February, 1867, Allen Ej campment. Post No. 152, was organized, and shortly afterward the Germa Post, No. 67, Dister Encampment, was organized. In 1868, there were 1,0( members of the Grand Army of the Republic living in Dayton. Active, at with the best interest of the soldiers at heart, great good was accomplish! for the order and for the widows and orphans of deceased soldiers. Conspici ous among- the good works was the influence exerted toward the establiahmej of the Ohio Soldiers’ and Soldiers’ Orphans’ Home at Xenia. In Februar 1868, a week’ s entertainment was provided, under the auspices of the Gran, Army of the Republic, at Music Hall, consisting of military tableaux and tl ‘ ‘ Drummer Boy ” allegory. The whole people were at once interested ; cvom attended nightly. Scenes at the music stores, where tickets were on sale, we without a parallel. People crowded in masses to get tickets; the rush was great as to overturn counters and break show-cases. Hundreds were turned aw; from the exhibitions for the want of even standing room. So great was the ja that it became necessary to dismiss the audience with military precision j avoid crushing people to death. The piece was presented with excellent eflei by 200 of our veterans, who had been in real conflict. The audience was fa cinated with the thrilling scenes from the battle-field, and moved to tears i o 1 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 427 s apathy. The committee arranged for a sham battle upon the streets for the 1 1 day of the exhibition, Saturday, April 30. The forces were divided as f lows: The Union army being represented by three companies of infantry, aiattery and small escort of cavalry, the commanding General, with a brill ,t staff, all being in regular United States uniform. The rebel side con ted of two companies of infantry, two twelve-pounders, a squad of cavalry, t , General and his staff, all wearing the Confederate gray. The general plan the battle was that the rebels should be driven in general retreat through the cy, but the boisterous sympathy of the crowd for the Union side so excited t, combatants that it was difficult to control them sufficiently to follow the p ,n as agreed upon. For instance, when they reached the point where the b.tery was to be captured, the “ rebs ” fought desperately and refused to obey ir officers by giving up the guns. Early in the morning of the day announced for the fight to come off', the g sets began to fill up with our own people and strangers from the surround- ir country and towns. The streets and sidewalks were quickly filled; awn- ;;s and sign-posts were covered with men and boys; every available window 1 door was occupied, and the roofs of the houses covered with people. It v; the most captivating entertainment ever provided for the public. Main si set was a grand sight, as the mass of people crowded to see the rebel force a they marched from the river bridge to the tune of Dixie ” down to attack til Union forces in camp at the canal bridge. Skirmishers were thrown out, pjkets driven in, re-enforcements arrived, the sharp roll of musketry and roar o: fie artillery was evidence that the battle was on. They fought with vary- ii success up Main to Third street, where, after a hot little brush, the “ John- rs” captured the Union colors. Could the people stand that ? Not much. 1 3 women screamed and rushed with the men to aid in the recapture; and it Wi with difficulty that they were convinced that it was a part of the play, and wild be retaken at the canal bridge, and they followed, determined that it si uld be done. The Union boys were cheered to the echo. The crowd would r< )ice and shout with them at every advantage gained, and regret every re- J 30. In fact, they followed the rear guard, ready to aid at the front if the si my pressed the soldiers too hard. The rebels continued the retreat out Tjrd to Wayne, then to Fifth, then to Main, halting near the court house, wore a truce was declared, and coffee and “ grub ” served to both sides, and 1 street show ended. Then came the great rush of men, women and children t( he hall, where the matinee was to be held. Every seat was filled, and all si lading room occupied. The doors were closed, and as many were sent away r die number that gained admittance. It was a day long to be remembered. May 30 was designated by the Grand Commander of the National En- •; iprnent of the Grand Ai’my of the Republic to be celebrated each year by 1 decoration and strewing of flowers on the graves of deceased Union sol- i Jrs. Soldiers and citizens all over the land promptly responded to the sen- i ent, and, by common consent and practice, it is to all intent a national triday. Here in Dayton, each year, all join in the patriotic duty of doing l i or to the noble dead; flowei's are gathered by all classes; friends and rela- y's of the dead soldiers unite in the beautiful cei’emony. Surviving comrades ?j-rd with zealous care the record of service of the fallen messmate, and an- the appeal of the widow and orphan. Of the organizations in which were representatives from the county of Mntgomery, two in particular had large numbers, and these were the First at the Ninety-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry. The number in each will be su by reference to the preceding table. The experience of these two regi mats while in ihe field was similar in many respects, and the ground over 428 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. which they traveled and fought was nearly the same, except that the Fin served its first term of enlistment -three months — with the Eastern army, brief synopsis of the movements of the two commands during their three-years service is here given, from Reid’s “ Ohio in the War.’’ The First Regiment was organized for the three-years’ service betwee August and October. 1861, at Camp Corwin, near Dayton. On the 31st oi' th latter month, it departed for Cincinnati, where, on the 4th of November, received its arms. Proceeding to Louisville on the 5th, it moved from tiiei on the 8th to West Point, at the mouth of Salt River, and was soon after br gaded with the First Kentucky, Sixth Indiana, First Battalion Fifteen! United States Infantry, and battalions of the Sixteenth and Nineteenth Ii fantry, forming the Fourth Brigade, Second Division. At Munfordsville, Ky the regiment looked for the first time on the serious side of war, although ac engaged. Several wounded men from another regiment which had been in tl fight were brought in, and the men realized to what scenes they must becom i n ured before their term of service was over. Not long after — April 7, 1862 they met the foe in deadly earnest at Shiloh, the regiment being then cori manded by Col. B. F. Smith, of the regular army. Later, it was under Gei A. M. McCook; with Buell in the hot race to reach Louisville ahead of Brag* in September, 1862; in the battle of Perryville, October 11, 1862; and, iate i the year, was assigned to the Second Division, Fourteenth Corps, Army of tl Cumberland, with (ten. J. W. Sill commanding the division. The regime] saw hot service at the memorable battle of Stone River, beginning Decombc 81, 1862, and on the re-organization of the army, in January, 1868, was place in the Second Division of the Twentieth Army Corps. It participated in m merous engagements, great and small, in Tennessee, Georgi a and Alabama including that at Chattanooga in the fall of 1863. About the 20th of October when the Foru’th Corps was consolidated with the Twentieth, the regiment w; brigaded, with others, under Gen. Hazen, in the Third Division of the conso! idated coi'ps. It was engaged at Orchard Knob, Mission Ridge (where it lof five color-bearers), in the East Tennessee and Atlanta campaigns, and, soo after the Kenesaw Mountain fight, in 1864, began to be mustered out by con panies, the last one being mustered out October 14, 1864. The regiment ha been in twenty-four battles and skirmishes, and had 527 officers and men kille and wounded. Its first fight and its last were severe ones — Pittsburg Bandit) and Atlanta — and it saw little but hard service during its entire term of eij listment. It marched about 2,500 miles, and was transported by rad an steamer 950 miles, making the total distance traversed during the three yea) 3,450 miles. The Ninety-third Regiment, when it left Dayton, had a numerical strengt of 39 officers and 929 men. It proceeded to Lexington, Ky., thence to Loni. ville, at which latter place it was assigned to the Fifth Brigade, McCook division, and, on arriving at Frankfort, to the Third Brigade, Second Divisioi of McCook’s command. Moving with the army to Nashville, Tenn., it was, ) December, 1862, while on duty guarding a forage train, attacked by rebels, an, in this, its first engagement, lost one man killed and three wounded. Tl] regiment suffered severely at Stone River, and afterward (September. ISttfi . Chickamauga, where it performed gallant service. In October, 1863, the res iment was assigned to the Second Brigade (TIazen’s), Third Division ( Wood’s Fourth Army Corps. It participated in the Orchard Knob fight November 23 1863, having six men shot down while carrying the regimental colors, amor, them Maj. William Birch, who was commanding the regiment. Its losses wei heavy also in the following battle of Mission Ridge, which engagement w; pictured for the world in the masterly language of Benjamin F. Taylor, tha JEFFERSON, TP. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 433 JL m none but Victor Hugo ever wrote of such scenes more true to life, if e in that be possible. At one time during the winter of 1863-64, the regiment VI become so greatly reduced that it could only muster four officers and ninety Vn for duty. It bore a part in the East Tennessee campaign with Burnside, gilferimg considerably; in the Atlanta campaign, during which it met with hVvy losses at Resaca, Adairsville, Dallas, etc., losing in the latter fight pity-eight killed and wounded. July 4, 1864, it was on the extreme left of 'Orman’s army, connected on the flank with the cavalry. In October, 1864, (moved back to Tennessee, and was held in reserve through the fight at F.mklin, on the 30th of November. December 16, in one of the engagements wh the rebel Gen. Hood, near Nashville, the regiment went in with ninety i£ 2 , and lost four killed and twenty-one wounded. In the spring of 1865, it vat again into East Tennessee, thence over the mountains near to Ashville, VO., and returned to Nashville about the 1st of May. The regiment was Altered out of the service at Camp Hai'ker. near Nashville, June 8, 1865, and wceeded to Camp Dennison, near Cincinnati, where the men were paid and lbharged on the 14th of the same month. Before its muster-out, 8 officers at. 241 men had been discharged for disability; 4 officers and 204 men were aounted for as “died of disease, wounds and killed in action:” 252 men ve wounded once, 30 twice, and 8 three times. Upon the record of this reg- ent are tales of noble exertions at Stone River, Chickamauga. Brown’s Ferry, llhard Knob, Mission Ridge, Resaca, Kenesaw, Atlanta, Jonesboro. Lovejoy's Vjtion, Franklin and Nashville. Soon after the close of the war, the survivors Vhe regiment organized a re -uni on association, which has been continued to 1 present time. After the close of the war, the large militia force of Ohio was discontin- ue The Dayton companies were disbanded with the rest. There were no id ones formed until the organization of the Dayton Zouaves, in 1869. The nue of the company was afterward changed to the “Harries Guard.” In 85, the Dayton Light Guard and the Emmet Guard were organized. The ape companies were sworn into the State service, and were assigned as Corn- ties A, B and C of the Fourth Regiment Ohio Militia, with the regimental jclquarters at Dayton. During the great railroad strike in the summer of 47, the three companies were ordered to Columbus and Newark, Ohio, where ip were on guard for several weeks, acquitti ng themselves with credit. They a armed by the State with the finest breech-loading rifles, and their uniforms ujhandsome as well as serviceable, consisting of a dress suit, fatigue suit and • te pants. Captains of companies, in ordering out their commands, usually k gnate the clothes to be worn, and it does not sound altogether military to -e published at the end of an order, “ white pants.” On one occasion, when t 'as desired that the three companies should turn out, it was gravely an- ipiced that one of them could not do so, as they had not yet received their xtpons from New York. At another time, an order that had been issued for pite pants” was suddenly countermanded when it looked like rain. In 1877, the Fifth Ohio (four- gun) Batteiy was organized in Dayton, un- kj the militia law, and re-organized in August, 1878. The guns are Napo- eis — three six and one twelve pounder. The law requires that the militia shall go into camp at least four days " i year. Camp King was established August 21, in a beautiful grove about Hjinile from Carrollton Station, on the west side of the river, and about two Enas from Miamisburg. The parade and drill ground was a clover-fieid ad- lo.ing the woods on the north side. There were 100 wall tents pitched, in am the north, and being but recently constructed. Both roads afford ample ipilties for reaching the Home, and are well patronized, paying institutions; ' t the Home Avenue Road, being the older one, we will start from its depot i| our description of this beautiful tribute to the Nation's defenders. On 438 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY". reaching the Home, the visitor alights at a handsome depot, constructed in tfo Gothic style of architecture, with balconies on each side, supplied with com fortable seats. The interior is fitted up with counter and refreshment tables and attended by veterans of the Home. To the right is a commodious bote] erected in 1878, and paid for by the institution itself; where visitors will fin< good, comfortable accommodations at reasonable prices. Passing through th< rear entrance of the depot, we reach, by means of rough-hewn stone steps, i broad and sloping avenue, and proceeding farther on arrive at an open space from where a magnificent picture presents itself to the view. At the right i a beautiful flagstaff, with the starry banner unfurled to the breezes of heaven The siege guns and mortars, with pyramids of shot and shell (the gift of a lov ing Government), and a battery in position as in battle, fill the thoughtfu beholder with thrilling memories. Standing almost directly in front is the Headquarters Building located on the main avenue, an imposing brick structure 130x41 feel three stories, the third being a mansard, surrounded by broad veranda that completely embrace the building, the first story of which is usei for the offices of the Governor, Treasurer and Secretary of the Home. Th second and third stories are used for a library and reading room, is 104x4 feet, and nineteen feet from floor to ceiling, lighted by ten windows each oi the north and south sides, making it light, airy and cheerful, while at night cone reflector sheds its brilliant rays over all. This room contains the notei “Putnam Library,” contributed by Mrs. Mary Lowell Putnam, of Boston Mass., as a memorial of her son, William Lowell Putnam, who fell at the feat tie of Ball’s Bluff. This library now contains 5,000 volumes of well-selected and valuable books. At the opposite end of the room is the “ Thomas Library, containing some 7,000 volumes, contributed by the old soldiers and admirer of the lamented Gen. George H. Thomas, and named in his honor. Beside the books, there are regularly received most of the leading magazines, reviews etc. , and some 300 daily and weekly newspapers. The formal opening of thi library took place in April. 1871. The room is large and beautiful, the ceiling handsomely frescoed, the walls hung with several hundred pictures, while strewi around the walls on tables and in cases are exhibited many interesting relics c the great battles of the war. Upon leaving the library, and looking to the right, the beautifn “ Memorial Hall” and Home Church is in full view; and beyond, on i knoll, shaded by forest trees, stands the Chaplain’s residence. Stil farther to the right the magnificent and commodious hospital charms the be holder; and a little farther on the neat cottage of the Resident Surgeon, sui' rounded by a lovely lawn, completes the picture in that direction. As we lool to the northwestward, we behold the Soldier’s Monument, rising from a hili-to in the distance, which marks the place where the heroes sleep. Keeping th same position, we now turn to the left and observe a rustic arbor, the springe the flower garden, the fountain, the conservatory and the lakes, upon whici are numerous swans and other water fowl; and still letting the eye sweep on ward, we behold the rustic bridges, the beautiful groves of forest trees, th deer park, with more than fifty deer, elk, antelopes, buffaloes, etc..; the \eterai Spring, the Governor’s residence, embowered in trees and flowers, the res; dences of the Treasurer, the Secretary and the Steward, all located on the boi ders of the grove. To the west is the long line of neat and comfortable bar racks where 4, 000 veterans rest from the fight; the large and comfortable dininj hall, kitchen, bakery, laundry, workshops, the Home store -building, the Quar termaster and Commissary store- building, the tasteful band pagoda, surrounded by a charming lawn, while the whole grounds are interspersed with broad HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 439 ,vl paved avenues and shaded paths, combining to make this splendid pic- :ne complete. Strolling beyond the woods and immediate confines of the ititution, we come to the farmer’s residence, the vegetable garden, the barn, } stable and the well-fed stock that graze upon the broad acres of the 9me farm. From the Headquarters Building, which we have already de- ■ubed, we will now go on to give a brief description of the principal build- t s of the Home. MEMORIAL HALL. The first “ Memorial Hall ” was built without cost to the Government, the they coming from the disabled veterans themselves, through what is called y “store and posthumous fund." It was a large, splendid brick building, ij)x75 feet, and sixty-five feet high, designed for all classes of literary, jmatic and musical entertainments, military drills, etc. It was erected in ‘8, and destroyed by fire in May, 18S0. Congress soon afterward made an aropriation of $30,000 toward replacing it, and in October, 1S81, the new isl was finished, and opened during the winter of 1881 and 1882. It is a ■gni Scent structure, with a seating capacity of 1,600 beautifully painted and :ncoed, and possessing all the latest improvements in hall architecture. We ii.bt if there is a hall in the Union that surpasses it, in comfort, elegance, gustic properties, beauty of design and finish. The stage is fitted up with jJutiful scenery and all other appliances sufficient to produce any piece per- ■ fned at first-class places of amusement. THE CHURCH. This is a fine Gothic structure, built of stone, eighty-nine feet long by fifty- r wide with beautiful windows of stained glass. In the tower is a large clock Oh the dial visible from all parts of the Home; also a large clear-toned bell, sip from brass cannon, captured from the enemy during the war of the rebellion. Tp auditorium is handsomely frescoed and furnished, and will comfortably sG nearly 1,000 persons. The national colors are draped across the ceil- ujj, while back of the pulpit near the ceiling is the seal of the institution ’■’Ought in stained glass, with the inscription “ The Nation to her Defenders.” die the Rev. William Earhshaw, who is chaplain, holds services every Sun- ! attendance is entirely voluntary, and the church is equally open and free ill denominations. The basement of the church, now fitted up for a Oath- J ; chapel, was formerly used each evening by one of the associations of Home, among which are the “ Grand Army of the Republic,” “ Good Tem- rs,” “ Hibernian Society,” “ German Yeteran Society,” etc. The view of tip church, as we saw it one beautiful summer evening with the creeping ivy ‘ ering its walls, will not soon be forgotten, as it was one of the most charm- i sights it has ever been our good fortune to behold. THE HOSPITAL. ■ This is the largest single building of the Home, is built of brick, three sries high, with basement and rear building for kitchen, dining-room, etc. e main structure is 293 feet long, composed of a center or administration .lding 41x131, and two wings for wards for the sick, each of the six vrds being 101x28, with two rooms in the tower, twelve feet square, Cached to each wai’d and fitted up for bath-room, water-closets, etc. The ' rds are perfectly ventilated and heated, and are beautifully furnished , uh everything which could possibly add to the comfort of the patients. The Elding stands immediately north of the church on an open ground a little plining from the latter. The position, though somewhat lower, is conspicu- :s and convenient, and Mr. Gunckel did not fall into the error of hiding the 440 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. hospital in some obscure place. Approaching from the main entrance to thi grounds, it stands the first important edifice of the Home. It is the prominen object. The building cost over $200,000, accommodates 300 patients, and i believed to be one of the best-constructed, best- furnished and best-kept hospital in the country. CEMETERY AND MONUMENT. More than 2,100 of the disabled veterans who were residents of the Centra Home since its establishment, have died and been buried with military honor in the beautiful grove, west of the Hospital, which has been tastefully laid ou for a cemetery. Their comrades desiring to manifest their respect and love i'o these fallen heroes, have erected to their memory a beautiful monument of pur white marble, fifty feet high, and surmounted with a splendid figure of a pri vate soldier. It was unveiled on the 12th day of September, 1877, by tin President of the United States, with grand ceremonies and in the presence o 25,000 people. On the pedestal are the words, “ To our fallen Comrades,’ and “ These were honorable men in their generation. ” On the base are fon figures, representing the four arms of the service, viz., Artillery, Infantry Cavalry and Navy. These figures were carved in Italy, at great expense The base is surrounded by tablets, on which are engraved the names o all the veterans who are buried in the cemetery. The entire cost of this beau tiful monument was $16,000, each veteran voluntarily paying $1 toward it erection, which was in charge of the “ Monumental and Historical Society ” o the Home. Rev. William Earnshaw has been President of this society si no its organization, and to his efforts much of the success attained is justly duc- Several donations helped on the worthy object, but it will ever stand as th tribute of the living veterans to their deceased brothers. DINING ROOM, KITCHEN AND OTHER BUILDINGS. It is no small matter to bake the bread and cook and serve the food fo 4,000 men, and no ordinary building will answer for all these purposes at tin Central Home; but the great structure immediately west of the frame barrack was specially designed to meet these requirements. All the baking, cookin; and serving is done by the veterans, and although the food is all of the bes quality, comprising an abundance of the best meats, vegetables, fruits, etc., thi average daily ration of each man for 1880 was only 16f cents. This buildin; is of brick, 97x131 feet, three stories high, and finished in first-class style, thi top story being a mansard The Central Home buildings comprise 140 ii number, and altogether make a pleasant looking city. The most of them wen designed for and are used as barracks, the older ones being of wood, iargeh constructed from lumber taken from “ Camp Chase. ’ ' They are large, three storied structures, 30x100 feet, with mansard roofs, and are uniform in sizi and appearance. The new barracks are of brick, three stories high, 34x141 feet, and the interiors of all are nicely furnished and supplied with everything necessary for the health and comfort of their occupants. All these building’ have large windows on four sides, with no partitions, affording perfect ventij lation and making them admirable for sitting and sleeping . apartments. Between each row of barracks is a wide, well-paved avenue, or a space of from fifty to sixty feet, laid out and kept as lawns. Many other large and substan tial buildings, some of fine and imposing appearance, and all tasteful and wel adapted to the purposes for which they are used, are scattered over the grounds South of the dining hall is a large brick building used exclusively for bathing and the men are not only furnished with hot or cold baths without price, but every man in the institution is required to take one bath each week. Just west of the bath-house is another large brick building, devoted wholly to the; HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 445 im laundry, at which the washing of all the men is done. West of this are h carpenter and cabinet shops, and near by are the workshops for the shoe l.ers, tailors, tinners, saddlers, blacksmiths, broom-makers, cigar-makers, lnbers, stocking-knitters, wagon-makers, painters, etc. Then there is a ! e , three-storied brick building for amusements. Upon the first floor are ling alleys; upon the second, billiard and bagatelle tables, and the third y used as the armory of the Brown Guard, a splendid volunteer military o pany, belonging to the Home, composed entirely of disabled veterans. '/ understand that this company has disbanded on account of the many re - : •dons thrown in its way by the present unpopular Governor of the Home, : . no doubt, disliked the honor paid to his predecessor, through this organ- '.;!on, after whom it was called. There are also half a dozen pretty cottages officers’ residences, and still other buildings for the school, restaurant, hotel, n speaks of the drift in the following language: “Before describing the leading characteristics of these beds, it will be ier to call attention to an interesting fact that must be referred to the ur agencies by which the drift itself is explained. Considerable portions of u -ocky surf ace of the county have been planed, polished, striated and grooved y eavy masses of ice — inclosing sand, gravel and bowlders — moving over in. These phenomena can be best observed in the firmer beds of the i ;ara limestone, occupying as they do the highest table lands of the county, alley are by no means confined to them. The great belt of quarries south- if; of Dayton furnish fine exhibitions of this agency. Indeed, these naturally laed surfaces are frequently turned to account for door-steps, flagging stones lcother similar uses. It is altogether probable that the whole surface of the tij.ty has been exposed to the abrading agencies of the glacial sheet, as we lithe marks of these agencies at every point where the rocks are firm enough tain them. The unconsolidated beds of the Niagara rocks have been in ri measure removed by the same force that has planed the harder surfaces, s evident from an inspection of those .higher portions of the system that i remain. This polished surface of the Niagara rock is generally covered ii yellow clays intermingled with gravel and bowlders. Sometimes heavy : u itic blocks have been left in the clay in almost immediate contact with the a< ed rock, their own surfaces having been planed and scored by the service > rich they have been put. We see in them the implements of abrasion — hmgraving tools — left where the work was done. The thickness of these a deposits varies from one foot to thirty feet, and the upper portions are r 'st always freer from gravel than the lower portions. Occasionally a lim- e-; deposit of blue clay is found on the surface of the rocks, but for the most : u these beds of blue clay, when they occur, are found overlying yellow clays ' Ids of gravel, in pockets of small extent. Fragments of drifted coniferous a 1 are sometimes found buried deep in these deposits. Next in importance e yellow clays are the beds of sand and gravel, of which the drift beds f argelv composed. They sometimes overlie the clays, are sometimes inter - r hied with them, and sometimes they repose directly upon the surface of k ocks. The gravel contains representatives of all the formations that are ad to the northward within the limits of the State, viz., blue limestone, '-Ron, Niagara, water lime, coniferous and black slates, and a considerable 31 of it is derived from the metamorphic rocks of the Lake Superior region and °i ids Canadian highlands. To the same source must be referred the sand, ’ :> silicious formation of any considerable extent occurs between these de- 1 W. s and the line of the great lakes. The sand and gravel have a thickness - !: least 100 feet in many instances. The deposits are always distinctly r died, and exhibit many alternations of fine and coarse materials that be- l "l;i considerable changes in the conditions of their formation. Thoy often 452 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. show, especially in the beds that occupy the lower levels of the county, beat structure, or marks of the action of water that could only be impressed ap< them while they lay at or near the surface. The sand and gravel are som times cemented into massive blocks by the deposition of carbonate of lime fre the spring water that Hows over and through them. Recourse was former had to these cong-lomerates for building stone, but it was found that they we worthless for such purposes, as they cannot withstand the action of frost. “ The lost rocks — bowlders, hard-heads, gray-heads, as they are frequent designated — constitute too important a feature of the geology of the county be omitted in this review. They are irregularly distributed over the face the county, sometimes thickly sown in belts of sevei’al miles in length a, breadth, with tolerably dehnite boundaries, and sometimes scattered singly wide intervals. They occur through the whole range of the drift beds, but a far more abundant in the upper portions than in any other. As in the case the gravel they are all of northern origin, and by far the largest number n been brought from beyond the great lakes. These bowlders weigh not k than 160 pounds to the cubic foot, and the total weight of single blocks som times exceeds ten tons.” Building Rock . — The thi’ee rock formations exposed in Montgome County furnish abundant material for this use. “ The blue limestone affon in numberless exposures, a building stone that is accessible, easily quarrie even bedded, of convenient thickness and very durable. It possesses, howev but little susceptibility of ornamentation. The thinness of its beds, its bar ness and brittleness, stand in the way of its impi’ovement by dressing, and color is too dark to please the eye when it is exposed in large surfaces of m sonry. The Clinton rock, in all of its beds — but especially in its upper ones affords a building stone that would be highly valued were it not for the clo proximity, in most instances, of the quai'ries of the Niagara group. A simil statement can be made in regard to the products of the blue limestone quarri of the county. When the Clinton stone is first raised from the quarry, it frequently so soft as to be easily worked; but when the water has escaped fre it, it becomes a measurably firm and enduring stone. Some of its beds, i deed, are crystalline, or semi-crystalline in structure, and leave nothing to desired as far as durability is concei'ned. As already remarked, the Clinti group exhibits a great variety of colors, and some of these shades are ve pleasing to the eye — a fact which makes this stone susceptible of fine arehitei ura I effects. The greatest objection to this series is that it is not genera! even-bedded. The lower strata are very seldom so. The Niagara group, ho ever, furnishes the best building stone, not only of Montgomery County, but the whole Miami Yalley as well. Indeed, for many piu’poses it is inferior none. Occurring as it does, in even-bedded layers of from four to twen inches in thickness, it is adapted to the purposes of both light and heavy m sonry. It is homogeneous in structure, has a beautiful color, takes ornamenl tion quite kindly and is durable to any required degree. The value that attached to it can be judged from the fact that in some of the quarries nean to Dayton, the stone sells in the ground for $17.50 per rod, or $2,800 per ac: the title to the land not being alienated. In these quai’ries there is less tin five feet of workable stone, and this can only be reached by removing from fi to twenty feet of drift clays and sands. * * The supply of the rock even this, its best estate, is inexhaustible, but the expense of transportation sin out at present from the general market all the quarries that are more th three or four miles distant from Dayton. The quarries that lie outside these limits, however, are invaluable for neighborhood supplies. The quali of the stone, when perfect in every other respects, is sometimes injured by t WASH / N GTON TP. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 457 yorrence of crystals of iron pyrites, which weather into brownish stains when osed to the air and disfigure the surface. “ In addition to the kind of rock already named, there is in the county a • ire supply of Niagara rock that falls short of the typical excellence in hard- -,i 3 and color, but which still constitutes a very serviceable and valuable de- jit. These beds of inferior quality are sometimes the precise stratigraphical Avalents of the true Dayton stones; that is, they immediately overlie the iton formation, but generally they occur at a higher level in the series, ri differences in color and hardness alluded to seem connected with differ - ,]jea in chemical composition, the Dayton stone being a nearly pure carbonate ntime, while the inferior grades are composed of the carbonates of lime and Limesia. The color of these last-named beds is not constant, various shades jllrab and yellow alternating with shades of blue, sometimes even in the same [{far of rock. In durability they seem in no way inferior to the standard [Mon stone. The bowlders of the drift are also available for building pur- p|es. They form, in some parts of the county, the main supply for founda -ills, and, when treated with skill, give excellent results.” Brick. Draining-Tile and Pottery Clays. — Outside of the alluvial bottoms, nrly every section of the county furnishes, from its drift beds, material from vch brick can be manufactured, the yellow clays overlying the Niagara rock : lithe higher table lands being by far the best for the purpose. In many ’333, the walls of a building can be constructed of bricks of the best quality njle from the clay taken from its site. “ Beds of blue clay are also abundant, c erally at lower levels of the county, from which draining-tile and pottery c: be made. For these purposes, the blue and yellow clays are generally a:;ed, the blue clay imparting the necessary strength and the yellow counter- ing the tendency of the former to shrink and crack in the process of baking. Te importance of drain-tile in agriculture begins to be understood. Hun- 1 Is of thousands of tiles are now manufactured annually, with a steadily in- i.asing demand. A third variety of clay is found within the county, in quite lilted deposits compared with the preceding. It also is called blue clay, but differs from the ordinary blue clay in containing no iron. It is converted b; burning into a cream-colored brick of the same general character as the V waukee brick. It is generally very fine grained, and has been quite largely u d as mineral paint. In composition, it consists of little besides alumina, -iica and lime. There is no doubt that these deposits will be regarded with oreasing interest, as their advantages for architectural purposes come to be cognized. The heaviest accumulation of this clay now known in Southern C io occurs near Springfield, Clark County, and it has already been turned to g k! account in the manufacture of Milwaukee brick. “ Firestone . — -A stone that can endure the action of heat, admits of many nful applications. Two of the bedded rocks of the county have considerable l|al reputation as firestones, viz. , the sandy limestones that make the upper - nst beds of the blue limestone series and the Clinton group. This latter rk certainly answers a tolerable purpose for chimney jambs and kindred il is. It is not easy to see what there is in its composition that enables it to f ist unchanged the agency of fire, as analyses show it to be a true limestone i' a good degree of purity. Experience, however, abundantly demonstrates its vue in this regard. Chimney- jambs can be shown that have stood over fifty ) its in service. Farmers are willing to transport it for miles to lay up the aihes of their sugar camps. It must be added that the different beds of the sues have very different qualities in this respect, the middle and lower layers l nishing the best firestone, and there is no doubt that the quality in its highest 1 -fibition is local. “ Lime . — As lime is the great cement employed alike in nature and by hu- M 458 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. man art, the sources of its supply are of more economical value to any comm nity than are the supplies of building stone and brick clay even. All the be ded rocks of the Miami Valley, and portions of the drift as well, furni materials from which excellent lime can be made. It is needful, however remark that the terms limestone and lime do not convey any precise infora tion as to the chemical composition of the substances to which they areapplii Limestones always contain carbonate of lime, it is true; but besides this th generally contain various compounds and various proportions of ma^nes alumina (clay), silica (sand) and iron. The limestones of this region that c be burned into valuable lime may be divided into two classes, according their chemical composition. The first group comprises those rocks that cons mainly of carbonate of lime, or that contain at least 85 per cent of this su stance. The second group is made up of the dolomites, or magnesian lin stones, which have at least 40 per cent, of carbonate of magnesia in their co position. Silica, alumina and iron are found in small and varving prop( tions in each division. The properties of these limes are very difforei Those of the first class require to be submitted to a higher temperature burning than the second. They slake promptly and thoroughly, and in t operation evolve a great degree of heat. From this last fact they are term ‘hot’ or ‘fiery’ limes. They ‘set’ or harden so soon that but two or tin bricks can be laid with one spreading of mortar, and walls that are made them have a tendency to ‘chip-crack.’ It is quite likely that, this last ram property can be attributed in some degree to the silica and alumina which th contain. The second group contains those limes that are called ‘cool.’ Th do not give out so much heat in slaking as the limes of the first class, nor they ‘set’ as soon. From five to twenty bricks can be laid with a sing spreading of mortar, and in plastering a corresponding advantage can be c tained. On purely practical grounds, the builders of Southwestern Ohio ha come to recognize the greater desirability of the limes of the last-named ola and none others can now find a market in the cities and towns of this portij of the State. To the first series belong the blue limestones, the Clinton gro and the Dayton beds of the Niagara group. The limes of the second sen are all obtained from the upper or Niagara division of the cliff limestones, a; the kinds of rocks from which they are derived constitute almost the ent; mass of this formation. It thus appears that the Niagara group in Ohio is true magnesian limestone, as all the members of this same great series throng out its wide western expansion — in Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa a: Minnesota — have uniformly been found to be. The only exception to lh< statements as to the composition of the Niagara series is found in some of i lowermost beds, where in limited and isolated areas the Dayton stone and : equivalents occur. This stone has already been referred to the true limeskms an analysis of it made by Dr. Locke, in 1835, showing that it contains 92 p cent of carbonate of lime. While with this exception the whole Niagara sorij consists of magnesian limestones, it would be wrong to conclude that eve portion of this series, taken indifferently, can be burned into valuable lin The quarries that are worked for lime burning at Cedarville. Yellow, Spring Sprin glield, Moore’s quarries below Springfield, Wilson’s quarries north i Dayton, and a few others less widely known, furnish the most valuable lire of the Miami Valleys and largely supply the markets of Cincinnati, Daytc Hamilton, Springfield, Xenia and the remaining towns and villages of this sc tion. These quarries all lie in the same geological horizon, viz., between 1 and 100 feet above the base of the Niagara rocks. They begin in or above tl strata that contain the large shell Pentamerous oblongus, and generally inclui from ten to twenty feet that overlie the Pentamerous beds — a series of thin ai irregularly bedded strata, valueless for building stone., largely filled with HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 459 i il fragments. The strata that underlie the Pentamerous beds consist of , ,jl an rl drab magnesian limestones, which cannot be burned into a good arti- ibf common lime, but which there is good reason to believe possess in greater rjss degree the properties of hydraulic cement or water lime. A sample r,ji the quarries of W. Sroufe, Esq., Yellow Springs, when analyzed, was o id to agree very closely with a magnesian limestone of France that is cited yificat as an excellent hydraulic cement. The same rock, when treated in iiratory experiments, indicates an eminent degree of hydraulic energy.” An analysis of the Clinton limestone from Centerville, Montgomery onty, showed that it contained the following elements: frbonate of lime 86.30 I Silica : 0.85 (rbonate of magnesia 11.34 | Alumina and iron 0,40 Total 98.89 This compares well with the analyses of rocks from the blue limestone ^Niagara beds in various places, being about the average of all. “ Mineral Paints. — The materials from which mineral paints have been aufactured in this portion of the State are all obtained from the beds of ci . The second variety of blue clay, already described, is principally used /this purpose.” A company was organized at Miamisburg about 1867 or St , and their sales, in 1869, aggregated over 100,000 pounds, which included ciisiderable portion of lead. “ The bed of clay which is turned to most ac- n|t is situated on Hole’s Creek, at no great elevation above the Miami River, h clay is identical in composition with the heavy bank near Springfield, and tolly resembles the ‘Milwaukee brick’ clay in composition.” An analysis of Hole’s Creek clay is herewith presented: \ ,ter in sample dried at 212° 0.80 I Alumina soluble 6.05 (game matter 2.35 | Sesquioxide of iron j;3.00 Sea 35.56 I Carbonate of lime 29.18 .' mina as silicate 13.59 | Carbonate of magnesia 7.04 Total 97.57 .” Many of the gravel beds of the drift contain accumulations of ocher o or less extensive, and occasionally deposits of the same substance are ul unmixed with gravel. The ocher can be separated from the gravel by tiling, and proves to be of fair quality. A large deposit of this ocherous ad is to be found on the north bank of Twin Creek, one mile east of Ger- t. own. Montgomery County. * * A bed of brown coal, that occurs in t ame gravel bank, has been turned to account for the manufacture of black -i . Mastodon remains and phosphate of iron are found also in this locality. a]|jag all things into account, no more interesting section of the drift is to und in this region than the ‘ Germantown ocher bank. ’ Gravel . — It is not easy to set a proper estimate upon the beds of sand ‘(gravel of the county until a comparison is instituted between a region well I- iod with such accumulations and another which is destitute of them. The a 1 knolls and ridges with which, in the southern and eastern portions of e county, almost every farm abounds, afford very desirable building sites. Are generally selected for such purposes. Sand of the best quality for orjir, cement and brick making, is everywhere within easy access. An inex- aijible supply of excellent materials for road-making — what is frequently des- eed ‘clean limestone gravel,’ though in reality largely composed of granitic : kl.es — is found in the drift deposits, from which hundreds of miles of turn- i v k have been already constructed in the county, thus affording free communi- 1 til between farm and market at all seasons of the year. The smaller bowl- Hori of Canadian origin, are selected from the gravel banks for paving-stones, rua ^ted to the neighboring cities. In regions where stone suitable for ai iamized pikes can be obtained, good roads can be had, even though gravel 460 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. is wanting, but at largely increased expense above that of gravel turnpike The districts which are supplied with neither can certainly never compete i desirability with these gravel-strewn regions. “ The agricultural relations of the different formations of Montoumei County remain to be briefly discussed. Only those points will be touched upc which are especially noticeable. From what has been already said of the dii tribution of the drift, it may b8 inferred that this formation will conceal or ol scure all the rest, and, to a considerable extent, this will be found to bo tl case. There are large areas in which the underlying rock seems to have i direct effect upon the superficial beds, further than to control the general fea ure of their arrangement. In such cases the soil depends directly upon tl composition of the drift beds, and will be found light, warm and dry, heavy, cold and wet, according as sand or clay predominates in these bee There are, however, several varieties of soil that receive their leading chara teristics directly from the rock with which they are associated. The hi', table lands of the Niagara limestone, which are mostly confined to the northe portions of the county, furnish the first example. These limestones are oft covered with but a shallow deposit of clay, yellow originally, but blackened ! organic matter for a foot or two from the surface. These table lands hold nearly a horizontal position that the streams that have their sources in the have but a sluggish flow. Indeed, these districts, until they are cleared ai ditched, are almost always marshy in their conditions, and, though occupy in the highest level of the county, are universally spoken of as low-lying land I They contain abundant elements of agricultural wealth, but demand a mo| painstaking and scientific kind of treatment than our farmers are genera willing to bestow. In default of this, they are largely dependent on thestl sons — favorable seasons bringing a large reward and unfavorable ones bei marked by failures more or less complete. The water supply in these lot tions is generally derived from drilled wells, which it is sometimes necesssj to carry to a depth of sixty feet, though one-third of this depth usually suffia-j In their present condition they constitute the lowest-priced lands of the coun unless, as in a few instances, their contiguity to markets has led to their thij ough improvement. In these cases, they show themselves to be possessed' admirable qualities for farming lands, and also give examples of what may j hoped for from the remainder of this formation. A belt of still more p; nounced character, in which the agricultural relations are still more closj! connected with the geological structure, is furnished in the line of junction the blue limestone and Clinton formations, or, what is the same thing, in I line of junction of the Lower and Upper Silurian. “ It will be remembered that the uppermost beds of the blue limesti series consist, for the most part, of unconsolidated clays, while the lower p tion of the overlying cliff formation, viz., the Clinton rock, is largely ec posed of beds of a porous sandstone (lime sand). The result of this order sequence is that the clays of the blue limestone series are the water fijearert the region which they occupy, as was long ago pointed out by Dr, Loc The strongest springs of Southwestern Ohio mark quite accurately 7 this liny junction. The clays constitute a gradual slope — sometimes one-fonrih oji mile in breadth — from the foot of the cliff. The springs that flow oat ahjj; the line gave, before the country was cleared, a marshy character to this b as is shown in the black and fertile loam by which it is still marked. T also serve to distribute, to some degree, the waste of the cliff to the slope be! “The early settlers located their hoines iD the vicinity of these perenr springs, and the prosperity which has attended che labor of husbandry u; these fruitful tracts is well attested in the comfortable and tasteful hoi! 1 which mark the lowermost outcrop of the cliff limestones. Perhaps no ot HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 46T a logical boundary of the State is so definitely connected with human interests. jV) blue limestones give rise, in limited areas, to soils of great fertility. The p flrq of this age, for the most part, are covered deep by beds of modified [ft, lying as they do at a lower level than the other rocks of the county; but opsionally, a slope is found that is derived directly from the weathering of ,i blue limestone bods. The rocks of this series are rich in phosphates, a which accounts for their value in agriculture. An analysis by Dr Worm- i chemist of the survey, give sixteen-hundredths of 1 per cent of phosphoric id in the bedded clays. This proportion shows that a soil one foot in depth, rued from the weathering of these clays, would contain to the acre very prly 7,500 pounds of phosphoric acid — a substance indispensable to the rwth of the higher forms of vegetation. The celebrated blue grass country Kentucky is derived directly from the rocks of this formation, without the , lition of our drift clays and sands. “ A discussion of the drift in this connection would be, under another me, a treatise upon the general agriculture of the county, and cannot here .-entered upon. Suffice it to say that the character of the drift deposits ahely determines for each locality the market value of.its lands, the kinds of cijps that can be cultivated with profit, the nature and amount of its water simply, the quality of its highways, its degree of healthfulness, and, in short, I general desirability for human occupancy. “Attention will be called to but one more point in this connection: The ripr valleys of Southwestern Ohio are known to have been deeper than they a:l at present. In other words, they are now partly filled with drift, and the mams no longer flow upon rocky beds. Not only is the absolute depth of I valleys diminished by these deposits, but the abruptness of the declivity greatly modified by them. Instead of a precipitous descent over the naked e|es of the rocks, a well-graded slope, consisting frequently of the best road gjvel, leads from the highlands to the river bottoms. The nature and order o the succession of the formations previously described, renders it certain fit were it not for the interposition of the drift, the line of junction of the b e limestone and cliff formation would be an impassable belt of miry clay for op- third of the year, unless relieved by expensive artificial roads. A similar site of things would be found throughout much of the blue limestone regions. Is leading points in the geology of the line of junction of the Lower and ITp- p Silurian formations of Southwestern Ohio have now been briefly noticed. v * Among the points of economical interest may be mentioned the estab- Inment of the limits within which the Dayton stone is to be found, lying as it d|s at the very base of the Niagara series; the recognition of the fact that the 0 t lime of this part of the State comes from a horizon about 100 feet higher 1 the series than that which the Dayton stone occupies, with the consequent kpwledge of the areas within which it occurs, and the discovery that certain els of the same series afford hydraulic lime of excellent quality. The great ' ue of the Dayton stone naturally leads to considerable interest in the dis- ci ery of new deposits of it. A safe guide for all future investigations will be f ind in the order of sequence of the great formations, an order which prac- t'al men, engaged for years in quarrying the stone, hare generally failed to rognize.” An extensive bed of peat was discovered, some years since, one mile east c j Germantown, Montgomery County, in and directly above the channel of bin Creek, of which a very interesting account is given in the appendix to. L reports of the Ohio geological survey of 1869. This volume may be found 8 :Ong the books of reference in the public library at Dayton, and to it we ' uld refer all interested, as it is not thought best to extend this chapter to {eater length. 462 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAPTER XVI. County Buildings— Ka i lko a ds I N July, 1845, the County Commissioners paid a premium of $501) : Howard Daniels for the best plan of a court house, to be built at the rortt west corner of Main and Third streets, and, in August of the same year, th contracts for building were let. The old jail and court house that occupie the ground were sold at auction October 4, 1845, and, in the spring of 1841 were torn down and removed. In the spring of 1847, the foundations for th new building were laid, and, in the spring of 1850. the building was com pleted. court being held in the new court-room for the first time on April 1- 1850. The building is constructed of Dayton limestone, fire-proof throughou and covered with a stone roof. From the street, eight wide stone steps lea to the terrace on which the building is erected, and another flight of step leads from the terrace to the floor of the portico, which is on a level with th second story windows of houses on the opposite side of the street. The fror of the building is ornamented with six massive stone pillar’s, which also sm port the roof of the portico. The entrance to the main hall or corridor is b two massive ornamented iron doors, each of which is of more than 2,00 pounds’ weight. The hall leads to the rotunda, which is twenty feet in dhui eter and forty-two feet high, ornamented with a dome, the eye of which light the hall below. Around the rotunda, a circular flight of stone stepis leads t the gallery of the court-room on one side and to public offices on the othei The court- room, which opiens from the rotunda is in an elliptical form, an occupies the space of both stories, being lighted by a dome, the eye of which i forty-three feet high. The court house is sixty-two feet, fronting on Mai street, by 127 feet on Third street, and forty-four feet high. The estimate cost of the building was $63,000, but the actual cost greatly exceeded tha amount. The house was built after the form of a Grecian temple and is to-da one of the handsomest and most classical-looking buildings in the State. The County Commissioners authorized the purchase of the brick, etc fo a new jail, on August 5. 1844, and, on the same day, a p> pointed Horace Peas and John Mills Special Commissioners to procure a suitable site for the build ing. In September following, they purchased Lot No. 276, on the north wes corner of Main and Sixth streets, of Nicholas Longworth, for $2,000. On th 3d of September, the contract for building the jail was awarded to George B Davis and Goodloe Pendry for $8,000. Extra work on the walls, cells and othe parts of the jail increased the cost of the building to $9,322. It is sixty fea wide, fronting on Main street, by 100 feet deep, and is built of hammer- chessei limestone, with walls two feet thick, and a tower at each corner of the front The building is now used by the city for a work-house. It contains a hall am ten rooms, above and below, in the front of the building. In the rear, then are thirty-two cells arranged in tiers, one above the other, with a hall on aithe side, one of the latter being used as a dining-hall. On the 31st of July, 1S52 the County Commissioners ordered the walls of this jail to be torn down anr the building rebuilt; whether or not this was done cannot be gleaned from th' records. On the 3d of March, 1857, the County Auditor was authorized by th( HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 463 o missioners to advertise for a vote of the people on the question of building iw court house, on the north part of the court house lot; the building to be f ';ick and not to exceed $40,000 in cost. On the 13th of March, 1867, an iras passed by the Legislature empowering the Commissioners to build a h court house, but nothing further was done until May 5, 1869, when the omissioners paid Kellogg & Burrows $800 for their plans of a new build- ■ _ and it was agreed that they should receive $400 for superintending the traction of the same, should the Commissioners conclude to build. The a lion of building was again postponed and nothing done until -July 14, ) when a call for plans was issued, and, on July 17, the plans for three kS, as submitted by Peters & Burns, were adopted. This action was after - ajl reconsidered, and the plans submitted by Leon Beaver were settled upon, i u'they were not formally approved until November 21, 1879, at which time e'er gave a bond of $10,000 and received a premium of $300 for the best ui 3 . The second premium for $200 was awarded to E. E. Myers, of Detroit, iik Western Railway Company for ninety-nine years, renewable forever.” CINCINNATI, HAMILTON & DAYTON EAILEOAD COMPANY. On the 2d day of March, 1846, a charter was granted to the Cincinnati & lailton Railroad Company, its name being changed by an act of February 8. S ’, and another of March 15, 1849, the latter being “An act to amend the 71 ral acts relating to the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad Compa- v The Dayton end of the road was put under contract in August, 1850, in September 13, 1851, the first excursion from Cincinnati and Hamilton, •" ‘ over the road. Trains began running regularly between Cincinnati and hton September 22, 1851, distance, sixty miles. The Dayton & Michigan t road Company was incorporated by act of March 5, 1851, to extend from 'Eton to Toledo, 142 miles, and the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Com- al was empowered to lend it money, or otherwise aid in the construction of i road. In December, 1851, contracts for building this line were let, and Dihe 28th of March, 1853, an excursion train arrived over it, from Troy. Tular trains were put on April 28, 1853. May 1, 1863, the line was leased l erpetuity to the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Company (lease subse- uitly modified), and February 18, 1869. the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Day- )i Company also leased the road of the Cincinnati, Richmond & Chicago b road Company — Hamilton to the Indiana State Line. 36 miles — and the of the latter of the Richmond & Miami Railway extending to Rich- icd, Ind. November 26, 1872, the management of this company purchased i 1 line of the Junction Railroad Company, from Hamilton to Indianapolis — b 0 miles, the purchasers soon after organizing the Cincinnati, Hamilton & n anapolis Railroad Company. DAYTON & WESTEKN EAILEOAD COMPANY. A charter was granted to this company February 14, 1846, its purpose oe i-g to construct a road from Dayton to a point on the State line between JL and Indiana, such point to be selected by the directors. The railroad 466 HISTORY or MONTGOMERY COUNTY. commissioner’s report for 1880 states that work was begun on this road in Jul 1848,* and other authority gives April 21, 1849, as the date on which the eoi tracts were let. From the junction west, track laying began August 6, 185! the road being consolidated with the Indiana Central on the first of that montl The distance from Dayton to the State line is thirty-eight miles. In Indian! the road was opened to Richmond February 19, 1853. In September of tl same year, trains passed westward to Indianapolis, and October 11, 1854. tl entire road was opened for regular business. January 14, 1863, the track fro Dayton to Dodson, fifteen miles, was leased in common to the Dayton & Unic Railroad Company. “ Under date of February 4, 1865, the company lease from the Richmond & Miami Railway Company of Indiana, for ninety-air years from January 1, 1865, renewal forever, the entire control of its roai right of way, buildings, etc., from its western terminus on the line dividing tt States of Ohio and Indiana, to the point of junction or switch where its aai road diverges and runs to Eaton and Hamilton ; also the use of the remainin portion to its western terminus in the city of Richmond, three miles in all, f< the semi-annual payment of $2,750, payable each first of January and Jul February 4, 1865, the company entered into an agreement to lease to the Litt Miami and Columbus & Xenia Railroad Companies, for ninety-nine years fro January 1, 1865, renewable forever, its road, property and privileges, excep ing certain leased premises and other property in Dayton, the shop, machiner tools, etc., and providing that a contract between the Dayton & Western ar Columbus & Xenia Companies of March 12, 1863, be surrendered and settle up to the above date. The lease was made subject to a contract lease fcetwee the Dayton & Western and Dayton & Union Railroad Companies of Jannai 14, 1863, by which the latter have the use of the Dayton & Western track fro. Dayton to Dodson. Also, of a contract between the Dayton & Western and Cii cinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad Companies, relating to the joint use < tracks of the two said companies in Dayton and the bridge over the Great Mi an River. The lease of the Richmond & Miami Railway was also transferred ar assigned, the lessees assuming all the stipulations and conditions of the sever named contracts of the Dayton & Western Company, and agreeing to carry oi the several provisions thereof. The Dayton & Western Company agreed : procure to be transferred to the lessees a majority of its capital stock, not lei than $155,000 in the aggregate. The lease was made subject to a deed of tru dated November 1, 1864, to secure the payment of $738,000, bonds of tl Dayton & Western Railroad Company, due and payable January 1, 1895, tl lessees assuming payment of the semi-annual interest thereon as i-ental for sa property, and also agreeing to indorse and guarantee the payment of the pri; cipal and interest of said bonds, the Dayton & Western Company agreeing upon the full payment thereof and the interest thereon, to convey in fee simp to the said lessees the railroad and property thereby leased. The foregoir contract for lease was duly approved and ratified by a, majority of the stocl holders of each company party thereto. The Columbus & Xenia Company a signed its interest in the foregoing lease of the Little Miami Railroad Cor pany, to take effect December 1, 1868, and it was transferred by that conipat together with its own and other leased lines, to the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati St. Louis Railway Company, to take effect December 1, 1869, and the road sin< that time has been operated by that company, in connection with its own ar. other leased lines.” f *This probably has reference to the survey, f Commissioner’s report , 1880. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 467 DAYTON & UNION BAIL WAY COMPANY. February 26, 1846, the Greenville & Maimi Railroad Company was char- ,y, with authority to build a railroad from Greenville to some point on the ran & Western line or on the Miami on the Miami extension canal, to be f mined by the directors. By an amendatory act passed March 23, 1850, - 1 >rity was given the company to extend its road from Greenville west to the In a State line. Under the charter and amendments, the road was built n Dayton by way of Greenville to Union City, contracts having been let in la! 1849. The formal opening to Greenville was celebrated June 10, 1852, Mo Union on the 22d of the following December. The Dayton & Western r was first used as far as the junction, but a parallel line was subsequently c vhicli was finally taken up and the Dayton & Western track again came ise. Financial troubles came upon the company, and January 5, 1863, :e pad was sold to certain trustees, and on the 8th of the same month the . i, any was re organized as the Dayton & Union Railroad Company, and a dicate filed with the Secretary of State January 19. 1863. December 23, 7 the road was transferred to a trustee and is still held and operated under :rsteeship. Its total length of track is 48.53 miles, including 1.79 miles of "ft- THE DAYTON, XENIA & BELPRE RAILROAD COMPANY. (This company was chartered February 19, 1851, with authority to construct mad from Dayton to Xenia, and thence intersect with the Belpre & Cin- ujti Railroad, in Highland County. Work was begun in 1852; contracts for ung the division from Dayton to Xenia were let March 15, 1853, and May 854, the line was opened between those two points, distance sixteen h. The company having become financially embarrassed, the road was cFebruary 4, 1865, under a decree of foreclosure, to the Little Miami and lmbus & Xenia Companies, for the sum of 8415,000. The road is now a of the lines leased to and operated by the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St, u Railway Company. ATLANTIC & GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. this corporation was formed in the fall of 1865, by the consolidation " the above name, of several New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio Cornpa- des| The broad-gauge track of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Company, h Dayton to Cincinnati, sixty miles, was leased to the Atlantic & Great mrn, and afterward, with the balance of the lines, reduced to the stand- i:,auge. Work was begun on this road at Dayton, November 7, 1853, but it ■ siot finished, nor were trains run until after the war of the rebellion, r 25, 1874, the stockholders of the Atlantic & Great Western Company rati- u lease made May 1, in the same year, to the Erie Railway Company, of jra road and leased lines, not embracing the use of the Cincinnati, Ham- o & Dayton Railroad. After numerous financial embarrassments the road s laced in the hands of a Receiver. January 6, 1880, the road and all other | rty of the company were sold on foreclosure to purchasing Trustees, on - m of an association of morto-ao-e bond-holders and others interested, -na 15, following, the Trustees conveyed their purchase to five corporators, •organized an Ohio corporation, known as the : ‘ New York, Pennsylvania Cio Railroad Company,” (of Ohio), and the company was incorporated • a 17, 1880. A similar corporation had been organized at the same time, j nnsylvania,* and the two were consolidated March 24, 1880, forming the 3:Q t New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Railroad Company. iown as the “New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Railroad Company of Pennsylvania.” 468 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CINCINNATI & SPRINGFIELD RAILWAY COMPANY. This company was incorporated September 9, 1870, to build a road frou Springfield to Cincinnati, through the counties of Clark, Montgomery, Greene Warren, Butler and Hamilton. The road was intended to form, in connee tion with other roads already constructed, a trunk line from Cincinnati to th Eastern cities. No new road was built except 48.80 miles from Ludlow Grov to Dayton, the Dayton & Western road being used through the city of Daytor and from Dayton to Springfield the track of the Cincinnati, Sandusky & Cl eve land Company, leased to the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapo lis Railroad Company in perpetuity, the latter now operating the entire lin from Cincinnati, under lease in perpetuity from the Cincinnati & Spring field Company, to Dayton, and the others as above stated. This road is th well known “ short line ” to Cincinnati. Dayton & southeastern railroad company. This company filed articles of incorporation, December 16, 1871 ; capita stock, $1, 000, 000 ; object, to construct a road from Dayton through Xenia, •lame! town and J ackson Court House, to Gallipolis. intersecting Greene, Fayette, Rost Vinton, Jackson and Gallia Counties; length, 144 miles; gauge, 36 inohet Very little was done on this road for several years, but by July 1, 1877, it wa finished as far as Washington Court House, 48.71 miles. Hp to June 3( 1880, 114 miles had been completed and were in operation, and March 18 1881, the company was consolidated with the Toledo, Delphos & Burlingto: Railroad Company. The latter company was organized May 23, 1879, b the consolidation of the following companies : Toledo, Delphos & Indianap olis, incorporated March 14, 1872 ; Toledo & Maumee Narrow Gauge, incoi porated May 16, 1873; Delphos & Kokomo, incorporated July 18, 1877 (th.es all under laws of Ohio), and the Delphos, Bluffton & Frankfort, incorporate under the laws of Indiana, October 17, 1877. On the 17th of May, 1880, th Toledo, Delphos & Burlington Company entered into a contract with the Daytoi Covington & Toledo Railroad Company for the consolidation of the two, the con tract being subsequently ratified by the stockholders of both companies. Th new organization was also known as the Toledo, Delphos & Burlington Rai road Company, being formed June 21, 1880, a little over a month after th contract was made for consolidation. The new company completed th projected line from Dayton to Delphos, and after the consolidation with th Dayton & Southeastern Company, the Toledo & Grand Rapids road was pm chased (extending from Toledo via Waterville to Grand Rapids, in Woo County) and on the 15th of April, 1881, a certificate was filed for the cor struction of a branch line from Dayton to Lebanon,* Warren County, t form connection with the Cincinnati Northern Railway. May 19, 188.1, a cei tificate was filed for the construction of a branch from Wellston to Xrontoi the northern terminus of the Ironton & Huntington Railway. The lines which were originally the Dayton & Southeastern, the Dayton, Cleveland an Toledo, and the Dayton, Lebanon & Cleveland, are now owned and manage by a recently organized corporation known as the Toledo, Cincinnati & S' Louis Company, with principal offices at Toledo. soldiers’ home railways. There are three lines of railway to the Soldiers’ Home, viz. : One cot structed by the Toledo, Dayton & Burlington Company, from its main hm another by the Little Miami Division of the Pan-handle Company; and thii’d by the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Company, all extending foot * This branch was called the. Dayton, Lebanon & Cincinnati Railroad. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 469 jiyton. The route over the Toledo, Dayton & Burlington is the most round - . out, and, since the construction of the other two lines, it is comparatively tie used. At the close of 1880, Montgomery County had within its limits, 75.129 les of railway, valued at $1,183,168. Railroads have become matter-of- corse institutions, and the construction of a new line is not viewed with iat enthusiastic interest which was manifested in the early days of the work, he Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton road was completed to Miamisburg, .igust 18, 1851, and on the 20th, an excursion, filling four platform cars, mt down from Dayton to help celebrate the event ; tickets 25 cents for l'e ro un d trip ; J. Carey, couductor. Dinner was served at Zimmer’s btel, and when it was over, speeches avere made by several prominent men. a Saturday following, the party, accompanied by pieces of artillery and a nd, made the round trip to Carlisle Station, stopping for breakfast at Mi- , lisburg on the return. When the Dayton & Western Railroad was being cated in Dayton it was desired to condemn an acre and a quarter of land longing to N. Longworth, for depot purposes, and a jury was chosen con- sting of S. D. Edgar, Robert Means, and J. L. Williams, men of property id good standing, who decided the value of the condemned land to be $600, id the benefits accruing to other property of Mr. Longworth were placed at i.,500, making him really indebted $900 to the company. The first railroad mident in Dayton occurred June 25, 1851, when a seven- year-old son of John legg fell from a, car in the old Miami River & Lake Erie Railroad yard, >rth of First street, and had his right leg crushed below the knee by is entire train passing over it. The injured limb was amputated by Dr, ewett. 470 \ HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAPTER XVII. Bench and Bar of Montgomery County. I N a nation of freeni9n, where the government is supposed to be an express) < of the people’s will, the influence of such a vast body of men as the log. profession now contains, whose study leads to a correct understanding of tl nature, principles and machinery of the civil compact, cannot be overrate! The American lawyer, not content with the routine of courts and profession) services, directs his efforts to a wider field, following the path to which his pi sition, acquirements and tastes strongly tend, he eagerly enters the politic) arena, searching assiduously the honors of the legislative hall; with what sui cess our history plainly testifies. From the commencement of our Government, four-fifths of the highei offices have been filled by lawyers. The bar stands high in public estimatioi and the time has never been when political office or ^influence was moi liberally accorded to its members than at the present day. In tl most important trusts they are to be found. The National legislate halls, and the executive departments, are filled with men whose claims f distinction, to a great extent, originated in legal excellence and acquirement The several State Governments are in the same hands, while all the acknow' edged party leaders, and nearly all who are thought of as candidates for hig political places have been educated in the same great school. The lawyer wh prides himself on his profession, cannot avoid a feeling of complacency as h surveys its present condition in the United States, always prominent and all ways honored; and, as we believe, more at the present time than ever beforj it occupies a position and wields an influence such as no other profession c calling can for a moment aspire to. It is the nature of the profession of the law, when pursued by con genial minds, and in accordance with its inherent spirit, to elevate an liberalize the social principle. Those who attain eminence in that prc fession necessarily take deep and wide views of human conduct, obthne by living, practical observation of the motives of men, the objects they pur sue, and the uses of those objects. Hence it is that men of that professio; are ever found in the front rank of those who devote themselves to the inter ests of the age, evidenced by noble exertions and personal sacrifices in sup port ‘of the great principles upon which the rights of liberty and proper! depend. The history of the times since the dawning of American liberty dowi to the present, constitutes one line of successive monuments of the labors, th sacrifices, and the self-devotion of the men of the legal profession to the bes interests of their country. Great as is the fame of many who, in ages past, have won themselve: renown by their attainments, the power of their reason and their elo quence as advocates, we believe their equals are now living. We are no' of those who are ever deifying the past and unable to recognize any meri or ability in the present age. Though none are more willing to pay tri bute to the well-earned fame of those who have been the glory of the Ameri can bar in periods that are gone, yet while we give the fathers all just praise we would not depreciate their sons; and because we honor and respect thf HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 471 eat lawyers of the past, we see no reason to forget those who are present with us. Many whom the bar is still proud to number among its members, will rind none the less surely in the niche of fame than the brightest names of by- ;ne days. Nearly every county in Ohio has had members of the legal profes- On who have won well deserved local honors, while many can boast of having joduced lawyers of State and National reputation. To this latter honor Mont- mery County can lay a just and undisputed claim. THE BENCH. The first Judges who sat upon the bench in Dayton were: Hon. Francis linlevy, of Warren County, a resident of the First Judicial District, with aac Spinning, John Ewing and Benjamin Archer as Associates. Court was ild July 27, 1803, in the upper room of Newcom’s Tavern. Benjamin Van !eve was clerk pro tern; Daniel Symmes, of Cincinnati, Prosecutor pro tern.; ! d George Newcom, Sheriff. The officers of the court were instructed as to tpir duties by the Presiding Judge, and State’s Attorney, and there being no cier business to transact, court adjourned the same day. The second session Vs held here November 22, 1803, the Grand Jury holding their deliberations 1 heath the spreading branches of a large tree close at hand. The first indict- rnt was against Peter Sunderland, for an assault and battery on Benjamin Sptt, to which he pleaded guilty, and was fined $6 and costs. After trying tree criminal and four civil cases, the court adjourned on the second day of i session. In 1805, the place of holding the courts was changed from New. cm’s Tavern to McCollum’s Tavern, and were held in the latter building until ts erection of the court house, in 1806. The State, under the Constitution of 1 02, had been divided into three circuits, in each of which a President of the ; .urt of Common Pleas was appointed, while in every county were appointed r: more than three and not less than two Associate Judges, who were to be r idents therein dining their continuance in office, and these, with the Pre- sing Judge, constituted the Court of Common Pleas. All the legal business : the county was transacted in this cotut, including all probate and testamen- % matters. The Judges held their offices for the term of seven years, and tre appointed by joint ballot of both houses of the General Assembly. The fjord of proceedings in the courts of those days was very. brief and concise, ai the Supreme Court was held once a year in each county. In the year 1817, Joseph H. Crane was appointed Presiding Judge to suc- c/jd Hon. Francis Dunlevy. He was born in Elizabethtown, N. J., August r; 1872, and his father was a Major in the Revolutionary war, and lost a leg i that struggle for liberty. He was a brother of Commodore William M. .me, and of Ichabod B. Crane, the latter a Colonel of the Regular Army. r grew to manhood in his native State, there studied law under a celebrated hyer named Ogden, and was admitted to practice. In the spring of 1804, n came to Dayton, opened an office and began that career which culminated ’•Iplacing him in the foremost rank among the members of the Ohio bar. He 'Jrried Miss Julia A. Elliot, daughter of John Elliot, a Surgeon in the United gites Army, then stationed at Vincennes, one of the frontier posts. Mrs. bine was one of the organizers of the Female Bible Society, in 1815, as was a |) h° r husband of the Montgomery County Bible Society, organized in 1822. Gy became the parents of a large family, most of whom died young. Two s William and Joseph G., were members of the Montgomery County bar, ?*: v the latter served throughout the rebellion, on the staff of Gen. Robert C. i enck. At the close of the war, he was commissioned a Captain, with the Djret of Colonel, in the regular army, and while Acting Military Governor I 'ackson, Miss., was assassinated in the street by the notorious Col. Yerger, 1 I 472 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. an ex-Confederate officer. William died in Dayton, while practicing his pr fession. -Judge Crane was nominated for a seat in the Ohio Legislature the first political convention held in the county, September 6, 1809; was su sequently elected, and was author of what is known as the Practice Ac Ho served as Prosecuting Attorney of Montgomery County from 1813 1816, and, in 1817 became Presiding Judge of this district, continuing in tk office until the close of 1828, having been elected to Congress in the fall that year. For eight years he ably represented his constituents in the nation legislative halls, where his profound legal abilities were soon recognized ai appreciated. Upon returning from Congress in 1838, he was appointed Prc ecuting Attorney of the county, and served one year. Some years after sc tling in Dayton, he formed a partnership with Col. John H. James, o? t bana, which continued until 1831, as Crane & James, when Robert C. Sciren was taken into the firm, and the name became Crane, James & Schenck. Tk it remained for one yea 1 ’, at the expiration of which Col. James withdrew, at the firm name was changed to Crane & Schenck. In 1834, this partnersk was dissolved by mutual consent, and Judge Crane became associated with E ward W. Davies, and afterward his son, William Crane, was taken into t firm, where he remained until his death. The law firm of Crane & Davi continued until the death of Judge Crane, in November, 1851. Judge Crane was one of the ablest lawyers who ever lived in Ohio. P( sessed of a thorough knowledge of the law by extensive reading, historical a: literary, as well as professional, characterized by an even-balanced, clear-hea ed temperament, added to quick perception, a comprehensive mind, and an i stinctive impartiality, he was at all times enabled to grasp the hidden poin and dispel the cobwebs of sophistry which crafty counsel often wove arouj. their cases. Scrupulously honest and upright, he would not stoop to a me' or dishonest action, while his generosity and unselfishness kept him cornpai tively poor all his life. Of a retiring disposition, his social qualities were 1 tie known outside of his immediate circle of friends; but those knew him aj kind, genial, whole-souled, delightful companion, whose rich store of inform tion on all subjects seemed to be inexhaustible. He was loved and venerat by the bar of Montgomery County, and his death, in the seventieth year of li age, was deeply regretted. The next to don the judicial ermine on the Montgomery County ben was Hon. George B. Holt, a native of Norfolk, Litchfield Co., Conn., bortn the year 1790. In early manhood he entered tli9 law school of Judges Ren & Gould, in Litchfield, and in 1812 was licensed to practice. In 1819, he rived in Dayton, then a small village, and the following year opened an ofb as attorney at law. In 1822, Mr. Holt established, and for three years cc ducted the Miami Republican. In the fall of 1824, he was elected to the Li islature, and participated in the passage of laws which rendered that sessiji one of the most important ever held in Ohio. Among the most import;! measures adopted was the ad valorem system of taxation. The columns of s paper had been employed by Mr. Holt in favor of a canal communication tween the lakes and the Ohio River, a measure which had excited a bitter <- position. During this session the canal law was passed under which the 0 ) and Miami canals were commenced, and the policy of the State in favor of ternal improvements was considered settled. Mr. Holt was a member of - committee to which the subject of a school system was referred, and the U reported by them passed into a law, which established the present comm school system of Ohio. In 1825, he was re-elected to the Legislature, and ) 1827 was elected to the State Senate for a term of two years, and was Cki- man of the Committee on Internal Improvements. During the last session,! WASHINGTON, TP. ' WASHINGTON , TP. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 477 J28, he was elected Presiding Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and rved for the constitutional term of seven years. After the expiration of his rm on the bench, under appointment by the court, he served one year as Pros- uting Attorney of Montgomery County, one year in Mercer County, and two nns in the county of Yan Wert. At thp legislative session of 1842-43, he is again called to the bench, and served out the constitutional term. Part of e interval between his first and second terms on the bench was spent in agri- lture and stock- growing, spending much money in improving the breed of ttle, introducing the first thoroughbred Short-Horn Durham stock into the unties of Montgomery, Mercer and Miami. He was for a time President of 'e Montgomery County Agricultural Society, and in 1849, at the time of the olera epidemic, was chosen as President of the Board of Health. In 1850, ldge Holt was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention, was Chair - an of the Committee on Jurisprudence, and took a prominent part in framing ;e present Constitution of Ohio. This service ended his official career, and though he partially resumed the practice of his profession, with advancing ars spent much of his time in his favorite occupation of gardening. Politi- lly. Judge Holt was for many years a Democrat; but in later life acted with e Republican party, and was firm and decided for the "Union. Before leaving s native State, he had united with the Congregational Church, but for more an twenty-five years previous to his death he was a member of the Presby- rian faith. On the organization of the Montgomery County Pioneer Society, •ldge Holt was chosen its President, and retained that office until his death, rich occurred on the evening of October 30, 1871, in his eighty-second year, e was married in 1821 to Miss Mary Blodget, second daughter of Dr. Will- m Blodget, who with three daughters, still survive him. The next Presiding Judge was Hon. William L. Helfenstein, who went . the bench in 1836. Some time prior to that date, the family came to Day- n, Ohio, from Pennsylvania, where William L. had studied law and been ad- mitted to the bar. He served his full tei’m on the bench, and subsequently re- moved to New York City, remaining there several years, finally returning to ;e State of his nativity, where he is now residing. Ha was succeeded in 1843 by Judge Holt, and he, in 1850, by Hon. John eers. The only other Judge under the old regime was Hon. Ralph S. Hart, jao was appointed in the spring of 1851. During his term the new consti- tion was adopted, which abolished the office of Associate Judge, and made o vision for a new order of things. Judge Hart, under this law, held over, id in October, 1851, was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. The Associate Judges of Montgomery County, from 1803 to 1851 were: an jam in Archer, Isaac Spinning, John Ewing, Abner Garrard, William eorge, Philip Gunckel, James Steele, Benjamin Maltbie, Henry Hippie, )kn W. Turner, Thomas Winters, George Olinger, John Shelby, Charles G. vain, Elias Mathews, Amos Irvine, Michael Cassady, Robert P. Brown and erman Gebhart. Under the new law the term of Common Pleas Judges was changed from ven to five years. The first occupant of the bench under the new constitu- )n was the Hon. Ralph S. Hart, a native of New Jersey, born in the year 00. In 1811, his family came to Troy, Miami Co., Ohio, where he was reared id educated in the common schools of that county. In 1844, he removed to ,ayton, was appointed Presiding Judge in 1851, and under the new constitu- p n > elected J udge of the Common Pleas Court, serving in all six years on the mch. He afterward resumed the practice of his profession, but on account poor health, abandoned the law, and is now residing on a farm in Butler N HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 47 8 Township. He married a daughter of Henry Bacon, one of the promine pioneer lawyers of Dayton. In October, 1856, Hon. Ebenezer Parsons, of Miami County, was elect Judge of this subdivision, and re-elected in October, 1861, serving until fa ing health compelled him to retire from the bench. Many other Judges this district have occupied the Montgomery County bench, from time to tin who, like Judge Parsons, were non-residents of this county, yet the latter we known gentleman served so long and occupied the bench so continuously tl he deserves mention in connection with the judiciary of this county. The next resident Judge was Hon. John C. McKemy, who, in April, 181 was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He removed to Dayton 1869, and served on the bench until October, 1872, when he resigned and i sumed the practice of his profession. The present Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, Hon. Henderson El ott, was born in Perquimans Co., N. C. , August 17, 1827. His parents, Jee and Rachel (Jordan) Elliott, came to Butler County, Ohio, in 1831, where 1 father died in 1840. His mother subsequently removed to Preble Count and from there to Iowa, where she died in 1863. Henderson’ s youth was spe on a farm, and he learned the trade of a millwright. At the age of ninete he began teaching school in the winter seasons, using his earnings attendi school the balance of the year, and so continued for six years, three of whi were passed in Farmers’ College, Cincinnati. After completing his course the: he taught for three years during which time he studied law under Felix Man of Eaton, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court at Columbi in 1851. He practiced three years in Germantown, removing to Dayton 1855 , where he has since been engaged in his profession, excepting from 18 to 1869, when he was editor of the Dayton Daily Ledger. In 1859, he wa candidate for a seat in the State Legislature, but was defeated by a small n jority. In 1861, he warmly espoused the Union cause, and from 1861 to 18 was Prosecuting Attorney of Montgomery County. In the fall of 1871, he w elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and is now serving his thi term in that office. In politics he has always been a Democrat, served for f years as a member of the Dayton Board of Education, and has been a mem): of the Methodist Church for more than thirty years. In the year 1851, married Rebecca Snavely, of Montgomery County, who has borne him five chj dren, two of whom are living. Judge Elliott possesses a clear, legal mind, go 1 judgment, and sound common sense. He is cautious, prudent, firm and ccj scientious, a gentleman of sterling integrity and genial manners. He is a h cible, vigorous writer and a sound reasoner, and his judicial career has giv much satisfaction to the Montgomery County bar. The Superior Court of Montgomery County, although of merely lo< jurisdiction, has acquired and always maintained a high reputation in t history of the Judiciary of Ohio. It was established by an act of the Legis.i ture, passed March 29, 1856, and the first election held on the first Monday the following June, at which time Hon. Daniel A. Haynes was elected Judge the Superior Court, his term beginning on the 1st of July, 1856. •lad Haynes was born in Columbia County, N. Y. , in the town of Chatham, St tember 9, 1815, and was a son of Daniel and Magdalene Haynes. After c taining an ordinary common school education, he was sent to a boarding schq at Landlake, N. Y. , and afterward to Lowville Academy, in the same Sta and from there he entered Union College at Schenectady, graduating in t class of 1835. He soon afterward came to Dayton, and for a year was assi: ant teacher in the old Dayton Academy. In 1838, he entered the office Judge Joseph H. Crane, and was admitted to the bar in 1839. In Januai HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 479 i_«Q he commencsd the practice of his profession in partnership with Henry ; Idard. Sr., and afterward formed a partnership with John Howard, with ;,m he practiced eight years or more. He was Prosecuting Attorney of Mont- -■•ciiery County from 1843 to 1847, and in the latter year was elected to the ))o Legislature. As a lawyer he continued in active and very successful r,;tice until the establishment of the Superior Court, when he was elected Jge, re-elected in 1860, and again in 1865. The learning and eminently acial qualities which Judge Haynes brought to the discharge of the duties ome bench, gave to his decisions an authority that was recognized and re- puted by both bench and bar throughout the State. In February, 1870, he ■ spied the Judgeship, and returned to the practice of law in partnership with hi.. 0. L. Vallandigham, in Dayton. A rapidly growing and lucrative prac- iC attested the strength of this firm, which was dissolved by the sudden eh. of Mr. Vallandigham in June, 1871. Judge Haynes then formed a part- sihip with John Howard & Son, under the firm name of Haynes, Howard & [Card. This continued until 1875, when he was again elected Judge of the aarior Court, in which office he served until 1881, and in which his eminent b ity and unimpeachable integrity commanded the confidence of the public, ' jell as the unbounded respect of the bar. In early life a Whig, he subse- Ujitly became a Republican, and was an ardent supporter of the Government ang the dark days of civil war. Outside of his profession, Judge Haynes r ai for several years, President of the Dayton Bank, and also of the Dayton airance Company. On the 13th of June. 1848, he married Miss Emily Ion, daughter of Gen. Samson Mason, who was one of the leading lawyers pringfield, Ohio. Mrs. Haynes died on the 2d of September following, ip which time he has not again married. Upon the resignation of Judge Haynes in 1870, Jackson A. Jordan was punted to serve until the next annual election, at which Hon. Thomas O. lie was chosen and served until 1876. In that year, Judge Haynes, again «3 upon the bench, and in 1881 was succeeded by Hon. Dennis Dwyer, the 1 3 nt occupant. There is no more beautiful character than the courteous, a mt, honorable, learned, careful, earnest, kind and venerable Judge, whose ' noted legal abilities have raised him to the bench. His integrity no one v question; his firmness and impartiality are proverbial; his decisions are ab with care, and clearness; from every sentence thoughts drop pure as gold, eeels strong because he feels that he is just, while the bar and public revere ■ and his works because they are known and appreciated as the best efforts toilsome professional life. Who would exchange such an honorable posi- 0 for the gold of Ophir? To the mandates of the judiciary every other pur- >;i submits; in the presence of that great power every other is silent. It is 1 ice the ultimate hope and grand ally of Jihe people and of their agents, ands above the National Legislatures and the President; above the army Kithenavy; and in this sublime attitude, as representative of eternal prin- f in the form of law, is above reproach. The poet, in his verses defining " 'hat Constitutes a State,” says: “ And Sovereign law, the States' collected will O’er thrones and globes elate. Sits Empress, crowning good, repressing ill." So will it ever be under a free and enlightened government. The Probate Court of Montgomery County was established under the 0 'th Section of Act 4, of the new Constitutional Convention, and the second jday of October, 1851, was fixed for the first election. The term of service designated as three years, but some of the Probate Judges have filled the i° r two or three terms. At the first election. Youngs V. Wood was chosen 480 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. as Probate Judge of Montgomery County, and began bis duties in Februi 1852. In 1855, be was succeeded by Joseph G. Crane, and be, in 1858. James H. Baggott. In 1800, Samuel Boltin was elected, and re-elected 1863, bis term of office expiring in 1867. He was succeeded by Dennis Dw' wbo had been elected in the fall of 1866; was re-elected in 1869, and ai in 1872, filling the office three terms. In 1875, John L. H. Frank was chose Probate Judge, and re-elected in 1878, and in 1882 was succeeded by TV McKemy. THE BAR. For professional courtesy, gentlemanly tone, moral rectitude and intell ual ability, the association of men known as the Dayton bar, has always 1 jnstly distinguished. It has furnished one Governor of Ohio, Hon. Cha Anderson; five members of Congress, viz. : Hons. Joseph H. Crane, Bober Schenck, Clement L. Val landigh un, Lewis B. Gunckel, and John A. McMal twenty-five members of the Ohio General Assembly; nine Judges of the C mon Pleas and Superior Courts; seven Probate Judges, and eighteen Pi cuting Attorneys, all of whom have filled their positions with ability and si faction to the people. Of the members of the Montgomery County bar practiced here previous to the year 1840, but four are now living, viz. . H Robert C. Schenck, Peter P. Lowe, Charles Anderson and Ralph P. Lowe, two latter of whom left the county many years ago, and by the advice of u of the leading attorneys of Dayton they alone of the surviving members of bar, who have not been on the bench, will have special mention in this art There is, perhaps, no name in the annals of the Montgomery County ! more worthy of a prominent place in this history than that of the Hon. Bo : C. Schenck. He was born in Franklin, Warren Co., Ohio, October 4, 1809, i is a son of Gen. William C. Schenck, a pioneer of the Miami Valley, wbo < at Columbus, Ohio, in January, 1821. After the death of his father, Ro was placed under the guardianship of Gen. James Findlay, of Cincinnati, in November, 1824, when in his fifteenth year, entered the sophomore cla; Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. He graduated in 1827, but remained at ford until 1830, employing his time in reading and as a tutor of French Latin, when he received his degree of Master of Arts. In November of year he entered the law office of Hon. Thomas Corwin, at Lebanon, and following January was admitted to the bar. He came to Dayton with a 1 of introduction from Mr. Corwin to Judge Joseph H. Crane, who irnmedi; offered him a partnership, which he accepted. This lasted three years, aij the end of that period he formed a partnership with Peter Odlin, which tinued until the commencement of his public career. From 1844 to lS5j was associated with Wilber Conover in the practice of his profession, the being Schenck & Conover. In 1837, being but twenty-eight years of ad became a candidate for State Representative on the Whig ticket, and wal feated by a small majority; but three years later he again made the race, t was elected. In May, 1 843, he was chosen by his party as their candidate Congress, and was re-elected for each succeeding term until 1850, when b dined the nomination, and at the close' of 1851 was appointed by Prasi'i Fillmore United States Minister to Brazil. He returned from Brazil in : and for some years took no active part in politics. He was engaged occai!> ally in important law suits, and principally in managing, as President, a of railroad from Fort Wayne, Ind., to the Mississippi River. In 1859,1 political meeting in Dayton, he made a stirring address on the events of times, and was on this occasion the first to suggest the name of Abraham i coin for the next President. When the attack was made on Fort Sumter, j Schenck at once tendered his services to the Government, and was con HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 481 iced Brigadier General of Volunteers. From that time up to August, 1862, 1< . Schenck took a leading part in all the battles in which his brigade was Jlged, but on the second day of the second battle of Bull Run, he was - rely wounded, carried from the field, and conveyed to Washington. Gen. -\L in his report of this battle, speaks of Gen. Schenck’ s conduct in terms hi ll y commendatory. Shortly afterward he received his appointment as T or General of Volunteers, and accompanying it a letter from Secretary titon in which the great war Secretary wrote as fellows: “No official act of fie was ever performed with more pleasure than the forwarding of the in- ked appointment.” For some time Gen. Schenck’ s wound was critical, and recovered very slowly, with his right arm permanently injured, and over six idths elapsed before he was again fit for field duty. On the 11th of Deeem- e 1862, he was assigned as commander of the Middle Department, in jjnand of the Eighth Army Corps, with headquarters at Baltimore, in iih capacity he rendered valuable aid to the Union cause, receiving flat- uiig testimonials from the loyal conventions and leagues, as well as the ahest praise of the War Department and President. On the 5th of Iffimber, 1863, he resigned his commission to take his seat in Congress,. > yhich he had been elected from the Third Congressional District of b, in 1862. He was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Military ijirs, and a history of his course in the Thi cty-ninth and Fo-tieth Congresses !d be a complete history of the military legislation of the country through inmost eventful years of the war, and after its close. It is enough to say that in iiilitary matters he was laborious and vigilant. He proved himself utterly u less as to loss of popularity, and championed measures which were generally fito be needful, but from which many of his colleagues shrank through fear f he prejudices of their constituents. In civil as in military life, he has e . the same bold and fearless fighter for what he deemed the right. As an ft tive orator he has had few superiors in the Nation, and as a political leader irjudgment is excellent and his counsels always sagacious. During the four ejjs from 1867 to 1871, Gen. Schenck, as Chairman of the Committee of \ r s and Means, held position as the acknowledged and active leader of the -I< se of Representatives. In this capacity, he framed and carried through to iglative enactment the system and leading provisions of the laws relating to aimal revenue, and introduced and passed the first proposition made for re- ung the rate of interest on the bonds of the United States. Probably at no eod of his busy life did he ever devote himself more effectively and success- 11 to labor in the public service than in those last years of his Con- rsioual career. In 1871, he was appointed United States Minister to Great •lam, serving in that capacity until 1876. Gen. Schenck is a man of wide a !fire and varied accomplishments, a brilliant lawyer, well read in literary, :.l and political history, as well as a good French and Spanish scholar. He 3 ready conversationalist, free, affable and courteous at all times, a gentle- u in every sense of the word. Although never forfeiting his residence in liton, he has not lived here permanently for many years, yet is proud to k n the Gem City as his home. Cotemporary with Gen. Schenck in the legal and political arena, and i ding a like powerful influence in State and National affairs, stood Hon. laent L. Vallandigham. He was born in New Lisbon, Columbiana Co., July 29, 1820, and received his early education from his father, a pioneer . 'r cher who settled at that point in 1807. After a year spent in Jefferson c ege, Cannonsburg, Penn., lie served for two years as Principal of Union Acad- , rt j' 8now Hill, Maryland, and then returned to Jefferson College to complete hi course of study. When within a few months of graduation, he fell into a 482 HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. controversy with the President of the College on constitutional law, which - suited in young Vallandigham demanding and receiving an immediate ;i honorable dismissal. Some years afterward, President Brown offered hin a diploma, but he declined to accept it. After leaving college, he read law, admitted to the bar at Columbus, Ohio, in December, 1842, and began, pi . rice in his native town. In 1845, he was elected to the State Legislate without opposition, and re-elected in 1846. Here he soon gained a high r . utation as a speaker and debater, as well as an honorable partisan. On 27th of August, 1846, he married Louisa A. McMahon, sister of the Hon. Ji n V. L. McMahon, of Baltimore, Md. Having imbibed his political princij * from Jefferson and other fathers of the Republic, he started in life as a Dei . crat, although nearly all his friends were Whigs. In 1 847, he located in B ton, where he formed a law partnership with Thomas J. S. Smith, and also j two years conducted the Western Empire newspaper of that city. In 1852, » was the Democratic candidate for Congress, but failed of an election by 1 votes, and again in 1854, but the Know-Nothing fanaticism swept the ik , In 1856, he was again placed on the ticket, and though defeated at the pH by nineteen majority, was upon contest admitted to his seat. This was ond the most noted cases of the kind in the annals of Congress. His opponent i the Hon. Lewis D. Campbell. He was re-elected in 1858, and again in 15) His ability, industry and sincerity gave him great prominence in Congrii He took a leading part in opposition to the war, not because, as he claixi. 1 that he did not love the Union, but upon constitutional grounds in its man: ment. as well as from an honest conviction that force would lead to its dost)] tion. For these reasons he advocated compromise as the only way to porn, ate the Union in peace, prosperity and liberty. He was arrested by the Gj r eminent, tried at Cincinnati by a military commission in May, 1863, and sji tenced to be banished to the South, which was carried into effect. The C federate authorities treated him kindly, and sent him to Wilmington, N. from where, on the 17th of June, 1863, he , ran the blockade, finally settl |< at Windsor, Ont, opposite Detroit. In the fall of 1863, the Democracy noli nated him by acclamation for Governor of Ohio, he being then in exile, j campaign was one of the bitterest in the history of the Nation, and he was 1 feated by an overwhelming majority. In June, 1864, he left Windsor inn guise, and arrived at Hamilton, Ohio, on the morning of the 15th, where] addressed a Democratic convention, and was by it appointed a delegate to I! Chicago convention that nominated Gen. George B. McClellan for iPresidii The Government took no public notice of his return, and in time the excitenji caused by it died out and was apparently forgotten. He settled down to practice of his profession, and in February, 1870, formed a partnership vl Judge D. A. Haynes, which continued until his death. In May, 1871, he jj> sented to a Democratic convention, held in Dayton, his “new departure’ olutions, which were unanimously accepted and adopted by the State ConY tion, on the 1st of June following. These resolutions did much toward reel ciliug the Democratic party to the new Constitutional amendments, and evening of their adoption Mr. Vallandigham delivered one of the abjs speeches of his life, and the last political speech he ever made. On the nil of June 16, 1871, in full life and vigor, while engaged for the defense i murder trial at Lebanon, Ohio, he accidently shot himself in the demonstrat i of a theory as to the manner in which the alleged murder might have b i committed, and died the next morning. This accidental shot proved fatal > only to Mr. Vallandigham, but to his wife also, who was at that time attends the funeral of her brother at Cumberland, Md. On receiving the sad news shock was so great that she never recovered from it. but died a few we; HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 483 asr, leaving one son, Charles N. , who is the present Representative of Mont- opery County in the State Legislature. Mr. Yallandigham possessed great eysical and mental vitality, a wonderful memory and a towering ambition, f.hino’ could move him from his honest convictions, while his energy and lity were such that he always rose with the occasion, and no degree of op- i lition could discourage him. Such were the resources of his mind that his 8 feehes were always original, and this State has produced few men that could h.d an audience so completely spell-bound as this great champion of consti- ; ional Democracy. Among the very earliest lawyers of the Dayton bar. we find the name of imry Stoddard, a native of Woodbury, Conn., born March 18, 1788. He was m of Asa Stoddard, a descendant of the Rev. Anthony Stoddard, of London, 'Rand, who settled in Boston in 1670. Having received such education as si common schools afforded, Henry spent the last five years of his minority eiking in a store. He then read law and was admitted to the bar in 1812. t or years later he came West on horseback, and in 1817 permanently located i] Dayton. Of the early lawyers of Dayton, Mr. Stoddard was one of the most ptninent and successful. He threw his whole soul into his profession, and b his integrity and determined character, rapidly obtained a large and lucra- tip practice, and won the confidence and esteem of all acquainted with him. I all matters intrusted to his care, whether great or small, the same conscien- tiusness and accuracy directed his actions, and these best qualified to judge hr testimony that there was no attorney at the Dayton bar whose cases were mre carefully prepared, or whose business was more accurately conducted, ■r was he less distinguished for the professional learning and ability dis- mWed during trial. From 1840 to 1844, he was in partnership with Judge I A. Haynes; but having by the latter year acquired a handsome competence, h retired from regular practice and devoted himself to the management of his ivate affairs. His mind was an encyclopedia of information relative to the pints of three-quarters of a century. He was one of the constituent members o the First Presbyterian Church of Dayton, in which body he was for many yjirs a Ruling Elder. He was in fullest sympathy with all moral and relig- i< s movements, and toward such he ever maintained very marked liberality. 1 . Stoddard was married twice, first to Miss Harriet L. Patterson, who died ■ 1822, leaving one son. His second wife was Miss Susan Williams, who bje him three sons and one daughter, dying in 1861. For many years pre- ■ us to his death, which occurred November 1, 1869, he was a confirmed inva- 1 Nearly eighty-two years had passed ere death claimed him; but in dying 1 had the satisfaction of knowing; that he was leaving’ behind him those who uid do honor to his name. The oldest living representative of the Dayton bar is the venerable Peter 1 Lowe, who was born in Warren County, Ohio, June 11, 1801. His parents v're Jacob D. and Martha (Perlee) Lowe, natives of New Jersey. Peter P. ' eived his early education in the country schools, and studied classics under airivate tutor. _ He studied law in the office of Hon. Thomas Corwin, and i mediately after his admission to the bar in May, 1825, he came to Dayton 1 began practice in June of that year. In 1832, at Washington, D. C. , he Ms admitted to practice in the United States Courts, and in 1834 was elected Osecuting Attorney of Montgomery County. He took a deep interest in the i)wth and development of Dayton, and did much toward that end. In 1849, i was chosen President of the Dayton & Western Railroad, and by his wise f ancial management, placed the road on a substantial footing. In 1837, he vs elected on the Democratic ticket to the State Legislature, and served as * airman of the Judiciary Committee during his term of office. Originally a 484 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Whig, he left that party and cast his first Democratic vote for President Va Buren. In 1856, he again changed his political affiliations, joining his foil unes with the Republican party, and in 1860 was chosen as a delegate to tl convention that nominated Abraham Lincoln for President, and during the \r„ took a determined stand in support of the Union. He was married in Mai 1830, to Miss Ann Bomberger, of Dayton, who bore him four children. SI died in 1877, after a married life of nearly half a century. Mr. Lowe ha been an adherent of the Presbyterian Church all his life, and has been ver successful in the accumulation of property. ' He is a courtly, frank and cult vated gentleman — a member of the old regime — whose house was the resort fc the great men of by-gone days, such as Stanton, Chase, Tod and Brough, vvh were his warm personal friends. For many years he has not been engaged i active practice, but is still in possession of much of his old-timed busjnes energy. Next in the order of time, but in the front rank of leading lawyers, come Edward W. Davies, a native of New York City, born January 16, 1802, an died in Dayton, Ohio, December 11, 1873. In 1804, the family came to Wil iamsburg, Hamilton Co., Ohio, and, in 1806, removed to Cincinnati; here Ec ward W. grew up, studied law and was admitted to practice. In 1826, he be came a member of the Dayton bar, where, during the early days of his practici he had all the experiences of the pioneer lawyer. In 1829, he married Mis Mary Pierce, daughter of Joseph Pierce, an early merchant of Dayton, wh bore him seven children, four of whom ar© yet living. In 1832, he was af pointed Clerk of the Court, of Common Pleas, and held the office for a numbe of years. He was afterward associated with Judge Joseph H. Crane, and fo many years was the attorney of the C., H. & D. R. R. Mr. Davies was instri mental in securing the passage of the bill creating the Board of Police Con missioners for Dayton; was one of the organizers of that board and Presider of the same for some years. Although for nearly half a century he maintaine j a high position at the Dayton bar, he never cqurted popularity. With broa | and extensive views, firm convictions and purity of motives, he was unremilj ting in his efforts to accomplish an object which he believed to be right. H possessed a deep sympathy with the laboring classes, and was ever ready upojj all occasions, and in every way in his power, to assist them in their struggle|| and to relieve their sufferings. The following is an extract from the testimo nial of the Dayton bar. just after his death: “Mr. Edward W. Davies dt served and maintained without reproach, throughout his long, active and use ful life, the character of a diligent and able lawyer: an energetic, public-spiritejj and patriotic citizen, a sincere and upright Christian and a pure and hones: man. By unswerving integrity and force of character, he commanded the con fidence and respect of the entire public, but to those only who were intimatelj associated with him were known the purity and excellence of his social quail ties and those still higher and more sacred attributes that adorn with grace an happiness the domestic circle and belong to the cultivated private Christia gentleman. With a dignity that naturally pertained alike to his persons, appearance and his character, he blended a generous and genial kindness, tba never failed to respond when a proper occasion called it forth; and such werj the sterling qualities of his nature, that no temptation could shake his hdelit. to truth, manhood and duty.” Another of the prominent lawyers who came to Dayton more than fift.j years ago was Thomas J. S. Smith, a native of Cumberland, Md. , born Decern ber 10, 1806, and who died at Dayton July 31, 1868. He graduated at Jeffer son College, Pennsylvania, and, in 1830, came to Dayton, where he studiei law and was admitted to the bar in 1832. He then settled in Troy, Ohic HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 485 i Tan practice, and soon rose to a leading position among the members of the p- of Miami County. In 1837, he became Clerk of the Court of Common leas and served as such for several years. He also at one time represented r it county in the Ohio Legislature. In 1844, he resumed the practice of his 1 Session in Dayton, and soon became engaged in numerous railroad projects, png made President of the Dayton & Michigan Railroad shortly after its or- mization, and so continued until its completion. His connection with that ai other roads gave him practice in railroad cases and he became known as cb of the best railroad lawyers in this part of the State. In 1856 and 1857, t represented Montgomery County in the State Legislature, and, in 1860, was * j candidate of the Democratic party for Supreme Judge of Ohio, and, upon fi breaking-out of the rebellion, he gave his active support to the Union ise. He was always recognized as an able lawyer and speaker, a man of ( e vigor of mind fully developed by large culture and discipline; of great finness and decision of character; of excellent judgment and of the most s upulous integrity. Politically, a Democrat, he was always distinguished his conservativeness. Moderate in his opinions, charitable in his judg- nnts, refined in his tastes, kind and gentle in his manners, he was greatly seemed by men of all parties and conditions in life. A Presbyterian by edu- ction, and, for many years, a member of that religious body, his life was a king example of Christian piety and truth. On the 28th of May, 1833, he vs married to Miss Jane Bacon, daughter of Henry Bacon, a prominent law- V of Dayton, of which union five children were born, four now living, one of v|om, Samuel B. Smith, is the present Adjutant General of Ohio. In the same rank and cotemporary with Mr. Smith may safely be placed t-| name of Peter Odlin, who was born October 6, 1798, at Trenton, N. J. Is parents were citizens of Philadelphia, but, at the time of his birth were tijiporary residents of Trenton, and Mr. Odlin always claimed Pennsylvania a the State of his nativity. The ancestors of Mr. Odlin were ministers of Eater, N. H., where, for forty years, they occupied the pulpit. In 1802, his f her died while absent on mercantile business, at Cape Francais, Island of St. Imingo. Soon afterward, the family removed to Washington, D. C., where 1 Odlin was educated at the Washington Classical Academy, and where he S'died law under John Law, Esq., a lawyer of eminence, whose name is fa- il iar in the United States reports. Mr. Odlin was admitted to the bar of the Cited States Circuit Court at Washington City, in 1819, his examiners being m Law, Elias B. Caldwell and Francis Key, the author of the “ Star-Span - gd Banner,” For a short time, he practiced at Washington, but, in 1820, moved to Somerset, Perry Co. , Ohio, and, for ten years, was Prosecuting At- t< aey of that county. He was elected to the Legislature for the session of 1 10—31, during which he was a member of the Judiciary Committee and also 0 the Committee on Revision. In 1832, Mr. Odlin came to Dayton, and, in 1 j>4, formed a partnership with Hon. Robert C. Schenck, and, for about nine , v is, the firm of Odlin & Schenck stood at the head of the Montgomery . mty bar. After Gen. Schenck’ s election to Congress, Mr. Odlin entered ijo partnership with Col. John G. Lowe, which existed for about six years, a er which he became the partner of William H. Gilman: subsequently, of Iraham Cahill, and, in his later years, was associated with Albert Kern. In Pities, he was a Whig and a Republican; was a delegate to the convention Mch nominated Gen. Taylor for President, and was also on the electoral r set for Fremont. In 1845, he was elected President of the Dayton Branch o the State Bank of Ohio, and was annually re-elected to the same position 'ml the expiration of its charter, when he was elected and served for many ? • rs as President of the Dayton National Bank. At the first election, after 486 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. the adoption of the new constitution, he was the Whig candidate for Supreun Judge of Ohio. In 1829, Mr. Odlin became a member of the Presbyteriai Church, at Somerset, in which he was elected an Elder, and, upon his remova to Dayton, he was elected to the same office in the First Presbyterian Church where he remained until 1836, when he became one of the founders of tin Third Street Presbyterian Church, in which he remained an Elder until hii death. In 1861, he was elected to a seat in the General Assembly of Ohio, an< remained there as Chairman of the Committee on Finance until the close of th rebellion, and then declined further candidacy. He was the author of the bil giving to the soldiers in the field the right to vote at the darkest period of th rebellion, when the State was defenseless. Mr. Odlin introduced a bill makini an appropriation of $1,000,000 for the defense of the State, which passed aru became a law. Under this bill, four parks of artillery for the State wen made immediately, and, at the same session, the military committee perfectei and passed the law organizing the National Guard, which placed the State ii security and enabled Gov. Brough to send 40,000 men to the front. Mr. Odlii was also author of the bill, which is now a law, preventing the sale of liquo on election days, one of the best laws ever enacted. In 1869, although retirei from public life, he was elected by the Republican party as Senator from tin Montgomery and Preble Districts, and served his full term. As a man, Mr Odlin’s place was among that class of Christian gentlemen whose calm an< vigorous intellects are governed by a Christian heart and a Christian con science. He was tall, slim and compactly framed, bearing at all times the de portment of a dignified and earnest, but kind-hearted man, and, although ; stem man when principle was involved, he was courteous to every one, and hi long public life and extensive acquaintance with the men and business of th world, failed to give him that forbidding sternness so common with publi men. As a Legislator, Mr. Odlin ranked among the very first of his day, an wielded a powerful influence in both branches of the State Legislature. Hi knowledge of law and of finance enabled him to render the State iinportan service, and gave him an influence such as few men ever attain. In debate, h was clear, severely logical and always master of the subject in hand, revealirt; a cultivated taste and a mind enriched with the beauties of literature. H was married, at Somerset, Ohio, October 14, 1821, to Miss Ann M. Ross, foi merly of Washington, D. C., to whom were born nine children — five daughter and four sons — two of the former being dead. Two of his sons were in th army throughout the rebellion, one of whom was a Major in an Ohio regiment Mr. Odlin died October 18, 1877, in the eightieth year of his age, loved an respected by his professional brethren for his manly attributes and brill ian legal attainments, as well as honored and revered by the best citizens of Mont gomery County, among whom he had. lived nearly half a century. Prominent in the affairs of this county, we find the name of Hon. Charlej Anderson, who was born at his father’s residence, called “ Soldiers’ Retreat,) near the present city of Louisville, Ky., June 1, 1814. His father, Col. Riel! ard C. Anderson, a native of Virginia, settled at that point in the year 1785 and was Surveyor General of the Virginia military lands. Charles received thorough education, and, under the best of teachers, prosecuted his studies i the English branches and in the classics. In 1829, he entered Miami Fn versity, at Oxford, Ohio, graduating in 1833. He soon after went on avis:, to his brother, Robert, who was then in command of the United States Arsenal ; St. Louis, Mo., but who subsequently became the hero of Fort Sumter. He tker engaged in farming, which did not prove a success, and he returned to Louis ville, where he entered the law office of Pirtle & Anderson. In 1835, havinj completed his law studies, he came to Dayton, Ohio, and, on September 11 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 487 as married to Miss Eliza J. Brown. He opened an office, and, for ten years, as half lawyer and half farmer, exhibiting little zeal in his profession, but Ver displaying a strength of moral principles and a calm independence of raracter, which won for him the increasing respect of the community. He as first elected Town Clerk and Superintendent of the common schools, and, 1 1842 and 1843, was Prosecuting Attorney of Montgomery County. In 1844, [3 was elected to the State Senate, where he exhibited the moral courage of sing the first man in Ohio who dared to propose and vote for the repeal of le law disqualifying negroes from appearing as witnesses in legal trials, for hich he was bitterly denounced. After the expiration of his Senatorial term, e went to Europe for the purpose of trying to regain his health, which was [ary poor. His tom’ of Europe completely restored his wonted vigor, and, ipon his return, he removed to Cincinnati, where he entered into a law part- ership with Rufus King, which lasted eleven years. His health again failing, b removed to Texas and engaged in stock-raising, which he followed until the [hellion, when he was driven from the State on account of his Union senti- ent®, barely escaping with his life. He then went to England for the pur- Ise of delivering a series of lectures, and endeavored to turn the tide of En- glish opinion in favor of the Union, but, upon reaching that land, he soon scovered that such a thing would be impossible, as nearly the whole English jition, with the exception of Ireland, were secretly assisting the rebels and re- doing in the coming dissolution of the Union. Upon returning to America, b was appointed Colonel of the Ninety- third Regiment Ohio Volunteer Inf an- y, but, after the battle of Stone River, wounds and exposure had so impaired is health that he was compelled to resign his commission. He was soon after - ard elected Lieutenant Governor of Ohio, and, by the death of Gov. Brough, be- ime Governor of the State. At the close of the war, Gov. Anderson advocated omediate and general amnesty, but the legislation then enacted led him to ass into the Democratic party. He subsequently removed to Lyon County, y., and settled upon a large iron estate on the Cumberland River, where lie now living in the seclusion of private life. Gov. Anderson was distin- rished as a man of broad national patriotism; a genius of brilliant parts, ith a great command of language, and an intuitive power of disentangling atricacies. He was a frank, open-hearted and generous man, whom every one haired and respected. The other living member of the Dayton bar. who practiced here previous 1840, is Hon. Ralph P. Lowe, of Washington, D. C. He was born in War- n County, Ohio, November 24, 1805, and was a son of Jacob D. and Martha . Lowe. He grew to manhood in his native county, and from there entered iami University, where he graduated. Immediately afterward, he went to labama, where he followed school teaching and the study of the law; was ibsequently admitted to the bar and began the practice of his profession, bout 1834, he returned to Dayton and formed a partnership with his brother, per P., which lasted until his removal to Iowa, in 1839. In the year 1838, he arried Miss Phoebe Carlton, of Cincinnati, who bore him nine children, all of hom are living. He practiced law in Iowa many years, and, in 1860, was ected Governor of that State, and subsequently, to a seat on the Supreme 3nch of the same commonwealth. About nine years ago, he removed to r ashington, D. C. , where he is at present engaged in the practice of his pro- lusion. Judge Lowe possesses a thorough knowledge of the law. made a good idge and is considered a first-class lawyer. There are many other members of the early bar who deserve special men- p n > hut. of whom we have been unable to obtain necessary data for a sketch; tt of those who acquired especial distinction we find the names of Henry 488 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Bacon, Sr., Robert A. Thmston and M. E. Curwen. The former was one of the very ablest lawyers at the bar, and, although a man not possessed of much energy, at times he would be “ imbued with a spirit of eloquence, and deliver speeches, which, for logical strength and beauty of composition, were seldom equaled. He was a well-read lawyer, and, from 1817 to 1833 inclusive, was Prosecuting Attorney of Montgomery County and also represented the county in the State Legislature. The second gentleman, Robert A. Thruston, is claimed to have been the most eloquent member of the early bar — a man of un doubted legal ability and brilliant attainments. In 1836 and 1837, he was a member of the Ohio Legislature, and was considered one of the ablest legislat- ors in the House. Both he and Bacon died many years ago, but are still kindly remembered by many of the oldest citizens. M. E. Curwen was a man of great legal learning, and, for many years, a professor in the Cincinnati Law School. He was the compiler of Curwen’s Revised Statutes and author of sev eral books, among which was a short history of Dayton, published in 1850, which preserved many important facts about the early settlement at the mouth j of Mad River. Few men were better or more favorably known among their professional ! brethren since 1840 than John Howard, whose death occurred in Dayton May; 8, 1878. He was born in Belmont County, Ohio, October 5, 1813, and, in! 1826, his father, Horton Howard and family, moved to Columbus, Ohio, where, in 1833, both parents and sister died of cholera. John graduated at Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, in 1838, and, in 1839, located in Dayton. He read:; law in the office of Odlm & Schenck; was admitted to the bar in 1840, and was engaged in a very successful practice for nearly forty years, during eight, of which he was associated with Judge D. A. Haynes. He was rather indiffer ent to politics, though for several years he was Mayor of Dayton and a member; of the City Council. In 1876, he was made a candidate for Congress against his wishes, but was defeated by less than 100 votes. As a lawyer, he was noted for the care and thoroughness with which his cases were prepared, and also for the skill, ingenuity and ability that characterized his pleadings. Though not eloquent, the effect of his argument on courts and juries was ai ways telling and emphatic. In religious faith, he was educated a Friend, his; father being a minister of that church, but, some eight years previous to his death, he united with the Third Street Presbyterian Church of Dayton. On the 6th of April, 1841, Mr. Howard married Ann E. Loury, daughter of Field- ing Loury, of Dayton, who became the mother of seven children, two of whom survive. In his latter years, his son, William C. Howard, was his partner in the law pi'ofession. It was said of him that he never made an enemy while at the Dayton bar, or that there was a living soul who entertained other than the highest respect for him. He was considered the most prompt man at the bar, a hard and cheerful worker, always ready for business. Of the leading members of the Montgomery County bar who have passed: from this scene of action in the last few years, none have been more deeply re- gretted than Wilbur Conover. He was born in Dayton, Ohio, May 10. 1821. and died in his native city October 3, 1881. In 1834, he began attending school at the Dayton Academy, where he spent three years, and, in 1837, en- tered the Sophomore class at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, graduating in the same class with Robert W. Steele, of Dayton, in 1840. He was distin- guished among his classmates as a diligent, popular student, endowed with an' unusually clear, analytical mind, which, with his love of study and industry, made him the best scholar in his class. Upon leaving college, he at once chose the profession of the law, entered the office of Odlin & Schenck, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1842. In 1844, be became the law partner of Robert C. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 489 Schenck, and so continued until 1850. The following year, he formed a part- nership with Samuel Craighead, which firm was recognized as one of the most reliable and eminent in this portion of Ohio. Mr. Conover was married, Sep- tember 1 1, 1849, to Miss Elizabeth W. Dickson, who bore him five children, three of whom are now living. His associates say of him that he possessed all the qualifications of an excellent lawyer, being diligent, painstaking and strictly conscientious, active and clear in his perceptive faculties. He never concealed his honest convictions on any subject, and never sacrificed or com- promised them for the sake of popularity. His opinions as a lawyer w r ere re- garded with deserved confidence, as well by the community as by the profes- sion; and his business life seemed to illustrate the lofty sense of duty united with a sincere devotion to his calling. Robert W. Steele, who was his class- mate for six years, says of him: “ Thoroughness was his distinguishing quality as a student, and he never left a subject until he reached the bottom of it. Truthfulness and purity characterized him throughout his college course, and in all my intercourse with him I never heard him utter an unworthy or impure word. His later life was a fitting fulfillment of the bright promise of his col- lege days. He occupied no official positions, because he never sought nor would accept them. He devoted himself wholly to his profession, and worthily won the high position he attained as a lawyer. While steadily refusing all offers of political preferment, he served for many years as a member of the board of Education. His services as a member of the Library Committee were specially valuable, and his excellent judgment of great use in the selection of books.” As far back as 1870 his health began to fail — the result of a too close and diligent application to business, and from which he never fully recovered. In closing the record of those lawyers who are recognized as fitting repre- sentatives of the Montgomery County bar since the first court was held, in 1808, the history would be incomplete without a brief sketch of Col. Hiram Strong, who was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga and died at Nashville, lenn., October 7, 1863. He was born October 28, 1825; graduated at Miami University in 1846, and was admitted to the bar in Dayton in 1849, where he continued in successful practice until August, 1862, when he was made Lieu- tenant Colonel of the Ninety-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was married September 28, 1852, to Miss Harriet A. Conover, to whom were born four chil- dren, all now living. Immediately after his admission to the bar, Col. Strong formed a partnership with William C. Bartlett, which continued until 1853. In that year, he became associated with Hon. Lewis B. Gunckel, and this firm, during its existence of ten years, was recognized as ranking among the leading ones of Dayton. Of the many noble men who lost their lives in the war, there was no better or nobler than Col. Strong. Quiet and retiring in his manners, of a warm, generous, impulsive nature; he never acted without deliberation, he never formed an opinion without reflection — in fact, his character was a model one. He was a just man and scrupulously honest. Frank, open and fair him- self, he despised cunning, deceit and trickery. He was always genial, hopeful, companionable, possessed of the most perfect self control and temperate in all things. Never a politician, he nevertheless took a lively interest in public affairs. As a speaker, he was forcible; but strove to convince, rather than to please, while, as a lawyer, there was no safer counsel at the bar. As a soldier, he was ever at the post of duty; was exact in his. discipline, and paid the (strictest attention to all the minutest details. Having no military knowledge when he entered the army, he became, by rigid study, a thorough tactician, and made of the Ninety-third one of the best disciplined regiments in the field. He had no military ambition, and accepted the position of Lieutenant Colonel purely from a sense of duty and patriotism. Such was his attachment 490 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. for home and family that the highest command in the army would have beer no inducement for him to leave them. Cautious, apparently timid, he shunned no danger when duty called, and was as brave as the bravest. He ever acted upon principle, and duty could command him when no personal interest could move him. A kind father, a loving husband, a patriotic citizen and a brave sol dier, he gave his life in the prime of manbood, a willing sacrifice for his country, The bar of Montgomery County furnished the Union army with the ml lowing soldiers: Gens. Robert C. Schenck, Gates P. Thruston and Moses B. Walker; Cols. Hiram Strong, Edward A. King, John W. Lowe, Michael P Nolan, Joseph G. Crane, Edward A. Parrott, Charles Anderson, John G. lowt and David B. Corwin; Majs. Samuel B. Smith, Daniel O Driscoll, Luther B. Bruen and William H. Sigman; Capts. E. Morgan Wood, Samuel B. Jacksor and George W. Brown; Lieuts. O. M. Gottschall and William C. Howard: Sergts. Elihu Thompson and William Craighead. Of these, Cols. Strong, | King, Crane, John W. Lowe and Maj. Bruen gave their lives as a sacrifice ori the altar of their country, while many of the others bear honorable wounds. From the organization of the county up to the year 1852, practicing at torneys had to pay an income tax, but in the latter year that law was abolished The following is a complete list of the Prosecuting Attorneys from 1803 to 1882 — a period of seventy-nine years: Daniel Symmes, pro tern., 1803-04: Arthur St. Clair, 1805-07: Isaac G, Burnett, 1808-12; Joseph H. Crane, 1813 -16; Henry Bacon, Sr., 1817-83; Peter P. Lowe, 1834-37; Joseph H. Crane. 1838-39*, William H. Blodget, 1840-41; George C. Holt, 1841-42; Charles Anderson, 1842-43; Daniel A. Haynes, 1844—47; Samuel Craighead, 1848—51 . James H. Baggott, 1852-55; D. A. Houk, 1856-59; Daniel P. Nead, 1860-01: Henderson Elliott, 1862-63; Youngs Y. Wood, 1864-65; Warren Munger 1866-67; George V. Nauerth, 1868-69; Elihu Thompson, 1870-73; Jame8 C. Young, 1874-75; John M. Sprigg, 1876-79; James C. Young, 1880—81. ; John M. Sprigg, 1882. Deceased attorneys who have lived and practiced in Montgomery County: John J. Ackerman, *Henry Bacon, Sr., Henry Bacon, Jr., Eli Booth, Robert P. Brown, William H. Blodget, Lee Brumbaugh, George W. Bomberger, David H. Bruen, Luther B. Bruen, John C. Baggott, Joseph H. Crane, Joseph G. Crane, William H. Crane, Wilbur Conover, W. W. Chipman, M. E. Curwen. Abram Cahill, John C. Clegg, Samuel B. Darst, Edward W. Davies, John De: Graff, Stephen Fales, Ira Fenn, D. G. Fitch, Eli J. Forsythe, W. H. Gilman, Gilbert, Joseph Graham, John Howard, ^George B. Holt, Talbert Jcnes, Samuel B. Jackson, Edward A. King, T. C. Kidd, Kelsey, James Kelly, H. Y. R. Lord, O. A. Lyman, Jacob D. Lowe, John W. Lowe, Josiah Lovell. Warren Munger, Sr., William Mount, Fitz Hugh Mathews, * William J. Me Kinney, George W. Moyer, Daniel P. Nead, William Osborn, * Peter Odlin, *Marcus J. Parrott, William H. Piper, Thomas Powell, *Thomas J. S. Smith, Lucius Q. Smith, ^William M. Smith, *Henry Stoddard, Sr., James A. Skedd, Hiram Strong, John Scott, J. W. Shai’ts, Philip Shuey, Edwin Smith,* W. Shel- hamer, William H. Sigman, ^Robert A. Thruston, T. B. Tilton, C. L. Vallacdig- ham, John W. Van Cleve, Fred L. Wood, Youngs V. Wood, Stephen Whitcher. The following lawyers have lived and practiced in this county, but are now residing elsewhere: * Charles Anderson, William C. Bartlett, M. Q. Butterfield. G. S. Byrne, Francis C.. Biglow, J. M. Bond, George W. Brown, E. C. Book- waiter, William E. Brown, J. J. Clark, Frank Collins, *F. P. Cuppy, JohnT. Douglas, W. L. Dechant, John C. Dunlevy, Zina Doty, Edward Delaney, George W. Ells, John H. Fry, P. H. Gunckel, *Luther (i hidings, John V . L. Graham, Michael Garst, William C. Howard, William L. Helfenstein, Jackson A. Jordan, N. E. Jordan, I. N. Jordan. Elza Jeffords, Isaac H. Keirstedt. Riley J. Knox, Gilbert Kennedy, Ralph P. Lowe. E. O. Lefever, J. Walker Me- HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 491 )r kle, G. V. Nauertk, B. F. Owen, C. M. Peck, Charles Parrott, Joseph Plun itt, William Ritchie, Isaac Robertson, A. M. Scott. Frank Showers, Henry oddard, Jr., George W. Starr, Theodore Sullivan. E. C. Swallem, H. L. rohm, W. C. Thompson, Reuben Tyler, Julius C. Taylor, Gates P. Thrus- n, George Walker, W. J. Weaver, Moses B. Walker, Col. Whitney, Israel illiams, H. H. Weakley, D. M. Zeller. The following attorneys have retired from practice, or have abandoned the ofession and engaged in other pursuits: Cornelius Boltin, J. B. Dravenstedt, •ed C. Fox, W. S Fox, Simon Gebhart, Ralph S. Hart. William P. Huffman, oise Huesman, S. J. Henderson, *Peter P. Lowe, John G. Lowe, John Mc- aster, *Edwin A. Parrott, ^Robert C. Schenck, John W. Stoddard, W. H. mms, J. *McLain Smith, G. W. Shaw, T. F. Thresher, James R. Young. The present bar of Montgomery County contains ninety-four practicing iifcomeys, whose names will be found in the following list: Jacob Allspaugk, mes H. Baggott, C. L. Bauman, C. H. Baldwin, J. J. Belville, *W. H. Bel- le, Wickliff Belville, Samuel Boltin, O. Britt Brown, John T. Brady, S. H. tor, Adam Clay, Amos Iv. Clay, Frank Conover, *David B. Corwin, Quincy Urwin, Thomas Corwin, Samuel Craighead, William Craighead, C. A. Craig- j ad, L. S. Crickmore, O. F. Davisson, C. W. Dustin, Dennis Dwyer, Hender- 1 Elliott, Hiram Ellis, C. W. Finch, John L. H. Frank, Adam Frank, Jasper irst, 0. M. Gottschall, John E. Greer, *Lewis B. Gunckel, Leo Gates, John hllanan, *D. A. Haynes, John Hanitch, W. C. Hartranft, Francis M. Hosier. George W. Houk, D. A. Houk, Alfred Humphreys, D. W. Iddings, C. D. Id mgs, W. B. Iddings, James O. Jefferys, Walter D. Jones, Patrick Kelly, (•afton C. Kennedy, Albert Kern, E. H. Kerr, A. W. Kumler, James Linden, romas 0. Lowe, John A. McMahon, W. D. McKemy, C. J. McKee, George . Malambre, John S. Manning, A. L. Marshall, R. D. Marshal 1 . E. P. Math- as, Warren Munger, A. G. Murrey, James Mumma, R. N. Nevin, M. P. blan, M. Chris Nolan, E. D. Payne. L. R. Pfoutz, E. L. Rowe, A. H. Rom- | art, John Schuster, John A. Shauck, W. W. Shuev, Samuel B. Smith, J. inning Smith, Sumner T. Smith, Charles E. Swadener. John M. Sprigg, Stith . Sullivan, W. B. Sullivan, *John F. Sinks, A. A. Thomas, Elihu Thompson, '. N. Vallandigham. W 7 . H. Yan Skaik, G. O. Warrington. T. S. Williamson. i]A. Winters, C. H. Winters, E. S. Young, J. C. Young, G. R. Young. Note — Names marked with an asterisk were members of either the House c Senate of the Ohio Legislature. The Dayton Bar Association was incorporated on the 15th of April, 1868, i E. S. Young, Thomas O. Lowe, Samuel Craighead, John A. McMahon, hn Howard and Abraham Cahill. The purpose of the association was to oate a law library by the subscription of stock by the members of the Mont- jmerv County Bar. The library at the time of its incorporation consisted of < rut 800 volumes. On the 24th day of December, 1868, the following officers si directors were chosen for the year 1869: Daniel A. Haynes, President; omas 0. Lowe, Treasurer; O. M. Gottschall, Secretary; D. A. Haynes, John . McMahon, C. L. Vallandigham, J. A. Jordan, E. S. Young. Thomas O. Lowe ■ 1 D. A. Houk, Directors. A constitution and by-laws were adopted March - 1869. During the past thirteen years, there has been made many valu- fie accessions to the library until it now contains 2,500 volumes, and is in a H're prosperous condition that at any time since its incorporation. The 1 unty Commissioners have reserved a room in the new court house, which, ven finished, will be used for the law library of the Bar Association. The I Vent officers of the association are: Warren Munger, President; John A. ■ Mahon, Vice President; John A. Shauck, Treasurer; Joel O. Shoup, Sec- tary and Librarian; Warren Munger, John A. McMahon, John A. Shauck, John i Sprigg, A. A. Winters, Quincy Corwin and O. M. Gottschall, Directors. 492 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAPTER XVIII MED [CAL SOCIETIES. THE MONTGOMERY COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. r HHIS society was organized September 15, 1849, and is now in the thirt J- second year of its existence, being one of the oldest, if not the oldest, the State. The following were charter members: Drs. H. G. Carey, Joshi Clements, Oliver Crook, John B. Craighead, John Davis, Elias Garst, Mieha Garst, Job Haines, Edmund Smith, Edwin Smith, H. K. Steele, John Steel Julius S. Taylor, D. B. Yan Tuyl and H. Van Tuyl. Nearly all of the original members have passed away, the oldest survivii members being Dr. John Davis and Dr. J. C. Reeve. The first officers of the society were: Dr. Edwin Smith. President; D M. Garst, Vice President; Dr. Edmund Smith, Secretary; Dr. D. B. Van Tuj Treasurer; Drs. Elias Garst, H. K. Steele, H. G. Carey, H. Yan Tuyl and < Crook, Board of Censors. The first meetings of the society were held in tl old Dayton Council chamber. Then, for a time, the doctors met at their ow residences, in turn. Since then, the meetings have been held in the parlors (Bibles and Testaments was furnished them to form a depository in that, 0 p. Since that date, the following branches have been formed, and are ac- ljl co-workers as auxiliaries to the Montgomery County Society, as is also the : ton Female Bible Society, which antedates it by seven years: 500 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. East Dayton Female Bible Society, German Township Bible Society, M; ami Township Bible Society, Jackson Township Bible Society, Perry Towi ship Bible Society, Clay Township Bible Society, Washington Township Bibl Society, Van Bnren Township Bible Society, Mad River Township Bible Si ciety, Wayne Township Bible Society, Butler Township Bible Society, Ha rison Township Bible Society, Randolph Township Bible Society, Madisc Township Bible Society, Jefferson Township Bible Society. To show the value of these societies as auxiliaries, pi’ior to their formatic only $363.77 was contributed by Montgomery County outside of Dayton, ar since, up to 1873, the amount realized was $9,830. 89, and in the past nil years has been steadily increasing. November 30, 1830, a Mr. Kincaid w; employed and paid $12 to canvass and supply German Township with Bible At a meeting held Api’il 5, 1836, two young men from Oxford College we: employed at a salary of $15 per month to explore the country and furnish t! destitute with the Scriptures, while others were working without compensatio n In the summer of 1848, four young men were employed for the same purposj and in March, 1856, Robert Anderson was regularly engaged as County Age to organize branches and supply Bibles. He began the work and had orga ized societies in one-third of the townships, when he was taken sick, and did after a lingering illness. In the following October, Rev. Samuel Scott w appointed to finish the work, and, in the summer of 1867, Charles Roder ca vassed the city very thoroughly. There are now in the sixteen branch societi about one hundred and forty local agents, mostly ladies, who are appointed a nually, and are very efficient aids to the work. In addition to private familid the society has furnished a number of missions with Bibles; also the Y. M. A. rooms, jail, infirmary, Soldiers’ Home, and the hotels of the city with copy for each room, free of charge. During the war, thousands of Bibles we furnished to the several regiments passing through the city for the seat war. The railways passing through Dayton have also been supplied wi Bibles and Testaments. Since its organization, the Montgomery County Bit Society has distributed the following number of Bibles and Testaments: From 1823 to 1833, 1,774 copies; from 1833 to 1843, 3,450; from 1843 1853, 1,965; from 1853 to 1863, 9,478; from 1863 to 1873, 38,196; from 18 to 1876, 1,917. For the next three years the cost of the b joks distributed is given, and r the number of volumes. The records of the society show that $559.53 was p£ for Bibles and Testaments distributed during the years 1877, 1878 and 18 r In the latter year, the society sold its stock of books on hand to the Unit Brethren Publishing House, where the depository had been kept for ma years, since which time they purchase whatever number of copies is want from time to time. In 1880, seventy -seven families were found destitute aji supplied with Bibles free of charge. In his report for 1881, the Secret; says: “ Bibles and Testaments costing the society $116.06 have been donat: during the year, many being supplied to the soldiers at the National Hon with very satisfactory results, as attested by the Chaplain, Rev. William Eai shaw, and others by the Woman’s Christian Association, which very efficient co-operates in the work of our society, and, although not an auxiliary, as w* the female Bible societies in years past, in a great measure is a worthy suecj sor in their work.” The township of Harrison was canvassed by Mrs. M; C. King, and twenty-three copies of the Scriptures supplied to destitute fan- lies. This venerable lady is the only survivor of that band of Christian wom who organized the first Bible society in Montgomery County. Since its org; ization, this society has contributed to the American Bible Society the sum $15,131.31, Every church in Montgomery County in harmony with this: ciety takes up an annual collection, which goes to support the work in har HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 501 rom this source the society derives its principal assistance, although many rivate donations are received yearly. Judging from the Secretary’s last re- nt, there seems to be a lack of interest in the cause throughout the county at ie present time, and little is being done by the township societies to forward ie work No doubt this apathy will soon give place to vigorous measures, id the good work prosecuted with its old-time energy. The female branches ive not been actively engaged for the past few years, and, although not liter - jjly disbanded, have to a certain extent ceased to have life, their work now be- ta efficiently carried on by the Woman’s Christian Association. The present officers are as follows: Patterson Mitchell, President; D. L. ike, First Vice President ; Henderson Elliott, Second Vice President: A. M. owell, Secretary; J. C. Reber, Treasurer; Eugene Wuichet, Corresponding pcretary; Rev. W. J. Shuey, Depositary. Directors- Alexander Gebliart, First Lutheran Church; Henry Dornbusch, erman M. E. Church; L. D. Reynolds, Grace M. E. Chinch; Edward Bren- eman, Fourth Presbyterian Church; C. V. Osborn, Park Presbyterian Church; . Woodhull, Memorial Presbyterian Church; D. E. McSherry, Raper M. E. hureh; Frank Mulford, First Presbyterian Church; E. A. Daniels, Third treet Presbyterian Church ; Joseph Bigger, United Presbyterian Church; ihn Schoenherr, Evangelical Church ; E. A. Parrott, First Presbyterian hurch; John H. Weller, Park Presbyterian Church; Rev. G. A. Funkhouser, Inited Brethren Church; Rev. W. T. Maxwell, African M. E. Church. MONTGOMERY COUNTY SABBATH SCHOOL UNION. While 1882 is the semi-centennial anniversary of the organization of the lontgomery County Sabbath School Union, the good work had really begun early twenty years before the society was organized. April 10. 1815, the Female Bible and Charitable Society of Dayton was raed. The good works and influence of that band of women, among whom et'e Presbyterians, Methodists and New-Lights, led to the establishment of le Presbyterian Sabbath school in 1817, and the next year that of the Meth- list Sabbath school that held its sessions in the old academy on St. Clair Ireet, opposite the park. Shortly after that, union meetings of the two Sab- kth schools were regularly held. In 1822, the County Bible Society was or- anized. The Montgomery County Sabbath School Union was organized at a meeting held at the Presbyterian Meeting-House, at the corner of Second and udlow streets, Dayton, on AVednesday, February 15, 1832. Dr. John Steele was Chairman of the meeting, and E. M. Burr, Secretary, ad upon motion of the Rev. Ethan Allen, of the Episcopal Church, it was de- trained to organize the society. The following officers were chosen for the year: President, George B. Holt; Vice Presidents, Hon. Joseph H. Crane, Dr. ohn Steele, AVilliam L. Helfenstein; Secretary, James Young; Treasurer, vhlliam Davie; Executive Committee, Rev. E. Allen, Rev. F. Putnam, Rev. v illiam Yonge, Ira I. Fenn. Board of Directors — Rev. L. H. Belville, Benjamin Maltbie. John AVood- ian, AY Munger, C. Taylor, John McClure, James Guthrie, John Protzman, amuel Kelly, Samuel King, John H. AVilliams, Moses Greer, Philip Bilbee, leorge Spinning, Joseph Kennedy, George Drill. Luke Fish, Norman Fenn, ' illiam Sawyer, Elias Matthews, Moses Shearer. William Mason, James En- |ey, James Steele, G. T. Bostwick. Now, in the year 1882, there are about one hundred Sabbath schools in Ye county; seventy-three of them report regularly to the County Sabbath chool Union; twenty-seven of them do not. i ) 502 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAPTER XX Agriculture — Horticulture — Pioneer Association — Farmers Club. SOUTHERN OHIO FAIR ASSOCIATION, SUCCESSORS TO MONTGOMERY COUNTY N February 28, 1846, the Legislature by law created the “ Ohio State Boar of Agriculture,” a body corporate of fifty-four members, representing tk several'counties of the State, with perpetual succession, agreeable to laws and rule expressed in the act creating the Board. Henry Protzman, a prominent citizen c this county, was selected as the representative of the county. As to the time c service of each member, it was provided that one-half of the terms were to expir annually, and the members to determine their terms by lot. The Board were t meet each year at Columbus. The President of each county agricultural associs tion was ex-officio a member of the Board. At the meeting of the Board, the several reports of the county societies wci read, vacancies filled, and a general deliberation and discussion held as to th wants and necessities of the agricultural interests of the State. The act passed creating this Board also provided “ that when thirty or mod persons organized themselves into a society for the improvement of agriculturt and having adopted rules and by-laws agreeable to the Ohio State Board, an when there had been raised by initiation fees subscription or donation of a sum c money not less than $ 50, then upon a presentation of a certificate of the fact b the President of the Association to the Auditor of the county, then the county wa required to donate an equal amount, provided the same did not exceed §>200. This was the first step on the part of the State of Ohio offering encouragement t the formation of county agricultural societies. In 1853 these associations were declared “ bodies corporate,” with th “ authority and power of holding real estate in fee simple. ” Counties were als further authorized to contribute to these respective organizations. From that dat and following that act the various agricultural associations began the purchase c grounds and the building of permanent improvements thereon. The first, attempts at the formation of agricultural societies were in 1849 The prominent persons in the undertaking, and those who gave it character an devoted their time and energies in their efforts to promote its usefulness and sue cess, were Col. H. Protzman, Col. Partridge, Col. Jeff Patterson, Judge Boll Charles Anderson, afterwards Governor of Kentucky, Daniel Kiser, Henry M Brown, Isaac Inskip and Robert W. Steele. Col. Henry Protzman had the honor of being selected as the President of th first Agricultural Association of Montgomery County. The first fairs were held in the wagon yard in the rear of and belonging tf Swaynie’s Hotel, East First Street. The stabling and sheds furnished ampl accommodations for the cattle and other stock on exhibition. Fairs were bel here for two or three years. The receipts were not large. When they did not equal and balance the ex penditures, the difference Avas usually made up by donations from enterprising an public-spirited citizens. The principal purpose in view on the part of the managers was the educatioi of the people into an appreciation of the benefits of these associations an exhibitions. AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION. ITS MANAGERS, ETC, HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, 503 With probably two exceptions, Robert W. Steele and Gov. Anderson, these nn are all dead. They were representative men of their day. The records of t > labors and efforts of these men in this field of education and advancement of alricultural and industrial knowledge, will last as a noble and imperishable monu- nt to their memories. The officers of the Association in 1846 were Col. H. Protzman, President; D, Her, Vice-President; Robert W. Steele, Secretary. Three acres of ground were leased of Daniel Kiser, north of Dayton, where fair was held for three or four years, when from lack of public patronage it was /continued, and no fairs were held in this county until the fall of 1852. In /gust of that year a number of gentlemen met at City Hall for the purpose of x iving the Association. An organization was effected with William Brown as resident; Daniel Thatcher, Vice-President; Robert W. Steele, Treasurer; and ver Kitteridge, Secretary. This was the first organization of the Montgomery County Agricultural Asso- v tion under the laws and rules of the Ohio State Board. On October 21 of tit year a fair was held on the original “ stamping grounds,” Swaynie’s wagon j rd. A reference to the financial success of the exhibition may not prove uninter - ejing as an indication of the amount of funds necessary to conduct a fair in those d/s, and also as suggestive of the very generous patronage of the public in an en- t tainment for its benefit only. RECEIPTS. EXPENDITURES. Ijnbership Fees $271 00 Eirance Fees 80 00 illations 5 11 ptal $356 11 Paid Premiums $232 50 Expenses 89 04 Total $321 54 Balance in Treasury $34 57 In 1853 the State Fair was held in the bottoms south of Washington Street. 3je County Fair held at the same place in October. At the close of the fair in 1854 the Association found themselves $ 900 in debt. In 1855 the membership increased to 1000, the fair a success, and debt of /00 cancelled. In that year ten acres of the present grounds were purchased, a|l in 1856 the fair was first held on the site of the present grounds. We will now briefly review the management of the Association up to its suc- tion in 1874 by the Southern Ohio Fair Association. In 1852 its managers were James Hall, John Calhoun, William Gunckle, my Shideler and J. C. Vorhees. In 1853 Joseph Cline, John Calhoun, Samuel Rohrer, John Yount and Wil- lm Gunckle. In 1854 S. Rohrer, D. Kiser, J. Chambers, D. Prugh and G. Evans. At their fall meeting the total receipts from all sources were $ 849. Total oenditures $849. In 1856 Robert W. Steele, President; S. Rohrer, Vice-President; C. Kitte- >:ge, Secretary; H. M. Brown, Treasurer. Directors — D. Kiser, J. Bull, J. T. glesy, H. D. Wagoner and A. Sunderland. Total receipts 1856, $3,843.66. tal expenditures $3,843.66. In 1857 Robert. W. Steele, President; W. C. Davis, Vice-President; 0. Kitte- ge, Secretary; D. H. Dryden, Treasurer. Total receipts $1,582.93. Total ex- jhditures $1,455.83. Balance in Treasury $127.10. In 1858 W. C. Davis, President; Jeff Patterson, Vice-President; D. H. Dry- came to this county in 1808; William Gunckel, born in Germantown, Ohio, 1; 9, 1809; Eddy Fairchild, born in Morristown, N. J., February 19, 1810, canal Dayton in 1815 ; Moses Simpson, born in Essex Co., N. .J., September 5, 17) came to Ohio in 1813; David Osborn, born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, May 22, 17 settled in Dayton in 1805; Culbertson Patterson, born in Fayette Co., Ey., Aug 27, 1797, caine to this county in 1800; Solomon Butt, born in Rockingham < Va., May 3, 1803, came to this county in October, 1809; Charles H. Spiunij! born in Essex Co., N. J., February 5, 1793, came to Montgomery County in 16 Henry L. Brown, born in Dayton, December, 3, 1814; R. P. Brown, born 1 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 509 Cyton, December 6, 1811; Beriah Tharp, born in North Carolina, September 15, 1,8, came to this county in 1802; Peter Lehman, born in Frederick Co., Md., , . nary 2, 1798, came to Dayton in 1805; Samuel D. Edgar, born in what is now vii River Township, March 25, 1806; Ephraim Lindsley, born in Morristown, \| J., January 28, 1808, came to Dayton in 1811; George Olinger, born in Bed- xl Co., Pa., February 18, 1793, came to this county in 1811; Daniel Wertz, bin in Franklin Co., Pa., December, 1781, came to Montgomery County in 1818; eph B. H. Dodson, born in Dayton, September 10, 1817; John Waymire, n in Butler Township, August 30, 1808; John Clark, born in this county, Feb- nry 12, 1813; William Neibel, born in Rockingham Co., Va., May 17, 1805, jded m Miami Township in October, 1810; J. D. Phillips, born in Dayton, [kember 30, 1812; Alfred Hoover, born in Randolph Township, August 10, 1809; SD. Stout, bom in Somerset Co., N. J., came to Ohio in June, 1811; John Tiggim, born in Ireland, October 30, 1810, came to Dayton in 1818; Hugh Wiggim, 1 a in Ireland in 1814, settled in Dayton in 1818; Levi Wollaston came to Cyton, August 6, 1816. Under the first constitution any person who came to the county previous to liO, was eligible to membership, but in 1872 the constitution was so amended as '.admit any person who was fifty years in the county. The objects of the Associa- ti;i are the collection and preservation of the records, experiences, incidents and ajlitions of the early settlement of Montgomery County, in connection with the Lory of events, times and people of later days; also to encourage pioneer sim- ity of life, character and intercourse among members, as well as to foster habits oijndustry, integrity, sobriety, economy, goodness of heart, and friendly inter- arse in the walk, conversation and character of persons in younger life. The djt of May was chosen as the day upon which the annual meetings would be held, tiaonor of the date of the county’s organization. The following persons were the dt officers of the society: George B. Holt, President; Henry L. Brown, 1st Vice-President; William Vnsel, 2nd Vice-President; William Neibel, 3rd Vice-President; Samuel D. Egar, 4th Vice-President; Henry Waymire, 5th Vice-President; Ephraim Linds- Ifi; Secretary; Robert W. Steele, Treasurer; Rev. David Winters, Chaplain. Mr. Holt served as President of the Association until May, 1872, at which tie Henry L. Brown was elected, and officiated in that capacity three years. In A y, 1875, J. Thompson was chosen as President, serving one year, and in May, Is 6, was succeeded by Robert W. Steele, who also served but a year. In May, 1 '7, Elias Favorite was elected President, and re-elected annually up to the p sent. More than one hundred of Montgomery County’s pioneers nave signed ti Constitution since the organization of the Society. Many have died, removed, o.ceased to attend, and unless the Constitution is again changed, so as to admit ajater generation, but a few short years will elapse until the Montgomery County Sneer Association will be a thing of the past, and those now composing it laid to rt with their fathers. The officers for 1882, are: Elias Favorite, President; James F. Thompson, 1st Vice-President; George \ Kemp, 2nd Vice-President; Henry Waymire, 3rd Vice-President; George Viggoman, 4th Vice-President; William Wagner, 5th Vice-President; J. S. badwell, Treasurer; S. M. Sullivan, Secretary; Rev. David Winters, Chaplain. MONTGOMERY COUNTY FARMERS’ CLUB. On the 20th of April, 1872, a number of the citizens of Montgomery County Et at the residence of John Kennedy, Harrison Township, for the purpose 0 organizing a Farmers’ Club, whose object would be to bring together the lead- in agriculturists of the county, at stated times, for the purpose of discussing Gjects of material interest to the farming community. A constitution and 1 laws governing the club were presented and adopted, and the following offi- 510 HISTORY OR MONTTOMERY COUNTY. cers chosen: Nicholas Ohmer, President; John Kennedy, Vice-President; N. Kimmel, Secretary; James Appelgate, Treasurer. The constitution and by-laws provided that “any person may become member of this society by the payment of f 1 annually to the treasurer wii of members without additional fee,” also that the officers he elected annua and that regular meetings be held on the third Saturday of each of the followi months, viz., April, May, June, July, August, September, October and Nove her. Those meetings are held at the residence or grounds of members, and excellent dinner, paid for out of the funds of the club, is a part of the day’s pj gramme. An annual address is delivered by the President, and at every meeti a member, selected for the occasion, delivers a well prepared essay on some subj< connected with agriculture. In April, 1873, the following officers were electe John Kennedy, President; Nicholas Ohmer, Vice-President; M. N. Kimm Secretary; James Appelgate, Treasurer. Many interesting essays and discussions have been the result of fcko monthly meetings, and incalculable good rendered to intelligent farming. In April, 1878, Mr. Ohmer was again elected President, and he has be re-elected annually up to the present. M. N. Kimmel was re-elected annua as Secretary from the organization of the club up to 1879, when Henry Wa mire succeeded him, at the annual election of that year. Mr. Waymire serv until the annual election of 1881, when J. A. Bigger was elected Secretary, wki position he now occupies. In April, 1874, John Stroup was elected Vice-President and re-elected a nually up to the present. At the same meeting A. D. Wilt was elected Treasui of the club and served until April 20, 1878, having been re-elected eveiy yes On the latter mentioned date Robert Bradford was chosen as Treasurer and i elected annually since. Every officer of the club has been energetic and efficiei and all the members have contributed something towards elevating and enligt ening the views of farmers on many subjects. The club is now in a flourishing condition, and beside the practical Irnov edge obtained by the exchange of views and earnest, intelligent discussu among the members, those meetings are conducive of much social pleasure ai happiness. They bring the farming community closer together, thereby encoura ing habits of social intercourse among farmers. No doubt many lasting frien ships have begun at these gatherings and many warm attachments cemented mo firmly. In connection with the Horticultural Society the club have purchasi china ware and have had it decorated with the names of both societies, thus lea ing to members a souvenir, which, with the passing years, will be a reminder many by-gone happy hours. A number of Dayton’s best citizens are membe of this club and have always given it their support and encouragement. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 511 CHAPTER XXI. one Asylum — Infirmary — Children’s Home — Woman’s Christian Association — German Baptists — Gypsies. SOUTHERN OHIO STATE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. HO has reason to be proud of her institutions, for no State has grander, none better furnished and in none are better accommodations provided. In the Ohio t e Institutions, not only the erection of buildings, fitting up, and furnishing of a a is done by the State, but every dollar of expenses is drawn from the State AiSury. No one, rich or poor, pays for treatment or board, and where aints, from any cause, are not clothed, the State clothes them. She houses, le i, clothes, and furnishes medical attendance. The poor have to be cared for by inublic under any system, the rich pay the taxes for them, and, when insane, lild be entitled to the same advantages; hence, both alike enjoy the advan- vffl of treatment and care free of expense. In 1851, the asylum at Columbus was the only one in the State, and was nm as the “Ohio Lunatic Asylum.” Its capacity was 300 patients. To-day 1 «; are in Ohio asylums about 3,600 patients. Prof. S. M. Smith, who was u rintendent of tb e “ Ohio Lunatic Asylum” in 1851, estimated the insane of iritate that year at 2,000, of which only 300 were provided tor, while more than Kbf God’s afflicted were refused admission during the year. He says: “ By the A accounts I have received, 120 were in the Commercial Hospital of Cincinnati, red in narrow and wretched quarters, that, with all the exertions of the excell - if'fficers of the hospital, their condition is lamentable in the extreme, and has el again and again pronounced by the grand jury of Hamilton County to be dis- - caiful to the age. Some counties, however, have made, or are making, very '( provision for such of their insane as cannot be admitted here. The jails ch counties as have no infirmaries, are crowded with poor, fettered lunatics. Hreds remain to be accounted for whose lot is too horrible to be believed, con- i' in cellars and out-houses, or in log pens; suffering the extremity of cold inter, exposed to a burning sun in summer; pelted with sticks and stones, as i musement, by unthinking school-boys; a scanty meal tossed in through a o>w aperture, as to a wild beast; their dens — for that is the only appropriate i I can apply to them — cleaned out of the accumulated filth at distant intervals. ■ is romance? No! indeed, no! it is sad and sober truth.” Truly, a dark ol obscured the future of the insane. The State was steadily progressing in other directions, population increasing, 1C uth it the number of insane. As a result of the recommendations of Dr. Smith 'Cithers, the following winter the Legislature passed an act, dated April 30, " entitled “ An act to provide for the erection of two additional lunatic asy- “ ” Prof. H. A. Ackley, E. B. Fee, D. B. Woods, Charles Cist, and Edwin u ! composed the Board appointed under the act. An appropriation of $140,- l( yas made by the Legislature for the purpose of. building two asylums, and the i:l met at Cleveland, May 18, 1852, and upon the following day agreed to visit H ent Eastern asylums, and take with them an architect who was to prepare a: f° r the new buildings. The Board visited Philadelphia, Trenton and Har- dyg, but Mr. Bush, of Dayton, the architect employed, failing to meet the Board iladelphia, Samuel Sloan, of the latter city, was engaged to draw up plans 512 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. for the two asylums. Mr. Bush subsequently made drawings of the asylums Trenton and Harrisburg. On the 7th of July the Board met at Cincinnati, and c the 8th at Dayton, and resolved not to locate either of the two asylums at an point, unless 50 acres of land were donated for the purpose. On the 9th a voi was taken to locate the northern asylum at Canton, which was defeated, the Boai deciding to locate it in the vicinity of Cleveland. An effort was made to secui the location of the southern at Cincinnati, which failed, and on the 10th of J'u Dayton was selected as the site. On the 1st of September the selection of tl ground was made, the same being in the northeast corner of Section 32, Van Bure Township, and September 6th the County Commissioners appropriated $500 ti ward paying for the land, the balance of the purchase money being donated by ti citizens. The site is one of the most beautiful in Ohio, and seems to have bet specially designed by nature for such an institution. It overlooks the city Dayton, and the Miami Valley spreads out in a magnificent panoramic view, d lighting the eye and filling the heart of the beholder with awe and reverence.. Ti original contract for building the Dayton Asylum was let to Daniel Richmond Co., for $67,350.50, beside the money expended in payment of architects, superi tendent, traveling expenses, etc. June 22, 1854, Joseph Clements, M. 1)., w: appointed by the Board Superintendent of the Dayton Asylum, and the sail year Dr. C. M. Godfrey, of Ottawa, was appointed a member of the Board, and h since served many terms in that capacity. In his first report the Superintendejj says: “ Very little has been done towards grading the grounds; no library, eig iron bedsteads, no smoke-house or ice-house.” The current expenses wei $4,900.52, and the number of patients 59. In April, 1856, the institution was i organized, an entire new Board of Trustees appointed, and on April 23rd, Dr. J. Mcllhenny was elected Superintendent. The number of patients 133, cum expenses $13,233.14. For 1857, the same administration continues, except Ij Richard Gundry is appointed assistant instead of Dr. Poague, resigned. Strauch and J. W. Van Cleve furnished plans for improving the grounds. T number of patients 161, current expenses $28,781.65. For 1858, the report skr 161 patients, and the current expenses $26,309.70. October 2, 1858, the roofii of the southwest wing blew off. Some improvements were made in out buildinj and grading the grounds. In 1859, a workshop, two stories high, 36x22 feet, wj erected and a lake made; 156 patients reported and $25,180.13 current expenst In 1860, there were 157 patients cared for, and the current expenses were $2* 142.75. A severe storm this year blew off forty squares of roofing. The groun were much improved during the past season, trees were planted, consileral grading and sodding done, and the roads within the enclosure were nearly all coi pleted. In 1861, 159 patients were reported and $32,630.59 current expense; also the grading was reported finished, which cost altogether, upon the front of t building up to that date, nearly $6,000. April 15, 1862, Dr. Richard Guru! was appointed Superintendent. The number of patients at the end of the yt was 161, and current expenses $24,043.13. There were 24 acres of landpurchas costing $3,750. In 1863, the current expenses were $31,254.06, and the mr her of patients 163. In 1864, current expenses $41,584.93, and 162 patien In 1865, patients 171, current expenses $48,623.17. In 1866 a kitchen was bui a rear corridor rebuilt, and $40,000 appropriated for building new wings. The Board contracted with James W. McLaughlin, of Cincinnati, as archite to prepare necessary plans and specifications for the proposed addition to the bub mg. The number of patients reported this year was 170, and $46,362.55 cum expenses. In 1867, work upon the new wings was rapidly pushed forward a another appropriation made of $62,500. Daily average of patients 172, cum expenses, $45,452.88. The report of 1868 shows that Dr. Gundry had so far si ceeded in his indefatigable effoits to secure the new wings, that the Trust report that they hope to occupy the new wards by February, 1869. The total < WAYNE TP cA n WAYNE , TP. HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 617 j » .. Jiture upon these wings up to date of the report was $187,146.13, and the Tjistees reported the financial condition of the institution good. A wind storm b|\v down the cow-shed, upper story of the stable, and carriage house; also slously damaged the gas-liouse. The sum of $6,000 was appropriated to repair tljs damage and the Board reported that five times in twelve years, extensive por- ti is of the roofing have been carried off by storms. Number of patients, 174, cur- fit expenses, $ 46,130.25. In the year 1869 the new wards were occupied by , icnts, and Drs. W. J. Conklin 4 and H. B. Nunemalter were appointed assistant wsicians, Dr. Bell resigning. The total expenses of the new wings, up to this ti e was $ 290,000. The daily average ofpatients was 255, and the current ex- pises $61,471.99. The daily average of patients for 1870 was 481, and the current elenses $99,285.78. In 1871 the daily average of patients was 581, and the cur- rcjit expenses $103,273.82. This year a large portion of the roofing was again fin off, thus causing much labor and expense. Dr. Rutter was appointed distant, in place of Dr. Nunemaker, resigned. The report for 1872 shows the dly average of patients to have been 609, and the current expenses $98,310.58. In this year the Superintendent, Dr. Richard Gun dry, was selected by the Leg- isture to complete, furnish and open the Athens Asylum, where he remained four vlrs, and was then selected to do a like work at the Columbus Asylum. It w! mainly through Dr. Gundry’s indefatigable exertions, that the Dayton Asylum Wi so rapidly brought to its present high standard among the institutions of the lion. Without casting any reflection upon those worthy Superintendents who plceded and followed him, it is but justice to say that none did so much wards building up this institution, and making it one of the foremost Asylums irhe land, as Dr. Grundy. All honor to those men who have labored so assidu- ity and faithfully in alleviating the sufferings of poor, afflicted humanity. May fciir names never be forgotten, but be inscribed indelibly, on the pages of history. Dr. S. I. F. Miller succeeded Dr. Gundry as Superintendent of the Dayton iylum, and Dr. Conklin resigned his place as assistant, having served two and 03-half years in that capacity. In 1873 the daily average of patients was 569, al the current expenses $87,000. Dr. Miller resigned in June, 1873, and Dr. her was acting Superintendent until one was appointed. Dr. McLain resigned b position as assistant, and Dr. John M. Carr was appointed. In this year s,aIl-pox broke out in the Asylum and was not eradicated until the large brick bjise, known as the Dr. William Egry property, was secured for a pest-house. In 174 the number of patients was 526, and the current expenses $90,367.36. This y?r the benevolent institutions of the State were re-organized. Dr. Clark had pre- 'viisly succeeded Dr. Miller as Superintendent of the Dayton Asylum, and after s'ving about two years resigned, and was followed by Dr. L. R. Landfear, who vs appointed in 1875. This latter year the daily average of patients was 578, and 0 'rent, expenses $86,213.29. In 1876 the institutions were again re-organized, 4 Dr. Landfear, who had previously been re-appointed, was allowed to remain. Je daily average of patients was 596, and the current expenses $91,173.85. In R7 the current expenses were $88,000 and the daily average ofpatients 571. In i/8 another re-organization took place, and Dr. D. A. Morse was elected Superin - t .dent. The daily average of patients for this year was 492, .and the current eoenses $87,255.01. Dr. P. N. Adams was appointed an assistant this year, to t the vacancy caused by the resignation of Dr. C. A. Hoff. In 1879 the report ges the daily average of patients as 578, and the current expenses $82,167.55. 7 e report for 1880 shows that in May of that year Dr. H. A. Tobey was elected bperintendent, to succeed Dr. Morse, who resigned. Dr. Tobey took charge July -> °f that year; Drs. John M. Carr and P. N. Adams were continued as assist- Gs, and Dr. George B. Evans added to the corps of assistants. The daily average (J patients was 594, and the current expenses $101,035.33, yet it is but fair to Y ^at more than $10,000 of this amount was used in paying debts con- 518 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. tracted previous to this year. Dining the year 1881, telephones were putin t building, new gas works built, costing about $10,000, an adequate and extend water system completed at a cost of $5,000; a new lake made, and a deer-pi constructed, where formerly stood a liog-lot. Many other improvements have been made and still others contemplated, wli in the near future will be finished. Among the latter is an addition on the rea; '] the main building, which will give eighteen additional rooms for employees,!] whom there are ninety-seven, and six rooms to the administration buildings', bes giving a chapel back of amusement hall and increasing by one-fourtli the sizt I the latter. An appropriation of $17,500 is now on hand to pay for those need improvements. In 1881 six fire plugs were put in along the front of the bnildi which, with the seven plugs in the rear, afford first-class protection against fire. Jl one -inch streams of water can be thrown over any part of the building, thus di onstrating the perfection of the water system recently built. The daily average ni - her of patients during 1881 was591, and the current expenses $98,530.67. Forl8, $8.00(5 has been appropriated for boilers, beside the $17,500 already spoken The Asylum now contains 190 acres in all, though the land is somewhat s<- tered. The building is 800 feet long upon the front, has ten female and nine n: ; wards, and the total cost of lands and buildings upon them, up to November , 1878, was $520,000, and no doubt ere this has reached $600,000, as many necess , improvements have been made during the past three years. The grounds s- rounding the Asylum are beautifully laid out, and on the front and east sides j inclosed by a substantial iron fence. In front of the building is a circular dri , enclosing a smooth, grassy lawn, dotted with ornamental trees, while to the ri; t and left handsome drives branch off from the central one, which are fringed w ) beautiful shade trees, thus cutting the landscape into artistic designs, pleasing ) the eye. Flower beds here and there break the monotony of the green sward ni lend themselves to beautify the scene. In the rear of the buildings are two prt; lakes, sodded to the water’s edge and enclosed by a substantial gravel drive, i their banks grow stately trees, while artificial cascades and miniature islands k 1 to art an appearance of nature. These lakes are principally the creation of ; present genial and efficient Superintendent, who has always done everything in s power, inside and outside of the Asylum, to add to the comfort and well-being those unfortunates over whom he has been placed. The grounds and buiidii i are kept scrupulously neat and clean, while systematic order pervades through 1 ; the whole institution. .The following are the names of the present Board : Trustees and resident officers: Board of Trustees. — S. A. Baxter, M. D., President; C. M. Godfrey, M. 1 J. D. Kemp, M. D. ; Joseph Clegg; John M. Milligan. Superintendent acting Secretary. Resident Officers. — H. A. Tobey, M. D., Superintendent; John M. Carr, D., P. N. Adams, M. D., and George B. Evans, M. D., Assistant Physicians; Joj L. Hughes, Steward; Mrs. Minnie C. Tobey, Matron. INFIRMARY. The Montgomery County Infirmary is a plain, substantial brick building, si| ated a few miles southwest of Dayton, in Jefferson Township, and located on farm of 166 acres. The present building dates back to 1852, and is the first si stantial building for an infirmary that was ever erected. As has been stated in previous chapter, the Poor Farm was purchased more than fifty years ago, and 1 always been the same in extent. We find from the records that in the June s< sion of 1826 the County Commissioners nominated and appointed the followii named persons to take charge of and manage the affairs of the poor, viz.: Ain ham Darst, John Folkerth, John C. Negly, Abraham Troxell, Henry Oldfath Edmund Munger and John Elirstim. They were ordered to meet on the thi HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 519 dirday in June on the Poor Farm. These men met as directed and organized iMecting Gen. Edmund Monger President, and John Folkerth Secretary — a |es B. Oliver was given charge of the Poor House and farm until the follow- i March, and John Folkerth was ordered to draw up rules prescribing the duties ofjhe President and Secretary and present them for the consideration of the icp at their next meeting. William Darst and William Oldfather were appoint- djisiting committee to meet at the Poor House the following July. This first rifting took place June 19, 1826. After this date the Board met regularly to audit d;l and receive the report of the examiners on the condition of the poor and alngements for their comfort. The constantly increasing population of the oity, as a matter of course, increased the number of paupers from year to year, rl the first building was found inadequate to the demands, and as early as 1831 hidirectors, with the consent of the County Commissioners, ordered the Superin- e lent to erect a building of hewn logs 40x16 feet, which was done. Thus '■ridings were erected from time to time for the growing wants of the poor, hut to mostly of a temporary character and put up at a comparatively small ex- pe[se, until 1852, when the County Commissioners, recognizing the growing nSssities, concluded to have erected a substantial building of brick. At their acting, held June 26, 1852, the Board ordered that I). Waymier be required to instruct the drawings and make specifications for material and workmanship eidred for said building, and that it be advertised that sealed proposals would be eijived for construction of the building up to July 10. This time was afterwards haded to July 17, when the Board accepted a proposition from Seyhold & Bag- e, they contracting to construct the same, according to the specifications, for i$J|40, and to have the walls erected by December 1, following. The final cost of tilbuilding, including everything, exceeded, by a considerable sum, the amount need, and, it is stated by good authority, was nearly $ 12, 000. The building, as erected by them, is substantially the infirmary of to-day, nigh there have been several additions, a house for the insane and numerous mbuffiings being among the number. The cost of keeping the poor has increased in proportion to the increase of 'illation and wealth of the county. Thus we find in 1835 that the expenses f 1,219.10; in 1850, $1,972.66; in 1860, $10,000, and tax levied in 1880 minted to $22,847.13. At present there are 216 inmates, of which number 68 runsane. The present Superintendent is Isaac Haynes, who has held the posi- icisoine three years, and who keeps the institution in excellent and cleanly con- i or. The building is heated by steam and has hot and cold water throughout. I inmates have a regular physician who attends to their wants and dispenses i> icine from a drug store which is connected with the building. The health of i ntirmary at present is excellent, and speaks well for the care that is taken of a anmates. The only thing apparently needed at the present time is some ad- i 1 nal room to meet the increasing demands. It is believed something towards bjenlargement of the infirmary will be done an early day. MONTGOMERY COUNTY CHILDREN’S HOME. In 1844 the following ladies petitioned the Legislature to pass a bill incorpo- i ig the “Dayton Female Association for the benefit of orphans:” Catherine Hips, Sarah Parrott, Mary D. Este, Margaret Haines, Sarah M. Fry, Susan M. c:s, Catherine Clark, Jane W. Ells, Sarah King, Julia Barney, Hannah Richards, Jy Brown, Mrs. R. Green, Mrs. T. Blair, Mrs. E. A. Shed, Mary Bartlett, Mrs. 1 ir Wheelock and their associates. The act of incorporation was passed in Feb- %, 1844, and empowered the association, as a body corporate, with perpetual u ession, to provide by all suitable means for the comfort, maintenance and proper dpation of destitute orphans and other destitute children. The society was au- drized to purchase, receive, hold and convey such personal and real estate and 520 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. property as was necessary in carrying on the institution, provided tlie same did i exceed $20,000. The payment of $1 annually was the membership fee, and i payment of $5 at one time constituted a life membership. The laws, rules' < regulations governing the society were such as are commonly used by like asso , tions. The citizens of the county contributed means to buy the land and erei small brick building for an asylum, on Magnolia street, in Dayton, which was 1 1 for an orphans’ home until the erection of the new home across the Miami Ri ■ Dr. Job Haines was an active worker in the establishment of the first childr home, wdiich was carried on in a small way until about 1860, when new life sei to have been infused into it by the indefatigable exertions of Mrs. Richard Ba < who came to Dayton in 1858. This noble woman, imbued with a spirit of love i charity for suffering humanity, began at once to infuse into the association j , energy and desire for doing good that characterized her own life. She soon i . a leading position in every worthy and charitable work, became President of Dayton Orphan Association, and commenced gathering in Christ’s little ones, i relieving suffering, sorrow and distress, which holy work she continued until : tober 22, 1870, when she peacefully passed away to a blissful immortality. M other noble women have labored zealously in the cause and passed their year i ministering to and caring for those little ones, of whom Christ said: “Suffer II children to come unto me, for of such is the kingdom of heaven.” It cannot be questioned that untold good was done by this old association, wl came to an end by the Commissioners taking the institution under their cart Legislature passed a law March 20, 1866, authorizing the establishment of ehildr homes, and under that act the County Commissioners resolved to take charge of children in the Dayton Orphan Asylum and occupy their building until a more c :i modious home could be erected. On February 28, 1867, C. Herchelrode, Roil W. Steele and Dr. C. McDermont were invited to take the supervision of the irji tution until an act pending in the Legislature amending the former one, shouli i decided. The managers of the old home having made an agreement with I: Sarah Snodgrass to board the children at the rate of $2.50 each per week, i same arrangement was continued by the new Board. On the 16th of April, Iff the Commissioners under the act passed April 10, 1867, appointed the same gen: men Trustees, Robert W. Steele for three years, C. Herchelrode for two years Dr. C. McDermont for one year. Mr. Steele was elected President and Herchelrode Secretary of the Board. At the same meeting Miss Rebecca R. Co. was appointed to teach a school at the Home, and this lady served con&uo in that capacity until June, 1881, when she resigned and the school was disc tinued, the children now attending the public schools. In May, 1867, Mrs. Si I grass having given notice of her intention to leave the institution on the first Iw i day in June, the Trustees resolved to employ a matron and furnish supplies. 1 Laura A. Hersey was appointed matron at a salary of $400 per year. On tin of June, 1867, James Anderson was appointed Secretary of the Board at a sa,j of $100 per annum, and Dr. H. K. Steele became attending physician. April: 1867, five acres of land in Harrison Township were purchased of B. F. Kulmi $1,000 per acre, upon which to erect a children’s home. June 15, 1867, thee tract for the building was awarded to Daniel Waymire & Co. for $32,800, anc., Rumbaugli appointed superintendent of the building. In July, 1867, four lots adjoining the Home grounds were purchased of J Paul, for $500, and the Children’s Home was finished and opened this year. April, 1868, Jesse Demint succeeded Dr. C. McDermont as a member of the Boaii Trustees, and September 12, 1863, the matron resigned and Mrs. M. A. Broad!, was appointed to fill the vacancy. April 6, 1869, the Secretary having resigned, P Marker was appointed to fill the position, he having been previously elected a ml. ber of the Board to succeed C. Herchelrode. June 7, 1869, the Commissioners! HISTOEY OF MONCtTOMEBY COUNTY. 521 i ed .Jos. R. Wagoner a member of the Board in place of Perry Marker, deceased, unexpired term he was to fill. William R. Tomlinson was appointed at i. meeting as Secretary and bookkeeper of the Board at a salary of $100 per year, . ras annually re-elected until he resigned June 3, 1876. June 12, 1869, Mrs. .n E. Snodgrass was appointed matron instead of Mrs. M. A. Broadbent, sired, and at a special session June 12, 1869, she was re-appointed. On the 7th inuary, 1870, Dr. J. C. Reeve was appointed attending physician to the Home. i|i 7, 1870, Marcus Eells was appointed a member of the Board in place of > rt W. Steele, whose term expired. April 2, 1870, Mrs. Lavine Baker was phted matron instead of Mrs. Snodgrass, resigned. February 6, 1871, Dr. Reeve Ye-appointed physicianof the Home, and in March of that year Jesse Demint ve-appointed as a member of the Board. June 5, 1871, Mrs. Anna Grady jipointed matron in place of Mrs. Baker, resigned. February, 5, 1872, Dr. ! e; was re-appointed physician of the Home, and March 4, 1872, -J. B. Wagoner Ye-appointed as his own successor on the Board; also Mrs. Grady as matron i Home. At the meeting March 3, 1873, Mrs. Grady was again re-appointed. , eeve was re-appointed in 1873 as attending physician. In February, 1874, b W. Turner was appointed a member of the Board vice Joseph R. Wagoner, scsed. March 2, 1874, .Jesse Demint was re-appointed as his own successor, A Grady as matron and Dr. Reeve as attending physician. n September, 1874, a contract was let for a new slate roof to the building at a st f $510, Wm. H. Scott, of Dayton, doing the work. During the same year an i] mce was built in front of the Home by Herhold & Hunter, at a cost of $2 per foot, e. measure. March 1, 1875, Mrs. Grady was re-appointed matron, and March l the Commissioners re-appointed John W. Turner on the Board of Trustees. i.iy, 1875, the building was re-furnished with lightning rods and the old ones t in part pay for the same, Henry Webber doing the job. March 6, 1876, the a. re-appointed Dr. Reeve as physician and Mrs. Grady as matron of the Home. Arch, 1876, the Commissioners appointed Robt. W. Steele as a member of the a of Trustees vice Marcus Eells, whose term expired. On the 5th of June, 7 Hiram Lewis was appointed Secretary in place of William R. Tomlinson, :! ed. On March, 1877, Oliver Zell was appointed a Trustee of the Home, suc- ‘ dig Jesse Demint, and, on March 31st, the Board re-appointed Mrs. Grady as t n of the Home, also appointing Dr. W. J. Conklin as attending physician. Yrck, 1878, John W. Turner was re-appointed as his own successor and Dr. i in as physician. On the 6th of May, 1878, Mrs. Mary E. Mants was appointed s ceed Mrs. Grady as matron of the Home, beginning her duties on May 13th. : ady has been appointed annually up to the present and has been one of the - efficient matrons the Home has ever had, having served in the Dayton Asylum, 11 Home, Iowa Home and Michigan State Public School, previous to taking 03 of this institution. In March, 1879, .Jesse Demint was appointed a member d Board, succeeding Robert W. Steele. March 22, 1879, Dr. J. C. Reeves •oded Dr. Conklin as attending physicianof the Home. In April, 1880, Thomas Igler succeeded Oliver Zell as a member of the Board of Trustees; Dr. Reeves s rappointed attending physician and C. J. Kuecht Secretary of the Board to in ■’ ; d Hiram Lewis, who had served four years as Secretary. In March, 1881, Laubach succeeded John W. Turner as a member of the Board of Trustees, I pril 16, 1881, Dr. Reeves was again re-appointed attending physician. In •ii, 1882, .James Turner w r as appointed a member of the Board vice Jesse Demint, II ‘ time had expired, and March 20, 1882, C. J. Kneclit was appointed Super- i lent and Clerk. An inventory of the personal property belonging to the : )! , February 24, 1882, values it at $7,152 and the current expenses and repairs e^past year were $13,094.60. Average number of children supported, 107, v ‘z. f 5 boys and 32 girls; cost per capita, $114.25. "ince this Home was built there have been 968 children cared for and 162 of ;e 1Q iber indentured. There are now 123 in the Home, 83 boys and 40 girls, 522 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. and 75 of the whole number are attending school. The rules of the Home are th when a child arrives at the age of sixteen it can no longer remain, but must go o' into the world for itself. The majority have been returned to their parents i friends, some have run off, while eighty have died since the Home was start* in 1867. The Home has yearly received a certain fund from the State for tl support of soldier’s children. This fund has been collected by Col. M. P. Nola and in some years has cut down the expenses of the Home to a very small margi The Home is a large tliree-storied brick building, with cupola and basemen and contains forty-two rooms, heated by steam and lighted with gasoline. In fro: is a nice lawn, dotted with ornamental and shade trees, while the main entran from Summit street is approached by a neat walk, giving to the whole a bom like appearance. In the rear is a brick building wherein is located the heath apparatus, and which is also used for a laundry, while conveniently situated is ti fuel house, a two-storied brick structure. The whole rear part of the Home groan is used for gardening purposes, where useful lessons of industry are sought to inculcated into the hearts of the children. The building is supplied with plenty light and ventilation, and throughout is convenient, clean and comfortable, approac ing as near a home as is possible for such an institution. No doubt many of those little ones have better attendance and more of ti physical comforts of life, than they could get with their parents, yet the strict routi of duty, expected and enforced, cannot be conducive to the intelligent dcvek ment of the child, and has a tendence to dwarf many of its finer instincts. T present officers are: Thomas A. Legler, H. H. Laubacli, James Turner, Tit tees; C. J. Knecht, Superintendent and Clerk; Mrs. MaryE. Mants, Matron; Gc Caswell, Steward and Fireman. THE WOMANS’ CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE SUPPORT OF WIDOWS AND DESTITU WOMEN. As is generally known, it was mainly through the efforts of Mrs. Eicba Bates, President of the Orphans’ Home, that an act of the Legislature was pass to transfer the property of the old Orphans’ Home to “an association for the sn port of destitute widows and other women.” To have such a home in Dayt was the cherished pleasure in the heart of this noble woman, foremost in eve good work. On the 6tlr day of May, 1868, Mrs. Bates wrote her last letter rei tive to this transfer, and on the 6th day of May, 1871, the association, with Mi Jno. H. Winters as President, took the last legal steps towards receiving the proper Thus was the daughter enlisted in consummating the mother’s cherished woil The legislative act allowing such associations to be incorporated was enact March 30, 1864, but the Dayton society was not formally organized until Nov. i 1870. In answer to a call made by a few Christian women of Dayton, a guoc number of ladies met in the parlor of the Y. M. C. A. hall, thus manifesting suij cient interest to justify a regular organization. The following officers were chosen for 1870-71: President, Mrs. J. H. Wi ters; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. J. B. King, Mrs. W. Herr, Mrs. H. N. Stephens, G responding Secretary, Mrs. J. Harry Thomas ; Recording Secretary, Miss Magi Cox; Treasurer, Mrs. PI. D. Carnell. Fiscal Trustees, Mr. John H. Winters, 3 R. W. Steele, Mr. C. H. Crawford. In order to extend the work, the association became an incorporate body adopting the name of “The Womans’ Christian Association, of Dayton, Ohio, :f the Support of Widows and Destitute Women.” Thus were they enabled to ceive the property and endowment fund of the Dayton Female Orphan Asyln which transfer was ultimately completed in the latter part of 1872. The buildi was out of repair and unsuitable for a dwelling, but much was done in needed ill provements towards making it more comfortable and liome-like. The home w opened for the reception of inmates Feb. 8, 1875, and publicly dedicated on t HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 523 1 day of May. Mrs. A. L. Connelly was its first matron and was succeeded Mrs. Addie Broadrup, who took charge in September, 1875. The objects of iiiiassociation are the spiritual, moral, mental, social and physical welfare of -ban. Any widow of good moral character over sixty years of age, belonging to >ayton, can be admitted to this home upon the payment of $ 100 to the en- ojnent fund, furnishing her own room, clothing and paying funeral expenses, u females destitute of funds, friends and home will also be admitted temporarily. bv;y inmate is required to pay for her board, either in money or work, and no who have employment outside of the home may enjoy its benefits by paying 2 er week. Family worship is observed morning and evening, all inmates •el g required to conform strictly to the rules of the institution, while the order ui decorum of a well-regulated Christian family is carefully adhered to. It is i o he intention in the management of this home to sustain suffering humanity i ti lleness, but to arouse, if possible, energy and ambition, and to help others to e themselves. Besides operating this home, the association has an Industrial School, where iiid! than 1,000 girls have been taught many useful branches of industry and a ing, thus fitting them for a moral and intelligent sphere in life’s battle. This ■bl, now numbering over 200 little girls, meets Saturday afternoons and for le.iast eight years has done untold good. The association have a committee 1 hi regularly visit the county jail, infirmary, workhouse and city prison; an em- ojnent committee untiring in their efforts to find work for willing hands ; a devoted u. of women, in charge of the fallen and tempted ones; a visiting committee of ilunteers in every ward who stand alw iys ready to answer to calls of distress iborrow, whether it be found in the homes of the rich or the poor, and a com- : die who hold regular services in the wards of the Soldiers’ Home Hospital, li association has struggled along for years, nobly doing its work, yet on account ie small size of the old “Widows’ Home,” which, at best, could shelter but seven peiijns at one time; much was left undone that witli better accommodations i t have been accomplished. The entire work of the society is voluntary, even jeuatron working without remuneration. The institution is- supported by pri- ll donotions, the offerings of charitable and benevolent people. It is true that 'it, derive means from the endowment fund of $5,000, which came into their jassion when the transfer was made. In 1881 $10,733 was raised by subscrip- oifor the purpose of erecting a new and more commodious Widows’ Home. ] P. Huffman gave two acres of ground for a site, and the work of erection ■ mediately began. They hope to have the home ready for occupants in the fall <82, and when completed it will cost about $20,000, which, with trusting, hjstian assurance, they feel will be dedicated free of debt. Officers and managers for 1881-82: President, Mrs. John H. Winters; h Presidents, Mrs. C. E. Corp, Mrs. Ann L. Martin, Mrs. W. D. Bickham; ! 'responding Secretary, Mrs. Geo. Keister; Recording Secretary, Mrs. Geo. W. °}en; Treasurer, Miss Mary Mitchell; Copyist, Mrs. Walter Smith; Matron of lelome, Mrs. Ellen Siddell; Fiscal Trustees, Mr. John H. Winters, Mr. R. W. ce, Mr. C. H. Crawford; Managers, Mrs. Janies R. Young, Mrs. David Geb- Mrs. D. E. McSlierry, Mrs. L. B. Allen, Mrs. Abia Zeller, Mrs. John V. i<3, Mrs. M. B. Parmely, Mrs. J. C. Kiefaber, Mrs. A. W. Beall, Mrs. Mary - lamsey, Miss Jennie Whitmore, Mrs. Leonard Moore. ft THE GERMAN BAPTISTS OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Being of German descent and Baptist in principle, we are properly termed e ran Baptists. But we are known also as “Tunkers” or “Dunkers.” The ■ rr-ipal name assumed by ourselves is simply Brethren. “One is your Master, tV( l Christ, and all ye are brethren.” Matt, xxiii, 8. In giving the following brief history of our people for this county, I assume 524 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. no responsibilities. I give simply a few of the main points pertaining to or early history, or re-organization of the church as commenced in Germany an completed in America, as I chance at present to have them at hand. Our early history can perhaps* be more accurately given than can our succesi increase, etc. This is owing to the fact that the meek and humble profession < our people has hitherto forbid them saying much about themselves that wou! betray any desire whatever for boasting, vain glory or display. But, when aske for particulars, as we have been by the publishers of this work, for the bett< acquaintance of ourselves to their readers and the community generally, we lies, tate not to give them a few particulars so far as our knowledge enables us so to d< Away beyond the great waters, in about the year 1700, at the time when the) existed in Germany a state of religious apostacy which seemed to some as a man fest evidence of a great decay in the vital principles and true devotedness to tl Holy ordinances and Divine commandments as set forth in the Divine Law of tl Lord, there were those there whose convictions were more refined, and whose cai dor as to the true services of the Lord forbid their longer union or adherent with such an apostate state of things ; and, being possessed, or largely imbued, ; it seems, by Divine instinct, with the Waldenses’ faith and principles, they haltc to enquire for a pure Christianity that they might re-establish the holy servici of the Lord in their primitive purity and simplicity. That there remained here and there traces of the ancient and much persi cuted Waldenses is reasonable to conclude from the following few quotatioi which I take from Brown’s Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, pages 114' 1148, 1149 and 1150. “The Waldenses themselves, in a conference with the Bohemians, declare that they had been dispersed through Lombardy, Calabria, Germany, Bohemi and other regions ever since the year 1160.” — Venamas Church History , Moshek UTilner, 'Tones, Tienedict. “It is now generally acknowledged that the Waldenses were the witnesses fi the truth in the Dark Ages, and that they gave the first impulse to a reform of tl whole Christian Church, so called.” “Waldenses, Valdenses, Vandeis, or ‘people of the valleys;’ the most cel brated body of Protestant dissenters during the Middle Ages. The history of thei ehurches of persecuted saints, these meek confessers, this noble army of martyr this most ancient stock of religion. * * * The evidence is now ample, tbi so far from being a new sect at that period (1170) .they had existed under varioi names as a distinct class of dissenters from the established churches of Greece au Rome in the earliest ages.” “The Cathari, or Puritan churches of the Novatians, also, had at that perk (about A. D. 825) been flourishing as a distinct communion for more than seveni years all over the empire (see Novatians). These Puritans, being exposed severe and sanguinary persecutions for dissent, from age to age, were compelled shelter themselves from the desolating storm in retirement; and when at intern they reappear on the page of contemporary history, and their principles are pro] agated with new boldness and success, they are styled a new sect, and receive new name, though in reality they are the same people. * * * They reappear the Paulicians, who have been falsely accused of Manichaeism, but who from tl middle of the seventh to the end of the ninth century worthily sustained by the preaching, their lives and their maityrdoms, their claim of being the genun descendants of the primitive churches.” (See Paulicians.) “If we will believe the testimony of the suffering Waldenses themselve their doctrine and discipline had been preserved in all its purity and efficacy, fro; the days of the primitive martyrs in Spain, France, Germany, Italy and especial) in the valleys of Piedmont.” I have made the above historical quotations to show, in part, that in the vai ous ages there has existed a people— though in different parts and under differe; HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 525 j:3ies — in whom God was careful to preserve the true worship. He has always Hi a people, though small the number at times, who would not and could not be olrcome by their enemies. Though oppressions and persecution dispersed them ail drove them from place to place and from land to land, smothering the true vrship of God to such an extent that it was with great difficulty under such try- j] times that it would rise again. Such was the true state of tilings in Germany e ly in the seventeenth century, when the Lord, in the hearts of a few, again re- •; ed His work, and at Swartzenau, in the land of Witgenstein, so overruled that r ? few could have a present place of refuge in that poor and rugged country util His holy worship could, in part, again be reinstated. With regard to the persecutions of these newly enlightened persons and their exceptions and views of the true faith, I will here submit a few facts from the votings of Alexander Mack, who was one among the number whose heart was iiuenced by divine impulse to re-establish the Lord’s worship. “Here and there private meetings were established beside the public church olanization, in which newly-awakened souls sought their edification. Upon this i. hearts of the rulers were embittered by an envious priesthood, and persecu- t: is were commenced in various places, as in Switzerland, Wurtemberg, the liatinate, Hesse and other places. “To those persecuted and exiled persons the Lord pointed out a place of riuge, or a little “Pella,” in the land of Witgenstein, where at that time ruled a njd count, and where some pious countess dwelt. Here liberty of conscience was anted at Slicwartzenau, which is within a few miles of Berlenberg. And from tfe cause, though Witgenstein is a poor and rough country, many people and tlse of various kinds collected at Schwartzenau, and this place, which had been b , little esteemed, became so much changed, that in a few years it became ex- fc< sively known. “Those who were brought together there from the persecutions, though they we distinguished by different opinions and also differed in manners and customs, w:e still, at first, all called Pietists, and they among themselves called each other hither. But very soon it appeared that the words of Christ, Matt, xviii, where he sijs, ‘If thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between tie and him alone,’ etc., could not be reduced to a proper Christian practice be- cise there was no regular order yet established in the church. Therefore, some Earned again to the religious denominations from which they had come out, bjjause they would not be subjected to a more strict Christian discipline. “Under these circumstances some felt themselves drawn powerfully to seek footsteps of the primitive Christians, and desired earnestly to receive in faith t, ordained testimonies of .Jesus Christ according to their true value. At the sjpe time they were internally and strongly impressed with the necessity of the oidience of faith to a soul that desires to be saved. And this impression also them at the time to the mystery of water baptism, which appeared unto them a;a door into the Church, which was what they so earnestly sought. “Finally, in the year 1708, eight persons consented together to enter into a c. enant of a good conscience with God, to take all the commandments of Jesus U'ist as an easy yoke, and thus to follow the Lord Jesus, their good and faithful s ipherd, in joy and sorrow, as his true sheep, even unto a blessed end. “These eight persons (five brethren and three sisters) covenanted and united t ‘ether as brethren and sisters into the covenant of the cross of Jesus Christ to km a church of Christian believers. And when they had found in authentic 1 tories that the primitive Christians in the first and second centuries, uniformly, a|ording to the command of Christ, were planted into the death of Jesus Christ l a threefold immersion into the water-bath of holy baptism, they examined dili- gitly the New Testament, and finding all perfectly harmonizing therewith, they ' re anxiously desirous to use the means appointed and practiced by Christ him- 526 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. self, and thus according to liis salutary counsel, go forward to the fulfillment of all righteousness. “After this the said eight persons were more and more powerfully strengthened in their obedience to the faith they had adopted, and were enabled to testify pub- licly in their meetings to the truth; and the Lord granted them his special grace so that still more became obedient to the faith, and thus, within seven years time, namely, to the year 1715, there was not only in Scliwartzenau a large church, but here and there in the Palatinate there were lovers of the truth, and especially was this the case in Marienborn, where a church was gathered; for the church in the Palatinate was persecuted, and its members then came to Marienborn. And when the church here became large it was also persecuted. Then those that were persecuted collected in Creyfeld, where they found liberty under the King of Prussia. “Since the persecutions in the form of poverty, tribirlation and imprisonment, by which they were oppressed, made them only the more joyful, they were tried in another manner by men of learning, seeking to confound them with sharp dis- putations and subtle questions of which the forty searching questions of Eber- hard Ludwig Gruber will sufficiently inform the reader.” About this time the church at Scliwartzenau issued a publication containing J the questions which I have above referred to, with their answers annexed, contain - ing also a discourse between a “father and son,” in which is set forth the humble doctrine of primitive Christianity. The publication was especially designed “for the instruction of those pure-minded persons who are seeking after truth.” After the removal of the church to America (of which I shall next speak), and some of the fathers having fallen asleep, it was thought good, for the benefit of those who should rise up to conduct the affairs of the church in their stead, that this same testimony should be republished, which was done and is still preserved amongst us, and known as the “Writings of Alexander Mack,” from which I have made several quotations. But the church in Germany being sorely oppressed by the hand of persecu- tion, in the year 1719 twenty families crossed the great deep and landed at Phil- adelphia, seeking an asylum in the bosom of this new country and blessed land of religious liberty. And in the year 1729, ten years later, about thirty-nine per- secuted families came over to join the little band already here. Among this last number was Alexander Mack, who was the first minister and teacher chosen by the church. “He, however, did not live long to enjoy the quietude of a home under the mild government of Pennsylvania. In 1735, six years after he came to America, he closed his labors on earth. He was buried in the Brethren’s public burying ground in Germantown, and the following in- scription in the German language marks the place: “Here rest the remains of A. M., born 1679, and died 1735, aged 56 years.” The brethren first settled at Germantown, Philadelphia, and in various other surrounding localities. Among some of the earlier noted ones in the minis py were Alexander Mack, Sr., Peter Becker, Christopher Saur, Johan Naas, George Adam Martin, Abraham Duboy, Michael Pfauts, Martin Urner, Sr., George Klein, Martin Urner, Jr., Michael Frantz, Christian Lanecker, Peter Eigenberger, Jacob Stull, Johannas Zug, Jacob Beshore, Peter Keyser, Jr., and others. This Peter Keyser was much noted for his wonderful knowledge of the scriptures. He had the entire New Testament and part of the old by heart. After he became blind, in his more advanced years, he would point out his text and read it off as well as when he had his vision. For the names of these ancient worthies and early fathers of the church in America, I am somewhat indebted to the information afforded me by the bio- graphical sketches of most of these brethren as heretofore written out and pub- lished by our brother, A. H. Cassell, of Harleysville, Pa. Through the untiring efforts of the above named brethren and others the HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 527 pmberskip increased pretty rapidly, and the church soon spread from German- mi and Philadelphia into various other parts of the State and into New Jersey, Maryland and Virginia. From thence, by the arduous labors of our fathers, the Irders of Zion were enlarged more and more. The old brethren, on horse-back, j ide their way across the mountains and valleys into the dense forests of Ohio : d Indiana, organizing churches and establishing the faith. Union and harmony seemed to prevail in the churches to a great extent, and t'g membership increased and spread still farther west — over the broad prairies of 1 3 far western as well as into some of the southern States — and at the present (te, April, 1881, we have churches in Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, Uli- ] is, Michigan, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, Colo- lo, Oregon, and in some of the Territories, Texas and California, with a ministry ( fifteen to twenty thousand, and a membership of from seventy- five to one ndred thousand. The church in this county is divided into six districts or churches : The Day- n Church, Lower Miami Church, Bear Creek Church, Still Water Church, near ryton, Wolf Creek Church and the Salem Church. These six churches have at lis time ten meeting-houses or places of worship, twenty-two ministers and about i elve hundred members. I am not able to give any definite date when these several churches were ( janized, but the first and oldest of the six is the Lower Miami Church. Elder ■ cob Miller, who was born in Franklin County, Pa., in 1735, was the first brother ut settled here. He moved to Ohio in the year 1800, and settled about four miles fpthwest of Dayton on the west side of the great Miami River, where he lived aout fifteen years, and died in 1815 at the advanced age of four score years. The (pnty, at this time, was yet a dense forest inhabited by the Indians. Through ip kind treatment which these Indians received at the hands of Brother Miller, fpy very much respected him, calling him “the good man whom the great Spirit f it from the east. ” This church was organized between 1800 and 1808. Brother Miller served here ; Elder for many years; then Brethren Benjamin Bowman, Abraham Miller, lederick Holler, Michael Moyer, Daniel Noff singer and now George Holler, who Is Jacob Holler, his son, and James A. Ridonour to his assistance in the min- iry. This church has a neat frame house about six miles southwest of Dayton, (. the Germantown Pike, where the congregation meets for worship every two neks. Daniel Miller, who settled on Wolf Creek in 1804, and George Shoup, who -tied on Beaver Creek in 1805, were the first brethren, and their wives the first ters that lived in the vicinity of Dayton. The members of the Dayton Chinch meet for worship on the corner of ickson and Van Buren streets, in a brick house, built for that purpose : lumber of years ago by M. Shoup, D. Kneisley and Bro. Oughenbaugh, Trustees, te first Elder here was Daniel Miller ; and then Eld. Holler, Michael Moyer, Moses ‘ 0 U P> and at this time George Holler has the care and oversight of the church Ire. The Bear Creek Church was organized perhaps seventy-five years ago, and had i times as many as 300 members. They meet every two weeks for worship in fair large brick house, on the Eaton Pike, six miles west of Dayton. The oldest Elder in this church, of which I have any knowledge, was Father uvman— -David Bowman, Sen.; then his son David — David Bowman, Jun., and In David Brumbaugh and Isaac Bright, with J. W. Fitzgerald, George Miller 1 ^ John Bowman as their assistants in the ministry. The Still Water Church (near Dayton) was organized perhaps pretty soon after u Bear Creek Church. My recollections of this church carry me back to some irty-five or forty years ago, when old Joseph Garber had the charge here. After 528 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. that Father Nead (Peter Nead) served as the Elder, and then Abraham Flory and Phillip Wampler, and at this time Abraham Flory with John Smith and Samuel Kinsey and George Garver as their fellow laborers in the ministry. This church has at this time perhaps 250 members, with two houses for worship a brick, the “Lower House,” on the Free Pike, four miles west of Dayton, and a large frame house, the “Upper House,” on the Salem Pike, nine miles west of Dayton and three miles east of Salem. The Wolf Creek Church has perhaps 350 members at this time, and has also two houses for regular meetings — a frame house of medium size near the Eaton Pike, about ten or twelve miles west of Dayton, and a large brick on the Wolf Creek Pike, near Brookville. Here the council meetings and their love feasts are usually held. Elder Pfoutz had the charge of this church years ago, then Christian Arnold, Abraham Erbaugh, Joel Wogaman, and at this time Samuel Garber is the Elder, with Conrad Brumbaugh and Jacob Garber to assist, and John Kimmel, Simon Mixell and Henry Garber fellow laborers. The Salem Church has perhaps 250 members, who meet for worship every other Sunday or oftener in their large frame house on the Pike, two miles east of Phillipsburg. They have also an interest in a house about four or five miles north, at Georgetown, where they also have regular meetings. Forty years ago this church had Elder Jacob Karn for their Bishop and Elder. Since then John Stude- baker , John Bower and at this time David Murray, with Abraham Detrick, S. Shellaberger, J. Solenberger and Jesse Kinsey as co-laborers in the ministry. * Now, for the further information of the readers of this work, I wish to set j forth, briefly, a few of the outlines of our faith and practice : We believe that in all God’s creation man was the chief object; that God created |j him for his own glory, and that He will reward him for obedience as well as punish I him for disobedience. We believe that though God suffered the transgression, in Eden, He made pro- vision by which the sin could and would be removed in due time. The great and | wise plan of salvation will only be fully comprehended by those who will take spe- cial pains to study the character of God and to acquaint themselves with His vast | purposes. We believe that after the patriarchal and Mosaic dispensations had served | their purposes, and the “time being fulfilled,” the great provision for the salvation of the human family was manifested in the person of the Lord Jesus Chkist, whom God had foreseen and provided for this special purpose before the creation. We believe that Christ, by the shedding of his blood on Calvary, canceled the Adamic son, and made good what was lost in Eden; and that hence man is account- j able to God for Ids own sins only; and further, that God, through Christ, did j deliver to us His plan of salvation, which is based upon conditions. We believe that Christ organized and set up his kingdom in the hearts of all j true believers, and that this is the only kingdom or organization needed by man and recognized by the Father. We believe that Repentance, Faith and Baptism are essential to church fellow- ship and constitute the conditions upon which the remission of sins and the gut of the Holy Ghost is promised — agreeable to Mark, i, 15-16: and Acts, ii, 38. We believe that applicants for membership should be carefully examined to know that they have been properly moved, that their motives are pure and that they “bring forth fruits meet for repentance.” Hence we pay them a private visit and get an expression from them as regards repentance and faith; when also wej learn their willingness to comply with the doctrine of nonconformity to the vain fashions of the world, not to “swear” before a court of justice, not to sue at law, and not to go to war to kill their fellow-man. A portion of the 18th chapter of j Matthew is read to them with appropriate instructions and questions as to their will- ingness to so conduct themselves towards their fellow members as is therein demanded for the sake of reconciliation and peace in case of offenses. And, further, HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 529 vliile upon tlieir knees in the water, we demand of them a public confession of the ilioi'd Jesus Christ, a renunciation of sin and a covenant of obedience to God in Christ Jesus unto their lives’ end. Upon this good and faithful confession we baptize them by a threefold immersion, agreeable to the great commission: “In he name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.” We baptize face orward because a backward work is not in harmony with the general progress of Christianity, and all figurative baptisms do teach a forward action. Hands are lid on the head of the one so baptized and a blessing is invoked upon the newly - iorn in Christ, who now rises up to walk in newness of life — a full member of the ndy of Christ. We hold baptism as the rite of initiation into the church and the act in which jhe pardon of sins is promised as taught in Mark: “He that believe th and is baptized shall be saved;” and Acts, ii, 38. Eepent and be baptized every one of on for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost.” md according to the instructions given to Saul, “And now why tarriest thou? Arise nd be baptized, washing away thy sins, calling on the name of the Lord.” At our Communion seasons we wash one another’s feet according to the lesson nd pattern taught us by Christ in John, 13th chapter. We eat the Lord’s Supper, a common and full meal, expressive of the term, nd in the evening, when a supper is proper. After which we enjoy the Commun- ion — the bread and wine — as emblems of the broken body, and shed blood of a ratified redeemer. We salute one another with an “Holy Kiss,” according to the teachings of Paul ad Peter. We anoint the sick with oil “in the name of the Lord,” according to James , 14. Our principles of nonconformity to the worldly fashions in dress and that of joncombativeness, we gather from the meek, humble and self-denying character if Christ and his apostles, as well as from the plain teachings of the Scriptures and ae general spirit of the Gospel throughout. We believe in the spread of the Gospel by a live and active ministry and the plight walk and conduct of all the members. “Let your light so shine that others tay see your good works and glorify your father which is in heaven.” We preach the gospel “without money and without price.” “Freely ye have 'iceived, freely give.” But we think it right and do consider it our duty to assist fie poor and relieve the wants of the needy, whether private members in the church it those who labor in the ministry. In fine, we believe in a plain, humble, devoted life of faith, prayer and good ork throughout, bringing into subjection both soul and body to the glory and onor of God, that we may finally obtain an inheritance in the unsullied crimes of agelic felicity. appe n n i x . Since writing out the above brief history of the church, a separation or division, am sony to say, has taken place amongst our people, and in order that the aiders of this work may have an idea of the cause of this division, I will resume iy pen and explain. For a number of years after the planting of the church in America, she enjoyed .inch peace and quietness. Her harmony was not generally disturbed more than common to all churches. But in later years, as the membership became more umerous, there was urged upon her, through the district meetings to the annual meetings, deviations, new measures and changes from the old and former usages ^d order; and as these were asked for and urged again and again, the annual inference began to give way, and as the advocates of these measures became more ymerous and stronger, the annual conference continued to yield more and more. 530 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. These deviations and departures from the old “land marks” of the church lai quite a grievous effect, and the old Brethren, or those who favored the old order am old usages of the church, began to protest against the things which seemed t make void the early principles of the church and to mar her peace and make troubl in the body. Hereupon, the old Brethren, or old order of Brethren, as they wer now termed, began to send petitions to the conference, praying that body that thes objectionable measures, to which she had in a measure consented, might b removed and that she fall back to her former decisions and former usages. But a these points could no more be fully reached, the advocates thereof being in th minority, and a strong foothold having been gained hi the church by them, thei various efforts seemed to be rather unfruitful, they called a special conference, whic was held near Arcanum, Ohio, on the ‘24th day of August, 1881. To this meeting were invited all the officers of the church who were favorabi disposed to the old order. Here, after the condition of things in the church wer set forth, a paper was produced and read in which were set forth the causes of th existing troubles, with resolutions to withdraw from the fast movements and devia tions, sanctioned by the annual conference. The paper was passed and the resui was a division in the church. The separation was then soon made in all the churches of this county as we. as in many others in the brotherhood. A large number in the several churches o this county stand with the old Brethren or old German Baptist Church, but th majority go with the annual council and her decisions. Those who still hold to the ridings of the conference have so far claimed th right to the meeting houses, and have therefore bolted the doors against the ol order worshipers in nearly all the houses. The old order Brethren have therefor so far worshiped in private houses, barns and school-houses. But they expect t build themselves houses for worship soon. The district meetings and the annul conference will be held by the old order worshipers at the usual time, but moi after the former manner. Very truly, Samuel Kinski gypsies. The settlement of gypsies in this county had its origin in the year 1856, whe: in the fall of that year came the “pioneer” families, chief among whom wei Owen Stanley and Harriet Worden, his wife, Levi Stanley and his wife, Matild Joles, with their families. Others accompanied them, most of whom had don] some extended travel before striking this camping-place, which was for a time mjj far from Fairfield, on what was known as the Jack “Frick” farm, then or th “Davis” farm in Montgomery County. The Stanleys soon became propert holders, Owen purchasing the “Black” farm, situated about eight miles north c Dayton, and now owned by Levi Stanley. In the course of years the families c Stanleys and Jeffreys have accumulated considerable of property, located princij pally in Harrison Township, with some in Wayne, Mad Biver and Butler. TLes families with their numerous descendants comprise the Dayton class of gypsies' however, there are many other families and some differing in nationality, wli often frequent, in their wanderings, this vicinity, but are not considered local. C these are the families of Wells, Harrisons and Coopers, the former being quit)! numerous and are a big, hardy class of people, coming from a settlement nea Detroit, Michigan. The Harrison’s are from the vicinity of Washington City There is also a tribe darker in complexion than any yet mentioned, and of a roagl ugly nature. The Dayton settlement is made up of an English class. The Star leys were quite numerous in England, and there boasted as being a better clasj of the traveling tribes, which we believe to be true, as will appear in the progress cj this sketch. Owen Stanley, styled by the Dayton gypsies “king,” was born in Beadiiu Bersliire, England, and died February 21, 1860, in the sixty-seventh year of hi HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 531 , e . His wife, the queen, departed this life August 30, 1857, aged sixty-three 'ars. They were succeeded to the throne (permitting us to call it such,) by their n Levi and his wife, Matilda, (now deceased). This kingdom and queenship is it a popular notion; there is no investiture, no authority or state. Listen to the ords of the venerable “Uncle Levi,” who says, “Why, there is nothing in it more an a good man, a good woman. Our people trust me and love me as they did y father and mother before me, that is all. They do pretty much as I tell them, td we all work together, and that is all there is in it.” lung Owen and Harriet fed as they had lived, “roof-dwellers.” When Matilda died, although in the ithe sunshine of Mississippi, in January, 1878, in the camp, she was the ■ mer of farms and town lots, having reached the point of independence. Said ;e bereaved husband, “We have seven children, and their- children are learning ry fast, and it won’t he long before we’ll go no more a roaming.” The race of fipsies differ as do other classes of men, in their religious views ; some are Orthodox die others are Catholic in their opinion. “I once saw, “says a writer on the sub- j;st of gypsies,” a woman in a gypsy tent reading the Bible to a circle of nine < ildren, all her own, and though on coming near, her blue eyes and light hair sowed her to be English woman, the daughter, as I found, of a game-keeper who 1 d married one of the Boswell gang, yet the interest which she assured me the hole camp took in it, was sufficient evidence that it is only for want of being tight, that they still remain in ignorance of the best knowledge. They have been s long treated with contempt and severity, that they naturally look on all men as i j;ir enemies. For my part, when I see a herd of them coming some solitary y, with their dark Indian faces, their scarlet cloaked women, their troops of little Various savages, their horses laden with tents, beds, etc., I cannot help looking i them as an eastern tribe, as fugitives of a most ancient family, as a living elgma in human history — and feeling, with all their Arab-like propensities, they lire great claims on our sympathies and on the splendid privileges of a Christian lid.” The following invocations are part and parcel of the devotions of gypsies: " ur father who dwellest there in the heaven, may Gentile and Gypsy love thy me. Thy kingdom come. May they do thy word here on earth as it is done there jijfche heaven. Give us to-day our daily bread, and forgive us indebted to thee as v forgive them indebted to us. Suffer not that we fall into no temptation, take us o, ; from all evil. Thine is the kingdom, my God, thine the strong hand, thine all gidness in all time, Aye, Amen.” “Sweet Goddess, give me health, Holy Goddess, give me luck and grace, werever I go, and help me, Goddess powerful and immaculate, from ugly men, tit I may go in the road to the place I purpose ; help me Goddess, forsake me not, Gddess, for I pray for God’s sake.” It is said by one, to whom, in conversation -with the late Matilda and family aund their camp-fire, the following remarks were addressed : “Here is our book obrayers. Although we do not read it glibly as do some others, we know it when hear it, and we love it as all our people have done.” She went on to speak of d churches in Bristol by the sea, giving a fair account of the north porch of St. tiy, Radcliff, and the Norman gate-way of the Abbey, and last she said, “We are i a -minding, God-fearing,” and then gravely added king Levi, “and tax-paying, too, n we are glad to pay these taxes in this country, where we enjoy our Jiving and 'i e our fair chances alike.” There spoke out the true Briton; such, then, is Stan- lejs gratefulness and piety, well' calculated to enliven those to the name horn. Tpe different families of Stanleys and Jeffreys are looked upon by the people of Mhtgomery County as a good and honest class of people, and the universal rcbonse of all who have had business transactions with them, is that they were v y honorable. Their word is considered as good as their note, and, in short, they aijas “old wheat in the mill.” This tribe, while the possessors of considerable - 532 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. property, as heretofore described, are nevertheless as nomadic in their habits i the race at large. They generally rent their lands and property, and roam, as were, over the country, the men following, trading, principally, and the wom< fortune-telling; however, there are times when they live “under roof,” and far their lands for a period of years, as was the case in the years 1877 and 1878, whe for two years they had kept in this county, contrary to their ancient custom migration. This was, probably, owing first to the illness of lady Stanley hersei and then the ominous signs of civil war, which then shook not only the minds these simple-minded keen judges of the weathers and waves of human passion but also of the wisest of our statesmen. The winters are spent through the soul and it was there, as aforesaid, that queen Matilda died in the vicinity of Vicksbin aged fifty years. She was enclosed in a superb casket and brought to Woodlai Cemetery, by her affectionate husband, as well as her son Levi, Jr. The gre Palm Sunday funeral of 1877, which was nine miles north of Dayton, with its loi procession through the rain, was even more impressive than usual. Indeed, sfco men expressed their grief over the death of Amelia Stanley Jeffrey, and Thom Jeffrey, her husband, much more demonstrative than the youth or the women, it had not been unquestionably earnest it would have appeared even ludicrou but at the grave in Woodland, all expressions were evidently overawed by reason the oppressiveness of being the object of intense scrutiny. The rather bright cole of apparel and the expressive features of these people, standing in the rain witho umbrellas, and vacantly wandering around the grounds under restraint m noticed. When Dr. Berger stood at the head of the wide grave, the only urnbre upraised was over his head. The good queen Matilda was a mother of her peopj with rare nobility of nature. This title of queen, as far as it embodies the io and trust of countrymen and countrywomen, is beautifully appropriate. The gypsies’ burial place in Woodland is believed to be the only “Cam Santo” of gypsydom in the United States. It occupies ground near the cent j part of the cemetery, about one hundred yards south of the lake. The follow! are some of the interments made there : “ REFIANCE ” Wife of Richard Harrison, died May 3, 1873, aged 45 years. “ JOSHUA,” Their son, died May 1, 1873, aged 10 months. A husband and six children left! mourn their loss. This tomb is a graceful one of marble. It fronts to the west. Above the ret (a lamb) is “mother”, and below “ babe.” This is very tastefully adorned w plants. In 18G7 Frank A. Harrison was buried, aged 11 months, born in Url>a) Ohio. Due east from the Harrison lot is the first Scotch granite tombstc erected to a gypsy, the Jeffrey monument, to Amelia and Thomas Jeffrey, w died within a few days of each other in March, 1877. The Owen- Stanley lot, soi of Harrison, contains twelve graves. On the outer line, the south, are these tom stones: “E. Young, died .July 17, 1873, aged fifty years;” east of this is a tombstc bearing on its summit a lamb in full relief, for two sisters, “Macy, died October, 1871, aged fourteen months; Harriet, died December 25, 1865, aged sixty months, children of Dangerfield and Riclianda Stanley.” Then eight graves are the north side of this. Coming back to the west front to the north of the You) tombstone stands that of Priscilla Stanley. This stone bears a hand, painted y ward on its face, “There is rest in Heaven.” Priscilla, wife of Owen Stanley, dl March 19, 1866, aged forty-nine years, five months and five days, born Woodbul, England. This stone bears many verses. Emanuel, son of John aud Isabo Broadway, born January 20, 1852, in Somersetshire, England, died June 20, 18, aged seventeen years and six months; buried August 29, 1869. Little Charlo) HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 533 Snley, (a lamb,) died December 13, 1864, aged two years and two months. She w ! ; bulled in 1867; born in Urbana; grand-daughter of the late queen. Passing nth from the Owen Stanley lot — crossing the queen’s place — we come to the very gleeful marble, erected by Paul Stanley to his young wife. It bears close reseru- ijbce to that of Mrs. Richard Harrison ; a grave lies along side of hers. “Mazella, wife of Paul Stanley, died April 9, 1871, aged twenty years. “ Ye that mourn a mother’s loss. Ye that weep a wife no more. Call to mind the Christian cross, Which a wife and mother bore.” Probably the most touching instance of grief which ever occurred in Woodland lietery, was'that of the husband and father, Ephraim Joles. Within fourteen jiths he buried his wife and all his children, six in. all. The central tomb, riding near which is a hickory and dog-wood tree, where the vault will be opened lontain the queen and her little daughter, and a place is allotted to king Levi, i for Michael, the youngest heir of the house of Stanley. It is seven feet long, i: feet wide, three and one-lialf feet deep in the clear. Here, resting within a case, hiqueen’s casket has remained. The plate bears the name Mrs. Matilda Stanley, tgil fifty years, with the date of her death. In the casket was placed her worn hie with her. The railed enclosure which contains the graves of the first king i queen lies farther west, lower down the hill. The tombstones are plain slabs, :k man’s on the right, the woman’s on the left, and appear like the pages of a pledger. That of the queen was the first gypsy grave in Dayton. On the tomb- tees the following quaint verses appear : “Our father has gone to a mansion of rest From a region of sorrow and pain To the glorious land of the blest, Where he will never suffer again. "Whilst in this tomb our father lies. His spirit rests above, In realms of bliss it never dies, But knows a Savior’s love. “Sleep on. father, the work is done, The mortal pang is past, Jesus has come and borne thee home Beyond the stormy blast. “Owen Stanley was his name, England was his nation, . Any wood was his dwelling place, And Christ his salvation.” "Alas! I have left you, my spirit has fled, My body now slumbers along with the dead, My Savior has called me, to him I have gone, Then farewell my husband and children all. From you a mother’s Christ doth call, Mourn not for me, dear wanderers, ’tis vain To call me to your sight again. “ Farewell, dear wife, a short farewell, We at your loss do mourn. Oh, may we meet in heaven to dwell, With our wandering children now forlorn. “OUR MOTHER. “Harriet Stanley was her name, England was her nation; In any wood her dwelling place, In God was her salvation. Q 534 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. “ She was a tender mother here. And in her life the Lord did fear; We trust our loss will be her gain. And that with Christ she’s gone to reign.” The prosperity of these people is interwoven with our own. They are a curio addition to American citizenship. In the prosperous future, old ways and mann< will fade out before the new ; hut revered will the simple lives and kindly infl ences of Matilda and Levi Stanley ever be. Happy are the people that elea to the simple, ancient ways of industry and generous aid to our fellows where\|| we wander on God’s footstool. " Kind hearts are more than coronets And simple faith than Norman blood.” HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 535 ■ C H A P T E E XXII. County Officers. — Statistics. Clerks: — 1803 — 20, Benjamin VanCleve; 1821, George Newcom; 1822 — - 3: C. B. Greene; 1833 — 39, Edward W. Davies ; 1840 — 46, Edwin Smith; 1847 —3, William J. McKinney; 1854, George W. Brown (pro tern); 1855 — 57, Adam viler ; 1858 — 63, David K. Boyer; 1864 — 69, Fred C. Fox; 1870 — 75, John F. ks ; 1876 — 81, John S. Robertson; 1882, Oren Biitt Brown. Recorders: — 1805 — 12, David Reid; 1813 — 30, Warren Hunger, Sr.; 1831 — Wm. L. Helfenstein; 1835 — 37, David S. Davis; 1838 — 40, Wm. Potter; ■1 — 43, William Gunckel ; 1844 — 49, J. W. Griswold; 1850 — 55, Joseph Hughs; ?6 — 58, Daniel G. Fitch; 1859 — 61, David Ecker; 1862 — 67, George Owen; ©■ — 73, Johnson Snyder; 1874 — 79, James H. Hall; 1880 — 82, Thomas IMiskelly. Sheriffs: — 1803 — 07, George Newcom; 1808 — 11, Jerome Holt; 1812 — £ Samuel Archer; 1814, David Squier; 1815 — 16, John King; 1817 — 20, uiel Archer; 1821 — 24, James Henderson; 1825 — 28, George C. Davis; D — 32, Ebenezer Stibbins; 1833 — 36, James Brown; 1837 — 38, Jacob Das; 1839 — 42, Benjamin Hall; 1843 — 46, Robert Brown; 1847 — 50, David Ik; 1851 — 54, Ebenezer Henderson; 1855 — 58, Samuel C. Emly; 1859 — 60, op Mills ; 1861 — 64, George Wogaman; 1865 — 68, O. G. H. Davidson; 1869 — -'Michael J. Swadener; 1873 — 76, William Patton; 1877 — 78, Albert Beebe; D — 80, Andrew C. Nixon; 1881 — 82, Charles T. Freeman. Treasurers: — 1803 — 04, James Patterson; 1805 — 06, John Folkerth: 1807 — 7 , Chris. Curtner; 1818 — 19, William George; 1820 — 33, William •ciberger; 1834 — 37, James Slaght; 1838 — 39, Peter Baer; 1840 — 43, ; laniel Wilson ; 1844 — 48, Joseph Davison; 1849 — 52, Smith Davison; 1853 — 5 David Clark; 1856 — -59, Jonathan Kenney; 1860 — 61, David C. Rench; 1862 — |, Jonathan Kenney; 1865 — 66, Daniel Staley; 1867 — 70, John W. Turner; — 74, Daniel H. Dryden; 1875 — 78, Henry IT. Daubach; 1879, Jonathan tuey; 1880 — 82, Stephen J. Allen. Auditors : — Prior to 1821 the Commissioner’s Clerk acted as auditor; 1821 — n Alexander Grimes; 1827 — 30, Joseph H. Conover; 1831 — 34, David C. ’fer; 1835 — 36, James Douglass; 1837 — 38, William J. McKinney; 1839 *, Isaac Douglass; 1841 — -52, John Mills; 1853 — 54, Jacob Zimmer; 1855 - 1 ,. Daniel H. Dryden; 1861 — 64, Benjamin M. Ayres; 1865 — 68, Jacob M. 'inch; 1869 — 73, George P. Boyer; 1874 — 77, Wiiliam A. Mays; 1878 — 82, 1 i erick Schutte. Surveyors: — 1832 — 34, Joseph Ewing; 1835 — 37, Fielding Loury; 1838 - , William G. George; 1850 — 55, John Beaver; 1856 — 61, Joseph B. Johns; — 67, Jacob S. Binkerd; 1868 — 73, Joseph B. Johns; 1874 — 79, Frank 4er; 1880—82, John Hiller. i Coroners: — 1803 — 07, James Miller; 1808 — 09, Henry Curtner; 1810 — ' David Squier; 1812 — 13, James Wilson; 1814 — 17, Aaron Baker; 1818 * > Dodson; 1832 — 34, Phillip Keller; 1835 — 36, Jacob Davis; 1837, o i McClure Jr.; 1838, David Reid; 1839 — 40, Adam Houk; 1841 — 44, Ebenezer qlerson; 1845, Theodore Barlow; 1846 — 51, Ebenezer Henderson; 1852 — 55, 8a ael Richards ; 1856 — 57, David S. Craig; 1858 — 59, George Nauerth; 1860 — 536 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 61, Alber G. Walden; 1862 — 63, William Egry; 1864 — 67, William H. Rouze 1868 — 69, Epliraim Snyder; 1870 — 72, William R. Bennett; 1873 — 76, Jac< Kuhns; 1877 — 78, John P. Kline ; 1879 — 82, James 1). Dougherty. Commissioners: — 1804, William Brown, Edmund Hunger, John Devor; lb( — 06, Hunger, Devor, Samuel Hawkins ; 1807 — 08 Hunger, Devoe, John Eolkert] 1809 — 10, Folkerth, Devor, Daniel Hoover; 1811, Folkertli, Hoover, John 1 Williams; 1812 — 13, Folkerth, Williams, Abraham Brower; 1814, Eolkert Williams, David HcClure; 1815, Folkerth, Isaac G. Burnett, John Hiller; 1816 19, Folkerth, Benj. Haltbie, Daniel Yount; 1820 — 21, Folkerth, Haltbie, Hen Brown; 1822, Haltbie, Brown, John H. Wilhams; 1823, Williams, Haltbie, Cirr Taylor; 1824, Williams, Taylor, Hoses Greer; 1825 — 28, Greer, Taylor, Aar< Baker; 1829, Baker, Greer, Jacob B. John; 1830, John, Baker, James Russe 1831, Russell, John, George Olinger; 1832—34, Olinger, Russell, Aaron Bake 1835, Olinger, Russell, Alexander Grimes; 1836, Olinger, Grimes, Chris. Etneric 1837, Emerick, Grimes, John Furnas; 1838, Furnas, David Lamme, Chris. Tavle 1839, Furnas, Taylor, James A. Riley; 1840, Riley, Taylor, Emanuel Gebhai 1841, Gebhart, Riley, William Worley; 1842, Gebhart, Worley, Chris. Taylc 1843 — 44, Taylor, Worley, Davis Waymire; 1845 — 46, Waymire, Worley, Da\ Lamme; 1847 — 50, Waymire, Lamme, John C. Negley; 1851, Waymire, Negle John Yount; 1852, Yount, Negley, Ezra T. Leggett; 1853, Leggett, Youi Frederick Gehliart; 1854, Gebhart, Samuel Harshall, John W. Turner; 18; Turner, Gebhart, John Yount; 1856, Yount, Turner, Joseph H. Dryden; 18 Yount, Dryden, James Turner; 1858, Turner, Dryden, Henry Shidler; 18/ Shidler, Turner, Emanuel Schultz; 1860, Shidler, Schultz, Daniel Kiser; 18( Kiser, Schultz, John Wheeland; 1862, Wlieeland, Kiser, John Harshman; 18( Wheeland, Harshman, Alfred lams; 1864, lams, Harshman, James Appel;; a 1865, Appelgate, lams, Samuel Rohrer; 1866 — 67, Appelgate, Rohrer, George Grove; 1*868 — 69, Applegate, Grove, Jesse D. Harry; 1870 — 71, Grove, Ear: Hadison Hunday; 1872 — 73, Hunday, Harry, Samuel Hartindale; 1874. Muudi Hartindale, John G. Getter; 1875, Hunday, Getter, Charles Crook; 1876—' Getter, Crook, John R. Brownell; 1878, Getter, Brownell, Isaac J. Bassett; 18', Getter, Bassett, George W. Purcell ; 1880 — 82, Bassett, Purcell, Lewis Kimmel. Note.— A full list of the Prosecuting Attorneys, and Probate Judges will be found in the 1 tory of the Bench and Bar. STATISTICAL. On the 9tli of August, 1804, the commissioners of the newly organized coui of Hontgomery, ordered that a tax of $ 450.48 be raised on all items of taxation Dayton, Washington and German Townships, and $48.82 (and 4 mills) in Eli beth Township. From the first three $150.80 was appropriated for building a j , The net amount of taxes collected in the county for the year ending J une 3, 1800, a as follows; Elizabeth Township, $97.26.7 ; Randolph Township, $37.03.6; Day Township, $241.07 ; Washington To’nsliip, $132. 25. 8; German To’nship, $187,181 and sundry other items, making a total of $1,248.15.1. The expenditures for same year were $1,127.03.9, therefore a small balance was left in the treasury. 1 valuation of the property in the county at that day was exceedingly small as cfl pared with the present time, and for the sake of comparison, the following figi : are given representing the valuation of real property for taxation in the county} 1 several different periods, as equalized by the State Boards of equalization in 1 respective years : j| 1846 1853 1859 1870 183° Total value of lands and bidgs. $6,782,134 $9,886,630 $12,424,183' 16,273,376 $15, 393.6: " “ cities, villages, towns 2,8 1 5,70 1 5,797,25 1 5,957,706 11,607,288 16,020 ■ “ of all real property $9,597,835 $15,683,881 $18 381,889 $27,880,664 $31,419 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 537 The valuation of all property exempt from taxation in the a follows, including the city of Dayton : Value of lands. Colleges and academies $15,000 Public common school property 88,036 Churches 150,388 Public charitable institutions 150,542 All other buildings 327,441 Cemeteries, public parks, etc. 101,494 Aggregate valuation, $4,221,231,* *The figures of the State Board are footed at $4,220,181. county in 1880 was Value of buildings. $85,000 362,215 689,990 1,953,975 297,150 The following table shows the equalized valuation of the county in 1880, by t m ships : Townships. No. of acres. Av. value per acre including structures. Aggregate value. B ler 23,111 49.30 $1,139,376 23,468 46.49 1,114,524 man 24.133 47.55 1,149,264 E risen 17,262 74.82 1.291,509 kson 23,114 43.11 996,352 i erson 19,474 53.81 1,047,979 viison 22,657 54.14 1,226,692 > 1 River 13,485 79.75 1,075,480 ' mi 25,760 58.03 1,494,732 P ry 23,400 44.54 1,042,276 Kldolph 17,898 53.79 962,753 i Buren 16.017 66.51 1,065,321 ■ shington 19.689 54.35 1,069.943 V yne 14.242 50.38 717,495 Totals. 283,710 $54.26 $15,393,696 The equalized valuation of the towns and city of Montgomery County, is shown i the following: Names of Towns and Villages. In what Township Situated- As equalized by the State Boards. i sandersville $7,891 Ality 1,410 Angton 6,515 hman 2,401 ■ ivertown 11,903 Bdgeport Miami 1.214 B okville 77.215 C rollton 55.794 . derville 20,437 itnbersburg 8,327 I Ison Clav ... 3,035 I mersville 38,480 1 -mantown 215,675 ; vrisburg 16.057 nsville .... 7,269 1 erty 10,387 L :le York ' 6,546 B gsborough . Harrison 4,979 imiCity 19,204 • .misburg 470,160 •' >v Lebanon 9,749 - v Lebanon 4,224 ■tb Dayton 6,310 < cwood 43,709 1 Uipsburg 18.097 i mont 11,689 S em 16,306 ' isbury 8,467 772 J top 5,178 on 17,985 ' idalia Butler . . 16,525 ' st Baltimore Clay 3,279 ' st Miami City Harrison 27,440 1 odburn 2,685 Totals in towns ff» 1 1 77 3U Add for farm lands ; City of Dayton $16,571,010 Total real property in county $31,419,725 538 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. The amount of taxes assessed in each sub-division of Montgomery County ft 1881, with vahie of property taxed, is shown in the following table: Names of Town- ships, etc. Value of lands. Value of real est. in cities, towns and villages. Value of chattel property. Total value. Total taxes levied in 18S1 fi all purposes. Madison $1,219,150 $1,420 $515,630 $1,736,200 $27, 952. t Jefferson 1,056,200 11,570 398,260 1,466,090 20,903 ! Jackson 959,310 56,710 486,720 1,502.740 24.119.: Berry 995,370 15,480 376,510 1,387,360 18,415.' Clay 1.118,970 111,220 466,000 1,696,280 27,219, Randolph Wayne 972,810 720,240 1,134,780 50,610 402,210 264,230 521.310 1,425,630 984,470 1.687.560 21,241,1 11,518.! 21,230 1 Butler 31,470 German 1.050,310 212,850 909,080 2,172,240 30,012 ( Washington 1.110,960 21,590 461,130 1,593,680 18,597.1 Miami 1,502,940 496.840 1,096,820 3,096.600 47,637.1 Harrison 1,329,240 56,790 811,950 2,197,980 26,755.1 Mad River 1,188,920 13,840 819,150 2,021,910 24.060 : Yan Buren 1,075.740 56,880 395,660 1,528,260 25,674,: City of Dayton... 791,860 14,304,900 7,023,070 22,119,830 502,923.4 Totals $16,226,860 $15,442,150 $14,947,820 $46,616,830 ■€» 00 -1 w d The farm products of the county in 1840 were 814,707 bushels of corn, 371 481 of oats, 365,938 of wheat, 54,227 of rye, 34,098 of potatoes, 4,727 of barle; 3,359 of buckwheat, 15,734 tons of hay, 57 tons of hemp and flax, 122,38 pounds of sugar, 53,867 pounds of wool, 472,406 gallons of whisky were mam factured, and 261,190 gallons of malt liquors ; beer, ale and whisky all sold ft about the same price, 15 cents a gallon; 70,622 barrels of flour were manufai tured. There were in operation in the county 34 flouring mills, 11 grist nulls, 5 saw mills and 2 oil mills. The county receipts and disbursements for the year ending June 12, 184 were as follows: Cash on hand and receipts from all sources, $ 56, 010.59; di, bursements, $50,971. 56J; cash remaining in the treasury, $5,039.02|-. Tobacco had been grown by the farmers in small quantities, for their own US' from the time of the first settlement of the county, but little, if any, had bee raised for sale until in 1838. Thomas Pomeroy, of Miami Township, sold a p crop that he had raised on rented ground. There was great prejudice against ft cultivation of tobacco from a belief that it injured the land. A few small crop of “Spanish seed leaf”*were grown in Miami and Butler Townships in 1842, an) sold at 5 and 7 cents a pound; of that crop a Dayton merchant in the spring < 1843, packed and shipped 40 hlids. About 1,000 hhds of the crop of 1842 wei shipped from Ohio. From the report of the Secretary of State, of Ohio, for 1880, are gaikere figures showing the products of Montgomery County for 1879, with numeral other items, which are here presented : Cultivated land ACRES. . .. 159,204 Pasture land Wheat raised, 1879 ACRES. 37,654 BUSHELS. 837,398 Rye " 223 3.324 Buckwheat “ 56 786 Oats “ 13,476 448,642 Barley “ 3,322 111,088 Corn “ 47,893 1,621,763 Potatoes “ 1,643 107,287 Sweet potatoes “ 153 9,335 Timothy “ “ tons hay, 11,138 Clover 1879 9.122 16,087 3,961 “ tons hay.. 9,296 “ seed pl’d under 4,632 Flax, 3,711 acres, 24,130 bu. seed, 805,319 lb s. fiber. Tobacco, 7,010 acres, 7,670,766 lbs. produced. Wood land Uncultivated waste acees 42.U 8,39 235,51 Sorghum, 147 acres, gals, syrup. Maple sugar, 1880, 2 syrup. Bees, 1,395 hives, 15,398 lbs. honey. 186 lbs. sugar, 14,0; lbs. 5,356 gal | 761 Butter produced, 1879 Cheese Wool shorn “ Acres in orchards Bushels apples raised peaches “ “ pears Acres in vineyards POUNt , 690,0! 5(1 15,68 4,41 114,51 J 5.24' Grapes gathered, pounds ~ " xrin P; nrPififtAil Gallons wine pressed. Tons castings made. 1,3; HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 539 POUNDS. St m engines..... it m boilers made if'ping machines made Tfishing “ “ ae of cabinet ware made $ carriages, buggies, etc all other manufactures of wood soaps, candles and oils cut meats, beef or pork, packed Cigars and tobacco manu- factured 349 316 465 54 16,000 100.500 79,000 274.500 400,000 26,500 Value of all manufactures not otherwise reported 399,500 Number horses 14,193 Value $808,251 “ cattle,. 20,315 “ 310,848 “ mules. 284 “ 24,060 Number sheep. 5,210 Value $16,198 “ hogs.. 32,941 “ 95,669 “ dogs.. 248 “ 6,147* Number dwellings erected during year ending July 12, 1880 450 Value of same $296,274 *Estimated by owners. Population . — In 1810 the total population of Montgomery County, as shown he United States census reports, was 7,722 “free white persons.” In 1820 the : Ration had a little more than doubled, the census of that year showing 15,999, f hich number 73 were free colored persons. In 1830 the colored inhabitants ibered 140; total population 24,252,* distributed as follows: j£;on, in Dayton Township 2,965 't on Township (balance of) 3,778 feaantown, in German Township 498 ■t aan Township (balance of) 2,408 liaisburg, in Miami Township 382 iiai Township (balance of) 1,423 e erville, in Washington Township 326 nington Township (balance of) 1,845 Jefferson Township 1,737 Wayne “ 911 Butler “ 1,596 Madison “ 1,245 Clay “ 1,011 Randolph “ 1,455 Perry “ 1,301 Jackson “ 1,377 In the next table is exhibited the census of the county, by sub-divisions, for h. years 1840, 1850, 1860 and 1870, the figures being taken from the United \'tles census reports for those years, respectively: 'ownships, Villages and City of Dayton. 1 1840. 1850. 1860. 1870. 1896 1613 2280 2153 134 165 111 ,ittle York ... andalia 228 313 1633 1905 2257 2541 67 )aehman lodson 47 'hilipsburg 187 outh Arlington 124 fest Baltimore 69 ><;on City 6067 10997 20081 30473 ; ;on Township 4268 ienan.... 2728 2789 3104 3197 lermantown 1440 h-ison 2059 3274 2116 liami City 797 a .son ... 1688 2012 1813 2i.70 i'armersville 312 eirson 1895 1808 1991 3350 1 ison 1594 1668 1842 2097 .mitv 29 ’ostTown 37 Yotwood 42 •1 River 1464 2000 1867 f ni 3259 1890 4509 4418 dexandersville 246 180 Jarrollton 226 350 fiamisberg 1095 1425 1881 1774 1906 1883 2046 2076 2029 2077 uiolpk 'alem.. . 312 Inion 212 iBuren 1343 1722 2600 ibakerstown 57 54 ^uhington .... 2210 1825 2060 1758 W'-ne 1045 1090 1169 1160 — Total 31398 38218 52230 64006 t Corrected returns increased this number to 24,362. 540 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. The following, giving the census of the county for 1880, is taken from tb report of the Secretary of State of Ohio for 1881 : Butler Township (including Chambersburg and V andalia villages) Clay Township (including Brookville and Philipsburg) Dayton City, eleven wards German Township (including Germantown) Harrison Township Jackson Township (including Farmersville village) Jefferson Township Madison Town ah in oV,,; Mad River Township Miami Township (including Miamisburg) Perry Township (including New Lebanon Village) Randolph Township Van Buren Township Washington Township (including Centerville village) Wayne Township Total population of county 78,550 The population of the numerous villages, all included in the above, was s follows : Chambersburg, 1151 Vandalia, 315; Brookville, 574; Philipsbure, 215: Ge:|j mantown, 1,618; Farmers ville, 794; Miamisburg, 1,936; New Lebanon, 201 Centerville, 274. As showing the present financial standing of the county of Montgomery, til following tables are inserted, kindly furnished by Frederick Schutte, Esq., Audit* of said county. County Commissioners’ Office, j Montgomeiy County, Ohio, September 6, 1880. \ Bonded Debt— Building bonds $35,000.* Bridge bonds 3,000.* Total Valuation of 1879- Value of lands Value of lots Value of personal property Total Taxes Levied Thebeon fob 1879 : Receivable inDecembeb and June— Sinking fund General revenue fund Common school fund Total State tax County, City, Town, Township and Dog Tax— County ft. Poor Bridge Building Children's Home Township Township road School Special Corporation Dog tax Total Total for all purposes for 1879 Delinquent tax of 1878 Grand Total Total collection of taxes on 1879 duplicate (at December collection, 1879,1 including delinquencies and additions Total collection of taxes on 1879 duplicate (at June collection, 1880,) 1 in- cluding delinquencies and additions Total collection Amount of taxes received from duplicate Amount received from State, February and August Amount received on warrants Amount of transfers 38,0001 ,$17, 647,0001 13,132,3001 13,613,5701 44,392,8701 $22,1961 62,1501 44,3921 123.739.3 $57.7101 22,196/ 25,5041 44 3921 8,878..’ 17,0821 24,652/ 179,9261 27,3601 205.2101 6.359! 619,2751. $748,014.! 16.342! 764,357/ $415,084.*! 335, 475., | 750,5591: $750,5591 43,545.1: 33,391!; 46,954! Total Balance in Treasury, September 1, 1879 Total amount received in the treasury for the fiscal year ending Septem- ber 6, 1880, Including balances September 1, 1879, and transfers 874,4521, 84,7301; $959,1821 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 541 The balance in the county treasury, vpous funds, was as follows: Clmty $ 2,428.38 p, r 11.350.12 Blge 15.598.63 Biding 28,092.65 T ehers’ Institute 109.98 Tynship road 311.87 Clporation 466,81 Total September 1, 1879, to the credit of the Ditch 247.80 Dog tax 1,000.00 Children’s home 8,169.79 Township 2,102.41 School 14,610.66 Free pike 241.78 84,730.88 The receipts in the county treasury during the past year amount to $874,452.05 Total 959,182.93 Total receipts in the county treasury for the year, including balances of September 1, 1879, and transfers $959,182.93 Disbursed for year ending September 6, 1880 922.305.32 Balance in treasury for year ending September 6, 1880 36,877.61 Distributed to the funds as follows : O.nty P;.r Bige dding : cial building. . Idren’s home. poration S'Ool IDnship $ 2,156.29 3.538.80 1.94 13,808.78 6,628.22 2,859.53 110.82 4,665.14 1,199.68 Township road Free pike Ditch Dog tax Show licenses State of Ohio Peddlers’ licenses Total 69.44 513.26 242.01 1,000.00 36.00 45.00 2.70 36,877.61 County Commissioners’ Office, / Montgomery County, Ohio, September 4, 1881. \ B ided Debt. The bonded debt of the county is : Building bonds, (Court House) $84,500 00 Bridge bonds 30,000.00 Special pike bonds 66,000.00 Total 180,500.00 I jUATION OF THE TAX DUPLICATE OF 1880 WAS AS FOLLOWS : Value of lands $17,731,520.00 Value of lots 13,503.760.00 Value of personal property 14,454,980.00 Total 45,694,260.00 Xe taxes Levied Thereon for the Year 1880, Receivable in December and June, was as follows : Sinking fund 22,847.13 General revenue fund 63,971.97 Common school fund 45,694.26 Total State tax jnty, City, Town, Township and Dog Tax : Cuity i $ 54,833.11 Of 22,847-13 28,465.38 L ding 45,694.26 : Idren s home 9,138.85 unship 20,504.99 Total Township road School Special Corporation Dog tax 132,513.36 24,758.95 191,169.76 19,630.52 22 2.033.87 5,662.00 644,738.82 Total for all purposes 1880 $777,252.18 Delinquent taxes of 1879 14,283.62 Grand total 791,535.80 Total collection of taxes on 1880 duplicate (at December collection, 1880,) including delinquencies and additions $419,746.23 lotal collection of taxes on 1880 duplicate (at June collection, 1881,) in- cluding delinquencies and additions 364,262.76 Total collection 784,008.99 Amount of taxes received from duplicate $784,008.99 Amount received from State February and August 42.098,42 , Amount received on warrants 107,660,32 Amount of transfers 80,654.66 Total 1,014,422.39 Balance in the treasury September 6, 1880 $36,877.61 lotal amount received in the treasury for the fiscal year ending Septem- ber 4, 1881, including balances September 6, 1880, and transfers 1,051,300.00 542 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. The balance in the County Treasury September 6, 1880, to the credit of the various funds was as follows : County Poor Bridge Building Special building. . Children’s Home. Corporation School Township $2,156.29 3,538.80 1.94 13,808.78 6,628.22 2,859.53 110.82 4,665.14 1,199.68 Township road Free Pike Ditch Dog tax Show licenses State of Ohio Peddlers’ Licenses Total The receipts in the County Treasury during the year, including transfers, amounts to 69.44 513.26 242.01 1,000.00 36.00 45.00 2.70 .... 36.877.61 $1,014,422.39 Total 1051,300.00 Total receipts In the County Treasury for the year, including balanceslof September 6, 1880, and transfers $1,051,300.00 Disbursed for the year ending September 5. 1881 1,027,845.78 Balance in the treasury for the year ending September 5, 1881 23,454.22 Disbursed to the funds as follows : County $ 4,256.36 Poor 770.25 Bridge 1,972.72 Special bridge 1,200.00 Special building 1,951.86 Building 2,241.58 Children’s Home 1,216.13 Total Ditch fund overpaid Corporation 93.95 School 7,661.75 Township 792.48 Township road 118.73 Free turnpike 178.90 Dog tax 1,000.00 23,454.71 49 Total balance in the treasury 23,454.22 The receipts and disbursements of the city of Dayton for the fiscal year end- ing March 1, 1882, are here shown: Title of fund. Receipts. Disbursements. Balance on hand. Bridge. $ 25,305.53 29,523.90 2.434.00 39,732.11 115,132.37 44,401.71 $ 17,687.30 $ 7,618.23 City building 22,448.39 7,075.51 2,402.27 34,400.80 111,947.88 24,923.63 31.73' 5.331.31 General expense 3,184.19 Gas.. 19,478.08 Interest 109,448.74 5,255.07 4,638.75 1,072.85 1,132.50 23,843.95 23,814.71 70,970.33 38,478.41 Infirmary 4,490.41 764,66 844.21 3,794.54 670.63 402.22 Renumbering 843.03 289.47 Street improvement 22,618.15 1,225.80 Street cleaning 23,238.61 576.10 9,579.02 4,829.22 19.081.05 9.373.22 1,797.01 205.80, 3, 032.21 Sinking 8,808.62 10,279.43 11,707.60 12,254.50 3,087.32 47,833.83 11,558.33 144 27 Special assessment 2,280.04 9.972.46! 2,569.82 517.50 43,667.85 4,165.98 Total 534,108.73 417,540.53 116,563.20 Bonded indebtedness, March 1, 1882 $1,139,500.01 Floating indebtedness, March 1, 1882 17,359.81 PART SECOND. CITY OF DAYTON. CITY OF DAYTON.* CHAPTER I. ELECTING THE SITE— PURCHASE OF 1789 — THE PROPRIETORS 1795 — THE PLAT — Arrival of First Settlers — Dayton Pioneers — Three First Cabins— Topographical— Discouragements— Improvements— The Hamlet— Block- House and School— First Dayton Baby— Cabin Meeting House and Burying-Ground— Flat Boating Trade— Skin Currency— Indian Trad- ing-Titles and Change of Plat— The Old Tavern— Population Re- duced. THE DAYTON SETTLEMENT. MTF, skirmish between the Kentuckians and Indians, at the month of Mad - River, November 9, 1782, and the bivouac of the Kentuckians here No- mber 20, on their return march, was the first opportunity the whites had to amine this portion of the splendid Miami Valley; and at that time their at- ijntion was drawn to the location, as a good point for settlement. Some of this same party camped here again for two or three days in 1786, their return from a successful expedition against the Machacheek towns. Maj. Benjamin Stites, who in 1788 was the first to explore the valley, immediately after his return to the Ohio River, began negotiations with Judge immes for the purchase of the entire seventh range of townships, from one Jami to the other. The deed was executed June 11, 1789, and was recorded son afterward; the price was 83 cents an acre, but as has already been stated, ie enterprise was delayed, and finally defeated, by the long-continued Indian urs. The piuchase of the seventh and eighth ranges of townships, between Mad iver and the Little Miami, by Gov. Artlnu’ St. Clair, Jonathan Dayton, bn. James Wilkinson and Col. Israel Ludlow, seemed a fair chance foremi- ; ants, who had been waiting to settle in the Miami Valley. November 4, 1795, the town was laid out; and here on the ground, those jesent for themselves, and as representatives for others, who proposed to join ie colony— in all forty-six people — drew donation lots, and the surveyors with t? whole party, returned to Cincinnati for the winter. Two small camps of Indians were here when the settlers arrived in the ]togue April 1, 1796. “As daylight broke, A strange sound waked the void — the measured stroke Of splashing oars — and round the graceful bend A boat her steady course was seen to wend; Slowly she comes, and to the woody beach She nearer draws, until at last they reach The destined shore, and quick the anxious group Spring from her deck, a strong and hardy troop ! Then through the wild the startled echoes leap As first the ax is rained, and buried deep In the gnarled trunk of an ancestral oak ! The sound was new, ***** * * * the ground was quickly cleared And sheltering cabins from the ruin reared.” The boat was landed at the head of St. Clair street, and Mrs. Catherine lompson was the first lady to step ashore. ^Chapters I to V, inclusive, on “City of Dayton,” are written by Ashley Brown. 548 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. The Indians were easily made friendly, and left within a day or two with ont trouble. The men at once arranged temporary shelter for the two families, thei cleared off a small space for the cabins and began getting out the logs, and when the overland parties arrived, all were busy at the work. DAYTON PIONEERS. Samuel Thompson, his wife Catharine and their two children, Sarah anc Matthew; Benjamin and William Van Cleve, and their sister Mary; Georg; Newcom, his wife Mary, and his brother William; Widow McClure, her tons James and John, and daughters, Kate and Ann; and Abraham Glassmire; wen those of the colony who on April 1, 1796, located on the town plat, and wen therefore the pioneer settlers of Dayton. William Van Cleve moved on lit land south of the settlement, within two or three years. Abraham Grassmire had gone away before 1799. Three cabins then were the beginning of the settlement on the Daytoi plat; George Newcom’ s at the southwest corner of Main and Water streets; Sam j uel Thompson’s on Water street, half way between Jefferson and St. Clair; am the cabin of Widow McClure and her boys, at the southwest corner of Watt- and Mill streets. The Dayton settlement included the farming lands in a cir cle of two or three miles around the mouth of Mad River. TOPOGRAPHICAL. The settlers were influenced to locate on the river bank, at Water street I! from their idea that the most desirable property would be near the landing from whence in future years must be shipped the surplus products of the coup I try- On the west side of the plat, a prairie extended from First street to Fifth j and from Perry street to the sycamores along the river. The high ground oj this prairie was fenced by the pioneers as a common farming lot. In it an of them was entitled to till as much of the soil as he chose. Corn and some vegetables were also planted in a little prairie that la;j between this larger tract and the cabins. The boundaries of the plat were as follows: Water street was the nortij line; the east line was Mill street, south to Third, thence west to St. Clair south to Fifth; west to Jefferson; south to South street (since changed innam to Sixth); west to Ludlow; north to Fifth; west to Wilkinson; and north t|j Water street. The streets were not opened for several years, but remained covered with forest trees and a dense undergrowth of vines and bushes, excej Water street, which was cleared to the water’s edge, and a narrow wagon roa was cut out the entire length of Main street. A gully, five or six feet deep, extended from the corner of Wilkinso and First streets, crossing Main at the corner of Main Cross street (Thir street), and ending in the prairie, near the corner of Fifth and Brown streets There were also small prairies north of First street and west of Wilkii son ; some of them of half an acre, but most smaller. There were also tb prairies east of St. Clair street and south of First, separated from each othc by small strips of timber, and extending down to the present Stout street cant bridge. Between these prairies, the center of the plat was a dense mass c hazel bushes and plum thickets, hawthorn trees and occasional clumps of fores j trees. East of Mill street to Webster, and between First and Loury streets, thei was a heavy growth of hickory timber, with here and there oak and walnu From Webster street east to the hill, there were jack oaks, plum thickets an thorn trees. A deep ravine ran from the head of Mill street down the pre: CITY OF DAYTON. 549 r course of the canal to the river, below the foot of Ludlow street. Another ;J e ravine extended from the river, at the head of J efferson street, across to 0 he common (now the public square), connecting with the ravine running ,c th. The town having been named Dayton, after a Federalist, the four’ streets at favorably located were named St. Clair, Jefferson, Ludlow and Wilkin- 3C. The streets to run east and west were: Water, First, Second, Third, ' jrth, Fifth and South streets ; running north and south were Mill, St. ir, Jefferson. Main, Ludlow and Wilkinson streets. The town plat was laid out in 280 lots, each 100 feet wide and 200 feet ip. There were also fifty-four outlots of ten acres each, east of where the ill basin now is. There were reservations for markets, schools, churches i burial-grounds. The little garden and corn-patches had yielded plenty in the way of sup- ple. Two or three settlers joined the colony in the winter of 1796-97. More la 1 was cleared and cultivated, and supplies were plenty for the settlers that fie coming in to locate on the farming lands. Friends and strangers were il:e welcome to share in whatever the pioneers had. The spring of 1797 opened with the brightest prospects for the little col- . Disadvantages and difficulties incident to new settlements were over- lie, and the prospect of another good season brought contentment to the i deers. Carefully were the truck-patches watched for the early spring growth, tt although the variety of vegetables was limited, they were enjoyed with a ■ash when they did come. First, the weeks, then the days were counted, nil the potatoes should blossom; and when the young corn might be pulled :c roasting ears, it was an event in the settlement. The scanty improvements of the settlers made very little change in the Escape, DISCOURAGEMENTS. The winter of 1798-99 was a season of great annoyance ; the people were vi he Gospel by that earnest pioneer elder of the church. Under his leader - 1) the early Methodists for years held their services in the groves of Mad i ex’, he helped to organize their first churches in this county, and in Miami, J rk and Champaign, and was afterward influential in establishing the church i Dayton. FLAT- BOATING AND TRADE. David Lowry, in the winter of 1799-1800, built and launched a fiat-boat, Mad River, near Donnel’s Ci’eek. and bi’ought her to Dayton to load. Her ! bers were heavy, hewed oak plank, fastened with wooden pins to the frame. L was ready for the spring freshet with a load of grain, pelts, and 500 ven- sh hams, and after a trip of two months, reached New Orleans in safety. Afer selling boat and cargo, Lowxy returned overland on horseback to his i He. Ti’ade down the river by flat-boats increased in importance each year, i|il the canal was opened in 1829. Shipments were usually made from the red warehouse that stood on the river bank, at the head of Wilkinson bet. Boats were built in the winter and launched with the spring freshets, I I loaded with pork, flour, grain, pelts and whisky. The trip to the Ohio «k nearly a week’s time, and sis to ten weeks were counted on for a trip to Av Orleans. Boats from above would land at Dayton, then, when the water right, the whole fleet would start for the trip South. It was a busy time to S the cargoes aboard and get away with the high water. Whatever of supplies w;e brought to the settlements, were transported overland on pack-hoi’ses or a the river in dug-outs. It was nearly a week’s trip from Cincinnati by pack- h se, and ten days by river. Flour cost 85 a hundred weight, and $2.50 to bag it here. Groceries, dry goods, and supplies of all kinds had to be R 556 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. brought in that way; and there being no store here it was troublesome for t! pioneers to dispose of pelts, as the nearest trading stores were at Hamilti and Cincinnati. In 1799, Henry Brown was at Loramie with a stock of good in the fall of 1800, a Mr. McDougal, of Detroit, opened the first store Dayton, in the second story of Newcom’s tavern. The opening of this fir store met the needs of the time, and proved not only the greatest eonvei ience to the people of the neighborhood, but brought trade from the sottj ments for thirty or forty miles up the Miami and Mad River Valleys. P; ties of Indians from their villages to the north and west came, sprino- ai fall, to trade furs, skins, fish, game honey, and “tree-sugar,” for powdt lead, blankets, whisky, dry goods and trinkets. Many camps of them m sometimes located at the springs or along the river from Stillwater as f down as Twin Creek. Their camps at Dayton were usually located at. the b spring, on the north side of Mad River, near the Miami; or in the woo across the Miami, from the head of Wilkinson street. Money was not needed on the frontier; the “skin currency” served eve purpose for barter and trade; 25 cents was the standard price for a muskr skin, the price-list rating in this way: Muskrat skin, 25 cents; coon skin, one and a half muskrat skir doe skin, two muskrat skins; buck skin, four muskrat skins; bear skin, fro twelve to twenty muskrat skins; and upon this table all trading was done b tween men and at the stores. A customer would ask the store-keeper, 1 ‘ Wh I is the price of whisky?” The answer would be, “Five doe skins;” “h buck skins for a shirt;” “two muskrat skins for a yard of calico;” “a be' skin for a bridle-bit; ” “four buck skins and two coon skins for a chic shawl; ” “ three dozen shirt buttons for a coon skin; ” “ four pounds of sug for two doeskins and one muskrat skin; ” “a half-pint flask, or a half-pound pepper, or a half-pound of tobacco, or a half-ounce of camphor, or a eke handkerchief, or twelve skeins of thread, or one ounce of aloes, or a yard ribbon, or a half-pound of coffee, for one muskrat skin.’’ It took three buj skins to buy a pound of Young Hyson tea; a doe skin to buy a bed cord; good bear skin was the price of a Dutch oven, and two bear skins was che; for a set of cups and saucers. A sickle cost a buck skin; a pair of cotfi stockings cost two buck skins; a doe skin would buy a yard of shirting ; a ii ding comb cost a muskrat skin; a pair of moccasins cost a coon skin; a pout of lead for bullets was worth a muskrat skiD ; a bear skin would buy a set forks and knives; factory cotton cost a doe skin to the pound; a gallon brandy sold for five buck skins; one buck skin and one doe skin was the pri of a pound of powder. INDIAN TRADING. Trading with the Indians at the stores was usually carried on in this wa "Whether the Indian would come over alone or in a party, the bucks or all w! brought their furs, jerked meat, bear’s oil, etc., to trade, entered the store silence and took seats on the benches. The merchant always presented eat with a small quantity of tobacco. After filling their pipes they put what tj bacco was left into their mink-skin pouches. After smoking awhile, talking 1 each other and glancing over the store to see the display of goods, they we ready for trade. One of them at a time left his seat and went to the counte pointing with a stick to the article he desired, would ask, “How much?) The Indians never tried to beat down the price, but if dissatisfied, wou quietly turn to some other article. If satisfied with the price, he would p; it in skins, according to the table given above, or if in meat or other stuff, a rate mutually understood by Indians and traders, paying for each article as j went along. The others looked on without interrupting until the first Indi; CITY OF DAYTON. 557 v; through trading; then another took his place, and so on in rotation until a had traded. Each one carefully reserved enough to trade for whisky. Yer all their purchases were made, then came their drunken carouse at their :ps. The squaws would often be sent over for whisky, sometimes keeping ;,.the spree for weeks before starting back to the North. Although not hostile, yet, being entirely unused to the ways of civilized lil they were often troublesome, and a great annoyance to the villagers; ks and squaws would walk through the cabins, prying into chests and hoards, and, if not watched, would carry off anything that pleased them. TITLES AND CHANGES OE PLAT. The clearing at the quiet little hamlet on the Miami had been extended ueet the necessities of new-comers to the settlement. Property had not ad- ;ced in value at all; the difficulty about titles prevented the transfers of real site, and was additional reason for settlers to go upon the farming lands md. Titles of the original piu-chasers of lots and lands were clouded by ■: failure of Symmes to complete his pimchase of the Government. Their its, however, were respected. St. Clair. Wilkinson, Dayton and Ludlow i\ ndoned to the 'Government their claim and right to purchase, and assisted i: settlers who had purchased of them, in getting their lands. Through Dan- ep. Cooper, who by pre-emption right, the consent of the settlers and friend- viegislation of Congress, became proprietor of the town plat all of the origi- ns settlers, or their representatives, procured patents for their lands, and in- o. paying the Government at the rate of §2 per acre, which with the fees, a le the lots in town cost about fl each. As a part of the arrangement by which Mr. Cooper became titular proprie- j of the town plat, a new plat was made, showing the location of each man’ s iperty. A very large number of lots were te be given free, for churches, njket space, county buildings, bury ing - grounds and a park. The plat was ve T materially changed; there were to be 381 inlots, each six poles wide by rive poles long; and fifty-six outlots east of what is now Sears street. The rets were to be foiu - poles wide, except Main and Main Cross streets, which be to be six poles wide; the alleys were to be one pole wide. This plat was suited by D. C. Cooper and Israel Ludlow, April 26, 1802, and the next day v duly recorded in the Hamilton County records at Cincinnati. At that :ii5 there was a large island in the river at the head of Main street, and three rads in Mad River just above its mouth. There was a spring in a grove near the corner of First and Wilkinson t els, but most of the families used river water. George Newcom sunk the u well at his tavern, and that old well-sweep was the first to swing in the fey. THE OLD TAVERN. Newcom’s tavern was a place of note. Men who came up the valley to 1 : for lands stopped there for rest, as well as to inquire the way to the set- luents; families and movers all passed that corner. The tavern was a favor- tolace for the men to gather; all paths led there; and it was the one place wire the men could, in the winter, sit around the big log fire, smoke their dps, take their toddies and talk or listen to the tales of hunting adventures, r f the more thrilling events of experience in the Indian wars. They could 1 tell stories from experience, rich in incidents of pioneer times. With ccely an exception, they told of friends or relatives who had been victims 1 Lavage barbarity and massacre. The whole period of their early history u crowded with the most daring adventures; their stories were the facts of 558 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. the times, and these men were the pioneer fathers of Dayton, whose descent ants are now active and influential in the affairs of the city. Not a man < them could be classed as an adventurer, laboring merely to provide for imnn diate wants; all were aiming to establish homes for their families, to aceumi late property, and were the influential men of the community. Newcom, the landlord, was his own hostler, barkeeper, gardener and farn er; his log barn, with its racks and troughs, stood back from the road. Tlx was the fully equipped log tavern, almost in the wilderness, and there the pi ( neers gathered to talk over prospects and surroundings. POPULATION REDUCED. At the close of the winter of 1802-03, there were but five families iivir , in the settlement; those of George Newcom, Samuel Thompson, John Weis | Paul D. Butler and George Westfall. WilliamNewcom and WilliamVan Cleve were farming; John Williams ha! moved with his family on land that he had entered up Wolf Creek. The M Clures had gone to Miami County, and Thomas Arnett had moved away wit his family. One-third of the population of the town had abandoned their cal' ins and had gODe into the woods for permanent homes, leaving four vacail! cabins in Dayton. CITY OF DAYTON. 559 CHAPTER II. [e Village— Incorporated— Changes— Flood of 1805— Indian Graves — First Newspaper— The Academy— First Brick Residence— Business in 1808— The Doctors— Public V endue— Mail Routes— Divorce — Town Elec- tion— Manufactures— Ferries— The Town Plats— United States Pat- ents to Cooper— Fourth of July, 1809— St. John's Lodge— Boating up the Miami— A Trip East— Teaming— The Town in 1810-1811— Mob— Cele- brations— War of 1812— Mechanical Society— Real Estate. r VIE cluster of cabins at Dayton, was but the center of a cluster of settle- ments ; the little hamlet in the backwoods could not present many points ' [■ecommend it as the best location for the county seat. One-half of the cabins were empty. Except on Water street, the whole p t was covered with bushes, weeds and vines, scrub oaks, wild cherry trees a 1 plum thickets. North of the river the dense forest reached to the river i j lik ; on the east the forest extended from the present location of the Hydrau- 1 : around to near the corner of Fifth and Wayne streets, and on down to the bis south of town. Wild game was abundant. Wolves howled at night and panthers were ■ '.asionally killed. For many years there was no dwelling or clearing east of Mill street, except os?, a log cabin in the woods on the north side of where Third street now lies, ween Beckel and Front streets. THE VILLAGE. The honor conferred upon the village in its selection as the county seat of ■ newly formed county of Montgomery, was the opportunity to shake off its i mitive crossroad ways and assume the proper dignity, by making improve- -nts to accommodate the court, its high officials and attending lawyers. Benjamin VanCleve’s commission as Postmaster was issued in Washing- tv, December 13, 1803, but was not received here until the next month, Jan- ■y, 1804, so that it is probable that the post office was opened in the spring of The post office was opened at Mi’. Van Cleve’s cabin, at the southeast ner of First and St. Clair streets, and Mr. Van Cleve was continued as Post- rater until his death in 1821. For some years the only mail received in Dayton was one that was carried tjpost-rider, leaving Cincinnati once a week ; the route was up the Little v ami, through Lebanon and Xenia, up to Urbana, and then down through 1 jua, Dayton and Hamilton to Cincinnati again. Thus a letter from Cincin- J; fi to Dayton went the round via Lebanon, Xenia, Urbana and Piqua before chiag here ; and a letter from Dayton to Piqua or Xenia, or one from banklin to Dayton, had to first go to Cincinnati and come around the circuit, r[iiiring a week to reach its destination. The next mail route established was a weekly mail from Zanesville and t • east via Franklinton, Urbana and Piqua to Dayton. The next line was to al from the east via Chillicothe, and it was the principal channel of commu- tation east for many years, and until a more direct route was established t 'ough Columbus. 660 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY Inprovement began at once ; Main street was cleared of undergrowth am stumps nearly the entire length, the lower end being at the present junctioi with Warren street ; the gully crossing Main at Main Cross street, was fillet with logs and covered with earth ; First street was partially graded from Lad low street, oast to St. Clair. The village school was opened in the fall by George Westfall, at his cabii on Main street ; the log jail was built that year. Henry Brown and John Sutherland shortly after Wayne’s treaty at Green ville became partners in business as “Indian traders,” at Fort Hamilton where they kept a large stock of goods ; doing business under the firm uam of Brown & Sutherland. In the winter of 1798-99, Brown, with a portion o the goods, opened a branch store at Loramie, where he remained in charge until ii 1804, when he built a frame storeroom in Dayton, on the east side of Main stree near Water street. It was the only store here at the time ; and there wire bu two other shingle roofed houses in the village — Mr. Cooper’s residence, south west corner First and Ludlow streets, and Newcom’s tavern. The firmtradei largely with the Indians, sending agents with goods to the Greenville, For Wayne and Wapakonetta towns. The firm was dissolved in June, 1812; Mi' Brown continuing the business at his residence on Main street near the cour house until his death in 1823. DAYTON INCORPORATED. The town of Dayton was incorporated by act of the Legislature on tk 12tli day of February, 1805. The act provided “that such part of the township of Dayton, in the coir.it; of Montgomery, as is included within the following limits, that is to say : Be ginning on the bank of the Miami where the sectional line between the secom and third sections, fifth township and seventh range intersects the same; thenc east with said line to the middle of section thirty- three, second township seventh range ; thence north two miles ; thence west to the Miami ; then© down the same to the place of beginning, shall be. and the same is hereb; erected into a town, corporate, which shall henceforth be known and distil guished by the name of the town of Dayton. ” Seven Trustees, a Collector, Supervisor and a Town Marshal, were to be elected by the freeholders who ha< lived in the town six months. The Trustees so elected were to choose from thei: own number, a President and Recorder, they were also to elect a Treasurer. wh< was not required to be one of the Trustees. The board thus organized was to be known as “ The Select Council of tk town of Dayton. ” The first election under this act occurred on the first Monday of May, 18) The terms of three of the Trusteed were to expire in one year and thei place filled by election ; and elections were to be held annually after that. Expenditures were to be authorized and voted at meetings of the free holders and house-holders of the town. This section of the law was repeal® in 1813-14. The President of the “ Select Council ” was Mayor of the town. Meet ings of Council, for ten years, were held at the houses of the different mem bers; a fine of 25 cents was imposed upion members for being thirty mm utes late. The expenses of the town for the first year were $72, and the Couucil de termined to raise the money by taxation. A meeting of the voters was call® to settle the question; the vote stood thirteen for, and seventeen against; tk proposition was defeated. Streets were being cleai’ed and opened up, and a but little fencing had been done on the farms around the town, and still les CITY OF DAYTON. 561 , x) he town, all stock was running at large and became such a nuisance that in Member, 1806, an ordinance was passed forbidding “ the running of hogs r other animals at large on the streets of the town.” The operation of the : nance was afterward suspended until the spring of 1807. CHANGES. The first brick building erected in Dayton was “McCollum’s tavern;” the v- story brick built by Hugh McCollum, on the southwest corner of Second , r Main streets, in 1805. The County Commissioners contracted with him C|the use of as much of his house, when completed, as would be needed for i idling the courts. Under this arrangement, the place for holding the courts y changed from Newcom’s tavern to McCollum’s, for the fall term of 1805. T s building was used as a tavern until about 1870, when the floor was low- Tl and other changes made to adapt the rooms to business. In 1880, b building was torn down to give place to the new Firemen’s Insurance Tck. In March, 1805, the first great flood that had occurred since the settlement .? he town, rushed like a mighty torrent down the Miami bottoms from the j(th. The water rose rapidly, and swept over nearly the entire town plat, t -ing for several days at flood height. Water covered the floors of houses oafhe west side of Main street, from First to Second. The people were ujitly alarmed; so much so that Mr. Cooper proposed to vacate the town plat, ar lay out a new town upon the same plan on the high ground to the east- v d. pledging to every property holder a lot of the same size and in the same uejitive situation as he then owned. Owing to the opposition of two prominent citizens, who were unwilling to bnclon their improvements, the plan was not adopted. In 1806, D. C. Cooper and John Compton entered into partnership, built a jie-story brick and began business on the northeast corner of First and Main diets. The same year, James Steele and Joseph Peirce built a two-story brick, ai . began business on the southeast corner of the same street. The opening these stores brought business away from the river to the new trade center; deuces were built down the west side of Main street as far as the alley nijith of the court house, and for a square or two on First street, east and west ■iMain. Mr. Cooper had put up the “ old saw mill,” on First street, near Sears, an soon afterward he erected a grist-mill at the head of Mill street. July, 1809, he added a carding-machine to the latter establishment. These mis on Mill street were burned in July, 1820, and were rebuilt by Mr. Coop- er executors. When word was sent out that “meeting” was to be held, men and women wild come in ten miles or more, on horseback, to participate, and in sum- rj f) the young people walked five or six miles to “ meeting,” carrying their •' es — and stockings, if they had any — in their hands, going and coming, sipping a short distance from the “ meeting ’ ’ to put them on and primp up. Skeletons of buried Indians have, at different times, been found in many Pits of the town; around the corner of Water and Mill streets, at First a 1 Beckel streets, over Mad River, near the forks of the old Troy road, in ti Fair Ground hill, in a knoll in Woodland Cemetery, at the north end of 1 dge street bridge, and at the west end of Third street bridge. In cutting through a mound, at the east end of First street, in February, Hi, to open the street to the Springfield pike, a skeleton was found, around t neck of which was a string of 170 copper beads, and in the grave were a o a number of very fine arrow and spear heads. 562 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. An effort was made, in 1806, by a Mr. Crane, of Lebanon, Ohio, to estafc lish a newspaper in Dayton. But a few numbers were issued, when the editoi having an attack of the chills and fever, abandoned the enterprise and re turned to Lebanon. The Dayton Academy was incorporated in 1807, and in the succeeclin, year, a two-story brick schoolhouse was erected by subscription, on the wes side of St. Clair street, near Third. The bell was donated by Mr. Cooper This academy property was sold in 1883; lots were bought on the southwfig corner of Fourth and Wilkinson streets, and on these lots the trustees built two-story brick schoolhouse, fronting on Wilkinson street. There was a bast ment to the building, gable shingle roof and cupola, in which hung a little ol shrill-toned bell. The length of the building was on Wilkinson street, and i stood at the inner line of the sidewalk. The first floor was about eight feet u and was reached by wooden steps on the walk. The stockholders in 1857 dcnai edthe property to the City Board of Education. The old building was tor down and the present structure erected. During the winter of 1807-8, a debating club was organized in the vil lage, and spelling matches were regularly held in the academy building, an< were the excitement of the winter; sides were chosen and there were man sharp contests in spelling each other down. The first brick private residence was built by Henry Brown, in the yea 1808; a two-story brick, on the northwest corner of Main street and the alle between Second and Third streets. The building, in 1863, was occupied a the Journal office; was afterward torn down to give place to the present struct ure. The village was a busy, bustling little place in the year 1808; improve ment and prosperity had come to the good villagers, roads had been opened t the different settlements around, and a good trade established. The taverns were doing a good business. Grimes’ tavern, on the east aid of Main street, at the south corner of the first alley south of Water street, wa a log building, one and a half stories high, and sixty feet long, kept by Joh Grimes. It had a belfry on top; the log barn and feed yard were back in th alley. Several year’s later, two or three frame additions were built to the ta\ em, and the large dining room became the popular place for balls and dancei Keid’s Inn, on the west side of Alain street, at the north corner of the a, ley, between First and Second streets, was a two-story frame house, with a bei fry; the sign swung in a square frame on a post that stood at the edge of th sidewalk. In after years a portrait of Cotnmodore Lawrence was painted on th sign, and a scroll with his last words, “ Don’t give up the ship;” below him. the small sign, Beid’s Inn. To save the $10 tavern license, in 1808, the tavern was changed to a hous! of private entertainment. In 1836, it was burned down. McCollum’s Tavern, on the southwest corner of Main and Second streets was the best house in the village; the little bell in the belfry called merchants mechanics and transients to breakfast before day. After the war of 1812, th sign was ornamented with a picture of the capture of the British frigate Duel riere, by the American frigate Constitution. The Dayton Repertory, a newspaper eight by twelve inches, printed on sheet of foolscap paper, was published weekly at $2 a year, by William McOlui and George Smith. Their first issue was on September 18, 1808, and the las paper was issued December 4, 1809. The press was a second-hand one, tha had been brought from the East, with a lot of old-style type. The news froi Europe was three months old. In the winter, in order to remove the office t the south side of Second street, between Main and Jefferson, publication ofth CITY OF DAYTON. 563 ;e r was suspended for several weeks. Advertisements were inserted at $1 a qare for three weeks, and 25 cents extra for each subsequent issue. Mathew Patton was the village cabinet maker; James Hanna had a weav- ; n establishment at the lower end of Main street; John Dodson was house car- e ter and joiner; H. G. Phillips kept a stock of general merchandise; John upton, Jr., kept store at Main and First; merchantable produce was taken fcitie market price for work and goods. Brown and Sutherland had a large stock of goods. Steele and Peirce had assortment of dry goods, groceries, hardware, queens and glassware, medi- i|s, stationery, .iron, nails and castings. The roads were not graveled, and :hj;e was little effort made to keep the sidewalks in good condition. The mer- bjits all had hitching posts and feed boxes in the road in front of their ties. It was the custom for all of the merchants to keep a bottle of whisky e a bottle of wine sitting on their counter for customers to help themselves. :'b custom continued as late as 1840. Fences around the door yards were stake and riders, a few were post and and there was but little improvement made until after the war. There were three good physicians in Dayton in 1808, each of them having i :ge practice through the country, sometimes riding twenty miles to attend i.tient, making regular visits through a circuit, stopping at the cabins to oj the patients all around. The Rev. Dr. Welsh kept supplies of medicines, was a practicing physician, n Presbyterian preacher. Dr. John Elliott had been a surgeon in Wayne’s army, and for several 3/s a practicing physician of the village. He died here, and was buried on id6th day of February, 1809, with military honors, by the Dayton troop of iiat Dragoons and the infantry company; the clergy of the neighborhood n a large concourse of people of the village and county .assembled and i/hed with martial music to the grave, where a eulogy was delivered. Dr. William Murphy who had been practicing for two or three years, died a .808. Their medicines were made of roots and herbs principally, and were of strongest kinds ; rheumatism and fevers were the diseases they had most to ■i in this new country. They carried medecines and instruments in saddle a i, slung across the pommel of the saddle. As stimulants, they used in their practice, squaw root, snakeroot, Indian ip, hops, sassafras, ginseng, poke berries, the juice of the poison vine and bark and berries of the prickly ash. As tonics, dogwood bark and dowers, willow bark, yellow root, yellow 1 ar bark, and seed pods, bark of the tulip poplar, and oak bark. As astringent, bark of the red maple, beech, oak and wild cherry, persim- bark and unripe fruit. ; Emetics, bark of the buckeye, wild ginger root, tobacco leaves, snakeroot a bark of the white locust. Cathartics, senna leaves, dag root, may apple root, and bark of butternut 4 Most every house kept a supply of roots and herbs, and most of the mothers '<■ their own way of doctoring. Public vendue of all kinds of personal property, administrators’ sales, cat- ie .nd horse sales, generally occurred on court days. Main and Third streets in wicinity of the court house presented a lively appearance ; people were u ng and selling furniture, auctioneers were shouting for bidders, horse trad- tfvere busy. Not much money changed hands, for all kinds of sales were ;ai e to take chattels and produce in pay. 564 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Advertisements of administrators for the sale of real estate offered to ta produce at the market rates, as pay. A meeting of the citizens of the town was held October 1, 1808, to cons er an offer from the Postmaster General to establish a weekly mail route fr< Wheeling to Dayton, New Lexington and Eaton. ‘ ‘ If the people aloim t line would pay the expense, he would allow them all the emoluments arisi from the several new offices. ” This post rider route was shortly afterward i tablished, and is the one referred to as the “ route East via Chi'llicothe." The mail north was carried by the post rider to Urbana, once a week. The pioneers were not entirely exempt from trouble in their marriage lations, for in the papers of those days are several legal notices that divoi had been applied for. We give one here as a sample of the rest : Know ye that I do forewarn all persons from harboring, or trusting my wife Eliza!) Spuryer on my account, as she has left my bed and boarding, without any lawful teas as I am determined to put the law in force against anybody that I find my property wi Elisha Spuhtek. Betsy — his wife — petitioned for separation, charging her husband w: whipping her, and not keeping the marriage vow. In the spring of 1809, Isaac Burnet was elected President of the “ Sol Town Council,” and John Polkerth Recorder pro tern. An ordinance in that year was passed by Council requiring all adult ma to work two days in each year upon the streets. A flat-bottomed boat from the mouth of Honey Creek, loaded with wall and cherry lumber, arrived here on the 11th of April, and started the next c for New Orleans. April 18, D. C. Cooper began running a carding machine at his mills, Water street, near Mill street. David Steele was operating a cooper shop on First street near St. Clair April 19, Dr. P. Wood opened the first drug store in Reid’s Inn, for sale of “medicines by the small.” John and Archibald Burns established a sickle-factory in the village same month, and a wrought-nail factory began operations on Main street, < posite Grimes’ tavern. John Strain & Co. were the proprietors. Thomas McNutt was the village tailor. A. dye-house was opened in May, by James Beck; deep blue was the fa ionable color; cotton was colored at 75 cents a pound; linen and woolen gu at 624 cents. In consequence of low water and a change in the channel of the ri near Hamilton, navigation of the Miami in flat-boats was considered ris On the 23d of May, 1809, John Compton started with a boat-load of grit pork and whisky, aud got through safely to the Ohio. Other boats made trip, but the water was so very low that they were from two to three we getting down to the mouth of the river. In Dayton there were two ferry- crossings in the Miami, one at the foot First street, at the old ford on the road to Rench’s mill, now Salem. 1 ferry was running until January, 1819, when the old red toll-bridge, at Bri< street, was finished; the other at the foot of Fourth street, on the road lead down to Gunckel’s mill, now Germantown. The lower ford was just below where the railroad bridge now is ; the road it was down Third street to the present Perry street; thence along a narrow r to the ford; this road was afterward widened and called Perry street. THE TOWN PLATS. The original plat of Dayton, as laid out by the proprietors in 1795, not take effect, by reason of their failure to secure title through Symmes: CITY OF DAYTON. 565 11 subsequent arrangement, by which D. C. Cooper was to become the pro- ctor of the land at the mouth of Mad River, he made an entirely different i This and other reasons caused further confusion and delay, so that the i;:er had not been adjusted in 1805. In 1801, he made a larger plat and i aitted it for record on the 9th of September; for some reason, however, Kecord was not made until November 20, of the year following. In the untime, the great flood had occurred and the proposition was made to locate j: whole plat on the higher ground east of the village. Tnis was not ac- j plished, and it was not until 1808, and afterward, that the original set- all got their lots by patent from the Government, or by deed from D. C. k per. The plat of 1805 contemplated a public square, with the center of the n'ting at Main and Third streets as the center of that square; the court o ;e to be located at the center. In 1809, a revised plat was made by Mr. c ler, to conform to deeds and patents, and to the original plat, as laid out vVilkinson, Ludlow, Dayton and St. Clair, in 1795. This revised plat of Si), therefore, became the plat of the town, and to it all subsequent addi- ct have been made. In numbering the lots, numbers were skipped, to be si in replatting some of the outlots. Prior to the record of this plat of 1809, property was seldom transferred v eed; the County Commissioners established a rule that that party would ■recognized as the owner of a lot whose name appeared in the list opposite > ly lot number; thus, to pass the title of a piece of property from one per- nto another, all that was necessary was a verbal request of the owner to : the purchaser’s name placed in the list instead of his own. Of these auctions, be they few or many, no record has been preserved, but instead uch record, a perfect list of lot-owners at the time the plat of 1809 a recorded, forms the basis of title to all of the original 321 inlots of >; ton. In reference to the records of changes in title to Dayton and Montgom- ; County property, a misunderstanding has long existed as to the importance lamilton County records, to show a perfect abstract of title to Montgom- i r County lands. Owing to the failure of the Symmes Purchase, there are Records at Cincinnati that can be of the slightest value in tracing title to Utgomery County lands. The original records of all transfers by patent, '< i the Government to individuals, and subsequent sales of Montgomery * lty property, appear in the records of Montgomery County. By virtue of the right of pre-emption, granted by law to certain persons L,had contracted with John Cleves Symmes, or his associates, the following bribed lands were, pursuant to an act of Congress, conveyed by “ patent,” by -lames Madison, President, to D. C. Cooper. July 18, 1812, 419 r 6 o 3 o acres of land, being the residue of all south of h River, in fractional Section 4, Town 1, Range 7. after deducting Inlots 6, 8, 14, 46, 51, 52, and 78, and Outlots 5, 6, and 26, in the town of Day- i which lots contain together, 34^°^ acres. October 5, 1813, 292 j-|q- acres of land, being fractional Section 3, Town ange 7, south of Mad River, excepting Outlot 52 of ten acres, in the town ayton. October 5, 1813, 88 ■jSjj-jj- acres of land, designated by the Surveyor Gen- ; as Survey No. 2 (except houselot No. 20, of half an acre in the town of 1 loon), fractional Section 10, Town 1, Range 7, south of Mad River. October 5, 1813, 65 T 6 -^ acres of land, being Survey No. 1, as designated v ie Surveyor General, in fractional Section 10, Town 1, Range 7, south of h River. 566 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. October 25, 1813, 69^°^ acres of land, fractional Section 9, Town Range 7, south of Mad River. FOURTH OF JULY. A regular old-fashioned Fourth of July celebration was organized 1809. The militia and citizens of the town and vicinity assembled on t river bank, at the head of Main street, and marched in procession to the coi house, where, after appropriate singing, and the delivery of an oration, t procession was re-formed and marched to the house of H. Disbrow for dinu tickets, 50 cents. Salutes were fired by the artillery and foot soldiers — i two Dayton companies — ■ Capt. James Steele’s troop of Light Dragoons, a j Capt. Paul D. Butler’s Infantry Company. The day finished up with wrestling, shooting at a mark, foot-races, hoi' races, jumping; anything for fun, then a big dance in the evening. st. John’s lodge. Masonic history in Dayton began with the organization of St. John’s Lod in the year 1809, at their lodge room in the academy building on St. Cl street. The Lodge was afterward removed to the first dwelling house north Second street on the west side of Jefferson. There is not now a living meml: of that old lodge. BOATING UP THE MIAMI. In the winter of 1809-10, two keel-boats were built by Henry Disbr and Paul D. Butler, in the road in front of the court house. When finishlj they were moved on rollers to the river and launched, then were poled up : Maimi and Loramie to the portage, where one of them was taken out of. t water and hauled twelve miles across the portage to the Auglaize River, tl establishing a freight line by water between Dayton and Toledo, via the Miai Auglaize and Maumee Rivers. The boats made tolerably regular trips, a had a good trade. A TRIP EAST. Traveling was done on horseback, and in this way, in 1809, a Dayton m chant going east to buy goods was accompanied by his wife and infant ch;j They led a pack-horse to carry their luggage; the child was carried in a swung around the farther’s neck and rested on a pillow, on the pommel of saddle. They were a month in going to Philadelphia. Men generally wore leggings of green baize or other cloth, wrapped aroul the legs from shoe tops to thigh, held to place with tape strings. Horses ; riders were splashed all over with mud and water. In wet, stormy weather was often necessary to tie the horse in the woods, while the rider would s all night in the forks of a tree, or in a fallen tree top. TEAMING. Merchandise for the Dayton stores was freighted across the mountains fijj Philadelphia and Baltimore to Pittsburgh, in the long trains of “ Conestos wagons, the horses wearing the red yokes and jingling chimes so necessary the narrow winding mountain roads. At Pittsburgh, the goods were transferred to the “broad horns” (flat-boa to be floated to Cincinnati, and from there hauled overland to Dayton by tra of “ line teams,” or reshipped in keel-boats to be poled up the Miami. 1 bulk of supplies were brought up by river, yet for quick transit pack-hor were depended upon; two men could manage a dozen horses, carrying each: hundred pounds ; generally the horses were loose, following each other in sir file, from training and long service. Some horses it was necessary to tie, < CITY OF DAYTON. 567 f ie nxen having the lead horse and the other the hind one to watch the loads a keep the horses going-. The lead horse wore a bell. One man could ally manage six or eight horses. A driver would be equipped for any erner- e jy with gun, ammunition, an ax and blanket ; sometimes he would be re- lied to bridge a small stream. He had to kill game enough to supply him- and mate his own camp at night. Only in the evening would the loads eismoved from the horses; then a bell would be hung on each horses neck to idn finding them for an early start in the morning. The horses were turned K3 to graze. THE TOWN IN 1810. The population of Dayton in 1810 was 383. D. C. Cooper was elected ident of the Council, and James Steel, Recorder. Council passed an ordinance requiring certain sidewalks to be improved. I ordinance shows that the town at that time laid along Water street from [ a to Mill street ; south side of First, from Ludlow to St. Clair street ; and a lain street, from the river to Third street. The improvement required by [ordinance was, that the walks on these streets were “to be laid with stone r fick, or to be completely graveled, and a ditch dug along the outer edge of I walks.” The celebration of the Fourth of July in 1810, began by the assembling of at people of the town on the river bank at the head of Main street. A pro- -■ ion was formed and marched to the court house. The order of exercises was as follows : 1. Singing of an ode. 2. Prayer. 3. Reading the Declaration of Independence. 4. Oration. 5. Dinner under a bower erected for the occasion. The toasts were : 1. The Day — May the event for which it is celebrated never be forgotten. 2. The heroes of ’76 — May their sons protect what they achieved. 3. The Constitution of the United States — May its duration be as lasting - re solar system. 4. The memory of Washington. 5. James Madison, President of the United States. 6. The State of Ohio, the youngest of the Federal family— May she be foremost to suppress insurrection, and chastise foreign insolence. 7. The American people — May they always appreciate the blessings of a ! 'i government, and guard with zealous care their constitutional rights. 8. Virtue — The only base of National as well as individual happiness. 9. The arts and sciences, like the rays of light — May they dispel the mists f inorance and prejudice from our native land. 10. Agriculture — May our plowshares never rust, and may the hungry of f ons be fed with our superabundance. 11. Manufactures — May our exports exceed our imports. 12. The Navy of the United States — May they always acquit themselves as e |re the walls of Tripoli. 13. The Militia of the United States. 14. May love of country absorb partyism, and may we keep the maxim in 'i'h that united we stand, but divided we fall. 15. The Army of the United States. 16. The memory of Gen. Wayne, the patriot and soldier. 17. The American Fair — May they bestow their smiles only on those who k rve the blessings of liberty. 568 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. While the assembly were drinking the toasts, and listening to the respons the artillery tired a National salute. Beer, ale and porter were first brow from Cincinnati about this time to be sold at the taverns, and we may presu that they were served at this Fourth of July dinner. The other popular Tm were whisky, brandy, wine, wild crab cider and cherry bounce. Saturday, September 18, Col. Jerome Holt assembled the Fifth Regim< at Dayton “ for training purposes.” Business was generally suspended, a the country people flocked in to witness the display and parade. A stock of leather and saddlery was brought here, and a shop opened in 1 fall, and on November 1 a tannery began operation on Lot 229, at the soi end of Main street. During the winter of 1810-11, a bridle path was contracted for andt through from Dayton to Vincennes, a distance of 200 miles, and the State rc east and west through town was built. It will be remembered as the old c duroy road, fearful to travel over in the rainy or winter season ; in fact, ti was the trouble with all of the roads in the early days. The mud holes a low places were laid with poles, that would float, and the horses’ feet woi sink through them, ofteD causing delay for hours to work out. The roads wi not greatly impoved until after 1837. 1811, MOB, CELEBRATIONS. On the night of May 3, the Shakers, then living in town, were mobb< and were warned several times through the newspaper to leave the commun; or suffer the consequences; but they stood their ground, and replied throu the paper. The 13tli and 14th there were nine flat-boats left the Water street landii laden with flour and grain, salt pork and bacon, whisky and pelts, for N Orleans; one of the boats was wrecked twelve miles down the river, the oth< got through safely. At 10 o’clock A. M., June 20, the festival of St. John was celebrated by I John’s Lodge, No. 13, with Harmony Lodge, No. 8, of Springfield and Urbai as visitor's. The celebration of the Fourth of July, 1811, embraced the usual pi gramme, beginning with the citizen’ s meeting on the river bank at the head Main street, the procession marching to the court house, where the crowd v entertained with songs and speeches; two big dinners this year, one at Crrim( Tavern, the other at Strain’s boarding house, embellished with toasts and tillery, and winding up with a general hurrah. The Rifle Company and I) goons paraded as usual, and finished off with a dance in the evening. THE WAR OF 1812. The influence of Tecumseh, and his brother, the Prophet, had been i several years exerted to unite the Indian tribes of the Northwest against t whites; and when, in 1811, it became apparent that war was inevitab Tecumseh and his followers were ready to unite with the British against t United States. In April, 1812, Dayton was designated as the point of rendezvous for t militia that had been called into Government service. For two years the to ‘ was filled with the business and excitement of a military camp. The hoc were at first quartered in the town, and after the army moved to the Nor! Dayton was an important point on the line of communication. Men withes ital came to engage in business, new stores were opened, and every brancu trade increased. The Dayton Rifles were among the first to respond to the Governor’s c for troops, and were soon ordered to the front. Except immediately after Hu! CITY OF DAYTON. 569’ i ender, the town was in no special danger from the British or their savage a jjL New Lexington, Greenville, Pi qua and Urbana formed too strong a olon of outposts to be easily passed. Our people promptly responded to the Governor’s call for troops to check ] expected advance of the enemy after the disgraceful surrender at Detroit; bin a few hours after the news reached Dayton, Capt. Steele’s company were niching to the front. Men, women and children united in aiding the troops i et off. Dayton people and Dayton soldiers nobly discharged their every duty, and in the war was over, united in the general rejoicing. On Saturday, May 15, 1813, the mechanics of Dayton met at McCollum’s nm, and organized the Dayton Mechanical Society — the first workingmen’s i nization in Dayton. Real estate speculation ran very high that spring; a great deal of money been made in Dayton during the war; workingmen and mechanics were mg homes; land was platted and sold in lots up Mad River as far as the ;; nton Road ford. The town improved and pi’ogressed rapidly, until in 1820, hi the depression in business put a stop to all improvement. 570 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAPTER III. The Bank — Shows — 1815— Female Bible Society — Cabintown— Ratti.esna —Commons— Bucklot— Market House— Wagon Rates— Rival Societies Mad River Bridge— Bridge Street Bridge— Breweries— Town Electk 1816— Freighting up the River— Sunday Schools— Camp Meeting— Sta Lines— Boating South— New Year’s Ball— Scarcity of Money— Coy ton’s Tavern— Sickly Season— Hanging of McAfee— Mails— 1825 to li — Dayton and the Canal. P ERRY’S victory, and the continued success of Gen. Harrison’s army i newed confidence in business circles. In November, 1813, meetings Dayton business men were held with a view of establishing a bank here. T next month the Dayton Manufacturing Company was incorporated by the L< Mature, and began business in the stone house still standing on the east si of Main street, at the north corner of the first alley south of Water street. I cember 28, the following Directors were elected: H. G. Phillips, Joseph Peiri John Compton, David Reid, William Eaker, Charles R. Greene, Isaac G. Bi net, Joseph H. Crane, D. C. Lindsley, John Ewing, Maddox Fisher, Dai Griffin and John H. Williams. May 19, 1814, the board organized fey the el tion of H. G. Phillips, President, and George S. Houston, Cashier. Badri hours were from 10 A. M. to 1 P. M. The village blacksmith, who, before the war had the neighborhood sb O 7 7 O ing, and could make all repairs to wagons, plows and other farming imp ments, found that with his rapidly increasing business came competitii After the war the town supported four blacksmith shops; the proprietors w John Burns, Obadiah B. Conover, Jacob Kuhn and James Davis. Charles Tull started a ferry on the Miami, at the head of Ludlow stre| in December, 1814. Farmers would come on horseback and in wagons to ij north side of the river, hitch there and feed, and bring their truck over on 1 boat, to trade at the stores. William Cogswell, silversmith and jewel opened a shop on the west side of Main street, south of First. During the winter the community had a new experience in the appoarai. of one and two dollar bills, of the Dayton Manufacturing Company, fraudulent raised to twenties, and oue hundred dollar bills. SHOWS. Towns in Southern Ohio had now become large enough to make it. tern ing for shows, theaters and other traveling companies to come this way wjj their entertainments. The first “show” of which there is record, was quite an extensive disp ; of “wax works and figures,” that were exhibited here February 13, 1815. Monday night, February 27, there was a grand illumination of the to i in celebration of the declaraion of peace between the United States and Gr Britain. The country people came in crowds to participate in the general joicing. The following tempting programme was announced for the first theater THEATER. At the dwelling of William Huffman, St. Clair street. The lovers of drama are respectfully informed that on this evening, April 22, 1816, will CITY OF DAYTON. 573 rented the much admired, elegant comedy called “Matrimony; or the Pris- , r !fs.’’ Between the play and farce, will be given, Recitation — “ Scolding Wife Claimed; Recitation — “ Monsier Tonson. ” Fancy Dance. Comic song — jo- of nails.” To which will be added the celebrated comic farce, called •}he Village Lawyer.” Tickets 50 cents; doors open at 7 o’clock; curtain to i at 7:30, precisely. Gentlemen are requested not to smoke cigars in the biter. In April, 1819, an African lion was on exhibition, in an iron cage, for four 1 £ J beginning April 22, in the barnyard at Reid’s Inn. Admission 25 cents; I dren half price. In April. 1820, 11th to 14th inclusive, an elephant was shown in the log >; i in the rear of Reid’s Inn. Admission 374 cents. A grand exhibition of living animals was announced at Germantown, i tember 19 and 20, 1823; Dayton 22, and 23; thence to Xenia and Waynes- i j. The show included an African lion, African leopard, a cougar from h'zil, ichneumon, Shetland pony and rider, and several other animals. Good n ic was promised on the ancient Jewish cymbol and other instruments. The bv to be from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. Admission 25 cents; children half price. The first circus exhibited in the barn yard at Reid’s Inn, three evenings. ■ tv 19, 20 and 21, 1825. Flying equestrians, running and vaulting; female •pstrian in two-horse acts; clown; horsemanship, trained trick horse, bare- ge and fancy riding, ground and lofty tumbling. Admission 25 cents; chil- li'll half price. A paper balloon was sent up in Dayton, Saturday evening, June 7, 1828. t assed east, and a few miles from town an old lady who saw it going over alarm predicted war, or death in the family. The baloon finally descended u field where a woman was milking; she dropped her bucket and ran to the cse to tell her husband, but the “ old man” did not think it safe to venture .ntill morning, when he mounted a horse and rode around outside the fence 1:1 great caution. To provide for a safe retreat, he left the bars down be- i 1 him, then finally made bold to capture the balloon, and escaped without miry. The first week of July, 1829, there were two rival circus companies here, -hi showed afternoon and evening, July 5 and 6; and the other exhibited five v lings that week. A special meeting of Council was called May 31, 1S30, to grant free :.ase to an Englishman, who was here to exhibit a “ locomotive engine and away.” The following resolution was adopted: Resolved, That the proprietor of the locomotive engine and railway, now exhibiting in •> place, he permitted to exhibit the same withont. taking license therefor.” The track was put up in the Methodist Meeting-House, and for a fee, per- u could ride around the room. In March, 1815, Mrs. Dionecia Sullivan opened a school for girls, on the ut side of Main street, just south of Third street. She taught them reading, 3ing, sewing, lettering with the needle, and painting. Her husband, William a.ivan, had his tailor shop in the same building. The Dayton Female Charitable and Bible Society was organized at the *cse of Mrs. Henry Brown, April 12, by the election of Mrs. Robert Patterson President; Mrs. Thomas Cottom, Yice President; Mrs. James Welsh, Corre- riding Secretary; Mrs. Joseph H. Crane, Recording Secretary; Mrs. Henrietta Vce, Treasurer; Managers, Mrs. William King, Mrs. David Reid, Mrs. James Ima, Mrs. James Steele and Mrs Isaac Spinning. This was the first organ - ion of the kind in Dayton, and these ladies, with others, during the rest of 1 r lives, were engaged in this and similar good work. June 25, the Rev. 574 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Joshua L. Wilson, preached a charity sermon in the Methodist Meeting-Hoi for the benefit of this Charitable Association. It was the custom of the 111 isters of the town to make similar efforts in behalf of the society each year terward. In June, Ann Yaman established a milliner shop on Main street, south Second. She advertised for a supply of goose feathers, announcing, also, t military gentlemen would hnd at her shop, a full stock of plumes and otl decorations. It was estimated that, in the summer of 1815, there were about one hi dred dwellings in Dayton. There were more log cabins than any other kinc buildings. The lumber business was called “trade in planks.” Sets of house logs and clapboards were gotten out in winter, sledded town and sold in the spring. CABINTOWN. That part of the town south of Third street was called “ Cabintown,” ti- the fact that there were scarcely any other than log- cabin improvements. 1 ruling spirits of that part of the town, in after years, congregated in the evenii at the cabinet shop of James Elliot, northwest corner of Fourth and Main strei The only two of that party now living are Philip Kiefer and Thomas B. C penter. The western border of “ Cabintown,” in the low ground west Perry street, was called “ Specksburg,” for Barnhart Speck, a baker, v lived in the bottom near the river, now West Third street. “ Speckebur was soon lost in the extension of its more powerful neighbors, “ Cabinlow and Dayton “ Rattlesnake” was the name of a little prairie at the corner Wilkinson and Water streets. The “Commons,” until 1820, was the prat lying east of St. Clair street and north of Third street, nearly to First. “ Bucklot” was first known as “ buck pasture,” and was so called becau at an early day, it had been one of the favorite grounds for hunting de tempted there by the many springs of cool, clear water. It included the t ritory between the two canals, north of Third street, to the “mill-pond” a race. THE M AR KET-HOUSE. A frame market-house was erected on Second street, extending 100 f west from Jefferson street. On the inside of the building, on both sides, wi the butcher stalls, and outside, under the eaves (which projected some distant were the stands for farmers and gardeners. From the building west, nea to Main street, were two long horse-racks, or rails. This first market-hot was opened for use without ceremony, July 4, 1815. Market hours were fri 4 to 10 A. M., Wednesdays and Saturdays of each week. That part of S ond street was, for the next forty years, known as Market street, and is yet called by many of our older citizens. The ordinance to regulate the mar took effect April 1, 1816. It forbid the sale of batter, cheese, eggs, poult fresh meat, and vegetables of all kinds, within the corporation bounds, on a other than market days, except that fresh meat and fish might be sold befort A. M. any day. Beef, by the quarter, or fifty pounds of pork, could be sc at any time. “ Cabintown ” and Dayton had a struggle for many years change of location of the market-house, which resulted in triumph for “ Of intown,” by the selection of the center of Main street, south of Third, as I site for a new market-house. The controversy did not end, however, un July 27, 1829; it was determined to locate the building in the alley runni from Jefferson street to Main, between Thii’d and Fourth streets. The cost of the property to widen the market space, from Jefferson Main street, was $1,190.20. Only the west half of the house was then bui the space east, to Jefferson street, was for market wagons. April 24, 1& CITY OF DAYTON. 575 the Id market-house, on Second street, was declared vacated, and was shortly t toward torn down. William Clark was appointed Clerk and Marshal of the market at a sal- ijf $75 per annum. In 1836, the building was extended to Jefferson street. e summer of 1845, a second story was built on the west half of the mar- t ouse and arranged for City Hall, Library and Council Chamber. The present city buildings were contracted for March 21, 1876, to cost l7l. WAGON RATES. Competing lines, in 1815, established the following wagon rates: jfrip to Cincinnati, 75 cents; Cincinnati to Dayton, $1; Urbana to Day- v>r vice versa, $1; Dayton to Piqua, or Piqua to Dayton, 75 cents; four- }j r: team, per day, $4; two-horse team, per day, $2.50; stone, per perch, tCooper’s or Wade’s quarries, $1.25; four-horse load of wood from outlot, (its; two-horse load of wood from outlot, 37-g- cents; four-horse load of 4, 50 cents; two-horse load of gravel, 25 cents. RIVAL SOCIETIES. Two societies, somewhat different in character, were organized here at oi the same time, July, 1815. The Dayton Bachelors’ Society, with George 1'Uston, as President, and Joseph John, Secretary, was organized by the vial bachelors and gentlemen of the town; possibly, without real opposi- tion:;) an association of religious people, known as the Moral Society. Calls O' leetings of the Society of Associated Bachelors were usually made qh the Ohio Republican; but officer’s names were withheld. The calls r< made for the “usual places of meeting,” — “Strain’s bar-room.” The £ drawback to the society was, that their members would desert, or rather de ineligible by getting married, and it was generally necessary to elect v fficers at each quarterly meeting of the association. he Moral Society met at the Methodist Meeting House, Satin-day evening, >!2. James Hannah, President; George S. Houston, Secretary; William Henry Robinson, Matthew Patton, John Patterson and Aaron Baker, Man- i The object of the society was “ the suppression of vice and immorality, ■dll-breaking, swearing, and other immoral practices, and to assist magis- * iu the faithful discharge of their duties.” George S. Houston, it will be aiwas President of the “Bachelor’s Association,” and Secretary of the Pal Society. ” September 24, he was married to the “ amiable Miss Mary "pan,” and there was great rejoicing in the Moral Society. Shortly after - withe Secretary, Joseph John, married Miss Jane Waugh, only daughter of l|m Waugh, of Washington Township, and the Republican took great pJ cas- cading attention to the fact that both the President and Secretary of uchelor’s Association were married men. Their places were immediately by the election of John Steele, President, and Alexander Grimes, Sec- ret ai MAD RIVER BRIDGE. tad River was such a slashing, wild stream, and so rapid, that a ferry could 'll be managed, and ordinarily in the spring the river was so dangerous < ] that merchants of the town found it desirable that a bridge should be To this end a meeting was held at Grimes’ Tavern, Saturday, January 16, “ to devise a plan to build a bridge across Mad River at the Staunton Roaford.” intei he following committee was appointed to raise subscriptions, and super- structure ; D. G. Cooper, Aaron Baker, Samuel Dille, David Lock, John i 576 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. D. Campbell, David Griffin and William M. Smith. This plan was abandc and the bridge built the next year by the county. March 21, 1817, the contract was sold to William Farmun at $1,400. was a high bridge, built crowning in the old fashioned way, with a single t of 160 feet, so that the roadway over the middle of the river was several higher above the water than at the abutments. It was located at w Taylor street now is, just south of Water street; was not a covered bri and was painted red. Although not completed, it was opened to travel in fall, and in December, was finished at an expense of $150. In 1824, being safe, a new floor was laid and additional braces put up. In May, 1828 bridge fell into the river and was rebuilt that summer by John Hale. BRIDGE STREET BRIDGE. A stock company had been formed, and in April, 1818, they began the struction of the old red toll bridge across the Miami River at Bridge at: Nathan S. Hunt, of Hamilton, Ohio, was contractor. A soldier on duty at the United States recruiting office here, fell frc boat that was used in building the pier, and was drowned. December 22, an Indian was drowned in attempting to cross on tin just below the bridge. The next month the bridge was opened to the pul the toll house stood at the upper side, west end of the bridge. BREWERIES. In 1816, Robert Graham who kept the old tavern at the corner of Jf and Water streets, also had a small brewery there in operation. About 1820, Henry Brown built a brick brewery on Lot 105, south sic Second street, west of Jefferson street ; James L. Morris bought it in 0c( 1822, and in 1823 Michael Ott was proprietor. It was then known as the j ton Brewery. In August, 1828, George C. Davis built a new brick brewery on Jeffi street between First and Water streets. T. Hawley &Co. made the first l;j ing there October 15 of the same year. They manufactured beer, porter J ale, and had a fine trade. The following is an advertisement of the Dayton brewery, Octobe 1830. Beer, similar to that brewed at Germantown, and equally as good, is brewed by a brewer from the Germantown brewery, at the Old Breweij Market street, formerly occupied by Mr. George Harris, where it is sold at I per barrel. TOWN ELECTION 1816. At the corporation election, March 2, 1816, the following officers elected : D. C. Cooper, President of the Select Council; Recorder, Jc Peirce; Trustees, Aaron Baker, H. G. Phillips, Ralph Wilson, O. B. Oon George Grove. FREIGHTING UP THE RIVER. Lines of keel-boats were again established up the Miami in 1816, care grain and produce that was transferred at Loramie to boats that were 1 down the Maumee. A large warehouse for storage was built at the Ma Rapids, as a point for transfer of freight from river boats to lake vessels. MEDICAL SOCIETY. The Dayton Medical Society was organized July 13, 1816. They wc meet three times each year. CITY OF DAYTON. 577 RATES OF POSTAGE. Any distance not exceeding 30 miles, 6 cents ; over 30 miles and not ex- e.ng 80 miles, 10 cents ; over 80, and not over 150, 12J cents ; over 150, Kbot over 400, 18| ; over 400 miles, 25 cents. Each paper carried not over 'miles, 1 cent ; over 100 miles, 14 cents. SABBATH SCHOOLS. In March, 1817, an effort was made that soon resulted in the establishment Sunday school by the Presbyterians at their meeting house. In July of the next year, they organized the Dayton Sabbath School Asso- i in ; and the Methodists organized the Methodist Sunday School Society, j r first meetings were held in August. Children and adults were taught alphabet and to read. The Presbyterian school was held in their own meet- t louse ; the Methodist school was held in the Academy building on St. Clair strjt. In 1817, there were but two pleasure carriages in Dayton. One was owned '. (J. Cooper, and the other by H. G. Phillips. Simeon Stansifer started a tobacco factory in July of that year, near the ).• office. Blackali Stephens opened the old Newcom tavern as the Sun Inn, in De- u er ; he had a large picture of the Sun on the sign. CAMP MEETING. The Methodists in the neighborhoods throughout the valley usually gath- e in the groves for worship whenever the services of a minister could be ob i d. Friday, June 26, 1818, the first camp meeting was organized at the tti prairie, three-fourths of a mile south of Dayton — now the foot of Ludlow r obstructed by fallen timber. JOHN M’AFEE. The trial of John McAfee for the brutal murder of his wife lasted two days, firth 2 and 3, 1825. He was found guilty and sentenced by Judge Joseph £ Irane to be hanged March 28. Monday morning, March 28, 1825, crowds 9 ;,n to come in from the country. Capt. Conrad Wolf’s Rifle Company, and a;. Timothy Squires, Dayton Troop of Horse were ordered out as guards. ..._t0 o’clock in the morning, McAfee was taken from the jail and seated in a aage, attended by the Rev. Father Hill, a Catholic priest who had been up ve before from Cincinnati to visit the prisoner. Guarded by the militia, aorisoner was taken to the gallows in the woods on the west of Dayton, near it Miami River. He made a confession of his crime, and was hanged at 3 c ck P. M. 1825 to 1829. January 11, 1825, Thomas Morrison erected hay scales on Fourth street, r east of Ludlow, and charged 371 cents a ton for weighing hay, and 25 ;k a half ton, one-half to be paid by the purchaser and one-half by the sel- r but to save trouble for himself, Mr. Morrison required the seller to pay lei'ull amount and collect the half from his customer. April 6, the mail from Columbus arrived in a carriage. Two days later a ea was started to Cincinnati with the mail; before that it had always been tied by post rider on all the routes. George S. Houston was the first real estate agent in Dayton; as such he a rtised himself in November, 1825. In June, 1826, James Perrine was appointed agent here for the Protection i Insiu’ance Company, of Hartford, Conn. This was the first opportunity led Dayton or Montgomery County people to insure their property by local g!t. The canal was to be cut through the little prairie at the foot of Ludlow -apt; the Methodists, therefore, changed their camp meeting grounds to the rie north of Mad River, near the big spring. With the Rev. John Collins 3 iader, they assembled there Friday, June 1, 1827. The meeting was con- E3d until Monday, the 4th. McElwee & Clegg made the first heat at their Dayton Iron Foundry, near a load of the basin, December 2, 1828. DAYTON AND THE CANAL. The town began to improve and increase in population soon after the canal '■'had passed the Legislature. In the spring of 1825, all houses and cabins e occupied, and new ones were erected. Brick and frame houses began to par in the county in place of the cabins; new farms were opened and im- v ements made. Saturday, July 9, Gov. De Witt Clinton and staff, of New A r ork, Gov. OYniah Morrow, Hon. Ethan A. Brown, Hon. Joseph Vance, Judge Tappan, J; ’■ Williams. Judge Bates and Judge Parish were met at Fairfield by Capt. ijothy Squier with the Dayton Troop of Horse and many citizens of the 101 "• and were escorted to Dayton on their way to Middletown to break ground for, he Miami Canal. The column arrived at Dayton at 2:30 in the afternoon, 580 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. and halted at Compton’s Tavern, where an address of welcome was deliver by Judge Crane, with response from Gov. Clinton. At 4 P. M., guests and ,citizens dined at Reid’s Inn. Judge Crane pi sided; Judge Steele and Col. Robert Patterson were Vice Presidents; a numl of patriotic and complimentary toasts were responded to by the distinguish guests and citizens. By actual count in August there were .1,100 white and thirty-four color people living in Dayton. The canal was located at the commons, between the Academy and the sa mill race, in May, 1827; it terminated in a basin seventy feet wide, at Fii street. Excavation on the canal near town was commenced in June. In Decei ber, there were 210 dwellings in Dayton — the court house, jail, county off building, Presbyterian and Methodist meeting-houses, the academy and fi other schools, three with male and three with female teachers, the library; t' bridges, two apothecary shops, thirteen dry good stores and seventeen grocerit four taverns — Grime’s, Reid’s, Compton’s and Strain’s; two printing offices the Dayton Journal , in the second story of the County Office Building, Jo' W. Van Cleve and Jeptha Regans, proprietors; and the Miami Herald, on t east side of Main street, a few doors south of Third, R. J. Skinner, proprieu one wholesale store, three wagon-maker shops, one carriage shop, four blac smith shops, two sickle factories, one tin shop, one coppersmith, three hi ters , seven shoemakers, seven tailors, three tan-yards, three saddlers, thr watchmakers, one brewery, one tallow chandler, two tobacconists, one flour-m with three run of stone, one saw-mill with two saws, one fulling mill, and o: cotton factory. January 7, 1828, the Stillwater, Miami and Mad Rivers were higher tb at any time since 1814. The State dam that had been built the fall befoi was very much injured. The canal bridge at the east end of Main Cross stn was washed away, and the Jefferson street canal bridge was injured. All the mill race bridges were swept away. Broadw ell’s old red warehouse, on t Miami River bank, at the head of Wilkinson street, was carried off, and mu damage was done to fencing and other property above and below town. The population of the town May 1, 1828, was 1,693 whites, and seven!' four blacks; 429 voters. The Alpha, a canal boat for freight and passengers, was built by Solom Eversole, for McMaken & Hilton, and launched at the canal, near Fifth strei Saturday, August 16, 1828. A temporary dam was put across the canal, at tj bluffs, and water was let in from the saw-mill tail-race, near Fifth street, a: trial trips were made down to the dam, and back. The Dayton Guards, a ui formed company of boys, organized on the 4th of July previous, had the fii trip on her. Timothy Squier opened the National Hotel, on the north side of Ms Cross street, east of Jefferson, in the summer. During the year, there we thirty-six brick, and thirty-four frame buildings erected in town. At the tii the canal to Cincinnati was completed, January 1, 1829, there were 125 brii six stone, and 239 frame buildings in Dayton; 235 dwellings. A saw -mill h been built, and a shingle and lath factory, corn-mill, iron foundry and coo er shop. At that time there were seven doctors and thirteen lawyers, and ma new mechanics in every branch, and new stores of all kinds. A week before Christmas, a party of ladies and gentlemen of town, wt to Miamisburg on the Alpha, Capt. T. Jones, Mastei. The formal opening the canal was expected to be celebrated by the arrival at Dayton, January 1 1829, of several boats from Cincinnati; but the canal was frozen over and t affair was delayed. CITY OF DAYTON. 581 Sunday morning, January 25, artillery at tire landing announced tlie ap- ujacli of the packet Governor Brown, and as she rounded to at the dock, the dizens of the town greeted her with hearty cheers. In the afternoon the rer arrived, at dark the General Marion, and during the night the General ?]e. The boats, Gov. Brown, Capt. J. D. Archibald, Master; Forrer, Capt. upbell, Master; Gen. Marion, Capt. Clynier, Master; Gen. Pike, Capt. Swain, liter, were to leave for Cincinnati, accompanied by the Alpha, with a Day- to party, but a break in the canal near Alexandersville prevented their de- )!.;ure. Regular lines of packets were soon in active competition; twenty hours was 1st packet trip to Cincinnati. Merchandise was brought from New York to :ton by water, in twenty days’ time, at $17.25 freight per ton. The route ?i by the Erie Canal to Buffalo, across the lake to Cleveland, by the Ohio dal to the Ohio River, down the river to Cincinnati, and up the Miami Canal ijlayton; the entire distance was 1,152 miles. April 16, 1829, the steam canal boat, Enterprise, arrived at Dayton from idnnati. 582 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAPTER IV. Charter Amended— Licenses— Town Boundaries, 1829— The Five Waea Elections 1820 to 1841 Inclusive — Canal and Other Statistics — Ch< era— Seely’s Basin— Peasley’s Garden— New Bridges— Cooper Hydrai to — C hange of Mad River— Canal Extension— Dayton Hydraulic €( pany — Harrison Convention — Clay Convention — City Charter— M. kets— Scraps of History— Elections 1841 to 1853, Inclusive— Statisti TOWN ELECTIONS. I ^ECORD of elections, proceedings of Council and reports of expenditure V from 1805 to 1829, have been misplaced or lost; at least they cannot n be found at the City Clerk’s office. What information we have, therefore, gathered from other sources. With the exception of the year 1822, we givi complete list of the officers of the town from 1820 to 1841, inclusive: March 4, 1820, H. G. Phillips was elected President of the Select Coi oil; George S. Houston, Recorder; Trustees, Aaron Baker, Luther Bruen, I vid Henderson, William Huffman, John Steele. 1821. — Election March 3. Matthew Patton, President; George S. Hoi ton, Recorder; Trustees, Henry Brown, Luther Bruen, Aaron Baker, Bal Wilson, John Dodson. At that election there were 280 votes cast. 1822. — E. Stebbins was Marshal. 1823. — Election March 1. John Compton, President; Joseph H. Conov Recorder; Trustees, Luther Bruen, O. B. Conover, E. Brabham, George Han N. Wilson. 1824. — Election March 6. John Compton, President; John W. VauCle Recorder; Trustees, Elisha Brabham, John Burns, Job Haines, William Patti son, David Stout. 1825. — Election April 5. Simeon Broadwell, President; Warren Mung Recorder; Trustees, Dr. John Steele, Matthew Patton, Nathaniel Wilson, W iam Roth, John Lehman. The receipts and disbursements for the year ending March 6 were as f lows: Receipts, $487.65. Disbursements — Paid for fire engine, $226; afiggpa salary, 1824, $25; sign for engine house, $8; sundries, $73,02^; cash in ireasi [ $155,621. Total, $487.65 1826. — Election March 4. Elisha Brabham, President; Robert J. Sk: ner, Recorder; Trustees, Dr. John Steele, Matthew Patton, William Roth, i exander Grimes, Peter Baer. 1827. — Election March 3. Dr. Jolio Steele, President; Robert J. Sk ner, Recorder; Trustees, O. B. Conover, William Huffman, D. Stout, T. M rison, N. Wilson. 1828. — Election March 1. Dr. John Steele, President; John W 1 Cleve, Recorder; Trustees, N. Wilson, O. B. Conover, T. Morrison, B. Sto W. Huffman. The charter of the town was amended by the Legislature in the win of 1828-29. By the amendment, no one was entitled to vote at the to elections except “ free white male freeholders, or householders, over twen CITY OF DAYTON. 583 03 years of age, who have resided within the corporation one year next pre- ciing the election.” By the act, power was given the Town Council to license _icers, retail and wholesale liquor dealers, beer, ale and porter houses; to i ense and regulate all houses of public entertainment other than taverns, h power to regulate and suspend all such licensed places.” The following is the result of the first election held under this amended c trter, at the court house, Saturday, March 6, 1829 : Mayor, John Folkerth; Recorder, David Winters; Trustees, Nathaniel Ison, James Slaght, -John Rench, Luther Bruen, William Atkins. The boundaries of the town at that time were as folkws: “On the west ij north, the Miami River; on the south, the section line running from the imi, near the south end of Patterson’s pond, eastwardly to a stone in the v)ds, near Wayne street; on the east, the half-section line which ci’ossed 7 rd street, at the forks of the Springfield and Xenia roads; on the north, m section line running from a point near the aqueduct, westwardly across i canal and Mad River, to a point on the west bank of the Miami, opposite 1 lower end of the first island up from Mad River, near the stump of a hol- o sycamore, about ten feet in diameter.” November 24, an ordinance was passed dividing the town into five wards. The First Ward was bounded on the north by the Miami and Mad River, che east by the corporation line, on the south by Second street, and on the v. t by Jefferson street. Second Ward, north and west by the river, east by Jefferson street, and oh by Second street. Third Ward, north by Second street, west by the river, east by Jefferson Met, and south by the south line of the Market alley and a line running it west from that to the river. Fourth Ward, west by the river, north by a line running from the river east, to the south line of the Market alley, and by that south line to Jef- bn street; thence north to Third street, and by Third street east to the cor- > cation line; east by the corporation line; south by Fifth street. Fifth Ward, north by Fifth street, east, south and west by the corpora- i< line. Nearly the entire improvements of the town were west of Mill and St. 1 r streets, to the river, and north of South street (now named Sixth street) ) ae river. 1830. — Election March 4. Mayor, John W. Van Cleve; E. W. Davies, border; Trustees, First Ward, Elisha Brabham; Second, Abraham Darst; 'I'd, Robert J. Skinner; Forutk, Nathaniel Wilson; Fifth, Thomas Brown. 1831. — Election March 5. Mayor, John W r . Van Cleve; Edward W. Da- ' Recorder; Trustees, First Ward, Thomas Clegg; Second, Charles R. hene; Third, David Hawthorne; Fourth, Nathaniel Wilson; Fifth, Beniah Irp. 1832. — Election March 3. Mayor, John W. Van Cleve; F. F. Carrell, border; Trustees, First Ward, C. G. Swain; Second, John Compton; Third, a John Steele; Fourth, Nathaniel Wilson; Fifth, Beniah Tharp. 1833. — Election March 2. Mayor, Dr. Job Haines; Rev. David Win- 31 Recorder; Trustees, First Ward, Alexander Grimes; Second, Henry A. fison; Third, Jacob Leeds; Fourth, David Davis; Fifth, Thomas Brown. j834. — Election March 1. Mayor, Henry Stoddard; Rev. D. Winters, -order; Trustees, First Ward, A. Grimes; Second, H. A. Pierson; Third, aes Stover; Fourth, N. WTlson; Fifth, David Pruden. 1835. — Election March 7. Mayor, John Anderson; Rev. D. Winters, Ikjirder; Trustees, First Ward, Samuel Foley; Second, Levi B. Jones; Third, a es Stover; Fourth, John Engle; Fifth, Henry Slaght. 584 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 1886. — Election March 5. Mayor, Daniel W. Wheelock; Rev. D. Wii ters, Recorder; Trustees, First Ward, S. Foley; Second, Dr. Edwin Smitl Third, Richard Green; Fourth, David Stone; Fifth, Henry Slaght. 1837. — Election March 4. Mayor, D. W. Wheelock; John Mills fi corder; Council, First Ward, John Lehman; Second, Dr. E. Smith; Thin R. Green; Fourth, J. Engle; Fifth, Augustus George. 1838. — Election March 3. Mayor, D. W. Wheelock; Joseph Davidsoi Recorder; Council, First Ward, J. Lehman ; Second, Robert C. Schenc! Third, Frederick Boyer; Fourth, J. Engle; Fifth, J. Malambre. 1839 — Election March 2. Mayor, William J. McKinney; J. Davidso Recorder; Council, First Ward, S. Foley; Second, John Mills; Third, Geoq Owen; Fourth, J. Engle; Fifth, J. Malambre. 1840. — Election March 7. Mayor, William J. McKinney; James McDa: iel, Recorder; Council, First Ward, Henry Kimes; Second, Isaac Demnres Third, Henry L. Brown; Fourth, Edward W. Davies: Fifth, J. Malambre. 1841. — Election March 6. Mayor, Morris Seely; A M. Bolton, R corder; Council, First Ward, H. Kimes; Second, John Garner; Third, H. 1 Brown; Fourth, E. W. Davies; Fifth, J. Malambre. These officers served only till the City Charter took effect in May followin: CANAL AND OTHER STATISTICS. In 1825, there were 497 passengers through Dayton by stage ; after tl canal was completed, competition between the stage and packet lines beean very active. In 1831 thers were 6,219 passengers through Dayton by stag; and from Cincinnati to Dayton by packet, from March 3 to November 30, 7,06 the number going from Dayton could not be ascertained. The three first year’s shipments of produce by canal, were as follows ; Flour, 1829, 27,121 barrels; 1830, 56,864 barrels; 1831, 59,550 barrel Whisky, 1829, 7,378 barrels; 1830, 7,142 barrels; 1831, 5,602 barrels. Por 1829. 3,429 barrels ; 1830, 2,497 barrels; 1831, 4,244 barrels. Oil, 1829, 4:. barrels; 1830, 281 barrels; 1831, 344 barrels. During the year 1831, 563,000 pounds of bacon and bulk pork were shippt in addition to the amount packed in barrels. Boats landed along the we bank of the canal from First street to Sixth ; the packet landing was betweej Second and Third streets. In 1828, seventy buildings were erected in Dayton; in 1829, ninety -nin in 1830, eighty-one; in 1831, fifty of brick and sixty-two frames. Id 182 the only improvements east of the canal and south of Fifth street, were the o “Mother Hess’ ’ house on the east side of Brown street at the alley south Sixth ; the Beniah Tharp and George Shartel houses, lower down on Brow street, and some cabins farther east, occupied by colored people. j Mr. Thomas Brown’s brickyards were on Brown street, from Hess she south to New Brown street. In 1833, there were 1,001 buildings in the town. In February 1837, there were twenty-nine mechanics’ shops, capital^ / o,6j nine manufactories, capital, $150,000; twenty-one groceries, capital, $364, 0( twenty-two dry goods stores, capital, $203,000; two confectioneries, jsapitj $1,800; two hardware stores, capital, $20,000; four drug stores, capital, $h 600; two book stores, capital, $12,000; four iron stores, capital, $12,000; fort one miscellaneous establishments, $36,200; total, $888,600. The hard tun checked progress and improvements ; the Town Council graded, graveled a: improved, business was extended, the public square was planted with fort trees ; fifty-six brick and thirty-three frame buildings were erected in 1838. The frame tavern kept by John S. Wolff, on the south side of Second stre CITY OF DAYTON. 585 e t of Ludlow, was in 1829 given the name of the Farmers’ Hotel ; afterward hvas callad the Farmers’ and Mechanics’, and was always well patronized by etatry people, from the fact, that in the rear, was a large feed yard and barn, lie Franklin House, southwest corner Main and Second streets, also had good fid yard and barn. Edmund Browning, moved from Columbus, Ohio, with his family to Day- t<’, and opened the National Hotel on Third street, April 13, 1830, and kept until 1836, at which time he moved to Indianapolis and kept the Washing - ti - Hotel. The name of the National Hotel was changed to that of the Voorhees Rase in January, 1848 ; and about ten years later was called the Phoenix J use, and is now occupied as part of the Beckel House ; it is the brick build- r adjoining the new Beckel building on Third street. The Travelers Inn was the three story brick, south side of First street, niir St. Clair, opened by John Lehman, in April, 1832. The Lafayette House stood in the center of the block, north side of Third sBet, between Jefferson and St. Clair. The Montgomery House, northeast corner of the Canal and Third streets ns built several years after the canal was opened, and did a flourishing trade 5 canal packet times. Swaynie’s Hotel, south side of First street, at the east corner of Race street, np built by Alexander Swaynie in 1838-39, and opened by him in April, 1839. Is house was fitted throughout with carpets of Dayton manufacture, and was a rays a first-class hotel in all of its appointments and keeping. November 5, 1831, 250 Seneca Indians camped at the big spring on the mth side of Mad River, and three days afterward left for Cincinnati to be sit West by the (Jovernment, In February, 1832, there was great destruction of property by a Hood in tl Miami; the bridge at Miamisburg was the only one left in good condition fun its source to the Ohio. The middle pier of the Dayton bridge at Bridge s'set was washed out, the clams were very much injured, and most of the fen- cig in the bottom lands was swept away. The flood in the Ohio River at the s;ae time also did great damage, and especially at Cincinnati, where the hjnes of many poor people were washed away, the citizens of Dayton raised 8)2 by subscription, which amount was sent by John W. Van Cleve, Mayor o Dayton, to the Mayor of Cincinnati, to aid in relieving the sufferers. In the Jackson campaign of 1832, the Locofocos had a great barbecue here, Oithe commons north of Third street between St. Clair street and the canal; a ox was roasted, speeches were made and the crowd fairly took the town. German people began to come to Dayton, in numbers in 1833. THE CHOLERA. Asa matter of precaution, the Town Council, in June, 1832, appointed san- ity committees in each of the wards, with power to compel people to clean Y their property. There were but two fatal cases that year. In the summer o|1833, the dread disease spread throughout the valley, making its appear- a3e in Dayton the first week of June. Within the next three months there were t'rty-three fatal cases. May 18, 1849, there was one fatal case of cholera in Dayton; then the next s 1 fatal cases about the middle of June, were at the Farmers’ and Mechanics’ Ltel on Second street. Business was almost entirely suspended until Septem- bp, and within that time there were about three hundred deaths, many deaths *Fy 4 ay. A Board of Health was appointed, a cholera hospital established f;l every effort made to check the epidemic, and every attention shown by the 586 HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. relief committees, to the sick and dead. Appropriations for supplies were mac by the City Council; the streets and alleys were white from quantities of liu that was scattered in them, liberal contributions were made at th9 churches ar by the citizens generally. Physicians and citizens stood at their posts fait! fully and bravely; two of the physicians, Drs. Silas H. Smith and John Hal were stricken while visiting their patients, and died with the cholera. While there was great dread of the disease, there was no panic; very fe if any of the people left the city. The epidemic raged throughout this ar neighboring counties. seely’s basin. The canal built by Morris Seely in 1832, and first known as Seely’s Basil then Seely’s folly, Seely’s ditch, the old ditch, and now as “ the ditch,” w; an enterprise intended by Mr. Seely to benefit the property through which ran. The water was taken from the canal at the east side of Wayne street, in mediately at the bridge, then running south along the east side of Wayne ( near Lodwick street (Fifth), thence southeasterly across Lodwick to Simpso street, and east along the north side of Simpson, crossing Plum and Pearl stree where a basin was formed extending up to Lodwick street (Fifth). Fro: Simpson street, the race led south between Mad River and Pearl streets, crosi ing Wayne at Richard street and following its preseut course to Warren stree and to the old basin at the Fair Ground Hill. Mr. Seely’s vision was that property along this race, especially whei wharves and docks could be constructed, would be greatly enhanced in value. peasley’s garden. The old “ pleasure garden,” west side of Warren street, at the south sid of Seely's Basin, was established by A. M. Peasley, in 1833, rented in Ma; 1834, by Robert McMurray, and, in 1837, by C. M. Riley and 1. Harrisoi Parties were taken to the garden in boats down the canal to the basin, whei the horse forded the canal, and towed the boat up the basin to the garden. NEW BRIDGES. January 28, 1834, plans were advertised for, for a wooden covered bridg over the Miami River, at North Main street. June 4, 1835, the County Con missioners appropriated $600 toward building the bridge, the balance ws raised by subscription, and in 1836 the bridge was opened for travel. In 187* the old wooden bridge was torn down, and the present iron structure erecte and finished in 1871. In 1833, the Dayton & Western Bridge Company was organized to build bridge over the Miami River at the fording of the Germantown road, beio 1 Fourth street, in Dayton. But the probability that if the National road sboul be located through Dayton, or a pike parallel to it be built, that the Mian River would be bridged at a point above Fourth street, influenced theabandor ment of the project. March 12, 1838, subscription books were opened forstoc in the Dayton Third street Bridge Company. In June, the County Commit sioners subscribed for $1,000 of stock for the county. The company was o.> ganized as follows: Jacob D. Lowe, President; P. Aughinbaugh, Henry la Tuyl, J. Wunderlich, Valentine Winters, Directors; and in the summer c 1839, it was opened as a toll bridge. The iron extension was built by th city in 1866-67. THE COOPER HYDRAULIC. The old saw-mill race, extending ’from the southwest corner of First an Madison streets, to a point near Fifth street, between the two canals, markei CITY OF DAYTON. 587 ilevel from which the ground fell toward the west. In 1838, E. TV. Davies n Alexander Grimes, as agents of Mrs. L. C. Cooper, built the hydraulic, 70 feet long, fifty feet wide, with twelve feet head, between Third and Fifth ;i?ts, west of Wyandot street.. Since the change in the channel of Mad i‘r, this hydraulic has been fed direct from the canal. CHANGE OF MAD EIVEB. A bend in Mad River at the northeast corner of the town, extended south from u tqueduct to first street, and along that street, crossing what is now Keowee i Meigs streets, thence in a northwest direction, crossing Taylor street south ! Pater street, and on across Water street to and uniting with the Miami i r at a point about four hundred feet south of the present mouth of the [, River. A bayou extended from the Miami River up the present channel of Mad : r to the Keowee street bridge, where, at that time, a log bridge crossed ie>ayou, thence sontheast to a big spring near Mad River. Between the rent Keowee street river bridge and the old bridge near the corner of Water k Taylor streets, over a marshy stretch there was a long, low log bridge, n oth sides of Mad River there were a number of large, deep springs of de- y ful water, and the surrounding thickets were fine hunting grounds for il ducks and turkeys. In 1840, Edward W. Davies and Alexander Grimes, as Trustees of the es- of D. Z. Cooper, caused a survey to be made for the new channel of a River, from the aqueduct straight to the Miami River. They began the j! early the next year, and completed it late in the fall of 1842, and during a winter water was turned into the new channel. In 1841, while excavation for the new river bed was in progress, the nty Commissioners built the abutments for the new bridge, and, in August, n acted with Uriah John for a double tracked, wooden covered bridge across a River, at the Troy road ford. The cost of the abutments was 8856.68, )f the bridge $3,588. It was completed in April, 1843. The iron exten- to the bridge was built to widen the channel in 1869. CANAL EXTENSION. After the change in the channel of Mad River, the canal was extended 1 First street up to the junction near the aqueduct. The work was com- d in 1845. DAYTON HYDEAULIC COMPANY. Dctober, 1844, H. G. Phillips, Daniel Beckel, J. D. Phillips and Samuel Igar, under the firm name of Phillips, Beckel & Co., advertised for bids - instruction of the hydraulic from Smithville, three miles up Mad River, 1 yton. In 1845, they were incorporated as the Dayton Hydraulic Company, Ihe work was completed, bringing into the city the water-power now known tp upper hydraulic. HAEEISON CONVENTION. The great Whig Convention at Dayton September 10, 1840, was a gather- ed Whigs from all over Ohio. Wednesday night, September 9, Gen. Will- 1. Harrison and party were entertained by Jonathan Harshman, Sr., at 9 psidence in Mad River Township. At 7 o’clock the next morning the r were met by the military and crowds of people, at the forks of the Troy 'Springfield pikes. The roads were jammed with a mass of people in jus, on horseback and afoot. The military escort, in command of Capt. i am Bomberger, of the Dayton Grays, consisted of the Citizen’s Guards, 0 (jacmnati ; Butler Guards, of Hamilton, Piqua Light Infantry, Dayton 588 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Grays, and Washington Artillery, of Dayton. Gen. Harrison and staff, wi Gov. Metcalf and staff, of Kentucky, rode at the head of the great column delegations. The line of march was west on First street to Main street, sou to Third. At the corner of Third and Main the procession passed in revie’ and continued the march on out to the hill east of Front street, north of Th.ii where the meeting was held. The city was gayly decorated with flags, ai everything arranged for a great gala day. CLAY CONVENTION. The convention of 1842 was even more numerously attended than that 1840. It was estimated that there were 120,000 strangers here. Delegatio: came overland from Virginia, Kentucky and Indiana. Military compani were present from every part of Ohio. September 28, delegations with flac decorations, militia, and artillery began to arrive. Music from the banc church choirs and glee clubs could be heard in all directions. At night mei ings were organized in every part of the town. Private houses were throv open for the entertainment of the people. Henry Clay stayed the night of tl 28th with Thomas Corwin,. at E. Doolittle’s Tavern, in Centerville. All of th night and the nest morning the roads leading to Dayton from all directio: Avere filled with the marching delegations. At 9 o’clock in the morning, Se ator Clay, with Mr. Corwin and a large, mounted escort were met at the jur tion of Warren and Jefferson streets by the great procession of delegation military and civic societies and trade representations. The procession w marched through the principal streets, and halted at the east end of the Mark House where, from a platform, the reception speeches and responses were mad Houses, yards, streets and alleys were crowded with people. The meeting w held at the hill near the west end of Union street. Dinner was provided i the ladies of the county for the immense crowd, on two great tables, each 8( feet long. the city charter. The town receipts from all sources for the year ending March 8, 1841, we $6,094; disbursements, $6,087.09; cash remaining in the treasury, $6.91. The City Charter for Dayton was granted, March 8, 1841, subject to vote of the people. The limits of the city and township were made the sam The number of councilmen were increased to two from each ward. Monda May 3, the election was held; 382 votes were cast in favor of the adoption the new charter; 378 against; so that Dayton became a city by a majori of four’ votes. The first election under the charter was held Saturday, May 2 the polls were opened at 12 M. ; closed at 4 P. M. The First Ward polls were at the Exchange Hotel ; Judges, George A, He field, William Simms; Clerk, James Douglass. Second Ward, at Smith’s fom’-story building, northwest corner Ma and Second streets; Judges, James Perrine, Abram Darst ; Clerk, D. \ Greene. Third Ward, at the court house; Judges, Peter Aughinbaugh, Geop Newcom; Clerk, G. W. Dickson. Fourth Ward, James Elliott’s shop, northwest corner of Main and Four streets; Judges, James Elliott, Nathaniel Wilson; Clerk, John G. Lowe. Fifth Ward, at A. S. Richardson’s, corner of Jefferson and Fifth Ureet Judges, Ziba Crawford, A. S. Richardson; Clerk, John Reeves. At that election there were 902 votes cast; William J. McKinney w elected Mayor; Ephraim Broadwell, Marshal; David Stout, Treasurer; Con oilmen, First Ward, Henry Kimes, Samuel T. Harker; Second Ward, Pei Odlin, Samuel McPherson; Third Ward, Henry L. Brown, David V inter I CITY OF DAYTON. 591 «rth Ward, David Davis, John Engle; Fifth Ward, Madison Munday, Try Strickler. The ward boundaries were changed in 1842, but the number of Wards : not increased until in November, 1848, the Sixth Ward was formed. MARKETS AND CITY HALL. In June, 1841, Hour was selling at $3.50 per barrel ; whisky, 15 cents a - a P n - As a committee of stockholders, in October, 1843; I. Meriam, Alexander vine, Dr. J. A. Walters and William Trebein, received proposals for the con- ration of the new market-house, north of Third street, between Webster ." Sears streets. The building was shortly afterward erected, and in 1848 is bought by the city and controlled as other markets, but was never very e patronized. It remained empty for a number of years, and was finally I down to give place to the present militia armory. In the summer of 1850, the question of building a market-house in the ■r western part of the city began to be agitated, but it was not until the ibf 1865 that anything was accomplished. At that time, the Wayne street acet-house was built by a stock company, on the ditch, at the south side of i; street, and opened in March, 1866. It was afterward enlarged, and is owned by the company, organized as follows: President, George W. i/; Vice President, Isaac Hale; Secretary, Eugene Wuichet; Treasurer, L. u, Sr.; Directors, James Turner, John Lytle, Peter Lentz. SCRAPS OF HISTORY. The first “ minstrel show ” in Dayton, was at the National Hotel the ing of June 14, 1841. The entertainment began at 9 P. M. : admission, ■nts. A Mr. Coleman personated “ Bone Squash,” the delineator of Euro- • character, and also rendered the negro song, “Carolina Boys.” The draymen, in June, 1841, petitioned Council to impose a license, and draymen responsible for goods damaged while in their charge. (Signed) bander Getzendanner, James Hall, William Allen, S. L. Broadwell, Will '‘McKee, Thomas Eater. The passenger route East, during the spring and summer of 1841, was by hi to Hebron, in Licking County, thence by canal-packet to Cleveland, e aev to Buffalo, then by the Erie Canal and Hudson River to New York (it; Eleven hours was the time required to make the trip to Cincinnati by h i, but in the spring of 1842 competition with the packet-lines reduced nime to seven hours. In 1846, the stages left for Cincinnati at daylight, would make the trip via Centreville and Lebanon; another stage left at 2 -, arriving at Cincinnati after midnight. Packets left daily, north and A daily omnibus line was established in September, 1847, and made the i}::ia Miamisburg, Franklin, Monroe, Sharon and Reading to Cincinnati in •i hours; fare, $2, which, by reason of competition, was reduced to $1. A number of Dayton ladies, in 1843, began the effort to establish an Or- II Asylum. On the 4th of July of that year, they held a picnic for the : tit of the project. The asylum was located on the hill, north of Union oit, between Main and Warren streets. The institution was changed to the >w’s Home after the County Orphan Asylum was established. The old Bridge street bridge, that had been barely passable for three ■ 9E j', was swept away by the high water in December, 1.852. The flood did other damage along the Miami, Stillwater and Mad Rivers. I 592 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. The present wooden bridge at Bridge street was built in 1856; the ir extension was built in 1870. The flood of 1866 demonstrated the fact tl the water-way through the city should be widened; therefore, the bridges Keowee, Bridge and Third streets were lengthened. ELECTIONS 1841 TO 1853. At the city election held December 31, 1841. the following officers wi elected : Mayor, William J. McKinney; Marshal, E. Broadwell; Treasur David Stout; Councilmen, First Ward, David A. Wareham, J. G. Stutsm; Second Ward, Peter Odlin, William F. Comly; Third Ward, Henry L.Brov Richard Green; Fourth Ward, D. Kiefer, James H. Mitchell; Fifth Wa Madison Munday, Henry Strickler. Peter Odlin was elected President of Cot oil, and A. M. Bolton, Clerk. Election December 31, 1842. Councilmen, First Ward, George 0. Dav Second Ward, Peter Odlin; Third Ward, William Huffman; Fourth Wai Henry Kissinger; 'Fifth Ward, John Painter; Peter Odlin was re-elected Pr ident, and A. M. Bolton, Clerk. Election December 29, 1843. Mayor, William J. McKinney; E. Bro; well, Marshal; D. Stout, Treasurer; Councilmen, First Ward, J. G. Stutsma Second Ward, William F. Comly; Third Ward, Henry L. Brown; Foil Ward, David Davis; Fifth Ward, Henry Strickler; Peter Odlin was re-elen •President, and A. M. Bolton, Clerk. Election December 27. 1844. Councilmen, First Ward, G. C. Davis; S ond Ward, Peter Odlin; Third Ward, Hiram Wyatt; Fourth Ward, Hei Kissinger; Fifth Ward, Richard Chambers; Peter Odlin was re-elected Pn dent, and A. M. Bolton. Clerk. Election December 24, 1845. Mayor, William J. McKinney; Marshal, Broadwell; Treasurer, D. Stout; Councilmen, First Ward, J. G. Stutsm Second Ward, William F. Comly; Third Ward, Adam Spiece; Fourth Wa Jacob Malambre; Fifth Ward, Samuel Marshall; Peter Odlin was re-elec! President, A. M. Bolton, Clerk. Peter Odlin resigned November 13, 18' and John Howard was elected to till the vacancy. Election December 25, 1846. Councilmen, First Ward, J. H. Acli Second Ward, John Howard ; Third Ward, S. M. Sullivan; Fourth Wa Plenry Kissinger; Fifth Ward, D. S. Raymond; John Howard was cho; President of Council, and A. M. Bolton. Clerk. Election December 31, 1847. Mayor, George W T . Bomberger; Treasui David Stout; Councilmen, First Ward, J. G. Stutsman Second Ward, Willi F. Comly; Third Ward, B. Gilbert; Fourth Ward, Jonathan Kenney; Fi Ward, A. E. McClure; John Howard, President, A. M. Bolton, Clerk. Mayor Bomberger died June 21, 1848, and the City Council appoin John Howard, Mayor, and E. Fowler to till the vacancy caused by the appoi ment of Howard; J. G. Stutsman was elected President of Council. Election December 29. 1848. Councilmen, First Ward, Adam Pritz; 8 ond Ward, Henry Herrman; Third Ward, R. A. Kerfoot; Fourth Ward, Ja< Richmond; Fifth Ward, Wesley Boren; Sixth Ward, W. N. Love, one ye William John, two years; William F. Comly, President; William C. Barth Clerk. May 25, 1849, D. S. Raymond was elected to till the vacancy in Coi cil caused by the resignation of William John of the Sixth Ward. July 14, Henry L. Brown, vice B. Gilbert of the Third Ward. July 20, M. Rakestraw, vice A. E. McClure of the Fifth Ward. Election December 28, 1849. Mayor, John Howard; Treasurer, D. Sto Councilmen, First Ward, Samuel Taylor; Second Ward, William F. Coir Third Ward, Mark Reed; Fourth Ward, Jonathan Kenney; Fifth Ward, F. CHT OF DAYTON. 593 Bair; Sixth Ward, W. N. Love; William F. Comly, President, William C. 1 i left, Clerk. June, 1850, Henry Beickler was elected to represent the Fifth Ward, vice . Baker resigned. August 9. Andrew Gump was elected to till the vacancy caused by the res- niion of R. A. Kerfoot of the Third Ward. Election December 27, 1850. Counciimen. First Ward, A. Decker; Second fjl, J. B. Chapman; Third Ward, Jonathan Harshman; Fourth Ward, Yleiusaleh Worman; Fifth Ward, Wesley Boren; Sixth Ward, A. E. Mc- William F. Comly, President; William C. Bartlett. Clerk. Election December 26. 1851. Mayor, John Howard; Treasurer. D. Stout; oilmen, First Ward, Louis Heintz; Second Ward, Joseph T. Reed; Third 1. John H. Achey; Fourth Ward, Jonathan Ivenney; Fifth Ward, James tier; Sixth Ward, W. X. Love; Jonathan Kenney, President; George W. ombre, Clerk. he ordinance to change city elections from December to April, was passed i . nber 3, 1852, and officers whose terms expired in December, held over T the first Monday in April, 1853. Election April 4, 1853. Mayor, John Howard; Treasurer, D. Stout; City ;itor, F. Collins ; Counciimen, First Ward, B. M. Ayres ; Second Ward, b B. Chapman; Third Ward. Nicholas Ohmer; Fourth Ward, Jacob Rich- in >i[: Fifth Ward, Samuel Marshall ; Sixth Ward, A. E. McClure; President, nhan Kenney; George W. Malambre, Clerk. Officers of the city of Dayton, from 1854 to 1882, inclusive: Mayors. — 1854-55, George M. Young; 1856-59, D. W. Iddings: 1860- i. H. Gillespi; 1864-65; E. C. Ellis; 1S66-67, Jonathan Kenney; 1868 L. Baumann; 1870-71, James D. Morrison; 1872-73, W. H. Sigman; '7-75, Lawrence Butz, Jr.; 1876-77, William H. Rouzer; 1878-79, Law- i' Butz, Jr.; 1880-81, Frank M. Hosier: 1882, John Miller. Vlerks. — 1854, G. W. Malambre; 1855, David A. Houk; 1856-59, Fielding 1 iv (resigned, and A. A. Butterfield elected June 14, 1859); 1860-63, An- Stephens: 1864-67, J. U. Kreidler; 1868, J. A. Leonhard; 1869, An- »' Stephens: 1870, D. H. Drvden; 1871, Anthony Stephens; 1872-74, A. itterfield; 1875, Nicholas Metz; ‘ 1876-77, A. H. Whyte; 1878, Nicholas ■i 1879—82, George M. Lane. treasurers. — 1854-55, David Stout; 1856, A. Y. Stansifer; 1857—58, Field gLoury; 1859-60, C. C. Kiefer; 1861, James Anderton; 1862, D. W. 4; since which time the County Treasurer has also acted as treasurer of ! 1 e ty. Marshals. — 1854, William Stover; 1855, S. L. Broadwell; 1856-58, Sam- - ichards; 1S59-61, William Hannan; 1862-63, S. B. Cain: 1864-67, Isaac 1 1868-72, John Ryan. The office was then abolished, the duties devolv- - pon the Chief of Police STATISTICS. b 1841, there were at and near Dayton, five cotton factories, two carpet t ies, two carding machines, one hat factory, five flour mills, three chop- ijjnills, five saw-mills, one gun barrel factory, two oil mills, two paper mills, past and peg factory, two turning lathes, four foundries and machine ’!• four soap and candle factories, one clock factory, four distilleries, two 'fries, thirty carpenter shops, ten boot and shoe makers, six harness shops, 1 inneries, eighteen tailor shops, nine blacksmiths, five carriage and wagon '!, four cooper shops, five tinners and coppersmiths, three hatters, four ‘ ^ a ; factories, two rope walks, six bakeries, eight cabinet shops, four gun- ' mi j s , one glove factory, two locksmiths, twelve plasterers, one sash and blind I 594 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY- factory, six jewelry shops, one cap factory, four stone yards, twenty-i painters, two mill-stone shops, four stove stores, three stone quarries, f< brick yards, live drug stores, one hardware store, three iron stores, three b< stores, twenty-two dry goods stores, thirty-one groceries, four lumber yai one insurance company, two newspapers, and one bank; 969 mechanics c ployed; value of manufactures, $624,575. In 1848, there were nine miles of graded streets in the city, but only ab four and a half miles finished from curb to curb. The debt of the city wa little more than $12,000. In 1845, there wei’e in the city 880 brick buildings, 1,086 frames, and stone houses; total, 1,972; fourteen taverns, two boat yards, fifteen frei canal boats, owned here, and six packets, three bridges over the Miami, « •over Mad River, ten wooden canal bridges, and one stone bridge, three ne papers — Journal, Empire , Transcript; one railroad, four miles long, for hat ing stone from the quarry in Van Buren Township to the canal; three coal yai five livery stables, five pork houses, fifteen churches — two Presbyterian, i Lutheran, two Methodist, one each Episcopal, Bunker, Christian, (Tern Reformed, Catholic, Disciples, African Baptist, Allbright Baptist. The tj versalists held services in the court house, and there were other church soeiet but they had no church buildings. There were two public schoolhouses, ;!! three other public schools held in rented buildings, one of them German, j female seminary, one academy, and a number of private schools. The old court house and jail buildings were sold for $864, at auction, •October of that year; the buildings were torn down the next spring. CITY OF DAYTON. 595 CHAPTER V. .■age Plats and Other Localities— Mexican War— Flood of 1847 — The City in 1850— Minor Events— Census— Banks. VILLAGE PLATS AND OTHER LOCALITIES. MERSON was platted by r Joseph Peirce, as agent for Samuel W. Davis and Thomas D. Carneal, June 15. 1819, sixty-four lots north of the Miami River, ^opposite the Dayton bridge (Bridge street). The plat was vacated, but about 4 , was replatted by Barnett, Arnold and Jordan; is now in the Tenth Ward i< known as Dayton View. Patterson’s Pond is between the canal and river, west of the Fair Ground Hi! Buck Pasture (Buck Lot), comprising thirty-seven acres of land now within icpirst Ward, was platted by- D. Z. Cooper and David Stone, and sold at auction rust 6, 1836. Oregon, now in the Fifth Ward, was platted in eighty lots in the spring of 1 S-rj. Saint Anne’s Hill, was the high ground from the corner of McLean and Eagle r ts north to Third street. Frenchtown extended south of Second street and the canal to Lodwick street, ■last from the canal at Webster street to Saint Anne’s Hill. Lowry street was the extension of Fifth street, east of the canal to Wayne r t. Lodwick street was the extension of Lowry street, east to the corporation lihi Slidertown included the territory around the corner of Patterson and Brown :r ts. Worth Dayton, north of Mad River, and now known as Texas, was platted in : v’-seven lots by Samuel T. ILarker, proprietor, in October, 1841. McPhersontown, both sides of Main street north of the Miami River, was aed in thirty-four lots by* Samuel McPherson, proprietor, February 1, 1845. Mexico, in thirty-nine lots, Third street west of Williams street, was platted erbert S. Williams, proprietor, February 22, 1845. New Mexico, in the same locality, was shortly afterward platted. West Dayton, eighty lots, near Third and Williams streets, was platted by e:y Van Tuyl, W. H. Boon and Jesse Iv. Christopher, proprietors, in April, 1845. Patterson, better known as Browntown, west of the Miami River and south of Cincinnati. Hamilton & Dayton Railroad was platted by R, P. Brown, in forty - ■ ots in October, 1853. Miami City, from Wolf Creek south to -the railroad, and immediately west of -Miami River, was platted by George Moon and Joseph Barnett, proprietors, la 24, 1854. Africa was along Seely’s Basin, at Wayne street. The boat- yards were at the basin just north of Phillip’s Hill. Phillip's Hill was the high ground at the north end of the present Fair ' ends. The head of the Basin was the business locality at the canal and First street. 1 h Basin was the canal from Third to First street. The State Basin was that part of the canal, since tilled up, and now occupied 596 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. by the Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad as freight yard, east of the canal and no of Third street. The State dam is on Mad River above the aqueduct. Steele’s dam, built after 1825, is in the Miami River a mile above the mo of Mad River. Steele’s Hill was the high ground north of the Miami River, on the State ro from the Bridge street bridge around to the Covington pike. The “commons,” from 18-15 to 1855, was the uninclosed ground west Ludlow street to the river, and south of the old graveyard. The ball grounds, from 1850 to 1860, were south of Fourth street and west Perry; now they are south of Fifth street and west of the river. The circus grounds, until about the year 1860, were in the triangle eas 1 Wayne street between the canal and Third street ; since that time, shows uu canvas have been given south of Hickory street and west of Wayne ; but that p of the city is being so rapidly improved, that the location has been changed the lower end of Brown street north of Rubicon Creek. For the past forty years, the favorite bathing places have been at the • c banks” in the Miami, a quarter of a mile south of the Washington street brid at the “tumbles” in the race, at the foot of Prairie street; at the “suck" in Miami, at the lower point of an island above the Third street river bridge ; at “ l°g ” just above the mouth of Wolf Creek ; in the Miami and Mad River at tl confluence ; at the “ flats ” in the Miami, above Mad River, and in the dee pools above the city, in both of the rivers. THE MEXICAN WAR. Dayton as the county seat, and as the center of population, was naturally rallying-point lor enlistment of soldiers, and of rendezvous for troops in the ' of 1812, the Mexican war, and the war of the rebellion, yet the history of eve in each of the three wars named, properly belongs in the county- history. Company organizations for the Mexican war had been partially effec before the call for troops was issued; yet when the call was issued, men from parts of the county responded; Dayton was the center of the exciting events. Militiamen were greatly interested in the military movements on the Grande, and in the probability of a call being issued for volunteers. The evening of May 20, 1846, the Dayton National Guard at their armory Second street were addressed by- Capt. Hormell, in a brief and patriotic speech the close of which, he called for volunteers for’the war, and in response, the wl company stepped to the front for enlistment. A number of the Dayton Dragoons, Capt. Giddings, signed a roll for eni ment. Maj. Thomas B. Tilton had recruited twenty-five of the Dayton C Squad. The evening of the 21st, a meeting of citizens of the county was held the City Hall, and from that time men came in from all parts of the county enlist. Business in the city was almost entirely suspended from the 27th of ft until June 5, and the excitement was kept up until after the departure of 0; Stout’s company- on the 9th. THE FLOOD OF 1847. The rivers were so swollen in the latter part of December, 1846, as to exi fears for the safety- of property in the lower portions of the city-. The waters ! been rising for several days; and on January 1, 1847, merchants and mauiflt urers along the canal, moved stocks and material from the cellars and lower do to the second stories of the stores and warehouses. The levee was new, and that reason there was great fear that it could not withstand the great pressure the waters. About midnight, a general alarm was given, and shortly afterw. the old outer levee at the Bridge street bend gave away, and from the rush of mighty torrent, the new levee was broken through, the waters filling the cell CITY OF DAYTON. 597 r covering the lowlands from the corner of Wilkinson and Water streets, around v. t of Perry to Fourth street, creeping up Fourth and Fifth streets nearly to Ykinson, and along Sixth street to Main. At 2 o’clock in the morning of the (the levee above the head of Mill street began to wash, the alarm was promptly i :n, but soon the waters swept down the canal bed, spreading to St. Clair tret at Second, and through the alley south of Third street to the market house, Te n Jefferson street to Sixth, and on Fifth to Main street, leaving only the center t he oldest part of the city above high-water mark, Relief parties were at ,'eig strengthened, and since the water-way has been widened, by the bridge ex- nions, it is believed that there can be no danger to the city from high waters ijae future. THE CITY IN 1850. Merchants in the various branches of trade in 1850, were Charles Aubert, ; iam Arnold, Jr., William Atkins, J. H. Aehev, Thomas Bauman, W. D. Bad- 1 ot, J. (I. Baker, Theodore Barlow, Jesse Boogher, Daniel Beckel, M. Bennett, ' j. Brown, Thomas Brown, W. G-. Breene, John Beaver, Henry Best, John Baird, hjjert Billet, R. Bickford, John Bidclleman, Joseph Bimm, R. H. Bowen, M. Bom- e>er, Jacob Browning, Samuel Brady, Elisha Brown, S. B. Brown, Joseph Brown, ■ funstine, H. M. Brown, J. Bundenthal, D. Carrol, Stacy B. Cain, John C. Cain, cu Coblentz, Watson Carr, Robert Chambers, J. R. Clark, Samuel Clegg. J. M. lfg, James Cook, Chambers & Harries, A. Darst, N. B. Darst, David Davis, Jas. flicks. W. Dixon, Doyle, Dickey & Co., J. and J. L. Davison & Co., Daniel Eichel- cyer, George W. Ells, Ells, Claflin & Co., Charles Ells, Estabrook & Phelps, Viiam Emrick, E. Favorite, II. II. Foster, A. R. H. Folkerth, William Franken- e;er, William Gab, C. Ganson, Daniel Garst, D. N. Garrison, Herman Gebhart, i|on Gebhart, F. Gebhart & Sons, Charles George, B. Gilbert & Sons, Anthony ■ ner, R. Green, M. Greer, A. Gump, I. F. Howells, John Harries, C. Herchelrode, < Haines, P. M. Harman, George Hark, Henry Herrman, E. Heathman, William I ford, Hiestand & Moler, B. Hime, James R. Hoglen. William Huffman, Rd. ; ies, S. W. Jeffries, George Jewell, Allen Jeffers, Jacob Jameson, D. B. Johns, Aemp P. Kelly, L. D. Kerfoot, R. A. Kerfoot, Jonathan Kenney, 0. Kittridge, 1 King, L. Kimball, Kneisley & Bro., Kiefer & Conover, Samuel Kittridge, Viiam Kline, C. Koerner, Ladow & Hamilton, J. D. Loomis & Co., J. Langdon & I , F. L. Ladin, T. M. Lewis, H. Lemmermill, L. Leim, C. P. Leouard, N. S. Lock- ed, Joseph Martin, William Machir, Samuel Marshall, Jonathan Miller, E. A. Lre, R. D. Martin, William Morton, J. McDaniel, J. P. Moores, John Mount, liday & Stansifer, E. McCann, Munday & Long, A. C. W. Narwold, George ■ erth. John Nipgen, James Odell. Horatio Oblinger, N. Ohmer, M. Ohmer, Jacob fine, C. Ostendorf, William Parrott, J. Y. Perrine, Henry Perrine, James Perrine, Vine & Darst, Phillips & Yarian, H. G. Phillips, J. C. Payne, Joseph Plageman, Lies Post, John Powell, A. Pruden, Rogers & Fowler, Benjamin Rapp, John Vves, E. Reeves, David Rench, C. Ruff, Rench & Chapman, James Sage, John v;re, V. Schnorrenberger, Joseph Schaeffer, Salvador Schaeffer, Francis Sehieble, J( ' n Scholl, William Shoemaker, Smith & Dietrich, A. Swaynie, Swain & Mead, 598 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. J. M. Sharp, A. Simms, H. D. Silver, George Smith, T. W. Sprague, John Stephe David Stout, Elias Stout, William Stoner, Shulek & Egry, A. Spohn, J. S. Shoi B. F. Shoup, Joel Shoup, Ezra Thomas, E. Thresher, William Trebein, Isaac V Ausdal, Van Cleve & Newell, A. C. Van Doren, Nicholas Viot, John W. Whitmc Winters & Schaeffer, J. A. Walters, Thomas Wilkinson, J. L. Williams, J. W Wi Samuel Witherow, Collins Wight, John Wolf, D. Winters, Isaac Witmer. Mai facturers : Daniel Altick, Augustus Bauer, Thomas Benjamin, John Bell, B. Beaver, Frederick Boyer, Beatty & Fischer, J. H. Boyer, J. Bracelin, J. S. Broi well, J. Chatterton, Clark & Green, D. M. Curtis, J. 0. Conklin, Conover & Snii John Cohan, Richard Chambers, Adam Conway, A. Crawford, W. L. Darrow, An Decker, Charles Decker, T. V. Doup, Ely & Miller, W. & F. C. Estabrook, Willi: C. Ealy, John Engle, Allen Fauver, Gosling & Hammond, James Greer W. Hatfield, George A. Hatfield, Isaac Haas, A. Helfrich, L. B. & D. Jones, Her Kimes, John Kissner, D. E. Mead, James B. Morrison, William Oblinger A Pr & Co., Parrott & Clegg, Horace Pease, T. A. Phillips, Warren Phillips, J. C. Peir J. H. Peirce, J. T. Reed, Albert Rosner, M. Rakestraw, Simon Sedam, George Shields, William Sprague, C. Thompson & Sons, J. R. Waggoner, H. Wiggirn, Jat Wilt, Jeremiah Wilt, Westerman & Stout, Wyatt & Nickum, W. W. Wolf Woodmansee. There were four newspapers- — the Dayton Daily Journal, owned and edired R. N. and W. F. Comly ; the Western Empire , owned and edited by Fitch & Ra sey ; the Transcript , owned and edited by William C. Howells & Co.; Das D&< Journal owned and edited by John Bittman. J ohn W. Harries’ brewery was on 1 west side of Jefferson street, north of First street ; the brewery of John and Her Ferneding was on the east side of Kenton street, near Third. • Peter Voorhees and D. Z. Peirce, were proprietors of opposition stage lin Samuel Rouzer was auctioneer. Livery stables were kept by Brice Dillie, J. & T. R. Gillis, Lewis Hecfcl John Miller, John Wiggirn, Reed & Shellabarger. The city was well provided with hotels and taverns ; the Voorhees House, 1 H. Squires, landlord; Sway nie House, Alexander Swaynie ; Montgomery Hom C. Forrer ; Farmer’s and Mechanic’s Hotel, John P. Kline ; Franklin Hon Conrad Smith ; Lafayette House, J. Zweisler ; Columbian Hotel, Adam Kneel) Day-ton Hotel, Francis Ohmer ; City Hotel, M. S. Gunckel ; Galt House, J. Nauerth; Liberty Hall, Adam Snyder ; Pennsylvania House, H. Good ; Union Hou H. Good ; Harrison House; Philadelphia House ; American House, Andrew Span, St. Charles, N. L. Anil & Co.; Canal Hotel, T. Stephens; Chillicothe House, Rowe ; Augustus Kryder and F. Shutte each had small taverns in the alley the north side of the Market House ; Erasmus Mutlch kept hotel on Third stre east of Bainbridge street. There were forty-one physicians practicing medicine in the city; Edward B;u H. Baker, J. Bosler, C. Broadbeck, Joseph Brown, H. G. Carey, Cannc Oliver Crook, J. M. Crook, J. Clements, Jacob Coblentz, R. Cagley, John Cra: head, E. Ealy, William Egry, Felke, M. Garst, A. Geiger, George Green J Haines, Adams Jewett, Henry Jewett, J. H. Jordan, S. Jones, A. Kellogg, Knappstacdt, F. H. Langstedt, R. Martin, J. V. Miller, A. Shuleck, J. W. Shnv< Edmund Smith, Edwin Smith, John Steele, IT. K. Steele, C. W. Strumm, II. Va Tuyl, D. B. Van Tuyl, H. Wigand, J. Wise, George Zueblen. Thirty-six lawyers : John Ackerman, Luther B. Bruen, W. C. Bartlett, Jam H. Baggott, Ely Booth, Wilbur Conover, S. Craighead, J. H. Crane, J. G. Cvai M. E. Curwen, Edward W. Davies, Samuel B. Darst, E. J. Forsyth, Luther 9 i dings, R, H. Hart, George B. Holt, L. Huesman, John Howard, D. A. Hayues, W. Iddings, J. A. Jordan, Gilbert Kennedy, P. P. Lowe, John G. Lowe. Josi; Lovell, Peter Odlin, W. H. Piper, R, C. Schenck, L. Q. Smith. T. J. S. Smith, He ry Stoddard, Hiram Strong, S. M. Sullivan, C. L. Vallandigham, M. B. Walk< Y. V. Wood. CITY OF DAYTON. 599 Eighteen preachers : P. D. Gurley, John W. Hall, J. C. Crum, W. P. Strick- ! , J. B. Britton, D. R. Bilcom, D. Winters, W. R. Davis, William Ahrens, George i; tiers, Samuel Gormou, A. Hardorf, E. W. Humphries, P. Rizer, George Spring, . /alker, A. P. Frees, F. Snyder. The four banks were the Dayton Branch of the State Bank of Ohio, Peter in, President, C. G. Swain, Cashier ; Dayton Bank, Jonathan Harshman, Sr., : ident, Y. Winters, Cashier. March 31. 1850, Mr. Harshman died, and John e;h was elected President, and John B. Chapman appointed Cashier, vice V. Tiers resigned; City Bank, owned by J. 0. Shoup and Samuel Tate, Joseph A. i ung, Cashier ; Farmers’ Bank, owned by Daniel Beckel, Joseph Clegg and am Dickey, under the firm name of Beckel & Co. The Dayton Hotel Company was incorporated in March, 1850. In July they : hased the ground at the southwest corner of Third and Main streets, and in e fall of the same year began building the Phillips House. The house was « ed by Leonard & Potter September 10, 1852; a very elegant and popularly it ded ball and supper were given at the hotel, under the management of a large nier of the most prominent gentlemen of the city, the evening of October 14 ; ts, $5. MINOR EVENTS. In July, 1851, a town clock that had been purchased by the City’- Council was a d in the tower of Wesley Chapel, where it did duty for a number of years, and hen placed in the Second Presbyterian Church steeple. Sin sewing machines, the Singer machine was the first exhibited in Dayton ; it aorought here October 11, 1851, by S. N. Shear, agent, and of course was an >j t of great interest to people of all classes. Clegg's Hall. Third street, now occupied by the Superior Court, was opened e public in November, 1852. Beckel Hall, opposite the east end of the market house. Jefferson street, was ; in 1852. CENSUS. Of the settlers who came to the county, April 1, 1796, eight men, three women, our girl children and one baby boy, total sixteen, located at Dayton. Within oiext three years some of the original settlers moved out, but new-comers Cased the population of the hamlet to twenty-three — nine men, seven women eleven children. In April, 1803, the population was shown to be five men, six )i;n and eight children, total nineteen. December 21, 1808, the village had Inhabitants ; August 10, 1810. 383 ; June 1, 1S20, 1,139 ; May 1, 1828, 1,697 ; 14, 1829, 2,358. The United States census of 1830 shows the population of the towm to have e 2,934 on June 1 of that year. The population had increased to 3,258 on ary 1, 1832 ; 3,376 on March 1, 1833 ; 5,460 October 1, 1838. By the census report of 1840, Dayton had 6,067 inhabitants. In August, 1 4 there was a population of 9,792 ; 10.977 in 1850 ; 16,562 on the 1st of June, 20.081 by the census of 1860 ; 30,473 by the census of 1870 ; and by the us of 1880, we have 38,721. BANKS. p-t a time when the population of Dayton was less than 1.000, business had ureased as to tempt capitalists to engage in banking. In the fall of 1813, the Dayton Manufacturing Company was chartered. Amber 28, the following Board of Directors was elected : H. G. Phillips, Joseph hje, John Compton, David Reid, William Baker, Charles R. Greene, Isaac G. 1 ,ett, Joseph H. Crane, D. C. Lindsley, John Ewing, Maddox Fisher. David in and John H. Williams. May 19, 1814, the board organized by the election I G-. Phillips, President, and George S. Houston, Cashier. At an election held >14, J. N. C. Schenck, George Grove, Fielding Gosney and Benjamin Van Cleve 600 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. were added to the board. The amount of stock issued was $61,055. The b; opened for business August 14, 1814 ; the President’s salary was fixed at $150 annum, and the Cashier’s at $400, but both were afterward increased. In Novi ber. Mr. Phillips resigned the Presidency, and Joseph Peirce was elected. ' next year the company built the stone house on the east side of Main street, no of First. Luther Bruen and James Steele were elected directors. In June exhibit of the condition of the bank was made as follows : Gold and silver $ 34,154 35 Treasury notes 1,000 00 Bills discounted 56,871 81 Paid on banking house 880 00 Currency 28,340 87 Expense 2,258 18 Total Stock paid in $ Notes issued United States deposit Individual deposits Due Miami Exporting Company Due other banks Discounts $123,505 21 25,683 00 61,200 00 5,120 00 19,171 51 7,313 91 2,728 02 2,338 37 Total $123,554 81 The circulation was afterward increased to $134,671, a part of which “ change tickets,” for 6^ cents, 12^- cents, 25 and 50 cents. In 1817, Henry Bacon, as a professional character of reputable standing, , employed as attorney for the bank. In .1818, William Huffmam, Henry Ban and George W. Smith were elected Directors, and, in 1819, Alexander Grimes. The President, Joseph Peirce, died in September. 1821. Benjamin Van C ' was elected to succeed him, but died in November, and was succeeded by Gee Newcom. The bank had been forced to suspend specie payments at several ferent times, and the business had run down. In February, 1822, James St i was elected President, but shortly afterward the directors decided to close up i business. It, however, run along until in 1825, a new law was passed that wn first deemed favorable, but taxes were oppressive, and it became evident that bank must go down. In 1829, Henry Stoddard was elected Director. The Cashier, Mr. Houston, died in May 1831, Charles R. Greene was ele to succeed him. In July, 1831, the board was re-organized by the election of nine direcj James Steele, H. G. Phillips, David Stone, Jacob Catterlin, William Eaker, H<| Stoddard, Luther Bruen, Charles G. Swain, John Rench. James Steele, Presid Alexander Grimes, Cashier ; D. Z. Peirce, Assistant. In 1833, Henry Stock was employed as attorney for the bank at a salary of $50 per annum. The Legislature shortly afterward authorized the name to be changed to of the Dayton Bank. J. H. Bowen afterward became Assistant Cashier, then A. Dusang, and in 1839 John Harries was appointed. | Peter Odlin and James Perrine were made Directors in 1836: Mr. Je‘ and D. Z. Peirce in 1839. In 1841, the bank suspended specie payment; January, 1842, the board notice of their intention to wind up the business ; January 1, 1843, the chi expired, and Alexander Grimes, as agent, closed up the affairs of the bank. The city was then without banking facilities from the 1st of January, until June 1. 1845 ; except that for a part of that time D. Edwards, a broker, in business on the north side of Third street, near Main street, in Harshim row. In February", 1845, a new and more liberal bank law was enacted. With few weeks stock was subscribed for an independent bank, to be called the ,l 1 CITY OF DAYTON. 601 c Bank,” under the new law, with a specie capital of $60,000. May 1, the '.owing Directors were elected: Jonathan Harslnnan, Sr., John Rench, Thomas B'wn. Jonathan Harshman, Jr., Daniel Beckel, Henry Van Tuyl, David Davis, liathan Harshman, Sr., was made President, and Valentine Winters, Cashier. The bank was located on the north side of Third street, the second door east Villain street. It was opened for business about June 1, and two weeks later Anew bills were in circulation. John Rench was elected President of the bank upon the death of Mr. Harsh- :m. in March, 1850 ; in November following, Mr. Winters resigned, and John B. ipman was appointed Cashier. The bank discontinued business in the spring >1:1852. ! Stock books of the Dayton Branch State Bank of Ohio, were opened the first vijk of April, 1845. The first meeting of stockholders was held May 21 ; the d-d was organized as follows : President, Peter Odlin ; Cashier, David Z. 4ce : Directors, Peter Odlin, Alexander Grimes, C. G. Swain, R. W. Steele, J. Phillips, Samuel Shoup, Warren Estabrook, David Stout, Herman Gebhart ; c.tal, $150,000. The bank began business July 7, in a room on the south side of Second i et, four doors east of Main, aMd in the latter part of December following nred into Shoup’s building, at the southeast corner of Second and Jefferson diets. Mr. Peirce resigned in March, 1849, and Charles G. Swain was elected Jiihier, and served in that capacity, with Mr. Odlin as President, until the capi- aiind business was transferred to the Dayton National Bank in April, 1865. The City Bank, a private bank owned by J. O. Shoup and Samuel Tate, Sr., ’Viji Joseph A. Dusang as Cashier, was located on the north side of Third street, of doors east of Jefferson, and opened for business August 7, 1850. In April, 92, Mr. Tate withdrew from the firm, and the business was continued by Mr. 'Tup for several years. Daniel Beckel, William Dickey and Joseph Clegg established tlffi Farmers’ I k in the Ohio Block, Third street west of Kenton street, and opened for busi- >(i! November 20, 1850. March 29, 1852, Mr. Clegg withdrew from the firm, r the bank was moved to the northeast corner of Jefferson and Third streets, ffiber 24, of the same year, Mr. Dickey withdrew, and Mr. Beckel continued until the bank closed in 1854. The Miami Valley Bank was established in 1851, and opened for business Vteraber 10. Daniel Beckel, President ; S. C. Emley, Cashier ; Directors, Dan- e deckel, Nathaniel Strong, J. McDaniel, Daniel A. Hajmes, Joseph Clegg. The ;k was at first located in room No. 3 of the Ohio Block, but was afterward i ed to the Dayton Bank room, on Third street, near Main, where the business Jed. The Exchange Bank, owned by Valentine Winters, Jonathan Harshman, R. Dickey and James R. Young, was first opened for business at the northeast tier of Main and Third streets, April 5, 1852. September 26, 1853, Messrs. Gey and Young withdrew, Harshman and Winters continuing the business n 1 in 1857, Mr. Harshman withdrew, and Jonathan H. Winters became a mem- 4 of the firm. The firm name was changed to V. Winters & Son, who con- ed and largely increased the business, and for many years held rank v i the best banks of the country. In the fall of 1861, the bank was moved ■ doors north into the building that was torn down in 1871, to give place to hr present handsome structure. On the 1st of January, 1882, it was changed National Bank and is known as Winters’ National Bank. Its capital stock ' 300,000, and its officers are as follows : J. H. Winters, President ; J. D. Platt, ’ h President ; J. C. Reber, Cashier ; Directors, J. H. Winters, J. D. Piatt, Val- i ne Winters, L. B. Gunckel, J. Decker, J. M. Phelps, James Stockstill, Samuel Vtghead, E. M. Wood. After the affairs of the Miami Valley Bank were closed up, Mr. R. D. Harsh- 602 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. man occupied the room as a private banking house ; then he, with Jonathan Gorman, established the Central Bank, and moved into the corner room, vaca by the Exchange Bank, and continued business until about 1874. The banking house of Harshman & Co., east side of Jefferson street, nortl Third, was established b} r Jonathan and Joseph Harshman in 1860 ; in 1865.11 gentlemen were associated in the organization of the Second National Bs In 1870, Harshman & Co. again engaged in banking, and continued until aff'ec by the panic of 1873. The First National Bank was organized in the spring of 1863, with $112. capital, which was afterward increased to $150,000. President, Simon Gebha Cashier, G. B. Harman ; Directors, Simon Gebhart, Henry Herrman, Thomas 1 rott, Caleb Parker, John L. Martin, D. E. Mead, Samuel Marshall, George Shaw, Josiah Gebhart. May 1, 1870, Simon Gebhart, G. B. Harman and W. Gebhart purchased the good will and succeeded to the business of the bank, have since that time conducted a general banking business under the firm nam Gebhart, Harman & Co., north side of Third street, three doors west of Jeflen The Second National Bank was chartered in the spring of 1863, and oq ized as follows : President, Jonathan Harshman ; Cashier, David C. Ren Directors, Jonathan Harshman, James Perrine, G. W. Kneisly, T. S. Babl William P. Huffman, Robert Chambers, L. R. Pfoutz, N. B. Darst, D. C. Rei Their place of business at first was on the east side of Jefferson street, nortl Third street, and September 1, 1869, was moved to its present location at northwest corner of Jefferson and Third streets. The capital at first emplo was $100,000, but has at different times been increased until it reached $300, ( The last officers of this bank were : William P. Huffman, President ; Daniel Ke Vice President ; Charles E. Drury, Cashier ; Directors, W. P. Huffman, T. S 1 bitt, D. Keifer, G. W. Kneisly, R. J. King, John K. McIntyre, Preserved Sn George W. Shaw, E. J. Barney. It ceased to exist May 25, 1882. The Dayton National Bank received its charter in April, 1865, and withou terruption to business, succeeded the Dayton Branch of the State Bank of Ohio, bank was organized with $300,000 capital ; Peter Odlin, President; C. G. Swi Cashier ; Directors, J. H. Achey, G. W. Rogers, Harvey Conover, T. A. Phil Horace Pease, Dr. H. Jewett, Joel Estabrook, Herman Gebhart. The bank re was at the southeast corner of Second and Jefferson streets. Mr. Swain die 1866. H. C. Hiestand succeeded him, and served until W. S. Phelps was ele| in January, 1869. The bank was moved to its present location in the Hu: building at the southeast corner of Third and Jefferson streets, October 1, 1 J. H. Achey was made President in November, 1872, and is still serving in capacity ; W. S. Phelps is Cashier, and the Directors are John H. Achey, G. Rogers, Harvey Conover, Samuel W. Davies, R. R. Dickey, Josiah Gebhart, W ill P. Callahan, William H. Simms, Isaac Van Ausdal. The Merchants’ National Bank began business February 15, 1871, in room which they yet occupy at the southwest corner of Third and Jeffei streets; capital, $100,000; afterward increased to $150,000. President, •' Powell ; Cashier, A. S. Estabrook ; Directors, John Powell, E. D. Payne, i Mead, J. C. Peirce, J. W. Dietrich, James Applegate, Samuel Marshall. 0 Parker, N. Obmer. The present board are : D. E. Mead, President ; J. C. Pe Vice President; A. S. Estabrook, Cashier; Directors, D. E. Mead, J. C. Pe John R. Reynolds, B. F. Hargrave, E. A. Daniels, T. A. Legler, James A{ gate, A. Gebhart, N. Ohmer. The Dayton Savings Bank, 432 East Fifth street, was organized $100,000 capital February 24, 1874; President, C. F. Kneisly; Cashier, ! Dietrich ; Directors, C. F. Kneisly, Charles Burroughs, Jost Durst, D. Sk John L. Prugh. Mr. Kneisly served as President until January, 1880, when J L. Prugh was elected. The present board are : John L. Prugh, President ; * Crawford, Cashier ; Directors, John L. Prugh, Jost Durst, D. Slentz, E. P' Joseph Bigger. CITY OF DAYTON. 603 John Bettelon and William Gkmckel, in 1872, established a Savings Bank at >( East Third street. Mr. Bettelon withdrew from the firm, and Mr. Grunckel is t' carrying on the business. Small weekly deposits, which, in the aggregate amount to a considerable sum, iimade in the Building Associations, and in the Savings and Loan Associations, mny of which have been organized in the city. These associations have accom- ilhed great good to a very large number of mechanics and laborers, by affording i fe deposit for small sums of weekly earnings, and in this way enabling very aiiy families to accumulate a sum sufficient to buy or build small homes. The Third National Bank was organized and began business May 10, 1882, in hibuilding formerly occupied by the Second National Bank. Its capital stock is 540,000, and its officers are : William P. Huffman, President ; Daniel Keifer, Vice isident ; Charles E. Drury, Cashier ; Directors, William P. Huffman, T. S. Bab- 5 Daniel Keifer, G. W. Kneisly, R. J. King, John K. McIntyre, Preserved 1th, George W. Shaw. E. J. Barney. v 604 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAPTER VI DAYTON INDUSTRIAL INTERESTS. Introduction — Car Works — Wood-Working Establishments — Agricuj ural Works— Carriages — Machine Shops, Etc.— Mills— Brewers— M< ble and Stone— Tobacco— Cracker Manufactories— Miscellaneous HERE is no portion of the business interests of a State, county or city, more importance than its manufacturing industries. They are the ho and sinew of its prosperity, and the failing or closing of a mill or factory almost an infallible sign of the deterioration of a place, or the unenterprisi spirit pervading the inhabitants of that city, village or township. It is w these facts before us, that we here present for your persnal benefit, hr sketches of the greater number of manufactories, which entitles Dayton to called the Rochester of Ohio, and of which none are more proud than the telligent and wide- awake population of that city. A few of the industries mentioned in this chapter, were established hell century or more ago. At that time, the wheels of progress turned slower tb at present, and the mode of manufacture was rather primitive and crude, the chariot of time rolled slowly forward, improvements began to make tk appearance on every article placed on the market, and at present, we venti to say, there is no city in the Union whose inventors and manufacturers f better known and whose manufactured goods bear a higher standard than tb of the “Valley City of the Miami.” Her inventors, though not numerous, have placed before the Amerk public articles of importance and necessity; her manufacturers have e; strived to place the city of their choice in the front rank among the great hi iness centers of the West. In this they have succeeded beyond their most si guine expectations. They have invested hundreds of thousands of dollars the buildings, machinery, etc. , and by the purchase of the best quality crude material, the employing of none but skilled workmen, a judicious exp< diture of printer’s ink, coupled with displays of their wares at industrial ex bitions, have succeeded in making the fame of Dayton resound far and wr throughout the civilized world. The following industries especially merit attention, either on account their age and magnitude, or the enterprising spirit which their owner? In shown on all occasions. To no industry of Dayton can her citizens point w more pride than the one we shall first call attention to. It is probably the la est works of a like character in the United States, and gives employment over a regiment of America’s sons. The Dayton Car Works were established in 1849, by E. Thresher and E. Barney, under the firm name of E. Thresher & Co., and with limited ca tal as compared with that now invested. In 1854, Mr. Thresher disposed his interest to C. Parker, and for ten years the business was conducted un industrial interests. THE BARNEY & SMITH MANUFACTURING COMPANY. CITY OF DAYTON. 605 K inn name of Barney, Parker & Co. In 1864, Mr. Parker sold his interest j reserved Smith, and the firm name changed to Barney, Smith & Co. In S:. the firm was incorporated, assuming- the name of the Barney & Smith h ufacturing Company, since which time they have rapidly enlarged their n ness and erected new and more commodious brick buildings. The machinery n used in the business was formerly in the possession of Bean, Parker & lilg, car manufacturers of Springfield, Mass. , and was brought to Bayton by h,C. Parker. New machinery has been constantly added, new inventions li 3 d of different machines, until at present they have probably the most com- 1(3 car-work machinery in the West. The company consumes more than ! JO, 000 feet of lumber and 20,000 tons of iron per annum, and employs - 1,100 men. Their capital has been increased from $120,000 in 1849, to 00,000 in 1880, while the value of their manufactured goods annually ex- its $2,000,000. Their buildings cover four acres, and with the second, ail, and fourth floors of some, give them over eight acres of working room. b> have one building 35x50 feet in size, of which the first floor is used as a X! room; the second is handsomely fitted up for an office; and the third for lourtain and linen department of sleeping coaches. They also have the foi- ling buildings : One, one andahalf story brick, 97x155, for freight car erect- j i one 50x155, for freight trucks; painting shop, 52x245; one, 52x182, for -tng up bodies of passenger coaches; two four-story buildings, 82x90, and 1 ojO, for engine room and wood-working machinery; one, 82x165, for setting todies of baggage cars; one, 82x165, for freight wood- working machinery; b I svsmith shop, 81x205; machine shop, 63x120, four stories; wheel foundry, 5: 00 ; pitting house, 30x60 feet (capacity 140 wheels per day); oil and glass oje, 30x60 feet, three stories; sand and coke sheds and stabling. Two en- iip are required to move these acres of solid machinery — 350 and 200 horse- |) 0 fer respectively. WOODWORKING ESTABLISHMENT. Baird & Bro.’s planing- mill, sash, door and blind factory. This business was established in 1858, by John C. and William F. Baird. They commenced business on the present site of John Rouzer’s planing- where they remained until July, 1861. On that date their mill was de- )' ed by fire, the firm losing a large stock of models, patterns, etc. Soon 9', they started in business again on First street, opposite the head of Mad- In 1872, they removed to their present location. They now occupy a ■•[ -story brick structure, 100x30 feet in size, at 328 and 330 East First sti’eet: hr building is fitted up with the latest improved machinery, aBcl is operated yented steam power. The business was rather small at first, but, as both qaers are practical mechanics, and have given all their attention to it, their 33 is now quite large, extending, for the most part, throughout Montgomery i Greene Counties. HOGLEN BROS.’ PULP COMPANY. This firm manufactures all kinds of lumber. Their flourishing business abounded by the father of the Messrs. Hoglen in 1840, and in 1873 the firm nosed of John B., William J. and J. C. Hoglen, took possession. They a oy fifty men, paying an average salary to each of $12 per week. They • - have, in addition to these, a foreman and a book-keeper. The motive ,0 p i s furnished by a forty-horse power engine, and their yards are located a ,ast Fifth and North Webster streets, with an office at 228 East Fifth street, f mill for the manufacture of pulp, is located at Medway, Clark Co. , Ohio. H officers of the company are: J. P. Hoglen, President; J. C. Hoglen, Secret iJ J. N. Bell, Treasurer. 606 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. G. STOMPS & CO.’S CHAIR FACTORY. Among the many institutions which have served to extend the fame of Da ton as a manufacturing point, and especially deserving of mention, becan standing alone among the other industries, is the above works. The busine was founded in 1859, by Gustav Stomps. He commenced operations in small brick and frame building, on First street, and four years later his trai had increased to such an extent as to necessitate more commodious quartei He removed to his present location, 229 East First street, where he has sin carried on his steadily increasing business. The firm occupy three buildin — one factory, three stories high, 43x200 feet, with offices attached; one 30x1 feet, four stories high, and a wareroom on Canal, between First and fiacoij streets, 42x83, four stories high. The firm manufacture cane and wood both chairs, which are turned out by the best improved machinery. The firm - ploy 100 men and find a ready sale for their goods in New York, Pennsylvan Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. Mr. Stomps, the founder of the business, is native of Germany, but at present one of the representative German citizelj of this county. The “ Co.” is composed of R. P. Burkhart and C. Vogel, i former of whom has charge of the business of the firm. JOHN ROUZER. This gentleman is the largest contractor and builder in Dayton. Fuji 1844 to 1854 he worked at the carpenter’s trade throughout this and adjoin! ; counties. In 1854, he established his present business at Dayton in a sni I way, and in 1861 commenced the manufacture of building material. His b iness was then located in the old Bomberger flouring mill, where he put ir <- eration and used the first iron frame molding machine manufactured in > Dnited States, and which is still in his possession. In 1862, he commend the erection of the old (Turner) Opera House, which was completed and opeii January 1, 1864. In 1863, he removed to his present location, on the Cooj t Hydraulic, at the head of Fourth street, and from 1866 to 1868 employed ah two hundred men annually. In 1867, he enlarged his quarters by a wing i 72 feet in size, and now occupies a large and commodious structure. His cilities for manufacturing building material are unlimited, and his machin| of the latest and best improved pattern. He re-saws lumber, makes sti building a specialty, and i-s a large dealer in frames, sashes, doors, blinds, a is a manufacturer of brackets, office furniture and wooden mantels. PARROTT & GILBERT. This firm own and operate the Dayton Furniture Company, which bij ness was commenced about the year 1865. The present firm, composed Henry R. Parrott and Jacob B. Gilbert, purchased the stock and trade in ,! v and have since continued the business. They occupy a factory 60x40, f stories, and an addition 35x60, two stories, both being constructed of bn. The company manufacture only chamber sets, of which goods they turn numerous and handsome designs, all being made of the best woods. Ti trade extends throughout Western New York and Pennsylvania; Michigan a Northeastern Ohio, exceeding over 150,000 annually. Thirty-five hands ! steady and remunerative employment, and the business of the firm has grci to such proportions as to find a market for more goods than they can roake fact worthy the careful consideration of all business men. The Compai machinery is run by steam power, rented of E. H. Brownell & Co. PIERCE & COLEMAN. This firm is wholesale and retail dealers in and dressers of all kind:' lumber. The business was established by Matthew Burrows, who was s) (deceased) CITY OF DAYTON. 609 pled by Burrows & Stewart, and the latter firm by Stewart & Co., in 1866. I. Pierce became the sole proprietor in 1876, and was succeeded by the iijsent firm. They occupy a three-story brick building, 100x60 feet in size, it! Jos. 10 and 12 Wayne street, and employ fifty men at an average salary of Aber week. Their machinery is run by an eighty-horse power engine, and if the most complete and improved style. PINNEO & DANIELS. These gentlemen are the sole proprietors of the Dayton Wheel Works. Y business was founded in 1855, by Ernest Zwick, who continued it, with e>ral partners, until 1865, in which year A. W. Pinneo bought an interest, ii in March, 1866, E. A. Daniels also purchased an interest, the firm contin- ue as Zwick, Pinneo & Daniels until 1875, when the two latter purchased i Zwick’s interest, and the firm became Pinneo & Daniels. They were lo- a'd at 216 East Third street, where business was carried on for a fifth of a ary. In April, 1881, the firm moved into their present large and hand- ie brick structure. This building is 50x100 feet in size, three and a half t ies high, with an L 36x65 feet, three stories. This is one of two indus- ns of a like nature in Dayton; and the firm, therefore, enjoy a large and ■ort trade. They manufacture wheels, hubs, spokes and all kinds of wagon xd and bent work. Their work is of the very best quality, and they cater jW for the best trade. Their sales are made all over the Union, and large Aunts have been shipped to foreign lands. The firm have about $100,000 .nested in the business, and their sales will average annually about the same ujinnt. Seventy-five men and boys are employed in the business, and the nthinery is operated by a 150-horse power engine. Charles E. Daniels has firge of the office. The gentlemen comprising this firm are well known Aughout the county and State as men of sterling business integrity. s. n. brown & co. This firm maufacture wheels, hubs, spokes and bent material. The en- orise was inaugurated by Harvey Blanchard, in 1847, on the east side of i, canal, between Third and Fourth streets, and is, therefore, one of the oldest Mistrial firms in Dayton. In 1850, the firm became known as Blanchard & B;iwn, under which title it continued the business until 1863, when J". M. Alps became a silent partner. In 1867 occurred the death of Mr. Blanchard, r Messrs. Brown & Phelps purchased his interest, and changed the name of firm to its present style. In 1869, a joint-stock company was organized ''Vjh a capital stock of $147,500. the firm name being yet retained. In 1851. i firm removed to the corner of .Kenton and Fourth streets. Their present l iters, on the southeast coimer of Fourth and St. Clair streets, was erected in 1 ’9, where they occupy a five-story brick structure, of considerable dimensions, Addition to a three-story frame, formerly used as a factory, in which their r . The ground owned by the firm is 295x230 feet in dimensions, and, in fiction to the old building, has on it two four-story brick structures, 130x50 eeach. a foundry 136x50, a blacksmith shop 80x60, three stories high, and icier shop 136x30, one story high. A glance at these proportions will give ehader an idea of the large amount of room necessary to carry on the stead- vicreasing business of this firm. They employ an average of 450 men, and d nearly $350,000 invested in the business. They annually manufacture 5 ) grain drills, 2,500 broadcast seeders, 15,000 hay rakes, 3,000 harrows, act large number of smaller implements. The above facts speak for them- A% and comment is unnecessary. No industry in the Valley Cityis pointed thmore pride and interest than the works operated by the above firm, hi are the largest of the kind in Montgomery County, and probably in tern Ohio. JOHN DODDS. The manufacturing career of this gentleman extends back to 1856, when, - irtnership with William Bomberger and Collins Wight, he began the iaeture of agricultural implements in the shops now owned by the Wood- D Machine Company, where they continued in business until the close of e far, when they sold the building to the Pitts Threshing Machine Company, cnoved to the Dayton and Western shops. Here they carried on business v ;al years, when Mr. .Dodds bought out Bomberger, Wight & Co., which 8 - he firm name, and began the manufacture of the Hollingsworth Rake, ex- rifely, under the firm name of Smith, Dodds & Co. At the end of one a. Mr. Dodds bought out the partners and became sole owner. He gave up >ase of the Dayton and Western shops, and erected new buildings on the r of Third and Bainbridge streets, where, after manufacturing three years, sposed of a half interest to John W. Stoddard. This partnership ex- T three years, when Mr. Dodds sold his interest in those shops to Mr. Stod- r and purchased the latter's interest in the Miami City shops, which they nalso operating. This change occurred in 1875, and the only building at idoint was a two-storied frame and a brick engine house, which yet form a i' ?f the present shops, the frame structure being now used for a wood-shop I® first story, and paint-room above, with a brick addition in the rear for ^purposes. In the rear of this are the blacksmith and machine shops, solid ; buildings, two stories in height, in which everything is done by the aid genious machinery, the upper story of the blacksmith shop being also e 'for a paint-room. To the north of those is the foundry, which is a one- ' t brick, and on the east of all is a large three-storied brick wareroom, with ! A -story brick building used for finishing rooms, adjoining it on the north; G 12 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. the combined shops covering about two acres of ground, and including spo and lumber yard, live acres. Mr. Dodds manufactures six kinds of rakes, vi the Hollingsworth, Reindeer, Surprise, Taylor No. 1 and No. 4, and Redbii turning out about 11,000 rakes annually, aggregating about $200,000 per ve In running the machinery, one eighty-horse power engine is used, and ev< machine throughout these shops is of the latest and best improved patte Mr. Dodds employs 140 hands, has manufactured since starting his basin more than 125,000 rakes, and his market is throughout the civilized woi The office is a neat two-storied frame structure, close to the shops, which located in Miami City, north of Third street, on the Dayton & Western 11; road, which supplies him with convenient and abundant shipping facilities. PRITZ & KUHNST. This firm commenced business in 1852, on the corner of Second and Se streets, under the present tirm name. Being among the pioneer manuf actur firms of the Valley City, their business has increased in proportion to growth of the city. They first occupied a small frame building, and with assistant started the manufacture of horse-powers and threshing machii In 1840, they removed to a two-story frame building on the corner of Sea and Webster streets, where they remained ten years. In 1856, they took j session of their present factory. This is a four-story structure, 200x50 feet size, fitted up with the best kinds of machinery for the making of this c of goods. They employ forty men, at an average salary of $1.75 per da;?, sj although not doing as large a business as other firms in the same line, t!i trade is permanent and remunerative. They manufacture about 400 each: self-binders, self-rakes, reapers, mowers and grain chills annually. THE AUGHE PLOW WORKS CHARLES PARROTT, PROPRIETOR. This important branch of the industrial establishments of the “ Roche of Ohio ” was founded in 1847, by Jefferson Aughe, in a little shop on T street. Mr. Aughe was of an inventive turn of mind, and turned his ge: into the agricultural channel of manufactures. He invented the plow wl bears his name, and which has been scattered throughout the Union like wi on well prepared soil. Shortly after starting this business, he removed to, present location of the works, and erected a frame building 40x40, two stc high, where business was carried on by him alone till the early part of 1 when John Achey bought an interest, which he held until his death in the i of 1866, after which Charles Parrott purchased Mr. Achey’ s interest from heirs and this ffrrn operated the works until 1871, when Mr. Parrott purch Mr. Aughe’s interest; the latter died soon after, but his name will not be gotten by the many tillers of the soil throughout Ohio and the great Nc west. Mr. Parrott added to the old frame building, until July 18, 188.1, v|i the entire structure was torn down, and a handsome brick building ere. changes, the present firm — Benjamin E. Houser and Charles E. Bedell — was t ablished. They owned and carried on two shops, one on the corner of Third si Baxter streets, and the other, one on the corner of Third and Union streets. 1 the fall of 1881, they purchased half of a large brick structure, at No. 31 Ust Fourth street, where they continue the business, having disposed of the f mer shops. They employ twenty-five men, and enjoy a good local trade, je annual sales, adding the receipts of the repair shop, will average $10,000. - • Houser has charge of the shops, and Air. Bedell of the office and trade. -' e firm make buggies and all kinds of light wood work, and their facilities in new shops are first-class. WEAVER BROTHERS. This business was founded by Gerrety, Gillispie & Co., in 1868, Charles leaver being the “ Company ” of the firm. They were succeeded by Gerrety ‘leaver, and in the fall of 1875, the former retired and Air. Weaver became 614 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. sole proprietor. The shops are located at No. 12 East Fourth street, empt j ten men and do a good business. In November, 1881, Mr. Weaver died, ; i was succeeded by liis three sons — Phillip, William and Albert — who havesii; carried on the business under the above name. Their repairing and sa i amount to about $9,000 per year, and the firm have a well-established repu ■ tion in their line. •J. L. BAKER & CO. The works owned by the above firm were removed here from New Carli in 1871, under the firm name of J. L. & F. M. Baker, and business comment p in the building they now occupy. It was erected by the firm, but since been enlarged, and is now, a three-story brick, with three roo i 150x25, and three rooms 60x60. F. M. Baker retired from the firm iu 18 and the business was carried on by the remaining member until 1879, wi ] J. Sykes and M. A. Griffith purchased an interest. Iu 1880, Mr. Griffith ( posed of his interest to Mr. Baker, and the firm name was changed to J. Baker & Co. They employ from twenty to fifty men — diminishing or mere ing the force in proportion to the seasons of trade. They make only fine b gies and carriages, and turn out about 350 annually. L. & M. WOODHULL. This firm established their buggy works on Kenton street in 1878, in a fo story brick structure, 25x75 feet in size, and commenced work with twe employes. In 1880, they removed to their present quarters on Fifth stri which was formerly called the Western shops, and used by B. C. Taylor, in manufacture of the Taylor Hay Rake. The dimensions of the buildings u by this firm are as follows : Main factory, 160x60, two-stories; a shipp house and wareroom 40x40, two-stories; a “body room,” 150x50, and a bla smith shop, formerly used as a round-house by a railroad company. In latter they operate nine forges, one furnace and a steam hammer. They i ploy 100 men, at a daily average of $1.75 each and turn out 1,500 vehi( per year, in addition to a large amount of unfinished work supplied to trade. They have about $50,000 invested in the business, and are the o wholesale and retail dealers in this line of trade in Dayton, and probably Montgomery County. MURRAY & SEEGER. This firm manufactures carriages and light buggies, and is located on o o oo 7 southeast corner of Fifth and Stone streets. They commenced operation; 1872, in a small two-story frame building on Wayne street, and a few mor after took possession of their present works. They occupy a three-story bi 90x90, and employ sixteen men, at an average salary of $2.25 per day. firm has $10,000 invested in the business, and their annual sales average $'-j 000, being mostly in Montgomery County. PI’EIFEENBERGER & SMITH. The business carried on by this firm was founded in 1838 by Henry Kin and is therefore one of the pioneer firms in this line of trade in Montgom County. In 1858, the stock and trade was purchased by Louis J. Pfeiffen' ger and George Cqldracer, but in 1873 the latter sold his interest to Micl M. Smith, and the firm has since borne its present name. They occupy t! buildings — blacksmith shop, wagon shop and warehouse, all of which are cated at Nos. 203-5-7-9 Fast Water street. The firm makes all kinds wagons, carts, drays, wheelbarrows, and employ six men. The wagon dep: ment is presided over by the senior member of the firm, and the blacksin by the junior member. CITY OF DAYTON. 615 W. W. PHILLIPS. This business was founded by the present proprietor in the place be is nJv located in April, 1833 — almost a half century ago. He commenced by a king stage coaches, carriages and buggies. Owing to inability, by reason , advancing years, he has allowed his business to remain nearly the same as ijdays of yore — always enjoying a fair trade, and not seeking to keep pace with r - busy, bustling activity of those more youthful in both years and business. i\ , Phillips employs about eleven men and makes from twenty-live to fifty •deles per year, in addition to a large amount of repairing. This building ; i two-story brick, 200x50 feet in size. The greater part of the work turned here supplies a local demand. MACHINE SHOPS AND FOUNDRIES. A. A. SIMONDS. The works owned by this gentleman are located on the Dayton View Hydrau- Mr. Simonds was formerly engaged in business in Massachusetts, but in [ i5 came to Dayton and founded his present business. He erected a substan- til brick building, in which operations were commenced. Although a compar- a rely new enterprise, he is meeting with marked success, and a patronage ex- uding throughout the length and breadth of the Union. The facilities for ding this kind of work are complete, and of the best improved style. The tin manufactures paper-mill engine bars and plates, rag cutting and trimming kives, planing machine, spoke, molding, stave jointing, straw cutting, shingle n chine and various kinds of pattern knives. BOYER & M’MASTER. This firm commenced business in 1864, on Bayard street, the present lo- cion, in a one-story brick building, 35x50 feet in size. At first, their em- i yes numbered eight, but their business now requires the skilled labor of t rty-five men. Their building was enlarged in 1869, to its present size, now b.ng 55x75 feet, with a foundry addition, 50x100 feet. The firm manufact- o stoves and castings of all kinds and sizes. They have an office and sales- nm at 138 East Third street, and do an annual business of about 150,000. June 20, 1876, with capital stock of $75,000. The officers of the company are: President, Carles E. Pease; Vice President and Treasurer, R M. Anderson; Secretary, B. Anderson. The works are located on East Third street, near Canal, yd their dimensions are as follows: Main building, 60x256, four stories; 'indry, 80x110, one story, both being constructed of brick. This company Old improved machinery for the manufacture of linseed and cotton-seed oil; I ase tobacco-cutter, for the manufacture of fine-cut chewing and smoking Dacco; hratzsch universal milling machine; Turrett & Speed lathes, for ! iss finishers’ use. The manufacture of brass goods, for engine-builders and oam-fitters, forms an important feature of this company’s business. It is 0 leading branch of their trade, employing over 100 men in this depart- 'iRt. Their full force numbers 175 employes, and their annual sales average 300,000. CENTRAL MACHINE WORKS. O. J. Roberts & Co. are the proprietors of this business. It was founded 1867, by George J. Roberts, and passed into the hands of the piresent firm BUCKEYE IRON AND BRASS WORKS. These works are owned by a company, incorporah 616 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. in 1875. Their shop is located at 38 St. Clair street, where they occup four-story brick, 30x60. The hrm first commenced to do job-work and in a steam engines, but, as the trade increased, they began the manufacture steam-pumps, and since then, have given nearly all their time and attention this specialty. They employ fifteen men, and have about $25,000 invested the business. Their sales are made from Ohio to Colorado, and Illinois Mississippi, and will average $30,000 annually. Their machinery is opera! by rented power. CHADWICK & FRANCISCO. This firm is located at Nos. 9, 1 1, 13 and 15 South Canal street, wh they commenced operations in 1869, succeeding another firm. They weie f merly located in the large brick building adjoining on the north, but rerao' to present location in August, 1880. The building is 50x50 feet in size, t stories, in which are employed some six men. This firm makes all kinds iron fencing and jail-work. Among the jobs put up by C. & F. may named the following: The fence inclosing the National Cemetery grounds, Mound City, 111.; iron-work for the jails of Auglaize County, Ohio, and No County, Ind. Their annual trade amounts to $5,000. CHARLES WUICHET & CO. This enterprise was commenced in 1857, on the northwest corner of Th and St. Clair streets, by W. F. Grebhart, who made galvanized iron-wo In 1872, Mr. Wuichet became a partner in the business, and the firm na was changed to W. F. Grebhart & Co. It remained as such until the death Air. Gebhart, in 1880, and the present firm, composed of Charles Wuic and R. C. Schenck, Jr., purchased the stock and trade, changing the firm na to the one it now bears. At first, the firm occupied a two-story brick, 30) feet, and employed six men. They removed to their present quarters, op site the old one, in 1869, and now employ fifty-three men, at an average of per day each. They do slate-roofing and all kinds of galvanized iron-wc During the first year in business, they used one car-load of slate, and at pi ent, over 100 car-loads annually, and do a business averaging $70,000 annum. DAYTON STEAM BOILER WORKS. E. H. Brownell & Co. are the proprietors of these works, which are catecl on the corner of First and Foundry streets. E. H. Brownell est lished the business in 1855, in a small shop on the present site of the woi He continued the business alone until 1857, when James Brownell was g'i' an interest in the business, and the firm name became the present one. 7 shops are large and roomy, occupying a space 200x60, with an addition 10s the latter, two story. The firm manufactures boilers and sheet-iron work clusively, and do the largest business of the kind in Montgomery County, £ rank among the largest in the State. The firm employs about seventy-five n and enjoys an average trade of $125,000 per annum. The work is under personal supervision of Mr. E. H. Brownell, who is a practical mechanic, £ an inventor of no small ability. The works are equipped with the best i cliinery, and their facilities for doing large jobs of work exceed anything Western Ohio. Among the many hundreds of boilers built by this firm those of the Dayton Water Works, Montgomery, Ala., Water Works, the greater number of boilers at the National Soldiers' Home and South Ohio Insane Asylum. DAYTON MALLEABLE IRON WORKS. This industrial enterprise was founded in 1866, by Loeb Stevenson & C at the present site of the works. In 1870, a company was organized un CITY OF DAYTON. 617 :b above name, and incorporated with a capital stock of $80,000, E. A. and iE. Parrott owning the principal portion of the stock. The company's build- ;il are located in Miami City, on the north side of Third street, between Sum- J street and Dale avenue. Their buildings are as follows: A two-story brick wiehouse, 100x50 feet; foundry, 250x50; and an annealing house, 50x80 feet, f : motive power for driving the machinery is furnished by a 50-horse-power nine, which is nearly double the capacity of the one originally used by the 1 firm. The company consumes about 1,500 tons of raw material annually, An which they make all kinds of carriage hardware and malleable iron cast- es. In February, 1882, E. A. Parrott resigned the Presidency of the com- fy, and F. P. Gaddis was elected to that position. This firm do an annual illness of about $150,000, and is one of the leading interests of Dayton. DAYTON CORNICE WORKS. These works are owned by G. W. and E. E. Buvinger, who established the if ness in 1879, in a brick building on the corner of Third and Canal streets, h present location. They occupy a two- story brick structure, 36x60 feet in size, i manufacture galvanized iron cornices, window caps, do tin and slate roof- u and house spouting. They employ about twelve men, and have met with ^ gratifying success in the short time they have been engaged in this business, i have a capital invested of about $6,000. D. H. & C. C. MORRISON. This firm is engaged in bridge building. Their business was founded in 82, by D. H. Morrison, of Dayton, and Julius C. Curtis, of Keokuk, Iowa, r 854, Mr. Curtis retired from the firm, and in 1868, C. C. Morrison was ad- red as a partner and the business since conducted under the present name, v en first started the firm had no shops located, but in 1869, erected one on iwnee, between Fifth and Wayne streets. The firm is now located in ■own Town,” and do all lands of bridge building, iron roofing and girders for dings. They employ about seventy-five men. and their business for 1881 runted to over $150,000. Charles Mitchell is the foreman, and has charge ■ he entire out-door business of the firm. Among the many iron bridges con- fected by this establishment, are those over the Miami River, at Day ton, with uierous ones in Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Fisas. This firm have recently erected extensive, one-story brick shojis across Miami River, in “ Brown Town,” where their works will be carried on for h future. The building is 66x253 feet in size, besides the engine and boiler on, and the facilities of the firm are larger than at any time in its past ex- igence. GREER & KING. This firm, though claiming to be doing the largest business of the kind in i itgomery County, refused to give the compiler of this chapter but very few as about their trade. The business was founded in 1834, by James Greer -i Rufus J. King. Mr. Greer died in 1873 or 1874, but the firm has still inued business under the old name. They have occupied a four- story stove aory on Canal street, between Second and Third streets, for twenty-five 1 - s- The firm makes stoves and ranges. BROWNELL & CO. The business of this firm was established in 1864, but owing to the steadi- yncreasing business, it was organized into a joint-stock company in 1872, ' ji C. H. Kielmier as President. The business was conducted in this man- n until 1878, when Messrs. Brownell & Schneble became the proprietors, the 1 618 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. latter gentleman having been closely identified with the business for mi years. They employ a large force of skilled mechanics, and occupy buildi aggregating 250x400 feet in size, located on East First street. The firm m ufactures all kinds of portable and stationary engines, saw-mills and stc boilers, and the superiority of the quality of work done by them, is fully s stantiated by the large number of orders received from all parts of the Un They employ 155 workmen, and rank among the first-class manufacturers the Miami Valley. LELAND & DAUGHERTY. The foundation for this large and prosperous business was laid in If - by W. P. Callahan, Thomas McGregor, James Daugherty and Henry Fisi under the firm name of McGregor, Fisher & Co. Three years after comm< ing operations, the two former parties retired from the firm, and the two la conducted the business until February, 1873, when Lyman W. Lelanl ] chased Mr. Fisher’s interest, and the firm assumed its present name. Mr. land had previously been in charge of the machinery department of the Bar & Smith Car Works for twenty years, and thoroughly understood the basin The shops of this firm are located at Nos. 1002-4-6 East Third sti’eet, wi they do a general boiler and heavy sheet-iron business. They lease the grok but own the buildings occupied. They employ an average of fifteen mes the business, and do a large amount of work for the force employed. The make a specialty of tank work, and have furnished a large number of tank firms all over Western Ohio. Mr. Daugherty is a No. 1 boiler-maker, and charge of that part of the work, while Mr. Leland Supervises the office v and trade of the firm. m’hose & LYON. The business carried on by this firm was started by the senior membe 1868, in a small room on Canal, between Third and Fourth streets, with 'jj assistant. In 1872, Mi - . McHose commenced the manufacture of iron rail' and five years later Mr. Lyon became a partner, the firm assuming its prej title. The new firm removed to a room 80x70 feet, in the new neighborh In 1879, they commenced making iron fronts, and in August of the year lowing, removed to their present quarters, at the foot of Ludlow street, w. they started a foundry. They occupy five buildings — one three-story struct 51x30, another 15x60, two-story; one 20x50, one 51x120, and one 62x80 a tion to foundry. From an investment o-f $75, and one assistant at first, firm has increased the business to such an extent as to employ fifty men, a average salary of $1.75 per day each, with a required capital of $50,000. j NEFF & BENNETT. This firm purchased their business from a Mr. Foster about 1850> They occupy a one and two-story brick and frame structure, 150x50 feel the hydraulic canal, between Fifth and Wayne streets. They employ tw men, and manufacture from four hundred to six hundred tons of stoves ,i hollow iron ware, per annum. Their office and salesroom is located on the ; side of Main, between Third and Fourth streets. SMITH, VAIL & CO. This enterprise was founded in 1874, by Walter W. Smith and Job: Yail. They first located in a portion of the Woodsum Machine Compi. building, where they remained until the summer of 1881. They then ere a two-story brick structure, 250x60, with an L 60x60, a foundry 60x60, two core ovens, each 20x30, one story high. The firm manufacture s pumps and hydraulic machinery, and are constructors of water- works mao CITY OF DAYTON. 619 They employ eighty men in the shops, and have a trade averaging 13,000 per annum. Among the many jobs of machinery put up by this firm .'the water- works machinery at Red Oak, Iowa, Lancaster, Ohio, Joplin, [. and Waco, Tex. Mr. Smith has charge of the office, and Mr. Vail of the . hinery department. STILWELL & BIERCE MANUFACTURING COMPANY. This important feature of Dayton’s industrial establishments was inaugu- id in 1866, by E. R. Stilwell and George N. Bierce. They first occupied irtion of the old Marshall property, on the corner of Pine and Short streets, Are they remained until 1870. During this time their trade had been rap- ; and permanently increasing, and in the latter year th -y purchased a piece property on the Dayton View Hydraulic, and erected their present shops, at st of over $30,000. The main building is 140x40, two stories; foundry, 140, one story; blacksmith and roller mill shop, 160x40, two stories, all e g constructed of brick. The same year it was decided to organize a com- ay, which was done, and incorporated, with a capital of $200,000. The ; r ent officers of the company are: President, E. R. Stilwell; Treasurer, R. Ting; Secretary, George N. Bierce. This company manufactures the“Vic- >; and “Eclipse” turbine water wheels, and Stilwell’s patent lime extracting he er and filter. In 1881, they added the manufacture of Odell’s roller mill ) iieir business. This latter machine was patented by E. H. Odell, and is the e| process for crushing wheat for flour mills by gradual reduction. It is an nortant and long needed invention, and before many years will entirely su- it 1 iede the old process of grinding by buhr stones. The trade of this firm ex- ■i s in all parts of the world, large shipments being weekly made to foreign u s. During the Centennial exhibition, the company fitted up a heater and timne wheel in the Machinery Building, both of which received medals from ]' Examining Committee. The firm furnished three fifty-five inch turbine Ylfels for the Washburn “A” mills, and Pillsbury “A” mill, at Minneapolis, in., the largest flour mills in the world, which are driven by forty-five feet i head water,” each wheel developing from 1,200 to 1,400 horse power, iy manufacture turbine wheels from six inches to six feet in diameter, and nj'apidly supplying all mills of any size in the Union. Their annual trade i hardly be estimated, but will foot up in the hundreds of thousands. STOUT, MILLS & TEMPLE. Among the large list of manufactories contained in this volume, but few fipetter known to the commercial world than Stout, Mills & Temple, and, as b' leading representative of one of Dayton industries, they deserve more than a ing notice, and we gladly accord them such space as the magnitude of the n rprise entitles them to. The firm, as now organized, has been engaged in • machinery and foundry business for over twenty-eight, years, and are the lessors of the first shop of the kind established in Dayton. The latter was ' T27. The Globe Iron Works, owned and operated by the above firm, are x;ed at the foot of Ludlow street, where they have a frontage of 400 feet, 11 cover altogether several acres of ground. - The buildings are of brick, with mnsions as follows: Main building, 267x50, 100 feet of which is two stories ' *{] ; foundry, 130x50; paint shop, blacksmith shop and warehouses. The -lyral machine shop is fitted up with slide lathes, upright boring and facing U13 > gear cutters, made for cutting either spur, bevel, mitered wheels or wood u with the greatest accuracy ; planers, slotting and milling machines; up- Tt drills and a number of smaller machines, many of which were designed a built to meet the special wants in the business of the firm. The general 620 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. and convenient arrangements of this model machine shop deserves special m tion. The lathes, planers and other machine tools are located with refere to each other, that no time is lost in moving unfinished parts of the work h one machine to another. This arrangement enables the work to progress wi out any loss of time. An important feature is the large number of crai with traveling carriages, for handling heavy machinery, there being fourt of these so arranged that not only the large lathes, planers and boring ns can be reached, but the upright drills also. There is an overhead railway, feet in length, by means of which one of the great turbine wheels, or ot heavy completed machinery can by two men be raised clear of obstrncti< carried the length of the railway, and placed on cart or dray for shhvmi The machinery for these works is driven by motive power from one of the ebrated American turbine water wheels, built by the firm, and located in engine and water wheel house, south of the main building. The fount cupola and core ovens are fitted up especially for heavy castings. The patf rooms are provided with all the improved wood working machinery, mot and designs. The warehouses are used for general finishing and paint, wl and the blacksmith shop is large and plentifully supplied with light, twenty years this firm has manufactured the American turbine water whee being one of the first turbine wheels made in the West. Study, experie: energy and business integrity have succeeded in placing the name of this f and the goods they turn out, in the front rank among American manufactu and industries. They make a turbine wheel from thirteen to eighty- inches in diameter, and have succeeded in placing them in thousands of itj. throughout the Union and foreign lands. A number of their wheels are ini: in the great mills at Minneapolis, Minn., one of which in the “ Washbui mill ” is sixty inches in diameter, and yields about one thousand -horse po i One of the celebrated wheels manufactured by this firm is in use in a mi Niagara Falls. It is forty-eight inches in diameter, and is at present yield 1.150 horse-power, which they claim to be the largest amount of power duced from the same sized wheel west of the Alleghauies. In addict; building turbine wheels, the firm is extensively engaged in the manufactin paper, flour and saw-mill machinery, and are general mill furnishers, office is a neat brick structure, located across the street, directly opposite main building. W. p. CALLAIIAN A CO- The works owned and conducted by the above-named firm were establn in 1841. by C. Thompson, on Shawnee, between Wayne and Wyandotte str Mr. Thompson was succeeded by Parrott & McGregor in 1852, and tilt- 1856, by Thompson, McGregor & Co., W. P. Callahan being the “C3o.”|j J 864. the firm name was changed to McGregor & Callahan, and remainc such until 1868. when Mr. Callahan became sole proprietor, and in b Thomas Dearman became copartner, which changed the firm name to its ], ent title. The business was removed to its present quarters in 1856, Wj they now occupy a three-story brick building, 50x100 feet, a two-story, 50sj and a two-story brick structure, also 50x100 feet in size. The firm emj eighty to one hundred men in the business, and their sales average $125,001 annum. They manufacture linseed and cotton seed oil machinery, steau gines, mill gearing, shafting, pulleys, etc. JOYCE, CRIDLAND & CO. This firm established a factory in the shops of W. P. Callahan, on : Third street, in 1877, for the manufacture of levers and screw-jacks, began in a small way, but by close ajoplication, soon developed a fair busi CITY OF DAYTON. 621 i ie fall of 1881, the firm leased a building on the corner of Wyandotte rt and the railroad, v which they fitted up for a general machine shop. Apart occupied by them is a two-storied brick structure, with a basement, iiln the rear of this is a frame building, which they have leased for the ront, to other parties. Their shops contain the best class of machinery ]ithey are prepared to do any sort of work in their line, as well as supply , trade with their well-known and celebrated screw-jack. MILLS FLOUR, PAPER, OIL, COTTON, ETC. Among the many manufacturing industries of the country, and their name gion, none can take precedence of the manufacture of flour, a fact easily ted when it is so well known that in all new countries, the first industry is Hour-mill. No matter how remote from civilization, it seems the one thing dispensable. Dayton is well represented in this particular, enjoying not some of the best mills in the country, but also some of the largest. i ng them are the following: BANNER MILLS. This mill is owned and operated by Jost Durst & Son, who took posses- in 1879. It was originally an old stone mill, and first started in 1847. h Durst piu-chased the property of Mr. Poock, in 1879, and erected the rjent structure, which is of brick, four stories and a basement, The mill is tip. up with nine run of stones, and seven sets of rolls. The machinery is tpiated by steam, the motive power being an 18x36 Buckeye engine, with 165 ) e-power, and two tubular boilers. The mill is run day and night, and has opacity of 275 barrels of flour per each twenty-four hours. This product > i lipped throughout the union, with a fair amount sold to local trade. In election with the mill and adjoining it, is the Dayton City Elevator, also 'ducted by Mr. Durst. This structure was erected in 1868, and is 40x110 - in size, with an engine and boiler-room in the basement. The machinery - ropelled by the mill-engine. The elevator contains thirty-six bins, with a aicity of 3,000 bushels each; two corn shelters, with capacity of 400 bushels 't hour; five hominy mills, and one corn-meal feed mill. The grain received lipped by rail to the Eastern and Southern markets. Mr. Durst employs 1 if en men in the mill proper, and eight men in the elevator. COMMERCIAL MILLS. This mill was erected in 1847, by Daniel Beckel, at its present site, but i originally a small affair, of less capacity than 100 barrels per day. In ^), the mill was purchased by D. Eichelbarger, who operated it until the ter of 1854-55. Gebhart Brothers then took possession, and in 1865, were ■eeded by the present firm, Simon Gebhart & Sons. In 1870, the latter it enlarged the mill to its present proportions. It is located on the north | of East Third street, and is a four-story brick structure, 90x110 feet in 1 The mill is fitted up regardless of expense, and contains all the latest "roved mill machinery. Flour is made by the Jonathan Mills reduction "less, and the machinery is operated by a 150-horse-power engine. The " use both steam and water in making this product, and their mill has a ca- "uty of 450 to 500 barrels per day of twenty-four hours. This large amount lorn - is mostly sold in the Eastern markets. DAYTON CITY MILLS. These are the pioneer mills of Dayton, and were erected by Horace Pease. fdo/5, they were purchased by Gebhart, Polk & Co., and in 1879, by Joseph 622 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. R. Gebhart, who soon afterward admitted his son, Harry 0., as a partner, line! the firm name of J. It. Gebhart & Son. The mill is 50x70 feet, three and half stories high, and contains five run of buhr-stones. The machinery is c erated by water-power from the Cooper Hydraulic, and the firm employ fi men. They do both merchant and custom work, and make about 600 barn of Hour per week. This is sold mostly in Dayton and vicinity, and the i mainder shipped to New York and Pennsylvania. DAYTON VIEW MILLS. These mills were erected about 1869, by Tate, and was opera! by Snyder Brothers & Co. for some time. It was- finally disposed of at Shi iff ’s sale and passed into the hands of the present firm, C. B. Palmer & G October 19, 1881. The proprietors, C. B. Palmer and T. L. Boiler, were fi merly in the mill business at Lockland, Hamilton County, Ohio. They ha lately refitted up the mill, and are making three good grades of flour. T mill structure is of frame, 35x65, three stories and basement. It contai four run of buhr-stones, and four sets of latest improved pattern of rol The mill is located on the Dayton View Hydraulic, and is run day and night, water-power. The firm grind wheat only, and make 110 barrels of flour eai twenty- four hours. This product is sold in Dayton, Cincinnati, and the N« England States. EXCHANGE MILL. This mill was formerly used as a gun-factory, but first put into operatii as a grist-mill about 1850, by Conrad Ilondenour & Brother. This firm d posed of the property to H. Gerdes & Co., in 1865, E. H. Bruns, the prese proprietor, being the “Co.” This latter took possession in 1875, and e larged the mill to its present proportions. It is now a large, three-story brie 55x55 feet in size, and the machinery is operated by an overshot water-whei located to the rear of the mill, on the Upper Hydraulic. The firm employs s men, and the mill has a capacity of fifty barrels of flour per day, for ten mont in the year. Mr. Bruns has about $10,000 invested in the business. LUDLOW STAR MILLS. These mills were commenced by Jost Durst in 1874. The structure located at the south end of Ludlow street, and is a three-story brick buildii 40x100 feet in size, with a frame storeroom 40x100, two stories. The capit invested at first was something under $10,000, and the yearly capacity l0,0t barrels per year. Mr. Charles Durst, a son of the proprietor, now has charge this mill, and there are about $25,000 invested in the business, with an avera ; capacity of from sixty to seventy barrels per day. OREGON MILLS. These mills were built in 1833. Mr. Joseph Ivratochwill, the present pr prietor, established his present business in 1854, in a building opposite ti Osceola Mills. Six years later, he removed his business to Trotwood, but aft a few months returned to Dayton. In 1861, he came into possession of < present structure, and has been alone in business since 1864. The mills a located on the corner of Sixth and Canal streets, and is of brick and fram 40x130, four stories and basement. The mills are furnished with only oi run of buhr-stones, the remainder being sixty-four pair of rollers, of both icc and foreign make. The machinery is operated by both water and steam powe an overshot and turbine wheel for the former, and an engine of 200 hors power for the latter. The firm employs twenty-eight men in the business, an their daily product is almost 500 barrels per day — this being the largest dai CITY OP DAYTON. 623 )( . c t in Montgomery County. This flour is sold mostly at Pittsburgh, Penn., i Washington, D. C. Mr. Kratochwill also owns the OSCEOLA MILLS. his structure was erected by L. and S. Wollaston, in 1858, and is a brick ling 80x60, four stories and basement, fifty-two feet high in front, and > isement on the canal fourteen feet more. It was fitted up with three run 1 hrs, two of which were in operation both day and night, making from to seventy barrels of flour per day. They had one overshot wheel sup- lieSwith water from the Cooper Hydraulic. Mr. Wollaston disposed of his e'st to T. A. Phillips, and the latter to a Mr. Sylvester Wollaston, who jk it over to its present owner. At present the mill is not in operation, being fitted up for storerooms. PAPER. C. L. HAWS. his gentleman is a manufacturer of straw and tar boards for book-bind- <1 box-makers. He established the business in partnership with William i r on the Mad River, seven miles from Dayton, in 1853, having an office tl city. They first manufactured straw boards and wrapping paper, and h ills had a capacity of about 400 tons per year. They remained in that trim twelve years, and in 1864 purchased twenty acres of land in North ■ m, where the present mills were erected. William Clark was a full part- i the business, the firm name being Clark & Haws. It remained as such ihanuary 1, 1872, when Mr. Haws purchased the entire stock and trade of fin. The firm owns three mills — one makes binders, tar and cloth boards, 1 the other two turn out only straw board — each having a capacity of six s er day. Foot steam engines are required to rim the powerful machinery lie mills — 250, 150, 25 and 20 horse-power respectively. The boilers for be kger engine are three in number, each twenty- two feet long, and fifty- riches in diameter. This engine was made by the Buckeye Engine Com- > of Salem, Ohio. A gas house is located near the mills, and generates all fs used by this immense establishment. When Clark & Haws first started jisiness, they made only 106 tons of paper the first year, and their sales for me period were $5,500. The product for 1881 was 3,855 tons, being ^ two months in the year, which if running full time would have in- ■ iS[l this to 4,000 tons. The sales for the same time were $220,000, a self- bt fact of the reward for toil, perseverance, and close study of the wants 1 trade. Mr. Haws’ trade extends all over the Union and Canada, but t in the West. Orders are rapidly filled, requiring no traveling salesmen 3r t ' house, this item alone being a big saving in expenses. About 1 50 men instant employment in these mills, and, as the city is too far away, have t lemselves cottages near by, thus forming a happy and contented com- n of people. These are the only mills in the Union that manufacture 1 hses of bookbinder’s and box-makers tar, cloth and straw board, and are upfc extensive mills of this kind in the world. The capacity for 1882 will 1 'iiteen tons per day. MEAD PAPEK COMPANY. j 16 paper mill owned and operated by this company was begun in 1846, ' bl, Claflin & Co., who erected a part of the present structure. They were u.led in 1858 by Mead & AVeston, and they, in 1866, by the Mead & Nixon - 11 ’t Company, which was incorporated in 1872, with a capital stock of $250,- 624 HISTOltY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 000. These works have had in connection with them a chemical pulp machii by which they made annually 2,000,000 pounds of wood p ip, and also a covery furnace, eighty-two feet in length, for recovering the chemicals used reducing the wood to pulp, there being only two other mills in the entire W having a pulp and recovering apparatus. In July, 1881, the firm name v changed to the Mead Paper Company, Thomas Nixon retiring and W. P. Le assuming his place as manager and part owner of the mill. The new firm hf erected an addition of 90x100, three stories high, on the north side of the ori nal structure and adjoining the same. They have also remodeled the interi added new machinery and repaired the old. until to-day this mill stands ur valed in Ohio. The main building is of brick, 100x180, the front halfl which is four stories in height; on the east are four one-storied boiler and st age rooms, three of which are brick, and on the south of the main structure the old chemical wood pulp mill, 80x100, three stories high, which the firm tend fitting up the coming summer as an addition to the present paper rn the company having discontinued the manufacture of chemical wood pi They employ 125 hands, and manufacture about 2,250,000 pounds of bo news, tea and other paper annually, which is sold entirely in the western n kets. The driving power and its machinery is all on the first floor, also office, some storerooms and the finishing room, 40x80 ; on the second floor the rag paper engines, paper machines and l’otary bleachers ; the third floo used for assorting the rags, and the fourth for storing raw material. The i chinery, which is complete in every particular, is propelled by both water steam power. For this purpose the mill is supplied with two turbine wa wheels, one 300-horse-power engine, and one 100-horse-power engine passing through this mill the acute observer is forcibly struck by the thorod systematic and clock-like regularity which exists throughout every depart.nr i and is forced to the conclusion that here may be found a fitting example of telligent, energetic and sirccessful business enterprise of which Dayton may justly proud. The mill is located on Second and Front streets, and inolu[ the office and salesroom. RUTLEDGE & COMPANY. This firm is composed of Mark and George Rutledge — father and so who own and operate a paper mill located on the Upper Hydraulic, present business was inaugurated in 1844, by Ells & McGregor, in a si frame building on the present site of the mills. They continued the busi till 1858, when they were succeeded by Ells & Claflin. Soon after, the prop was purchased by Charles Mapother, who operated the mill one year, and f sold it to George Rutledge. lu 1867, his father, Mark Rutledge, becari partner, and the business has since been carried on under the present firm nsj. In 1864, Mr. Rutledge erected a brick building, and additions were mad the mill in 1872 and 1880. It is now 130x110 feet in size, and two stories l 1 The firm manufacture wrapping paper only, and use about six tpns of straw d;|. Thirty-six men are employed in the mill, the machinery of which ie ru: water and steam power. Sales are made in wholesale and job lots, the gr< part going to Cincinnati. This is probably the pioneer pajrer mill of T gomery County. . THOMAS NIXON This factory for the manufacture of paper bags, was established byN & Co. -W. O. Anderson being the “Company” — in 1873, on Foundry st: The present firm came into possession of the stock and trade in 1876, ant' moved the mill to its present location, corner First and Mill streets, in b The building formerly occupied was a three-story brick, 30x75 feet in size, <| a contrast to the present one which is of the same material, four stories 1, CITY - OF DAYTON. 627 , ts dimensions 100x78 feet. The firm employs ten men and sixty girls, vag an invested capital of $40,000, with annual sales amounting to $100, - 1 Their factory is supplied with all the latest improved machinery, giving ■ a capacity of 350,000 bags per day. The paper used in these bags is made eir own mill at Richmond, Ind. , and shipj^ed to Dayton. VALLEY CITY PAPER MILL. This mill, which is one of the most complete in the State, was erected by . Levis in 1874. It is a substantial brick structure, 100x50 feet in size, t smaller buildings attached, located on the corner of Water and Foundry 4:s. They employ twenty-seven men in the mill, the machinery of which pelled by power supplied from a 125 horse-power engine. The product s mill is sold mostly in the central and southern portions of the Union. OIL. GEBHART, POPE & COMPANY. "he business of this firm was established in 1832, by Parrott & Clegg, t< vas succeeded by Parrott & Son, and they, in 1866, by the present firm. u have always occupied the same building on the canal, between Third and L ; eh streets. It is a three story brick, 57x72, and was formerly used as a tji mill. They employ twelve men, with occasional additions, as business rinds. They buy and ship their flax seed from Indiana and Kansas. They ’ about $100,000 invested in the business, and produce annually about 200,- allons of linseed oil. JOSIAH GEBHART & COMPANY. ’his company own the white lead works, which are located on the corner ' sond and Front streets. The business was established in 1880, by Josiah art, D. Calvin Floyd and Charles W. Gebhart, under the present firm The main building, which was formerly used as a bagging factory in anufacture of bagging used for covering cotton, is of brick, 50x100 feet in wo stories high. The firm manufacture white lead and colors, making > . 1,000 tons of the former per annum. Some twenty men are employed in irks, and one traveling salesman on the road. The machinery for these was made by Pool & Hunt, of Baltimore, expressly for this firm, at a cost 11 !30,000. The machinery is propelled by a 50-horse-power engine. As ' the only manufactory of this kind in Montgomery County, and a business nich very little is known, probably the process of making will be interest- 1 our many readers. The pig lead is purchased in St. Louis, Mo., and i a and Chicago, 111. The pig lead is first placed in a large kettle, located I hot furnace, and heated till thoroughly melted. It is then dipped by a ' and placed on a flat iron surface, where it is made into “ buckles ” some- a resembling an old fashioned waffle. The buckles are then carried to the i ling houses and placed in stone jars, each capable of holding twelve and A pounds of lead. These jars are placed in tiers, and the space between II with tan bark and manure. After some days, it is taken out iu a cor- '' form and drawn to the top of the building on an inclined plane. It is " 'laced in a separator, which separates the blue from the corroded lead, o the separator it drops to a machine on the floor below where it is screened, ■i placed in the receivers and from there to another machine on the first Fund floor, where it is ground in water. It is then pumped up in large M tanks, the water drawn off ; and the pulpy mass then placed in large :’K kilns for drying. There are two kilns used, one 8x80 feet in size, ten 628 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. inches deep — the other 8x40 feet in size — both costing over $4,000; while ii kilns, the lead is separated by a large rake into small cakes, for faster dp These cakes are then placed in a large machine, circular in form, linsee added and thoroughly mixed. It then drops through a long tube to ant machine, where the mixing process is completed. From this machine placed in kegs, headed up and consigned to the cellar, ready for shipn The lead is placed in tin and wooden kegs, weighing from twelve arid a h.i 1,000 pounds. There are eight mills used for mixing ochers and Venetian which, after prepared for use, are put into iron buckets and placed besidi lead, ready for shipment. The kegs used by this company are made in P sylvania and Cincinnati, expressly for the business. The trade of the in very large, extending all over the Union, and their orders are so numerous large as to keep the mills busy continually. THE DAYTON FLAX MILL. This business was founded in 1865, by E. D. Payne, as the Dayton Company (successor to the old “Dayton Flax Company”), on the corn First and Front streets, on the Upper Hydraulic. The mill was a two- building, 30x64, with a large building of wood and brick for storing stra tached. Business proved very successful for nine years. Mr. Payne closed the mill and purchased an interest, in the Woodsum Machine Corny but two years later resurrected the old business as the Excelsior Flax Mill was operated as such till August, 1881, when the name was changed to its ent one. The same year Mr. Payne added a building, 40x40, two stories, used as a corn, hominy and feed mill. The flax mill is furnished with >Sai & Mallory’s brakes, and other machinery of the best make. The mill mam ures tow and flax moss. Straw is obtained from the farmers in the vicini Dayton. The feed mill is provided with a sheller, French buhr-stone, hoi mill and feed crusher. About 400 tons of tow are annually manufactun the flax mill. THRESHER & COMPANY. This firm are manufacturers of varnishes, japans and boiled linseed also dealers in linseed oil. The business was established in 1859, 1 Thresher & Co., who were succeeded by the present company in 1874. members of the firm are J. B., E. M. & Albert Thresher. Their varnisl tory is located out of the city, but the company have had an office and i room at 135 East Third street, since the founding of the trade. This if < the pioneer varnish companies of Montgomery County, and they have succi in building up a trade equal in volume to that of any company in the They manufacture goods of the best quality, and sell their products all ovi Union. TOWER VARNISH COMPANY. This business was founded, January 24, 1868, by Charles F. T formerly with the Thresher Varnish and Oil Company. On the date mentioned, a company was formed, the incorporators being Charles F. I AVilliam (4. Lewis, Charles H. Ham, James D. Sturgis and Joseph B. II The capital stock was $50,000. The company was given its present nan| soon after purchased a piece of ground at 1250 East First street, 60x1 size, erected buildings thereon, and commenced the manufacture of va japans and boiled oils. This company operated the business about a| and were succeeded by Gebhart, Pope & Co., and they by W. K. Eckert disposed of the business to the present firm in 1878. The officers of the pany are the same as when first organized — President, Charles F. I Vice President, Joseph Gebhart. The compauy formerly did a busin CITY OF DAYTON. 629 J 000 annually. Some years ago, Mr. Tower discontinued the boiling- and riling- of oils, and since that Hme has manufactured chiedy Tower’s linseed I {riet, a liquid preparation for the drying of oils, and was the originator in the manufacture of this commodity for the use of crushers. As such, they ;pjiy the principal oil trade, and need no traveling salesmen, yet one is kept e road for the introduction of the drier and them varnishes. Three men irejtnployed in the mill, and one book-keeper and clerk. The firm use 100 to . ( pairels of turpentine per month, and make about 1,000 barrels of the ii< annually. WOOD, ARCHER & CO. The mill owned by this firm was started by Clegg & Wood, as a linseed ill. in 1868. In 1874. the firm name was changed to Clegg, Wood &Co., fr engine. T. A. PHILLIPS & SON. These works are the pioneer cotton mills of the Yalley City. They were ijaated by Eastern capitalists, among whom were Robert Buchanan. Will- 'iind Josh York. John T. Levis and George Graham, the latter being the L nnati philanthropist, whose death was so deeply lamented, and memory 1 Y?d with honors by the people of his native city. The works were erected C ( 1833, and passed into the possession of T. A. Phillips in May, 1844. ! ‘ mill is a four-story brick, 45x110, built in a most substantial man- I 11 is fitted up with 3,500 spindles and other machinery in propor- 51 Cotton is purchased in Cincinnati, and from 100 to 200 bales are 1 ! - constantly on hand. Some twenty-five bales are used weekly in the a lecture of carpet warp, white and colored, light and heavy twine, lamp- lc sm gle yarn, etc. In addition to the main building, there is a wing, en- - T), ware and dye-houses. The propelling power for the machinery is ob- ud from a twenty- foot overshot water-wheel, located on the Cooper Hy- '" a ! lc - Sales are made mostly in Ohio and Indiana. The company was in- II rated in 1874, with a capital of $80,000. The senior member of the 630 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. firm is now deceased, bu r his son, Charles A., continues the business under old firm name. DAYTON WOOLEN MILLS. The business operated under the above name was founded in 1860, by Curtis, on the corner of Fifth and Canal streets. This firm was succeeded Curtis & Fish, who, in 1872, removed the. mills to the south end of Lud street, adjoining Stout, Mills & Temple. The next purchasers of them were Faulkner & Co., who continued the business until May, 1879, when present proprietors, J. H. & James S. Wild, took possession under the firm n: of J. 11. Wild & Co In March, 1881, the mills were removed to 326 I First street, now occupying three floors in the southeast wing of the old (Jo win Hotel, owned by Pinneo & Daniels. The firm employ ten hands in mills, and manufacture all kinds of yarns, blankets, flannels, cassimeres, s nets and jeans. Sales average $20,000 per annum, but for this year (18! the capacity of the mills will be increased to such an extent as to manufaet a larger amount of goods than formerly turn'ed out. A market for the j duction of these mills is found in local trade, Ohio and the neighboring Sta Mr. J. H. Wild has the personal supervision of the mills. BREWERS AND MALTSTERS. (TTY BREWERY. This brewery is owned and operated by Jacob Stickle, and is locate* the junction of Brown and Warren streets. The brewery was erected by Ht Ferneding in 1859. After passing through several hands, in 1868 it was ( up at public sale, and purchased by its present proprietor. The building that time was of brick, two stories high, and 54x150 feet in size. It remai as such until the summer of 1881, when Mr. Stickle enlarged it to its prefl dimensions at a cost of $8,000. It it now three and a half stories high, fitted up with all the latest and best appliances for the manufacture of cooling beverage. The ice houses in connection have a storing capacit 2.000 tons, and the beer cellars of 3,000 barrels. The first year in the b ness Mr. Stickle made 4,000 barrels of beer, but has increased his trade tc 000 barrels annually. The making of this large amount requires ten n and several teams for delivery. The beer is sold in Dayton and vicin The business of this firm is in charge of William Stickle, son of the prietor. The business runs about $60,000 annually. DAYTON VIEW BREWERY. This important feature of the industrial enterprises of Dayton is ow by Colestine Schwind. The business was founded many years ago, and: careful management, closest attention to every detail of the business, Schwind has increased his trade from a modest beginning to its present 1 proportions. The main building, or brewery proper, is 80x70. two stories a cellar; two ice houses, one 60x60 and the other 50x56, capable of storing 000 tons of ice (three years’ supply), one double malt kiln, 18x24, all of w!j are constructed of brick, and fitted up with every convenience for the can on of the immense business operated by this firm. A brief description ofj interior arrangements of this brewery will, perhaps, be interesting. On second story, and just over the malting cellers, are the hops and barley ro delay. The Rev. James Welsh was the first pastor, and continued with the con- ation for thirteen years, and was succeeded by the Rev. Backus Wilbur, 1 died here after preaching a year and a half. Rev. Ahab preached for Ayears; Rev. William Graham, three years; vacancy, two years; Rev. Frank- 1 . utnam, eight years; Rev. James C. Barnes, nine years; Rev. William C. Person, four years; Rev. Pliineas D. Gurley, four years; Rev. James H. 'b'kes, four years; Rev. Thomas E. Thomas, twelve years; vacancy, one year; 640 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Rev. John McVey, two and a half years; vacancy a year and a half; Rev R. Smith, foiu’ years; Rev. Mr. DeVeuve is now pastor. The following is the list of Ruling Elders; First session, May 18(1 John McKaig, John Ritchie, James Hanna. May 1807, John Ritchie, James Hanna, John Miller, Robert Parks. Before 1817, John Ewing was made an Elder, and shortly after the fii brick chtu-ch was completed William King, Sr., was added to the session. 1821 — Hr. Job Haines. 1823 — O. B. Conover. 1829 — David Osborn, Dr. John Steele, Matthew Patton. 1836 — Peter Odlin, Charles C. Patterson. 1840 — James Steele, Samuel M. King, Charles H. Spinning. 1846 — Joseph Barnett, Henry Stoddard, Sr. 1850 — Henry L. Brown, John Morehouse, Dr. George Green. 1853— E. A. More, H. S. Williams. 1857 — Dr. C. McDermont, Francis Mulford. 1864 — Y. Y. Wood, Isaac Haas, Leonard Moore 1874 — J. F. Edgar. William A. Baraett. 1878 — C. U. Raymond, A. F. Payne. 1879 — E. A. Parrott. J. H. Thomas. Organization April 1, 1881. Elders — Francis Mulford, J. F. Edgar, C. U. Raymond, A. F. Pay W. A. Barnett, E. A. Parrott, John H. Thomas. Deacons — O. P. Boyer, Joseph D. Dubois, D. A. Bradford, D. W. St* art, Houston Lowe. Trustees — John W. Stoddard, William Craighead, Samuel B. Smith, I. Cummin. Hugh Conover was elected to the office of Treasurer. THIRD STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. During the early period of the ministry of the Rev. J. C. Barnes, in First Presbyterian Church of this city, the harmony of the Presbyter Church in the United States was disturbed by a controversy that arose am< its leading members and resulted, in 1838, in separating the church into 1 branches, known as the New and Old School. The First Church of Day contributed a colony to the New School organization. This colony consis of seventy-five members, under the lead of Peter Odlin, Esq. , and Dr. Jc Steele, both Elders of the First Church. On the 11th of March, 1838, fii’st session meeting of this church was held under the Dayton Presbytery, ? School. Rev. B. Graves was appointed Moderator, and Dr. John Steele : Peter Odlin, Elders. Forty-nine of the above-named number enrolled w women. At once, steps were taken toward the building of a church John Steele, Peter Odlin and Nathaniel Wilson were appointed a build committee, sixty-one subscriptions, ranging from $7 to $500, having been gi to the building fund. Ground to the extent of 100x200 feet, on the sot east corner of Third and Ludlow streets, was purchased for $2,700, and I same year (1838) thereon a two-story brick building was commenced, wh was finished in 1840, and cost about $15,000. The basement of the chu was occupied in March, 1839, and on the 25th of March, 1840, the church j dedicated to the service of God, Dr. Lyman Beecher, then of Lane Se nary, officiating. The first Pastor of the church was Rev, Randolph Sti whose salary was $800. In 1840, Rev. John Hall was called, who served u 1852. He was succeeded by Rev. G. P. Tyndall, whose pastorate contini until 1857. When the church was finished there remained on it a deb CITY OF DAYTON. 641 7X)0, which was not liquidated until 1855. For two years and a half fol- o r ixg the ministry of Rev. G. P. Tyndall, the church was without a Pastor, ii pulpit being supplied by Drs. Allen, Smith and Day, from Lane Seminary, y 858, twenty-two feet were added to the length of the building at a cost of 4 50. The next Pastor of the church was Rev. S. G. Spees, and following \i, in 1865, was Rev. Rollin A. Sawyer, who remained until 1870. This -e> ; an organ was purchased, costing $6,000, and $3,765 put on the church in f-elirs. Rev. J. H. Montgomery, the present incumbent of the pastorate, as- aed his duties in 1871, at a salary of $3,000 per annum. In 1874, a chapel Wi erected in the rear of the church. It is of stone, gothic style, 50x90 feet iaize, with a spire in front, and cost $16,000. In the rear of the chapel is iched a kitchen, for festivals, socials, etc. The present officers of the ifrch are: D. Keifer, H. Strickler, R. W. Steele, P. Smith, W. S. Phelps, ayV. Davies, J. H. Winters and E. A. Daniel, Elders; W. F. Comly, John Da- D. Carroll and G. M. Dixon, Deacons. Membership, 375. The Sabbath school was organized soon after the organization of the A rch, with Dr. John Steele as Superintendent. The attendance is now about i; with J. H. Winters, Superintendent. In April, 1880, the old church building was torn down and the present nosing edifice began, which is now (April, 1882) almost ready for occu- py. It is constructed of stone, and is of the old English gothic type, and . ujjests, in the general outline, some of the old cathedral architecture. The eral doors make the church very easy of access, and from the corridors it is Lha few steps to the farthest side pews. It is beautifully frescoed, and the lioi’ inclines gradually to the pulpit, so that the minister can be seen from apart of the church. The pews will be arranged in circular form. The rpit will be three feet above the door, with the choir and organ back of it. k r s of black walnut, carved to conform to the circular manner in which they r arranged. The style of the interior is the Queen Ann gothic, that trans- its into curves and arches the sharp points and angles of the pure gothic. 1 ceiling proper is finished in blue, studded with stars and in Ecru panels, nil floral work. The windows are of rolled cathedral glass, of which there r but two or three specimens in this part of the country. The auditorium v; 1 be lighted by two sunburners suspended from the ceiling; one burner has •i ity-fivo jets and the other sixty-five; and they are lighted by an electric 7ii. The building will cost, when completed, about $65,000, and will be of the most beautiful places of worship in the West. At one corner of 1 building is a massive tower, surmounted by a tall spire, and within the °F is hung the bell from the old church. The church is connected with h chapel by a corridor. Its seating capacity will be 750. THE PARK PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. This church is the outgrowth of a colony of thirty members that left the ’ t Presbyterian Church, November 13, 1851. and formed themselves into 7 |t was then called the Presbyterian Church Mission. In 1851, a lot was piphased by them, on Second street, near the northeast corner of Second and llison streets, and a church built thereon at an expense of $4,000. It was • r o-story brick church, very plain, with a low, square-topped tower. It was located to the service of God by the Rev. Kemper on the 13th day of March p-o- i- u the same month the name of the church was changed to the “Third npbyterian Church.” After the organization of the colony, John More- 1(1 and Joseph Barnett, were elected Elders, and John F. Edgar and Joseph 3 nett, Jr., Deacons. The pulpit of the new church was filled by Rev. P. D. purchased and conveyed to J. W. Griswold, that the preacher in charge ■ quested to appoint a new Board of Trustees, to obtain a deed according ■ e discipline of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Daniel Coffin, Thomas ullivan and J. W. Griswold were appointed a committee to estimate the of the new meeting-house. The new Board of Trustees were author - e to enter into arrangements with William Worrell, so as to secure funds which to build the house. The first Board of Trustees were John Chase, Dr. W. L. Williams, Jere- . [). Thomas Collett, William A. Bobinson, Edward T. Wells and Lucien Clark. it! of these, Drs. Crum and Smith, were recalled and served each a second •i . The church is entirely free from debt, has a firm hold on the sympa- : i;; of the people of that portion of the city, and exercises a very great in- iiice in Methodism. DAVISSON METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUHCH. The church society denominated Davisson Methodist Episcopal Church, locat- j i West Dayton, on the southwest corner of Fourth and Broadway, was organ - 3t, by the Methodists of Dayton in 1854, it being the third Methodist Episcopal . lech established in the city. In J anuary of that year, the Bev. W. Fitzger- ioyas appointed minister in charge. Soon thereafter, a one-story brick edi- t ciwas erected, at a cost of $2,500. The church was so named in honor of £ D. D . Davisson, who did much toward its erection. We cannot give a : irjlete list of the Pastors of the church, but will mention those at our com- if cl. The church was still a mission in 1857, when the pulpit was filled by e G. H. Kennedy, who served the congregation two years. At a later period, hi congregation, with the one at Ebenezer, constituted the charge for one or v years, then for several years Davisson was self-supporting. It was also for as conference years 1867-68, connected with the Buckeye Street Mission, nlng the recent Pastors of the church have been Bev. G. W. Gowdy, who ®d one year and nine months. He was succeeded by Bev. W. Williams, i remained in the Pastorate three years. Mr. Williams was succeeded by e J. W. Gaddis, who served three years, and during his pastorate, the charge oisted of Davisson Chapel and Sears Street Methodist Episcopal Church. In Jail of 1881, Davisson again became a station, and Bev. M. M. Kugler, Fed in charge. The membership is 160. SEAES STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. On the 1.1th day of October, 1857, a Sabbath school was organized, in what ; then known as the Friends’ Meeting House, on Sears street, between Second a Third, by Bev. Maxwell P. Gaddis, who became the first Superintendent, uiorted by the following officers: S. C. Emily, Assistant Superintendent; Tries Parrott, Treasurer; Thomas B. Stevenson. Librarian, and Charles Bur- hfer, Secretary. The outgrowth of this school was Sears Street Methodist jpcopal Church, long known as Gaddis Chapel. The Bev. Maxwell P. Gad- iwasthe first minister appointed to Dayton City Mission, and he commenced Labors at Sears Street Chapel, September 30, 1860. preaching his first ser- 11 from the 205th Psalm, “In the name of our God we will set up onr ban- |J The church organization took effect November 17, I860, and the society ; first officially re-organized by Bev. J. F. Chalfant, Presiding Elder, Janu- r |l) 1861. The first Board of Stewards were John Birch, J. H. Cheever, bander McCandless and J. Hicks. Tho first sacrament was administered in aiary, 1861. The church record exhibits further, that Bishop Simpson oc- u .ed the pulpit March 3, 1861, and Bishop Morris June 22, 1862. Mr. Gad- i served the people two years, when Bev. M. Marley, D. D. , was appointed to 'i Mission (1862). On the the 11th of June, 1863", the pulpit was filled by %p Ames. Bev. William Simmons was appointed to succeed Dr. Marley B;863. On the 24th day of November, 1863, they purchased the Friends’ fitting House, for the sum of $950. Mr. Simmons served three years, and was Bteeded by the Bev. E. F. Hill, who remained one year. In 1867, the Bev. fitwell P. Gaddis was returned to the station. Other Pastors have been as ows. Bev. J. B. Ellsworth, 1868-69; Bev. A. Bowers, 1870-71; Bev. G. H. A nedy, 1872. Bev. William B. Polling, 1875; Bev. W. N. Williams, 1876- 654 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 77 ; Rev. J. W. Gaddis, 1878-79-80, and the present Pastor, Rev. J. Y. L ing, who came in September, 1881. At this writing (May, 1882), the chr is disbanding to form another organization, in East Dayton, to be kxown as East Dayton Methodist Episcopal Church. They have disposed of the Chapel building for $2,000, and have purchased ground on Huffman ave and May street, where they intend to erect a beautiful house of worship. 1 membership is about 150. CAVALRY METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. In 1871, a Mission school was established in North Dayton, and Cat Chapel building erected by the Young Men’s Christian Association of the t This edifice, in April, 1882, was transferred to the Methodist Episcopal Chn The amount paid for the building was $1,350. Rev. J. Y. Leming is the ] tor of this charge, which now has a membership of sixty, besides a flourisl Sabbath school of 160 scholars. The edifice is well located, and the new terprise will, Ave doubt not, be successful. It has been made a regular t sustaining Methodist Episcopal Church. THE GERMAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. In 1840, twelve persons assembled and effected this organization, know the First German Methodist Episcopal Church of the City of Dayton. T' years later, they built, on the corner of Jackson and Sixth streets, a one-& brick edifice 35x50, which cost between $1,500 and $2,000. This was dedic. to the service of God by Revs. Achmoker and Dr. Nast. About the close of war, the building was sold to Rev. S. D. Clayton. Ground was then bough the southeast corner of Clay and Yan Buren streets for $700, and the prejj church building erected. In size it is 45x75 feet, tivo stories high, and structed of brick, at a cost of $14,000. The auditorium with gallery will from 500 to 600 people. The following named ministers have served the chn Rev. Englehart, Rev. Riemeschneiver, Rev. Joseph Hebner, Rev. JohnKeisI Rev. Charles Shelver, Rev. George A. Bruenich, Rev. George Dancker, ill John Bier, Rev. Wilhelm Ahrens, Rev. John Hopen, Rev. Jacob Rhodwei j Rev. Bonneville Braumiller, Rev. Christian Foegler, Rev. George Dane Rev. Charles Kissinger, Rev. Conrad Gohn, Rev. George Widman, Rev. Ear Wunderlect, Rev. J. F. H. Pietrman, Rev. Edward Ulnict, Rev. Philij Weber, Rev. John Bier, Rev. F. W. Rinehart, Rev. A. Kressley, Rev. j Swinefoot and Rev. Charles Bozenhard, who is now in charge of the congr tion. There are now enrolled about 200 names. The Sabbath school wai ganizecl with about twenty- live scholars; Jacob Metz was the first Superint ent. There are now about 200 scholars enrolled under the superintendent Henry Raber. WESLEYAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL (COLOKED). Owing to the loss of the records of this church, we are unable to giv extended sketch, and the same will apply to the remaining three colored gregations of the city. The organization was effected in 1842 with a thirty-five members. They are strict followers of the father of Methodisn whom the church was named. Soon after the society was organized, they chased ground of the Daughters of Zion, a colored society, and built a story frame church, which stood on the present site of their place of won on Wilkins between Bruen and Zeigler streets. In 1854, this building was and the present two-story brick church erected at a cost of about $2,500. following ministers have served the charge; Rev. Shadracli Green, Rev. Ck Clemens, Rev. William Clemens, Rev. Robert Anderson, Rev. John Fall. William Jackson and Rev. Thomas Clinton, CITY OF DAYTON. 655 A successful Sabbath school has been carried on since the church organiza- O ti oj AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. This church was organized in 1865,’ in a public hall on East Fifth street, le Rev. Matthew Hogard, with nine members. Until 1872. they worshipped •ivate houses and in the churches of other religious bodies; that year, their ' mt house of worship was erected, which, with the ground, cost 13,000 It Bated on Eaker between Ludlow and Perry streets, and is a one-story brick Ofeet. Ten pastors have served the church since its organization. Rev. W. 'axwell is the present pastor, and the membership of the church is ninety. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. Who the first Baptists that settled in Dayton were cannot now be Gained. In the county records of 1806, it appears that one Charles 1 o in behalf of the “ Baptist Union Congrega ion of Dayton ” applied >r and on the southeast corner of Main and Third streets, which had i given the town by D. C. Cooper for public purposes, as a site for a ■ 0 of public worship. A few months later, it is recorded that the pe- ii of the Anabaptist Church, as it was called, was granted. This is the -mention of Baptists in Dayton. It is not known now what this first church exactly, nor how strong it was. At any rate it did not realize the claim t p, for we find the land applied for by them afterward conveyed by Cooper icais heirs. The commencement of the Baptist interest which resulted in formation of this church may be associated with the removal to Dayton •cfc 1823, of certain Baptists from the Lebanon Church and other places. - t leir request ministers occasionally visited them and preached. Among a were Stephen Gard, pastor of Elk Creek Church, in Butler County, and on Thompson, pastor of the chinch at Lebanon. The chinch was not or- swed until May 29, 1824, when a council assembled in Dayton to draw up e onstitution of the church. The articles of faith were drawn up by Elder 'oMulford, of Wolf Creek and Tapscott chinches. The church council its first meeting on the porch of William Huffman’s house, on the corner ■bird and Jefferson streets, where the Beckel House now stands. After ces the Sunday following, Mrs. Lydia Huffman was baptized in the river, ‘ le east of the head of Main street, the first baptism that was ever wit- ,s >d in Dayton. The church now numbered ten members. In September of ; year, 1824, the church was received into the Miami Association. For the "Hu’ee years after its organization, the church was supplied with preaching 1( a month by Elders Thompson, Gard, Martin and others. Elder Gard was ■ rst pastor. In 1827, the membership was only thirteen. Rev. D. S. Bur- i then a young man, became pastor, and the chinch was encouraged to build ■ use of worship. The house and ground together cost $2,000. They were 11 the west side of Main street, on the corner of the alley, between Water ;| First streets. Up to this time they had worshiped in the old court house, ; sometimes in a room on St. Clair street, between Second and Third. At '>md of the second year of Mr. Burnett’s ministry, the church numbered ~ y-f our members, but the young pastor was becoming fascinated with the doctrine of Campbellism, and on the 24th of March 1829, everything t written articles of faith were neglected. Thus the church became a Camp- ■ue church, only eight or nine members refusing to stay. These few met e house of Elizabeth Crowell, and passed a resolution to “ keep the stand First Baptist Church in Dayton.” At a subsequent meeting held at iani Huffman’s, they excluded the pastor and those following him from af >aptist Church of Dayton, although these persons constituting the majori- 656 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY- ty had already dismissed them. They also petitioned the Supreme Court possession of the property, but lost the case. (Sec. 6th O. R. , P. 363.) ' little band continued to hold their meetings, having occasional services for years by Elders Mulford and Thompson, the latter, with Elder Gard, ha\ done much to hasten the division by preaching “sound doctrine, which me election and limited atonement. and preaching against educated ministers, B and Missionary societies, and all human institutions .” The nine meml were soon increased by some new residents from other points, and in 1 835 “ New Light ” church was rented, and Rev. Samuel R. Clark, who had 1 sent west by the Home Mission Society, was called to preach half of the time, died shortly after, September 11, 1835. The church now numbered thirty ei At this time the Anti-Mission schism took place. The “old school 1 be opposed to spreading the Gospel otherwise than by preaching, the “New Schc favoring missions, Sabbath schools, etc. The Layton church went with New School. Elder M. E. Cook was pastor of the church for one year, fi 1837. In the summer of 1838, Elder J. L. Moore came to Dayton, an January, 1839, became pastor of the church, which had been incorporated an act dated February 25, 1837. In speaking of this time, he said his ot in accepting the charge was to aid them in erecting a church. The chi only numbered fourteen males, and all together they did not pay taxes on 8 000, yet over $2,000 was subscribed. A lot was purchased on JeffeVson si for $1,350, and a church built at a cost of $5,164.50. It was not finished i 1841—12. During this time, the Sunday school was organized with 100 schc and twenty teachers, with Deacon E. E. Barney as Superintendent, in wl capacity he labored for fifteen years. Elder S. S. Parr was the next pastel the church; he served from July 1841, to December 1843. He was succec by Rev. Frederick Snyder, who entered upon the duties -of pastor in A 1844, and remained seven years, or until 1851. The next pastor was 1 Samuel Foljambe, who was called on the 5th of January 1852, and resigne the close of 1855. Rev. Samson Talbott succeeded him; he came io J 1856, and left to accept the presidency of Dennison University at Gram in July, 1863. Rev. PI. Harvey was called April, 1864, and remained i 1867. Just previous to his pastorate the old church on Jefferson was disp of. a lot purchased on Main street, and the present beautiful and commod building was erected at a cost of $45,856 for house and ground. It is a 1 two- story brick, with the usual rooms down stairs and the auditorium up st It has a tall and graceful spire about 150 feet high, supplied with a ! bell. It was formally dedicated free of debt, October 25, 1863. In 1865 a Mission Chapel was built by the young men of the church, on East I street. This brings up to the present pastorate. Rev. H. Colby, who called in 1867, and has been an able and efficient pastor ever since church now numbers about 400 members, and the Sunday school 37 < > scln with thirty-nine officers and teachers. THE WAYNE STREET REGULAR BAPTIST CHURCH. December 29, 1848 forty-four members of the First Regular 13a Church of Dayton, who had asked for letters of dismissal therefrom, vote organize themselves into a church and adopted articles of faith, a covenant temperance pledge. On the 9th of January, 1849, they were publicly r; nizecl as a Regular Baptist Church, by a council of delegates from Baptist Church, called together to consider the questions of their rec< tion. For the first few weeks of the existence of the church it was ki as the “Oregon Regular Baptist Church of Dayton.” The first of of this church were J. H. Thomas, Clerk; J. B. Turner, J. McCammon CITY OF DAYTON. 657 1 Washington, Deacons; John Ewing, Treasurer: and J. B. Turner, S. P. } a te and John Clarke, Trustees. Their first meetings were held in the church jwj|d by the Dunkards. Next they worshiped in the Oregon Engine-house, . x was found too small, and on February 27, 1849, it was resolved to build a 1 .13 of their own. Ground for this purpose was purchased of E. Thresher r r 300, Mr. Thresher giving one half of the ground, as the lot was valued 00, upon condition that the lot should be appropriated exclusively to the apse of building a Baptist meeting house thereon. Subscriptions were ':i, and a brick building 40x60 feet was begun. During the year 1849, in he, aidst of building, the cholera broke out, business in the city was suspended ltlhe work of the church was greatly impeded. However, the basement was dieted and occupied January 1, 1850. The exercises of the occasion being >i ucted by Rev. F. Snyder, of the First Church, assisted by Rev. J. L. Moore, i ormer preaching the sermon. The auditorium was finished and dedicated . 153. The first pastor of the church was Rev. S. Gorman, who served until Fa 1852, when succeeded by Rev. Marsena Stone, who was the pastor a few ;hs only. In April, 1853, Rev. J. Chambers became the pastor and served iyear. His successor was the Rev. Nicholas S. Bastian, whose pastorate in October, 1854, and continued until the spring of 1856. During the her of 1855-56 the church witnessed a powerful revival, the pastor was as- iijd by Rev. D. E. Thomas, who was a stated supply for several months big the summer of 1856. The result of the meeting is- thus stated in the hiefl records, “ as the first of om labors during our long protracted meeting, e ave added to our numbers as fol lows : By letter, six; by experience, five; and ■ aptism, seventy-four, making in all eighty-five.” Rev. E. W. Dickinson be- ii s the pastor in October, 1856, and served until August, 1861. Another ex- •tve revival occurred during the winter of 1858-59, in which the First a list Church united with the Wayne Street Church. Fifty-six accessions were if e to the church. Mr. Dickinson was succeeded by Rev. E. F. Strickland, h served one year. The eighth pastor was Rev. D. F. Carnahan, who as- d the pastorate in the summer or early fall of 1863. Other pastors of the kfch up to April, 1878, with the term of service of each are as follows : Rev. * iam D. Bunker, from July, 1865, to July, 1868; Rev, P. M. Weddell, from iejember 9, 1868, to the latter part of 1873 : Rev. Hugh A. Marshall, from iary 1, 1874, to April 1, 1874; Rev. H. A. Delano, from December 21, 1874, April 17. 1876; Rev. H. M. Dean (a supply), from some time in December 81, to the latter part of March, 1878. The church then had no pastor, and was arranging with the Baptist Union 1 he City of Dayton about giving up its property and debts to the Union. It voted August 12, 1878, to disband, and give letters of dismission to all ' ood standing, who should call for them previous to November 12, 1879, ’In the disbandment should be completed. The Sunday school had been in chai’ge of E. F. Sample, during the sum- i! and was rapidly growing from the discouraged condition in which he o.id it. The Baptish Union secured the services of Rev. H. H. Bawden, who be- ;; his labors with the interest which has been since that known as “ The tral Baptist Mission of Dayton,” on November 20, 1878. Since that time, ^Baptist Union have steadily prosecuted the work amid many difficulties. In the early part of 1880, the Union effected a sale of the old meeting- " se and lot, and immediately paid off the debts which had accumulated to hextent of more than $4,000. | J- B. Thresher, E. M. Thresher and Albert Thresher then offered to pay * pO each toward a new meeting house for the mission, provided a house 658 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. should be built, costing not less than $10,000, which should be free from dt (We should have mentioned that when the debts were all paid, there reman in the possession of the Baptist Union, a lot on the corner of Clay and 1 Buren streets, 66x132 feet, with a brick dwelling-house on it, which had c “ in flush times ” $8,500 ; and they had $3,386.36 in money.) The offer of the Threshers gave a good start, and soon they had relia subscriptions amounting to nearly $11,000. E. E. Barney, who had always been deeply interested in the church, tl became responsible for $4,000, cash. (The Union having determined noi incur debt). It was decided to build, and the beautiful church edifice loca on the corner of Clay and Yan Buren streets, an admirable view of wind obtained from Eifth street, is the result. It is of brick, two stories high and one of the most perfect churches outline and finish in the city. Its style of architecture is an adaptation of Romanesque or semi-Giothie, and presents an imposing appearance with square tower and fully rounded arches. It was first proposed not to eree tower, and afterward an octagonal spire was suggested, but the present c adds materially to the appearance of the building. The auditorium is 48x50 feet, with a seating capacity of over 500. T dedicatory services took place in the evening of May 4, 1882, sermon by Rev. Dr. King, of Cleveland. The total cost of the building, outside of the furniture is $14,000, evi cent of which is paid. Not a particle of debt remains upon it. This is one the most encouraging features of its auspicious opening. FIRST GERMAN BAPTIST CHURCH. In June, 1852, twelve persons, formerly members of a Society in Beri Prussia, met and organized the above named church. J. J. Werthner was pointed to preside over the church society at that time. There were present the organization of the church, Rev. A. Heinrich, of Rochester, N. Y., Cif man of the meeting; Rev. M. Stone, Rev. Samuel Foljambe, of Dayton; II J. L. Moore, of Springfield; B. C. Cane, of Carlisle; O. B. Stone, of Xenia, s J. G. Brown, of Cincinnati. The first meeting of the church was held at Wayne Street Baptist Church, after which they met at the Sixth Street Eng- House until 1854, when it was decided to build a church. Ground for t purpose, situated on East Fifth street, was purchased of William Hoffman $500, on which was built a church, 40x60 feet, consisting of a basement s an upper story, at a cost of $3,000. In 1861, Henry Koehler, of York, Pen became the Pastor. In 1866, G. D. Menger was called, the church then nr bering 150 members. At this time an additional $1,000 was expended in co pleting the church. G. Eisele assumed the Pastorate, and remained m 1877. In 1872, a division occurred in the church, on questions of church d cipline, sixty members leaving. They worshiped at Rocky Mission Chapel i til 1878, when they returned to the church, Rev. G. D. Menger having b< recalled to the pastorate. In connection with the church, a Sabbath school > 100 scholars and sixteen teachers is maintained. The church' now (1881) without a Pastor. ZION BAPTIST CHURCH (COLORED). On the 30th day of November, 1870, the religious society bearing above name was organized at the residence of Humphrey Moody, in Mia City, with the following-named persons: Albert Matthews, Sarah Anders Humphrey and Elizabeth Moody and William Lenyear. Rev. Albert M thews became the pastor of the church. Services were at first held in the hoi of the Pastor, then in a hall on Wayne street, and in the Baxter Street Engi CITY OF DAYTON. 659 X. In the fall of 1876, a lot on Sprague street, in West Dayton, was pur - ad by the congregation for $400, on which a one-story brick church was ,. -cjd at a cost of $1,800. Other pastors of the church, in the order given, Jjeen Rev. Spencer Young, Rev. Albert Matthews, Rev. William Harris, Henry Roberts and Rev. James Shocraft. LINDEN AVENUE BAPTIST CHURCH. ’he organization of Linden Avenue Baptist Church, was effected Septem ■ ). 1872. with fifty-seven member's, thirty-five of whom were from the First pfct Church of the city, twenty from the Wayne Street Baptist Church, and i fom elsewhere. The first Pastor of the church was the Rev. Frederick itorthy, who was ordained on the 18th day of October, following, and 1 until in September, 1878. December 1, of the same year, the Rev. J. irks, present Pastor, assumed the pastorate. Not long after the organiza- njf the church, ground was purchased of W. P. Huffman, and the present ah edifice erected. It is a beautiful temple ; in external arfehitechure, it much resembles the Alain street Baptist Church, though not so large. The liirium is 86x46 feet, the whole of the upper floor, except the vestibule, ten t ide. Above the vestibule is a gallery, in w r hich is a pipe organ. At the cite side of the church is. the pulpit platform, back of which is a shallow icpty in the wall, arching to a point two-thirds of the way to the ceiling; >wer part of the concavity is lined with white walnut panel work; the i! )il part is made to represent a firmament by stars of gold on a back ground i.z:e blue. The finish of the auditorium is in exceeding good taste, nothing _ a ms, but elegant. The body of the frescoing is light, with a faint blue ca,;. The ceiling is variegated in subdued colors. Two gas suns in the ceil- bht up the auditorium brilliantly at night. It has a seating capacity of r 600. The pulpit desk, an elegant piece of workmanship, is of black wal- . On the first floor are the Sunday school room, Bible-class rooms, and i for kitchen and pantry, furnished with all necessary culinary utensils to l tuid in church festivals, socials, etc. The lower story was completed and ■rd for services in the evening of December 80, 1873, when dedicated by J. F. Behrends, of the First Church of Cleveland. The auditorium was lifted to God December 12, 1879. There were present on this occasion, . R. Hughes, of the Memorial Church; Rev. C. F. Colby, of the Main Street ”t Church, Rev. H. H. Bawden, of the Wayne Street Baptist Church: Rev. I Monger, of the first German Baptist, and Rev. J. H. Parks, pastor of 1 ' ’arch to be dedicated. The dedicatory sermon Avas preached by Dr. John 10, of Chicago. The membership is now 175. THE BAPTIST UNION. bis society consists of a union of the Baptists of the city for the pur- 1 f giving aid and support to churches of the denomination requiring as- •> af;e. It was organized January 12, 1874, with the following officers: sent, W. P. Huffman; Vice President, E. E. Barney; Secretary, James ir; Treasurer, J. K. Mclntire. Until 1878, any member of the Baptist lL "b residing in the city was an ex officio member. That year, it Avas incor- ■id, Avhen the Trustees of the Union became virtually the Union. Each 1 r i now elects five persons who represent them as members of the Union. ' issions are represented by their Pastors. Present officers (1881): Presi- 1 J. Parker; Vice President. ReA T . J. H. Parks; Secretary, E. R. Still- 1 Treasurer, C. H. Crawford. CHRIST CHURCH. ;n the 15th day of May, 1817, the Rev. Philander Chase, then on a mis- S10u f four through Southern Ohio, held the first seiwice of the Episcopal 660 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Church in Dayton. Immediately following this service, a parish was orgs ized under the name of St. Thomas’ Church, and its articles of associati were signed by seven persons, who bound themselves together as interested the continuance of such services. This organization, however, does not so to have possessed much vitality, and we hear no more of it, nor of the se: ices of the church here, until nearly two years later, when he who held ( first service, and in the meantime had been consecrated Bishop of Ohio, turned to Dayton and held a second service in October, 1819. Noveml 27, 1819, St. Thomas’ Church was re-organized, and this time its artic of association were signed by twenty-three persons, prominent among wb were Judge Crane and Warren Hunger, Sr., Esq. The parish was withou settled pastor until October 19, 1821, when the Rev. Spencer Wall, a I)ea< then in charge of the missionary work at Piqua and Springfield, took chai of the congregation on alternate Sundays, and served until March, 1822, : he was the only regular clergyman during the years that St. Thomas’ Chu was in existence. The Rev. Samuel Johnson continued occasional services several years, and so did other clergymen of the diocese, among them Rev. Thomas A. Osborne, the Rev. Ezra B. Kellogg, the Rev. Gideon McS lan and the Rev. Alexander Hall. The services during these years were h in the Lancasterian Schoolhouse, which then stood on St. Clair street, oppo; the park; in the houses of worship of other Christian bodies, in the old cc house, and in private houses. But inability to procure the regular servici a clergyman, even at stated intervals, discouraged the leaders and scatte the congregation; and after several years of earnest struggle, St. Thorr Church succumbed to these disheartening influences and ceased to exist, exc in name. The last service of the decade of which there is any record held some time in 1827, and from then until 1830 the voice of the elan feeble for a long time previous, was hushed in death. On the 7th day of tober, 1830, the Rev. Ethan Allen, on a missionary toiu - of inspection throi the southwestern counties of the State, visited Dayton and stated his mist to Judge Crane and Warren Hunger, Sr., saying that he had come to sp; Sunday here, and would like to give them services if agreeable to them, ’l l two faithful pioneers were so completely discouraged by the experiences of past that they gave him no encouragement. Hr Allen, early the follow morning, left the town ; he, however, x-eturned October 21, and bringing v j him letters of introduction announcing his intentions. His services were cepted, the old Presbyterian Church standing on the corner of Second j Ludlow streets was procured, and there two services were held October The following morning a subscription paper was started to secure a supi for Mr. Allen. Fifty-nine persons had pledged the aggregate amount of ■' a year toward his salary. He entered regularly upon his duties in the court house, on Sunday, November 24. It was not until May 15, 1831. articles of association for the Parish were signed, and it was as late as 1 that it was incorporated, and that by special act of legislature. At a me- held June 25, 1831, it was resolved to start a subscription for the purchasl a lot and the building of a church. On May 17, 1832, $1,800 was repo raised, a lot was selected on South Jefferson street, and was purchase] Henry Bacon for $480. An edifice was erected thereon (where the 0 building now stands), which was completed, and was first opened for h service by the rector, assisted by brother clergymen from Piqua and E ware. The general style of the church was gothic. It was in size, sixty feet long and forty-five feet wide. November 17, 1833, Bishop Mclh made his first visit to the parish, and consecrated the church. The Bis in making a note of his first visit to this parish, says: “There a very tl CITY OF DAl'TON. 663 llT congregation has been formed and a very excellent church erected, in 0 lace where, a short time since, scarcely the least encouragement could be dor the labors of an Episcopal minister.” [n October, 1843, the rector resigned. The Rev. Richard S. Killin, his , ssor, entered upon his duties February 4, 1844, and after a ministry of 1 eight months, resigned the parish October 15, of the same year. The -j ij rector of the parish was the Rev. William W. Arnett, who accepted the -e January 5, 1845. His rectorship covered a period of nearly five years, ]i.g October, 1849. The Rev. James B. Britton, the fourth rector, took age of the parish November 12, 1849. That the church grew under his i is the testimony of the vestry and parish records. June 14, 1852, it was e ed to enlarge and improve the church, the increasing congregation making room a necessity, and a new front was added at a cost of nearly $5,000. Britton resigned the parish June 1, 1855, and a call was extended to the H. H. Morrell, who became the fifth Rector of the parish in November, ' and remained in charge until July, 1857. September 21, of that year, Rev. John Woart was called to become the sixth rector, and, accepting the . at once entered upon his duties. During his rectorship, an effort was . u to establish a second church in Dayton, a parish known as St. Paul’s rich, having been organized by a number of the former parishioners of list Chinch, May 12, 1859. It continued its existence until 1863, when Arden (John Powell) closed his report to the convention. In March, 1860. bellev Anthony Ten Broeck became the seventh rector of the parish, and inued in charge thereof until Easter day, April 20, 1862. The Rev. Ed- a: H. Jewett was called to the parish in September, 1862, and entered on uties as its eighth rector on Sunday, October 19, 1862, and remained in nge eight years, during which time the church witnessed a steady increase unbers and financial strength. April 24, 1868, a committee of the vestry a appointed to co -operate with the ladies, who were greatly interested in the ion of a mission chapel, and, on Monday, June 20, 1870. the parish had satisfaction of seeing the present Ascension Chapel consecrated to the wor- i pf Almighty God. It was during this rectorship that the Rev. Royal B. t Dm was assistant minister of the parish, from J uly, 1868, to July, 1869. 4) Rev. Edward P. Wright, D. D., became the ninth rector of the church in umber, 1870. The event of this rectorship was the erection of the pres- i beautiful edifice, constructed of brick, in the decorated gothic style, med with Dayton limestone, and is capable of comfortably seating 700 3ns. It is sixty-eight feet front and 126 feet deep; is substantially built, ! "essed and capped with stone. The bell-tower, on the northeast corner, is j aty-six feet high, upon which is a slated octagon spire of ninety feet, sur- i: nted by an ornamental cross, making total height of steeple, 166 feet. I windows are of mottled glass, with figured borders. The audience room >ry handsome. The furniture, all of black walnut, is of elegant design n finish, and with the memorial -figured windows, gives a bright and cheerful psarance to the room. The pews are upholstered in damask rep. the ends e ig very chaste in design and of gothic pattern, as is everything connected the building. It is located on the south side of First, between Main and Mow streets, and cost $47,000, of which $17,000 was paid for the ground 1) which it stands. The corner-stone was laid July 12, 1871, by Bishop II ell, and the building completed and opened for worship March 22, 1874. 1 Wright was succeeded by Rev. E. H. Jewett, who again entered upon the k'ge as its tenth rector, May 18, 1873, and the second time resigned the sk in May, 1879. The present rector, Rev. J. T. Webster, entered upon n duties January 1, 1880. The Sunday school of the chinch was organized 664 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. in the old court house in January, 1832, by the rector of the church, w seven teachers. The number of scholars in the school was thirty. The s sions of the Sunday school were continued until May of the same year, wl it was discontinued until in July, 1833, when Sabbath school was for the f time held in the new church, which has continued uninterruptedly until io-d; Dr. Allen, then the rector of the church, was the first Superintendent. 1 school at present is large and flourishing. ASCENSION CHAPEL. In 1868, a mission Sunday school was established in the eastern portioi the city by Christ Church. It was soon thought that the location was nn vorable and the school was removed to the southern portion of the city, the 24th of April of the above year, the ladies of the parish having been ini ested previously in the establishment of a mission, the vestry appointee committee to co-operate with them in establishing this one, and the lot. i purchased on Ascension Day following, and hence the name of the chapel, lot was purchased in South Dayton and a building commenced, which i finished in 1870, at a cost of $9,000, including the lot, and on the 20th June of that year, it was consecrated to the worship of God by Bishop Bed December 23, 1870, Rev. A. W. Seabrease was called to take charge of chapel work. He having declined the call, July 18, 1871, the Rev F Bartlett was called to it, and he also declined to come. These and other < couragements deterred the vestry from making any other calls, and since th no effort worthy of note has been made to secure a laborer for that fit The Sunday school has been kept up steadily ever since its organization, in than thirteen years ago, and from it many have been brought into the elm and confirmed. THE FIRST ENGLISH LUTHERAN CHURCH. In the year 1839. Rev. Reuben Weiser, a missionary of the Evangeli! Lutheran Synod of Maryland, visited Dayton in the interest of the Luthraj Church. He found a few scattered members of the denomination whom gathered together, and induced to form themselves into an organization, meeting for this purpose was accordingly called outlie 6tli of July, in the st of Frederick Gebhart, at which the following article of agreement was adopt “We, the subscribers, feeling the importance of forming an Evangelical i| theran congregation in the city of Dayton, Ohio, for ourselves and children, hereby in humble reliance on the great head of the church, form ourselves ii a Lutheran congregation. We acknowledge ourselves members of the Luthe Church, and of course subject to the discipline and church government of j General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the United State This article was signed by those present: Henry Creager, Philip Beat John Prugh, Peter Baker, Frederick Gebhart, Elijah Ealy, Samuel Kell John Hoppert and J. G. Hoppert. Of these, the following persons were elec: officers: Elders, Henry Creager and Philip Beaver; Deacons, Frederick G hart and Peter Baker. A committee was appointed to obtain temporary use the German Reformed Church, and the Vestry authorized to procure a su blelot for the erection of a house of worship. At a meeting of the eongre tion held August, 1840, Rev. D. P. Rosenmiller was elected pastor. In Ap 1841, a lot -was purchased situated on the southwest corner of Fourth and J ferson streets, and a brick building 45x60 feet erected thereon. Here the c gregation worshiped until 1856. when the house becoming too small it was s to the United Presbyterians, and the eligible site on Main street purchas and the large and beautiful structure now there erected. The congregai has ever been a vigorous and flourishing one. Its membership has reached CITY OF DAYTON. 665 ,j as 700, while its Sabbath school is the largest in the city, as well as the r,s 5 in the Lutheran General Synod. The church building is a very large //story brick, with a tall and massive square tower, which contains a chime la bells. The church since its organization has been served by nine pastors: ’ev. D. P. Rosenmiller, from 1840 to 1849; by Rev. P. Rizer. from 1849 to v'; by Rev. F. W. Conrad, D. D., from 1856 to 1862; by Rev. D. Steck, from 1862 to 1864: by Rev. L. A. Gottwald, D. D., from 1865 to 1868; ev. Irving Magee, D. D., from 1868 to 1812; by Rev. J. B. Helwig, D, rom 1872 to 1874; by Rev. T. T. Everett, from 1874 to 1876. The pres- it astor, 1880, Rev. G. F. Stelling, D. D., was called in August. 1877. These -rs are all living, with the exception of Rev. D. P. Rosenmiller, who died eptember, 1880. This church has sometimes been called the “ Gebhart ir|ch,” for the reason that the Gebhart name has been connected with it )i the beginning, and during the history of the congregation formed so large p tion of the membership. No less than forty Gebharts have stood on the ■ _ uih record at one time, and it must be said that much of its prosperity has e due to the strength, activity and the liberality of this distinguished Day- a unity. The present church building cost in construction over $75,000. i 3 a seating capacity of about 900. st. John’s Ingush evangelical Lutheran church. Phis congregation took its rise in the troublous times of the Presidential * on in 1864. At that time Rev. D. Steck, D. D., was pastor of the Main nt Lutheran Church. 'His political views not being in accord with those of e hurch Council, the pulpit to which he had been called was taken away )• him without aught of previous notice. Naturally this act was resented e friends of Dr. Steck, and in the daily papers of December 9, 1864, ej appeared a card requesting them to assemble at Huston Hall to form a congregation, of which he should be pastor, and signed by a number of :» inent members of the Main Street Church. In response to this call, a •g congregation assembled in the hall on Sunday, December 18, to hear the 1 usd pastor. Out of those present, a congregation was formed under the Inf St. John’s English Lutheran Church, and Rev. D. Steck was elected its T. Huston Hall continued to be the regular place of holding service until o-; 24, 1865. On the morning .of that day, however, it was discovered to be tines, and in a few hours nothing was left standing but the bare walls, congregation lost a valuable organ and Sunday School Library, and their jjl'dp furniture. Steps were immediately taken to procure another place for Wig services, and erelong the congregation was comfortably established in -V s Hall, which continued to be the place of worship of the congregation veral years. In December. 1868, Rev. Steck resigned the pastorate. / Jp to this time the Congregation had been in no synodical connection u-wer, nor had it been incorporated. Just prior to Rev. Steck’s departure, u ffis of incorporation were taken out, and application made shortly after to peived into the District Synod of Ohio. The congregation also about this ipegan negotiations for the purchase of their present chtu’ch edifice, lo- e on St. Clair street, between Second and Thi rd streets. This property was r t time in possession of the First Congregational society, and in March, ‘ its purchase was consummated. The congregation now in possession of ipwn church property, extended a call to Rev. M. C. Horine, which was ded, and he became the pastor. luring his pastorate the congregation was placed upon a thoroughly 1 ntjiran basis, and was received into membership in the District Synod of ’ a in connection with the General Council of the Lutheran Church of North Amcica. 666 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Rev. Horine’s pastorate only continued for one year, many circuinstair arising tending to discourage liim in liis labor. Soon after his departure a c was extended to Rev. Prof. S. L. Harkey, and by him accepted. He labo) faithfully amid many discouragements until in October, 1872, he very an pectedly handed in his resignation, and again left the congregation withou pastor. Now began a severe struggle for continued existence. There still mained a mortgage on the church property of $2,000, on which the interest 1 slowly accumulated for a couple of years. No pastor could be obtained, i irregulars supplies could not collect the funds so much needed to discha these pressing obligations. For nine months, the congregation continued wi out a pastor, and the inevitable results followed. In March, 1873, the m< gage was foreclosed, and the property advertised for sale. At this janct application for aid was made to the Home Mission Committee of the G'eni Council. The Chairman, Dr. YV. A. Passavant, of Pittsburgh, Penn., came Dayton in person, gathered together the scattered remnants of the once He isliing congregation, collected from them the back interest on the mortg; and paid off the old mortgage by obtaining the required amount on a i mortgage Rom parties in the East. But a church without a pastor can kai hope to succeed, and therefore in May, 1873, a call was extended to the p: ent pastor, Rev. A. F. Siebert. This was accepted, and in July of that yea) came and took charge. During his pastorate there has been a slow but ste growth; the mortgage on the church property has been canceled mainly thro a bequest from the late H. II. Hartman, for some years an officer in the ohu: who died in 1875. The congregation, now thoroughly Lutheran, withpoli entirely eliminated, seems to be entering upon an era of renewed prosper Having passed through its darkest days, it looks forward to the future with | hope of permanent success. LUTHERAN MISSION CHAPEL (ENGLISH). In 1872, a mission school was established in East Dayton, by the I English Lutheran Church of the city, with a view of forming another Ln ran congregation. The large brick building on the corner of May and Pi streets was erected and Sabbath school carried on therein for years, bn congregation organized. HOPE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CONGREGATION (ENGLISH). In November, 1880, the Rev. O. S. Oglesby, who was serving as missio of the English district of the Evangelical Lutheran, Joint Synod of Ohic tablished a mission in Dayton, which developed in August, 1881, into above named congregation. The church organization began with seven v< members, and has now thirty-five communion members, who are under the cl: of the pastor named. A Sabbath school averaging eighty scholars is in prog They worship in “ Union Chapel ” on the corner of Barr and Commercial sti st. John’s german evangelical Lutheran church. The church bearing this name was organized in the old court house i year 1838 or 1839, with a membership of some twenty-five families. VVi only approximate at the date, owing to the absence of the church records, v have either been mislaid or are lost, as diligent search on our part fail find any traces of them, which fact will prevent any detailed account o ! church being given. On the 18th day of July, 1840, the congregation i| the pastorate of Rev. Federick Reiss made a constitution, and in 1842 or this church was incorporated as the German Evangelical Lutheran Ch The Rev. Grosskardt was most likely the first pastor of the church, as tk CITY OF DAYTON. 667 v.ence of his having served the charge prior to the minister above named. A mas purchased on Wilkinson street, about the year 1840, upon which the j!-ch intended building a house of worship, but the lot was sold and the one -]re the old church now stands on Sears street purchased. A one-story brick :1 ice was begun in 1841, which was soon completed. In 1849, an addition made to the building, leaving it about as you see it to-day. Their meet- a were here held until the completion of the new church edifice, which was ean in 1869, the lower story being ready. for occupancy and was dedicated in re, 1870. Two lots were bought for between $4,000 and $5,000, located on thnorth side of Third between Madison and Sears streets, upon which this t: cture stands. The name of the church was changed about 1852, to St. : n’s German Evangelical Church, which name it has since borne. The city visited July 9, 1871, by a furious storm, accompanied by terrific winds, ch did great damage to property throughout Dayton. This church was lost totally demolished, the walls all falling, except the one in front, the r in striking the building when the teachers and Sabbath school scholars were sinbled. Between 300 and 400 children and teachers had gathered when h storm burst in all its fury. The Superintendent, Christian Thomas, Mrs. resa Randall, a teacher, and Lronhardt Weyrangh, a child, were killed and a uaber injured. This occurred under the ministry of Rev. C. A. Fritze, who wed the church sixteen years. The edifice was at once rebuilt and cost about ,000. It was again dedicated, the basement in 1872 or 1873, and the audi- jum in 1874. The latter has a seating capacity of nearly 1,000 persons. It - eatly frescoed and furnished, and is supplied with a fine organ, which cost ,000. The following named have been pastors of the church : Rev. .Mr. risskardt, Rev. Frederick Reiss, Rev. Randolph Barthels, Rev. Andrew Hor- lwn as St. Paul’s German Evangelical Lutheran Church of Dayton. They y a time held services in the old Christian Church on Main street, heretofore Marred to in connection with the history of other churches. They soon pur- c - s ed of Raper Methodist Episcopal Church a one-story frame building pre- vrusly occupied by that congregation as a house of worship (now owned and u d by this congregation as a school house), for $1,350. This they used for u'ch pmposes until the erection of their present structure, a one-story build- ' located on the southwest corner of Wayne and Short streets. The ground ’in which it stands was purchased in the fall of 1865, of John Butt, for $5, - -1 In the fall of 1867, the foundation of the church was laid ; and in July the following year, the corner stone was laid and the building completed ■4 dedicated to the service of God, August 15, 1869. Mr. Hordorf resigned the pastorate in June, 1859. and was succeeded by ' r. Frederick Zur Meuhlen, whose ministry continued until November 1, 1861. (e third pastor of the church was Rev. Frederick Groth. who was succeeded 1 1876 bythe present pastor, Rev. Godfrey Loewenstein. The membership is Iw between 200 and 300 heads of families. A Sabbath school with an enroll- 1 ! ,n t °f about 230 scholars is carried on. HISTORV OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. (368 THE FIRST UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH. About the year 1849 or 1850, a colony from Miami Chapel, the pan church of this denomination in the vicinity of Dayton, organized themselves ii a religious body, known as the First United Brethren Church of Dayton 1 colony numbered fifteen persons, who worshiped in what was then styled t Oregon Engine House, situated on the corner of Sixth and Tecumseli stree The pastor was Rev. Robert Norris, who was assisted by Rev. W. J. Shu In 1852, the congregation built a brick church on Sixth street, just e; of the canal, now occupied by the police court of the city. This edit was consecrated to the service of God by Bishop J. J. Glossbrenuer. a served them as a temple of worship until 1873. The first pastors of t charge on the erection of the Sixth Street Church were Rev. Willi R. Rhinehart and D. K. Flickinger, who served jointly in the new hou Prominent among the laymen of that time were John Dodds, E. W. MeGov and D. L. Rika The pastors, during the twenty years that the congregati occupied that house, were Rev. John W. Price, Rev. L. S. Crittenden, Ri Henry Kumler, Rev. Alexander Owen, Rev. John Walter, Rev. Willi J. Shuey, Rev. S.‘ M. Hippard, Rev. Jacob M. Marshel, Rev. D, Berger. R W. H. Lanthum and Rev. C. Briggs. In 1872, the church and parsonage w sold to the city, and on the 1st of January, 1873, the congregation vacated" house, and removed temporarily to the Universalist Church, on South M: street. At this time the membership numbered less than 200. In 1872, 1 site upon which the present church edifice stands (on Fifth, between Main a Jefferson streets) was purchased, and the following year the new house v erected, the basement, including the lecture room, infant room and two cl rooms, being completed and opened November 29, 1873, and dedicated to vine worship by Bishop Weaver. The auditorium was completed and dedica Sabbath morning, December 17, 1876; sermon by Bishop Weaver, text 9th ve 21st chapter of Revelations. The church edifice, though not gorgeous magnificent, is convenient, chaste and attractive. Altogether it is a monua to the liberality and taste of the congregation that has erected it, and an onj ment to the city. The Rev. Chester Briggs was appointed to the pastorate 1870, and served until 1874. His successor was Rev. W. J. Primer. N came Rev. E. S. Chapman, who remained seven and a half years, until Ma 1, 1882. The present pastor is Rev. S. A. Mowers. Since the change of lo tion, this church has enjoyed a great prosperity. Its membership has increa to 555 (1881). Its Sabbath school is large and flourishing, numbering 1 scholars. The church has also sustained a mission on High street for in than twelve years. THE SECOND UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH (GERMAN). This church organization was effected in 1853. Services were at first, ; for a time, held in the lecture room of the First United Brethren Church "Sixth street, the Rev. H. Staub then proclaiming to them the Gospel, was succeeded by the Rev. J. A. Sand. The one-story brick church located the East side of Wayne street, near Jones, was built by the congregation 1855, and has since been used by them as a place of worship. The Rev. IV Cranmer was the next pastor in order. The pulpit has since been filled the following ministers as pastors of the congregation: Rev. E. Licht, nev Fritz, Rev. G. Schmith, Rev. A. Krause, Rev. M. Bussdieker, Rev. C. Stre Rev. E. Lorenz and Rev. Charles Schneider. The present pastor, Soloi Yanmeda, at one time agent and editor of the Telescope, and Rev. W. Mitt dorf. now editor of the “ Joyful Messenger ” and “ Youths' Pilger in com tion with their offices, served the church several times a.s its pastor. There now enrolled about 100 members. \ CITY OF DAYTON. 669 THE THIRD UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH (COLORED). This religious society is the outgrowth of a Sunday school, established by ■ i King, and was organized in the spring of 1858, with a membership of be- , i fifteen and twenty. For a few months, meetings were held in the Te- neh Street Engine House, and next for a time, in Buckeye Chapel. In the r L r of 1868-69, ground on Ludlow, between Fifth and Sixth streets, was uased of Mr s. Eaker, and a small one-story brick church erected thereon, ;ost of §1,000. Here the congregation have since held their meetings. the exception of a few regular pastors, the church has been supplied with niters from the other United Brethren Churches of the city, and from the , lty of the Seminary of that church. The present pastor is Bev. George brt; membership, sixty. THE SUMMIT STREET UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH. The Summit Street United Brethren Church was formed in 1871 from i ns belonging to Miami Chapel, a United Brethren Church in the vicini- Dayton. The erection of a house of worship was commenced, and one of the house was completed and dedicated May 21, 1871, by Bishop Ulossbre nner. The grounds and buildings, so far as then completed, s ibout §10,000. To this sum Rev. John Kemp very largely con tributed, deserves to be remembered tenderly and in honor for this as well as other ji deeds. For several years the seminary occupied this church before the efion of the seminary building. The congregation has steadily grown un- uow numbers about two hundred members. About one year ago, under oastoral labors of Rev. William M. Beardshear, now President of Western )] ge, it was resolved to undertake the completion of the church. This the ri’egation seemed to be unable to do, it having just finished paying a debt 1.000 on the former building. The undertaking of the work was encour- e and induced by a munificent proffer of assistance from Bro. John Dodds, is city, a member of another congregation. Having for years been much tested in the work of the church in this part of the city, he chose it as a a upon which to bestow liberally. He agreed, upon the payment of $3,- Dy the congregation, to furnish the remainder of the funds needed to com- e the entire church, with the exception of the furnishings, light, furnaces, n s and pavements. The congregation thankfully took hold of so liberal a 'C isal, and the work has been completed. One of the neatest and most com- ous churches in the denomination is the result. The building was re- ■il to a one-story, ground-plan structure, and erected upon plans and speci- ; ons of Mi-. Peters, an expert architect of this city. It is covered entirely it slate, and is every way tasty and beautiful in symmetry and arrangement. ■ main audience room is 70x54 feet in length and width, and the lecture, or it ath school room, 54x40, and a primary room 30x16. It also has a neat Fir’s study adjoining the lobby, which is nicely furnished. Folding and ug partitions between the audience room and the Sunday school room open wo, and the three rooms, if desired, into one great room 110 feet long. ' pulpit is placed upon rollers, and is easily removed from one room to an- J' to suit the audience. The audience room is neatly furnished with pled seats, and is nicely carpeted, while an elegant reflector furnishes orb lighting to the church. The Sabbath school rooms are seated with 1;, s. The capacity of the church is about one thousand sittings. The com- mon of the house was at a cost of §8,098.90, of this, Bro. Dodds kindly 1 §3,116.29, and the congregation in the entire furnishing, as well as the nfietion of the building, gave §4,468.90, besides the contribution of the 1,1 es Aid Society of §513 for the cupola. The church was dedicated Sab- 670 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. bath, April 30, 1883, by Bishop Glossbrenner. The following persons h been pastors of the church since its organization: Rev. J. P. Landis, Rev. Briggs, Rev. AVilliam Dillon, Rev. William Beardshear and Rev. M. H 1 brose, now in charge. The church was served two years by the faculty of U. B. Seminary, and one year by the editor of the Telescope and agent of Seminary. HIGH STREET UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH. Some twelve years ago, a mission school was established, and has si been sustained by the First United Brethren Church. This grew, and September a mission church was organized. The pastor is Rev. George Mathews; membership now thirty, and in the Sabbath school an enrolln of 250 scholars. FIRST REFORMED CHURCH. Among the early settlers of Montgomery County were a number of formed families from Pennsylvania and Maryland, from which the first formed congregations in the Upper Miami Valley were gathered by 1 Thomas Winters, and by his son, Rev. David Winters. When pass through Dayton, the junior Winters stopped and preached several ti at the instance of his friends. Regular service was for a time held in court house, but soon the Christian Church, on Main street, was secured, wt in the spring or early summer of 1833, this church of Dayton was organ with seven members. Two years later, they worshiped in the court ho which was in that day a kind of religious center for struggling religious cieties. About this time a number of German families were taken into congregation, and services were held alternately in the English and Ger languages. Each part of the church, as divided in language, elected a ful of officers, viz. : Elders and Deacons. A charter for the congregation was tained from the Legislature January 13, 1836. On the 18th day of A] 1837, the Trustees of the church purchased the ground now owned and o pied by the church (on Ludlow, between First and Second streets), of Ge W. Simonds, for $700, and a tine brick edifice was erected thereon the f year (1837). The church was dedicated during the session of the Sy which convened here June 7, 1840. The dedicatory sermons were preache Rev. George Weisz, in German, and Rev. Henry Willard, in English. Ai teresting agitation of the rented pew system began in 1843, the better wt raising the salary of the pastor underlying the plan, which finally rescitt a decision to sell the pews. From the beginning of the enterprise a Ger interest was fostered in connection with the English. So encouraging the growth in this direction that a German organization of ninety five more was effected in 1849, as an integral part of the congregation In 1850 vision of the charge agitated the congregation. The charge conflate three congregations besides Dayton, which gave the town congregation prt ing but once in two weeks. For this interest, the whole of tbe pastor’s was claimed by some of its members. In the course of the agitation, peri matters were brought in. Alienations arose, and there were dissensions ar the brethren, and by these the career of prosperity enjoyed by the church i the dedication was seriously checked. The pastor resigned, and a divisi( the charge was effected. The Dayton congregation tendered Rev. David ters a call, but he preferred to take charge of the other three congregat A call was then made for Rev. A. P. Freeze, who entered upon the pastora 1851. Dr. Winters, the founder of the church, served seventeen years. Freeze retired in 1852 and was succeeded by the Rev. Samuel Phillips, remained but six months, retiring April 17, 1853. In September, I8a3 CITY OF DAYTON. 671 tilies withdrew to organize the Mt. Carmel congregation three miles west ie city. The church was then without a pastor for several years, when, on st day of January, 1856. the Rev. George "W Willard, D. D., assumed the aorate, and remained until December. 1860. During his ministry the con- •i ation was revived, and the church building put in repair. Large additions e made to the membership. In 1859, the German organization resolved to ad a house of worship of their own, and the church on the corner of Cass nClay streets is the monument of their enterprise. January 1, 1861, Rev. uisH. Kefouver succeeded Dr. Willard, and remained until July 1, 1863, 9 sing the first pastor who served the charge disconnected from any other nty supporting congregation. He remained until July 1, 1863. Rev. T. ucher became the pastor October 18, 1863. Under his pastorate the church i remodeled, the front and rear walls were removed in 1866, and the comer 09S for the improved structure laid September 3, 1866. Rev. Moses Keiffer j ered the address. The estimated cost of the improvements were from $15,- )(fco $20, 000. Rev. Mr. Bucher retired January 1, 1867, and was succeeded >r. Van Horne September 1, 1868, who served until 1875. He was suc- 3d by the present pastor, Rev. W. A. Hale, during whose ministry there v been 225 accessions to the church, making the membership now 405, and dpt of $7,500 canceled. Miss Katie Weikel, who died June 13, 1881, left ' e Trustees a two-story brick house, to be used and owned by the church as j ;sonage. SECOND REFORMED CHURCH (GERMAN). The origin and early history of this church in the city is fully Forth in the sketch of the above Reformed Church; hence we will not j at it in this connection. In the absence of the records of this branch he church we are unable to give the names of all of the ministers e German congregation prior to the building of their edifice on the corner ass and Clay streets, in 1859. However, we mention the following as nig them: Rev. A. Toenssneirer, Rev. C. Baecker and Rev. A. P. Freeze. T the church had resolved to build themselves a house of worship, they held ces in Clegg’s Hall, on Fifth street, where they continued worshiping 1 their church was ready for occupancy. Their pastor at this time was the • Mi’. Lueders. The church was dedicated in the fall of 1859, by Rev. Dr. . Rutenek, of Cleveland. Mr. Lueders served the congregation five years, ! i he was succeeded by the Rev. W. Wittenwieler. Rev. George Rettig wed Mr. Wittenwieler, and in May, 1867. Rev. O. J. Accola. the present a ir, took charge. Mr. Accola was absent from the pastorate from August. Li', until July, 1878, during this interval the pulpit was filled by the Rev. choepfle. The membership is about two hundred. FIRST (disciples’ CHRISTIAN) CHURCH. The church of this denomination was organized as the “ First Bap- v Church. " Its early history is that of the first Regular Baptist Church | layton, to which the reader is referred. After rejecting the articles nth on the 21st of March, 1829, it became a Campbellite Church, and as >. continued to worship in the brick church on the west side of Main street, lie corner of the alley between Water and First streets, until about 1850, la its place of worship was transferred to the present site on the northwest 0 er of Sixth and Brown streets, where is located a one-storv brick buildiiig t a basement. Among the pastors of the congregation, during their worship Hain street, were D. S. Burnett, David Gosney, William Pinkerton, L. 1 temison and J. R, Fraim; and the church was visited by such ministers of t denomination as Alexander Campbell, Walter Scott, Avlett Rames, Samuel 672 HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Hushom and Joshua Swallow. Its growth and prosperity fluctuated much to about 1850, since whicn time it has been self-sustaining in its ability make provision for pastors. From about 1849 to 1 862, the pulpit was filled Elder J. M. Henry, and succeeding him in regular order were Elders J Errett, J. M. Long, D. E. Van Buskirk, J. H. McCullough, L. H. Fraz Dennis M. D. Todd and L. R. Gault, the present incumbent, who has set the congregation three years. The nominal membership is under two hand Number of scholars in the Sabbath school, about one hundred and fifty, sides its domestic work, the church contributes to the District, State, Gene and Foreign Missionary Societies of the people with whom it is affiliated. 1 church officers are: L. R. Gault, A. C. Fenner, C. L. Loos, David McGri and Thomas Meridith, Elders; and H. H. Lauboch, Joel Needles, S. T. < terill. C. W. Crew, Benjamin Mundy and Rolla Cotterill, Deacons; of wl Fenner. Laudoch, S, T. Cotterill, Crew and Mundy, are Trustees. « BROADWAY CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Sometime during the year 1828, nine persons assembled at the hi of Father Bruen, and organized the church in question. Messrs. 0 lease, Heiser and L. Bruen, were chosen Trustees. Soon thereafter erected on Main, between Fourth and Fifth streets, upon a lot now o pied by the residence of G. W. Rogers, a church building known as TJ; Meeting-House. In 1848, the church was re-organized by the advice and of Elders Caleb Worley and Melyn D. Baker, and a new covenant ad ed which was signed by twenty-one members, and soon thereafter seven names were added, making thirty-eight members in all. During the lowing year, Luther Bruen, a prominent member, died, and bequeathed to church the south half of Lot 206, upon which the meeting-house stood. 1852, the church commenced receiving colored persons, and was most li the first church organization to take steps toward negro equality. Three j I later the Bruen heirs purchased the half lot of the church for $1,300, w sum was put out at interest. From 1851 to 1857, the church was withe pastor, and the pulpit was supplied by the conference. The church was a re-organized in the year 1858, the re-organization taking effect in the M City Schoolhouse, on Baxter street, with thirty-nine members. In Jam 1859, a Sunday school was organized with J. Demint, Superintendent. Thef year the church purchased two lots on Brown street (now corner of Broadway Home avenue), and appointed a Building Committee to erect a house of won The present one-story brick with basement was then erected, and in June, 1 the basement was dedicated with services by P. McCullough, the pastor o charge. From 1864, to 1867, the church was without a pastor, the pulpit a being supplied by the conference. In 1868, the auditorium was finished furnished and dedicated by the Rev. J. Weeks, father of the pastor, thn whose efforts the auditorium was finished. It has a seating capacity of and the property is valued at $4,000. In 1872-73, during the pastor a W. A. Gross, the building debt of the church, amounting to several hur dollars, was paid. The name of the church was changed in 1874 to “Broa- Christian Church.” In 1876 an effort was made to unite with theChri (Disciples) Church, which failed. The Sabbath school has continued wi intermission since organization, except a short time during the late war. 1 are enrolled at this time sixty scholars; church membership, fifty -seven. , following is a list of the ministers since organization: Revs. T. S. Well W. Humphreys, J. M. Dawson, J. T. Lynn, P. McCullough, J. W. Wee Bvrkitt, H. Y. Rush, W. A. Gross, J. S. Jones, W. J. Lawrence, J. W. N< C. D. Williamson, George Tenney. Since 1878, the church has been with pastor. CITY OF DAYTON. 373 EMANUEL CHURCH (GERMAN) EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION. m 1840. the Emanuel Church (German) Evangelical Association was iished by Rev. A. B. Schafer, of the Ohio Conference, when on Miami ; it. The first meeting held in Dayton was in August of that year, at ) iisidence of Peter Schneiber. In the following year, a class of twelve .iers was formed and attached to Miami Circuit as a mission. For J] years, they held services at private houses; and, as the membership in- ud, a hall was rented on Fourth near Wilkinson street, where the Sabbath id of the congregation was organized. In 1843, a lot on the corner of •ilht and Fifth streets was purchased for $200 and a small, brick church, y, feet, built for $4,000. The dedication took place the first Sabbath in • Amber, 1843; sermon by Rev. A. B. Schafer. In 1849, on the same lot, end church, 38x50 feet, was erected, just in front of the former building. aJ; completed in 1841, and dedicated by the same pastor. In 1855, it be- iiija station, and two years later was detached from the Ohio and added to idiana Conference. In 1870, it again became necessary to hnd a more i odious place of worship, and a lot on Commercial street, near Fifth, was ■cased for $2, 500, and the present church building was erected at a cost of V, )0. It is a two-story brick, 45x80 feet, with a tower. Below is the Sun- ,:hool and class rooms, and above the auditorium, which has a seating ; ty of over five hundred, and the gallery. The building was opened for vie the same year, and dedicated by Bishop R. Dubs, D. D. The follow- i >; jistors, in the order named, have served the church : Rev. A. B. Schafer, r John Hall, Rev. Fred Meyer, Rev. Jacob Burkert, Rev. Levi Hess, Rev. Eppring, Rev. A. B. Shafer, Rev. John Nicolai, Rev. Hoag, Rev. A. Dreis- ! Rev. John Dreisbach, Rev. Dari Strohman, Rev. Leonard Scheurman m. Stueffe, Rev. Philip Brech, Rev. F. Weithoupt, Rev. John Fuchs, vl. M. Gomer, Rev. M. Hoehn, Rev. M. Stueffe, Rev. M. Klaiber, Rev. B Kaufman, Rev. J. E. Troger. Rev. J. M. Gomer and J. F. Hansing, the s it incumbent. . Sabbath school was organized with the church, and J. H. Guenther be- Mfche first Superintendent. The present enrollment of church and Sabbath 1 l is 240 and 225 respectively. DUNKARn CHURCH. V'e have been unable, after diligent search, to find a record of this n, or to obtain from any of the membership anything of its history, ues are no longer held in the little cpiaint brick church of this de- viation, still standing on the corner of Van Buren and Jackson streets, 6 erected more than half a century ago. In the general history of the l, V will be found a full sketch of the German Baptist, commonly known as 1 Junkard Church of the county. This city congregation was a branch of 11 • paver Creek Church. THE KILO KODISH b’nAI JESHMEN. 'his Hebrew congregation was formed in 1850, with about a dozen • ! ,J ers, among whom were Jacob Schwab, Joseph Lebensburger, Abraham 4 Simon Ach, Adam Lebolt, Morris Wertheimer and Abraham Mack. e|irst President of the congregation was Joseph Lebensburger. They wly met in what was once the old Dayton Bank, on Main street, 1 ".the residence of Joseph Bimm, and in the upper story of the house am street, now occupied by Mr. Ohmer, the furniture dealer. About he tear 1864, they purchased the church on the northeast corner of 1,1 h and Jefferson streets, of the Baptists, where their services have since 674 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. been held. To begin with, they had no Rabbi, and a Mr. Wendell servi teacher. There is a membership now of over thirty. The Rev. A. K. Ft was the first Rabbi who presided over the congregation. He came in 1 and was succeeded in 1880 by the Rev. G. Tanbenhouse, now in charge. The present officers of the society are as follows: President, Sole Rauh; Vice President, Solomon Strauss; Treasurer, Eliah Rauh, Secre Jonas Rosenthal; Trustees, Gabriel Hass, Adolph Newsalt and Moses Gla UNION CHAPEL METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH. Some time during the late war, several families, among whom were Shaefer and wife, and J. S. Binkerd and wife, with the Rev. A. M. venscraft, met and organized the Union Chapel Methodist Protestant Chi They first held service in the United Presbyterian Church, then in nett’s Hall, on Wayne street. About the year 1869 or 1870, the b ing styled “ Union Chapel, ” located on the corner of Barr and Com cial streets, was erected by them at a cost of $2, 500, It was afterwar larged and a parsonage added to the church property, costing $1,500. Pa of the church up to the fall of 1881, have been as follows: Rev. R. A. \\ burn, Rev. J W. Spring, Rev. N. G. Oglesby, Rev. W. F. Dickerman, C. S. Evans, Rev. S. K. Spohn, and Rev. Charles Cadwallader. The cl property was turned over to the conference the last-named year, and the gregation disbanded. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH OF DAYTON. Catholicity in Dayton is said to have had its inception in the j 1831, when removed from Baltimore, Md., to this city, Robert Conway' family, consisting of his wife, Sarah, and the following named chill Hannah, Mary, Elizabeth. Ellen, Catharine, Michael, Adam, Edward Robert. They came to Dayton in the spring of 1831, and were for f time the only Catholic family in the then town or village of Dayton, Conway being zealous in the cause of Christ, and entertaining great io' his spiritual mother, the church, felt keenly the deprivation of the spi: wants of himself and family, and in the following year arranged with the Father E. T. Collins, of Cincinnati, an American priest, to become a ref of Dayton, he (Conway) being responsible for his livelihood. Father C came, and during his stay in Dayton of about two years, the Conway rest was his home, and for a portion of that time it was the place of worship family constituting the congregation. This same year and the year folio several Catholic German and Irish families settled in Dayton. The city then was in its infancy. There, where we to-day see fine streets and and palatial business houses and residences, was nothing but large exj of woods which were in some places cleaned by the ax of the nidus settler and planted with corn and grain. Here, in the land of their adc they had no place of worsh ip as at home. But God who provides for a got them not. Cincinnati was already then a Bishopric. Although the I had but few priests under his disposal, he always sent out several of thei traversed the State, and visited the Catholics who lived scattered aboi ministering to them the consolations of their holy religion. Dayton was also visited by these gentlemen, among whom wertj Fathers Thienpont, Juncker (the first priest consecrated in the United S Horstman, Henni (late Archbishop of Milwaukee), Tochenhens, Wurz, and Murphy. Some of them became resident priests, and of such more 1 said hereafter. Other priests came at various times, whose names canu'i be recalled. The Conway residence soon became too small to arcomi the increasing members who were gathering from all quarters to listen CITY OF DAYTON. 675 .kings of the ordained servants of Christ, and worship at the altar of the os High, and services were then held in a one-story brick building, a part of id was occupied as a bakery, located on St. Clair street, opposite the park. liter an almost insurmountable amount of trouble, it was at last made sjble, by Eev. Father Emanuel Thienpont, to bring together a congregation /mild a church. It was completed in 1837, and dedicated in November of ; line year. How it was made possible to build the church appears to be iacle, when we consider the small number who constituted the congrega- l; who scarcely had more of this world’s goods than were needed to live on. is a one-story brick building, and stood on the present site of Emanuel's i ; ck parsonage, on Franklin, between Ludlow street and Prairie avenue, ... divas taken down after the new church was completed. [Father Thienpont officiated as pastor from 1837 until the middle of 1844. -accessor was the Rev. Henry 1). Juncker. Under his pastorage the Jock ■ ased considerable, so that the church had to be enlarged. Father Juncker s thought a large organ and three magnificent, pure white marble altars, hip are yet in use in Emanuel’s Church, greatly admired for their mag- tbnce. Rev. Juncker was destined by Providence to serve in a more responsible i of the vineyard, and in the year 1857, he was elected Bishop, and conse- I in the cathedral in Cincinnati, for the newly erected bishopric of Alton, He faithfully served his Lord and Master in this capacity until 1868, i the was called home to receive the reward for his labors. In May, 1857, Rev. Father John F. Hahne was sent by the reverend Arch- ■p to succeed Rev. Juncker, who served, as the pastor of Emanuel’s until - eath in February, 1882, and always worked for the best interest and wel- f of the congregation, for which the great proof of his never wearying care present Emanuel’s Church fully vouches. The following reverend gentle- ie have been given Father Hahne as assistant pastors: Rev. J. Schiff, Yolm, racpnce May of 1863, his brother, Father Charles Hahne, who is familiarly Kim by the members of the congregation as “ Father Charles.” In April, >1 Rev. Father William .Scholl was installed as second assistant pastor of n'nuol, Rev. Father Charles Hahne being unable to attend to all the cares |e congregation without assistance, which was kindly given by his Grace, ufeverend Archbishop. of Cincinnati. About the year 1869, it was noticed that the old church (erected in 1837), ? [becoming decrepit. This was the cause of many hours of care and sleep- knights for Father Hahne, who always had a fatherly care for the welfare is congregation. His fear of an accident by falling walls, etc. , was like- ! ! entertained by the congregation. He was, therefore, anxious to avert : i evil, but how could it be done? After considering the matter with prac- c and experienced men, he at last came to the decision of erecting a new Ach. This decision was greeted with a hearty and enthusiastic approba- - ,0 by th9 congregation. Of course, there were those very few who thought uld be “propped up” and held together, but they all came to see the fal l( j of their ideas, and joined' with the others in freely subscribing for the e church. After Father Hahne was assured of the amount the congregation id subscribe, he, with experienced architects, set to work making plans, 7 ':ih resulted in adopting a plan by which the present church was erected. [ located on Franklin street, just east of the site of the old church. The i’ stone of the foundation was laid September 8, 1871. the anniversary of the a of our Blessed Lady, according to the Roman Catholic calendar. It is h largest church edifice in the city, and a very imposing structure of the hue order. It is built of brick, with limestone trimmings; the outside ’ n surement 166x84 feet. There are two towers in front, each 212 feet high, of i 676 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. and one in the rear of 150 feet. The vestibule is 42x8 feet, the entranc which is effected through three doors fifteen feet high, and of proportion width. From the vestibule to the audience room are three large doorw The windows, of beautiful stained glass, are thirty-five feet high and six wide. The audience room is 126x66 feet, and sixty feet from floor to ceil There are two galleries in front, one above the other. Opposite the main trance is the sanctuary, in front of which is a low, elliptical iron railing i handsome gilt ornaments. The central altar is within a semi-circular re< which reaches to the ceiling, the canopy of which represents the bine fii ment studded with stars. In the front is the altar of beautiful white Its marble, with appropriate inscriptions. On the back wall of the recess, above the altar, is the scene of the crucifixion. The figure of the Sai which is of plaster, appears nailed to a plain, wooden cross, which is se teen feet high. On the right is a marble altar dedicated to the Virgin, on the left another to St. Joseph; in a niche above the appropriate altar apji a statue of the Blessed Virgin, with the infant Savior in her arms. On corner of the recess is a piece of statuary representing Santa Rosa, of L Peru, who is the first American saint, and perhaps the only one on the ca dar. On the other corner, a statue of St. Aloysius, and in a a niche above altar dedicated to St. Joseph appears a statue of that saint. The fresci of the walls is chaste and elegant in design and execution. The pews ai black walnut and ash, and will seat 1,500 people, and the children’s gal 600. The cost of the edifice was in the neighborhood of $100,000. The! work was done by Frederick Hoelzen, the' carpenter work by B. Lampert L. Kingner, and the frescoing by Arnold Hahne. The dedication oecu October 6, 1878, and the ceremonies attending it made up the most impo pageant of the kind ever witnessed in Dayton. Archbishop Purcell, Bit Borgess, of Detroit, and other distinguished churchmen were present. It estimated that 7,000 persons from abroad were present and took part in ceremonies. The interior of the church had been profusely decorated, the buildings in the vicinity displayed from their windows and balconies ners and bannerets on which were emblazoned the stars and stripes, shoi that the Catholics in their devotion to the mother church had not forge the temporal powers under which they live, and which guarantee religious erty to all. Across Main street from the buildings, along Franklin and o thoroughfares through which the procession moved, the starry folds of American flag everywhere greeted the gorgeously bedecked banners of the ous societies which were accompanied by the Knights Templar and Sold Home bands. At the church, Archbishop Purcell, with his attendant dea and acolytes chanting the Litany of the Saints, took in the circuit of the chi sprinkling the walls with holy water. Pontifical high mass was then ceiel ed by Bishop Borgess, of Detroit, and the dedication sermon preached by A bishop Purcell from the Apocalypse, 20th chapter, 2d and 3d verses. The death of the beloved pastor of this church, Rev. Father Join Hahne, the oldest Catholic priest in Dayton, was announced by the tollin, bells on the night of February 21, 1882. He was born in the city of Sc! wig, in the State of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, April 19, 1815. His ents were laboring people, his father being a shoemaker, and he the o child. Both his father and mother were strict Catholics. From his mother received his first instructions in religion, and as a boy he announced In tention of devoting his life to the church. As he advanced in years, this did not leave him. His pai’ents were too poor to admit of his devoting, time to study, but he improved every opportunity of obtaining books and formation, laying aside such means as he could, until, having learned his ti he left home to make his own way in life. He passed some time in Mini CITY OF DAYTON. 677 uia, and then having saved some money, he went to Freibourg, and sub- jiintly to Switzerland, and pursued his studies among the Jesuits, acting tL capacity of private tutor for a time at Hagen, and was finally, after a ; ' and hard struggle, ordained as a priest in the city of Osnabruck, Decern - •;3, 1848. He spent some time at Alfhausan, Germany, and there he re- - vl the appointment of Chaplain in the army at Schleswig, his native place. jiptember, 1851, he came to America, and went directly to Cincinnati, ; he received the appointment as assistant pastor at the church of St. i Imena.’ After remaining there a short time, he received the appointment distant pastor in St. Paul’s Church, where he continued until May, 1857. > being a vacancy in the church at Dayton about this time, Father Hahne sfegarded as the best fitted by the qualities he had shown for the position, lie received the appointment. The choice was justified by the zealous n; tpr in which he entered on his new duties, Soon secui’ing the confidence Ibve of those with whom his lot was cast. By his efforts, some of the most . i hnt Catholic organizations in the city were established. In private life ti r Hahne was warm hearted and of attractive disposition. In the chui’ch t -ws recognized as one of the most efficient priests in the Cincinnati Diocese, 'he occasion of the funeral of Father Hahne marked another eventful ii in the history of Catholicism in Dayton. Emanuel’s Church was appro- a ly draped, and people by the thousands came from all quarters to witness jrvice of the last sad rites of respect to the dead priest. Kt. Rev. Bishop . Elder, of Cincinnati, and Bishop Tobbe, of Covington, with the priests i city, and many from abroad, together with the numerous Catholic socie- s : Dayton, were in the funeral cortege. A more solemn assemblage, or a ^impressive ceremony, perhaps, was never witnessed in the city. This oc- e i< was as solemn and sad as that of the consecration of the church was joy- ;d grand. 'ather Charles Hahne succeeded his lamented brother to the pastorate of ngregation, and Rev. Father William Scholl became the first assistant., e xngregation now nxxmbers about four thousand souls. st. Joseph’s chukch. h the year 1846 or 1847, Emanuel’s congregation became numerically reat to congregate in one chiu’ch, which fact, together with a desire e part of the English speaking portion to have a house of wor- 1 4 their own, led to the withdrawal of that class and the formation of ■soph's congregation, and the building of the church of that name, located 1 ip northeast corner of Madison and Second streets, in the year 1847. Go lots upon which the church and pastor’s residence stand were pur d for the sum of $2,000. The church as erected in 1847, was about one- f js present size, and was built at a cost of something over $6,000. The 1 was unfinished; hence, it was without the grace since given it by the tall Flagon shaped spire. The first pastor of St. Joseph’s congregation was -w. Father Patrick O’Maley, who was succeeded in 1850 by his brother, ’ather Joseph O’Maley, who remained in charge until 1853, when he was ‘ ded by Rev. Father O’Conner, whose pastorate was of short duration, he % been followed the same yeax - by Father Thomas Bulger. Rev. Father J. Kelly became Father Bulger’s successor in 1856, and continued in Iptorate of St. Joseph until his death, September 29, 1867. Duifing his 1'uinistry at this charge, the tower of the church, was completed, and the airgest bell in the city hung therein. It is a very sweet toned bell, and > .d in Cincinnati ; and there was also placed in the tower a large city ! ’-t A year or two later, the l’ear portion of the church, as it now stands, Ided at an expense of $6,000. The building, constructed of brick, is 678 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. plain but substantial, and in keeping with church edifices built in its Saving a small vestibule in the front on entering the building, the i space within its walls is one large audience room. There is a gallery in and on either side extending about one-half the length of the auditc The gallery is supplied with a large pipe organ. The frescoing of the c and walls, and the symbolic representations in the sanctuary, thougl wearing the appearance of age, impress one of former elegance and b Its seating capacity is about one thousand. Father Kelley was a native of Kilkenny, Ireland, and was born Sept 7, 1820. After having pursued a com - se of study in the College of St. I in the town of his nativity, he came to America in 1850, and finishe education at St. Mary’s College, Cincinnati, and on the 1st of May, 185; ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Purcell. His first charge ■ Wiikesville, this State. He was transferred to Dayton, and succeede Rev. Father Bulger, as before stated, in the pastorate of this church. I a man of most exemplary character. In his intercourse with his fellow cii he exhibited all those amiable traits of private life which are calculated cure the friendship and esteem of all. He was beloved and honored 1 people of this charge. The funeral obsequies of Father Kelley were solemn and imposing, attendance was large, making a similar procession, which is obvious to t: idents of the city or to those acquainted with it, when it is stated that I the head of the procession reached the top of Main street hill, the rear hj yet crossed the railway at Sixth street. The procession was made up the numerous German and English Catholic Beneficial Societies; f twenty priests in their robes, chanting solemnly, who were followed by t ket containing the deceased, borne upon the shoulders of six young inei came the friends and citizens. The church was appropriately draped in mourning, and Archbi shop ’ delivered a most appropriate and imposing panegyric over the departed. 1 Bishop Rosecrans, of Columbus, and other dignitaries of the church were] Father Kelley’s assistants in the pastorate were Fathers R. N. Youj| O’Rourke, the latter succeeding him to the pastorate of the church, and Charles Daugherty became his assistant. Father O’Rourke served unt when he was succeeded by Rev. Richard Gilmore, now Bishop of Cle ! His assistant was Father Francis Cubero. Father Gilmore was succeeded or 1872 by Father William M. Carey, under whom served as assistants . O’Reilly, Murphy and Grace. Father Carey served the congregation uj summer of 1879, when his successor, Rev. Father James O’Donohu charge and is still the pastor. He is assisted by Father James M. The congregation now numbers about three thousand five hundred soul pastor’s residence, a substantial two-story brick, adjoins the church congregation is so rapidly increasing that the church edifice is too sma commodate all, and the erection of a new building is contemplated. ST. mahy’s chukch. Owing to the great increase of Catholics in the city and this vicinii found necessary, in 1859, to make another division of Emanuel’s; h erection of St. Mary’s Church, located on the corner of Xenia avemie a street. The ground upon which the church, schoolhouse and pastor’s r, stands was donated by Albert McClure for church purposes. The ski lot was 150 feet front by 280 feet deep. This was at once improved a tified, and to-day presents a lovely appearance, with the many fruit an, trees that dot its surface. The present edifice was erected in 1859- cost of 19,427. It is of brick, and in size 110x50 feet. It has a tc CITY OF DAYTON. 681 j the latter of which is, like all Catholic churches, surmounted by a large cl’oa the emblem of the crucified Son of God. Within the tower are three Li and a clock. The interior of the building is handsomely decorated and ■tied. Over the altar is a fine painting of the ascension of our Lord, and the piling is decorated with many scriptural scenes. The windows are of -i >d glass, though modest. A fine altar has just been placed in the church, ustjig |1,200. It is of Gothic design, constructed of black walnut, with gold fings. The dedication of this edifice took place on the 15th of August, Sermon by Bishop Henry I). Juncker. Father Schili’ was the first pas- the congregation, and served the church until 1869. He was a native I'ussia, Germany, and was born January 23, 1826; was ordained in the v>f Cincinnati, in 1858, and died near Baltimore, Md., November 2, 1873. Lifer Schiff was succeeded by the Rev. Father Henry L. Stuckenborg, who as- , 1 his duties October 10, 1869, and has since continued in the pastorate of lurch. The pastor’s residence was built by Father Stuckenborg in 1871. 1 ia two-storv brick, 40x36 feet, contains eight large rooms, and cost $5,000. 'congregation numbers 220 families, or about twelve hundred persons. HOLY TKINITY CHURCH. Despite the split of Emanuel’s congregation to form the above men- 1 church, her edifice was not large enough to hold all the members .e congregation, and another church became a necessity. In 1860, jid was secured od the corner of Fifth and Brainbridge streets, and ■iw Church erected thereon. It is an imposing structure, one story high, 'ill large. In size it is about 160x70 feet. It is constructed of brick, with "tone trimmings, and has in the center front a massive tower in which is aded a bell, and is adjusted a large clock. In front are three entrances ajiarrow hall, from which open into the auditorium the same number of The church is supplied with a large and fine organ, placed in the gal- in the rear of the audience room. The interior finish of the church in i of magnificence and beauty compares favorably with that of Emanuel’s, description of which has been given. The frescoing, elegant in design Irish, representing Scriptural scenes, and the altars with their numerous cations are rarely excelled in more pretentious edifices. There can be rjirjlbly seated in the building 1,000 persons. lev. F. J. Goetz was given this congregation as pastor, and he has ever K been the faithful shepherd of his flock, assisted by Revs. Kress, now at ing, Ohio, and Frohmiller, the latter now yet acting in this capacity. Che church was dedicated August 18, 1861, by Bishop Henry D. Juncker, -'ton, 111. lev. Father N. Nickels also served as assistant priest of the church in con- u with Father D. Kress from January, 1872, until 1875. Father J. B. niller was installed as assistant pastor in July, 1875. There are about three 'fed and fifty families in the church. The present "Wardens are: T. A. yr. 0. J. Ferneding, P. Schommer, A. Eicheulaub and J. L. Butz. m connection with the several churches are a number of benevolent, ben- 'dand other societies, which aid and work in harmony with that body, ,J of which, known outside of the church, are as follows: St. Charles ■ al Benevolent Society of Emanuel’s Church, organized in 1863; Knights * George, of the same church, organized February 7. 1875; and Knights George of Holy Trinity Church, organized in November, 1871. The 'yership of these two last named organizations is about seventy-five and x1 hve, respectively. Joseph’s Benevolent Society, of the church of that name, organized in loo... Its present membership is seventy-five. Hibernians, another so- Y 682 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. ciety of the English speaking Catholics of the city, organized March 17. 18 Membership now ninety. And St. Joseph’s Orphan Society (of the Cathol in general), organized mainly through the efforts of Father John F. Hah Number of members enrolled, between three and four hundred, YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. The formation of the Young Men’s Christian Association of Dayton ' the direct result of a religious awakening throughout the city during winter of 1869-70. At this time, a call was issued for the young men of city to meet at the First Lutheran Church, on Sunday afternoon, February 1870. At this meeting, several hundred were present. A resolution favor the formation of a Y. M. C. A. was unanimously adopted, and a committee which T. O. Lowe was Chairman, was appointed to draft a constitution by-laws. This Committee soon after made its report, and on March 2. 18 the Association was formally organized with It. W. Steele as President. There having been a young men’s reading room in the city, its outfit purchased by the Association, and on March 31, the Y. M. C. A. parlors reading room were thrown open to the public. These rooms were located the Journal Building, on Main street, between Second and Third. H. P. Adams, of Manchester, N. H., was installed as General Secretary which capacity he continued until the spring of 1874, when he was called toi charge of the Assocation at Baltimore, Md. ,the vacancy thus created in the Dai branch being temporarily filled by W. A. Wagner, who remained in the posii until August, 1874 when D. A. Sinclair, the present incumbent, was appoin In the spring of 1875, a movement wms started to get the Association a building of its own, and, notwithstanding the hard times of that year, me enough was subscribed to purchase the present elegant quarters at Nos. 32 34 East Fourth street, which were remodeled and furnished throughout. The property now owned by them is a lot with a frontage of sixty-five 1 and a depth of 200 feet, on the front of which is a handsome two-story 1 building with stone capped windows and doors. The door opens into a cious hall, to the right of which are elegantly furnished double parlors, back of these a lecture room, with a seating capacity of 100. On the se King, A. S. Wensthoff, G. Y. Jones and M. F. Hooven. CITY OF DAYTON. 683 CHAPTER VIII. Ytional — Introduction — Public Schools — German Schools — Night jboOLS— Colored Schools— Instruction in Music— High Schools— -hool Law— Superintendent of Instruction — Intermediate School— >umal Sciiool—Board of Examiners— Public Library— Free Night Sdustkial Schools— Statement of Superintendent of Penmanship— I iOPER Academy— Catholic Schools— Saint Emanuel’s, Saint Joseph’s, Sint Mary’s, Holy Trinity, Sisters of Notre Dame, Saint Mary’s Istitute— Commercial College. HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS OF DAYTON. BY ROBERT IV. STEELE * f creditable to the first settlers of Dayton that as early as 1799 a school was tight in a block-house located at the head of Main street, which had been its a protection against Indians. It was no ordinary interest in the educa- their children which led them to establish a school amid the privations of r life and danger from hostile Indians. Benjamin Van Cleve, so prominent nearly histoiy of Dayton, was the teacher, and the school was continued for ^months in 1799 and 1800. In the fall of 1804, Cornelius Westfall, a Ken- kn, opened a school in a cabin on Main street, south of First, and taught a He was succeeded in 1805, by Swansey Whiting, of Pennsylvania. It is He that Dayton was at no time without a school, but we find no mention of imes of other teachers at this early period. Fortunately the records of the Ijyton Academy’ were carefully preserved by r the late John W. Van Cleve, ipm this source we can trace the history of that institution. 1807, an act incorporating the Dayton Academy’ was obtained from the : it u re. The incorporators were James Welsh. Daniel C. Cooper, William re, David Reid, Benjamin Van Cleve, George F. Tennery, John Folkerth ■ ines Hanna. In 1808, the trustees erected by subscription a substantial Dry brick schoolhouse, on the lot adjoining the ground now occupied by the k’resbyterian Church. Mr. I). C. Cooper, the proprietor of the town, a man ;ye views, donated in addition to his subscription, two lots and a bell, illiam M. Smith, afterward for many r years a prominent citizen of Dayton, !e first teacher employed. In his contract with the Trustees he proposed to I I reading, writing, arithmetic, the classics and the sciences." Training in von was made prominent, one of the rules of the school requiring that “ for improvement of the boys in public speaking a certain number, previously ap- 'd by the teacher, shall at every public examination pronounce orations and ‘lies, in prose and verse, to be selected or approved by T the teacher, and famil- ies shall be recited in the presence of the teacher by’ all the boy’s, in rota- ! ho can read with facility, every’ Saturday morning.” 1820, the Lancasterian or “ mutual instruction " system of education was Yg great interest throughout the United States, and the Trustees of the Day- - ademy determined to introduce it in that institution. The Trustees were e : 1 H. Crane, Aaron Baker, William M. Smith, George S. Houston and David i If was necessary to erect a building specially adapted to the purpose, 'use was built on the lot adjoining the academy, and consisted of a single a sixty-two feet long and thirty 7 -two feet wide. The floor was brick, and the ’ftps heated by “convolving flues” underneath the floor. The walls were ypter A HI, excepting Saint Mary’s Institute and Commercial College, contributed by Robert W. Steele. 1 684 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY' COUNTY. hung with printed lesson-cards, before which the classes were placed to v under the charge of monitors selected from their own number. A Iona', na desk, thickly covered with silver sand, was provided, upon which, with sticks youngest scholars copied and learned the letters of the alphabet. Gideon McMillan, an expert, was appointed teacher, and in the fail of the school was opened. It was continued until, like so many other theori education, the system was superseded, leaving no doubt a residuum of good w has been incorporated with our present advanced methods of instruction. A few of the rules adopted for the government of the school may iilns some of the peculiarities of the system : “The moral and literary instruction of the pupils entered at the Dayton casterian Academy will be studiously, diligently and temperately attended to “ They will Ire taught to spell and read deliberately and distinctly, agree to the rules laid down in Walker’s Dictionary ; and in order to do that corn they will be made conversant with the first rules of grammar. The senior will be required to give a complete grammatical analysis of the words as proceed. “ They will be required to write with freedom all the different hands no use, on the latest and most approved plan of proportion and distance. “ There will be no public examinations at particular seasons ; in a Lane rian school every day being an examination day, at which all who have leisni invitee! to attend.” In 1821, the Trustees adopted the following resolution, which would In accord with present ideas of the jurisdiction of boards of education or tli thority of teachers : “ Resolved , That any scholar attending the Lancasterian School who m found playing ball on the Sabbath, or resorting to the woods or commons or day for sport, shall forfeit any badge of merit he may have obtained, and tw live tickets ; and if the offense appears aggravated, shall be further degradi the tutor shall think proper and necessary ; and that this resolution be n school every Friday previous to the dismission of the scholors.” The high hopes excited by the Lancasterian system of education, its ge adoption in the towns and cities of the United States, and its entire abandon is an interesting episode in school history, and may serve to moderate our e siasm for new methods of instruction until thoroughly tested by experience. In 1833, the academy property was sold, and a new building erected o purchased on the southwest corner of Fourth and Wilkinson streets. At this the Trustees were Aaron Baker, Job Haines, Obadiali B. Conover, James 1 and John W. Van Cleve. Mr. E. E. Barney, a graduate of Union College York, was elected Principal in 1834. By the introduction of the anal methods of instruction, Mr. Barney exerted an important influence on our j schools. Teachers educated by him carried these methods into the schools vance of most places in the West, and gave them in their early history r reputation. In 1857, the academy property was donated by the stockholders to the of Education, and the Central High School building stands on the site former copied by the academy. Our high school may thus trace its history back to Among early Dayton teachers, Francis Glass, the author of a'“ Life ofWai ton,” in Latin, is worthy of special notice. Mr. I. P. Reynolds, a pupil ol this county in 1823, and who was instrumental in procuring the public!’. - i( Harper Brothers, of his “Life of Washington,” in the introduction to that work, this account of him. He was educated in Philadelphia, taught for a time i interior of Pennsylvania, but removed in 1817 or 1818 to the Miami co where he was employed as a teacher in various places. Mr. Reynolds wish pursue classical studies, heard of Glass as a competent teacher, and deter mi visit him. He saj’s : “ I found him in a remote part of the county, in ; CITY OF DAYTON. 685 n'borhood of thrifty farmers, who hacl employed him to* instruct their children, ;,hci.n general, were then acquiring the simplest rudiments of an English educa- q The schoolhouse now rises fresh on my memory. It stood on the banks of dll stream, in a thick grove of native oaks, resembling more a den for Druid - ljtes, than a temple of learning. The building was a low log cabin, with a [trail roof, but indifferently tight ; all the light of heaven found in this cabin n; through apertures made on each side in the logs, and these were covered Ailed paper to keep out the cold air, while they admitted the dim rays. The r,or benches were of hewed timbers, resting on upright posts, placed in the oild to keep them from being overturned by the mischievous urchins, who sat tj:m. In the center was a large stove, between which and the back part of hiding, stood a small desk without lock or key, made of rough plank over i( a plane had never passed ; and behind this desk sat Prof. Glass when I tfd his school. The moment he heard that my intention was to pursue the study f; languages with him, his whole soul appeared to beam from his counte- m” le had already commenced his “Life of Washington ” in Latin, but had been hindered by his poverty. Mr. Reynolds furnished him the means to remove l.yton, where the work was completed. He taught in Dayton for some time, 1 he quaint advertisements of his school frequently appear in the Watchman tat period. The following characteristic one is found in the Watchman of 1 Y “The subscriber having completed the biography of Washington, which 1 jngaged the greater portion of his attention and solicitude for the last two a and being constiained to remain in Dayton for some months for the i'|se of correcting the proof-sheets of said work, respectfully announces ! Apis school is now open for students of either sex who may wish to prosecute sfc|l, mathematical or English studies. As respects his literary attainments, snding as a scholar, he refers to the faculty of arts of any university or col- i n the United States.” It is sad to think that the poor author did not enjoy jttisfaction of “correcting the proof-sheets” of the work which had been the oing ambition of his life. His friend, Mr. Reynolds, took the manuscript, led in vain to find a publisher. Leaving the country for a voyage round the r on his return, he found that Francis Glass had died. The work was not ; ' Led until 1835. It is certainly a very remarkable production for a country |( . teacher, remote from libraries. Its Latinit}^ has been pronounced good by tvrs, and it was adopted as a text-book in many schools. A copy of the work nie found in the Dayton Public Library. lilo G. Williams was another teacher of mark, at an early da} 7 . In 1833, he spvited by Mr. David Pruden to come to Dayton to take charge of a manual lf J school to be established in the large brick building owned by him, which, i recently, stood at the junction of Jefferson and Warren streets. Mr. Will- ' was to conduct the academic, and Mr. Pruden the labor and boarding depart- 1 ■ The large building was used for the school and boarding purposes, and '] were erected for instruction in various mechanical trades. A large number - Ip from Cincinnati and other places were attracted to the school by Mr. ! nns’ reputation as a teacher, and the school enjoyed great popularity. Not pg a pecuniary success, it was closed after a few 3 r ears’ trial, and Mr. Will- ' returned to Cincinnati to continue his work as a teacher there. Both Mr. I nns and Mr. Pruden were actuated try philanthropic motives in the establish- ' ■' jof the school, and deserve credit for the attempt to combine intellectual cult- pith preparation for the practical duties of life. How this may be done is perplexing the minds of educators, and it is no discredit to them that they did Yid the solution. j n 1844, by invitation of the Trustees, Mr. Williams returned to Dayton to Ipkarge of the Dayton Academy, where he taught for several years with great ,i( c f ance - Solicited by leading members of the religious denominations to which 686 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. he belonged, he resigned to take a position in a college of his church at Urb: at which place he died in 1880, having reached a ripe old age. He was a oei man of fine presence, admirable social qualities, and ever ready to unite ' others in efforts for the public welfare. He was one of the founders and the 1 President of the Dayton Library' Association, and, in many ways, left his imp on the community. But perhaps the teacher who made the deepest impression on our systei education was Mr. E. E. Barney. Coming to Dayton in 1834, he brought i him from New York the most advanced methods of teaching, and introdi them here. He inspired his scholars with his own enthusiasm, and transfer study from a drudgery to a pleasure. He procured the best apparatus foi illustration of natural science, and by frequent excursions to the country soi to make his pupils familiar with the botany and geology of this region. Qoi sition and declamation were required studies in the school, and a literary soc and library were established under his auspices. He encouraged the plantin trees, and the cultivation of flowers, and, by every? means at his command, soi to develop a symmetrical character. He was quick to notice the aptitude ol pupils for particular professions in life, and his advice often exerted an impoi influence on their after career. The discipline of the school was mild, but and largely left to the honor of the pupils. Corporal punishment was la resorted to. Each morning the school was opened with the reading of the S tu res and prayer. In 1838, when a public meeting was called to determine upon the buildir the first public schoolhouses, Mr. Barney heartily advocated the measure. Alth< the patronage of his private school might be decreased, he permitted no 9e motives to interfere with what he believed would promote the public inter His experience and advice were freely? given in planning and seating the schoolhouses, and his school furnished a corps of educated teachers who ca: at once the newest methods of instruction into the public schools. A large of the older citizens of Dayton were his scholars at the Dayton Acaden Cooper Seminary, and recall his instructions with gratitude. A suitable hi' phy of Mr. Barney will appear in another part of the history of Montgoi County. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. In Ohio, until 1825, no uniform system of taxation for school purposes adopted, and until 1838, no adequate tax levied. The lack of means rather the lack of interest on the part of the people prevented the general estabbsh of public schools at an early day. Probably before 1831, schools had been partly supported by taxation, 1 was not u-ntii that year that the school district of Dayton was formally organ A meeting was held at the court house, Saturday, May 14, 1831, and Dr. • Steele, F. F. Carrell and Warren Monger were appointed Directors; Edmund rison, Clerk, and William Bomberger, Treasurer. Soon after, a board was ularly elected and the schools organized as will appear by the following notic “First District School will be opened Monday, December 5, 1831, by vanus Hall, approved teacher, in the school room on Jefferson street bet Water and First streets. Public money appropriated to support it. w Bruen, Nathaniel Wilson and Henry? Van Tuyl, Directors. Three additional rooms were soon after opened in different parts ol tin for the convenience of scholars. From this time until 1838, schools supported by taxation were taught few months each year in rented rooms. No public school buildings had erected, and the majority of the citizens sent their children to private scl During this period, the following persons served at different times as Direc Thomas Brown, William Hart, James Slaght, I. H. Mitchell, David Osborn,! P. Lowe, Simon Snyder and William H. Brown. Among the teachers ol CITY OF DAYTON. 687 r ;l were Mr. and Mrs. Leavenworth Hnrd, who taught in the old academy build- : vii St. Clair sti'eet. The public funds not being sufficient to sustain this school, ' r quarter was charged for each scholar. tVe have now reached the period when the public schools assumed the irnpor- . in the public estimation which they have ever since maintained. ; u 1837, Samuel Lewis was elected by the Legislature State Superintendent hools. Mr. Lewis entered upon his work with great enthusiasm, visiting e | part of the State, and addressing the people at all important points. It ,„ne of these addresses that led to the public meeting in 1838, which resulted je building of two sehoolhouses. Prior to that time, not more than §300 in \ 'lie year could be raised by taxation in a school district for the purpose of ; ing sehoolhouses. the law of 1838, it was provided that “a special •cfea- might be called after twenty days’ notice, stating an intention to propose Aoolhouse tax, at which a maj&'it}’’ of the voters present, being householders, i 'authorized to determine by vote upon the erection of a schoolhouse, and how i money should be raised for such purpose.’’ Legal notice was given, and a ;;djc meeting assembled in the church which formerly stood on Main street, t :eu First and Water streets. Strenuous opposition was made to the levy of ix by a few wealthy citizens, but after a heated discussion, the measure was rid by a large majority. The amount to be raised was fixed at $6,000, and it i- esolved to build two houses, one in the eastern and one in the western part o te city. The opposition did not end with the meeting, and an injunction was applied r p prevent the levy of the tax. It was believed that it could not be proved a the law had been complied with in giving notice of the meeting. This had f‘ anticipated by Mr. E. E. Barney, who had taken the precaution to post the itas in person, and, accompanied by a friend, had visited them from time to into see that they were not removed. The injunction was not granted, and the ■i ps were built on the sites now occupied by the Second and Fourth District dhouses. The plans were taken from the Common School Journal, and em- x id the most advanced ideas of the time on the subject of school architecture. Unfortunately no records of this important period of our school history have . preserved, and relying on tradition for our scanty facts, justice cannot be >i to the public spirited citizens who were the early and zealous friends of our i 1 c schools. Ralph P. Lowe, Simon Snyder and W. LI. Brown were the directors of the ills in 1838-39. The latter two have since died. Mr. Lowe removed many • ; ago to Iowa, where he has held the distinguished positions of Judge of the i eme Court and Governor of the State. In March, 1S39, the schools were jxed and continued for three quarters of twelve weeks each. Mr. Collins lit was Principal of the Western District, and Mr. Elder, of the Eastern. The 1 y of the Principals was $500 per annum. In addition to the Principals, one taj assistant and three female teachers were employed in each house. In 1839-40, Simon Snyder, It. P. Brown and Thomas Brown, served as Di- ■rs. and in 1840-41, G. W. Bomberger, Jefferson Patterson and Solomon Price. In 1841, a city charter was granted to Dayton, by which the control of the mion schools was given to the City Council. In the interim between the en- •1 ent of the city charter and the appointment of a Board of Managers of com- schools as provided for, a Committee of the City Council w T as appointed to >1 charge of the schools. This committee consisted of Henry Strickler, David t s and David Winters. On the records of the City Council is found the first drtof the condition of the schools, made June 14, 1841. The committee say: J'W’as necessary to suspend the schools from April, 1841, until January, 1842, } nable the Directors of 1841 to discharge the indebtedness incurred in 1839 by ^'Directors of that year requiring the schools to be kept open the whole year, thj anticipating $800 of the school fund of 1840. The schools were kept open 688 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. in 1840 six months ; then suspended until January, 1841, with a view of dost without indebtedness. But the great change in money affairs defeated the oliiei as the poll-tax of 50 cents a scholar could not be collected. The schoolhous are now in use by the Principals of the schools, in which they are teaching privs schools. They hold them on condition that in each house twenty charity schol; shall be taught each quarter.” The city charter fixed the levy for school purposes in Dayton at two mills the dollar, and directed that the “ school tax so levied, and all other funds tl may be collected or accrue for the support of common schools, shall be exclusl ly appropriated to defray the expenses of instructors and fuel, and for no otl purpose whatever.” No provision was made for contingent expenses, whirl-, r< dered it necessary to require a tuition fee of 50 cents per quarter from each schol Parents who were unable were not expected to pay. This tax was continued several years, until suitable provision was made by law for contingent expens In addition to the levy of two mills for tuition purposes, ample power was gii to the City Council to issue bonds, by vote of the people, for the erection of schc houses. The city charter directed “ the City Council shall in the month of Jamia: each year, select from each ward in the city one judicious and competent pel's as a manager of common schools ; the persons so selected shall constitute and denominated the Board of Managers of Common Schools in the City of Dayt and shall hold their offices for one year, and until their successors shall be ehos and qualified.” The general management of the school was committed to this board, but the most important particulars it was merely the agent of the Council. The pr er to levy taxes, and issue bonds was vested in the Council, and the board only recommend the amount that in its judgment was- needed. Practically, li< ever, the board exercised complete jurisdiction, as in no case was its recoramen tions disregarded. The fact that the two bodies co-operated for so many ye without serious difference of opinion or conflict, conclusively shows the unankn of public sentiment in favor of liberal provision for the schools. The first Board of Managers was appointed by the City Council in Jamu 1842, and was composed of the following members : First Ward, Ebenezer F ler ; Second Ward, Robert W. Steele ; Third Ward, Simon Snyder ; Fourth V> ; Edward W. Davies ; Fifth Ward, William J. McKinney. From a report made to the City Council December 12, 1842, it appears t the total amount of school fund in the treasury, January, 1842, was $2,482 From this had to be deducted a loss on uncurrent money of $317.35, and ai debtedness from the last year of $552.55, leaving only $1,582.95 with which to c duct the schools. Four schools were opened — two in the public schoolhouses, and two in veil rooms. Six male and ten female teachers were employed. The Principals w W. W. Chipman, W. J. Thurber. E. H. Hood and William Worrel. The salary Principals was $110 per quarter ; of male assistants, $80 ; and of female teach $50. The board was determined to close the year without debt, and the sck< were continued only 7 one quarter one month and one week, exhausting every 1 iar of the fund. The houses, however, were not closed, the teachers contini: private schools in them throughout the y 7 ear. The text-books used were Pickett’s spelling-book, McG-uffey’s readers, burn’s and Emerson’s arithmetics, Mitchell’s geography, Smith’s grammar, Parley’s book of history. A resolution was offered in the board to make the I a text-book, which was passed with the amendment that the teachers be requei tu read a portion of it each morning at the opening of the schools. This exerl has been continued in the schools until the present time. In the revised r adopted by 7 the board in 1874, the following section was passed without oppo|iti - The schools shall be opened in the morning with reading the sacred Scriptu without comment, and repeating the Lord’s Prayer, if desired.” I ' CITY OF DAYTON. 691 "he amount received from the 50-cent tuition charge in 1842 was only $162.48. sss a time of great pecuniary embarrassment, of broken banks and unpaid taxes, j oost inauspicious to inaugurate the public-school system. No taxes, how- .-i vere so cheerfully paid as those for the maintenance of schools, and the board 7 s heered in this day of small things by the cordial support of the people. n 1843, the schools were open for six months, and the year closed without ieb The time was lengthened as the funds would justify, until in 1849, the full . l all-year was reached. GERMAN SCHOOLS. in 1841, the Legislature passed a special act, directing that a German school old be opened in Dayton, to be supported by the school tax paid by German lias. This law, false in principle, and calling for a division of the school fund, much of the special legislation before the adoption of the constitution of L 5 was evidently enacted without due consideration. It was found to be j '.cticable, and no action was taken until 1844, when the board was authorized w to introduce German on the same basis as other studies. In that year a : an school was opened, and William Gemein appointed teacher. Since that this department has been a constituent part of our school system, and has vised proportionally with the English, as the wants of the German population iked. In the German schools, one-half the time is given to instruction in :)|sh. NIGHT SCHOOLS. m 1845, in response to a petition from apprentices and others unable to ell the day schools, a night school was opened. Since that time, a sufficient ijer of such schools have been provided during the winter months to meet the emnd, and have reached a large class of pupils who would have been deprived is benefits of our public schools. COLORED SCHOOLS. Jntil 1849, no provision was made bylaw for the education of colored youth. ie school law of 1849, school authorities were authorized to established sep- I school districts for colored persons, to be managed by directors to be chosen ult male colored tax-payers. The property of colored tax-payers was alone ajeable for the support of these schools. Under this law a school was opened 19, and continued until the law of 1853 placed schools for colored youth on ieime basis as those for white. By that law, boards of education were directed II ever the colored youth in any school district numbered more than thirty, to dish a separate school or schools for them, to be sustained out of the general u Since that time the colored schools have been conducted under the man- T ent of the Board of Education, and colored youth have the same facilities of lotion extended to them as to white. Pupils prepared in these schools are r ped to the intermediate and high schools. INSTRUCTION IN MUSIC. ifter much discussion it was determined, in 1849, to introduce music as a ! 'h of study in the public schools. Inly a few hours of each week were devoted to music, and instruction was ■ in the upper grades only. This arrangement was continued until 1870, i' the board employed a superintendent of music, and an assistant, both of m were to devote their whole time to the schools, and give instruction in all e fades. In 1872, William IT. Clarke was elected Superintendent of Music, and vduced the plan now adopted in the schools of using the teachers as assistants, in in some measure meets the objection that no one man can do the work neces- i to be done in this department. The teacher in each room is now responsible ’ ie proficiency of the scholars in this as in the other branches of study. The 692 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. aim is not simply to teach the scholars to sing by rote, but to give them a tl ough knowledge of the rudiments of music. After the resignation of Mr. Clarke, James Turpin was elected Superintend but died before his term of office expired. Mr. Turpin was the first music-teac elected by the board, in 1848, and at different periods rendered many year faithful and efficient service in this department. F. C. Mayer is the prei incumbent. HIGH SCHOOL. As the public schools grew in popularity, and the large majority of the i dren of all classes in the city attended them, the need of instruction in t,h, hi; branches was more and more felt by the public. In 1847, the Board of Edi tion procured from the Legislature the extension to Dayton of the provisio the Akron school law, granting to that town authority to establish a high scl In 1848, the Principals of the schools petitioned the board for the privileg teaching some of the higher branches to meet a want expressed by many of t more advanced pupils. In their petition they state that many of their scholars are drawn from the public to private schools from the lack of this iasl tion, and say that “we at present desire to introduce the elements of algebra geometry, and perhaps physiology 7 and natural philosophy.” A committee of board reported on this petition that it would not be wise to introduce such insi tion in the district schools, but recommended the establishment of a high scl It was not, however, until 1850 that decisive action was taken. On April 4, 1 Mr. Henry L. Brown offered the following resolution, which was unanimo adopted : Resolved , That this board do now establish the Central High School of ton, in which shall be taught the higher branches of an English education, the German and French languages, besides thoroughly reviewing the studies sued in the district schools. On April 1 5, 1850, the school was opened in the Northeastern District Sc! house. James Campbell was Principal ; Miss Mary Dickson, Assistant, and Ji Turpin, Teacher of Music. In the fall of 1850, the school was removed tc academy building, the free use of which was granted by 7 the Trustees to the B of Education. In June, 1857, an enabling act having been obtained from Legislature, the Trustees executed a deed for the property to the Board of Ec tion, and, the same year, the old building was removed and the present high s< building erected. While the house was building the school was taught in rf rooms in the Dickey Block, on Fifth street. The curriculum of the school has been enlarged from time to time until it embraces all the branches of study usually pursued in the best city high set Latin, or its equivalent — German or French — is required to be studied by a! pupils. Greek is taught, but comparatively so few desire to study it that i been questioned whether it is right to expend the public money in such instnn A large number of pupils have been prepared for college in our high school many of them have taken high rank in their classes ; and yet this may have accomplished at too great cost to the public. It is so difficult to adjust the c« of study in a high school to the wants of the mass of pupils, and the require! for admission the college class, that it is to be hoped that these requirements be so modified by T our best colleges that this difficulty may be removed, and | of the graduates of our high schools induced to avail themselves of the br< culture these colleges offer. In 1857, the total enrollment of pupils in the high school was 101 ; in 154 ; in 1875, 238 ; in 1880, 328. The number of teachers in 1857 (includim Campbell, who gave half his time), was four ; in 1867, five ; in 1875, sevei 1880, eight. In 1857, the salary 7 of the Principal was $1,200 ; in 1867, $1,50' 1875, $2,000. The following persons have filled the office of Principal : J CITY OF DAYTON. 698 a pbell. from 1850 to 1858 ; John W. Hall, from 1858 to 1866 ; William Smith, m 1866 to 1872; Charles B. Stivers, from 1872 to the present time. The first class was graduated in 1854, and consisted of two members ; the a of 1880, twenty-seven members ; the total number of graduates is 477. It is it esting to note that the graduates of the first class are now teachers in our pub- •bools, and have always ranked among the best. No one familiar with our ;t can glance over the list of graduates, and trace their history as teachers in our : rls, or as filling prominent positions in business circles and society, without r until the present time, the schools have been conducted under this ordinance ajthe general school laws of the State. The first board appointed — one-half to v -L until the next city election — was composed of the following members : First L:d, D. A. Wareham, Harvey Blanchard ; Second Ward, Bobert W. Steele, J. • itutsman; Third Ward, Henry L. Brown, James McDaniel ; Fourth Ward, E. orsyth, W. S. Phelps ; Fifth Ward, John Lawrence, J. Snyder ; Sixth Ward, yam Bomberger, W. N. Love. SUPERINTENDENT OF INSTRUCTION. The need of a general superintendent to give unity to our school system had »* been felt by members of the Board of Education, but the opposition of some I ie teachers who had influence with a majority of the board, and the plea of orny, prevented for years the establishment of the office. Duties of super- i >n were imposed on members of the board, which at the best were very im- ehctly discharged. It was not until August, 1855, that the office was created, II James Campbell, Principal of the high school, elected Superintendent, with h understanding that he should retain his principalship and devote one-half of i lme to the high school. In July, 1858, he was released from his duties in the ni school, and instructed to devote his whole time to the supervision of the cools. Mr. Campbell prepared a report of the condition of the schools for L-57, which was the first extended report of our schools published. In May, T ; he resigned, to engage in private business. Although the office was not abolished, repeated efforts were made in vain to ‘u a Superintendent until 1866. In that year, impressed with the urgent need "tppervision for the schools, Mr. Caleb Parker, a member of the board, who had c'ecl from business, and who possessed the requisite experience and leisure to charge the duties of the office, agreed to accept the position, with the distinct 604 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. proviso on his part that his services should be without compensation. He v elected in July, 1866, and served until April, 1868, when he tendered ; resignation. The second published report of the board for 1866-67 was prepared by hi On retiring from the office, Mr. Parker received a unanimous vote of thanks fr< the board for his disinterested and very useful services. Again it was impossible to find a man who could command the vote of t majority of the board for Superintendent. Various expedients were resorted > by members of the board friendly to the office to secure an election. To remcj the objection of unnecessary cost in conducting the schools, a plan which had be; adopted with marked success in Cleveland was proposed. A committee of t board was appointed to consider it, and reported June 22, 1871, that “ the efficion of the school system would be increased without expense by the election of Superintendent, a supervising male Principal, and female Principals for the distr schools.” This report was adopted by the board, and Warren Higley elect Superintendent, and F. W. Parker Supervising Principal. This plan was eont ued for two years with excellent results ; but the majority of the board of 18 decided to return to the old system. In 1873, Samuel C. Wilson was elected Superintendent and served one ye In 1874, John Hancock, whose reputation for ability and large experience a teacher and superintendent commended him to the board, was elected, and 1 been continued in the office until the present time. The necessity of the office of Superintendent as a part of a system of cl schools is now conceded by all, and it is believed that in Dayton in the future t office will never be vacant. INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL. It was found that owing to the removal of scholars from school before read ing the eight-year grade, the classes of that grade were very small in some of t districts. The Principals who were receiving the highest salaries were giving t most of their time and strength to these classes, and the cost of teaching them w excessive. To remedy this, the intermediate school was established in 1874. a all the pupils of the eighth-year grade in the city were assigned to that school. . at present organized, the course of study has not been enlarged, and the school simply a union of the classes of the eighth year for convenience and econoir After oue year in this school, pupils, upon examination, pass to the high scho The school is located in the Fourth District schoolhouse, and is taught by a ma Principal and two female assistants. W. P. G-ardner was the first Principal, w h after serving one year, declined a re-election. Samuel C. Wilson was e.lecti Principal in 1875, and is the present incumbent. NORMAL SCHOOL. It was impossible to procure experienced teachers to fill the vacancies constant occurring in the schools. Young girls, without knowledge of methods of governme or teaching, were placed over rooms full of children just at the most irrepressil period of their lives. These positions were confessedly the most difficult to fill any at the disposal of the board ; but there was no alternative. Ambitious ai experienced teachers naturally sought the rooms where the higher branches we taught, leaving the lower grades for the novices. It is true that many of the be and most valued teachers now in the schools began without experience : but t first 3’ear of their teaching was a heavy labor to themselves and an injustice i their pupils. A partial remedy was found by making the position of an expo enced and successful primary teacher as honorable, and the pa} 7 as large, as th of any teacher in the district schools below the grade of principal. But this cl not fully meet the case, and the board determined to educate its teachers. A coi mittee of the board, August 18, 1869, presented a detailed plan for a normal scho and teachers’ institute, which was unanimously adopted. CITY OF DAYTON. 695 The first week of each school year is devoted to the Teachers’ Institute. All fh teachers of the public schools in the city are required to attend, and to render sjch assistance in instruction as may be requested by the Superintendent of ■ | tools. The best methods of teaching and government are discussed and taught, ; d lectures on these subjects given by experienced teachers at home and from iroad. As the great majority of the teachers in the schools are women, instruction : the Normal School is confined to them. Graduates of the high school are ad- i tted without examination, and comprise a large part of the school. Others ns, much to their own advantage, as well as to that of their employers.” COMPARATIVE STATEMENT. A comparison of the schools at different periods of their history will forci- hllustrate the progress which has been made. Before the appointment of a m Tintendent of Instruction, full and reliable statistics are not found on the records f je Board. The years 1857 and 1867 are chosen because reports were published i ose years by Messrs. Campbell and Parker and the facts thus made accessible, her the present system, the completest statistics in every department are molded and published. As the records of the Board of Education begin in : . that year is taken as the starting point. 1842. 1857. 1S67. 1875. 1880. enrollment 827 3440 4213 5238 6144 v ige daily attendance 544 1600 2809 3711 4527 ujber of teachers 16 45 70 98 125 - n mt of school fund $2483 1583 $40000 24180 $60000 31055 $139066 75826 $189261 89906 v iut paid teachers i ; of school property 6000 75000 143000 210000 321706 The increasing proportion from period to period of the average daily attend- 1( to the total enrollment is marked, and indicates the growing etlicienc}’ of the : ''ls. In 1857, it was forty-eight per cent; in 1867, sixty-six per cent; in 'i seventy -one per cent ; in 1880, seventy -four per cent. It is not so easy to represent to the eye the growth in other and more impor- u particulars. A complete system of gradation has been established, consist- f a seven-years’ course in the district schools, one in the intermediate, four ; high, and one in the Normal School, supplemented by a large and free pub- aary. New methods of instruction have been introduced, and, as far as they °, ( the test of trial in the school-room, are now in use ; and suchysalaries are l«ijteachers as to secure the services of the best and most experienced. t would be vain to attempt to point out the distinct steps by which our in 1 lie | 698 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. present system of gradation has been reached. It has been a growth rather t a creation. The principle was recognized, and, as far as circumstances would mit, practiced at the very beginning of our schools in 1842. At different tii teachers of marked ability and large experience have been employed, who b left their impress on the schools by bringing to them advanced methods instruction, the result of their own experience or learned in other cities. Our tem now comprises nearly all the departments which experience has shown t< desirable. Equal progress has been made in school architecture. As new buildi have been erected, no pains have been spared to introduce whatever improves: in lighting, seating, heating and ventilating experience in our own and other ci has suggested. There are in the city fifteen school buildings containing ! rooms, with a seating capacity for 6,479 children. The value of school prop: belonging to the city, as estimated by the Superintendent of Buildings, araoit to $321,706. No doubt, similar progress has characterized the schools of the other citif i the State. It is matter for congratulation that boards of education everyw t are encouraged by popular support to make such liberal provision for schci The progress made in the past should only incite to greater efforts in the fut • The aim should be that perfection which is ever to be pursued, but never fjl attained. As no mention could be made in the appropriate places of many of the ix r bers of the Board of Education and teachers, who have been influential in me ing and giving character to our schools, in jus'ice to them, the names of p Presidents of the board from 1842 to 1880, of these members who have sen; four or more years, and of the Principals of the schools from the beginning, ! given. Many of the assistant teachers are more worthy of mention than somjjc the Principals ; but to give a few names would be invidious, and to print themi.1 impossible. MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION FROM 1842 TO 1880 WHO HAVE SERVED FOUR OR MORE YEARS. W. J. McKinney, R. W. Steele, H. L. Brown, J. G. Stutsman, L. Hue-: i William Bomberger, D. A. Wareham, Wilbur Conover, W. S. Phelps, James! Daniel, A. Pruden, S. Boltin, H. Elliott, Jonathan Kenney, John Howard, Johj Stoppleman, E. S. Young, H. Miller, W. L. Winchell, Caleb Parker, George S. I Joseph Herhold, D. Dwyer, H. Anderson, N. L. Aull, Joseph Fischer, James i berry, E. Morgan Wood, George Vonderheide, W. H. Johnson, B. F. Kuhns, Id Allen. E. M. Thresher, Charles Wuichet, D. G. Breidenbach, Thomas Kiin George L. Phillips, Samuel W. Davies, W. S. Kemp, W. M. Murray, J Stephans, Louis N. Poock, C. L. Baumann. PRESIDENTS OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION. i 1842, E. W. Davies ; 1843, W. J. McKinney; 1844, E. W. Davies, Thomas Brown ; 1846, Henry Stoddard, Sr. : 1847, R. W. Steele ; 1848-49. Brown; 1850-61, R. W. Steele; 1861-63, H. L. Brown; 1863-64, Thom: Thresher ; 1864-69, H. L. Brown; 1869-73, E. Morgan Wood; 1873—75. Oh 1 Wuichet; 1875-78, E. M. Thresher; 1878-79, C. L. Baumann ; 1879-80, 1 Webster ; 1880-81, E. M. Thresher. SUPERINTENDENTS OF INSTRUCTION. James Campbell, Caleb Parker, Warren Iligley, Samuel C. Wilson, Hancock. PRINCIPALS OF THE NORMAL SCHOOL. F. W. Parker, Emma A. H. Brown, W. W. Watkins, Jane W. Blackwood DAYTON . CITY UF DAYTON. 701 PRINCIPALS OP THE HIGH SCHOOL. James Campbell, John W. Hall, William Smith, Charles B. Stivers. PRINCIPALS OF THE INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL. William P. Gardner, Samuel C. Wilson. SUPERINTENDENTS OF MUSIC. James Turpin, Charles Soehner, W. B. Hall, W. H. Clarke, F. C. Mayer. SUPERINTENDENT OF PENMANSHIP AND DRAWING. C. B. Nettleton. PRINCIPALS OF THE DISTRICT SCHOOLS PROM 1839 TO 1880. Collins Wight, W. W. Watson, D. L. Elder, Thomas E. Torrence, Charles :i es, Edwin H. Hood, R. W. Hall, W. W. Chipman, W. I. Thurber, William w"el, J. D. French, Charles (Taylor, Watson Atkinson, A. Stowell, John A. Smith, [night, W. I. Parker, Joseph McPherson, M. N. Wheaton, R. L. McKinney, ins Campbell, W. F. Doggett, Charles Rogers, William Pinkerton, W. H. But- rid, Rufus Dutton, E. W. Humphries, A. C. Fenner, P. D. Pelton, H. Anderson, . Leaman, William Denton. A. C. Tyler, W. F. Forbes, J. B. Irvin, E. C. Ellis, i am Isenberg, A. P. Morgan, Samuel C. Wilson, H. H. Vail, W. H. Campbell, Cook, S. V. Ruby, S. C. Crumbaugh, PI. B. Furness, N. L. Hanson, J. C. ids, James C. Gilbert, J. C. Morris, Tillie B. Wilson, Belle M. Westfall, Ella J. In, Lucy G. Brown, Esther A. Widner, A. Humphreys, C. H. Evans, W. W. ins. W. P. Gardner, A. J. Willoughby, Charles L. Loos, Alice Jennings, riel Peters, Solomon Day, F. Lochninger, A. B. Shauck, W. N. Johnson, I. E. i son, I. G. Brown, Carrie Miller. Besides the schools supported by taxation, numerous other schools have i sd in Dayton. It would be impossible to notice the many private schools nil have done so much for the intellectual culture of the community. Atten- H nnst be confined to those which from their size, or the prominence of their ■h 1 buildings, have especially attracted public attention. COOPER ACADEMY. n 1814, before the establishment of the Central High School, the Cooper a emy was incorporated. The first Board of Trustees were: Samuel Forrer, ' Phillips, Edward W. Davies, Robert C. Schenck, Robert W. Steele and Vrd Green. The principal object of the founders was to provide a school for borough education of their daughters at home. The Trustees of the Cooper (0 donated to the Academy a large and valuable lot on First street, hjfting from Wilkinson to Perry streets, and a liberal subscription was made by . 'das for the erection of a suitable building for boarding and day scholars. In h er, 1845, the school was opened. Mr. E. E. Barney was elected Principal, 1 itered upon the work with the ability and energy which characterized what- lie undertook. The school attained a great reputation, and attracted a large !| 3r of pupils from abroad. ' he following persons have served as Principals of the institution in the order 1 " ch they are named : E. E. Barney, Miss Margaret Coxe, Dr. J. C. Fisher, 'Victor Conrad, Rev. John S. Galloway, Mrs. B. G. Galloway, and J. A. Robert, esent Principal. he institution has sent out a large number of graduates to all parts of the %> auf l is now in successful operation, the instruction never having been 1 "Thorough and broad than under the present management. CATHOLIC SCHOOLS. manuel Catholic Church was founded in 1833, and from that time a school 702 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. has been taught in connection with it. The present fine school building erected in (867. It contains six rooms, three for boys and three for girls. I hundred and fifty pupils are enrolled, and the ordinary branches of study taught in German and English, with the addition of needlework for the girls, boys are taught by the brothers of St. Mary’s, and the girls by the sisters of N Dame. st. Joseph’s schools. St. Joseph’s Church was founded in 1847 and a school opened at the sarnet In 1857. the Sisters of Charity purchased a building near St. Joseph’s Church, w had been erected for a Presbyterian Church, and opened a day academy, bo ing and free school. In 1863, the house adjoining the school was parch; and used by the sisters for a residence. In 1868, the boarding school ceased the academy continued for several years when the school was made free to and now constitutes the girl’s school of St. Joseph’s Church. In 1879, the residence was torn down and a new building erected, which is joined to the sc by large corridors and alcoves. Three hundred girls are enrolled in this scho In 1873, St. Joseph’s Public School for Boy r s was erected at a cost for b ing and furniture of $25,000. Two hundred and fifty boys are enrolled, teachers are employed in the two schools, one of whom devotes her time tc struction in music. The Sisters of Charity have charge of both schools. In 1 schools, in addition to the ordinary the higher branches are taught. st. mary’s school. St. Mary’s Church was founded in 1859. The first school building i meeting the demands of the congregation, the present one was erected in 187 a cost of $5,300. There are three rooms for boys and three for girls; and ; scholars are enrolled. The ordinary branches are taught in English and Ger : The boys are taught by the Brothers of St. Mary’s and the girls by the Si: of Notre Dame. HOLY TRINITY SCHOOLS. Holy Trinity Church was built in 1 860. This Church has two school ! ings, one for boys and one for girls. Each building has three departments six teachers are employed. Two hundred boys and two hundred and twentjj girls are enrolled. The boys are taught by the Brothers of St. Mary's an girls by the Sisters of Notre Dame. SCHOOL OF THE SISTERS OF NOTRE DAME. The Sisters of Notre Dame established a school in Dayton in 1849,0) corner of Ludlow and Franklin streets. Their object was the care and educ of orphans, but not receiving a sufficient number they^ opened boarding and schools, and also took charge of the parochial schools of Emanuel Parish, some years circumstances having changed, the schools in the house were givi and the Sisters took charge of the schools of Holy Trinity Parish in I860, a; St. Mary’s in 1870. The number of pupils trained in the city' - by the Sist about six hundred. The house at the corner of Ludlow and Franklin stre< used by them as a residence. The description of the Catholic schools is not as complete as could bede There are no published reports from which to draw and full information com be obtained. The enrollment of scholars may not be perfectly accurate, some cases it was reported as “about” the number given. Having thus passed in review the educational history of Dayton, it m; well to summarize the whole to ascertain how far the youth of the city avail selves of the excellent facilities afforded for instruction. By r the school census of September, 1879, the number of youth in th< between the ages of six and twenty-one years was 11,660 ; the number be CITY OF DAYTON. 703 ifend sixteen years, 8,693. On this basis, Mr. Hancock, the Superintendent of •! lie Schools, estimates the school attendance of the city as follows: ‘‘The .■I] 1 aerators reported at the time of taking the school census 5,439 pupils in the itilic schools, 214 in private schools, and 1.333 in church schools. If we add jper cent for subsequent additions to the last two classes of schools, we shall iae for the total enrollment of the day schools of the city : In the public schools 5,902 In private schools 235 In church schools 1,466 Total 7,603 [Of the pupils in the public schools four per cent were sixteen years of age n above. Applying this standard to all the schools, we should have as a total i llment 304 pupils of that age, leaving 7,299 as the number enrolled be- v n six and sixteen. This would be eighty-four per cent of all the youth iterated between those ages, leaving sixteen per cent of the youth of what is sjjoially considered the school age, who were not in school for a single day.” It relieves this dark picture somewhat to reflect that a considerable number rpils leave school before reaching the age of sixteen, to engage in work, and 4 many who are embraced in the sixteen per cent of non-attendance may have r ed substantial benefits from the instruction afforded in our free schools. The ' eprable fact, however, remains that notwithstanding the abundant provision Mali for the education of the youth of the city, large numbers are unreached, eibl reports from all our cities reveal an equal or greater percentage of non- t dance. How to reach and reform the evil is an unsolved problem. Compul- ■ laws have proved inefficient, and the only- remedy appears to be an enlight- > Dublic sentiment, which shall brand as a disgrace and a crime the neglect of p ent to provide for the education of his children. st. mary’s institute. This institution had its origin in the year 1849, when Rev. L. Meyer, a priest, >er of the Society of Mary, whose mother house is located in Paris, France, n to Dayton to assist Rev. H. D. Juncker, who was afterward Bishop of Alton, •■••Hit then pastor of Emanual Church in this city. Father Meyer had ■ ‘U. brother teachers sent from France to teach in this country ; two were en- •gl in teaching in Cincinnati, and three were not employed. It was to give ® teachers employment, and Dayton a better school than she had, that the v end gentleman conceived the idea of establishing St. Mary’s Institute. The o id (100 aci’es) upon which the school is located, was purchased of John of, a Scotchman, and was formerly owned by Hon. Charles Anderson. On 1 e ;h of March, 1850, two of the Brothers arrived here from Cincinnati, one of 1 1, Rev. M. Zehler, is still connected with the institution, and the third one on ‘ )th of the same month to take charge of the farm. On the 19th of March, of ‘ tine year, the deed was made, and as Rev. L. Meyer had no money to pay on 3 urchase, he handed Mr. Stuart a small medal of St. Joseph, saying, “St. " s jjh will pay.” Mr. Stuart, soon after selling the property, left for Europe, and rothers took entire possession of the premises. In June, 1850, a school was : e d for day scholars, the number being about thirty-seven. September, of the 'Wear, boarders were admitted, and the boarding-school, that was begun with 'ipil, Joseph G-reulich, numbered in the years from 1870 to 1875, over two Hed. Rev. L. Meyer, in 1853, purchased 12 acres more of land, which was in 8 H’poratiou and adjoining the original purchase. In 1854, he built an addi- ■u o the former house, and all w r as prosperous and doing well, when, in Decem- " b 355, a fire broke out, which destroyed the old as well as the new building, so e ('others, with their Superior, were without a home, and a debt of $12,000 “ n hg over their heads, as they had paid nothing on the principal, and had no 704 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. insurance on the buildings. The community lodged first in a house in to that was newly-built and without doors or windows. August, 1856, they begai rebuild the old house, and this was accomplished as time and means would mit. In 1857, the school was re-opened and well patronized. In November, li Rev. L. Meyer was recalled to France, where he opened an orphan asylum at Ken Alsace. Before leaving he paid off all the original debt to Mr. Stuart, and left property unincumbered. The number of pupils increasing, the directors saw t they were obliged to build again. The buildings then existing (1864) wet chapel, 32 by 60 feet ; the main building, 40 by 80 feet, and another wing soi 30 by 60 feet ; and to this latter was added a building extending east 40 by feet, with a basement, and two stories for schools and sleeping- rooms. In 11 another separate building, 40 by 60 feet, was erected for a dwelling-house for community and the candidates. In 1868, the church was built, 50 by 123 1 and 40 feet from floor to ceiling ; and it was pronounced by the Most Rever Archbishop Purcell, on divers occasions, as being one of the nicest churches in diocese. There was erected, in 1870, actual Institute building, 70 by 1641 four stories high, with a Mansard-roof. It is built in a very substantial man and cost $62,000. The lower floor is occupied by two large study-halls, two lot's, refectory, kitchen and store-room. There is a corridor on each floor, ten wide, with stairs of easy ascent, with iron plates covering the steps at each en the building that lead to the different stories of the building. The ground f is taken up by eight class-rooms and eight private rooms. On the third f there are two sleeping rooms and three rooms for infirmary use ; also, wardr washing room, music and singing rooms. The fourth story is one vast hall, tending over the whole building, used as a sleeping room. There is a large I tank, of about one hundred barrels capacity, to supply the washing-rooms on : third-floor; and in case of fire, by means of hose the floors can be flooded. I amusement hall consists of four different divisions — first, a floor, 60 by 110 on solid ground ; then 60 by 58 feet on a floor for quiet amusements. The 1 j house consists of twelve small rooms, provided with a window, bath-tubs, faucets for cold and warm water. The upper story is frame, and is the exhibi hall, where the pupils give entertainments from time to time during the year, expenses for construction were $10,500, and the buildings are all complete paid for. In 1862, Rev. L. Meyer was succeeded by R.ev. John Courtes, wh< mained in charge until 1864, then succeeded by Rev. J. N. Reinbolt, the pre Superior Provincial of the Institution. The first Superintendent was the Re's Zeliler, familiarly known as Brother Zehler, who served in that cap;j until 1876, when he asked of his Superiors to be relieved of bis ( of responsibility^. He was succeeded by Rev. Francis Feith, and in 1 he by Rev. George Meyer, who is yet in office. The school is now der the direction of the following named ; Rev. Father J. N. Rein Superior Provincial ; Rev. Father George Meyer, Director of Institute ; Father John Issler, Master of Novices, and Rev. Fathers N. Nickels am Beyrer, supported by an able corps of teachers. There are two departm namely, Normal and Collegiate, the former exclusively for the training of tea; for the Brotherhood or Society of Brothers. The system of instruction is ough and embraces a complete commercial and classical education. Music, c ing and the higher arts are also taught. In the Normal department are uoi rolled about one hundred and forty' scholars, and in the Collegiate departp one hundred and thirty-three, forty of whom are day scholars. The institutii self-supporting. THE MIAMI COMMERCIAL COLLEGE. This college has for many years been one of the leading educational in tions of the city, having not only a large local patronage, but a constant at ance from the surrounding States. It was established in 1860, by Mr. B. D- ; CITY OF DAYTON. 705 ! b;. the accomplished author of the Babbittonian system of penmanship. In 1862 ' Babbitt associated with him Mr. A. D. Wilt, who, in 1865, succeeded to the sole (., trol and ownership of the college, which he yet retains. The most approved hods of instruction have always been pursued, and thoroughly practical and e ipetenf instructors engaged, and as a result, the graduates of the college are had engaged as highly successful business men and accountants in all the lead- ir cities of the country. The college now occupies an entire floor of the elegant Ffemans’ Insurance Building, on the corner of Main and Second streets, and is lplete in all of its appointments. The faculty consists of Mr. A. D. Wilt, Princi- )■■ Mr. W. H. Sunderland, Assistant Principal ; Mr. A. C. Tjder, Superintendent 'Practice Department, and Mr. W. E. Donson, Assistant in the Theory bailment. \ 706 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAPTER IX. THE DAYTON PRESS. Pioneer Newspapers — The Dayton Journal — The Dayton Republics The Dayton Democrat — The Dayton Whig and Miami Democil The Dayton Transcript — The Daily Daytonian — The Dayton Weekly Bulletin — The Dayton Gazette — The Dayton Daily Weekly Volkszeitung — 1 The Saturday People — The Daily and Wei Herald — The Miami Valley Courier — The Vindicator — Christ Chi Record — The Reformed Publishing House — The Religious Telesi — The United Brethren Publishing House — -Christian Publisi House— Conclusion. t N July, 1806, Noah Crane, from Lebanon, Ohio, began publishing a m paper in Dayton, but after issuing a few numbers, he was attacked i chills and fever and abandoned the enterprise, returning with his press K type to his former home at Lebanon. As far back as 1850, there were no tiles of the paper in town, and its l could not be ascertained. Some time previous to September, 1808, Archil McLean and William McClure entered into an arrangement to publish awe paper in Dayton, but it was never carried into effect. September 18, 1808, the first number of the Dayton Repertory was is* from their office, on Main street, by William McClure and George Smith; a e four page paper, eight by twelve inches in size, two columns to the page, w ly at $2 a year in advance. With the fifth number, issued October 21, paper was suspended till February 1, 1809, at which time it was enlarged to x20 sheet, and issued with Henry Disbrow, and William McClure, as ed and proprietors. News items from foreign countries were four, and months old ; two of the enterprising merchants of the town advertised a i of goods received from Pittsburgh and Philadelphia in the fall before ; were also a number of notices of estray horses “taken up.” The paper was discontinued about the first of January, 1810; which the community without a paper, until the 3d of May, when the first numb the Ohio Centinel was issued by Isaac G. Burnet, “ on a sheet of royal £ 11x19 inches; a four page paper ; four columns to the page ; and wit rules : $2 dollars a year in advance, produce taken in pay at market prices. t motto was “ With slight shades of difference, we have the same religion, ners, habits and political principles” Washington. Official announcements and legal notices for all the territory to the as far as Detroit, and on out to Chicago, were necessarily published in this paper that circulated through all that sparsely settled region. In politics, the paper was devoted to “ Republican principles,” wha that may have meant ; sprightly in its editorials, giving a variety of infc tion from points that would interest its readers. During the war of 181 its patrons were kept thoroughly posted as to the events occurring at the h until May 19, 1813, the men of the community being nearly all in the arm CITY OF DAl'TON. 707 n ome way connected with it, and the women, generally working hard in i ng the soil and caring for the families and farms, had no money to pay o!a paper, so the Centinel went down. Isaac Gr. Burnet and James Lodge were editors and proprietors of the Ob Republican, a continuation of the Centinel, similar in style and using the a e type and press. The first number was issued October 3, 1814, flying this motto as indicat- injthe policy of the paper — Willing to praise, but not afraid to blame." A month later, Mr. Burnet having been elected to the Legislature, sold ;i: interest in the paper to his partner, Mr. Lodge, who conducted the paper 1 1 October 9, 1816, when he was obliged to discontinue its publication, be- aie his subscribers would not pay up — two-thirds of the list never paid a cel Flying the motto, “ Truth, Equality and Literary knowledge, are the three rid pillars of Republican Liberty ,” the first number of the Ohio Watchman _ c issued November 27, 1816, by Robert J. Skinner, who had bought press, y: and the “good will ” of the wrecked Republican. On the 5th of June, l8:i, the motto was changed to “ A Free Press is the Palladium of Liberty ,” n April 9, 1818, the paper was enlarged to a sheet 12x20 inches in size, five eji to strengthen the Democrat , both in the public and party estimation, as a elless advocate of what it believes to be right, and as willing to sacrifice - 1 ething to secure it. In addition to his service on the Ohio Statesman , Mr. Doren has had a great x of experience besides as an editor and publisher. After leaving the Ohio Desman office, he was from 1854 to 1858, the editor of the Hillsboro t ette, then official reporter of the Ohio House of Representatives, which >ction he resigned to take an appointment in the Treasury Department at i hington. While at the latter place he was for a time one of the writers r he Washington Union, then the National organ of the Democratic party. J-i;)r, he was editor and publisher of the Southern Ohio Argus at Georgetown, xvn County, and from 1864 to 1868 was managing editor of the Cincinnati uirer. Here his health broke down, and he was compelled to retire en- oy from editorial duties until 1870, when he came to Dayton at the earnest optation of Hon. C. L. Yallandigham, and purchased the Empire (now Umrat) establishment. His career since, notwithstanding extremely pre- apus health, has been a very successful one, no man before having brought h Democratic paper here to so high a pitch of public and partisan influence financial prosperity. The office is on the corner of Fifth street and Canal; the circulation of Daily is about 2,000, and of the Weekly, 3,500, the latter being called the - nre and Democrat. THE DAYTON WHIG AND MIAMI DEMOCRAT. B. Dutton issued the first number of the Dayton Whig and Miami Demo- in 1833. The firm was afterward, Dutton & Maloy, but a year sufficed °j m it out, as the county could not support two Wing newspapers. THE DAYTON TRANSCRIPT. This paper was established in January, 1841, by George C. McCuen and , Cl Wilson, both practical printers. It was a sheet of 11x17 inches, pub- -LkI semi-weekly, at 25 cents. After sinking money for about eighteen Ul ths, the paper was suspended for want of funds. In October, 1842, the T’ of McCuen & Wilson was dissolved, the interest of the former having 7 O 714 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. been bought by J. Milton Sanders, who continued to edit the Transcript \ October 4, 1843, when he left it. The paper was then enlarged to V, inches in size, and for six weeks was published by John Wilson and E. M under the style of E. Marot & Co. Subsequently, Mr. Marot left and 'Wi was sole proprietor until July, 1845. In the political campaign of 1844, the Transcript threw aside its foi neutral character, and, May 15, of that year, came out under the title of Dayton Transcript and Ashland Whig , thus identifying itself with the party. It was edited by A. M. Scott until December 9, 1844. Previous to 8c editorial service, John Macracon had edited the paper, and, upon Scott r ing, he resumed that post again On the 28th of July, 1845, Macracon came one of the proprietors, and the paper was then enlarged. It w valuable investment, and in 1847 Ralph S. Hart and H. D. Stout purek an interest in it, Wilson having previously retired. The firm was H. D. £ & Co., Mr. Hart writing the leaders and Mr. Macracon attending to the c parts of the paper. Mr. Hart remained as editor for eighteen months. M Cur wen was a frequent contributor, and at times had control of its edit columns. Mr. Macracon left the paper in February, 1849, and was succei by A. M. Scott. The paper was finally disposed of to William C. Howel Co., in May, 1849, who subsequently published daily, weekly and tri-we editions. It was moderately Whig under this management, but was disco) ued in the year 1850. THE DAILY DAYTONIAN. In 1846, N. M. Guild & Co. started the Daily Daytonian, edited John A. Collins, which only lasted about a year. THE DAYTON TRI-WEEKLY BULLETIN. Neutral in politics and devoted to general news and literature. The Bui was first published in Dayton, September 1848, by John Wilson and Jaco Decker, both practical printers. Its size was 15x21 inches; time of pub tion, Mouday, Wednesday and Friday evenings; terms, $3 per year. Mi Curwen was the editor of the Bulletin from the commencement, and he full control of its columns nearly the whole time. It issued its last mn April 17, 1850, and throughout its career was ably conducted, as Mr. Cm] was a man of fine education, a thorough legal scholar, and an author o mean ability. DAS DEUTSCHE JOURNAL. This paper, published by John Bittman as a weekly Democratic or was established in 1849 and continued about two years. THE DAYTON GAZETTE. A daily, established in 1850; it was a first-class paper in every way. was first edited by D. W. Iddings, and in polit cs, was Whig. The p was owned and conducted by different parties until it was purchased by ' iam H. P. Denny, who conducted it until the beginning of i860, whe stopped publication. It was then a weekly paper. THE DAYTON DAILY AND WEEKLY VOLKSZEITUNG. This paper was established April 25, 1866, by George Neder, and first lished as a weekly only. In June of the same year, in addition to the week semi-weekly was issued, and the following October, the semi-weekly becaij tri-weekly; these papers in size were 22x32 inches, four pages with sixcolui In 1867 and 1871, the paper was enlarged to seven and eight columns res CITY OF DAYTON. 715 X The first copy of the daily was presented to the public August 15, 1876. ; j Neder has been from the first the proprietor and editor of the paper. It was it issued from the publishing house of the United Brethren, where continu- ; y published until 1874, when it was removed to the office of the Democrat. .Politics, the Volkszeitung was strictly an independent paper until 1874, since dch date it has leaned toward the Democracy. On the 17th of April, 1882, b'two German papers of the city, namely, Volkszeitung and Anzeiger , were osolidated, the proprietors of the latter removing their paper to the office of ii Volkszeitung. The paper continues to be issued under the name of the j iton Volkszeitung, and since April 17, under the proprietorship of George Per and the Moosbrugger Brothers, Otto and Kuno, and edited by Mi’. Neder a the former-named Moosbrugger. The Anzeiger was a daily and weekly sir, Democratic in politics. It was established in 1876; the first copy was ‘lited September 1. The proprietors were Otto Moosbrugger and Charles einck, the latter, however, soon sold his interest to Kuno Moosbrugger, and hfwo brothers carried on the paper until the consolidation. THE SATURDAY PEOPLE. This paper was started September 26, 1876, by C. P. Sweetman, at 28 0 h Main street, and was quite a small sheet. It was taken by the People 'dishing Company, January 16, 1877, composed of J. St. J. Clarkson, H. L. 7 her and Charles Kramer, and made the workingmen’s organ. It was en- iaied to a seven column paper, and in 1877 was taken by Mr. Clarkson alone. When the National Greenback Labor party was organized, the People was ne the organ of that party, which position it has held ever since. In June, 8_, it was enlarged to an eight column paper, and has now a circulation of 6 copies. It is issued every Saturday morning, and J. St. J. Clarkson is the dir and proprietor; office in the same building as the Dayton Herald , of 1 :h Mr. Clarkson is also editor. THE DAILY AND WEEKLY HERALD. This paper was first issued February 7, 1881, under the management of ... Wendell, and editorship of J. St. J. Clarkson; some time prior to this Saturday Evening Record , a weekly, was published by William T. Kimsey, l:h merged into the Herald at the date above given. The daily in size is ’-39 inches, has four pages with eight columns to the page, and the weekly i eight-page six column paper 30x42 inches. The office of this paper is xied on the north side of Fourth near Main street. It is an independent pa- e The management claim a circulation of 2,500 copies of the daily, and 1, - ! copies of the weekly. THE MIAMI VALLEY COURIER. In December, 1880, John R. Tomlinson established a monthly sheet called 'I'Miami Valley Courier, which is yet published by him at 27 South Main rt. It is devoted to historical and biographical sketches and advertising. THE VINDICATOR. This is a religious monthly, published in the interest of the German Bap- s Jhurch, and edited by Samuel Kinsey, and is numbered among the papers 1 ie city. It is published at the Christian Printing Establishment, and has de circulation. CHRIST CHURCH REGISTER. This is a religious monthly, printed at the same establishment; was first " 'd in January, 1882. It is edited by the rector of the church, Rev. J. T. ^ ster, and is published in the interest of the church, by the Parish Church Qfmittee. 716 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. THE REFORMED PUBLISHING HOUSE. In March, 1882. the new publishing firm of the Christian Wort weekly church and family paper of the Reformed denomination, bee the property of Rev. Edward Herbruck, Michael Loucks and Mr J Bloom, who purchased the paper with the main object of establish a printing house in the interest of the Reformed Church. These tlemen have located the office of the Christian World , on North Jeffei street, between Second and Third, and carry on the printing departmen another building near by, on the same street. In addition to the publica of the following periodicals, they do general job printing: The Chris World; the Instructor, quarterly, fifty- two pages, for Sunday school toad; Instructor Scholars' Quarterly, twenty pages, with helps for Sunday scl scholars; Lesson Papers , issued monthly; Leaves of Light , a Sunday school young people’s paper, issued semi-monthly. THE WORLD. This paper was first published in Columbus, Ohio, the first copy appeal October 6, 1848, under the name of the Western Missionary. It was editei Rev. J. H. Good, D. D., and the editors have since been as follows: G. YVilliard. D. D. ; T. P. Bucher, D. D. ; Samuel Mease, D. D. ; I. H. Reiter D. , and Rev. E. Herbruck, under whose editorship it is at present. The per was first published in Dayton, November 1, 1855. It was subsequently moved, and for a number of years published elsewhere. September 5. T it again made its appearance in this city, where it has since remained. The circulation of the paper is rapidly increasing, and it is becoming of the best religious journals in the west. THE RELIGIOUS TELESCOPE WEEKLY ORGAN OF THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRI; "While Bishop Newcomer, associate of Otterbein, was yet alive, there i minds which saw the importance of the religious press as a co- laborer with Christian ministry, in saving the world. Two or three years before the Gen Conference took any steps toward projecting an enterprise of this kiud, 1829, Aaron Farmer made an effort to establish a paper under the patronag the Miami Conference. At the session of that body, held at the house of Je Garst, in Montgomery County, Ohio, in May, 1829, the last presided ovei Bishop Newcomer, a series of resolutions approving the publication of a p: called Zion's Advocate were adopted. The paper was issued from Salem, Ii soon.-after, but for want of patronage was soon discontinued. The General Conference which met May 14, 1833, in Pickaway Cou Ohio, ordered the purchase of an office in Circleville, Ohio, and appoiutei trustees John RusbgI, John Dresbach and George Dresbach. These bretl! soon began the solicitation of subscriptions and funds, and on the 12th da; April, 1834, they purchased at public sale in Circleville, Ohio, a printing pi type and fixtures, for which they paid $450. A month later they bought a and two houses, for which they paid $550. Early the same year, Rev. \\ ill Rhinehart, of the Virginia Conference, by the approval of that- conference, gan the publication of a paper called the Messenger, at Hagerstown, These trustees, anxious to gather into one body all the power the Church ( tained, bought the Messenger, type and all, for $325, and employed its for: owner to edit the paper ordered by the General Conference. The first number of the Religious Telescope bears date December 1834. It was issued from Circleville, Ohio, as a semi-monthly, and was at $1.50 in advance and $2 at the close of the year. Thus with a debt of < $1,600, and a subscription list of a little above one thousand, but littl CITY OF DAYTON. 717 -rich was paid for, the Religious Telescope, to use a nautical phrase, set sail on h boisterous seas, over which it has made its way for nearly a half-century, continued as a semi-monthly until its issue of July 30, 1845, when it became Sekly paper, as it has ever since continued. The paper from the first was electable in size and character. It at once became a favorite with the Church, i a medium of free interchange of thought in the denomination, as well as Sarer of Christian and general intelligence. It was bold and mighty, if 0 etimes unwise, in its handling questions of moral and religious reform. Sir. finehart resigned the editorship May 1, 1839. The issue dated May 15, 1839, appeared under the editorial control of U, William Hanby, who was elected to the vacancy occasioned by Mr. Rhine- ia':’s resignation, by Scioto Conference. To this position he was re-elected by iijGeneral Conference of 1841. The next quadrennial session, held May 12, Sj), at Circleville, Ohio, elected Rev. D. Edwards editor of this growing pe- - ical. At the next General Conference, held in Cincinnati, May 14, 1849, etas re-elected, but at once tendered his resignation to the conference, by 4;h it was accepted. General Conference then elected Rev. William Hanby as the future editor, line issue of July 18, 1849, it again appeared under his control. Early in Ay ear 1850, the trustees elected Rev. John Lawrence as an assistant editor, b relation continued until the early part of the year 1852, when the trustees mipted the resignation of Mr. Hanby, and elected Mr. Lawrence to the edi- ml control of the paper. General Conference, which met at Miltonville, Ohio, May 9, 1853, re- used Mi’. Lawrence, as did also the next quadrennial session in 1857, held at idnnati, and that of 1861, held at Westerville, Ohio. On the 29th of April, 1864, Rev. D. Berger assumed the editorial control ? he Religious Telescope, being elected to the work by the trustees, in place ? Ir. Lawrence, who had resigned his connection with the paper. Mr. Ber- eWas re-elected the following year by General Conference, which met in item Iowa, May 11, 1865. The fifteenth General Conference, which met at Lebanon, Penn., h 20, 1869, elected Rev. Milton Wright editor, and the paper dated July 7, appeared under his control. At the succeeding General Conference, con- 'd in Dayton, Ohio, May 15, 1873, two editors were ordered, Revs, M. %ht and W. 0. Tobey was elected. They assumed the mutual control of the •r July 2, 1873. The subsequent quadrennial session at Westfield, 111., May 10, 1S77, de- ed to elect an editor-in-chief and an assistant editor. J. W. Hott and W. 'obey were elected to those offices respectively, and assumed these relations i duties with the issue of June 13, 1877, which continued until the General erenee of 1881, when W. O. Tobey retired and Rev. W. R. Drury became • uccessor. The weekly circulation of the Religious Telescope is 12,384. THE UNITED BEETHEEN PUBLISHING HOUSE. The first effort to build up a printing establishment in the church, by the 1 and for the church, contemplated primarily and solely the life and pros- J y of the Religious Telescope; hence, with that paper, we connected its !1 history. The church had only begun work in real earnestness at Circleville when it J( ne apparent that a more favorable and central location must sooner or later e Aight and secured. At the session of the conference at Miltonville, which met May 9, 1853, it a decided to remove the office to Dayton. 718 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Soon after the close of the General Conference the site since oceupie [ the establishment was purchased by the Trustees. It was then occupied two-story brick building, used as a hotel. For this they paid 811,000. The first issue of the Telescope from its new home, bore the date of | tember 14, 1853. For a time the old house was occupied, but in the spring and summi i 1854, the main building, as it now stands, was erected at a cost of $15, 1 The rear three-story building was added in 1869, at a cost of $5,659.05. The location occupies a central and prominent place in the business tion of this beautiful city. The front building is 40x90 feet in width : length, and four stories in height. The rear building is 34x58 feet, and 1 1 stories high. The entire building on Main street is forty feet, and on Fo t street, 124 feet. It is entered from the front, and on the side near the rear i of the large building. The front part of the lower story is occupied bjl book-room. The lower story in the rear building is the press-room, where p Telescope and other periodicals are printed, and where the Telescope is fo = and put into the mails. The second story is occupied by different off i The third story is largely occupied by the Religious Telescope, and the fo f by the bindery. The building, with the lot on which it stands, is invoice : $40,500. The finances of the publishing interests were for a time conducted by 1 editor of the Religious Telescope , in connection with the Trustees. Then were conducted by Rev. William Hanby. The General Conference, May! 1845, elected Rev. -I. Markwood, who resigned, and his place was suppliei : Rev. Nehemiah Altman, who was re-elected May 14, 1849. In 1852, 1 William Hanby was appointed publisher, to supersede the former ocenpi He was succeeded May 9, 1853, by Rev. Solomon Yonnieda. In March, 1854, Rev. Henry Kumler was associated with Rev. S. h neida, which association continued until December, 1854. In 1854, Mr ! N. Sowers was employed as assistant agent. In May, 1861, T. N. Sowers and J. B. King were elected publishing age; In June, 1864, Rev. W. J. Shuey was, by the Trustees, associated Mr. Sowers in the place of the former occupant. At the General Confere i held May 11, 1865, at Western, Iowa, Rev. W. J. Shuey and T. N. Sou were elected agents. Mr. Sowers having resigned, Rev. William McKee s O O O 7 chosen by the Trustees to fill the vacancy, which he did for one year, when resigned and was succeeded by Rev. W. J. Shuey, the present incumbent. In 1840, John Russell began the publication of a German monthly p; in Baltimore, Md. , called the Busy Martha. The first number was ise ) March 7, 1840. In 1841, steps were taken by the General Conference tow; the establishment of a printing office in that city. One-third of the subsc; tion list of the Religious Telescope was ordered turned over to this paper. ? Russell’s paper was merged into the enterprise, and the first paper, under; care of Rev. J. Erb, was issued July 1, 1841. The patronage being insr cient, it was discontinued June 22, 1842. In October, 1846, there first appeared a paper called the German f 'elesiio edited and published by Rev. N. Altman. It was issued from the office Circleville, Ohio. In 1847, the Trustees of the printing establishment ele > Rev. D. S trickier, as its editor, and June 1, 1847, it appeared under his edi, ship. The paner was an eight-page. After three years, the name of the paper was changed to that of tne n Martha. In 1851, the Trustees elected Rev. Henry Staub its editor. The name Busy Martha was discontinued in 1851, and November 11. 1 the first number of the Froehliche Botschafter appeared. This paper con i DAYTON. CITY OF DAYTON. 721 ; e , under the control of Rev. H. Staub until August 17, 1855, when he re- ced, and Julius Degmeyer was chosen to till the editorial chair. In De- * )e r, 1858, Mr. Degmeyer resigned his connection with the paper, and with ji beginning of the year 1859, it was reduced from a weekly to a semi- Jfchly, on account of its loss of money to the office. Rev. Solomon Von- i ( a was appointed its editor. This position he occupied up to August 28, Si. The paper had been again made a weekly on January 1, 1866. It was j< removed to Lebanon, Penn. , and published by the brethren there, being eiidby Rev. E. Light. General Conference of 1869 ordered the paper . k to Dayton, Ohio, and elected Rev. William Mittendorf its editor. To ii position he has since been re-elected at the General Conferences of 1873 ; 1877. He continues to edit the German literature with much ability, vit January 1, 1870, the publication of the Jugend Pilger began. It ap- ; sd as a monthly paper for German Sabbath schools. In January, 1874, came a semi monthly. It has been edited from the first by Rev. William i mdorf. THE UNITY MAGAZINE. In November, 1853, a monthly magazine was issued from the printing es- diment, edited by Rev. D. Edwards, called The Unity With God, and Maga- )/ Sacred Literature. It was devoted specially to the promotion of Chris- 1 Holiness. In 1854, the name of Unity Magazine was chosen for it. It was tpquently call® id Unity Magazine and Ladies' Companion , and edited by Rev. wen. Under his administration the name was changed to the Christian jJ sitory. It was ably edited, and shared the contributions of many of the •lit pens in the church. Yet, from several causes its patronage was at no inadequate to its financial support, and with the January number of its sixth ' ne it ended its career. children’s friend. The first number of the Children's Friend bears date May 6, 1854. It be- tas it has always continued, a semi-monthly, illustrated; Rev. D. Edwards isjts editor. With the number dated July 15, 1857, his control of the paper ;t!d. Rev. Alexander Owen having been elected its editor by the General tarence. The paper dated August 1, 1857, appeared under the editorship r. Owen. This relation continued up to January, 1859, when it was sev- 1 by the resignation of Mr. Owen. The March numbers of 1859 began the li rial control of “Uncle Solomon” — Rev. S. Yonnieda. For over ten years Children’s Friend continued under his care. In May, 1869, Rev. D. Ber- ras chosen his successor by the Board of Trustees, since which time he has x twice re-elected, in 1873 and in 1877. Diming these years the paper passed nr continuous improvements until the present. It now has semi-monthly elation of nearly 36,000 copies. MISSIONARY TELESCOPE. The first number of the Missionary Telescope was issued January, 1858, monthly periodical. Though published by the office, its financial main- nice was by the missionary society. It was soon ascertained that much as a msionary organ was needed, it was impracticable to secure its publication itmt financial loss upon the plan under which it was conducted. In No- ■' 'er, 1861, its publication was discontinued. MISSIONARY VISITOR. The first number of the Missionary Visitor bears date July 8, 1865. It as a semi-monthly, and has continued as such ever since. From the rs if was handsomely illustrated, and has been the means of much good in AA 722 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. our Zion. It was subsequently enlarged, and the character of its illustrat much unproved. Very many original cuts, of special interest to the Chu have been prepared for its pages. It has continued under the editorial cat Rev. D. K. Fickinger, corresponding secretary of the missionary society, the first, except during his absence on missionary tours, when it has been pared by the treasurer of the missionary society. Its circulation for the ending April 1, 1882, was 28,042. BIBLE TEACHER. A monthly magazine, of twenty-four pages, called Our Bible Teacher Sunday schools and families, containing ample comments on the Internati Sunday School Lesson, was issued in April, 1873. Such was its growing fulness that in 1878, it was increased in size to thirty-two pages. It was j the first edited by Rev. D. Berger, D. D., who was continued its editor by succeeding General Conferences. This magazine had a circulation of 4 copies during the year ending April 1, 1882. SUNDAY SCHOOL BIBLE LESSONS. This weekly-issued leaf, containing the Scripture lesson of the Lite tional Series, with daily Bible reading and short notes and comments on text, began with the beginning of the use of the International Series, s years ago. The first number was issued on the first of January, 1873. April, 1879, the Bible Lesson Quarterly was first issued. This contains same matter given in the Bible Lessons , with some additions, being m bound and issued every three months. The two have a combined are yearly circulation of about 60,000 copies. They are edited by Dr. Berger FOR THE LITTLE ONES. The first number of a small but beautiful weekly paper, called Foi Little Ones, appeared April 2, 1876. It is edited by Rev. Dr. Berger, at tastily and suggestively illustrated with original cuts from drawings prep specially for it by one of the best American artists. It is designed to fui illustration and instruction upon the Sunday school lessons as well as in eral literature for smallest readers. Its circulation for the past year was 167. woman’s EVANGEL. A monthly magazine devoted to the interests of missionary and Cirri* work, published by the Woman’s Missionary Association of the church, edited by Mrs. L. R. Keister, was first issued in January, 1882. In addition to the numerous papers and periodicals of the church lished at this establishment, an extensive book and stationery business is ried on, together with a great deal of job work for outside parties. CHRISTIAN PUBLISHING HOUSE. From this establishment is issued the Herald of Gospel Liberty — a r ious weekly paper of the Christian Church. The paper was established bi Rev. Elias Smith, at the city of Portsmouth, N H., in the year 1808, the issue bearing date of September 1, of that year. It is by eight years oldest religious periodical published in the world. In size, the first copy; 10x12 inches, having four pages with three columns to the page. It was, sequently published in the cities of Philadelphia, Boston and Newberry Mass., under the editorship of Revs. Frederick Plummer. P. R. Russell, jah Shaw, J. B. Weston and D. P. Pike. In 1868, the paper was rem to Dayton, and consolidated with the Gospel Herald , which journal, as a t CITY OF DAYTON. 723 thiv in pamphlet form, was published at New Carlisle. Ohio, in October, M, under the direction of the Ohio Christian Book Association, edited by he N. Walter, and printed by a man named Edwards. In the summer of si) R R. Pope purchased this press and removed it to Springfield, where h publication of this paper was continued. In the spring of 1847, Elders aes Williamson and James W. Marvin became editors of the Gospel Herald. '1 press and materials having been sold to John M. West, an arrangement v made this year for printing the paper in the Republic office. A year from n last date it was changed from a pamphlet form to a folio. In the year Si. the Ohio Christian Book Association bought material, and fitted up a lilting office in Rhinehart's building on Main street, where the Herald was .ward printed. In 1856. the paper was removed to Columbus, and the year owing to Dayton, where it was issued for the Western Christian Publishing .3 ciation, under the publishing agent and editor, Rev. John Ellis, who re- sted in charge of the paper from 1857 to 1862. The association simply vd the type, the printing having been done by a Mr. Stout. From 1862, until the close of the late war, the Gospel Herald was pub- =i d at Eaton, under the management and editorship of Rev. E. W. Hum- ays. In 1865, Dayton again became the home of this religious journal, hh, though changed in name, is still numbered among its best periodicals, i Humphrey, as editor, was succeeded by Rev. H. T. Rush early in 1865. uRev. W. T. Hawthorne became the publisher. An association was organized the same year, and the paper printed at the nid Brethren Publishing house, where rooms were occupied by its mana- i The paper continued under the editorial direction of Mr. Rush until , and during those years was issued under the following publishing agents: Roberts from January, 1867, to January, 1869, J. J. Suinmerbell until July tat year, L. Coffeen the remaining sis months in the year, and by the ers. Frank Browning, W. A. Gross and William Worley. In 1870, the ! .ving Trustees were appointed by the publishing association, and the id upon which the present commodious printing establishment stands nased: William Worley, Peter McCullough. J. G. Reeder, A. W. Coan tc iV. A. Gross. The present building, about 40x100 feet, three stories high, u ructed of brick with stone trimmings, and located on the southeast corner ain and Sixth streets, was at once erected and furnished, and the publish- gnterests of the association there centered, lev. N. Summerbell in 1877, became the publisher of the Herald of Gospel r 'ty, and also its editor, in which capacity he served until July, 1878, and succeeded by Rev. T M. McWhinney, who was likewise both the publisher 1 ditor. iince July, 1881, the editorial chair has been ably filled by the Rev. A. oan, and the business of the Publishing House, judiciously managed by ’> 0. W. Garoutte. The lower floor of the printing establishment is occupied ! 3 book press, job and mailing departments; and the second story by the Rising and editorial departments; the third story containing the bindery n d on by H. R. Groneweg. Under the present management, the job and Mpsition rooms have been fitted up and improved. A new engine and boiler dpinder job press are now being set in the building, which will greatly 'Mate the execution of the rapidly increasing business. Besides the pub- a 'inof their own religious periodicals, this house has for a number of years ■ : 'd the Daily and Weekly Anzeiger, and are now printing a number of both 1 u ; r and religious papers. There is also here executed much book, pamphlet : dbeneral job printing. The business of the house averages $25,000 a 724 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY- SUNDAY SCHOOL HERALD. This is a gem for the little folks, illustrated, and made its appearanr 1868, as a semi-monthly, under the editorship of the editor of the Herat Gospel of Liberty. In January, 1882, it was changed to a weekly. It is ducted by Rev. A. W. Coan and has a circulation of 1 0,000 copies. The publication of the Little Teacher, a small two-page 6x8 paper, desk for infant scholars, and Our Teacher's Guide and Scholar's Help, a quai lv magazine, containing comments on the International Sunday Lesson, b< January 1, 1882. The former is a weekly paper. Both are edited by Coan. CONCLUSION. In the past twenty-five or thirty years, many different papers have published in a variety of interests, which have existed for greater or less riods, and then failed, or been absorbed by other journals. Among those be mentioned a number of German papers as follows : Stimme Des Volk tablished by a Mr. Stierlin, was published about two years ; Dayton I) krai, established in 1856 by Haisch & Engler, lasted not quite a v Dayton Wochenblatt, founded in 1859 by Herman Rauh, was published a five years ; Daily Evening Abendblatt, established by Deitz & Egry, in 1 was the lirst German daily printed in Dayton, it only lasted a few weeks ; ton Pionier, established in 1860, by Richard Baur, which ran about two v The first of those German papers mentioned succeeded the Das Deutsche Jou which has already been spoken of, as well as the successor of the Pionier. Of the English papers that have been published for a time, there i beside those already mentioned, the Dayton City Item, established in uS.'i F. W. Anderton & Co., an afternoon paper, independent in politics, whicli up to a circulation of 1,700, and lasted about three years. Fred Emricli! its first editor, and Joseph Z. Reeder its second, the latter of whom had cl f of its columns about a year. Other papers of a later date were the Dp Daily Sun, Dayton Commercial, Dayton Advertiser, all of which were eve issues, price one penny. The Standard and Dayton Leader were alsopnbl here for a short time; and in 1866, L. D. Reynolds established the D; Chronicle , which existed less than a year. In 1868, he began to publis Dayton Weekly Index, which ran a year. The following houses do a general line of commercial printing and jol business: Henry D. Stout, 27 South Main street ; Reynolds & Reynolds,!) east corner of Second and Jefferson streets ; Odell & Mayer, 133 East 7 street ; Holden Manufacturing Company, 38 North Main street ; Wail Walker, 131 East Third street ; Moosbrugger Bros., corner Sixth and streets ; C. P. Sweetman, 24 East Fourth street ; Amos S. Jones, 241 f Commercial street : G. C. Wise, 36 East Fifth street ; John Ralston, on street, in the old Journal building. CITY OF DAYTON. CHAPTER X. SECRET SOCIETIES. i onic — Odd Fellows — Knights of Pythias— Ancient Order United Workmen — Order United American Mechanics — Other Orders. WOT having access to the books of the various societies of the city, we are _ enabled to give only such information as can be obtained from outside .ices, except in some instances where the secretaries have kindly furnished s ith data for more complete sketches. Secret orders early found a footing : 'ayton, and have since increased in numbers and prosperity with the growth fie city. MASONIC. The Masonic order, the oldest of fraternities, was the first to hold raeet- i: in the town of Dayton. In early years, the members of this order were so scattered that it was diffi- ij to obtain a sufficient number to organize a lodge in one place. Accord- iffir, we find that Harmony Lodge, No. 9, contained all the members of the n r residing at Dayton, Springfield and Ur liana, and that the meetings of u odge were held in each of these places once a month. The first record San find of these meetings is of a communication held in the court house, >ayton, on the 1st day of Septemb r, 1809. In Dayton, the lodge met i t at the residence of Hugh McCullom, or in the court house. This lodge was afterward divided by the members living near Dayton and r forming a new lodge known as St. John’s, which met semi-monthly in i< of the above places. These lodges met and operated under special dis- iratidns from the Grand Lodge of Ohio. St. John’s Lodge continued to > its sessions alternately at Dayton and Troy, until it was permanently es- il shed at the former place. On January 10, 1812, the following members residing at Dayton obtained ' liter for St. John’s Lodge, No. 13: Samuel Shoap, George Grove, Aaron rd. Jerome Holt, Hugh McCullom, George F. Tenery, Henry Marquart, hander Ewing, William Calhoun. William Smith, John Cox and David A6. The Lodge now numbers 139 members, and meets in Masonic Temple, of Fifth and Main streets. The present officers (1881 ) are: H. A. Billings, I. : W. H. Martin, S. W. ; J. E. Schonacker, J. AW ; Joseph Light, Treas. ; I. AVhitehurst, Secretary; George Blythe, S. D. : Phillip Haas, J. D. ; C. .neisly, Tiler; George L. Roberts, P. L. Snyder and D. Iv. Boyer, Trus- Unity Chapter, No. 16, was chartered January 7, 1829, with the follow- - nembers : AVilliam Fielding, F. Gosney. John C Underwood, R. J. Skin- Henry A. Imlag. Orris Stearns, Burnett Lewis, Robert Hurd, Charles (Kelly, G. A. Schenk, Elisha Brotham, AVilliam Smith and Martin Smith, h arst officers were William Fielding, H. P. ; Robert Hurd, King; William "('ll, Scribe. The Chapter now numbers 166 members, with the following ® rs George J. Roberts, H. P. ; Eli Fasold, King; R. D. Hughes, Scribe; !h T Haas, Treas.; J. H. Scheffel, Sec.; Thomas Wyatt, C, H.; W. G. AVhite- 726 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. hurst, P. S. ; S. J. Bigler, R. A. C. ; H. A. Billings, G. M. 3d Y. ; AV. A. G lith, G. M. 2d Y. ; J. E. Schonacker, G. M. 1st V. ; Allen Jeffers, Guard. Reese Council, No. 9, was organized by charter granted October 24, 18 to A. Death, John Sayre, H. Vinal, M. Simpson and associates. There now over ninety members. The officers for 1881 are: Thomas Wyatt, T. I. S. J Rigler, D. M. ; W. G. Whitehurst. P. C. W. ; S. M. Sullivan, Treas.; H. Scheffel, Recorder; J. E. Schonacker, C. Gen.; H. A. Billings, C. of Coi cil; Philip Haas, Steward; Allen Jeffers, Guard. Reed Commandery, No. 6, Knights Templar was organized under a < pensation granted by Right Eminent Sir Bela Latham, Grand Master of 01 June 15, 1846, and was opened with the following officers Isaac L. Davis, C. ; George Keifer, G. : Samuel Reed, C. Gen. The first conclave was k in the old Sayre Building, at the southeast corner of First and St. Clair strei and lasted for three days and evenings, during which time the orders Knighthood were conferred on nine companions. The charter was recei and the permanent officers elected under it October 27, 1846, as follows: 1 William H. Raper, E. C. ; Thomas C. Mitchell, G.; John Mills, C. Gen.; Jc Sayre, P. ; John H. Achey, S. W. ; John Willson, J. W. ; D. Eichelberj Treas. ; Peter Baer, Recorder; James Bolens, Standard Bearer; William Dai son. Sword Bearer; M. S. Blossom, W.; S. C. Mitchell, J. W. Kills, N. I jamin, Guards; and L. H. Brown, S. There are'now 185 members. The foil ing are the present officers ( 1881) of the Commandery: Eli Fasold, E. C.; Mai i J. Houck, G.; John A. Miller, C. Gen.; Yal. Schaeffer, P. ; William L, Ba S. W. ; Thomas Wyatt, J. W. ; Christian F. Kneisly, Treas.; John N El Recorder; Charles A Phillips, Standard Bearer; William H. Hvers, Swji Bearer; Horace A. Irvin, W. ; Allen Jeffei’s, S. ; O. Britt Brown, 1st G. ; Jo L. Burkitt, 2d G. ; James Linden, 3d G. : Jost Durst, S M. Sullivan, Gee; W. Kneisly, Trustees. Dayton Lodge, No. 147, was chartered October 25, 1847, and matin with seventeen members, and the following lirst officers: John Sayre, M. Collins, J. W. ; J. L. Howard, S. W. There are now 140 members, officers for 1881 are R. D. Hughes, W. M. ; James Linden, S. W. ; J' Schuster, J. W. ; Peter JoHantgen, Treas. ; T. B. Hannah, Sec. ; Ezra Jeffn S. D. ; James W. Mitchell, J. D.; Allen Jeffers, Tiler; Jost Durst, 0. M. G schall, S. M. Sullivan, Trustees. Mystic Lodge, No. 405, was organized by charter granted January 1868, with thirty-one members. The first officers were: Christian Erorick, W. B. Wonderly, S. W. ; Ziba Crawford, J. W. The Lodge now has sixty-ei members, and the following officers: C. G. Parker, W. M. ; Eli Fasold. 8. J L. Burkitt, J. W. ; J. K. Mclntire, Treas.; D. G. Wogamon, Sec.; Hi V. Lytle, S. D. ; AY. H. Hoffman, J. D.; AY. L. Bates, Tiler; George Kneisly, Eli Fasold and C. A. Phillips, Trustees. Gabriel Lodge of Perfection (Scottish Rite) was organized with sixty- members, under a charter dated September 22. 1880. There are now 130 m bers. The present officers are: Gabriel B. Harman, T. P. G. M. : Then Wyatt, H. of T. D. G. M.: George J. Roberts, Y. S. G. W.; Horace A Ir Y. J. G. AY.; Eli Fasold, G. O.; Joseph Light, G. T.; Charles E. Swade: G. S., K. of S. and A. ; John A. Miller, G. M. of C. ; Charles AV. Chamberl G. C. of the G.; Orson B. Williams, G. H. B. ; Allen Jeffers, G. T. Miami Council Princes of Jerusalem (Scottish Rite) was chartered tember 22, 1880, and was organized with sixty-five members. There are ; 119 members. The following is a list of the present officers: Charles Chamberlain, M.\E. \S.\P.\G ’ Mu. ; C. C. Kneisly, G. \H. ■ P. \D.\G.\M George A. Archer, M. \E. \S.\G. '. AV. '. ; Fred Reibold, M.’.E. ‘. J.'.G. .A CITY OF DAYTON. 727 ojjh Light, Val. \G.\ Treas. ; Charles E. Swadener, V. \ G. '.Sec., K. ■. of S.\ ; John A. Miller, V. \G. \ of C. \ ; J. M. Weaver, V.'.G. \ A. ■. ; John N. e Y.'.G.'. of E. \ ; Philip Haas, G. T. Dayton Chapter of Rose Croix (Scottish Rite) was chartered September 2 P.880, and had sixty -five charter members. There are now 119 members, ^following is a list of the present officers: Charles C. Kiefer, M. \ W. \ and Eli Easold, M. \ E. \ P. \K. \S. ■. W. \ ; William H. Martin, M. \E. •. k P. \ K. ’. J. W. *. ; William Earnshaw, M.\E.\ and P. \K.\G. \0. \ ; Joseph ji.t, R. - . and P. - .K. '.Treas.; Charles E. Swadoner, R.\ and P. \K. •. Sec.; a iel B. Harman R.\ and P.’.K. '.H. ; John A. Miller, R.\ and P.'.K. \AI. \ Charles W. Chamberlain, R. . and P.'.K. \C.\ of the G.'. Freemasons' Mutual Benefit Aid Association of Dayton was organized from nig the Masonic fraternity April 17, 1871. with about sixty members. The . officers were: C. C. Kiefer, Pres. ; O. M. Gottschal, Sec. ; C. C. Kiefer, i h Jeffers, D. K. Boyer, James M. Matthews, J. H. Waymire, P. L. Snyder 1. M. Gottschal, Directors. The object of the Society is to create a fund ctie benefit of the widows and children of deceased members. No health or .-qualification is necessary. Any Master Mason in good standing, of St. )1 ’s. Dayton or Mystic Lodges, can become a member. The Association i’ numbers 140 members. The present Board of Directors (1881) is as fol- v, D. K. Boyer, Pres.; S. J. Riggler, Vice Pres.; Allen Jeffers, Sec. ; Joseph i t, Treas.; George Kemp, Eli Fasold, Ira Crawford. ODD FELLOWS. The first meeting of Odd Fellows held in Dayton was at the residence of ,o;s Simpson, on the northeast corner of First and St. Clair streets, on the 1 ly of April. 1888. The members present were: R. N. Comly, Richard key, Richard Green, Martin Conklin, John Tothill and John Sidle. With ie members Montgomery Lodge, No. 5. was instituted by Grand Secretary be, under a charter dated April 19, 1833. The first officers elected were Hard Green, N. G. ; Richard Disney, Y. G. ; R. N. Comly, Sec.; and Lain Conklin, Treas. The first members initiated were William Wise and ji J. Lyons. The lodge meetings were first held in a room over Schoen- - i clothing store, on Second street, between Alain and Jefferson streets, hr meetings are now held in Odd Fellows Temple, corner of Third and Yrson streets. The lodge now contains 220 members. The officers are Pampei, N. G. ; George Wilson, Y. G. ; James Anderson, P. S. ; James -ell, Treas. Dayton Encampment, No. 2, was, as its number indicates, the second En- aiment instituted in Ohio. Its charter members were: William F. Comly, 8p Cook, Henry L. Brown, Elias Favorite, John Sayre. William B. Dicks v James Yanaztram. The charter was granted on the 2d day of August, There are now 247 members. The officers for 1881 are George Wat- i C. P. ; A. Shinn, H. P.; C. H. Stylar, S. W.; John Stales, J. W. : L. S. a lose, Scribe ; J ames Anderson, Treas. Vv ayne Lodge, No. 10, was chartered April 15, 1840, and instituted with u ollowing members : William F. Comly, Richard N. Comly, John Sayre, H. .tt, L. Wollaston, Joseph A. Dusang, J. Bartlow, D. M. Houk, George F. 7er. E. Favorite and Lewis Lindsley. The lodge now numbers 249 mem- ; 9, i The officers for 1881 are Albert F. Sparks, N. G.; Charles H. Steiner, Ah r - John W. Boren, R. S. ; Charles Rench. P. S. ; Charles A. Starr, Treas.; H 93 Turner, A. Shinn, H. Bates, George Parrott and Charles W. Raymond, hr.tees. J Buckeye Lodge, No. 47, was organized under a charter granted August 728 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 16, 1845, with twenty charter members. The lodge now has a membershi] > 115. The following are the officers for 1881: W. D. Gifford, N. G. : Join Riley, Y. G. ; W. D. McKemy, P. S. ; John Merkle, R. S. ; H. J. Feicht, Tr - Schiller Lodge, JSIo. 206, was chartered January 20, 1852, and ingtitin February 15, 1852. The charter members were: George Nauerth, F. W. Bi John Schaefer, J. C. Lutzenberger, C. Knecht, H. Y. Berk, D. Heinz, C. B] man, John V. Nauerth and C. Peeper. The lodge works in the German guage, and now numbers 175 members. The officers (1881) are: August G, ( N. G. ; Fred Kette, Y. G., Abrabam Minchrod, R. S. ; August Ebel, P. g. ; ward Pape, Treas. Dayton Lodge, No. 273, was instituted in the hall in Ohio Block, on T' • street, April 20, 1855, by R. W. G. Master Thomas J. McLain. The clia : members were: George M. Young, William Stover, A. E Underwood, W. 1 Wolf. Joseph Baird, Thomas J. Green, I. N. F. Beaver, John M. H'artle, L Crawford and John Graves. The first officers were: George M. Young, N. John Graves, V. G. ; Ziba Crawford, R. Sec; Joseph Baird, P. Sec.; I. N : Beaver, Treas. The lodge held its first meeting in the new hall in Wall (now Dickey’s) Block, on July 2, 1859. The hall was publicly dedicated i: uary 19, 1860. In March, 1880, they purchased a one-fourth interest in hall on the corner of Fifth and Commercial streets, which was dedicated A 20, 1880. The lodge now has a membership of 286, being the largest lodg i the county. It is a prosperous and enterprising lodge, and is characterize! : the regular and full attendance of its members. The officers for 1881 are: 1 R. Knaub, N. G. ; Y. IT. Butt, V. G. ; John Roepkin, R. S. ; W. L. AUnckel I S. ; G. Durst, Treas. Turner Encampment, No. 116, was instituted in Dickey’s Block. East F street. May 21, 1869, by G. P. James Turner. The charter members v J. M. C. Matthews, C. P. ; George B. Hicks, IT. P. ; Adam Weber, S. W. ; Job I Lutz J. AY.; J. Malloway, Scribe; George W. Kemp, Treas. ; Henry Dornbi Ezra Clark, J. R. Mitchell and William AY. Patton. The encampment numbers eighty-seven members. The officers for 1881 are: H. B. Stanfer, Ed Jacob Perrine, H. P. ; Jacob Riscly, S. AY ; George A. Smith, J. AY; Joke' Knaub, Scribe; Adam AVeber, Treas. AVildey Lodge, No. 24. Daughters of Rebekah, was instituted by On Master James Turner January 7 ; 1870, with thirty- three members. The officers were: A. AVeber. N. G. ; L. Mueller, V. G.; IT. Riehl, R. j§.; 1 Tschudy, P. S. ; IT. Dornbush. The lodge now numbers sixty-seven mem* ' The officers for 1882 are: Phillip Dhein. N. G. ; Elizabeth Miller, V Go 1 iel Schroer. Sec. ; Sophia Sauer, Treas. Temple Lodge, No. 80, Daughters of Rebekah, was organized with li four charter members, under a charter dated May 15, 1872. The officers Ellen Connell, N. G. ; Marie R. Neipraschk, R. S. ; Dr. C. H. Leamau. L Steubeu Lodge, No. 507, was organized under a charter granted May 1872. It was instituted at the hail of Dayton Lodge by James Turner k. M, , May 24, 1872, with twenty members. The lodge now numbers 111 -no' bers. The officers for 1882 are: Ignatz Franz, N. G. ; J. G. Miller. V i M. Seeger, R. S. ; Adam AVeber, P. S. ; Henry Riehl, Treas. The lodge 1 owns a one-fourth interest in the Odd Fellows Building, corner of F ifth j Commercial, which they purchased of the Society of Harugari, for $2,100. Fraternal Lodge, No. 510, was organized June 10, 1872, with nine ck;| l members. The lodge now numbers eighty- six members. The officers ) Webster Fry, N. G. ; N. P. Zehring, Y. G. ; O. P. Carson, P. S. ; Will- Potts, R. S. ; William Gronnewig, Treas. The Odd Fellows Aid Association was organized June 23, 1869, with CITY OF DAYTON. 731 ‘(.owing officers: M. Worman, Prest. ; W. W. Lane, Sec. ; John Bettelon, Treas. li object of the Association is to aid the families of deceased members by a ) [ q of mutual insurance. Each member pays an assessment of $1.10 at each ! th, and the family of the deceased member receives $500, and $1 of each afssment paid by the insure^ during his membership. There are now 585 jinbers. The officers are: Cyrus Howell. Prest.; N. R. Bunker, Vice Prest.; LS. La Bose, Sec. ; John Bettelon, Treas. The District Grand Committee of Montgomery County, under its present king was organized under a law passed at a session of the Grand Lodge of 0 in May, 1874. The first District Deputy appointed was John Zehring, 'friendship Lodge. The first meeting held after his appointment was Sep- rJber 15, 1875. At that meeting it was decided to hold quarterly meetings, v eh has since been done. At the first regular meeting, the committee organ - z . by electing A. Shinn, W arden ; Hiram Lewis, Sec. ; J ohn Dieter, Guar- ii. W. C. Slifer, of Dayton Lodge, was the nest District Deputy; J. An- leon, Warden; J. M. Tressler, Guardian. The next officers were: James oner of Wayne Lodge, District Deputy; J. Anderton, Sec. ; D. R. Bosson, 7 'den; J. M. Tressler, Guardian. In 1878, J. J. Antrim, of Friendship jige, District Deputy; J. Anderton, Sec.; John Clingman, Warden; John Ink, Guardian. In 1879, P. G. Adam Weber, of Steuben Lodge, District liuty; J. Anderton, Sec.; Eddie Fairchild, Warden; J. Reedy, Guardian. : nHSO, Adam Weber, re-appointed; J. Anderton, Sec. ; Simon Spark, Warden; aib Perrine, Guardian. 1881, Jacob Perrine, of Dayton Lodge, District ) h\ Louis Keller, George M. Smart, J. S. Miles, George W. Snyder, Daniel - [asler, F. Riebold, Charles Anderton, James Clingman, J. Lacy, Marquiss • tenson, George W. Steig, Joseph Light, B. B. Crosley, H. C. Snodgrass, Ifebbert, W. H. Ware, and others. The lodge now numbers eighty-three -Hers, and is officered (1881) as follows: E. E. Bovinger, C. C. ; George T>ig> V. C. ; J. L. Marquis, P. R. E. L. ; A. F. Smart, M. of F. ; G. M. Smart, f E. ; W. F. Trebein, K. of R. & S. ; F. W. L. Minderman, M. of A. Humboldt Lodge, No. 58, was organized and instituted September 9, 1873, 11 twenty- four members. The first officers were: Peter Reinhard, P. C. ; i'e.r Weidner, C. C. ; Dr. A. Sheibenzuber, V. C.; Robert Georgi, Iv. of R. & 'Edward Sachs, M. of F.; Fred Weis, M. of E. ; J. Renold, Prelate: George -mer, M. of A. ; C. C. Waltermater, O. G. ; August Wichgar, I. G. Their p ings were first held at Tivoli Gardens, on East Fifth street. The lodge • ^numbers 120 members. The officers for 1881 are: Henry Sartor, P. C. ; m F. Goetz, C. C.; Henry Ricker, V. C.; John Amur, K. of R. & S. ; Hies Roesch, Prelate; Theodore Neis, M. of F. ; Peter Reinhard, M. of E. ; -®y Vanderheide, M. at A. The lodge now works in the German language, itn( ?ow meets in Castle Hall, Reibold Block. Iola Lodge, No. 83, was instituted on March 24, 18/5, at Castle Hall, 732 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. North Main street, by Grand Chancellor James W. Swope and his Grai Deputies, and other prominent members of the order, who were present for tl occasion. The charter members were twenty-one in number. The first office were: Charles O. Iddings, P. C. ; E. L. Rowe, C. C. ; Charles E. Clark, Y, (. J. C. Young, Prelate; A. H. Whyte, K. of R. & S. ; D. T. Mills, M. of F.; Wi iam Wolf, M. of E. ; Thomas S. Felto, M. at A. ; John W. Marshall, J. G. ; Hen Ha as, O. G. ; Charles 0. Iddings, Representative. The present officers (188 are: Samuel Johnson, P. C. ; George H. Wilcox, C. C. ; John W. Marsha Y. C. ; A. O. Schenck, Prelate; J. Daniel Knerr, M. of E. ; H. W. Lewis. M F. ; Thomas S. Tilton, K. of R. & S; G. E. Rogers, M. at A.; W. J. Obling Jr., I. G. ; O. D. Casterline, O. G. ; Dr. C. H. Leaman, Member Joint Boa of Relief; PI. W. Lewis, Representative to Grand Lodge; T. Brown Holxru District Deputy Grand Chancellor; Samuel Johnson, T. B. Holmes, W. George, W. W. Hales and Thomas S. Tilton, Trustees. The present membt ship is 101. The lodge now occupies New Castle Hall, East Fifth street, a meets Wednesday evening of each week. Uniform Rank Division, No. 5, was chartered November 13, 1878, a: organized with the following officers: Charles D. Iddings, Com.; P. Weidn Lieut. Com. ; J. P. Marquardt, Jr., Herald; L. H. Reist, Recorder; J. L. M: quis, Treas. ; Robert Georgi, Guard: W. S. Star, Sentinel. The Division n< numbers seventy-seven members. The officers for 1881 are: William F. Ti bein, C. ; T. Brown. L. C. ; J. P. Marquardt, Jr., Herald; J. L. Marquis, Record H. H. Hall, Treas.; J. R. Mitchell, Guard; C. C. Walternathe, Sentinel. Endowment Rank, Section 416, was organized May 18, 1880, with twen two members. There are now thirty-nine members. The officers are: Gcoi M. Smart, Prest. ; H. W. Lewis, Vice Prest. ; J. L. Marquis, Sec. and Treas.: P. Marquardt, Jr., Chaplain; F. W. Berk, Jr., Guard; C. C. Walternathe, Ser nel; A. C. Rickey, M. D., Medical Examiner; Thomas Tilton, Thomas D H and John Jennie, Trustees. ANCIENT ORDER UNITED WORKMEN. Miami Lodge, No. 16, was instituted February 9, 1874, with twenty-tk charter members, and the following officers: Meyer Lebensberger, P. M. M. J. Swadener, M. W. ; A. Whitcomb, Foreman; W. H. Barbour, 0 verse W. D. McKemy, Recorder; Daniel Leonhard, Financier; Joseph Lebersbeq Receiver; Phillip Kerr, Watchman. The first meetings of the lodge were Gorman’s Building, East Third street. The lodge now 7 numbers eigMy-f members, and meets at No. Ill South Jefferson street. The officers for 1 are: Charles Makenas, P. M. W. ; Harry B. Keller, M. W. ; George A. Jewell, Charles Gilliland, O. ; James O. Arnold, Guide; D. McKemy, R. ; Daniel Le hard, Financier; John S. Church, Receiver; Robert Hempenstail, I. W.; J< Q. Salesbury, O. W. Teutonia Lodge, No. 21, was organized April 15, 1874, with thirty- charter members. The first officers were: Phillip Kern, P M. W. ; Louis Hi M. W. ; George Happel, Foreman; Christ Kronenthal, Overseer; Samuel A ner, Guide; George Hueber, Recorder; Henry Keuler, Financier; George I big, Treas.; Andrew Metz, Watchman. The first meetings wrnre held in I. 6. B. B. Hall, in Gorman’s Block. The present officers (1881) are: Jfi Franck, P. M. W.; Peter Aman, M. W. ; Plenry G. Wetecamp, Foreman; Cor Beckel, Overseer; Frederick Bender, Guide; Jonas Rosenthal. Recorder; 1 Weismantel, Financier; Louis Haas, Treas.; John A. \\ eismantel, I. Joseph Beh, O. G. The lodge now numbers eighty -one members, and in, in S. O. N. W. Hall. It works in the German language, and is in a flour ing condition. CITY OF DAYTON. 733 Concordia Lodge, No. 46, was instituted by D. D. G. M. W. Louis Haas Jjjch 25, 1875, with twenty-four members. The first officers were: John oen, P. N. W. ; Peter Lenz. M. W. • Jacob Gruenewald. F. : William Nauerth, i Charles Wenzel, G. ; Adolph Abicht, R. ; Louis Stern, Treas. The lodge c; numbers seventy-sis members and meets in Druids and Odd Fellows Hall, 0 er of Fifth and Commercial. The present officers (1881) are: Valentine !m, P. M. W. ; Herrman Meier, M. W. ; William Kindel, F. ; J. C. Vollkam- 1 0.; Gustave Schimel, Guide; John Schoen, Recorder; Louis Reiter, Finan- : Fred Henzel, Receiver; Adolph Wortmann. J. W. ; Martin Schellock, O. \ this lodge also works in the German language. Dayton Lodge, No. 48, was organized June 11, 1875, with forty charter cgibers, and the foilwing officers: C. P. Rousch, P. M. W. ; Charles E. Swade- M. W. ; W. F. Trebein, F. ; Albert Cozine, O. ; W. W. Lane, R. ; John D. [Jee, Fin.; Charles E. Clark, Receiver; F. W. Wood, G. ; Jacob Kinsel, I. E. F. Wellemeyer, O. W. ; William Seeley, Fred Weis and J. D. Arras, r lees. The present membership is 103. The lodge meets on Friday even- , in A. O. U. W. Hall (Charch's Building), Jefferson street. The present ffsrs are: Jacob Spindler, P. M. W. ; John Hauser, Jr., M. W. ; Henry Ltser, F. ; Enoch Travis, O. ; Edward Phillips, R. ; J. D. Arras. Fin.; B. FT, • er, R. ; J. W. Russel, G. ; William Spickler, I. W. ; E. T. Wellemeyer, O. W. ORDER UNITED AMERICAN MECHANICS. Fulton Council, No. 15, was organized June 17, 1872, in Boslar’s Hall, Youth Main street, with thirty-three members, and the following officers: •ge S. Ball, C.; M. V. AVirich, V. C. ; Richard Witcomb, R. S.; W. A. c ; er, F. S. ; W. H. Rouzer, Treas. The present (1881) officers are: David liter, C.; W. H. Smith, V. C. ; L. J. Moore, R. S. ; Isaac S. Moon, F. S. ; I Rouzer, Treas. / Mayflower Council, No. 35, was organized in Dickey’s Block, September i 875, 'with about thirty members, and was instituted by S. A. Wetzell. b first officers were: J. W. Knaub, C. ; George A. Smith. V. C. ; William L. chell, R. S. ; C. H. Decker, F. S. ; IV. C. Sleiffer, Treas. The Council has 112 members. The officers for 1882 are: R. R. Love, C. ; George A . C. ; H. B. Stauffers, R. S. ; William H. Martin, F. S. ; B. D. Long- rh, Treas. Niagara Council, No. 25, was instituted May 30, 1873, with twenty-two er members. The council now numbers forty-three members. The offi- ■ifor 1881 are: James W. Booth, D. S. C.; James W. Booth, Sr., Ex. C. ; iam A. Felker, Jr., Ex. C. ; J. I . Lentz, Jr., C. ; Charles C. Davidson, V. E. V. Staley, R. S. ; William A. Lippy, F. S.; D. Sanders, F. ; B. F. Ar- Ind.; H. V. Houser, Ex.; J. W. McFarland, I. P. ; Levi Hall. O. P. ; Jacob 'Fes, B. F. Arnold, C. C. Davidson, Trustees. Friendship Council, No. 15, Junior Order, was organized December 17, ! ' , with eleven charter members. It was a re-organization under a change ame, of a lodge existing for four years previous to it called Surprise ■ge, which was organized about 1872 or 1873. The first officers of Friend- Lodge were : J. B. Kuhns, C. ; Arthur Dieter, V. C. ; Charles Weikel, R. Fd Dieter. A. R. S.; J. W. Ebd, Treas.; H. A. Silar, F. S. The lodge ' has sixty-seven members. The following are the present officers: William f thorn, C.; AVilliam Smith. V. C.; J. O. Arnold, R. S. ; H. A. Silar, F. S.; h l es S. Durst, Treas. Miami Council, No. 7, Junior Order, was organized in Arnold’s Building, '8 South Main street, October 18, 1872, with eleven charter members. The ^officers were: D. P. Clark, C. ; H. AV. Lewis, A 7 . C. ; G. R. AVells; R, S.; 734 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. H. J. Buvinger, A. R. S. ; C. W. Bridenbaugh, F. S. ; B. T. Guion, Ties The lodge now has a membership of seventy. The present officers are: E. Swerer, C. ; Ion Hord, V. C. ; W. Lutzenberger, R. S. ; C. D. Kidd, Jr., A. S. ; A. W. Hudson, F. S. ; B. T. Guion, Treas. OTHER ORDERS. Howard Council, No. 161, Royal Arcanum, was organized in Septembi 1878, with nineteen charter members. The first officers were: S. Johnson. R. ; O. M. Gottschall, R. : H. E. W. Campbell, V. R.; F. M. Hosier, Orat< T. B. Holmes, Sec.; G. R. Wells, Col.; S. L. La Rose, Treas.; James W. A derton, Guide; W. F. Snyder, Sentry. The council now has a members!) of seventy-three. The present officers (1881) are: A. Humphreys, R. ; J. Viot, V. R. ; William Watkins, P. R.; J. C. Reber, Orator; A. L. Shear Chap.; W. E. Crume, Guide; S. H. Hall, Warden; T. B. Holmes, Sec.; G. Wells, Collector; Y. P. Van Horne, Treas.; S. L. La Rose, Sentry. Dayton Lodge, No. 23, Knights of Honor, was instituted July 13, IS in Ladow & Winder’s marble shop, North Main street, by Darius Wilson, D., the first Supreme Dictator of the Order, with eleven charter members. T following officers were elected and installed: W. H. Rouzer, P. D. ; John Winder, D. ; G. A. Walkup, Y. D. ; J. Hotsapillar, A. D. ; Thomas W. Harri R. ; W. A. Marietta, F. R. ; E. Jennings, Treas.; R. M. Allen, Guide; W. Groneweg, Guardian; W. L. Blocker, Sentinel. The first meetings were In in Ohio Block, and in the following November they took a joint lease Sheets’ Hall, on East Second street. On the 1st of October, 1880, they p cured a lease on ClegMs Hall. East Third street, and made it one of the Sn appointed halls in the city. It has been dedicated, and is known as Knigl of Honor Hall. The lodge meets every Friday evening; has 145 mornbe and the following officers: A. B. Reeves, P. D. ; C. F. Messner, D. ; J. Dodd, V. D. ; Henry S. Steffy, A. D. ; W. A Marietta, R.; R. M. Allen, F. 1 C. R. Heckler, Treas. ; L. Brussman, Guide; O. P. Wood, Guardian; Peter A pi Sentinel. In the seven years since its organization, they have lost but ( member by death, and have paid into the Supreme Treasury, for the relief families of deceased members, $6,647.20. Franklin Grove, No. 2 (German), United Ancient Order of Druids, v organized July 10, 1849, with the following charter members: Philip Dke John Kissner, William Groneman. The first officers were: John Kissneo A.; Phillip Walz, V. A.; Frank Schieble, Sec ; William Groneman, 1. 0 ; five hundred feet of hose were purchased at the same time. Soon after- a! the “ Safety Fire Engine and Hose Company No. 1” was organized, and a t'i;: engine house built for them on the east side of Ludlow street, half way :ieen Second street and the first alley south. The first officers of the company James Perrine, Foreman ; Valentine Winters, Assistant Foreman ; J. D. ojQis, Secretary ; T. R. Clark, Treasurer ; Thomas Brown, Leader of Hose ejchment; Henry Diehl, Assistant Leader ; William P. Huffman, Jacob Wilt, ■ : Baer, Henry Buchler and Abraham Overleas, Directors. These companies were followed by the “ Independent Fire Engine and Hose > pany,” the “Enterprise Fire Engine and Hose Company,” and other volun- e companies, in whose hands the safety of the city reposed until the organ- a m of the paid fire department. In April, 1836, an ordinance was passed giving 50 cents to each church . m for ringing an alarm of fire. The fire at the Journal building, on the west side of Main just south of Third fit, in July, 1863, was the last large fire fought by the volunteer companies Ij haud-engines. Owing to the manifest inefficiency of the department as dated at that fire, it was decided to establish a paid fire department in the city. rdingly, in the latter part of 1863, steam fire-engines were purchased, and < lay ton Fire Department organized, with William Patton, Chief, one Assistant V, and fifteen regular firemen. Since then, the following gentlemen have ' das chiefs of the department: William Gill, John Chambers, George Vail, | ony Stevens, John II. Winder, James Lewis and D. C. Larkin, the latter being resent incumbent. The -department now consists of the following companies : •ijal Eng ine Company No. 1, whose house is on East Fifth street, opposite ( n ; it is the office of the Assistant Chief, who is also Superintendent of the Alarm Telegraph. This company is composed of six men, and is equipped da chemical engine, two horses, swinging harness and other necessary appur- i; ces Hose Company No. 1, located at the same house, and is equipped with ■prse, one reel, swinging harness and 1,500 feet of rubber hose, pastern Hose Reel Company No. 2 is composed of three men, and located on ' jest side of Webster street between Second and Third. The company has a j e of the following property: One horse, swinging harness, and 1,500 feet of s, ’500 rubber. Vestem Engine Company No. 2 is composed of eight men and located on the u, j s 'de of Fifth street, west of Wilkinson. The equipments consist of a two- ' '■ hook and ladder truck containing ten ladders, two horses and swinging har- neS5 i Engine Company No. 3 is in this house, and has charge of Engines Nos. 1 738 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. and 2, and Engine No. 3 stationed at Hope Hose House on east Third street, al two horses and swinging harness. Hose Reel Company No. 3, located at tl house, has charge of one hose reel, one horse, swinging harness and 1,600 feet hose. This building was erected in 1876, at a cost of #10,000. The second sto is divided into a chief’s office, sleeping apartments, bath-room, supply-roo work-room, etc. It is handsomely furnished throughout — largely by private dm tion. About all the work of the department is done at this house by the men. Main Street Hose Company No. 4 is located on the northeast corner of M; and Water streets, and consists of three men, with one horse, one reel, swiiim harness and 1,500 feet of hose. Miami Hose Company No. 5 consists of three men, and is located at 1 corner of Fifth and Baxter streets, West Dayton. They have one horse, swinoi harness, one hose reel, 1,600 feet of hose and Hook and Ladder Truck No. 2. Hope Hose Reel Company No. 6 consists of three men, located on East Tk street, between Terry and Morrison streets. They have one horse, swinging k ness, one hose reel and 1,500 feet of hose. The total cost ot the department to the city in 1881 was #27,641.79. The to value of the property owned is #81,350.47. The department is operated by the Gatnewell’s Fire Alarm Telegraph, which a circuit of thirty miles of wire are now in use. The following is a list the signal boxes with their location and number; 4, Eastern Engine House, Central Engine House ; 6, Western Engine House ; 7, Hope Hose House, No. 8, Ludlow and Second streets ; 1-2, St. Clair and Kenton streets ; 1-3, Jeffen and Third streets ; 1-4, Greer & King’s foundry ; 1-5, Main Street Hose Hou 1-6, First and Foundry streets ; 2—1 , Keowee and Water streets ; 2-3, Val street, North Dayton ; 2-4, Lowell and Second streets ; 2-5, Montgomery : Third streets ; 2-6, Third street and Linden avenue ; 2-7, Fifth and Allen strec 3-1, Wayne and Oak streets; 3-2, Wayne and Richard streets; 3-4. Fifth ; Plum streets ; 3-5, High and McLain streets ; 3-6, Xenia avenue and High stre 3-7, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum ; 3-8, Xenia avenue and Allen street; ! Hickory and Brown streets ; 4-2, Brown and Jones streets ; 4-3, Jefferson ; Chestnut streets; 4-5, Main and Stout streets; 5-1, Third and Clegg strec 5- 2, Fifth and Main streets ; 5-3, Germantown and Cincinnati streets : l Franklin and Ludlow streets ; 5-6, Ludlow and Bayard streets ; 6—1, First Bridge streets ; 6-2, Third and William streets ; 6-3, Third and Barnett strec 6- 4, Miami Hose House, No. 5 ; 7-1, Main and McPherson streets ; 7-2, Riven: and Salem avenues ; 7-3, Dayton View Hydraulic ; 7-4, Main and Rung sin WATER WORKS. An ordinance was passed by the City Council in March, 1869, to submit to people the question whether or not the city should build water-works and issue be to the amount of $200,000 for that purpose. This was voted upon at the am election of municipal officers held on April 5, of that year, and resulted in a iority of 833 votes in favor of the construction of the works by the city, j cordingly, bids were advertised for, estimates made, and on the 29th of Octo| the committee entered into a contract with Anderson & Kemp, of Dayton, for! construction of an engine house at a cost of $8,217. On the 7th of January, 1870, the board of water- works trustees was < lisbed by ordinance, and the salary of the trustees fixed at $200 per am This day also marked the arrival of the first machinery for the works. It sisted of two of Holly’s Patent Elliptical Rotary Pumps, which had a maxii, capacity for pumping 2,000,000 gallons of water in twenty-four hours. Thecj machinery, consisting of a gang pump with a capacity of 1,000,000 gallon twenty-four hours, condensing engine of 200-horse-power and a rotary engh 100-horse-power, was soon afterward received and the whole set up. Two v each twenty -five feet in diameter, were sunk September 24, on a lot coruc DAYTON . CITY OF DAYTON. 741 iIA and Beacon streets, which was bought for the purpose, and on the 16th of l:|Ch, 1870, the works being completed, the machinery was put in motion and : i.'oipes filled for the first time. Ten days later the official test of the works was r e. and resulted most satisfactorily to all concerned. The total cost of construction of the works was $230,083.14, including the >: of engine-house, wells, etc. The board of water-works organized April 13, 1870, by electing Samuel Mar- , President; A. J. Heller, Secretary ; H. G. Marshall, Assistant Secretary and "elector; George McCain, Superintendent; Ezra Thomas, Assistant Superin- ■ ; ient ; E. J. Howard, Engineer ; Henry Farnham, Assistant Engineer. Their : report for the period ending December 31, 1870, shows the gross receipts to ,t been $3,168.66, and the running expenses $10,325.85. In the same period, 120,560 gallons of water were delivered into the pipes and 6,948 bushels of coal s ; tuned in the delivery. From the same report the following account of the ■ /air supply is taken : “With great pleasure we have often noticed that Provi- de has been pleased to give the people that inhabit this portion of the Miami :i ;y, pure water in great abundance.” “It was not to be wondered at that the site at the corner of High and an streets was first selected for the location of the pumping works. It is e for the city that water was not obtained there in seemingly great abun- i iare to have established the belief of being sufficient for supplying the works. i experience confirms the belief that the change of location to the south ti of Mad River was a wise plan. Here it was hoped that an ample supply id be obtained by filteration. But in the fall of 1871, when the consump- kad increased nearly twofold, the prospects were less promising. “ A long trench was made in the vicinity to serve as a kind of storage reser- >i and connected to the well by an arched conduit. Observations showed lathe water pumped at the close of 1872 was fully the maximum capacity of c veil, and no reserve in store for any sudden emergency in the event of fire, e gnizing the vital importance of pure water, the City Council was peti- d for an appropriation May 30, 1873, to enable the board to take the future . honal supply of water from Mad River. “On the 9th of June, 1873, Council authorized the Trustees of the Water 1 is, in connection with the Standing Committee of the City Council, to pet the Water Works well with Mad River, so controlling said connection ites and filters as to exclude all impurities. The general plan adopted by the board embraces an open space dug through ihvee bank to the river, of about twenty feet in width, ninety feet in length, n< m average depth of thirty feet. All the earth had to be removed on carts 'distance perhaps of two to three hundred feet, and replaced in like man- nflil “ Three twenty-inch lines of cast iron pipes were laid through to the river, driver end of the pipes are supported by a revetment of masonry fifteen ajiigh, and fifty feet in length. Bowlders of various sizes, in great quanti- 'i are placed against the wall of masonry to within four feet of its height, e. the water will be strained before its admission. Inside the levee these ! ly pipes are also supported by a revetment of masonry, from which they CjCt some three feet, with valves for controlling the water attached. The 4 chamber is arranged to command delivery of water from the river into a c fit nine feet in height, and eight feet in width, extending parallel with Aevee 107 feet eight inches, and passing the supply well built in 1871, isat eighteen feet, turning southward on the west side, and parallel with Aid supply well sixty-one feet and six inches to its terminus. A wing ; chesfrom the main conduit nine feet three inches east of the well, and BB 742 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. rune parallel with it ninety feet, which completes the surrounding of the w The entire length of the conduit is 259 feet, walled up and arched over \ stone, the floor in the gate-chamber being laid with stone extending into conduit about ten feet. There are four ventilators to the conduit at suit; distances. “ The entire work was completed on the 20th day of September, he eighty-seven days from the commencement to its termination, at a cost of 240.12.” In 1874, a new engine and direct-acting pump, of the improved ft patent, with a capacity of $4,000,000 gallons in twenty- four hours was adc at an additional cost of $32,927.19. The following statement shows the entire receipts and disbursements fi the commencement of the Water Works, in 1870, to December 31, 1881: RECEIPTS. Received from sale of bonds, taxation and temporary loans from 1870 to Deceinh 1881, $570,771.77 ; received from water rent, sale of materials and excavatin'! sei trenches from 1870 to December 31, 1880, $196,263.84; received from water rent? sal materials and excavating service trenches from December 31, 1880, to December 31, i $26,233.98 ; total receipts — 1870 to December 31, 1881, $793,259.59. DISBURSEMENTS. Expended on account of construction to April 13, 1870, by first Committee on Y5 Works appointed by Council, $216,289.60 ; appropriated by aud paid to Council in 187! construction account, $13,793.54; appropriated by aud paid to Council in 1875 to pa terest, $12,000 ; expended by the Trustees for extension and maintenance (including porary loans made in 1870, 1872, 1873 and 1874) from 1870 to December 31, 1880, $475,83 expended by Trustees from December 31, 1880, to December 31, 1881, $26,826.23 ; txpwj by Trustees from December 31, 1880, to December 31, 1881 (from Water Works Imp:!; ment Fund), $4i;975.67 ; total disbursements— 1870 to December 31, 1881, $786,7.19.70 , ance in treasury January 1, 1882, $6,539.89; total, $793,259.59. j Cost of construction and maintenance of water works to date (Dece nl 1881), exclusive of interest on bonds, same being paid by Council from the eral expense fund : Expended by Council, $230,083.14; expended by Trustees (exclusive of tempi loans paid), $539,368.93 ; expended by Trustees from funds advanced by property ov for street extensions, $722.69 ; total expenditures to December 31, 1881, $770, 174. 76 ; cash income of works, $222,487.82 ; amount charged to accounts of parties for water to offset advancement made for street extension, $70.87 ; total, $222,558.69 ; net cost t< cember 31, 1881, $547,616.07. The following table shows the amount of water rents received each years commencement of the water works : YEAR. 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 Totals Regular Water Rent Assessments. Street Sprink- ling with Carts. Building Pur- poses, etc. Tc-t; $2932 60 $224 56 $11 50 $31 9059 70 121 01 480 14 96 12034 15 264 95 318 59 ■ 126 16797 87 612 49 406 03 178 18198 14 1329 42 337 33 128' 18526 24 2042 97 156 29 207 16811 88 2290 02 188 12 192' 17355 29 2056 73 71 06 194 16313 11 2032 75 74 03 184j 16873 64 1670 34 95 21 186! 17106 58 1102 80 67 61 18g 19571 43 1435 14 301 76 2l3l $181580 63 $15183 18 $2507 67 $1992 CITY OF DAYTON. 743 The following shows the number of' service connections of different sizes a* to December 31. 1881 : 1870 462 ■ 1871, 231 ; 1872, 129 : 1873, 44 ; 1874, 111 ; 1875, 44 ; 1876, 32 ; 1877, 42 ; 1878, : 879. 32; 1880, -43; 1881, 72; total, 1,283. The total bonded debt of the city on account of water works is $555,000, of hk $505,000 is payable May, 1885. with seven and eight per cent interest, and >i >00 (bonds issued August, 1880), with six per cent interest due in 1895. he following is the Civil Organization of the Water Works from their commence- - i to December 31, 1881 : COMMITTEE ON CONSTRUCTION OF WATER WORKS. horge Lehman, Chairman; Alexander Gebhart and George Niebert. From Septem- i , 1869, to April 4, 1870. ENGINEERS AND SUPERINTENDENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION. r m. C. Weir, of New York. Consulting Engineer. From May 21, 1869, to April 4, 1870. >hn Wiggim, Superintendent on Construction of Wells. Conduits, etc. P. Leon- r L. Weaver. . u ’orter ®auer f ■•Snowden.... Wiii i Guinandt. . i\3. Wilcox. . . ' a Sacks fderheide d W. Snyder. T y Decker. .. '. Crowell. •- E.juchenhofer A jailer Richmond. . . Bjfikellkouse Rank. Secretary Superintendent Engineer Assistant Engineer. . Assistant Superintendent Pipeman Assistant Secretary . Assistant Engineer. . Assistant Secretary . Assistant Engineer. . Assistant Engineer. Assistant Secretary , Assistant Engineer. . Engineer Assistant Engineer. . Pipeman Pipeman Assistant Pipeman. . Secretary Pipeman Assistant Engineer. . Secretary Assistant Secretary. Assistant Engineer. , Assistant Engineer. JSupt. Street Department (Assistant Engineer. March April March February April April April April April March Date of Expiration of Term. 24, 14, 1, 13, 14, 22 , 13. 26, 1 , 1 , 1879 1872 1875 1871 1871 1875 1873 1873 1874 1875 January 13, 1875 May 1 , 1881 May 1 , 1881 May ry /, 1879 April 16, 1877 June 1 , 1879 May 1 , 1881 May 1 , 1881 May 1 , 1881 May 1 , 1881 August 9, 1881 744 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. During the year ending December 31, 1881, 4,264 feet of 20-inch main, 1 of 12-inch main and 1,612 feet of 10-inch main were laid, and machinery wii pumping capacity of 8,000,000 gallons per day was purchased at a cost of $55.:: 45. There were 499,069,770 gallons of water pumped and distributed, bciirj increase of 111,572,040 gallons over the year previous, and yielding a revenui $21,379.20. There were also 72 new service connections made, showing amai increase in the demand for water. There are now laid in the city 34 miie pipe of different sizes, and 296 fire plugs distributed throughout the city. The officers and employes of the water works, January 1, 1882, are : Tru 'Thomas B. Hannah President (term expires 1882); John W. Butt (term ex] 1883) ; Luther Peters (term expires 1884). Office Department, Charles W. der, Secretary ; A. Wiley Decker, Assistant Secretary. Pumping House De| ment, M. L. Weaver, Chief Engineer ; Edward Euchenhofer, Assistant Engin B. F. Shellhouse, Assistant Engineer ; Charles B. Fair, Fireman ; John if Wc Fireman ; (4. W. Clark, Wiper ; John Buckner, Laborer. Street Depart ir Alexander Richmond, Superintendent Street Department ; Peter Lauer, A( Assistant Superintendent Street Department. BOARD OF HEALTH. This board was established in Dayton on June 3, 1867, under an act of Legislature, passed on the 29th of March, 1867, and entitled “ An Act to ere; board of health in any city, and to prevent the spread of diseases therein. ' Its duties and powers are described to be such as are necessary to secur •city and its inhabitants from the evils of contagious, malignant and iafec diseases. It is composed of the Mayor of the city, who is ex officio President o board, and six members, appointed by Council. They appoint a Clerk and at Health Officer. The board as first created consisted of T. D. Mitchell, M President, W. W. Lane and B. F. Wait, appointed for one year, L. Patterson j J. W. Dietrich, appointed for two years, and C. Parker, and J. W. Butt, appo for three years, Thomas L. Neal, Health Officer, and J. A. Marley, Clerk. The or! of the board keep a record of all deaths, from whatever cause, and of the I in the city , cause all premises to be regularly visited, and those considerei healthy to be reported, and take every means to improve the sanitary coir of the city. A meat inspector is appointed by them, whose duty it is to see that no ta •or unhealthy meat is sold or offered for sale by dealers, and who is requirt make an annual report of his doings to the board. In the first report of the b for the term ending March 1. 1868, 329 deaths and 440 births were reported 63 nuisances reported as abated ; 1869, 556 deaths, 721 births ; 1870, 615 d< 595 births; 1871, 596 deaths, 589 births ; 1872) 636 deaths, 328 births : 816 deaths, 175 births ; 1874, 694 deaths, 815 bh’ths ; 1875, 637 deaths births ; 1876, 653 deaths, 940 births ; 1877, 514 deaths, 977 births ; 1 deaths, 927 births ; 1879, 622 deaths, 899 births ; 1880, 539 deaths, 1015 hi 1881, 622 deaths, 1133 births; 1882, 750 deaths, 1110 births. The present officers of the board are Hon. F. M. Hosier, Mayor and ex-c President, Dr. H. S. Jewett, B. F. Wait, Dr. R. Brundrett, Dr. J. K. Webst Parker, Alfred Pruder. Dr. Thomas L. Neal, Health Officers; Dr. E. B. Clerk ; John W. Craven and John McCutcheon, Sanitary Police. POLICE. Previous to the incorportion of the town of Dayton, in 1805, the pe: 1 the then hamlet was kept by the Constables of the township. After tl corportion of the town, on the 12th of February, 1805, a Marshal was elected, and with him the violators of the law had to deal until about teen years thereafter, when a Deputy Marshal was appointed. This fo CITY OF DAYTON. 715 a 4 conservators continued until December, 1835, when the Marshal was it prized to appoint one or more patrolmen to serve as night watchmen — an mnce for the appointment having been passed two years previous. In d, 1837, two night watchmen were appointed in each ward. In 1841, a h 27, an act was passed by the General Assembly establishing the city of a on, and merging the township into the corporation. At this time, or t r in the latter part of the same year, an ordinance was passed providing rhe election of two City Constables, in addition to the City Marshal. In the force was increased to sis men in addition to the Marshal and Con- a : 3 S. In this state the force continued until 1866, when it was increased ine men, of whom one was to be Captain. February, 1867, provision was - ■ for the appointment of special policemen, not exceeding live to each ward- ay, 1868, the Metropolitan force was organized with the City Marshal as i E, Second Lieutenant, and twenty regulars. This arrangement lasted but : nine months, when it was abandoned, and the old form was adopted and nnued for four or five years, or until 1873, when the Metropolitan was . at established, with a Chief, First and Second Lieutenants, three rounds- j three turnkeys and twenty-six patrolmen — -a total force of thirty-eight a This was reduced to twenty-eight men in 1876, but shortly afterward vised to the present number of thirty-five men in all. The first Chief was irStewart. He was succeeded by William H. Morton, and he by the present ; abent, Amos Clark. The sum of $26,400 is annually appropriated by the y or the maintenance of the police. In connection with the police force eijon might be made of the station houses and workhouse. THE WORK HOUSE. Chis house was established by the city in connection with the County missioners in 1875, the “old jail ’’being appropriated for the purpose, i on the corner of Sixth and Main streets. It is a massive brick building lining two tiers of sells capable of holding sixty or seventy men, and the ‘4 surrounded by the tall stone wall inclosing the grounds. The men are brought here from the station houses and jail, and are corn- 'd to break stone for the streets while serving out their time. If any ii'n are held there, they are put to work washing, ironing, etc. The house iiharge of John Wiggim. CITY PRISON. -he first city prison on record is one in the south end of the old Deluge g'e house. It was originated in December, 1858, by the City Council. In pad the city now has two station houses. One on Sixth street east of the in capable of accommodating about twelve inmates, and the other on e Third street, which is somewhat smaller. It is at these places that the 11 Devs are employed. INSURANCE. firemen’s insurance company. die original charter of this company was granted by the Legislature in >ring of 1835, limited to twenty years. Early in June of that year, the '(■holders met and elected the following gentlemen as directors, viz. : S. T. 1 u. A. Grimes, John Rench. Thomas Barrett, David Stevenson, D. Z. Pierce, Perrine, Valentine Winters, Ziba Crawford, Peter Baer, David Davis ' l( V P- Brown. These directors met June 5, 1835, and organized by chos- ■ U Baer, President pro tem., and D. Z. Pierce. Secretary pro tem. On the 6 if the month another meeting was held, when David Stone was regu- 746 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. larly elected President and Henry A. Pierson, Secretary. The company’s £ vertisement tirst appears in the Dayton Journal, under date of July 7, 18 with the last-mentioned officers. The certificate of incorporation of the pi ent company dates from 1856. The capital stock paid up is $250,000. ] officers for 1882 are: S. Craighead, President; J. S. Miles, Secretary; Worman, Assistant Secretary; V. Winters, Treasurer. The following will show the present condition of the company: Aggregate amounts of available assets $434,009 00 Total liabilities except capital and net surplus 100,357 00 Paid capital 250,000 00 Net surplus 52,339 00 Income during past year 179,531 00 Expenditures during past year 151,270 00 Net amount of risks in force January 1, 1882 16,886,233 00 Losses since 1856 to January 1, 1882 614,591 33 Premiums received in same period 1,595,689 89 The building owned and occupied by the company, located at the sot: west corner of Wayne and Second streets, is a beautiful structure, the on walls of which are of the famous Zanesville pressed brick, the tiling u having also been obtained at that place. The architects were Messrs. Pe: and limns, of Dayton. The building is 125 feet in depth, fronting on M street, by forty-nine and one-half in width; is four stories, a basement a mansard-roof in height, and is one of the most elegant structures in city. A beautiful tower rises over the front. The interior is tastefully ished and decorated, and numerous line offices have been titled up, that of company occupying the first lioor, with the main entrance at the north) corner. The foundation was laid late in the fall of 1880, and in Noveml 1881, the company took possession of its new quarters. The value of building and the ground on which it stands is placed at $80,000. THE MONTGOMERY COUNTY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. This company was organized January 17, 1840, with the following eers . William J. McKinney, President, and E. J. Forsyth, Secretary, company commenced doing business in the Secretary’s office, located at southwest corner of Main and Fifth streets. The aggregate amount of av able assets of the company is $300,000. The present officers are Da: Keifer, President, and Charles D. Iddings, Secretary. The office is nov No. 32 North Main street. THE DAYTON FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. This company was organized February 2, 1851. It is one of the ol< joint-stock companies in the State, and operates under a special charter grai March 5, 1851. The incorporators of the company were Daniel Beckel, seph Clegg, William Dickey, It. Green, W. S. Westerman, R. Chambers John Harries. The first officers were: Daniel Beckel, President, and J. L. Do- Secretary. In 1854, James It. Young was made Secretary pro tern., and 1855, was elected permanent Secretary, which position he filled until P when he resigned. In 1S70, the company bought out the Fnion Insure Company, re-insured their risks, and succeeded to the business of that c pany. The capital stock of the Dayton Company is $100,000. The prei officers are: Hon. D. A. Haynes, President, and J. Harrison Hall, Secret The office of the company was first located on Third street, between Main Jefferson; it was afterward moved to the Beckel House Block for a short o and then to its present rooms, corner of Third and Jefferson streets. CITY OF DAYTON. 747 THE MIAMI VALLEY INSURANCE COMPANY. This company was organized in April, 1863, and commenced doing busi- i n the month following. The first officers were: Jonathan Harshman, r< dent; W. R. S. Ayres, Secretary; D. C. Rench, Treasurer. The office (Opened at No. 27 North Main street, after which it was changed to No. 2 5 oh Main Street. The paid-up capital stock of the company is $100,000. h oresent officers are: A. Gebliart, President, and W. R. S. Ayers, Secre- r The following figures will show the condition of the company at the < annual report for the year ending December 31, 1880: Aggregate amount of available assets $180,883 13 Total liabilities except capital and net surplus 26,271 00 Paid up capital 100,000 00 Net surplus 54,612 18 Total amount of premiums received since the organization of the company 544,780 34 Total losses paid, same time 157,483 43 Cash dividends paid, same time 113,500 00 r The TEUTONIA FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY. This company was organized and incorporated in February, 1865, and menced doing business on the 1st of March following, with a capital 100,000, of which $20,000 was paid in cash, and $80,000 in stock notes, nfirst officers were: John Hanitch, President; J. V. Nauerth. Vice Presi- r Henry Miller, Treasurer, and John Stoppleman, Secretary. The cash pal of the company is now $100,000, and the cash assets over $305,000. it tnuary, 1872, the company bought out and assumed the risks of the German is ’ance Company of Dayton, which had then been in existence since the year it In the same year the company paid up, in cash, its full capital. The ent officers of the company are: Jacob Decker, President; J. B. Finke, President; J. Linxweiler, Jr., Secretary; C. Schenk, Treasurer. The total amount of premiums received by the company from its organization to December 31, 1880, was $630,559 78 Total losses paid, same time 139,091 78 Cash Dividends paid, same time 141,250 00 Dividends paid in stock, same time 20.000 00 THE OHIO FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. This company was organized in February, 1865, with an authorized cap- I $150,000. of which sum the Directors allowed only $100,000 to be sub- red for. Afterward, at the urgent request of other friends of the organi- t u, the subscribed capital was increased to 107,500 (leaving the sum of • '00 of the authorized capital unsold), upon which the stockholders paid .eum of $4 per share, making the paid-up, or cash capital, $21,500. With i sum, after deducting the expense of office furniture, safe and supplies, r ompany commenced issuing policies March 27, 1865, with the following Irs: William Dickey, President; Jonathan Ivecney, Yice President; W. ■ lillespie, Secretary. Directors — William Dickey, G. A. Grove, P. T. ''ey, H. M. Turner, Joseph M. Turner, John Wiggim, Jonathan Kenney, ham Cahill and C. L. Yallandigham. William Dickey served as President from the organization until January, 'Y, when failing health compelled him to resign. The capital was increased '00,000 in May, 1880. The present officers are: President, J, A. Wal- t Tice President, H. O. Graves; Secretary, W. H. Gillespie; Assistant |J| hary, Harry Gillespie; Directors, J. A. Walters, Jonathan Kenney, George h'ove, H. C. Graves, G. B. Harmon, S. M. Sullivan, Dr. J. C. Reeve. 1 r i the organization of the company to December 31, 1880, they received 748 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY" COUNTY. $724,478 in premiums, and paid losses amounting to $248,528.25. Cash d idends, amounting to $105,250, were paid in the same time, and $86,000 stock premiums. THE COOPER INSURANCE COMPANY. This company was incorporated and commenced doing business in Ft ruary, 1867, with a capital stock (which is now paid up) of $100,000. 1 first officers were: D. E. Mead, President, and D. W. Iddings, Secreta The office was first located at No. 32 North Main street; then, in the fall 1871, at No. 8 North Main, and now in the Firemen’s building, corner Mi and Second streets. The present officers are: D. E. Mead, President. ; O. J. Gunckel, Secretary. The following is a statement of the company the period ending December 31, 1880: Available assets $232,031 73 Liabilities .* 72,233 20 Net surplus 59,798 47 Premiums received since organization 008,281 86 Losses paid, same time 275,031 57 Cash dividends declared, same time • 114,200 00 The business of the company is almost entirely confined to the State Ohio. THE SOUTHERN OHIO MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION. This association, as its name implies, is a Mutual Benefit Associati paying policies of deceased members by making assessments on the living, was organized under the laws of the State on the 22d of December, 1£ with the following officers: S. B. Smith, President; W. Huffman. Vice Pn dent; William Sanders, Treasurer; C. L. Geiger, Secretary; Nicholas M< General Agent, and G. H. Geiger, Medical Director. The present offie are the same except B. E. Hauser, Vice President, and John Kennedy, Tr< urer. THE COLUMBIA INSURANCE COMPANY. This company was organized January 1, 1882, with a cash capital $150,000, and cash surplus of $50,000, and no liabilities. It confines its bi ness entirely to Ohio. The officers since its organization are, E. M. Thresl President; O. J. Gunckel, Secretary; C. L. Seeley and W. H. Fuller, Spe< Agents, andE. M. Thresher, George W. Kneisly, James Linden, R. C. Setter Jr., Eugene J. Barney, Albert Thresher, Samuel W. Davies, D. L. Bike. .Oka: F. Gunckel, Directors. The company occupy rooms on the northeast cor of Main and Second. STREET RAILWAYS. The Dayton system of street railways comprises four routes each, c trolled and operated by a distinct joint-stock company. The first is called the Third Street Route, running the whole length Third street, a distance of three and three-fourths miles. It was built 1869-70, and has since been in successful operation. The following-nan gentlemen are the officers of the company, they having held their several sitions since the organization of the company: W. P. Huffman, Preside H. H. Williams, Vice President; J. W. Stoddard, Secretary; George W. P ers, Treasurer, and J. A. Kreidler, Superintendent. The second, or Dayton View Route, was built in 1874, by a stock ci pany, but, proving a failure, it was sold in 1876, to the present compa which consists of Messrs. Clegg, Perrine, Stout and Wood. It is three . one-half miles long and cost $45,000 per mile. It runs from Dayton Viev Main street; thence to Fifth; thence to Brown; thence to Warren, and Warren to Oakwood. The only officers of the company are C. B. Clegg, Ik CITY OF DAYTON. 749 1 [i.t, and A. C. Sayer, Superintendent. They employ eleven men, thirty 0 | 6 s, and thirteen cars. The Water Works and Asylum Route runs from the Water Works to Jef- n>n street; thence to Fifth; thence to Wayne, and on Wayne to the Lu- a : Asylum. It was built in the latter part of 1871, by a company whose ipal stock was $100,000. The first officers were, Samuel D. Edgar, Presi- de?; Thomas Shaffer, Secretary; George W. Short, Treasurer. The present Sirs are, George W. Short, President; M. Ohmer, Vice President; Eugene ,'nhet, Secretary and Treasurer. The cost of construction was $44,000 per The company employs thirteen men and have twenty-eight horses and viive cars. The Fifth Street Route extends along the full length of Fifth street, and iree and one-quarter miles long. It was completed October 24, 1881, i the first cars were run. It is owned by a stock company, incorporated list 16, 1881, with $200,000 capital stock. The first officers were: A. A. i aas, President; D. B. Corwin, Secretary and Treasurer. They employ < ty men, and have fifty-five horses and fifteen cars. The present officers i eh A, Thomas, President; D. B. Corwin, Secretary; R. I. Cummin, Treas- ie M. H. Rawson, Superintendent. DAYTON GAS LIGHT AND COKE COMPANY. This company was incorporated by an act passed February 4, 1848, the porators being : J. D. Phillips, Valentine Winters, Robert W. Steele, idol W. Wheelock, Daniel Beckel, Israel F. Howells, Jacob W. Griswold, 1 Mills, David Winters, J. D. Loomis, David Stout and Peter Voorhees. iipapital stock was not to exceed $50,000, but the work was begun on a her capital and under many discouragements and difficulties, the works were ■4d and about one mile of gas main laid before December 15, 1848. Every :o. was made to have the gas ready for use by January 1, 1849, but the - vJg away of the large cistern of the works prevented the company from ac- dishing their object. After repeated discouragements, the apparatus was ' lit brought into complete working order, and February 5, 1849, gas was • for consumption. During the first few months, applications were made ore than 600 burners, and the company intended putting down, in the 1 4 two miles of mains. Mr. F. C. Macy was mainly instrumental in agitat- < ,i6 gas subject, with which he was thoroughly acquainted, and his readiness nraunicating any information called for greatly facilitated the accom- • 9 hen t of the enterprise. The gas manufactured by this company was called ipchett’s Patent Solar Gas,” and on the 5th of February, 1849, “the town was astir, that the first sight of this brilliant and beautiful light A not be missed. The city hall was handsomely lighted by thirteen burn - ’ splendid chandelier with eight burners was suspended near the entrance 1 tall, for exhibition, by Mr. Lockwood. It is gratifying to know that • |s company has surmounted all the obstacles which have so impeded the ‘pssof their enterprise, and it is now about to enter the full tide of sire- s' The above is quoted from the daily papers of February 6, 1849, and castrates the excitement which the new light created. The works were 1 y Mr. John Lockwood, of Cincinnati, the assignee of Crutchett, and the Much was made from grease did not prove such a gratifying success as ■was ^pated. The company lost money in the experiment, and the works -were 1 " destroyed by fire. In 1851, new gasworks were erected after plans fur- ( M by John Jeffrey, of Cincinnati, a distinguished gas engineer, and the ; 1 Divas done under the direction of J. P. Hadley. The principal building ‘ ri d 49| feet on Water street, the center was occupied as an office for the 750 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. business of the company, the wings for purifying and the retort house in i rear of the main building. There was a coal-house 100x30, a tank for < holders thirty feet in diameter and twelve feet deep, a gas holder thirty fee' diameter and thirteen feet deep, with a capacity of 13,000 cubic feet of . and a tar tank capable of holding 1,000 barrels. The works cost $11,000, ; their capacity was 36,000 cubic feet of gas per day, but so constructed as admit of enlargement so as to generate 100,000 cubic feet per day. This . was manufactured from coal, and the completion of the works was coianu orated by a supper at the Swaynie House, on Tuesday evening, September 1851. The first Board of Directors of the Dayton Gas Light and Coke Cc pany were Daniel Beckel, David Stout, I. F. Howells, C. G. Swain and J< Lockwood. On the 7th of August, 1848, I. F. Howells was elected Presid of the company, and M. B. Walker, Secretary, but they soon resigned, and August 28, Daniel Beckel became President and I. F. Howells Secretary, latter of whom served until August 10, 1849, when G. W. Rogers was elec Secretary. On the 23d of May, 1849, C. G. Swain became President, sul quently resigned and Daniel Beckel was elected August 7, and on the 2 of the same month was succeeded by S. B. Brown, who remained Presid until the election of William Dickey, May 26, 1853. J. M. Kerr became f retary, November 12, 1849; was succeeded by H. Strickler, March 14, 18 and lie by John Garner in September of the same year. The latter gentler served until the electiou of Samuel T. Evans, August 17. 1855; R. R. Die was elected President August 17, 1855, and served in that capacityunt.il Aug 2, 1858, when William Dickey was again chosen to fill that position, and mained continuously as President of the company until May 10, 1877. at ot time he resigned. He was succeeded by his son, Samuel A. Dickey, who sei up to the date of his death, which occurred August 9, 1880. On the 13th | August, R. R. Dickey was elected President, and is at present filling that p tion. In November, 1877, George M. Smart became Secretary, and is now cupying that office. The present officers are : R. R. pickev, President; H. Graves, Vice President ; George M. Smart, Secretary ; Joseph Light, Supe:; tendent, the latter of whom began his duties in 1855, and has ever since t connected with the works. The present Board of Directors are: R. R. Die. Joseph Clegg, H. C. Graves, W. P. Callahan, Simon Gebhart, Charles A. 1 lips and John Harries. The old gas building erected in 1851 is now used a condenser and washers. The present buildings were erected in 1868, are located on Water street, between St. Clair and Mill streets. They coi of two two-story brick structures, one of which is used as a meter house Superintendent’s office, and the other for a purifying house and engine ri In. 1880, the last gas holder was built with a house covering it. Its caps is 100,000 cubic feet of gas, while the old one holds 110,000 cubic feet, capital stock is now $450,000, the capacity of the works, 350,000 feet of per day, and they have a coal house capable of holding 4,000 tons of coal, company have now about thirty-eight miles of mains and 1,000 city gas pi the city appropriating $19,000 per year for gas. The Dayton National I is the Treasurer of the company, and their office is 120 East Third str which is neatly fitted up and occupies two rooms. The company is iu a h ishing condition, and under the administration of the last three Presidents prospered beyond the most sanguine expectations of its warmest friends. TELEGRAPHS. The first telegraph message received at this place was one from the structor, O’Rielly, congratulating the people on having the telegraph to j town. It was sent September 17, 1847. CITY OF DAYTON. 751 In 1850, there was another line built, and shortly thereafter another. In v,, there were the Wade line, the National or Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & Lou- vle line, the Ohio, Mississippi & Illinois, or O’Rielly line, and the House rting line, all doing business in one room on the coi'ner of Third and Main r ts. In 1857, the Wade and House Printing Companies consolidated, forming ^Western Union, and in the year following the two remaining companies e merged into it. The first manager was W. •I. Delano, who was also Su- u itendent of the district. He served as manager one year, when he was suc- 3 , H by J. H. Kiersted. E. J. Lane became the manager in 1867, and aid until 1881, when he was succeded by John Yoorhes, the present incumbent. The Atlantic & Pacific Telegraph Company opened an office here in 1870, . room, No. 10, North Jefferson street. It was successively managed by Dunning, W. G. Whitehurst, John Yoorhes, Lowe and W. H. Kiefer. It , was purchased by the Western Union, and merged into that company. The American Union opened their office here in February, 1880, at No. ' ruth Jefferson street, under the management of John Yoorhes. In 1881, a company consolidated with the Western Union, the office remaining under Alger Yoorhes’ supervision, at No. 16 South Jefferson street, to which place e Vestern Union was moved. In 1882, the Mutual Union Telegraph Company completed their lines to 1 a on, and on the 9th of March of that year, they opened an office in the old ejern Union stand, funder W. H. Kiefer. There are now but two offices in ftity. 752 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CHAPTER XII. St. Elizabeth Hospital — Woodland Cemetery — Calvary Cemetery— scriptive Review of the City of Dayton. ST. ELIZABETH HOSPITAL. LPOR a number of years prior to the founding of this charitable institut -L' the Rev. Father J. F. Hahne, pastor of Emanuel’s Church, had beea sirous of seeing a hospital of the Sisters in Dayton, and had repeatedly invi the attention of the Mother Superior of the Sisters of the Poor of St. Fra! to the lack of hospital accommodations in the city, and solicited her aid kindly offices toward the establishment of such an institution here under care of her order. In 1878, his prayer was answered, and soon thereafter there appearei our midst two strange faces, whose appearance on our streets, clothed in at of brown, with an embroidered red cross in front, and black veil and ck attracted the attention of our people. These were the forerunners, and th the mission of founding St. Elizabeth’s Hospital. Prior to this time no tematic accommodations for the receiving and caring of the indigent sick, unfortunate victims of accidents, existed in this city, other than the “ p house,” a habitation which, in name and associations, and its restricted acc modations, were alike objectionable and insufficient to properly and satisfa rily care for the varied class and character of applicants for hospital treatm This condition of things had, at different times for many years past, suggei various propositions on the part of public-spirited citizens, and the introc tion of resolutions into the City Council for the creation of an establish) equal to the wants and dignity of the city. No decisive steps, however, were ever taken by the City Council, 01 than a mere discussion and a reference to future action. As the undertal seemed, moreover, too large and expensive for individual enterprise, the ject had never as yet taken any definite shape. The task, then, of filling so great a void and establishing such an u tution in our midst, has devolved upon a small number of women, belong to the Order of the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis, whose mission is alleviation and care of the sick and helpless, and whose motto is that of untary and absolute poverty. The Sisters referred to were Emilie and Columba, who, on the 2d of ■ of that year, rented a moderately-sized two-story brick building on Fn lin street, near Ludlow, and commenced to prepare the premises for bos] purposes. July 25, a railroader, with a crushed arm, the result of an accid was brought to their doors for treatment. He was received, although, in language of our informant, “ they were compelled to go to housekeeping fore they were quite ready.” Then commenced an active solicitation on their part for assistance and couragement. Sufficient aid to furnish the house and devote it to its purp was soon obtained. A staff of physicians, who devote their time and services gratuitoi CITY OF DAYTON. 758 >; selected. Applicants of admission came pouring in, and the hospital barne a fixed fact. At once an additional two-story frame house was erected on the premises, .hi two houses accommodating forty-one patients. Sister Emilie was the Su- itor in charge for about one and a half years, and was succeeded by Sis- :.e: Columba, who is still the Sister Superior, assisted by fourteen resident r. ers. The necessities of the institution demand more room, and, in fact, a more nnsive base for a full display of its great usefulness. The Sisters have epted six acres of land, known as the Patterson Brown property, in Brown- mi, and began the erection of a building that will presumably accommodate ! 'equirements for many years to come. The corner-stone of the building was laid September 17, 1881, by the israble Father, John F. Hahne, it having been his last official act. The tiding is constructed of brick, with stone trimmings. The main building 3 )x46 feet, five stories and an attic. Wings on either side of main build- n 40x35 feet. Two rear wings 25x26 feet, four stories and an attic. In rear of hospital is a building, 43x45, for kitchen, laundry and boiler- x,se purposes. The interior arrangements and the various floors will be used as follows: First story will be devoted to work room, linen room, apothecary, waiting ■ i, physician’s room, parlor, five bed-rooms, offices. Second floor will have one large ward and one small ward, both for men. Vr private rooms for men, accident ward, operating room and two surgeons’ rids. Third floor, consists of two wards for men and two wards for women, and file private rooms for women. F oui’th floor, two wards for women, two wards for men, also, three private as for men. Fifth floor will be devoted to bed-rooms for the Sisters. There will be an i'ator from the basement to the attic. Entering the main entrance, the visitor pases through a hall nine by nine- J1 feet into the main staircase hall, which is 22x23 feet, and which continues o le top of the building. Branching off from each side of this hall is a cor- hr eight feet wide, running through to each end of the building, with stair- w;s at each end. Each floor will have two pantries, with dumb waiter in each from base- j't, through which all meals will be served. There will be two bath-rooms in each story, also water-closets and wash t; ds. The building will be heated by steam, and ventilated in the best manner, ’Ci by natural and artificial means. There will be covered piazzas on each fi J of the two rear wings for the accommodation of convalescent patients. Store and other rooms will be located in the basement. The building will cost $65,000. The hospital is under the management of the Sisters. The foil owing- named physicians have constituted the medical staff of the aitution since its establishment: President of Staff. J. C. Reeve, M. D..; Consulting Physicians and Sur- Ajis, E. Pilate, M. D., T. L. Neal, M. D., John Davis, M. D. ; Visiting Phy- !; s and Surgeons, W. J. Conklin, M. D. , J. D. Daugherty, M. D., H. S. Jew- 754 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. The number of Patients received and treated during the year endin<> i ust 31, 1881, is given as follows: In Hospital September 1, 1880 September October November December January February March April May June July August Grand Total Male. Female. 14 10 28 6 14 2 12 i 13 4 11 14 10 2 19 3 17 9 23 5 24 4 33 9 232 64 Civil condition — Married and widowed, 100; Unmarried, 172. Total, ' Religion — Catholic, 146; Protestants, 126. Total, 272. Nationalities — United States, 133; Germany, 78; Ireland, 42; Engl; 6; Switzerland, 4; Prance, 3; Wales, 2; Denmark, 1; Holland, 1; Canada Bavaria, 1. Total, 272. Ages — Under twenty years, 32; between twenty and thirty years, 74; tween thirty and forty years, 57; between forty and fifty years, 40; betwcci ty and sixty years, 30; between sixty and seventy years, 22; between sovo and eighty years, 9; between eighty and ninety years, 4; unknown, 4. T( 272. Recovered Improved Unimproved Died Remaining in Hospital August 31, 1881 .Since the opening of the hospital, 824 patients have been admitted treatment. WOODLAND CEMETEBY. This hallowed spot is conveniently and beautifully located on an elevi tract of ground a little southeast of the city. Though within the corpo limits, it is so situated as likely never to be disturbed by the onward grc and progress of the city. It comprises nearly one hundred acres of groi whose surface is composed almost entirely of hills and valleys, which covered with numerous forest trees, with here and there numbers of the ch est evergreens and deciduous trees. The ground rises continually. the gradually; yet in some places the ascent is steep, from the entrance to summit of the main hill, about two-thirds of the distance of the cemetery t north to south. There are a number of neat and spacious avenues traven the entire grounds, rendering, by their numerous intersections, each lot of access. These avenues are sixteen in number, and are appropriately prettily named, a number receiving their appellations from the kind ot ' skirting their borders, and are as follows: Red Oak. Walnut, Van Cleve,Ri| Maple, North, West, Cherry, Sycamore, Ash, Locust, Cottonwood, South; Ss CITY OF DAYTON. 755 fr; Monument and Valley, tlie latter being the principal one, and passes a ugh the great valley from the northeast to southwest. The grounds are -allied with running water, water-works having been built in 1877, at a cost f 1,300. On the summit of the hill, in the northern part of the cemetery, e reservoir, holding about four hundred barrels, into which the water is l id a distance of 184 feet, by means of a steam force pump of twelve- horse- on-. The supply is furnished from a well below. Twenty- two self-closing v unts are distributed throughout the grounds, and a beautiful little lake, a low pipe fcuntaiu in its center, is gently nestled in a low and valley - kspot by the surrounding hills. The numerous hills, forming on either ci of the many avenues, terraces of great natural beauty, affording excellent Mi for bank tombs or vaults, of which the cemetery has many. The “public atb” is of this kind, and is situated in the southwestern part of the cemetery, ■i the entrance. Many artistically designed and costly monuments dot it grounds. On the brow of a hill near the lake is situated “ De Graff inel.” It is a very imposing structure of one apartment, probably 2: 2 feet, built entirely of stone and marble, with copper door, and con- the remains of two of that family, deposited in massive marble, of Gothic architecture, and its peculiarity calls forth this mentioning, dun the grounds is what was formerly the Superintendent’s residence, situ- - e at the entrance, not far from which has just been erected a fine brick Oing, more commodious for the purpose, at a cost of over $4,000. The mthe steps toward the establishment of a rural cemetery where every pos- -h safeguard should be thrown around the resting-place of the dead, were ki in 1840 by Mi’. John W. Van Cleve, to whom more than to any other on are the people of Dayton indebted for their beautiful cemetery, and for prosperity which has attended the enterprise from the beginning. At his j ;k, in 1858, the Trustees expressed their sense of obligation to him in a I pie memorial which is recorded in the minutes and appears in this sketch. t Srst graveyard of Dayton, located at the northeast corner of Main and I I streets, was, after a few years’ occupation, abandoned, and the shocking peacle was often witnessed of human remains exposed to view, in excavating k:s for the business houses which now cover the whole ground. In 1805, ■ el C. Cooper donated a tract of land for the use of the Presbyterian and ■ odist Churches, and the town of Dayton, for burial purposes. It was situat- West Fifth street, and was thought to be so remote from the town that it 1 never be encroached upon. In less than thirty years, it was found to jisuitable for the purpose, and in the course of time interments were for- ®| n j in it by city ordinance. It was with this view that the question of a rural :e Js§W ar °se. Articles of association were drawn up by Mr. Van Cleve in ■ ary, 1841, and fifty signatures were obtained, the subscribers forming selves into an association under the name and style of “The Woodland Cem- ■i Association,’’ and purchased of Augustus George, for the establishment of i il cemetery in the vicinity of the town, forty acres of ground, to be taken Square, at the price of $60 per acre. A meeting of the subscribers was V at the office of the Firemen’s Insurance Company, on Thursday evening, Dary 18, 1841. James Steele was appointed Chairman, and David C. .h Secretary, at which meeting was organized the Woodland Cemetery As- iion by the election of the following officers: Trustees, Job Haines, James rie > Edward W. Davies, J. D. Phillips and John W. Van Cleve; Secretary, 1 -t C. Schenck; Treasurer, David Z. Peirce. At a subsequent meeting of be Trustees, John W. Van Cleve was elected President of the Association. Jl m order of time, began the third rural cemetery of any magnitude estab- m the United States, preceding Spring Grove, at Cincinnati, three lish 756 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. years. On the 29th of April, 1841, a deed was received from Augustus G( for the forty acres of ground above referred to. This tract of land was co 1 with a dense growth of forest trees, many of them of the largest size ground was at once inclosed, and suitable carriage ways laid out, and tke\ subdivided into burial lots, seventeen by twenty-two feet each. This m< of division has not been followed by the Trustees in platting new grt The act to incorporate the cemetery was passed February 28, 1842, and adi by the association April 16 of the same year. On the 7th day of June, the cemetery was opened, and the lots offered at public sale, and on fir of the same month the grounds were dedicated with the following order o ercises: Prayer by Rev. James C. Barnes; hymn — Old Hundred; addre Rev. John W. Hall; hymn — Pleyel’s German hymn; dedication and pray t Rev. Ethan Allen; hymn — Dundee; benediction. The first interment made July 11. 1843, when were interred the remains of Allen Cullum, near the center of the cemetery. It has been the aim of the Trustees t crease the size of the grounds by the purchase of adjacent land when opj nity offered. Contiguity to the city, while an advantage in some respect; rendered large additions of ground impossible; however, the cemetery comprises more than twice the amount of the original purchase, and it is mated that over thirty acres of available ground remain unsold. The [ lence of fine forest trees very appropriately gave the name of Woodland t cemetery. The sylva of the grounds, in 1843, as recorded by Mr. Van ( exhibited forty-one different kinds of trees. Before the opening of the gro such trees as were thought unsuitable were removed, and, up to 1870, no further had been done, and owing to the growth and decay of trees, ii thought best to remove a large number, which work was superintended b; James Kidd, who proved himself thoroughly competent. The same yes Trustees planted in suitable places large numbers of the choicest evergreer deciduous trees, heretofore spoken of. The following officers were elected for the years indicated. Pres John W. Van Cleve, elected February 18, 1841, deceased September 6, Secretary, Robert C. Schenck, elected February 18, 1841; term expired ruary 18, 1853. Robert W. Steele, elected Secretary, February 18, 1853; e President September 14, 1858. Edwin Smith, elected September 14. term expired September 11, 1865. Ziba Crawford, elected September 11. Treasurer — D. Z. Peirce, elected February 18, 1841; deceased August 15, V. Winters, elected March 4, 1861. Superintendent of Grounds — G Lane, appointed ; deceased September 5, 1860. William W. Ban pointed September 5, 1860; resigned June 14, 1869. J. 0. Cline, appt June 14, 1869. Trustees, 1841 to 1882 — John W. Van Cleve, elected I ary 18, 1841; deceased September 6, 1858. Job Haines, elected Februa 1841; deceased July 16, 1860. James Perrine, elected February 18, deceased January 22, 1864. J. D. Phillips, elected February IS, 184. ceased February 13, 1871. Edward W. Davies, elected February 18, | deceased December 11, 1873. Robert W. Steele, elected September 14, Thomas Brown, elected March 4, 1861; term expired September If, 18b G. Lowe, elected April 16, 1864. Andrew Gump, elected September 11, term expired February 18, 1875. John H. Winters, elected March io, Thomas Brown, re-elected January 12, 1874. S. W. Davies elected I 1 els 18, 1875. Present officers and Trustees as follows: Robert W. Steele, dent; Ziba Crawford, Secretary; Valentine Winters, Treasurer; John G. Superintendent; Robert W. Steele, John G. Lowe, John H. Winters, T Brown and Samuel W. Davies, Trustees. The ground now comprising the cemetery cost about $30,000, ar CITY OF DAYTON. 757 eji purchased in quantities (excepting the first forty acres), from a fraction Mot to ten acres, from the following- named persons: Johnson V. Perrine aes Stover, Mary George, Nathaniel Hast, Prosser & Snider, P. Hamilton, Bradford, S. Boltin, Master Commissioner, W. Eichelberger, M. M. Dodds, ~H. Gill, Dr. J. Coblentz, estate J. Y. Perrine, M. Bodem’s heirs, Daniel -; e rer, Sarah D. Beckel and S. N. Brown, and in about ten different years, be were removed from the old graveyards about fifteen hundred remains, aup to May 1, 1882, there have been interred (including all removals from olr cemeteries), 11,092 bodies. The statement below, gives the number of lUmeuts from 1843 to February 1, 1882: 1843. 10; 1844, 58; 1845, 101; h, 88; 1847, 93; 1848, 119; 1849, 188; 1850, 187; 1851, 141; 1852, 180; 219; 1854, 412; 1855, 328; 1856, 292; 1857, 193; 1858, 257; 1859, ;i I860, 317; 1861, 318; 1862, 318; 1863, 300; 1864, 381; 1865, 300; if, 325; 1867, 264; 1868, 324; 1869, 404; 1870, 396; 1871. 339; 1872. S( 1873, 383; 1874, 353; 1875, 391; 1876,379; 1877, 405; 1878, 356; 1879. II 1880, 421; 1881 (to February 1, 1882), 465. CALVARY CEMETERY. On the 9th of July, 1872, Calvary Cemetery Association was organized, acjfche following first Board of Trustees elected; Revs. J. F. Hahne, William arey, F. J. Goetz and H. Stuckenborg, for the term of three years; Will- nlEelfrich, N. Ohmer, John Stephans and Henry Hilgefort, for two years. icRobert Chambers, Severin Wiegert, Theodore Barlow and Henry Schlaman. me year; Jacob Stephans, elected Clerk. Soon thereafter were purchased ay acres of ground two' and a half miles south of the city, and the name ilvary Cemeteiy given it. It is beautifully situated on the bluffs of the ret Miami. It has been regularly laid out into lots, and is dotted with .nbery. The cost of the ground was $25,000. The following table iO, the number of interments thus far made in the cemetery: July 1, 1875, ly 1, 1876,91; July 1, 1876, to July 1, 1877. 151; July 1, 1877, to July 1, 175; July 1, 1878, to July 1, 1879, 181; July 1, 1879, to July 1, 1880, 1 July 1, 1880, to July 1, i881, 265; July 1, 1881, to May 23, 1882, 270; e 1,347. Of this number, 315 were removed from St. Henry’s Cemetery, e lsewhere. The cemetery is exclusively a Catholic burying-ground. Present officers are as follows: N. Ohmer, Vice President; John H. Finke, ctary; A. Froendhoff. Treasurer; William Irvin, Superintendent. Executive Committee — N. Ohmer, M. Walter, Henry Hilgefort, S. Wiegert. Trustees or Directors — Emanuel's Church, Michael Walter and A. Froend- £ St. Joseph’s Church, Rev. J. J. O' Donohue, Nicholas Ohmer, James ( nett. St. Mary’s Church, Rev. H. Stuckenborg, Severin Wiegert, Franz ■ Holy Trinity Church, Rev. T. J. Goetz, Henry Hilgefort, Sebastian r ihle. ST. henry’s cemetery. -he first burying-ground of the Catholics bore this name. In September, t one-half of what was known as Outlot No. 27, was pm-chased by 'ishop Purcell of Thomas Morrison, for $305. March 2, 1853, the h half of the same lot was purchased by the same gentleman of E. W. L As, for $800. These two pieces of ground with, perhaps, later additions, isjtute St. Henry’s Cemetery. Interments were made therein soon after ■ 'eparation of the ground for a graveyard. It is like the other burying- "ds located south of the city, yet is within the corporate limits. The -■'Ads are inclosed by a high board fence, and contain many beautiful shade 11 v ind evergreens, with shrubbery. Few interments are now made in it. cc 758 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. as pretty much all of the space has been taken up, and it is considered abandoned. HEBREW CEMETERY. Situated south of Dayton, and nearly opposite Woodland Cemetery, the burying-ground of the Hebrew Congregation. We failed to find the d at the court house, or from other sources to learn of whom and when ground was purchased; however, it is evident that, from interments made th> the ground must have been purchased and used for burial purposes soon a the organization of the congregation in the city. There are several acres ground in the yard, which is partially surrounded by a high stone fenct wall. Many tasty and beautiful stones dot the grounds, which are kept in feet order. DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW OF THE CITY OF DAYTON. This city, from its favorable location; its advantageous surroundings; commercial facilities, natural and acquired; its business opportunities; manufactures; its solidity; its advantages as a shipping and distributing pc its wealth; the intelligence, culture, taste, refinement and moral advancer of its people; its public and private enterprise ; its excellent sanitary condit its metropolitan advantages — in short, the thousand and one things that to make a city a desirable place for residence or for business, are beginnin attract the attention of people from abroad, who have learned of the p] As a result, a tide of capital and business industry and enterprise is gradn settling in this direction, and which will assist very materially in buxldinls of Dayton are of a character to cause her citizens to speak of them with k There are also numerous private schools, academies and seminaries of e ighest order. As a result of all this, the people are of high moral and •cl standard. The arts and sciences are cultivated and fostered, and evi- 1 3S are to be seen upon every hand of culture and refinement, not only of p rate character, coupled with wealth, but of a public character as well. ibraries and art galleries, her fountains and gardens, all attest the culti- t a of the people of this beautiful city. The city embraces about ten square 1 of territory, containing nearly two hundred miles of streets regularly 'out and finished. The gravel obtained here in abundance is the best ma- : in the world for street- making, as will be seen by a drive through any of 3 loroughfares. Most of the principal streets and avenues are very broad, h. level and lined on either side by flagged sidewalks and rows of thrifty on and ornamental trees, making them inviting for driving or the prome- fl and they are daily, in fair weather, thronged with elegant turnouts, oasts innumerable, handsome residences, many of them of the truly pala- ! t’der, situated both in the city proper and in the suburbs, to say nothing ■ ! many elegant villas crowning the hills surrounding and overlooking the } The lawns environing the more elegant mansions make the avenues in portions of the city devoted principally to residences as inviting and at- '■ ve as can be found anywhere. The business portion of the city is com- v - r and substantially built of brick, stone and iron. Many of the blocks rge and attractive. The celebrated Dayton marble is quarried near the imits, and as a building material is unequaled for beauty and durability. I- 1 < did on to the many large blocks now in use, several new ones, large and ’initial, are in process of construction, to meet the demands of increasing ?:ess. ’he public buildings of the city and county are, as well as the private ngs, of the most costly, elegant and attractive character. In the imrne- ' vicinity of the city are the National Soldiers’ Home — the “ Hotel de Inval- •mf America — the Southern Ohio Asylum for the Insane, and many other like options of lesser magnitude. The view of the city and valley to be ob- 1 from the surrounding hills is indeed grand. Its equal cannot be ob- u ! from any other point in Ohio. The city is supplied with an abundance fellent well water, yet it has in addition Holly water- works, which, by ‘ °f about thirty- four miles of mains, now down, supplies the city with a " article of water for culinary purposes and for fire protection The paid Department of this city is one of the most admirable and efficient in the oy. and no other city in Ohio can boast of a more thoroughly organized ficient police force. Well-regulated street railroads extend to all parts | city ° F 760 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Nine different railroads center here. This statement will of itself clef indicate the advantages of Dayton as a point for distribution and shipmi The shipping facilities of Dayton, either by rail or by canal, could not well improved; nor could the opportunities for rapid and convenient travel. I senger trains to and from all points of the compass leave and arrive aim hourly during the day and night. To points North and South the canal affo very cheap, though rather slow means of freight transportation. The ma facturing interests of the city, which, for many years were neglected, have cently taken new life, and already are rapidly growing in volume and inij tance. The car works, employing many hundreds of men, the many manu: tories, foundries, planing-mills, screw-works, iron shops, turbine water-wl works, tool works, in short, the numberless mills and machine shops afford ; stant employment for thousands of industrious mechanics at fair wages, the proprietors are all prosperous. The hydraulic water-power of this plac among the best in the State. The mechanics and laboring men of Day generally own houses of their own, and, as a consequence, houses can be rer at reasonable rates. Shabby or unsightly tenement houses are unknowr Dayton. With her 40,000 population, the populous surrounding country, the innumerable small towns within a radius of a few miles, and ail of wl are tributaries to Dayton, her business, both retail and wholesale, already la is rapidly increasing, and affords a splendid field for the capitalist seeking opportunity in that direction. Her manufacturing facilities, with her op tunities and advantages as a shipping-point, afford the capitalist and manuf urer a brilliant prospect, while her educational, moral, social and sanitary vantages render Dayton a most desirable place for residence. BOOK III. PART FIRST. 'OWNSHIP HISTORIES. TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. BY JOSEPH NUTT. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP is situated in the southeastern part of the ' county, and is bounded on the north by Van Buren Township, on the tby Greene County, on the south by Warren County, and on the west by a i Township. t was organized as a township probably as early as May, 1803, and most aly some time between March and June of that year. It at first extended once of seven miles north and south, and from Greene County to German ■ hip east and west. On December 9, 1829, Miamisburg, with a part of u Township, which at that time belonged to Washington, was stricken off. to 24th of June, 1841, a strip of land a mile in width was taken off the tiirn end of this township and added to Yan Buren Township. These suc- sil) spoliations have reduced the township to an area of thirty square miles, stance of six miles north and south and five miles east and west, "aslfington Township was one of the first settled points in the county, : February, 1796, two months before a settlement had been made at Dav- 1 is find a company of men from Kentucky, among whom were Aaron Nutt, j fin Robbins and Beniamin Archer, surveying near the present site of t ville. The first camp struck by these adventurous civil engineers was farm now owned by William Weller, just on the outskirts of town, ter, they only remained a short time in this place, for, upon the discovery ■ idian signs,” the camp was hastily vacated, and. they removed two miles It northeast and took up a position on the farm now owned by Samuel • Here they found a secure retreat, just south of the old Pardington digs, in a ravine, and here they remained in undisputed possession until id completed their survey. How long this was we cannot say, but they t ly did not hasten the completion of their work for lack of meat, as a eurkey roost was discovered on what is now 'he farm of Alonzo Mont- - , and the party hunter had an easy time of it, except, perhaps, carrying leathered denizens of the forest. After the survey had been completed, i pt was laid down in the woods, and these primitive surveyors proceeded ■ r;r cuts for first choice of land. Benjamin Robbins was the first lucky ad, influenced by the springs discovered, immediately selected the half of land which lay on the west of Centerville, and which embraced the \ow owned by Benjamin Davis, Mason Allen and others. Aaron Nutt, bn fate ordained the last choice, always maintained that “Benny had '‘ poor choice,” as better springs were afterward discovered on his own s Benjamin Archer, who had second choice, selected the half section h Jst of Centerville, and Aaron Nutt took the same amount of land directly 0ils ■ town. Aer the selection of lands, they mounted their horses and returned to 1 unifies in Kentucky, well pleased with the country which they were 4 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. soon to make their home. They say of the fertility of the soil at this t “that while surveying they found wild rye up to their horses’ sides.” Benjamin Robbins was thefh-st to take possession of the land thus obtaii and, in the spring of the same year, came with his wife and several chile to Ohio, and built a log cabin near where, years afterward, the stone In now occupied by William Davis was erected. Two years later, Aaron Nutt came to join the fortunes of his brothei law, Robbins, and established for himself a home in the Ohio forest. Rob pressed him to unload and share his cabin until he had erected one of his < “ No,” said Mr. Nutt, “ I’ll never unload until I can carry my goods intc own house.” He had to go to Franklin, nine miles away, for assistance, as he was particular to tell every one that he had brought six gallons of 1 tucky whisky with him, on the day appointed there were many willing b and kind hearts to give the stranger a lift. Before evening, the logs had cut, the clapboards made and the cabin finished, and that night Mr. Nutt family were securely established in their new home and slept beneath 1 own roof. It is probable that Benjamin Archer, the last of the three surveyors, i out about the same time, bitt it is not definitely known. There are some pi in the history of Mr. Archer, or Judge Archer, as he was always called, wc of note, and, as he did not remain permanently in the settlement, we will them here. A native of New Jersey, he removed to Philadelphia, where he was cr< Judge of one of the courts. From that city, he removed to Kentucky from there to Washington Township. Here he remained until 1821, ant one of the leading men in the community, at one time being Associate J of the Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas. From this State, he to Fort Wayne, Ind., where he seems to have been satisfied to give n] travels and permanently locate. Judge Archer was distinctively a progrt man. for, besides his pioneer work in this State, we find him engaged in .able enterprises wherever he was located. It is generally conceded th made the first brick and built the first brick house in Fort Wayne, whe died in 1830. The settlement having been established in Washington Township, were soon others to recognize the fertility and advantages of the place, ai the course of a very few years, many families were located in the vicin: the present town of Centerville. Among these was the family of Dr. John Hole, who is believed to been a native of Virginia. In 1796, he was living in New Jersey, and < mined to penetrate the wilderness west of the Ohio. He first stopped al cinnati, where he remained one year, and removed to this township i spring of 1797. He located three and a half miles northwest of Cent® where he entered a section and a half of land, on what he named Silver ( but what soon came to be known far and near as Hole’s Creek, a name wt retains at the present day. He erected the first two saw-mills in the tow: Dr. Hole was the first practitioner in the township, and was well knoi his liberality and hospitality. His cabin was always open to traveler, many recipients of his bounty relate that when asking for their bill night’s lodging, they were told to “go and do likewise.” While studying for his profession, he was appointed Assistant Surge his preceptor at the battle of Bunker Hill, and was afterward one of the n Surgeons in the army of Montgomery and Arnold at the storming of Q In this battle he says: “I dressed the wounds of the soldiers benea walls of the fort by the Hash of the cannon.” At one time in the bs WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. b oj er was carried in and laid on the table before the doctor. “ I can’t do any- j r for this man; his head is gone,’’ he exclaimed with his usual prompt- It was a mistake which might easily occur in the darkness of the night ffionfusion of the battle. He was near Gen. Montgomery when the latter i c ved his death wound, and saw him reel and spin round like a top while kncing on the ice. Dr. Hole’s cabin stood on the spot where David Gephart lately erected a ■ae house, just below Eno Belloman’s mill. It was a round-log cabin, with a ward roof and loft, puncheon floor and cat and clay chimney, that is, made nail sticks and tilled in with clay. He died January 6, 1813, aged ft eight years. John Ewing. Sr., better known as Judge Ewing, came here in the same u with Dr. Hole, and settled on adjoining land. His descendants are still eg in the neighborhood. His son Joseph was one of the first surveyors in o gomery County, in which capacity he served fifteen years. His son John e January 30, 1882, on the old homestead farm, a few rods from his birth - lai>, eighty years before. He has a daughter still living in Dayton. Henry Stansell first came to Ohio in 1801. He built a log cabin and then ned to Kentucky for his family, whom he removed to their new home the living year. Another prominent but later settler was Daniel Wilson, who nlved from Greene County in 1811. Mr. Wilson was born in New Jersey, « 21, 1759. He was married to Sarah Sutton, September 23, 1781, and izabeth Price, February 17, 1807. He died September 7, 1847. He re- o'd from New Jersey to Pennsylvania, and thence to Greene County, Ohio, e he built the first house in that county, April 7, 1796. When, in 1799, lelrst church was built in Washington Township, the trees were blazed from r Vilson’s to this church, in order that the Greene County settlers might at- ilhe Lord’s service without danger of beino- lost in the woods. Among the other pioneers were the three Baileys — John, Andrew and rl (M. D.). These men, the fruits of whose industry we to-day enjoy with- tninking of the labor it cost to clear and improve the land, had many diffi- : l|s to contend with, not the least of which was the matter of moving. We 1 jive one or two instances illustrative of this part of this work. denry Stansell, assisted by Jerry Allen, and accompanied by his wife and ephildren, left Kentucky for Ohio in 1802. Their worldly store was not or very valuable, but part of it was bulky and cumbersome. In addition Air live stock, which consisted of three horses, one hen and a few geese, -.brought, with them all the household and kitchen furniture and farming ■ nmments necessary to set up housekeeping and commence farming in a new W- One of the horses was detailed to carry Mrs. Stansell, a saddle, a Hr bed and a baby four months old. Each of the remaining horses carried >iepf the men, two children, cooking utensils, provisions for the journey, ’rng implements, etc. The geese were compelled to travel on foot, but the ’managed to dead-head it on one of the horses. A sad misfortune befell ie! in Cincinnati, for one of the geese strayed from the flock and was lost ■ tp streets of that city. It was afterward discovered, however, and brought lj in triumph. fbe settlers were not by any means all from the same locality or even 'like same State, New England contributed her share, and, in 1797, Jona- fimd Edmund Manger and Benjamin Maltbie left Middleburg, Yt. , with ! ’'families, for the territory northwest of the Ohio River. They traveled 0 three-horse wagons, the wheel horses being driven with lines and the l J ridden by a boy. While coming through" Pennsylvania and moving " >i at a brisk trot, by a sudden jolt. Jonathan Munger, who was riding on 6 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. one of the wagons, was thrown under the wheels, and, before the horses con be checked, or he could extricate himself, both wheels passed over him. Su bold spirits were not to be thwarted by a little accident like that, and th moved ou to Marietta, where they remained for a time in the stockade. Frc there, they dropped down the river to Belpre, where, in 1799, they raised cc siderable corn and transported it to Columbia in pirogues. In 1800, Jonath and Edmund Munger, with the families of all three men, moved down t river in pirogues. Benjamin Maltbie, with some of the boys, brought t horses down by land. The harness and wagons were carried in the boats, some point, one of the pirogues was overturned and a feather bed, containi a baby, floated down with the current. The bed was somewhat dampened, b the pirogue was not injured and the baby was saved. They landed at Cinch nati. harnessed their horses, hitched to their wagons, and, having loaded tin with as much of their goods as they could haul over the unbroken rqaj started for Washington Township. The women and all the children who wc able to walk performed their journey on foot. The settlers were greatly troubled by venomous snakes. Benjamin II bins discovered a den in close proximity to his house, and called in the neio bors to help exterminate the pests. About a dozen backwoodsmen came in 1 make a day’s work of it, and the result of the hunt was 400, mostly rattlesnak , and having from sixteen to twenty-four rattles each. The woods were full of game of all kinds, but bears, deer and wild ti keys were most abundant, as well as most valuable, as to these they looked : 1 their meat. Many interesting stories are told of bear hunts, deer chases a 1 big turkey hauls, and a few of these we will give. One day, Boston Hoblet was paying his friend, Benjamin Robbins, a visj, and while at dinner a loud squealing was heard in the direction of the pig-1 Both men sprang from the table and seized their guns, for, as was customa in those days, Hoblet had brought his along. Hoblet led the way, and i nearing the lot, discovered a large bear tearing away at a sow’s shoulders, an by a well-directed shot, succeeded in bringing bruin to the ground. ‘ ' ISIo Boston,” said Robbins, who at that moment came up and saw what his fide had done, “ I’ll give you a pig for that.” So he did. “And that pig,” s< Hoblet, “was the first one I ever owned.” That one lucky shot gave bin start in the pig line and he became a successful hog-raiser. Shortly after the settlers from New England had established themseh on the head-waters of Hole's Creek, some of the younger members of the famr of Jonathan Munger reported to their father that they had seen a “ mons black cat - ’ run up a tree. Without waiting for his gun, the father promp climbed the tree, and, with a good stout club, invited the “ black cat ’’ do wn forcibly that he quickly accepted the invitation and descended to the grou rather more hurriedly than gracefully, where he was hospitably received by t 1 family dog and the children. In relating the incident afterward, Mr. Mung was free to admit that he would have been in some danger had Mrs. Brn made her appearance on the battle-field; but, as he was unacquainted, with be habits at that time, he always wound up his story by characteristically sayii “ High, la me; them that knows nothin’ fears nothin'.” One fall, after Mr. John Ewing had put up his hogs for fattening, he cai across a large bear in the woods, and, after following him all day to the Lit Miami and back, succeeded in killing him close to his house. This was cc sidered an extra good day’s work, and he was so well satisfied with the amovl of meat thus obtained that his hogs were turned out to be kept for the n< I year’s fattening. So much for bear stories. The last bear killed in the township was in t WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 7 1 1 of 1826, on the farm of Daniel Hines. Louis Taylor says that this be ai- l's shot almost simultaneously by Simon H. Douglass and William Russell, I t that he thinks Russell’s gun cracked first. A man by the name of Clawson, who was a celebrated hunter, once went to t ; shop of Edmund Munger to have some blacksmithing done, but was told by ] •, Munger that he could not do the work, as his family was out of meat and 1 m ust go to the woods and kill some turkeys. “ I can kill more turkeys than i can,” said Clawson, “and if you'll go into the shop and do my work, I’ll c into the woods and do your hunting.” The proposition was accepted, and (iwson, with an old horse and a boy, started into the woods. In the evening, L returned and made good his boast, for the old horse was loaded down with tenty-one fine, fat turkeys. One night, Jonathan Munger, hearing a noise in the top of an elm which had felled near his house, fired his rifle in the direction of the sound and riurned the gun to its place. By the nest day, he had forgotten all about the ecumstance, and did not go near the tree until noon, when he discovered the ] )-s eagerly devouring the carcass of a deer, which his random shot had killed. 'J is was the man who, it is said, has been known to climb a tree, transfer a s irm of bees to a sack and return stingless to the ground. Gradually, however, the larger animals were driven off or killed, and be- i e the close of the first quarter of the present century, most of them had dis- wared. The last “porcupine,” or American hedgehog, was killed one Sun- cl!'' morning in the summer of 1880, while crossing the street in Centerville, jflt below the present residence of Dr. Lamme. The amusements of our pioneer forefathers was much the same in every ivnship, and were adapted to their free and open manner of living. The ap- p cuttings, spinning frolics, quiltings, corn huskings and log rollings were n versally attended and enjoyed by everybody. They always combined the u ful with the pleasant, and their seasons of enjoyment were seasons of profit a well. Their play was their work. There were no social bickerings and no elect crowds.” Society acknowledged but one class, and the open sesame of i I doors was honesty, uprightness and a good appetite for work. The aris racy of wealth, the aristocracy of good looks and the aristocracy of good dies all ranked below the aristocracy of physical manhood. Probably one 'their most popular enjoyments was their “spinning frolics,” as upon these t j depended for their year’s clothing. Preparatory to the “ frolic,” however, flax must be pulled by the boys and girls; next, it was spread and watered the purpose of hastening disintegration; after it had lain for some time, so ado be readily broken, it must be “winded” or “scutched;” next, the ii king process must be gone through with, after which came the “ spinning d .’ not the least agreeable part of which, to the boys at least, was carrying girls' spinning-wheels to and from the party. After the spinning, came weaving, which latter process was generally performed by a few families iohe neighborhood, for some slight compensation. This was because looms ve expensive and weaving required some practice. In this line we might add that the champion flax-dresser in the neighbor- ed was David Bowlbv, who, in two days, dressed 236 pounds — 120 the first r f William Luce, 1 1 ' ustees Richard Mason, Jacob Benner, of Factory. The following items are taken from the memorandum of Benjamin Malt- fc: June 10, 1816. Began to superintend the factory. The hands that worked to-day we Robert Russell, William Russell and Abraham Clawson, by the month. Joseph Platts, by the day. $ .621 Andrevv McNeal, by the day 62l Jonathan Mills, by the day 62£ John Wolf, by the day 50 John Cole, by the day 75 Edward Smith, by the day 56 June 13, 1816. This Day agreed with Mr. Stags of Middletown to Come next Mon- , and Put up the machienes if Trustees will uot Imploy him he is to have Pay for one 1 - that is Two Dollars he is to have Two Dollars and his Board Per Day. Got one quart of whiskey on the credit of the company. The first order issued by this company was in favor of Aaron Nutt, Sr., f< hauling, amount, 810.011; date, January 27, 1816. Abner Crane furnished I company at different times 806,290 bricks, at a total cost of 8L378.30. 1 ,. The lime used in constructing the factory was obtained from Amos and lliam Irvin and amounted to 4,671 bushels. One of the Treasurers of the company was James Russell, and the amount ' Honey which passed through his hands while serving in that capacity was I056.78J. Mr. Russell’s books show that on settlement he had always paid more money than he had taken in. In 1819, the property of the company changed hands, and we append the 1 cle of agreement between the old and new companies: Articles of Agreement made between the Farmers’ and Mechanics’ Manufacturing 1 ipany of Centerville, Montgomery Co., Ohio — in the first part and John Harris, John ‘[lor, Jacob Benner, William Luce & Francies Dilts their Heirs and Assigns on the •* id part witnesseth that the said Farmers’ and Mechanics’ Manufacturing Company of Cjterville &c., do agree and bind themselves to transfer all their right and title to their hd and Factory lying and standing on the waters of Hole’s Creek Adjoining to Isaac “jrison’s Land with all the Privileges and Appurtenances thereunto belonging for and in 1 ^.deration of ten thousand Dollars to be Paid to the aforesaid company — it is under - 'Id by the Parties that the said Harris Luce Taylor Benner and Dilts have assumed all the D ts against said company and are to Pay the remaining part of the ten thousand Dollars 1 \Y remains in six equal annual Payments the first payment to be paid by the first day of ■jo 1821 — and the aforesaid Manufacturing Company hold the aforesaid Property as • rity until those of the second part have complied with the aforesaid contract in testi- fy hereof we have set our hands and seals this third day of July 1819. T es t I Edmund Munger, .John Harris, [Seal.] I John Minturn. Jacob Benner, [Seal.] .John Taylor, [Seal.] William Luce, [Seal.] Fransis Dils, [Seal.] It will be seen by a comparison of the names of the parties to this agree- riJ t with the names of the original stockholders that there were no new mem- 10 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. bers admitted to the company, but only one part of the original owners boue the interest of certain others, who were wise enough to see that they had mr a bad financial investment. The factory was in operation until about 1840, when it was closed up a the building torn down. This company is supposed to have organized uuc tlie following general law, passed in 1812 and limiting to live years: Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, that at any time wit five years, any two or more persons who should be desirous to form a company for purpose of manufacturing woolen, cotton, hemp, yarn, etc. The first houring-mill built within the present limits of the township i by a man by the name of Waup. This mill was located on a tributary Hole’s Creek, in the northwestern part of the township. At this mill wh was ground for the army in the war of 1812. In the days of buckskin breeches and coonskin caps, tanning green hit was one of the important industries, and we find that there were four tanya sunk in 'this township, all of which enjoyed more or less patronage. When the first one was sunk, we are unable to determine, but it must b; been as early at least as 1802, as the following items, taken from Aaron Ni Sr.’s, memoranda, go to prove: Aug. It, 1802. Johnathan Manger brought a cows hid marked J. M. Aug. 13, 1802. James Snowden brought a horses hid marked J. S. March 23, 1803. Justice Luce brought a Steer hid marked J. L. March 23, 1803. Peter Borders brought a bull hid marked P. B. March 23, 1803. Peter Sunderland brought a calfskin marked P. S. April 11, 1803. John Cotrel brought a deerskin marked J. C. April 13, 1803. Andrew Boyle brought a hid and a pease and a bearskin. .June 4, 1803. Conrod Carter brought a cow a calf four hogs a dog and a bearski) Among other items, we find mentioned “ heffir,” sheep and ground-1: skins. Truly, if, as they say, “ Variety is the very spice of life,” the tany< must have furnished its share of enjoyment to Mr. Nutt. The other tanyards were owned by David Miller, Joseph Sunderland ; John H. Martin, but they were of a later date, and, like the first, have cea: to exist. In 1819, there was erected at Woodburn a shop for the manufacture stoves, pots, kettles and machinery of all kinds. This was the only foundry the county until 1828. In 1820, at Woodburn, Anthony Jones had an establishment for print bedspreads, quilts, pocket-handkerchiefs, etc. He was the only calico nrii who ever carried on his trade in the township. I In 1835, one of the first shops in the county for the manufacture of s carriage-springs was in operation at Stringtown. John Irons was the first man in Centerville to make the old wooden me board plows. He always declared there was no rule to make them by and j just had to “ cut and fit and fit and cut.” About 1835, and continuing four or five years, the cooper trade was a profitable in Centerville. There were probably not more than two priuci shops, but, as pork-packing was then at its height, these gave employment great many hands. Abraham Nixon and Nathan Reid were the principal i engaged in this trade, and their work was all taken by James Harris, the pi cipal pork- packer. This last-mentioned occupation was at that time very j ular, and besides the gentlemen mentioned above, there were engaged in business James Brown & Co., about 1830, and later, such men as the Harr: father and two sons, John C. Murphy, Benjamin Hatfield, N. S. Sunderl? Harris & Allen, Harris & Maxwell and Harris & Fisk. The first goods sold in the township were brought here by Benjamin •cher and sold in a log cabin, two miles northeast of Centerville, on the fn WASH INGTON TOW NS H IP. 11 i.,v owned by Alonzo Montgomery. These goods were hauled from Cincin- rl. and Judge Archer paid for the hauling at a certain price per hundred vight. One winter, when there was good sleighing, he sent several sleds aer a new stock of -goods he had just purchased. As the pay was in propor- s q to the size of the load, of course there was considerable rivalry among the t rasters for heavy burdens. On this occasion, the man who was the least fort- i ate only succeeded in getting one box of hats, weighing thirty pounds. In t spring of 1827, a number of unsalable hats were found in the loft of the cabin, and they were supposed to a part of this veritable thirty-pound box, \ icli had required two horses and a sled to bring it from Cincinnati. The first store in Centerville was kept by Aaron Nutt, Sr., on the same lot ■ which the only dry goods store in the town now stands. His first stock of .'ids Mr. Nutt hauled in a cart from Baltimore. This was in the spring of 1. Previous to this, Mr. Nutt had lost the money with which he expected tijpay for his Ohio property by lending it to an irresponsible man in Kentucky. 1 1810, seeing he must make some extra exertion in order to discharge his ob- 1 i ition, Mr. Nutt raised all the produce he was able to and purchased as much nre as his means would permit. In company with John Price, Peter Sunder- ifd and others, he loaded this on two fiat-boats at Cincinnati, on the 13th of E'jember, 1810, and started to “coast” down to New Orleans. They had my queer experiences with the Southern “ aristocracy.” At one point, when ■mnerating his commodities to a Southern lady, Mr. Nutt mentioned lard, ■ave you lard! ” quickly asked this daughter of the South. Upon his as- siling her that he had it both in quantity and quality, she responded: “ If ■ have lard, I’ll take a barrel; so many of those dirty fiat-boatmen come dig here and want to sell me hog’s fat, and I won’t have that dirty stuff.” Hiassured her that he had genuine lard, and she said she would send the jggers” down to bring it up. This she did, and Mr. Nutt received his pay, igratulating himself that he had learned to call things by their right names, vie the lady was not a little pleased to find one boatman who did not sell he’s fat. Arriving at New Orleans, these gentlemen sold their remaining stock at vf advantageous prices. Peter Sunderland found that he had sold so much Tis goods on credit that he had scarcely money enough to bring him home. 3 Mr. Price and Mr. Nutt had fared better, and, happening to meet with a ■< Captain from Baltimore, who told them of fabulous prices paid for produce n bat city, Mr. Nutt determined to invest in a fiat-boat load which had just 1 e in and take it there. The Captain who gave them information as to Pips carried them both and Mr. Nutt’s merchandise to Baltimore, where he ad prices even better than had been represented. Having again sold out 1 produce, Mr. Nutt invested in a horse and cart and a cart load of dry ;c Amber next according to the statute in such case made and provided. , in Testimony whereof 1 have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of our said ' °t of Common Pleas at Dayton the twentieth day of May one thousand eight hundred ;l| Pleven. B. Van Cleve. elk.. M. C. P. p. t. 12 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Mr. Nutt was still in the business in 1815, and we find this list of who sale prices for that year: Lead pencils, 31 cents: British oil, 371- cents j bottle; peppermint, 28 cents per bottle; Godfrey’s cordial, 374 cents per b tie; Bateman’s drops, 371- cents per bottle; camphor, 50 cents per bottle; n megs, 18 cents; darning-needles, 6^ cents; allspice, 75 cents per pound: api check, 50 cents per yard; linsey, $1 per yard; pink cambric, 75 cents perya cambric, $2.25 per yard; jackanett, $1.02 per yard; pewter dish. $2.25. Among other things we notice that the retail price of tea, in 1813, \ $2.50 per pound; of 8-penny nails, 21 cents per pound; coffee, 50 cents i pound; calico, 871- cents per yard. But probably the most expensive article which the early settlers had buy was salt. Benjamin Maltbie paid $26.87-| for a barrel of salt in Cine nati The first tavern kept in the township was by Aaron Nutt, Sr. house, or, more properly, log cabin, was opened up about 1800, just north the town plat, where Frank Harris now resides. Its sign was a pair of but horns, and it enjoyed a moderate share of patronage, but was only continue short time. John Archer opened up the first tavern in Centerville, with the sign of “ cross keys.” Since that time, there have been many taverns in the township, good, and indifferent, with probably a predominance in favor of the good. The n famous was that of Enos Doolittle, and it soon came to be known far and l as the best stopping-place for travelers west of the Alleghanies. This gentleman, who was a genuine type of the New England Yanl came to the town in 1820 as a peddler. With keen Yankee foresight, he sav opening for trade in the town and immediately opened up a dry goods sot This, however, did not agree with him, and, purchasing suitable property opened a tavern in 1832. In 1822 or 1828, he was married to Miss Bathshj Robbins, and continued in the place until after her death, in 1845, when he moved to Columbus. There is one more industry which we must not pass over in silence, though its existence would not. be creditable to the township to-day. This the still-house built by Ashel Wright. It was in operation in 1817, and sides distilling liquor of several kinds, Air. Wright was engaged in the ma facture of the oil of peppermint. His building stood on the land now ow by Benjamin Davis. Washington Township has not had much experience with slaves, but tl are one or two incidents worthy of mention which occurred in the earlier d There was a law in Ohio in the forepart of this century under which indh persons were sold to the lowest bidder, not as slaves, but as paupers, kej public expense. We take the following entry from Aaron Nutt, Sr.'s, join relative to one of these public sales: “June 20, 1819. — Seel was advertise July 3; was sold to the Loesfc Bail wich was Levy Nutt; sold for $50 by Aaron Nutt, Sener, & Isack woodwj oversers of the Poor for Washington township.” This could in no case be called a sale for the personal liberty of the ab mentioned person, who, by the way, was a colored woman, but the Overseer the Poor merely let out the contract of keeping her to the person who was d ing to do it for the least money. There was one genuine fugitive slave case in the township. In the r a 1826, there were various reports that a “nigger" had been seen in the w< near Centerville. One man by the name of Lawrence reported that he seen him scooping up parched corn from the ground, and that, he “ looked WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 13 \i devil.’’ One morning, as the children of Peter Sunderland were going to siiool, they suddenly ran across him “ in camp, ” and immediately returned jme and reported to their father. Mr. Sunderland’s men went out and found in roasting a duck. He was protected from the cold only by a sack, which had found in the road and which he drew on over his head, having first oped it sufficiently to make arm-holes. By these men he was taken to the ;meof Mr. Sunderland and there made to understand that he was among : ends. He gave his name as Black John, and soon proved himself to be an nest and trustworthy hand. One of Mr. Sunderland’s daughters had a Kentucky suitor, and this gen- rman reported the circumstance of Black John’s capture to some of his friends no had lost a slave. One morning in the next summer, the household of Mr. bnderland was in unusual commotion, and it was evident that visitors were Jpected whose advent was not agreeable One of the boys was sent out to the id of the lane to watch for them, but the cherry trees were too tempting and on he was so busily engaged that he did not notice two strangers who walked Istily and quietly toward the house. When near the house, they were met i the brawny Peter Sunderland, who, with a drawn corn-cutter, commanded jialt. One of the men he grabbed by the collar, and, while he held the wea n over his head, threatening every minute to crash it into his brain, he called i John to nlake his escape. John needed no second bidding, and, with a few jjoid strides, reached the woods and was soon out of harm’s way, it is hoped, he was never heard from after. The treacherous Kentuckian who had i ought about the event was forbidden the house of Mr. Sunderland, as he ffily deserved to be. We take the following entry from James Russell’s journal: April 9, 1828. Abel Morseman commenced work at $75 per yr. washing and mend- .; to be done in the bargain. I)r. May 29. 1828. To making 2 pair of pantaloons at 25c per Ann, 50c. May 29, 1828. Paid Simon H. Douglass 25c for soleing shoes. Sept. 27, 1828. Making cambric shirt by Polly, 75c. Sept. 29. 1828. To ditto 25c each 50c. At the end of the year there were 21 days lost he at 26c, $5. 46c. Wages overdrawn $1.02. We give the following wages in 1842: Making rails, 50 cents per day; tking hay, 50 cents per day; reaping and mowing, 62 cents. Flour, $2 per 4.; pickled pork, 14 cents per pound; rye, 20 cents per bushel; corn, 20 nts per bushel ; two-horse team, $1.50; carriage hire, in 1840,25 cents per y; cider, $1 per barrel. Washington Township takes the lead in the matter of public officials and [sal government. It has always been run in the interests of economy and at e same time law, order and social and intellectual development. The first election held in the county was June 21, 1803, and this town - ip cast ninety-five votes for Governor. The township has been reduced since en, but the number of voters now is 440. The first election for Justice of e Peace was on the second Tuesday in October, 1805, when the following tes were polled: John McCabe, 35; John McGrew, 32: Richard Mason. 1; jtal, 68. Among our township officers, we number the following: James Russell d James McGrew, Justices of the Peace, 1811; John McGrew and W illiam uig, Justices of the Peace, 1812. Township Clerks — Edmund Munger, 1809—26; Hugh Alexander, 1826- j'i John Woodman, 1828-30; R. S. McGrew, 1830-33; James Wilson, 1833- ; Daniel Crosley, 1855-61; Clark Prim, 1861 to the present time (1882). Treasurers — Thomas Clawson, to 1809; James Russell, 1809-11; 14 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Richard Mason, 1811-25; Goldsmith Chandler, 1825-26; James Harris, 182' 29: John Benham, 1829-31: James C. Anderson, 1831 ; John Juning, 1831-4 James Harris, 1840-42; N. V. Maxwell, 1842-65; R. M. Anderson, 1865-6 N. Y. Maxwell, 1867 to the present time (1882). Postmasters — John Archer, appointed March 1, 1815; Enos Doolittl December 2, 1823; Nathaniel Strong, July 12, 1827; James Brown, Aim 19, 1829; Thomas Creighton, November 2, 1832; James Harris, May 3. 184 John H. Campbell, May 12, 1843; Enos Doolittle, February 6, 1844; Jain Brown, July 14, 1845; Israel Harris, July 6, 1846; R. M. Anderson, Mar 29, 1855; Wayland P. James, April 10, 1857; W. G. Stewarts, July 15, 185 Samuel Clutch, August 24, 1858; James C. Anderson, August 25, 1859; N. Maxwell, November 2, 1863; All’s. Albina Benham, January 7, 1867. It is interesting to notice the difference in'the township expenses of a fi years back and those of to-day. The total expenses for the year 1808 were $102.63, and of this amount $’ were for the support of the poor. In Alarch, 1829, the trustees, in settlement with the Treasurer, made t! statement: “We find now in the Treasurer’s hands one note of hand and sever depreciated bank notes, which are considered of no value, to the amount $19,814; amount in Treasurer’s hands, 914 cents. “ 1839 — Total receipts, $25,244; total expenses, $25,234; amount on han 1 cent. Of the expenses this year, the Treasurer received as his per cent, 7- cents.” Between this date and the present, the wants of the county must have i creased wonderfully, if we are to judge from the general exhibit of the Trea urer’s books for March, 1881 : Disbursements — School funds, $4,930.04; incidental expenses, $4,038.9 roads, $1,345.34; cemetery, $17.80; total, $10,332.14; Treasurer’s per cec $144.34. This wide difference is not an indication of extravagance, but of ge eral improvement. For instance, in 1839, if the report is to be relied o there could have been no public schools, while in the report of 1881 we find large share of total expenses was for school purposes. In 1865, Russia sent an agent to the United States to inquire into tl principles and workings of our Government. As a matter of course, lie came Ohio, and, not finding just what he wanted at Columbus, he came down Dayton. At Dayton, he said he wanted to get at the very bottom of the roe ter, and asked what township was best governed, as he intended going in the matter to its foundation. “ Washington Township, of course,” respondi the county officials. He came out, hi inging a letter of introduction to tl Treasurer, and spent some time in examining the township books. The i title of this interesting Russian was J. Kapnist, attache a la II Section de chancellerie particuliere de S. Al. l’Empereur de Russie. AVashington Township has always been noted for the liberality of k citizens. Their hearts are large and an appeal for help has never been mat to them in vain. In the late war, a call was made by the soldiers’ famiii in Dayton for wood. The first call was not generally known in the townski and consequently the response was not very large. At the second call, hi' 1 ever, the entire township was quick to heed, and seventy loads of wood, mea uring out seventy-five cords, were hauled into town on the same day. Tit was more wood than was contributed by the entire county outside of 4Y ashinj ton Township. The wood was hauled in procession, Benjamin Davis beiij Marshal for the day. Not only has she been willing to contribute of her means, but her citize: have not hesitated to stake their lives for their country’s freedom or rights. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 15 In the war of 1812 were tlie following men from the township: Gen. Ed- mjid Hunger, Capt. John Harris, Oapt. William Luce, Capt. Joseph Ewing, Kiser. Benjamen Maltbie, recruiting officer, Harvey Munger, William gjsey, Henry Stansell, Daniel McNeil, teamsters; Truman Munger, Amos jn, Lieutenants ; William Duncan, William Newman, rangers; Oliver Tol- )(l|1) James Tolbert, Daniel Shaw, Richard Duncan, Richard Sunderland, •. >r Sunderland, Abraham Russell, James Russell, Peter Clawson, William f'Bwing, David Lamme; Thomas Kelsie, John Shank, Thomas Hatfield, John i field, James White, Joseph White, Thomas Bigger, John C. Murphy, Rich- r Benham, John Benham, John Wilson, Simeon Wilson, Austin Webb, George ii, Robert Silvers, Isaac Harrison, William Irvin, privates. In the Wolverine war of 1835, when the regiment was called together at l nisburg, and the list of volunteers taken, it presented the following names: ; i lard Benham, Jr., and Newton Fleming, of Washington, and Col. William ayer, of Miami Township. In the Mexican war, John Woodyard and James Pope represented this j-iship, or would have represented it had they succeeded in getting to lico. In the war of 1861, the township furnished her full quota of soldiers, but, s ,eir names are soon to be recorded on the soldiers’ monument at Dayton, epave their record to the sculptured marble, which will be more enduring n| the feeble lines of this pen. Although Washington T wnship has not made as rapid advancement in national matters as her progress in other directions would lead us to expect, f long the dark passages of her illiteracy there have been glimmerings of g: whose beams have penetrated to her farthest borders, and in their influ- k are destined to live for years yet to come. One of these points in her history was the establishment of a public li- 1 i'u as early as 1810. This library was kept up for thirty years, and was a >n e of much intellectual improvement to the township. It was in the hands joint-stock company, incorporated under the following law: feb. 19, 1810. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, that u nd Munger, Daniel Bradstreet, Noah Tibbals, John Harris, Israel Harris, Benjamin uifie, Amoni Maltbie, Ethol Kellogg, Jeremiah Hole, Elihu Kellogg, Freeman Munger, 'I' nd K. Munger, Reuben Munger, Ezra Kellogg, Jonathan Munger and Harvey Mun- - r and they are together with such other persons as shall be by them hereafter'admit- 1 eated and made a Corporation and body politic with perpetual Succession and Shall J'rrfter he Known by the name and title of the Washington Social Library Company. " Edmund Munger, Benjamin Maltbie, Daniel Bradstreet, Noah Tibbals, John Harris, b| Kellogg and Jeremiah Hole be and they are hereby appointed directors until the Janual meeting of said corporation. This act shall take effect and be in force from d fter the passage thereof. Meeting of the members for Election of Officers 1st Tues- ^ April annually in the Township of Washington and county of Montgomery. Edward Tiffin, Speaker of the House of Representatives . Duncan McArthur, Speaker of the Senate. larrison Maltbie, son of Judge Benjamin Maltbie, makes a very clear lent concerning the above charter. “About 1840, a stranger went through 1 - wnship, bought the shares of the stockholders, and kept everything secret ' f had full control ; he then came to my father to buy his two shares. My 1 said to him, ‘You want to establish a bank on this charter?’ He ac- 1a o edged that was the calculation. My father told him when the charter ts Gained, a pledge was given that it should not be so used; he replied that hi the power already to control it, and he would use it, and, to avoid trouble, 'laid give my father $30 foBliis two shares. My father took it. This man IU °A the concern to Miamisburg and started the Washington Bank.” 16 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Its life was a brief one, but long enough for some persons to lose la amounts of money. Israel Harris and his son James, of Centerville, v invited to take stock in the bank; they visited Miamisburg and examined : it far enough to satisfy themselves that it would not do. In 1848, a joint-gtock company was organized in Centerville for the es lishment of an academy. Property was purchased and a substantial two-si stone building was erected at a cost of $8,000. Prof. Johnson, now of Jei sonville, Ind. , was the first Principal, and under his management the sc] prospered for a few years very remarkably. Besides the languages, ina matics and sciences, there was taught book-keeping, surveying and history. The school was closed, however, in 1861, and the building was afieru sold to the Baptists, who erected a church on its site. There is at present a decided improvement in the schools all over township. The district schools are better than they ever were before, and feeling now is that Washington is going to come out of the woods and her proper position among her sister townships. Besides this general iropr ment, a select school was opened up in Centerville, in the fall of 1881, \v promises to be very successful. There are three villages in the township, which were once places of siderable importance, but, since the decline of the mills and factories, w gave them life, the once active and noisy streets have become silent and ah deserted, and the towns are all very quiet and inoffensive in their acter. The interest has been entirely transferred to the country, whose ri young men and women are the true bone and sinew of the township. Woodburn, in the northwestern part was once a place of considerable 1 ness capacity. Here the manufacturing company located their factory, and, i) palmy days of that establishment Woodburn carried on a brisk trade wifcl surrounding farmers. Besides the factory and private dwellings, the boasted of a tavern, familiarly known as “ Townsley’s Tavern,” a foundry machine shop and the calico printer’s establishment before referred to. a number of years, it also supported a good country store. The town was the outgrowth of the factory, for we find that the first were sold in May, 1818, two years after the organization of the company, present, there remains nothing to mark the place except a few dwelling-ln and a new brick church. Stringtown, in the southeastern part of the township, dates back to the same time, but never attained any particular importance, except as tl cation of David Miller’s tannery and a few shops of divers kinds. Thei mains of it at present its classical appellation and a few good farmer citi Centerville, about midway between Woodburn and Stringtown, receivi name from its location — being seven miles from Miamisburg, Springbon Ridgeville, nine from Dayton, Upper Shaker Village, Waynesville and F lin, and fourteen from Middietowm, Xenia, Lebanon and Lower Shaker A i It is located on the highest point between Lebanon and Dayton, on the vj shed of the Miamis. It dates earlier than either of the other places, and was probably lai for a town as early as 1805 or 1806. We know of lots having been sd 1808, and there was a town there at that time. In 1811, a store was 0 ] up on Main street, and since then Centerville has never failed to be v upon by one or more of the necessary emporiums of trade. It has been incorporated — once in 1830 and again in 1879. The first officials und| earlier incorporation were: Samuel S. Robbins, Mayor; Henry W. Kj Marshal; Robert G. McEwen, Clerk. These officers served some time w| WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 17 I ving a case, when the boys made up a pony purse and hired J oseph Beck to i d his horse on the pavement before the Mayor. A warrant was immediately iiiedby that functionary and the playful Joseph was arrested and lined 50 i its, the Mayor declaring with great gusto that order and the dignity of the cy should be preserved at all hazards. The first officials under the new in- cporation, which declares that Centerville is a hamlet, were: William Dodd, issident of the Council: W. H. Lamme, M. D., and S. G. Stewart, M. D., las tees ; Joseph Nutt, Clerk and Treasurer; Joseph Loy, Marshal. In 1812. as Gen. Harrison was marching north to retrieve the fortunes of ; ill, he passed through the town and encamped two miles to the north, on the vst side of the pike, a little to the southwest of Whip’s tobacco shed. As he came up from the south, he observed a girl making desperate efforts r mount a fractious colt, and, supposing the music was making matters worse her, he ordered it stopped. In the meantime, the girl had succeeded in runting and flew past like a shot, bareback and vigorously applying the birch, trike up,” shouted the General, “there is no danger of that girl’s being down.” When he came intq town, he ordered a halt, while he went into the ' el to inquire the name of the female equestrian and compliment her on her a'.'semanship. The girl’s name was Sallie Archer, afterward Mrs. Thomas I.vis. At the same time, one of Gen. Harrison’s soldiers, a Frenchman, discovered line fat cat basking in front of the tavern. Mrs. Archer, the owner of the cat, iring given him permission to take the cat with him, he immediately shot S Thomas, and, having skinned it, put it in his haversack. It is supposed llit he enjoyed a good roast that night. Centerville was once a place of some importance, but, like Woodburn and Singtown, began to grow old when the manufacturing interests were permitted 'ball into disuse. It has to-day a population of about 275, and supports one l goods store, three groceries, a meat-shop, two stone shops, three blacksmith sips, two wagon-makers, a hotel and a good post office. The health of its cit- As is looked after by W. H. Lamme and S. G. Stewart; its morals are attend- H’to by the Methodist Episcopal and Baptists, both Old and New School, un- i the leadership of Bev. Deem and Elders Thompson and AVilson. BAPTISTS. Copy of the article for the ground upon which the first meeting-house in Vshington Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, was built: We promis to pay or cause to be paid unto Aaron Nutt or Order the just and full sum ’ifteen Dollars and that in behalf of the Baptist church of Sugar Creek, it being a eom- i>wation for a lot purchased to build a Meeting House On and to be paid as follows. By } e Dollars in plank, three Dollars in Glass, one Dollar in a pare of I — L Hinges all to •> Delivered and paid to the said Nutt when the Meeting House is ready to receive them n Eight Dollars on or before the twenty -fifth day of December Next Insueing the (late ilsof as AVitnessOur Hands and 'Seals the first Day of June One Thousand Eight Hun- s' I and two. Note above characters represent the word Hook. Testis: John McIntosh. Benjamin Archek, [Seal.] Nathaniel Knotts. Deacons. The following credits appear on the above article without dates: Received Lt of the within bill; ditto $3.-J. Credit for 350 feet of plank. The church proceeded to build a house of worship, and empowered the "iding committee to pay for hewing the logs in country produce. The build - 'i of the house was contracted for £50, for which the contractor was to take " le or work, if paid within a specified time; if otherwise, it was to be paid 'pash, and said house to be ready for use by June 1, 1803. Some of the t 1 cheons for floor in said house are still in existence (February, 1882). The house being finished, a way through the wilderness must be prepared 18 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. for the scattered members and their friends to go up to the house of the Lo: Accordingly, committees were appointed to mark trees from the meetii house to Wilson’s and McGrew's settlements, each distant about live miles, opposite directions. Rev. Charles McDaniel, Baptist missionary, sent by English society, was the first minister in Washington Township. This chui was raised and constituted in 1799, under the labors of Elder Daniel Cla who was the only minister within many miles. As near as can now bo asc tained, as some records are lost, there were nine members — four males and 1 females. It was constituted in a private house of one of the members, an* printed covenant was adopted, which had been brought from Kentucky by c of the members. The first church meeting on record was held November 1799. Monthly meetings for business were then appointed, and these have c< tinned till the present time. The first addition was by letter, January 1, 18' and, in June following, was the first addition by baptism, Mary Etchasc Dr. John Hole was the first person baptized in Hole’s Creek, September 1801. In this year, the church united with the Miami Association. Early the present century, Elder Joshua Carman settled near this church, and, the 1st of January, 1802, the church employed him to preach a part of 1 time. In this year was the first subscription for the support of the Gosp When the church was organized, the country was a wilderness, the first sett ment not two years previous. Yet, before the close of 1802, her members! had increased twenty-one by letter and eight by baptism. Frequent cases discipline are mentioned, and the first exclusion is mentioned in March, 18l In April of this year, the church employed Elder John Mason to preach tw a month, till September, 1823. The first member regularly dismissed was 1800; first restoration in 1808; from then until 1811 the records are poo kept. In 1812, Elder Jacob Mulford was employed to preach once a mon till 1823 or 1824. In ISIS, an effort was made to build a new house of w ship of brick, but the effort failed. In 1824, Elder Hezekiah Stites was e ployed to preach one Sabbath in each month, and a subscription was raised be paid in sugar for part of his services. In 1827, Eider Samuel Catte: preached for the church a portion of the time. In 1830, they employed Elc Peter Webb as pastor, which relation he sustained till 1835. Purchased addition to the graveyard this year. In May, 1831, agreed to build a n house of worship. Brother Daniel Wilson was appointed agent and buildi committee; in 1832, the house was finished and committee discharged w id) c tire approbation and hearty thanks. January, 1836, called Elder "Robert M sildine to preach one-half the time, but, proving himself unworthy the cor dence reposed in him, he was dismissed. After September, 1836, preaching part of the time by different ministers — by Elder Muncier Jones, Brotl Orasmus Osgood and Brother Lewis Osborn, Elder William Sutton and Elc John Blodget. In April, 1842, Elder John Blodget was settled as pastor; October, his health failed and Elder Henry Ward was engaged until the paste health was restored; in 1852, the pastor closed his labors with the entire Elder Zelora Eaton employed to preach semi-monthly for six months. 1853, Elder Samuel Marshall employed one-half the time, till 1856. In Js nary, 1857, Brother Seth D. Bowker; with him the church made its first . rangement for preaching every Sabbath. In March, 1859, the church call Elder J. W. Weatherby to the pastorate; continued till 1865. H. Wai pastor from May 1, 1866, to May, 1868. John E. Craig, Jaunary 9, 1869, November, 1870. H. Ward, from July 1, 1871, to April, 1874. J. 0. Ar strong, from April 4, 1874, to May 15, 1876. Watson Dana, from Noveml 19. 1876, to May 15, 1878. J. H. Wilson since October 1, 1878. The present house of worship was built in 1871 and dedicated in 18 The above represents the New School Baptist Church. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 19 In reference to the above church, the following enactment of the Legisla- te is found : Feb. 4, 1815. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, that Beu- j.iiu Archer Aimer Gerard, and Edward Mitchel and their associates for the time being 1 an d they are hereby created and declared a body politic by the name of the Regular F otist called Sugar Creek, and as such shall remain and have perpetual succession, sub- iy, however, to such future alterations as the Legislature may think proper to make. OLD SCHOOL BAPTISTS. After the division of the Baptist Church, which, from the records, seems r iave been somewhere between 1821 and 1824, the two bodies were then tiwn respectively as Old and New School Baptist. The following are the res of the Elders who have served the Old School in Centerville from the ision to the present time: Elder Wilson Thompson, Jacob Mulford, Stephen id, Thomas Childers, Moses Frazee, Kingham, Elihu Moore, Samuel 'lliams (preached sixteen years), William Butler, John A. Thompson, Grigg Timpson, John M. Thompson (since January, 1877). About 1828. built a die meeting-house, which was occupied until a few years ago, when they sited a neat frame house. John A. Thompson preached the dedication ser- ial. Regular preaching the foru-th Sunday in each month and Saturday be- V • in Centerville. UNIVERSALISTS. The Universalists commenced preaching here about 1826 or 1827, the first ■ion by Jonathan Kidwell. in the old pioneer log meeting-house, after that itching sometimes in private houses, and quite frequently in the school- K 3 e; there they organized and prospered for many years, having regular aJings, the ministers full of zeal and full of debate. Elder Samuel Will- a 3, of the Old School Baptist, and Elihu Moore, Universal]' sc, had debate for las in the Baptist Church of Centerville; at the conclusion, both parties lined the victory. Jonathan Kidwell was said to be very generous to his op- >o;nts. After a sermon, it is said he would extend the privilege to any one i rent to make known their opposition to his doctrine. On one occasion in 'i >lo County, an old German rose up and said: “Mr, Kidwell, if your doe- n) ish true, we has got enough of it, and, if it ish not true, we wants no i® of it. ” And down he sat. ORTHODOX FR1EXDS. At an early date, Thomas Horner and four sons — John, David, Joseph n Jacob — with their families, all members of the Society of Friends, settled > lis township, and, for awliite. attended the Friends’ meetings in Wavnes- il. On New Year’s Day, 1816, Solomon Miller and family, from Pennsyl- i a, also Friends, moved into the neighborhood and a meeting- was soon or- a zed on Sugar Creek, one and a half miles southeast of Centerville. About J came Abijah Taylor and family and Goldsmith Chandler and family, 1 "Virginia. Then Amos Kinworthv, from Pennsylvania, and David Miller. 4 sunk a tanyard and built the brick house at the cross roads in Stringtown. in came Job Jennings and family, from New Jersey. Caleb Miller came G 1822 or 1823; Nathan Ballard about the same time; he was a cooper and is hop> was on the lot adjoining the township hall in Centerville, on the east u Later, came the Haines family, we think, from New Jersey; Paul Sears icamily, from North Carolina; Joseph and Solomon Hollingsworth, from n.nia. We are not certain about the Horners’ native State, but it is now ■fipsed to be North Carolina. Isaac Hasket came in at a later date, and was a,x ' the last member of the meeting, which is now entirely among the things l ‘ ia ire past. For years, monthly meetings were held alternately at Sugar 20 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. “Creek and Springboro. By 1860, meetings had about ceased, Isaac Hasket a the Sears family being the sole representatives of that once pleasant socie Hasket moved to Iowa. The Sears, with the exceptions of Charles and Ma: attached themselves to other societies. The old meeting-house, after its ab; donment as such, was occupied a few years as a dwelling, when it was burr down. Nothing now marks the spot but the old burying-ground. Thou Miller, son of the above-named Solomon, is a prominent minister in the Sect of Friends; residence, Springboro, Warren Co., Ohio. The writer, as well all acquaintances of James C. Anderson, will be surprised to learn that he v not a member; such is the case, he was not. WASHINGTON PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The earliest record that we have of the Washington Presbyterian Chu is a record of a congregational meeting, held November 29, 1813, Rev. Willi Robison, presiding, at which three trustees were chosen, viz., Jonathan M: ger, Edmund Munger and Ira Mead. On August 20, 1817, the first record a meeting of a church session occurred, constituted as follows: Ministers, h Grey, Rev. Burgess; Elders, Messrs, Tunis Vandevere, Zebulon Baird ; Fergus McClane. At this meeting, the following persons were admittec full membership: Noah Tibbals, Benjamin Maltbie, George Reeder, Pc< Reeder. Edmund Munger. Eunice Munger, Jonathan Munger, Elizabeth M ger. Seth Kellogg, Eunice Kellogg, Andrew Bailey and Olive Porter. At t meeting, the following persons were elected by the congregation Elders of church: George Reeder, Edmund Munger and Benjamin Maltbie. and. on . 31st of August, the same year, these Elders were ordained by the Rev. Hughs. At this period, it was the custom to hold two services on the»Si Sabbath, the people taking lunch with (hem. The records do not show wl the meetings were held, but most likely from house to house. Subsequen •out-door meetings became quite common, and a great many added to the dun this was especially true of a camp-meeting, which was held some time betw the years 1829 and 1833 or 1831, under the preaching of the Rev. Jdjhr Belville. recently deceased, one of the most talented and eloquent divine that day. He became the pastor of this church March 24, 1830, and contin in this office up to 1840; during this period, upward of 120 persons were ad to the church. The first division in the church seems to have grown out of ; sale of pews, part of the church being opposed to the plan, and, in eonseque several of the most liberal and efficient members withdrew or were disciple The next occasion of a division was the question of dispute in refen to doctrine, which ended in the split into Old and New School. A small nority of the members withdrew and made an attempt to organize a churcl the New-School doctrine, but did not succeed. The majority of the mem ! continued their adherence to the original organization, and the organiza has been kept up with varying success up to the present time. The orig plan was to build the church in Centerville, and $906 were raised by sabsc tion for this purpose. Subsequently, a subscription was started to. bail'd church at or near the high bridge, which succeeded in raising only $80, what they lacked in money they seem to have made up in energy, for we that they finally carried the point. This was a compromise; part of the j congregation lived at Miamisburg, and it was argued that the church ougl be located so as to accommodate both sections. So the church was located i the bridge. The records of this church show that near 400 names appej' upon its roll from its organization up to the present time. The first Sab school in this township was organized in this church. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 21 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The denomination which embraces the largest number of members in the wnship is the Methodist Episcopal, but, owing to the fact that they have :sver kept an official record, their history is somewhat curtailed in this work. The following facts, however, we are enabled to lay before our readers .rough the kindness of Mr. and Mrs. Abner Harris, who are members of the urch of long standing, and were acquainted with many of the earliest Meth- lists of the township. Mr. Harris himself is a native of the township and rs. Harris removed here from Kentucky in 1806. The first Methodist in the township was Henry Opdyke. whose cabin ood on the farm now owned by Mrs. Eleazer Williamson, three miles north - st of Centerville. At his cabin, in 1809, Eev. John Collins preached the 1st Methodist sermon in the township. He also organized a class-meeting, e first leader of which was Aaron Nutt, Jr. In this cabin Mr. Harris says. : witnessed a more exciting love feast than he has ever seen since. The jsetings were held here until Mr. Opdyke donated a lot to the congregation, pon which their ready hands and keen axes soon put up a log church. This is used for several years for public worship, but finally was permitted to be rn down, and was never rebuilt. The next church put up was a log building on land donated by Mathias .parson, about three miles south of Centerville, on the present Dayton & Leba- n pike. The date given to this church is 1813 or 1814, and the appointment is called Eehobeth. There was a good congregation here for those days, and. uong the members we note the following: Mathias Pearson. John Roberts, iomas Swift, Rhodes, Conley. The old log building was used for ijreral years, when it was torn down and a neat brick church erected in its cad. This church was continued to within the last few years, when it shared “0 same fate as its more humble predecessor. At present, there is no building the lot. Shortly after the establishment of Rehobeth appointment, David Watkins- • nated a lot for church proposes on the farm now owned by George Sears, i out three miles southeast of Centerville, on Sugar Creek. A log church was •so erected here and the appropriate name of Hopewell given to the appoint- bnt. It is worthy of note that, with the exception of the Presbyterians, every ''nomination has begun its evangelical work in this township in log build- igs. Hopewell, like Rehobeth, enjoyed several years of prosperity, but, like church at Opdyke’s, never passed into a second existence. The following !, 3 some of the members: David Watkins, Daniel Watkins. Jonathan Watkins, 'urge Watkins, James Proud and Jeremiah Allen. At the time of the establishment of the church in this township, Miami ficuit was under the control of the conference in Kentucky, by whom, in 10, the circuit was divided, the northern division retaining the old name of . ami, while the southern was called Union Circuit. At this time, services ’ r c held at the various appointments only once in every five or six weeks. 1 1811, Union and Miami Circuits were joined together, but this arrangement v s only continued until October 1, 1812, when Union was again set off by b conference at Chillicothe. The early Methodists were not wealthy, and, although they gave what % could to maintain the ministry, yet the remuneration was scarcely suffi- ; nt to support these apostles of Christ. That their pastorate was no sinesure 'll be seen by the following collections, taken at nine appointments in 1811: lion, $31.95; Xenia, $8.50; Campbell. $3; Baumgardner's, $2; Widow > kith’s, $3,374; Lebanon, $32.25; Dvche's. $1.18| ; Hasberger’s, $3.75; bud’s. $3.40; total, $89. 3 If 22 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. We are unable to give a complete list of the various ministers who ha been on this circuit, but some of the following names are yet familiar in mai Methodist households: Solomon Langdon, first Presiding Elder; Marcus Liu sey, Joseph Tatman, Moses Crutne and Jacob Miller, regularly ordained min ters, and Bennet Maxey, helper, in 1813 and 1814; Amos Sparks and Robe Burns, local preachers in 1816 and 1817. Among other names are the folio ing: John Strange, John Sale, John P. Durbin (afterward a Bishop), Russi Biglow, AVilliam Dixon, Arthur Elliott, Albert Goddard, George Maly, Mich: Marley. Hardy, Parson, — Sullivan. Brook. Previous to 1833, there was no church in Centerville, and their services ; to that time were held in the schoolhouse and the Baptist Church. In t summer of that year, a stone building was erected, which continued to be us. for divine services until 1867, when a brick building, costing $12,000, wasp up in its stead. Since then, a fine two-story frame parsonage has been erect on the church lot. At present, the church is in a flourishing condition, and under the spirit:' guidance of Rev. Reuben K. Deem. CONCLUSION. Many changes have taken place in the township since its first settleme: and especially within the last few years, the spirit of progress has taken p: session of the people. The old log huts of our pioneer forefathers have lo been torn dowm; the buildings erected in their stead have also been slupt S9ded; moderately good houses have been remodeled and refitted, and to d; attractive and even elegant dwellings adorn and beautify every road. The o log stables and rail corn-pens have passed from sight, and in their stead i find that commodious barns and well-ai’ranged granaries have sprung up as by magic on every farm. And not these conveniences alone has the farmer c tained, which serve to make life pleasant and agreeable when indoors, but keeps fully up with the spirit of the age in the matter of machinery to light: labor. The old sickle has been hung up, the cradle has been laid away a: the most improved self-binder is seen ready oiled in the barn of every farm: Everything is done with neatness and dispatch, and, as a consequence, he 1: more time to attend to those little matters of improvement which make up t! grand total of our development. These things show no place more plainly in the relative valuation of lai now and seventy or eighty years ago. In 1804, Aaron Nutt paid, on the l 1 acres of the north end of his half-section of land, a tax of 50 cents. A f< years later, he sold the land for $4 per acre. The present owner of the sar land, Benjamin Davis, paid $140 per acre for it, and his tax for 1880 amount to $70.04. Not only private but public improvement is rife among her citizens. T churches have been overhauled, repainted, refitted or rebuilt without except! in the last few years. The Methodists led off in this line by putting up a fi brick building in 1867. Since then, both Baptist Churches have follow their example, and the New School have added also a parsonage. In 1879, the Trustees of the township submitted the question of a tov hall to the voters, and, with an overwhelming majority, they responded ‘*Ae: The building was erected in 1880, and is quite a model for neatness and sen 1 de arrangement. The T. , D. & B. R. R. passes through the township one mile east of Ce terville, and a side track has been graded from this road to the stone quarry John E. Allen. This quarry has been leased to a Xenia man, and it is e pected to take out 400 perch of stone daily as soon as the road is in success! operation. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 23 Statement of Mi\ Joseph Manuel as to the quality and quantity of stone in .ashington Township. He is at present and has been a worker in stone for a riod of forty-five years ; he has worked in many different quarries, so that his i inion is a valuable one. He says the basis of our limestone is the Hudson lift, or blue limestone. The next is the Clinton formation, or coral rock, •med in salt water. The next is the Niagara group. Our stone, he says, is a superior quality to any limestone formation, and the reason why, its base formation is the crystal of lime, formed by pressure and heats. As to its lauty, it is susceptible of the finest polish; the color is a bright gray; it will j lish like glass. For durability, no superior. To resist pressure, it cannot I, battered. It will resist all the effects of frost or water. The above stone , i here, not merely by the load or perch, but by the acre. The stripping is i'ht compared with other quarries in the county, generally from two to six fit stone are then taken out of any desirable thickness or length. Mr. Manuel ;|/s there are 5,600 perch to the acre. Upon his lot, about one-half an acre which he is quarrying stone from, in the last twenty years, with his labor ■ ded, he has sold not less than $5,000 worth of stone. The following statement from W. H. Lamme, M. D. : The situation of Washington Township is generally elevated, except the southwest corner, where t> tributaa’ies of Hole’s Creek take their rise, and a small strip of the western p-t of the township, which lies alongside of Hole’s Creek, which creek trav- ges the entire length of that part of the township. The summit land between t > Great and Little Miami Rivers, is in the center of the township, about vere the town of Centerville lies. From the absence of large streams, we are i: subject to fogs, as they are upon the river bottoms; nor are we subject to tjj ague,* although fever’s of a malarious and epidemic character often prevail (ring the autumn season of the year. What is known as goitre, or enlarge- nt of the thyroid glands of the neck, commonly called big neck by the peo- i, seems to prevail to an unusual extent in this township. No cause has ever I m assigned for this. The temperature, both winter and summer, does not Aerially differ from that of the river bottoms, although vegetation is usual - ! two weeks or more later here than they are there — a circumstance which i nore attributable to soil than location. We have a subsoil of clay, while >y have one of gravel. ! 24 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. GERMAN TOWNSHIP.* r JHHIS rich and populous district is situated in the southwest corner of Mon JL gomery County. It adjoins on its west side Pi’eble County, on its sou side Butler and Warren Counties, on the east Miami Township, and on il north Jackson and Jefferson Townships. It embraces a territory of thirt seven sections and a fraction of a section, and, according to the last offici census, contains a population of 3,451. In the spring of 1803, shortly aft the law took effect by which Montgomery County ’ was formed, the Assccia Judges of the County Court established' the four original townships of tl county — Washington, German, Dayton and Elizabeth. German Township included all of the territory west of the Miami River the State line, parallel to and two or three miles south of the present southei boundary of Miami County. On the 10th day of June, 1805, the records rea “German Township, bounded at present by the Miami River on the oast, Butl County on the south, the line east of third range on the west, and the nor’ side of first tier of sections in south side of third township, fifth range, ai fourth township, foiu’th range, as the north boundary line, elections to be he at Philip Gunckel’s Mill, on Twin Creek.” At a session of the County Cod missioners, February 3, 1806, it was ordered that two tiers of sections on t] south side of Jefferson Township be attached to German on the north. Man 7, 1809, a portion of German was added to Jefferson; and upon the erection ■ Jackson Township, December 7, 1814, the lines were again changed, and part of German used in the formation of that township. Thus the lines on tl north, south and west have remained up to the present; but, March 7, 183 about ten full sections were cut off its eastern portion to form a part of Miai Township, and the section line between Sections 4 and 5, Township 2, Rant 5, became its eastern boundary. Big Twin Creek divides German Township into tw'o nearly equal part passing across its territory from northwest to southeast. It has two classes < lands — uplands and bottom lands. The latter are situated in the valleys of tl streams, and constitute about one-third of its soil, while the former he on tl elevated parts of the township, are less productive, and hence also less va uab than the bottom lands. The average value of uplands is $50 per acre; that bottom lands, $100. The surface of the uplands is rolling, and their soil yellow-brown clay, producing all the cereals, fruit and tobacco. The botto lands are level, their soil a black alluvial mold of vegetable origin and vei productive. This township is well watered, having many fine springs and number of good streams, among which are the two Twins, Shawnee Creel Dry Run and Mud Lick. Timber is still sufficiently abundant, consisfcin mainly of maple, oak, beech and poplar. A great deal of fine walnut existe here at one time, but it has now almost entirely disappeared. Thousands < tall, smooth trees of it have been felled, cut up for firewood, split into fenc rails, or appropriated to other similar purposes. TWIN VALLEY. Twin Yalley derives its name from two streams, one of which is calk Big Twin, and the other Little Twin, and the junction of these streams into or *The history of German Township was prepared by the publishers, from an elaborate manuscript furnished by tl Rev. J. P. Flentz, of Germantown, Obio. GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 25 a’ Germantown has given them the name of Twins. From Germantown, the i ted stream continues in its course southward for the distance of about six lL es, and then empties into the Miami River. Taking the mouth of the Twin ; i: ;h6 starting-point, and proceeding along its course to Germantown, thence T ut two miles more along both of its branches, we pass through the entire Tin Valley and reach its northern terminus. The valley itself is formed of d! bottoms contiguous to the Twins and the hills by which they are inclosed, i) is from one to two miles in width. Underneath the outer soil of this val- b there is found a deposit of gravel from one to three feet in thickness which ■gates as an underdrainer, as well as furnishing cheap material for making ■(id roads. In addition to their natural fertility, these bottom lands possess h advantage, that they do not suffer as much as other lands from a want or a cbrabundance of rain, and produce whether the summer season be wet or dry -ivantages seldom found combined, and which give these lands their chief vale. Two miles south of Germantown, upon a high bluff overlooking the aby, are found the remains of an ancient fort, covering a space of about ,vity-five acres. The trees that but recently grew on it have been cut down, r its site forms a part of a well-cultivated farm. By means of the plow and sow, its embankments have been reduced to a level with the adjoining sur- a , so that, to the eye of the casual observer, not much remains to be seen of h once vast inclosure, yet there is enough left to trace all its outlines, ire are many similar works in Southwestern Ohio, but who were their build- R what use and purpose did they subserve? and what is their age? are ques- ics which are difficult — perhaps impossible — of solution. The geology of v valley is likewise highly interesting. Beneath its soil, on the hillsides, is bestone rock of animal origin and a marine deposit. It is simply a con- i ation of shell animals (Mollusks) that live in the ocean. The shells in li fossil rock are as well and clearly defined in form and outline as any shell b y thrown up by the waves from the ocean bottom. There is the greatest nj.ty of species of them, and one may count a dozen or two varieties in a rock e size of a man’s hand. The gravel deposit of this valley affords no less it est than its fossil rock, a handful of its sand or pebbles containing at least d en different kinds of rocks, coming from formations which are far removed e one another. These pebbles are rounded off to almost the regularity and a tkness of marbles, giving evidence of having been subjected to friction, u ips by being carried great distances by some unknown process or catastro- and large bowlders are found lying on the outside surface, which have ' .brought here from great distances. Here, then, in this valley, upon Its ' d ides and fields aud by its streamlets, both the antiquarian and the geolo- * vill find a promising field of research and study. GERMANTOWN. Germantown is situated in the Twin Yalley, with Little Twin Creek on its ide, and Big Twin on its west and south sides, being in the forks of these r| ns. It was laid out by Philip Gunckel, who, on the 4th day of October. G certified that the plat as recorded was correct. The first sale of lots oc- October 21, 1814, and the second sale November 15, 1815. It was •1 Germantown because the people who built up the town and lived around f e Germans. Howe, in his “ Historical Collections of Ohio,” says “ Ger- n iwn was named from Germantown, Penn.,” but in this he is mistaken; the n was given for the reason just stated. Its site, as well as its sur- fings, are in a high degree beautiful. The valley immediately around H Yn is on almost all sides inclosed by hills, which are in large part cov- " iet | ) y trees, forming a forest- crowned wall, presenting a very pleasing pict- 26 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. are.* The town is regularly laid out; its streets are wide, well graded and m adamized. The climate is most salubrious, the drainage admirable, malark diseases unknown, and the health of the people excellent. The post office v established in October. 1818, Peter Shaeffer being the first Postmaster. G mantown has no railroad, but has, nevertheless, good railroad facilities means of omnibus lines to the C., H. & D. and C., C. , C. & I., at Carlisle g Miamisburg, which points are each but four miles distant. The town posses good public buildings ; the schoolhouse is a very substantial, three-stor structure, overlooking the valley, containing twelve rooms, four on each He the Town Hall is an edifice that would do credit to a much larger town; g the armory, originally built for an academy, engine house and prison, are quite new, capacious and attractive. There are four churches of good arc tectural style, some of them finished and furnished with taste and elegan The town also has what many large places lack — a public park, contain; about five acres of ground, which has been but recently laid out. Germanfco has at present three dry goods stores, four grocery stores, two hardware, t furniture, two tin and stove stores, a number of other mercantile establishme possessed by such towns, three hotels and one banking house. The Exck;u !i Bank was established by Col. John Stump, and did business a few years, wl it was merged into the First National Bank of Germantown, which was org ized July .18, 1868, by Christian Rohrer, William Gunckel, John Stump, J< F. Kern and others, beginning business September 1 of that year, with a ca tal of $50,000, which has since been increased to $75,000. John F. Kern i; elected President, and John Stump, Cashier; the former serving as Presid! of the bank until January 10, 1882, when he resigned, and was succeeded ,j Joseph W. Shank. Col., Stump was succeeded as Cashier by J. H. Cross, vl was elected January 16, 1869; began his duties February 1 of that year, wlf position of trust and confidence he has filled up to the present. During m;| years, the German was the only language spoken among the people of it town, but the English language has almost entirely supplanted it as a inedi of social and business intercourse. • ( sunsbubv. I Sunsbury is but a small village of about forty dwellings; is separaj from Germantown by a space of .about a quarter of a mile, and is located rectly south of the latter town, on the Carlisle & Germantown piko. It very old place, being the first point settled in German Township, and f<| number of years was the only village or place of business in the Twin Val It was not, however, platted until March 18, 1825, according to the cod records. Its people form, to some extent, a community by themselves, yet t. interests are largely identified with those of the people of Germantown. £ though small in size and population, some of the most prominent men in township have lived here, such as the Emericks, Catrows and Liggets. It never given much prospect of growth, and to-day has no more houses tka had forty years ago. and is beginning to show its age by its external appj a nee. EAKLY SETTLEMENT. ii German Township has had two classes of settlers, who have succeeded! another, the first of whom were the squatters, who remained but a few ve and the second the pioneers, who stayed and became the permanent occupj of the soil. The squatter period begins with the year 1798, and ends with year 1804. Previous to the former period, the Indians held undisputed a; in the Twin Valley, and lingered here with fond attachments even after. i croaching civilization had robbed them of their means of support. As lati 1804, the Shawnees had a town on Shawnee Creek, on land now adjoin GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 27 Lsbury, from which tribe that stream takes its name, and it is said of Torny vlbuck, who was one of their number, that, for a long time, he utterly refused .save the country. He built nimself a hut on the west side of the Big Twin, in- the site of Conovers Mill, and for years no amount of persuasion could a e him to abandon the land of his birth and the scenes of his earlier years; r when at last he yielded to the inevitable fate of his race and concluded to u'e on westward, he did so with great reluctance only, and left very sad and U icted. The first white settlers came to this township in the year 1798, from Ken- icy, but they were not all natives of that State; perhaps but few of them up. Some were natives of Pennsylvania, others of Maryland, "Virginia and hth Carolina. The names of some of these people have been preserved, and ■as follows: Benjamin Smith, James Griffith, John Pauly, William Cutler, aes Hatfield, Robert Hardin, Lickum Hardin, James Hardup, James Porter, .i’ge Worthington, Samuel Hawkins (who had been a Colonel in the Revo- ll'.nary army, and was a man of superior intelligence), John Winegardner, 7 iam Polk, John Bundaker, Richard Brown, John Herman, William East- ol, Eden Hardin, John Cutler, Martin McGrea, Nathaniel Lyon, Conrad ; i e, Anthony Richard and Abraham Hartzel. These people were not actual ■r urs, but squatters only, but as soon as the land was ottered for sale, some ii based. Many were too poor, and had not the means to buy, whilst others ii the means, but were not willing to purchase and to remain. These, as >i as circumstances permitted or necessity impelled, moved away and made k for those who became actual settlers. The land upon which Germantown i: subsequently laid out was entered and owned by James Hatfield and Rob- tlardin, who sold it to Philip Gunckel in the year 1804, at the price of $10 ■! :cre. On the west side of this were two tracts, each of sixty acres. The north cme (now the site of the park and armory) was entered by James Porter, u he southern by Ahraham Hartzel, the latter of whom lived on the spot at ■ nt occupied by the residence of Lewis Stump. Both these tracts were i j ujiased by Leonard Stump and combined into one farm. Porter owned also o I’ act of land to the west of this, which later passed into the possession of i amEmerick. All west of this last, as far as Twin Creek, was entered by Con- 1 lisele, George Worthington entering the land north of Germantown, known * as the George Emerick place. John Winegardner never owned any land, ■ ved on a tract now the property of the Kemps, on the Dayton pike, which long time was called the “Winegarden,” in imitation of its first occupant’s >• Anthony Richard lived east of town, on the east side of Little Twin. I Bundaker owned George S. Gebhart’s farm on Dry Run, and John Har- ithe farm of Jacob Brunner, on the same run. None of the uplands T entered by these first comers, and not even all the bottom lands were ■' up by them. Richard Brown lived on the run that now bears his name, lifter v?hom it was called. Brown’s Run was then confined to a narrow h: el, and the bottoms adjoining it were quite as good as those of the Twin G; but when the timber along its banks w r as cut down, the stream began Gen until the rich surface soil of its bottoms was entirely washed away. t niel Lyon is the only one of all these people who remained here perma- II '• He owned the land adjoining Germantown on the northwest, lived in wn to the day of his death, and was buried in the Lutheran Grave- ■ ai '0j Recently, when the workmen were widening the street on which this ■ a 'ury joins, Mr. Lyon’s grave fell into the street, and his body was re-in r, j the same burial-place, a marble slab marking the spot where now his 1 a; , ls repose. These first settlers are said to have been a quiet, orderly and 28 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. peaceable class of people, and, religiously, were mostly of the Baptist, pen sion; at least, the only minister who labored among them, the Rev. Mr. 1 was a Baptist preacher. They ei’ected a house of worship on the farm 1 owned by Christopher Emerick. It stood in the w T oods on the hill, was a structure, and was never quite finished. The second class of settlers have sc times become the permanent occupants and owners of the soil, and this 1 pened to be the case in German Township. But in many instances, these 1 again sold out, and a third class only have come to remain. The first of the second class of settlers were principally from Berks Con Penn., who, later, were re-enforced from the same and other States. In 1' Philip Gunckel, Christopher Emerick, David Miller and George Kern, all fives of Berks County, Penn., came to Ohio on a prospecting tour. After v ing different localities, they concluded to purchase land about sixty miles of Cincinnati, on Bull’s Skin Creek, near its junction with the Ohio River. Gunckel was a miller by trade, and, in the selection of land, aimed to seen site for a mill, and the others deferred to Mr. Gunckel’s judgment in tbeij lections of land. The four contracted for 1,000 acres on this stream, from agent of a Virginian named Bedford, which land was a part of the Virjj Military Survey. They started for Virginia to see Bedford and secure i him deed and title of the land which they had bought from his agent, bul an-ivi ng at the man's residence, they found that he was dead, and the exec lived 150 miles further off. They therefore abandoned the project of settiin; Bull's Skin, and returned to Pennsylvania, still, however, with the intentio moving to Ohio. Their glowing account of the beauties of this State creat. “Western fever” in their locality, and twenty- four families concluded to ; out and move to Ohio during the following spring, all of whom were na" of Berks County, Penn., although a few were then living in Center Count the same State. They set out on their westward journey in the spring of 1 1 met at Pittsburgh, as previously agreed upon, where they loaded their w;i; and goods upon flat-boats, and. with their families, floated down the Oh Cincinnati, arriving at that town June 20, 1804. From there they wer Reading, a hamlet not far from the former place, where they tarried a night, considering what to do or whence to direct their steps. A few f< employment and remained; the rest continued their journey toward the n< intending to locate in the Miami Valley, of •which they had heard, but wit special objective point in view, trusting rather to fortune and the guidam providence. Passing through the Miami A^alley, they were delighted wit-1 country which they saw. Anally arriving at “ Hole's Station,” near which 1 a wealthy German farmer named Alexander Nutz, whom they were very gk meet, for he spoke their own tongue. They encamped on his farm, and weather being warm and pleasant, they took up their abode in the woods, w| they lived in wagons and temporary huts for about two weeks. Mr. Gunckel was looked upon by these people as their leader, being a of superior intelligence, and the only person among them who spoke the glisli language with any degree of fluency; therefore, they were inclined 1 ;h low his fortunes, and locate wherever he did. He explored the countrji miles around, and finally concluded to settle on Big Twin Creek, within present corporate limits of Germantown, and the rest of the colony ma< their minds to locate around him. Mr. Gunckel was influenced in this d tion by the fact that the stream afforded a good mill site, as it was Ins iij tion to erect a mill as soon as properly settled. Those who followed Mr. Gum leadership crossed to the west bank of the Miami River, traveled on k direction of Twin Creek, which they reached August 1, 1804; and her the side of this stream, they rested as the end of a long and wearisome GERMAN TOWNSHIP. . 29 k, and here was now their future home. The earlier settlers who lived in ,b valley were ready to sell out to the Pennsylvanians, and those of the latter ,v|i had the means at once purchased land, while a few found unentered Gov- ment land and secured that. Before winter set in, the newly arrived imini- , -cits had secured land, built their cabins and begun the battle of life in the n,nitive forest of the Twin Yalley. Such was their enterprise and industry 1 j they did more for the improvement of the country in one year than their alecessors had done in half a dozen of years, and at the end of twelve Liiths, they had attained such a condition of independence and thrift that v t or suffering - was unknown among them. Religiously, they were either jherans or Reformed, and in those days it used to be said that all the differ- •V 3 between the two denominations was that in the Lord’s Prayer, the one said iter IJnser and the other IJnser Vater,” hence there was little occasion for 1 nation between them. After the first arrivals, came others, and the immi- i .ion hither continued steadily, so that in 1S08, German Township was pretty akly populated, and the land in the entire township, excepting some swampy it, ions, had been entered and occupied. The following are the names of be heads of families who came to this valley from Pennsylvania in the 1804 copy, some of whom, however, settled outside the present limits of German L’cnship : Philip Gunckel, Christopher, John and William Emerick (who to brothers), George Kiester, Jacob Bauer, George Moyer, John Gunckel vio subsequently returned to Pennsylvania), John and Christopher Shuppert, Yr Gebhart, George Stettler and his five sons, William, Henry, Daniel, flfge and Jacob, John Barlet, Abraham Puntius and George Ivern (who came iit them as far as Cincinnati, where he remained two years, coming to this 0 iship in 1806). There were twenty-four families of them when they started in Pennsylvania, but they did not all get to the Twin Yalley. Some dropped fin their way hither and settled elsewhere, while others remained so short a in that they cannot be claimed as pioneers of this valley. The names of ail i have been omitted from the above list, and those alone appear who became c al settlers. The people who came to this valley between the years 1804 and 1808 were, vii perhaps a few exceptions, natives of Germany, or of German descent, most 1 hem belonging to the latter class hailing from Pennsylvania, while a few as from Maryland and other States; but wherever they came from, they were ! f the same stock of people, and may all be ranked under the general category ' 'ennsylvania Germans. These pioneers were well adapted for the life which it had chosen, being brave and adventurous in spirit, and strong and healthy | tody. They were true and hardy sons of the soil, relishing sport no less ; u labor and adventure. BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF PIONEERS. THE GUNClvELS. Philip Gunckel, in his day more familiarly known as Judge Gunckel, was tive of Berks County, Penn., born April 7, 1766. When yet a man young I 2ars , he went to reside in Center County, in the same State, from where he <;a p t° Ohio. He was a man of intelligence, enterprise and activity, of clear < j bight and shrewd business capacity. He brought some money with him to k State, which he invested judiciously, thus laying the foundation of future 'Oh. In purchasing his land, he saw the advantages of its location, and in h' began the erection of a mill, which was finished in 1806, and this was k nucleus of the future town, which he laid out in 1814, and was the first ‘Ronly mill for many years in a district of maoy miles in extent. By means 30 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. of the income derived from this mill, the proceeds realized from the salt town lots, and from other good investments, he soon accumulated a k amount of property, so that in his day he was the wealthiest man in Gera Township. For a number of years, he served as Associate Judge of the Co of Common Pleas; was also chosen as a delegate to one of the constitutio conventions of Ohio, and served one term as a Representative in the State L islature. In all these positions he acquitted himself with honor to hims and his constituents. He was, moreover, a leader in all the more import public movements of his township and county. Many improvements were s ported by him, and, by the aid of his influence, brought to a successful iss Providence had bestowed upon him a sound body and a vigorous mind, and them he made the best possible use which his circumstances permitted hi As a citizen and an official, he has done more than any other man of his ti in his community to promote the interest and prosperity of this section country. Mr. Gunckel was a member of the Reformed Church, yet favored 8 aided other denominations in securing places of worship in his town. He \ married thrice, but left no issue except by his first wife. This lady’s maic name was Catharine Schaeffer, and she was the mother of eight children, these, John, Michael, Catharine, Philip, Jacob and Sarah were born in Pe) sylvania, whilst David and Elizabeth were born in Ohio. Catharine beca the wife of Lewis Shuey; Sarah was married to Henry Zellers, and Elizafi to Dr. C. G. Espich. The most prominent among his descendants of the pr ent generation are William Gunckel, banker, and Lewis B. Gunckel, atton at law and ex-Member of Congress, both residents of Dayton, Ohio. Mr. Gunckel’s wife Catharine; was born in Berks County, Penn., July 1760, and died August 2, 1836, he surviving about twelve years, and dyi May 24, 1848. The remains of both were buried in the Lutheran Graveyf in Germantown, but subsequently exhumed and re-interred in the Gemanr.o Cemetery, where their resting-place is marked by a marble tombstone. Daniel Gunckel was a brother of Philip's, and came to this township 1811; was a man of rather retired disposition and quiet habits of life; bt and operated a fulling-mill on Mud Lick, where at present stands the disi lery of David Rohrer. He was a member of the Reformed Church, but chan 'sister of his first wife. The Shueys of Montgomery County, of whom there ■ x, great many, are descended from these two — Martin and Lewis. ANDREW ZELLER. Andrew Zeller, the founder of the Zeller connection in this county, was 1 A in Berks County, Penn., and came to this township in 1805, settling on !l one mile to the north of Germantown, where he resided until the day of t-leath. In Ohio, he identified himself with the United Brethren Church, T' became a Bishop of that denomination. His home was for many years 'headquarters of the followers of Otterbein in this part of Ohio, and his de- ~ ’Gants are numerous and respected people. 34 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. •TORN CASPER STOEYER. John Casper Stoerer, the patriarch of the name in German Township, \ born in Dauphin (now Lebanon) County, Penn., and in 1806 came to the T; Valley, and then already an old man. There came with him his three so Frederick, Casper and John, all of whom were at that time heads of famili and all settled in German Township, where they spent the balance of tl days. Casper lived on a farm on the Dayton pike, about, one mile from G mantown; Frederick’s farm was about one mile further to the northeast; wi John purchased a farm on the Little Twin, where his son Samuel now resit The father of these three died at the residence of his son Casper, at an vanced age, and was buried in the Lutheran Graveyard at Germantown, which church the family were, and are to-day. members. JONATHAN LINDAMUTII. Jonathan Lindamuth came to this township with his father-in-law, chael Emerick, in 1806, and secured land one mile west of Germantown, u] which he lived and died. Fie reared a large family, consisting of nine s and two daughters; two of the former settled in Darke County, Ohio; the i all settled about Germantown. He was one of the founders of the Luthe congregation in Germantown, and his remains are buried in the Luthe Graveyard. GEORGE COLEMAN. George Coleman was here on a visit in 1806; entered land and went b to Pennsylvania. In 1809, he returned to this township, bringing his fan with him, aDd settled on his land, which lay about one mile northeast of G 1 mantown. He was a member of the Lutheran Church, and was the father j* seven children, all of whom are still living. FREDERICK KIMMERLING, SR. Frederick Kimmerling, Sr., resided in Frederick County, Md . previ to his removal to Ohio in 1808. In that year, with his family, consisting his wife and four children, he located on a farm adjoining George Colema which became his future home. His son Frederick inherited the place, also spent his life here, dying February 15, 1880, at the age of seventy years. Both the father and son were Lutherans. THE SCHAEFFERS. The only family of this name who can be called pioneers are the child of Peter and Catharine Schaeffer, of whom there were eight,- viz. , Mrs. Pk Gunckel, Mrs. George Boyer, Mrs. Pressler, Jacob, Michael, Peter, John Henry, all born in Pennsylvania, and all came to German Township and c here. The daughters came out in 1804 and 1805; the sons, not until at 1814. John and Henry became farmers; Jacob was a wagon maker, and resi in the town; Michael built the Schaeffer Hotel, which was afterward kepi) his son George; Peter was an able man. taught school, practiced law, wa; first Postmaster of Germantown, and served in the war of 1812, and his wici who is still living, receives a pension from the Government for his service that struggle. The mother of this family has a very romantic, history, hai been captured by the Iadians when about seven years old. and held a cap for seven years. She was adopted by the tribe, and assigned as servant tc old Indian chief, who was no longer able to follow the chase. She was finj recaptured by some whites, who were building a boat not far from the IncJ camp, one of whom took her to an Eastern city, educated and supported hej his own child until she reached womanhood. She wrote a letter about this GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 35 , here she supposed her early home had been, addressing the same to her fa- i . who, with her little sister, had been captured at the same time, but sub- i.ently released, her mother having been brained by an Indian for resisting licapture of her little ones. To her great joy, she received an answer to her -t r, sought out her father, and again, after many years’ separation, became hof his household. Soon afterward, she married Peter Schaeffer, and bore i eio-ht children. Her husband died in Pennsylvania, after which she lived her daughter, Mrs. George Boyer, and removed with that family to the vi Valley in 1805. During her captivity, she learned the Indian language, - ell as the medicinal properties and uses of herbs and roots, and always i. practiced the .healing art,. She died August 16, 1818, in the seventy-third ■I of her life, and her remains are resting in the Lutheran Graveyard in Ger- , a own, to which denomination she ever tendered a loving fealty. The num- 4f descendants of Mrs. Catharine Schaeffer cannot, by this time, fall far c of one thousand, for at least five hundred of the people of Germantown descended from her. With this closes the chapter of pioneer sketches. A few more families •e nown to have come to this township during this early period, such as the ttees, Oldf athers and Cottermans, but nothing more has been learned of them e writer than their names. To the pioneers of this valley is owing a great ; and hence their memory should be gratefully cherished. The people who psent live in the Twin Valley have many reasons to be thankful to a kind •c dence, who has cast their lot in so favorable an age and such a pleasant ! y. CHURCHES. Che people who settled in German Township between the years 1804 and 1 were, with few exceptions, Lutherans and German Reformed, who erected i; is kn own as “ union churches,” and worshiped in the same building, epus to 1809, there was no regularly organized congregation in German ' ship, but there had been preaching and other pastoral work performed 'siting ministers. In the year 1809, the Lutherans and Reformed organ - • iihemseives into an association, purchased ground for a building and iward horn Philip Gunckel, who, together with William Emerick. Leonard isp and Jacob Weaver, were chosen by the members of both congregations a kidding Committee, the Trustees of the property being Casper Stoever T'eter Recher, to whom the ground was deeded in trust for both churches, graveyard was open to all religious creeds, but a suicide or a criminal nl not find burial there. The articles of union were signed July 30, 1809. h to following members of both congregations: ’asper Stoever, Sr., Philip Gunckel, Peter Recher, Conrad Eisele, Jacob Hi, Leonard Stump, William Emerick, Jacob Schwank. Michael Emerick, 1 n Stoever, George Boyer, George Gener, Frederick Stoever. Jonathan Lind- a, William Emerick, Jr., Christopher Emerick, John Gunckel, John Em- 4 Martin Shuey, Henry Holler, Michael Gunckel, Casper Stoever, -Jr. he church was a log structure, was finished in 1810 at a cost of $500, and 11 ! few yards to the southwest of the present Lutheran Church. During fet few years, the congregations were ministered to by no regular pastors, 1815 the Reformed people called to their pastorate the Rev. Thomas firs, and about rhe same time the Lutherans were supplied with a minister 4 person of the Rev. John Casper Dill. From that date to the present, b ■ongregations have been regularly served by pastors of their own creed : 4 jioice. This union between these two chinches continued for about ; D years, each using the building every alternate Sabbath, but the audience " ' ' va ys the same, the Lutherans attending the Reformed services, and the 36 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY . Reformed the Lutheran. In the course of time, this log building erectec 1810 became too small, and in 1818 Judge Gunckel undertook to erect, at own expense, a large and commodious brick structure at the west end of } ket street, of which he sold one-half to each denomination, to be used by tl as a church. It was not finished until 1828, and in that year both abando the old log structure for the more roomy and modern one, which stood no; on the same site as the present Reformed Church. In the year 1830. ai understanding occurred between Judge Gunckel and the Lutheran comm tion, and the latter abandoned this church, went back to their old plae worship, and soon thereafter erected a new building. By this act, Hie congregations were finally separated so far as worship was concerned, but 1 still held the one acre of ground purchased of Judge Gunckel as common pi erty, and this joint ownership continued up to the year 1879, when an ag ment was reached by which the Lutherans became sole owners of this grot The Reformed Church of Germantown . — This congregation was organ about the year 1809. Previous to this time, however, there had been di' services conducted in private houses throughout this whole valley. The guage then, and for many years thereafter, used, was the German. Am the early Reformed ministers who thus labored here are found the name Jacob Christman and John Jacob La Rose. The former came to Ohio f North Carolina, some authorities say as early as 1803, while others cla later period as the time of his arrival. There are certificates of baptism ex signed by him which bear the date of 1806, so that it appears he must come to this State in or before this year. He resided in Clear Creek T< ship, Warren County, Ohio, and is reputed to have been the first German; formed minister in this part of the State. He died in 1810, aged sixty j years. The Rev. La Rose having settled in Miami Township, close to “Hi Station,” a ske ch of him will be found in the history of that township. Whilst hus pastoral work was performed during the earliest years o settlement of the Twin Valley among the Reformed, it was not until 1815 the congregation in Germantown enjoyed the ministrations of a regularlj tied pastor. In this year, they called the Rev. Thomas Winters, who was in the State of Maryland in the year 1778. His parents were native Goriii 1 Avho immigrated to the colonies and found a home in Maryland, that coloi religious liberty founded by the Calverts, a noble Catholic family of Engl Mr. Winters came to Ohio in 1809 and located in Greene County where h some preaching, but served no regular charge, having no organized eong tion under his care. From Greene he moved to Montgomery County, and for awhile in the vicinity of Dayton, and soon after this was called to the torate of the Germantown charge. He had received license to preach the pel from the Rev. Otterbein, who is generally regarded as the founder o United Brethren denomination, but, inasmuch as the constitution of the maatown congregation required its pastor to be a regularly ordained mu and a member of the Reformed Synod, he was obliged to seek ordinatioi apply for membership in this body, and for this purpose had to repair to 1 sylvania. He was licensed to preach by the said synod, whilst convem Eastern Pennsylvania, in the year 1815, and was ordained by the same bo 1819, during its convention in this year at Lancaster, Penn. Pastor W t took charge of the Germantown Church in the fall of 1815, but. like a ministers of his day in this Western country, served a large field. He pre .in Germantown, and in the Slifer Church in Montgomery County, at Creek in Warren County, at West Alexandria and Lewisburg in Preble Cc and at Beaver Creek in Greene County, his labors extending over four cou and his parishioners were scattered over all this vast space of territory. GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 37 \ ances over which he had to travel to reach his preaching-points were very hat, sometimes forty and fifty miles removed from one another, and his trav- ] g was all done on horseback. By reason of these facts, the labors of Mr. 'Inters were very arduous, and left him but little leisure for reading and ylv; but, notwithstanding these disadvantages, he acquired a large stock of (t wledge and became a well-informed theologian. He was a man of tact and njd practical sense, had made human nature a study, and had acquired the q of influencing and controlling men. He also had the natural gift of lan- _ige, did not lack for words, and clothed his thoughts in graceful and digni- lit phrase. By means of these gifts and acquirements, he proved himself a ,ait efficient and successful pastor, and sustained himself with credit in all his •r.Vregations. He served the same field with acceptance until his retirement a his ministerial duties in 1840, which, of itself, is proof of his ability, for uinan of inferior talent can do this. He was equally proficient in the Gen u and English languages, and preached acceptably in either. Though ag- ajisive in his pastoral work, yet he was a man of a most pacific turn of mind uj conciliatory temper, who would much rather suffer wrong than do wrong, ^regards his character and life, he enjoyed the utmost confidence of not only umembers of his own parish, but of all others with whom he was brought a contact, and exemplified in his own life the doctrines and precepts which u'aught to others. Mr. Winters became preceptor to some four or five young uj, who qualified themselves, under his care and direction, for the pastoral TO, among whom were his two sons, David and Thomas. After his retire- ait on account of old age and infirmities, he spent the last years of his life at ahome of his daughter, in West Alexandria. Preble Co., Ohio, where he died ntie year 1863, at the age of eighty-five years. His remains were brought to Liston and interred in Woodland Cemetery. Mr. Winters was the father of ten children, two of whom, David and Thomas, entered the Reformed min- #. They are both still living, and active in their calling. The former e:ides in Dayton; has now passed the allotted time of man’s existence, but iivs the health of body and vigor of mind of ci m u in the prime of life. He n preaches with acceptance, his thoughts are clear and forcible, and his man- eqf speaking animated and impressive. He has been honored with the de- T of D. D., of which honor he is eminently deserving. Valentine, another o also residing in D- yton, is a h.nker, a man of wealth and excellent busi them in private houses, I will go out into the fields and hold them there.” I ;e words only added fuel to the slumbering fire, for when, at the close of II service, he -walked away from the church, the doors were locked, never gjti to be opened to him. Those who sympathized with him when excluded K j the chinch withdrew from the congregation, organized for themselves and Ul a new church, with the Rev. Long as their pastor, in which position he ft.ated for about six years. The same trouble spread to the congregations m - e country, and for many years was a source of much trouble to the Re- HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 38 formed Church. The old portion of the Germantown congregation contim worshiping in the old building, and was served by neighboring ministers. ] church erected by the Rev. Long was burnt down the last year of his minist and he was succeeded by the Rev. Thomas H. Winters, a son of Father Thor Winters, who failed in doing much for the congregation, and left after a y or two. The building was rebuilt whilst Rev. Winters had charge, but congregation was unable to pay for it, and it was sold to private parties, members scattered among other churches, some returning to the old conore tion, but the majority joined the Methodist and United Brethren denominatic and thus ended the existence of the Long congregation. The building i afterward used by different sects as a preaching- place, but has at last ccm< an inglorious end, being now used as a whisky and tobacco warehouse. Thomas H. Winters was here during the years 1846-47. The Rev. S< mon K. Denius was now called to the pastorate of the Reformed Church. ; his selection proved to be a fortunate event for these people. Mr. Denius i a man of great amiability, and of a kind and conciliatory disposition. He ’ the very man qualified to pour oil upon the troubled waters and cause the 1 toration of peace and harmony. Since the time of his ministry, the cong-re tion has enjoyed uninterrupted peace, has made steady advancement, is at pi ent a united body and in a prosperous condition. After Rev. Denius, wli ministry continued for about half a dozen years, the succession of minister? this congregation is as follows: John Kercher, 1852-56; Aaron Warn 1857-62; George W. Willard, 1862-66; H. G Comfort, 1866-67; J. R S maker, 1867-68; Joseph H. Apple, 1869-73; Charles W. Good, 1873- Peter C. Prugh, 1876 to the present time, who is a worthy gentleman and; efficient pastor. This congregation is now worshiping in its third ehun The first was the log structure erected as a union church in 18.10; the seen was the building erected by Judge Gunckel, and which they occupied fi 1828 to 1866, in which year it was taken down and the present building erei ' in its | dace, partly on new ground. It remained unfinished until 1370, congregation using the basement room as a place of worship; but in that j the audience room was finished and furnished, and the church was dedica during the summer of the same year. It is a commodious edifice, and spt well for the congregation and pastors who labored in the erection of this be liful house of divine worship. The Evangelical Lutheran Church. This congregation dates its or: back to the year 1809, and at the time of its organization it used the Gen exclusively iu its public worship. Its members were, without a single ex< tion, either native Germans or their descendants, and most of them came 1 Berks County, Penn. Among the ministeis of this faith who were here p: to the year 1814 appear the names of Paul Henkel, Markert, Forster, Mau . Simon. The former was the father of Andrew Henkel, and lived and labc mainly in Virginia, and was one of the most remarkable men of his age m missionary field. In what year he visited this point is not known at presi Of Markert nothing is known but the name, and the same can be said of 1 ster. Mau was a native of Pennsylvania; had been a Revolutionary sold lived many years in the Twin Valley, and finally died here. He was a so what eccentric man, with a limited education, changing his church re! at several times, but died a member of the Lutheran denomination. And Simon officiated as pastor for the churches in German and Miami Townsl for a number of years — probably up to the year 1812. He resided in Mij Township, in the neighborhood of the Gebhart Church, settling there as e; as 1808. Greatly lacking the gift of language, he was not very popular successful, and, abandoning the ministry, he turned his attention to thep 1 tice of medicine, removed to Indiana, and there closed his life. GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 39 After Mr. Simon left, the congregation remained without a pastor for ■oral years, but in the year 1814 they extended a call to the Rev. John Cas- „ Dill, who took charge in the fall of 1815, and may be said to have been the ii , regular pastor of the Lutheran Church at Germantown. Rev. John Casper Dill was born in Wertheim, in the Grand Duchy of Pen, Germany, February 2, 1758. and his parents were worthy members of Ij Evangelical Lutheran Church, and well to do in the affairs of this world. Ii n Casper received a thorough literary and scientific education, his collegiate •crse being taken at the then noted University of Giessen, in Hesse, at that time i! of the best of Germany’s institutions. In 1790, he embarked at Amsterdam othe United States, whither an elder brother had preceded him, and landed Baltimore, Md. , September 4 of that year, and, a few weeks subsequently, oed his brother in Philadelphia, where he was engaged in mercantile pur- ns. Here he remained for some time, but in 1792 his brother fell a victim j re yellow fever, and for the following ten years our subject’s residence and eltpation are not now known, but it is thought that a portion of that time was pit in preparation for the ministry. On the 16th of June, 1802, he was or- iaked a minister of the Evangelical Lutheran Church by the Synod of Penn- mnia, convened at Reading, in that State. At the time of his ordination, eiad charge of several congregations, and no doubt had been preaching for o,3 years as a licentiate. During his residence in Pennsylvania, he married : Maria Seiberling, of Northampton County. As previously stated. Mr. ! i came to Germantown in the fall of 1815, and in his day occupied the most n. tier position among Lutheran pastors, his mission extending over a vast ojbn of this portion of Ohio and Indiana. Mr. Dill preached at from six to ■volaces, but his main congregations were at Germantown and Miamisburg, a he may be justly called the father of Lutheranism in and around these 0 ts. The first church he preached in at Germantown was the log structure r ded in 1810. He was an accomplished scholar and theologian, a close and «?al thinker, a refined and chaste writer, well read in ancient and modern : sics, and as a speaker, clear, practical and impressive. He was connected s the Synod of Pennsylvania until the organization of the Ohio Synod in 8 !, at which he was present, and thus became one of its founders, subse- uitly holding different official positions in this body. Rev. Dill lived and h a poor man, being possessed of but an humble dwelling, with a few acres t round surrounding it, and when he died, in August, 1824, he left his fam- ) ittle else than God’s blessing. His wife survived him many years, but the ■: fins of both now rest side by side in the Germantown Cemetery. After the e h of Mr. Dill, the Germantown congregation were unable to secure a pas- n until 1826, in which year they secured the services of the Rev. Andrew uttel, of Somerset, Perry Co., Ohio, whose paternal ancestor in this country athe Rev. Gerhart Henkel, a native of Germany, who came to this land at a.arly period and located in Germantown, Penn. This was in the year 1740, ■i he died soon after his arrival, and is said too have been the first settled a 3r of the Lutheran Church in Philadelphia and Germantown, Penn. The 1 md grandson of Gerhart Henkel, from whom, in direct line, Andrew de- ' his descent, were Justice and Jacob, the latter being the father of the “ Paul Henkel, already referred to on a previous page. Paul Henkel was '’ in North Carolina December 15, 1754. and served in the Revolutionary < subsequently becoming a Lutheran minister, to which his life was ever Pward devoted. Five of his sons became Lutheran ministers under his care : j instruction, viz. , Ambrose, Philip, David, Charles and Andrew, the latter , 'tom, for more than forty years, was pastor of the Lutheran Church in 'viantown, Ohio. He was born in New Market, Ya., October 21, 1790, and 40 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. grew up under the careful training of his pious parents. He learned the of printing under the direction of his brother Ambrose, but after a short, : prenticeship, began the study of theology under the supervision and instri tion of his father and his brother Philip. He was licensed to preach the G pel by the Synod of Pennsylvania in the year 1811, and shortly afterward ca on a visit to Ohio in company with his brother Ambrose, traveling the ent distance on horseback. In 1812, Mr. Henkel came to Ohio to remain, taki charge of congregations and preaching-points in Perry, Muskingum, Mors and adjoining counties, his held of labor extending over probably ten count! spending fourteen years in this held, during which time lie resided in Somen Ohio. In 1815, he married Miss Margaret Trout, daughter of George ; Margaret Trout, of Somerset, Ohio. In September, 1818, he was one of 1 chief movers in the organization of the Synod of Ohio, but was not ordaii until 1823 or 1824. remaining a licentiate up to that time. During his residence in Somerset, Mr. Henkel trained a number of yoi men for the ministry, and labored hard to build up his church, laying a df and solid foundation that subsequent religious storms failed to effect. In the year 1826, Air. Henkel received a call from the Germantown c gregation and vicinity, which he accepted, entering upon his duties in the i of that year, and here he spent the remainder of his life. Up to this per the services had been conducted in German, but there had been a growing maud for services conducted in the English language as well, and this I Henkel, who was proficient, in both tongues, hastened to comply with bv ini ducing English services into all of the churches under his charge. A few ye after his arrival in Germantown, a new brick edifice was built, which was garded as one of the best churches in this part of the country. Like most the pioneer preachers. Mr. Henkel engaged in other pursuits outside of ' pastoral calling, for the purpose of winning a more comfortable livelihood th his salary as a minister afforded him; and thus, coming in contact with classes, he became extensively known and appreciated as a zealous advocate important enterprises and public improvements. He was also a leading mo ber of the Masonic fraternity, and did much in establishing and organiz \ lodges. But it was in the field of controversial debate, in defense of his elm and her teachings, that he attained the greatest distinction, vanquishing I opponents who had the temerity to offer him the gauge of battle. In 1844, Mr. Henkel removed to Goshen. Ind., but in 1847 returned Germantown: yet during his absence, the Rev. Abraham Reck, who was wi was known as a New- Measure Lutheran preacher, labored in this field, letiri however, upon the return of Air. Henkel. During the period that Mr. Hei had charge of the Germantown congregation, he resided a year or two in L isburg, Ohio, but the troubles experienced by his church through all these ye: and the dissensions existing in it. even up to this date, is history foreign this short sketch. Air. Henkel enjoys the honor of having been one of . founders of the first Synod in Ohio, as also of, the first theological seinim, The institution out of which have grown Capitol University and the h i Synods, Theological Seminary, was established under his leadership andthroi his influence. In personal appearance, Mr. Henkel was tall, straight and ei as an Indian, his step firm and his bearing dignified. He was a man of I resolution and wonderful tenacity of convictions, never shrinking from an o avowal or defense of his views and principles. He was of a kind and tors, ing nature, always exceedingly lenient and forbearing toward the frailtiej erring humanity, yet in his Lutheranism, Masonry and Democracy, he wat; immovable as a rock. As a friend, companion or pastor, he was genial affable, but in his public ministrations, he was always serious, earnest and GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 41 at. Mrs. Henkel died June 1, 1S66, and about this time Mr. Henkel began t'feel old age creeping on apace, and liis son-in-law, Rev. J. L. Stirewalt, was cled as an assistant in 1865, their charge at that time consisting of German- tm, Farmersville and Slifer’s congregations. In August, 1868, Mr. Henkel rried Mrs. Elizabeth Schwartzel, with whom he lived about two years in vj'dded life. Just two weeks before he died, he moved to Farmersville, where passed away April 23, 1870, in his eightieth year, triumphant in his faith nd calm to the last moment. His remains were interred in Germantown, where 1 had labored so many years, loved, honored and respected. Mr. Henkel was the father of eleven children, seven of whom are still liv- i>. He labored in the ministry of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ohio %-eight years, forty-four of which were spent in his second and last charge, 1 during his labors in this last field, he performed 1,003 baptisms, 877 con- imations, 495 marriages, and officiated at 683 funerals. The death of Pastor lukel left his associate sole incumbent of the Germantown charge, but soon aprward a division was made, resulting in the formation of two pastorates, ; Farmersville and Slifer congregations forming one, and the Germantown t other, the latter retaining the Rev. J. L. Stirewalt as their pastor. He hs the second son of the Rev. John and Hannah Stirewalt, and was born in viynesboro, Augusta Co., Va,, April 12, 1832. His mother was a sister of the Rjv. Andrew Henkel, and he therefore came of a long line of Lutheran minis- (|i on his mother’s side. His father died when our subject was quite young, lelnng three sons to the care of the widowed mother, with a dying wish ex- posed to h r that they should be consecrated to the work of the Gosp l min- islv. Their educational facilities being limited, *their good mother became Hr teacher, and she lived to see all inducted into the sacred calling of their Tier ; yea, more; she lived to see them all laid in the peaceful grave, and, sn after, was laid beside her son, Julius L., and her brother, Andrew, in the Gj-mantown Cemetery, this event occurring in May, 1874. In the years 1845-47, Julius L. was employed as a dry goods clerk in Chichester, Va., and from 1848-49, he attended school at the New Market V demy in the same State. He first began the study of medicine, then turned i , attention to law, but this was also abandoned by him, and he then decided nter upon the study of theology. He went to Columbus, Ohio, where he -]atthe years 1851-52 in the college and seminary of the Joint Synod, but. ; health failing, he left Columbus in 1853 and returned to New Market, Va., ' ire he completed his theological studies under the direction of his uncles, 1! . Ambrose Henke 1 and Jacob Stirewalt. In 1854, he was ordained a Deacon The Tennessee Synod, and became an assistant to his uncle. On the 10th of 1 1 ember. 1854, he was married to Vandalena, daughter of the Rev. Andrew -3ikel, of Germantown, Ohio, and soon after was elected Principal of the New >’’ket Female Seminary for one year, his wife assisting him in teaching. Os, together with his duties in the ministerial field, proved too laborious for feeble constitution, and he accordingly resigned his principalship. In 05, he accepted a call from Wayne County, Ind., where he entered upon a 1 ire of labor more congenial to his tastes, and better adapted to the exercise I is gifts. In 1856, he was fully ordained to the ministry, and in 1858 sue- 1 led his brother Paul in the Lima charge, the latter having been removed 'death. After a year’s labor at this point, failing health compelled him to j 4 n > and he then accepted an agency in the Southern States for the Lutheran n idard, during which time he was a regular contributor to its columns, i s change not proving beneficial to his health, he resigned the agency and 'wed to his mother’s farm in Virginia. Soon afterward, the rebellion broke 1 and. living amidst the scenes of constant conflict between the armies. 42 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. suffered great annoyance and loss, yet lie was always a friend to the Union, bi labored to alleviate distress among the suffering and wounded of both armiei In August, 1865, the English district of the Joint Synod of Ohio held its sei sions in Germantown, Ohio, the Rev. Stirewalt being present as a visitor. T1 Germantown congregation extended to him a call as associate pastor to the Re Andrew Henkel, and in November of that year he moved to Germantown 1 divide with Mr. Henkel the labors of this charge. His ministry was very sui cessful, and the church flourished and grew strong under his fostering car In 1867, the old church, which had been built in 1880, was remodeled and ei larged, the execution and direction of which undertaking devolved upon M Stirewalt. In 1869, the General Council appointed him as its home miadoj ary, to travel and labor chiefly in the State of Indiana, and to this work 1 devoted one-half of his time, giving the other half to his charge in Germantow and vicinity. This appointment he filled several years with commendable ii dustry and success. For years, Mr. Stirewalt had suffered from disease, ye amidst constant ill health, he never lost his patience or cheerfulness, and win at last the end came, his death was a grand triumph for the principles wki( he had always advocated and practiced. He died June 16, 1872, in his fortie year, beloved and regretted by all, admonishing with his last breath thoi who stood around him to be faithful, to revere and obey the Word of Go His remains were borne to the grave, attended by a vast concourse of peopl) who assembled in sadness to pay him the last respect of earth. The congr gation remained vacant about one year, but having occasional preaching 1 neighboring pastors. In the fall of 1872, the congregation called the Rev P. Hentz to Germantown, and in this year he paid them a visit, finally takii charge as pastor in April, 1873. Rev. J. P. Hentz was born in the village of Beuern, six miles distant fro the city of Giessen, in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, May 5, 1832. He left k native land in June, 1852, for the United States, landing at Baltimore in A ! gust of that year, but removed immediately to Pennsylvania, and for sever years following lived in different parts of this country. He Anally concliut to study for the ministry, and, with this purpose in view, entered Pennsylvan College, Gettysburg, Penn., from where he graduated in 1861. He studi theology in the Theological Seminary of the same place, and, in the fall 1862, entered the ministry of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. For seve) years, he labored in different fields in Western Pennsylvania, and, as previous stated, took charge of the Germantown congregation in April, 1873 whore has remained up to the present. His family consists of himself, wife and f children. What remains to be told of the history of the Lutheran Church of Genua town can be recorded in a few sentences. In July, 1867, was laid the conn stone of the present house of worship, and by December 15 of this year , t building was so far completed as to enable the congregation to hold services the basement room. It was dedicated May 15, 1870, but its spire was not co pleted until 1880, the latter costing about $1,100. The services were, from 1809 to 1826, conducted in the German langua* but since the latter year, both English and German have been used as necess prompted. Its communicants number from three hundred to four hundrt and the Sunday school has a membership of from two hundred to two hundr and fifty. The United Brethren Church. — The history of this denomination in G< man Township dates back near the beginning of the present century, as it w here that the first organization west of the Alleghanies was effected. ^ In 18( Andrew Zeller settled in German Township, about one mile north of Genua GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 43 tsra. on Little Twin Creek. He was an active Christian man of sound sense, ;p piety and liberality, and contributed much toward the development and uVth of Christianity in this valley. His house was one of the first estab- liied preaching-places among the United Brethren; the first organization of embers was there effected, and that was the nucleus of the many societies now ejsting in this valley. For a period of twenty-five years, this denomination 1 its regular preaching services in private houses, and their annual and l irterly conferences, as well as their protracted meetings, were held in barns. ( ! Brown’s Bun and elsewhere were also established places for the holding of »p meetings annually. Preaching-points were established at the houses of tl following members: Jacob Garst, Gabriel Thomas, Walter Cox, Daniel liner, George Bruner, Peter Zehring, Rev. Jacob King and others. In 1815, the Rev. Andrew Zeller was a delegate to the first General Con lienee of the United Brethren Church, held at Mt. Pleasant. Penn. , and at that Terence he was elected a Bishop. In his work throughout this portion of Ohio a;was greatly assisted by such men as Bishop Christian Newcomer, Daniel Tiyer, Henry Evinger, Henry Kumler, Sr., Dewalt Mechlin, John McNamar, 1 n Russell, S. S. Spieer, William Stubbs, A. Shingledecker and John i< ferkoff. Christian Newcomer was elected Bishop about six months prior to the Idth of the Rev. William Otterbein, who was the founder of the United Breth i.'tj Church, and he was formally ordained as an Elder only a few days previous che Rev. Otterbein’s death. Rev. Newcomer did noble work for his church i ts first years in this part of the country, having crossed the Alleghanies neteen times on horseback after he had passed his sixty-first year. The Rev. Daniel Troyer came to this valley as early as 1806. He was a wa and prudent man, and a faithful Christian. His wholesome influence has winded down to the present, as many of to-day cherish fond remembrances This life and labors. In 1819, Jacob Antrim became identified with church Uk in this township. He was a good singer, an ingenuous preacher, a great carter, had tact, energy and buoyancy of spirit, which bore him onward where finger men would have sunk down in discouragement, and in the Miami Yal- e'he was remarkably successful in gathering members into the church. At a ■ r day came the Bonebrakes, six brothers, all ministers — George and Fred- •vk preaching on Twin Circuit, which included Germantown. George and i n Hoffman, S. Doubler, Thomas Thompson, Isaac Robertson, H, Surface, k)b Emerick and others labored for this church in the Twin Valley. The i building erected for church purposes by the United Brethren denomination of the Alleghanies was built in 1829, in Germantown. The Board of stees were Daniel Bruner, Jonathan Spoon, Rev. Jacob King, Andrew Zeller i George Bruner. The lot was deeded to them May 6, 1829, by Philip nickel and wife. The building on Warren street, occupied by the congrega- 1( for fifty years, is the original one, though somewhat enlarged and modern - in after years. Among the active ministerial workers now we find Revs. : >b King, W. S. Rinelieart, John Coons, William Davis, Francis Whitcomb, Rinchbaugh, John and Jacob Kemp. The growth of the Germantown ° 3ty has been rapid. Its results are not limited by the township, county or 'te, but throughout the whole West are found many who were brought to ei j Christian lives through the efforts of this society. As near results of the jiency of this organization, we have the following churches within a radius 'five miles of Germantown: Twin Chapel, Union Chapel, Brown’s Run and R.e Road Chapels, with a membership in all of 300. while the Germantown '°'pfy has 315 members, and Montgomery County twenty -five organized socie- ' t: with houses of worship, aggregating a membership of 3,000 souls. This 44 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. church has from the first embraced among its membership some of the mo influential families of the township and county. The present handsome ar commodious house of worship, located on Cherry street, was built by the coi gregation in the year 1879, at a cost of $10,000. The work was successful carried to completion under the direction of a Board of Trustees, consisting < William D. Emerick, O. M. Oblinger, Ezra Kemp, Joseph W. Shank and l K. Burtner. Valuable services were rendered by Mr. Kemp in soliciting fun< and giving the work his personal supervision. This church has under its ca a flourishing Sabbath school, thus guarding well the interests of youth. T1 life and activity of this society in religious work is also evidenced by its lina cial exhibit. More than $1,000 is annually expended for the various church ii terests, $635 toward ministerial support, $120 for the support of the Sabbat school, $200 for church expenses, $100 for missions, and $100 for Presidii Elder and annual conference collections, besides occasional special donations f missions, church erection and educational work. With an increase of ruembc ship, and a moral and financial ability to do good, there is a disposition upon tl part of the membership to increase the usefulness of the church, and to cultiva well this portion of the Lord’s heritage.* The Methodist Episcopal Church. — This is the youngest of alt the congi gations in Germantown. Ordinarily, the Methodists are the first at work any new settlement; but here they came in last. The reason of this was th the people who settled in this township were Germans, and for many years t; German was the only language spoken by them, and as this denomination roi long time confined its labors to the English-speaking portion of the people this country, they made no effort to build up a congregation in Germantoi until the English language had come into use. Somewhere about the ye 1834, they began to talk of organizing a congregation. At this time, th held service regularly in Germantown, and worshiped in the United Brethr Church. They gained ground rapidly, and. in the year 1837, were able to bu: a house of worship, and this is the same edifice which the congregation is st occupying. It was not finished at once, and for some time services were in in the basement room. It w 7 as remodeled and enlarged in the year 1865, a is at present a commodious and comfortable place of worship. At one tin this congregation had a numerous membership, gathering them in from difii ent sources, but at present it is numerically the weakest of all the chinches Germantown. About 1S48, a part of this congregation split off and orgamz a Protestant Methodist Church, one of the leaders of this movement, Mr, Wi iam Gunckel, having previously purchased the building which had be erected by the New-Measure Reformed, and this church they occupied a 1 place of worship. For awhile they flourished, received numerous accessic and made rapid progress, but, after running a short race of seeming prosperi they began to grow less, unt il, after the lapse of a few years, the organizati was disbanded. Owing to these and other causes, the Methodist Episeoj Church in this township is not strong, but what it will be in the future, ti will reveal. Of the pastors of this congregation, so little is known and reme bered that it is impossible to give any reliable account of them. They In come and gone in such quick succession that they have made no history themselves; and where there is no history, there remains none to be written SUNDAY SCHOOLS. There are at present Sunday schools connected with all the Christian » gregations of Germantown, and, although all of them have a definite date origin, and each its own history, they are much involved in obscurity. *The sketch of the United Brethren Church was furnished by Revs. Swain and Burket ol said church. GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 45 •itten records have been preserved, and the little that is here recorded are the jittered fragments which have been gathered from a few aged people who still :tnain from among the first Sunday school teachers. Among these, Mrs. Eliz- ; eth Bohrer and Mrs. M. Ayers deserve special mention, because it was they 10 organized the first Sunday school in Germantown, labored for it and taught it. They have been teachers during a period of fifty years, and are still at eir post, and, though approaching fast their fourscore years, they are rarely sent from their classes on Sunday, or from the teachers’ meeting on week ,js. Both teach in the Lutheran Sunday school. The first Sunday school is organized in 1828, in the Lutheran Church, mainly through the agency ,d exertions of the two ladies just mentioned. They called a meeting, at lich officers were elected and the school organized. It was the only school the kind that existed in Germantown for some years, combined all the re- pious elements of the community, and had no denominational character, hen the school was organized, Mrs. Bohrer and Mrs. Ayers canvassed the i vn for funds to procure the necessary books, but their efl’orts met with small -icess. The people at that time knew little of Sunday schools, and were brefore suspicious of their character and aims. They treated the efforts of use enterprising ladies with coolness, fearing that the movement was some iw innovation in the church. The Lutherans and Beformed especially mis- usted the movement, for the reason that the first Superintendent, John Pear- r, was a zealous Methodist. The school, not having the hearty support of a ujority of the people, did not flourish, and in 1830 was discontinued. About 35, the subject was again agitated, and a school started in the United Breth- 11 Church. This was a union Sunday school, controlled by the LTnited Breth- 1 1 and Methodist denominations, but the names of the founders and first teach- • s have passed into oblivion. From 1830 to 1844. no Sunday schools existed i either the Lutheran or Beformed Churches, but in the latter year an agent I the American Sunday School Union organized a school in the Lutheran Curch, which was attended by the children of both congregations, and this siool has existed up to this time, but for many years was undenominational, i what year the Beformed separated and organized a Sunday school of their was erected, and so far completed that school was opened in December of tit year. The building and ground cost about $6,000, and the money was iected from the citizens by voluntary subscriptions. The academy had been L ding school since April, 1875, in an upper room of the engine house. The imitation was under the control of nine Trustees, chosen by the synod, and Use elected Prof. G. C. Dasher, of Capitol University, Columbus, Ohio, as the ; ncipal. It prospered beyond the expectations of its Mends, entering on its , vious notice, and without assigning any reason for their action, abandoned 1 school and thus terminated its career, much to the surprise, chagrin and 1 appointment of the citizens of Germantown, who had hoped to see it grow r| a first-class college. The building was sold under the Sheriff’s hammer, I'.ght in by the corporation of the town, and is at present used as an armory >d militia company. The academy conducted in this building was chartered rer the name of the Germantown Institute. ' PLACES OF SEPULTURE. There are in German Township live places set apart for the burial of the dead — jae at Schaeffer’s Church; the second is on the farm of Jacob Judy, at the head ■Brown’s Run; the third is on Sunsbury Hill; the fourth is the graveyard in pjmantown; and the fifth is Germantown Cemetery. Of these, the Sunsbury i. Graveyard is the oldest, and was donated for the purpose by Christopher mrick, on whose farm it is located. The first persons who died in the Twin fley were buried here, and in it rest the remains of many of the pioneers. ' 3n Germantown Cemetery was laid out, many persons removed their dead Ai the older burial places to the new cemetery, and thus many bodies were lib from Sunsbury Hill, most of which were found petrified. The graveyard 'i xermantown is next in age, and contains one acre of ground, which was 'Phased from Philip Gunckel in 1809. It was open to all who desired to u r in it except suicides and murderers. At the time of its establishment, it outside the village limits, but as the town grew it came to be situated in amidst of residences, and therefore objectionable to the majority of the peo- l‘is a burial-place. Much trouble was caused by those who still desired to s it as a graveyard. A few private individuals bought a tract of land on the p side of Twin Creek for a cemetery, but, after a few interments, it urns ' d subject to inundation during high water, and was therefore abandoned, ully, after much bickering, a cemetery association was formed July 1, 1849, Ustitution adopted, and the following officers chosen: John F. Kern, Will- ti McKeon, John Stump, Samuel Rohrer, Jacob Eminger, Jacob Koehne, r.erick Kimmerling, John D. Gunckel and Henry S. Gunckel as Directors; >■; Stump, President; William McKeon, Vice President; Henry S. Gunckel, ‘-Vtary ; John F. Kern, Treasurer. At a meeting held July 3, 1849, a com- 1 was appointed to select suitable ground, and at a. subsequent meeting, " ’Urchase of a ten-acre tract, located one-half mile west of town and owned ' • Koehne, was recommended by this committee. At a meeting held Au- : ll; 1, 1849, the Directors agreed to purchase the said tract at the price of A per acre, and this was subsequently effected, and the tract laid out for 1 mjtery. In 1861, a dwelling house for the sexton was erected on the ground, 11 1878 an addition of over eight acres was purchased on the north side, 1,0 the farm of the Rev. P. C. Prugh. O 48 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. This cemetery is at present almost the exclusive place of burial in 1 township. In the graveyard in town, no dead have been interred since 18( and in the remaining ones, only an occasional burial. Germantown Cemeti is a handsome resting-place for the dead, being nicely planted with trees a dotted with beautiful monuments. In all these cemeteries lie buried the mains of the fathers and founders of this township, whose names and gra 1 should be honored and esteemed as sacred. NEWSPAPERS AND PRINTING. The first newspaper published in Germantown was called the Germauto Gazette , and was started in 1826 by Conrad Schaeffer, a German, from Alsal France. He was a pioneer newspaper man, and, previous to his advent hi had published papers in Lancaster and Canton. Ohio. One-half of the Gaz was printed in German, and one-half in the English language. He remai. here but one year, then went to Hamilton, Ohio, and, in partnership with J< Woods, established the Hamilton Intelligencer. In 1889, George W alike German, came to Germantown, and, in partnership with Dr. Espich, be; printing the Laws of Ohio in the German language. They issued several 1 times, but found few purchasers, and the enterprise proved a failure, and tl labor and investment a total loss. This was the only attempt at the pnbl tion of books in Germantown. The next attempt in this line was made by William Gunckel in 1845 partnership with Moses B. Walker, but the latter soon withdrew from the fi and Gunckel continued the work alone. He began doing job work, and, a; an experience of three years in job printing, started the Germantown Gan which was a large-sized, well-conducted weekly journal. It was regarded i good family newspaper, and hence enjoyed a large circulation. In 1849, Gunckel disposed of this paper to -Joseph Reeder and Josiah Oblinger. firm of Reeder & Oblinger changed the name to Western Emporium , but, a a two-years' trial, they sold out to Solomon Miller and Henry Brooks, wl partnership continued until 1854, in which year Brooks retired and Miller came sole proprietor. It was in 1854 that the question of building a raili was agitated, and work was soon begun on the road, but, after a large amt of money was expended, the scheme fell through and was abandoned. Imt with the excitement which the proposed railroad created, Miller changed name of his paper to Twin Valley Locomotive. About this time, the Kn Nothing craze struck the country, and, the railroad failing. Miller put Locomotive on the Know-Nothing track, but, after one year’s trial, it ran the ground and became a w r reck. The Twin Valley Railroad, the Twin Vo Locomotive and the Know-Nothing party all “played out” about the same t: and all three left behind them an equally ugly stench. What was saved of Locomotive from the wreck was sold to a man named Pepper, who changec name and advocated the principles of the Democratic party; but, not mee with sufficient encouragement, its publication was discontinued after a yes two. In 1855, the same Miller who had previously failed, started, the A. ican Republican, which was stongly partisan in its political views. M issued this paper until 1857, when he moved his press to Kansas, there to a hand in the contest then raging in that quarter. The press owned by Pe was purchased by -J. F. Meyers in 1858, who this year started the Germant Independent , which he operated until 1860, when he sold out to James C back, who continued the publication of the Independent until 1863, whe moved his press to Shelbyville, Ind., and there published the Shelbyville publican. Soon after Cumback left Germantown, Cyrus Heister and James Gra} GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 49 ■; doing job work on a second hand press which they had purchased, finally si ing a small paper. In 1869, they disposed of their interests to C. W. Dun f, w ho started the Dollar Times, which he sold in 1874. The Germantown was established in 1875 by its present editor and proprietor, F. D. Hark- s B. Walker made his appearance in Germantown, and had charge of an ."emy for the first two years, after which he was admitted to the bar and Alp practicing law. For some years he was in partnership with H. V. R. 0 |„ who was an able lawyer. From 1848-49, Mr. Walker held the seat of a oRor in the State Legislature, and in 1861 he raised the Thirty -first Regi- lue | Ohio Volunteer Infantry, of which he was appointed Colonel. At the 50 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. battle of Chickamauga, he was wounded, and soon after was promoted to rank of Brigadier General of volunteers for gallant services. When the closed, Gen. Walker went to Texas. From there he returned to Ohio began his law practice in Findlay, at which place he still resides. G. F. Walker was a uephew of Gen. Walker; practiced law in Germant previous to the rebellion ; became Captain of a company of his uncle’s r ment; served throughout the war, after which he abandoned law and entt the ministry, and is now preaching in Iowa. J. Sharts opened a law office in Germantown in 1868, remained a years, and then removed to Kansas. William Shuey, a native of Dayton, c shortly after Sharts left, in order to supply his place, but, after a residenc a year or two, he returned to Dayton. Adam Frank is at present attending to a such legal business as Gem town requires, and is giving entire satisfaction to his patrons. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. Dr. Boss is the first physician who is known to have practiced median German Township. He was a German, who came from Kentucky to this to ship in 1805 and resided with John Pauly, who lived where Sunsbury stands. He died in 1807, and was buried on Sunsbury Hill. Adam and Michael Zeller came from Pennsylvania in 1805; opened a c store in 1824, and, although not regular physicians, they gave medical ad and practiced the healing art. To Dr. Adam Zeller we are indebted for discovery of extracting oil from the hickory nut, which, in those days, was" lieved to possess great healing qualities. Dr. George W. Miller came to this place in 1816. He was a Germajj: birth, a fine classical scholar and a good physician. The practice of medi not proving remunerative in this field, after a residence of three years he turned to Pennsylvania. Dr. Emanuel Husk was a single man, who located here in 1820, and ( in 1823. He had been a Surgeon in the army of Napoleon the Great, but n ing further is known of his history, and he sleeps in an unmai’ked grave in Lutheran Graveyard of Germantown. Dr. C. G. Espich is the first physician who acquired a long and pei nent residence in Germantown. He came here, a single man, about the s time as Dr. Rusk made his appearance, but, soon after, was married to Ei beth, youngest daughter of Philip Gunckel. He was a popular and sncces practitioner, and died November 24, 1853. Dr. Brasacker was a native ( man, a partner of Dr. Espich, and practiced here from 1824 to 1827. Dr. M. Trout began practice here in 1831; removed soon after to Indii returned in 1837, and has lived here ever since. Drs. Bossier and Pennel located in Germantown in 1835, remaining b short time. Dr. Watson, soon after the last two left, made his appearance, but. hat no love for his calling, his success was indifferent, and he left after a few ye residence. Dr. James Comstock was a native of Connecticut, who located in this p in 1838. He lived and practiced in Germantown twenty-two years, and hi previous practice of nearly thirty years. He was a man of great energy, was thoroughly devoted to his profession. He was identified with the Methcj Church, and died in I860, in the seventy-eighth year of his life. Dr. James Lawder began his practice here in 1836; was a son-in-la' Dr. Espich, and died in 1849. During a part of this period, he was in p nership with Dr. Espich. GERMAN TOWNSHir. 51 Dr. W. B. McElroy practiced medicine in Germantown from 1843 to 1847. tin removed to Franklin. Ohio, where he is still residing. Dr. J. E. Donnellon came in 1853; was a partner of Dr. Espich’s until r| latter’s death, since which time he has continued alone, and enjoyed a lu- abive practice. Dr Daniel Eckert practiced his profession in Germantown from 1854 to 1116, then moved to Indiana. Drs. Longenecker and Miller were here from 1850 to 1860. Dr. J. J. Antrim commenced his practice in Germantown in 1857, and is nng special attention to cancer patients. Dr. John Robinson located here in 1869. In 1875, he was elected County T-k, and re-elected in 1878, living in Dayton during his official career. He u now resinned the practice of his profession in Germantown. Dr. J. W. Cline began practice here in 1869, and has since continued his r essional duties at this place. Dr. J. A. Brown opened his office in 1878, and has a good practice. Sketches of Drs. Trout, Donnellon, Antrim, Robinson and Brown will be old elsewhere in this work. The following prominent dentists practiced here: J. Jones, from 1836 to 1841; G. W. and William F. Gunckel. for several es; John H. Payn. from 1857 to 1864; V. B. Stephens, since 1866; and W. !'l.|Iineman, who was associated for several years with Dr. Stephens, then re- i< id to Indiana. A number of other dentists came from time to time, but they did not ac aje permanent residence, and were merely squatters in this dental field. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. There has been some difficulty experienced in obtaining a complete list of officials and their time of service. The following, however, is all that mow be gathered of the names and dates for German Township magis- ra!s: (Philip Gunckel. from 1805 to 1812; Henry Duckwall, John S. Schenck. 1S..-19; G. W. Miller. 1816; George Rowe, 1819—1840; W. Schwartz, John iclure, 1826-1835 ; William C. Emerick. 1835-1850 ; Jacob Emminger, v -58; William Gunckel, Christopher Taylor, Daniel Izor. John F. Kern, '1 Zehring and Adam Frank, the last of whom is the Mayor of Germantown, ay respected, popular official. PROMINENT MEN. 3-erman Township has many citizens who have done much toward the th and development of its best interests, whose names will not appear in • cist, for to give every name would require more space than we have at our qsal, would make very monotonous reading, and history would not gain i by it. In the following are the names of those whom we have selected ' 5 men who have done most to build up Germantown, outside of the pioneer Mrs: 'ol. John Stump, born in Berks County, Penn., March 29, 1794, came to i- ownship with his father, Leonard, in 1805, and served in the war of 1812. 3 tarried Maria C. Emerick, daughter of Michael Emerick, and followed cug for some years. He erected a residence and grist-mill one mile south - I -s,)f Germantown, at present the property of Christian Rohrer, and there IB kind of hotel. He raised a family of five daughters and one son. About 4 he engaged in mercantile pursuits, which he followed about twenty years II ( mantown. He then sold out, and established the Germantown Exchange ' 52 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Bank., which, in 18(38, was merged into the First National Bank, of which C Stump served as Cashier until 1809, when he retired to private life. He wa: life-long adherent of the Lutheran Church, and died April 10, 1875. Col. Michael Gunckel, the second son of Philip Gunckel, was born Berks County, Penn., September 22, 1787, and came to this township with father in 1801. He married Barbara Shuey, daughter of Martin Shuey, w bore him a large family, among whom are William, Lewis B. , Henry S. a Michael S. Gunckel, the latter of whom raised a company during the rebellic and was promoted to the rank of Major. He erected the building now occupi by John Zehring, in which he conducted his business. During the war of 18 he served as a Captain in the army; was afterward brevetted as Colonel, a was always a prominent, influential and useful man. He also served one te in the State Legislature, and died September 17, 1857. Capt. John C. Negley came to the Twin Valley from Kentucky in 18 but was a native of Pennsylvania, born in Cumberland County July 21. 17 He removed to Mercer County, Ky. , with his parents, when but twelve years ■age, and there remained until his removal to this county. He was marriec Mary Shuey, daughter of Martin Shuey, October 11, 1811, and settled easi Germantown, on land which he and his father, Philip, had previously enter Early in 1812, Mr. Negley entered the service as Second Lieutenant in C Sunderland’s company, and was stationed at Greenville, Ohio. After the 1 closed, he was chosen as Captain of a militia company, and hold many offii positions, such as Township Trustee and County Commissioner. During whole life, he was active and prominent in township affairs, until old age feeble health impaired his usefulness. Capt. Negley died in his eight) year, leaving a widow, who still survives him. His children are Mrs. He; Hoffman. Mrs. Abia Zeller, William H. Negley, Mrs. J. S. Artz and Mrs. M iam H. Schaeffer. Tobias Van Skoyk was of Dutch descent, and came here from Pranljj about the year 1812. He was for some year engaged in the saddler’s bus.in and later in the dry goods trade. He became wealthy, was a man of enterpi and took an active part in building up the town. His only child married C Moses B. Walker. Charles O. Wolpers was born in Germany in 1795, and came to Gern town in 1817. He opened a store near Gunckel’s Mill, on a small scale, j after a few years, erected a more commodious building on the lot at preij occupied by Wolper & Oblinger’s dry goods store. About 1824, he mar Louisa Schwartz, and died in December, 1868. Henry S. Gunckel was the second son of Col. Michael Gunckel, and born in Germantown September 20, 1810. Early in life, he entered upon i -cantile pursuits, and for some years clerked in the store of Col. John Ski whose daughter, Sarah, he married in 1834, and soon after became a parka Col. Stump’s. He early became prominent in public affairs, being a clear forcible speaker, and taking a warm interest in State and national poli He was a well-read man, familiar with the history and laws of his com courteous in manners, possessed of rare conversational powers, and enjoyed versal popularity in the community where he lived. In 1842, he was ele to the State Legislature, and i'e-elected in 1844, serving his constituents entire satisfaction. During the last twenty years of his life, he gave Ins at tion to the purchase and sale of leaf tobacco. He died February 8, 1878, thus terminated the carrer of one of Germantown’s most eminent and us citizens, a man who was beloved by all who knew him in life. His only s< Patrick H. Gunckel, of Dayton, Ohio. Besides those mentioned, the names of the following are given as men GERMAN TOWNSHIP. o '3 f ;i their share in building up the moral as well as the material interests of ( rmantown : Augustus Schwartz, George Howe, Jacob Emminger, Jacob Koehne, Samuel Ihrer, Lewis Schenek, Lewis Hasselman, Albert Stein, Elias Ligget. These we all worthy and highly influential men, who, by the part which they have ,, ed, exerted influences which will not soon die. They have aided in giving section to the affairs and in shaping the character of the people who at pisent reside in this township, and for that reason their names deserve a place he pages of its history. To the above list might have been added the names opther men equally worthy of mention, some of whom are still living, but the wit of space compels us to close the list by saying that all are men who do lor to the pioneer fathers of the Twin Valley. STATISTICS OF THE YEAR 1881. According to the last official census, the population of Germantown is 1,- !; of Sunsbury, 185; and of the township outside the corporate limits, 1,698, •mantown has four public buildings, valued at $20,000; four churches, at - ,150; and a public school building, at $8,500. The township outside the n contains twelve public schoolhouses, valued at $13,671. and three irches, at $1,300. There are 24,132 acres of land in German Township, ;ied at $204,703. The above valuations are those of the Assessor, and are (jsiderably below their real value. 54 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. BY K. F. WARNER. r pHIS subdivision was formed from Elizabeth Township, by the (Jou; _L Commissioners, November 6, 1804, and elections were ordered to be h( at the house of David Hoover. On the 7th of March, 1809, a portion of Rs dolph was taken in the formation of Madison Township, and, October 7, 18 all of Randolph, lying east of Stillwater River, was used in the erection Butler Township. Thus the township remained until June 8, 1825, at win time all of its territory, in the original surveyed Township 6, Range 4 ea was erected into a new township, called Clay, since which time no changes h; been made in the boundaries. Randolph Township is situated in the north* part of the county with the township of Butler on the east, and Clay on i west; Madison Township forms its southern boundary, while Miami Com forms its northern one. It is six miles long, from north to south, and, on average, about four and a half miles wide, from east to west, containing abc twenty-six square miles. The surface is undulating and the drainage amp Stillwater River draining it on the east and Baker’s Creek on the north, I latter emptying into Stillwater near the county line. The central part of township is drained by Bowman’s Creek, which empties into Wolf Creek, Madison Township, while the western and southwestern portions are drain! by Little Wolf Creek and its tributaries. These creeks and small streams all fed by never-failing fresh-water springs. Near Union are a large numlj of springs, which are noted far and near for the beautiful, clear, fresh, p> water, that has proven a blessing to all who reside in that locality. These springs nearly all unite in a branch near Union and form ( branch which affords excellent water-power, but at present is not utiliz Yet, the day is not far distant when capitalists will have control of said wal power and the hum of machinery will again be heard in the vicinity of Unii as it used to be in the past. There are other springs dotted all over the township; the largest is owr by H. W. Morehead, near the center of the township. The most noted spr is near Salem, in the western part of the township, known as the Rattlesn Spring, and took its name from the great number of those reptiles lurking its vicinity in the early history of the township. Mr. John Bench killed at one time, on the same day, thirty-three mom rattlesnakes, and was compelled to leave his task unfinished on account of strong odor emitted by the dead and living reptiles near him. There are nearly one hundred living springs of fresh water in the to’ ship, no doubt being the banner township of the county in this particu There are steep bluffs on Baker’s Creek, Wolf Creek and Stillwater Rh The soil is very fertile, producing wheat, corn, oats, flax, rye, potatoes and 1 kinds of fruit, from the apple to the finest variety of small fruit. The to ship was heavily timbered before the primeval forest was disturbed by husbandman’s ax. The writer of this article has before him a letter written by Capt. Mas a relative of his in North Carolina, from which the following quotations taken: _ !j “ We let down here in the wildest and the heaviest timbered woods in RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. 55 /He world, from the one inch to the six-foot oak, ash, poplar, walnut, hickory, . air- tree, maple, beech, buckeye, elm, dogwood, ironwood, spice and nettles.” The giant oak and the other timber mentioned above have nearly all sue- ubed to the axman’s stroke. There is not timber enough left now to refence ■:q rebuild, should such a thing ever become necessary. The same letter i s the following description of the animals and reptiles, when he, with his tier, landed on Stillwater: “Snakes, wolves panthers, wild-cats, muskrats, gome bear, wild turkeys, pheasants, squirrels, raccoon, opossums and In- iis by the score.” The animals have long since disappeared, at the crack of the hunter’s t and the Indians have gone toward the setting sun. The township now has an enterprising community of intelligent farmers L own splendid farms, have them under a high state of cultivation and farm all th« modern improvements applied to the science of agriculture. It is uig the foremost townships in the Miami Valley, in raising wheat, in its 1 to the acre. The stone quarries are a notable feature of its products. The quarry \ -d by Mr. David Shaw, near Union, belongs to the Niagara formation, and ids an excellent material for building purposes of all descriptions. Mr, John Stolts, in the north part of the township, has an exceedingly X quarry, also of the Niagara formation, and sells large quantities of stone >rvery variety of purposes to which stone can be applied. There are other quarries, but not yet developed to the same extent as those (Do mentioned. Mi'. H. M. Turner has opened a quarry near Salem, of the a formation as the others, and, from appearances or indications, stone f||nted Judge; was so called for years, or until he died. Our Carolina i>5s, or families, left Ridgeville vicinity on the 4th day of March. 1802. I proceeded to the Stillwater woods, where they had previously made their ’ 1 ions, and on my father’s purchase the first house or cabin was raised or itied.” luch was the language of Capt. Mast, who was well known to the writer, 'Oho was a little boy of five or six years of age when the first settlement -nade. Capt. Mast died, in West Milton. Miami County, in 1878, aged - y-one years. To those who know nothing about pioneer life, the following extract from 4 Mast’s diary is taken to show the patriotism of the early or first settlers t) township, when they celebrated our natal day: ’ This being the birthday of our freedom, God be thanked, on the 4th y*f July, 1806, I, with my mother, father, four of his sisters and his r o!9rs-in-law, had a 4th of July celebration. For dinner, we had plenty of II iy, pork, beef, johnny-cake, turkey, deer, pheasants, fish and squirrels.” 56 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. The writer visited Mi’s. Mary Sheets, whose maiden name was IIooi She corroborates the statement of Capt. Mast’s diary, concerning the yeai the first settlement, and makes this statement: David Mast, Daniel Hoo her father, David Hoover, and Daniel Hoover, her cousin, with their f ami 1 on the 20th day of March, 1802, landed on their respective purchases and c menced erecting cabins immediately. David Mast settled on the northv quarter of Section 3, Daniel Hoover. Sr., on the southeast quarter of Seel 10, David Hoover on the northeast quarter of Section 10, and Da Hoover, Jr., on the northwest quarter of Section 10. They had to cut a r from Dayton north, through the wilderness, as they moved on their tries of land, which were purchased in 1798. In that year, several ger men came from North Carolina and explored the Stillwater bottoms as as to where Covington now stands. They encountered no Indians on t, trip, but the old lady recollects that a short time after they had pitched t tents, an Indian made her appearance at her father’s camp. Her father mother were both absent. She was not frightened, but her younger sister very much frightened and sought her parents immediately, and told them there was a man in the camp. The Indians were numerous then but never lested the settlers of this township, although as settlers arrived and rumor Indian depredations were being committed, there were block-house3 built the neighbors were collected in them at night for mutual protection agr the Indians, but every morning the settlers would disperse to their respec clearings. Robert and James Ewing, John and Abraham McClintock came from 1 t.ucky in 1805. David, William and Martin Sheets came from North Caro in 1806. About this time settlements sprang up in every part of the town? Jacob Smith settled on the northeast quarter of Section 19; David Kinse; the northwest quarter of Section 32; Daniel Fetters settled on the north of Section 29; Peter Fette s on Section 21, both in 1806. The Ellers Fouts came about the same year. In the year 1811, there was a heavy emi tion from Pennsylvania. The Rasors, Warners and Brumbaughs, with otl came and all of them opened clearings for themselves. Jacob Brumbaugh Samuel Brumbaugh are yet living. The fii’st child born was Daniel Hoove; 1803, and is now living on the farm where he was born. EDUCATION. The educational facilities for the youth of the land were meager 1805, the first schoolhouse was built, north of Union, and James Wright employed to teach the children. Schools were kept up by subscription, A Edwards was the second teacher, near Salem, in 1807. William Smith living, was one of his pupils. The ordinance of 1787 made provision for schools in the Northwest Territory, and the people of this township, as soc practicable, made use of the fund from Section 16. When the present beneficent school law was passed, to have six mo) school in each subdistrict, the people took advantage of it immediately, j have complied with its provisions ever since. The schools are admirably advantageously kept for the benefit of our youth. The teachers employe 1 able and competent, keep up with the times and stand at the head of tne fession. The township is divided into nine subdistricts, having four' gr schools under the supervision of the Board of Education, and five school graded. Thirteen teachers are employed to carry on our schools. MANUFACTURING. The manufacturing interests of the township have been somewhat db fied. Mr. Martin Sheets, Mr. William Sheets and others carried on RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. 57 aitliing for many years in the early history of Union They made rifles for .e settlers for great distances around, and did a great deal of work for the dians. JVlr. Henry Sheets, who is still living and making rifles. I’emembers *11 when the Indians used to come to his father’s shop for rifles. The milling interest was attended to at an early date. The first 11 was constructed m 1808 by Daniel Hoover. In 1806, there was a mill lit in Salem by John Wertz, and rebuilt, in 1820, by John Bench, and lately med by James Heck. It burned down on the 20th of December, 1880. miel Easor built a mill in an early day near Union. Two more mills ire built near the same place, and later still, William and Andrew Sheets lilt a large and commodious mill on Stillwater. At present, it is owned by idrew Hoover. Benjamin Engle owns a mill on Stillwater, near the south - 47, Turner & Bros, built a large distillery at Salem, which burnt down in 7)4, but was rebuilt the same year, by H. M. Turner and Joseph M. Turner, seph M. Turner sold his interest to H. M. Turner shortly afterward, and the tsiness was continued by H. M. Turner until 1877. Mauy thousand barrels high- wines were shipped from the Salem distillery during its operation by I M. Turner. The last run was made in February. 1877. There is no like- ood that there will ever be another gallon manufactured in the township. William Sheets had a distillery for many years near Union. So, also, had J T. Smith & Son. John W. Turner built a distillery near where Engle’s Cl now stands about 1850. but discontinued operating it when the duty on 0 tilled spirits was put above 20 cents per gallon. The building is in ruins. 1 are all the other distilleries, except the Salem distillery, which stands yet i act. There used to be a carding machine near Salem, owned by Michael 1 adis: also a woolen manufactory, near Union, owned by Jesse Yount. But t y aie things of the past. G. W. Purcell and Dr. Hawkins, at Union, have a crockery ware and tile r tory. They carry on the business extensively, and manufacture everything h heir line. PHYSICIANS. The medical profession was not represented in the early history of the r < nship. People would doctor the sick with herbs and roots indigeous to the 8( ■ In the winter of 1825 and 1826, an epidemic, supposed to have been ty- 58 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. phoid fever, made its appearance in the township, and many persons died fc want of proper medical treatment. Dr. Powell, a farmer, appears among tl hrst as a physician; but has long since passed away. Dr. Martin, of Salem, the next who attended to the necessities of the sick and was an able physiciai He moved to Illinois in 1838, and is yet living. Drs. Hibbard and Gish wei very successful practitioners for many years. Dr. Hibbard went to Richmon many years ago; is practicing medicine yet. Dr. Gish went to Brookvilli where he resides, practices some, but is engaged mostly in farming. Dr. Samuel Hawkins, of Union, was the next physician, coming aboi 1846. He is a man of ability, has a successful practice, a man of large e; perience and unsullied reputation, and stands at the head of the professioi Dr Thompson, his partner, is a young man, but has already gained a repati tion as a successful practitioner and a gentleman. Dr. Gillis practiced i Salem from 1858 to 1870 with marked success. Dr. Kimmel, now of Lfberb Jefferson Township, a gentleman of experience, was a practitioner in Salem fi several years, and met with great success. Drs. Levi and Samuel Spitler wei located in Salem from 1869 to about 1879. They were very successful in the practice; they had an extensive field to operate in while here; are gentlerw of ability and experience, self-made men; have extensive information on near all subjects that intei'est mankind; they now are partners in their profession Dayton. There were other physicians here from time to time, whose names tl writer has forgotten. Dr. G. W. Hous, of Salem, came in 1878; has an e: tensive practice; a self-made man; has remarkably good success — a gentlems of experience and education. He is young yet, and is destined to make h mark in his profession. Dr. AV. C. Smith, who came to Salem in 1880. is young gentleman just starting in the profession; has competent requ iremen — a man of education, and has before him a bright career, and is successful ; his professional callings and services. Dr. Boone, of Harrisburg, is a genii j man of education and experience, and meets with good success in his practic which is extensive. This township is well supplied now with the M. D. pr fession. Dr. Hawkins, Dr. Thompson, Dr. Hous, Dr. W. C. Smith and D Boone are all competent in their profession to attend to the wants of the sic room. Dr. John W. Pence is a graduate of the regular profession, but has r tired from it, makes chronic cases a specialty and practices by animal raagrn ism, OFFICERS OF THE TOWNSHIP, ETC. j Who organized a civil government is not known to us, as the townsk records are lost. David Hoover was the first Justice of the Peace; Danil Hoover was elected a member of the Legislature, in 1810, John W. Turner 1830, and Dr. Hibbard in 1846. The voting-place for many years was at Jaoj Smith’s house in Section 19. Union then became the voting-place and i mained so for many years. About ten years ago, the Trustees saw fit to chan, the place to vote, and Harrisburg being more centrally located, is now the caj tal of the township. The present incumbents (1881) are E. D. Hublev, Lav Shaw and John Tucker, Trustees; Thomas P. Eby, Treasurer; E. E. Smil Clerk: J. R. Weddle and Isaac Fetters, Constables. Andrew Hoover ana F. Warner officiate as Justices of the Peace. The population is 2,330. In the war of 1812, this township furnished its quota of soldiers, b there were no commissioned officers that lived within its borders. In the w with Mexico, it sent several soldiers to participate in the glories and honors that war. who were present when the army of occupation, under Gen . Sci entered the ‘‘Halls of the Montezumas. ’’ In the war of the rebellion, the sons of this township,, cheerfully gave tin services for the restoration of the Union. RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. 59 ROADS. “There are bat few things that add more to the general comfort and con- , ience of a community than good roads, or an easy method of social and imercial intercommunication. ” There is no record when the first road was established, but at an early hi) a road was established running from Union to Dayton; also from Dayton Greenville, running through Salem; also from Salem to Union. In 1838, the national road was cut out from east to west through the cen- e;r>f the township, but was never macadamized by the General Government. All be a completed turnpike this year. “In 1838, the capitalists and business men of Dayton, seeing the impor- ts of holding the rapidly increasing trade of the Stillwater Yallev, which :j had heretofore enjoyed, and foreseeing the danger of its being diverted points along the Miami Canal, then just completed to Piqua, organzied the )i ton & Covington Turnpike Company, secured the necessary stock and began : work of construction in 1839.” The road runs through the eastern part of the township for about seven Jjs, on the bluffs of Stillwater, and is of incalculable advantage to the people kg the road, who used to go many miles, especially farmers, with loads of rjn to reach the “ Covington pike ” going to Dayton. About 1847, the Salem upike was organized and a road built from Salem to intersect the Dayton & ktngton Turnpike at a distance of five miles from Salem. These two roads nsoll-pikes. In 1869, steps were taken to build a pike from Salem to Air li, and the next year it was built. The Dogleg pike, from Salem to Trot- id, was built the same year. The Heckman pike was built shortly after. ..year the Skyles pike was completed. The National road pike was sold Wear and partly completed, and a branch road, running to Salem, built. 1 township has twelve miles of toll-pike and seventeen miles of free pike, b mud roads, as they are called, are well improved by the local authorities, nch has its own ministers, church officers and hold worship at different times, ft branch known as River Brethren is claimed originated in Upper Switzer - a'l, Europe, and were members of the Mennonite persuasion. In 1885, six ailies emigrated from Pennsylvania to Montgomery County, Ohio, and or- ized as a church. John and Daniel Coffman, Samuel Hen-, Sr,, and John iker, Sr., were ministers; Isaac Cassel wa3 Deacon until his death, in 1880. above-named ministers have all been gathered to their Fathers years ago. y have a neat and commodious church edifice, near the center of the town- in. They are a plain an unassuming people. Their membership is about hty-five in the county. They are among the best citizens we have. Samuel 1 r, Jr., John Hocker, Jr., and Abraham Engle are the ministers; Adam Aker and Jacob Cassel are Deacons. Their meeting-house is called “Fair- viy,” Another branch of the Brethren in Christ has a church organization and interest in a meeting-house at Harrisburg. The church is locally known as 1 “ Swankites.” They have a large congregation at Harrisburg, presided over ’i he Rev. Jabez Swank. Another resident minister is Samuel Longnecker, ''"preached at Swanktown, Clay Township, There are congregations of the ! reh in Darke and Miami Counties and other portions of the State; also in knsylvania, Indiana and other States. The history “of this body” as it now «ts was formed by the uniting of several branches, which took rise near ‘lit the same time, of which dates there is no account. A general conference ’ called and convened in May, 1861, at Crooked Creek Church, Armstrong 62 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. County, Penn. The ministerial delegations were: From Ohio. Jacob Swai John Swank and David Rasor: from Pennsylvania, George Shoemaker Deford, H. G. Marsh and J. Shoemaker, with a number of lay dele^ati They adopted a constitution and appointed another general conference to me in Harrisburg, Montgomery Co., Ohio, in October, 1865. This body met pi suant to appointment at Harrisburg, Montgomery Co., Ohio, in Octobi 1865, and completed its organization. Of the ministers present who wore the former conference were Jacob Swank, John Swank, George Shoemaker a J. Shoemaker and a legal number of lay delegates, Brothers D. Rasor and G. Marsh having died in the meantime. The other branch of the Brethren in Christ is locally known as “ Wonper, three carpenters, four school-teachers, three butchers, one saw-mill, two sue and brick masons, two milliner stores, one flour exchange, one union c irch, one schoolhouse, one hotel, two painters, three millers and one ditcher. Te village at one time had a large trade; from about 1830 to 1865, there were a reat many goods sold yearly. H. R. Smith was the first merchant, but wheu h commenced business is not known. Michael Reouk sold goods in an early r. The merchants then succeeded each other about as follows: Kinsey & Biple, Redebaugh & Heck, Warren Estabrook came about fifty-five years ago. E cut up pork for several years extensively, and built a large storeroom in 1M; sold to H. M. Turner in 1846, and he also did a very large business un- 1860. He sold to Beachler & Heverling. Their successors were S. L. Herr, iters & Herr, Schaeffer & Baker, Baker & Young; then S. L. Herr again: in Herr & Smith, the present proprietors. David Swank started a store iljat 1846, and was succeeded by -Joseph Studybaker, William Hurley, S. G. dislich, Tobias Q. Landis, S. G. Masslick and J. H. Landis, the present lorietor. Warren Estabrook built the first hotel, and sold to Willaim -! imerset about 1847. Then David Borden kept it, George Geist, Samuel u lire, H. Teissel, John Vatter and Mrs. E. A. Stoker, the proprietress at pent. The blacksmiths were Messrs. Emerick, Edwards, James Cart-- gilt, John Nolan, Robert Turner, John Compton, Jacob Saylor, Fred ijiley, Hezekiah Hull and Jacob Saylor. The wagon-makers were Leon- i’ Billmyer, Samuel Smith, Jacob Rauch, William Bandon and Joseph kith. John Lizet is carrying on the business now. The cabinet busi- -8 and undertaking was carried on first by Augustus Haskins, William Gride, George Shell, Emanuel F. Warner, W. Schaeffer and W. H. Carl, 1 is now engaged in the business. The saddle and harness making was Led on by James Ivlepser and Steele Smith, who is yet in the business. A h Harris first manufactured boots and shoes on an extensive scale in early ns. He employed many hands and supplied the whole country. Among e mployes was Emanuel Schultz, the member elect to represent this Con- viional district in the Forty-eighth Congress, who lives at Miamisburg. bother shoemakers were Morgan Stillwell, Gottlieb Wahl, G. M. Williams, 'A. Steele. Those who are now engaged in the business are Timothy utley, J. L. A. Smith. John Vicroy and Samuel Goodyear. The tinners ■a Samuel Frantz, succeeded by Henry Beachler; Jonathan H. Kline is r ly engaged in the business at this time. Coopering was an extensive mess at one time. D. H. Wilson is the only cooper here. The tailors e T. F. Wieser and David Woodrow. Union — Was laid out February 12, 1816, by Daniel Rasor and David o er. The first house built is yet standing. The village at this time has r stores, two blacksmith -shops, one wagon-maker and carriage shop, one mge trimmer, one cooper shop, two shoemaker shops, two grocery stores, v.entist, two doctors, one gunsmith, one tile factory, two butchers, one ho- ‘■'Ae church, one schoolhouse, two school-teachers, one preacher, one painter '-■me saw-mill. The Narrow Gauge Railroad runs through it, and its for- ^activity will very likely revive again. Thei’e are two large warehouses r | and is a grain market again, and new buildings are being erected every 11 There is no other village in the county that has better water-power a Union has, but it is not now utilized for any purpose. The I'ailroad will mbtedly bring capital and energy to the place and set machinery humming 1 a for it had extensive manufacturing interests at one time. lr. Skinner was among the first merchants. D. K. Boyer, William and An y w Sheets, Alfred Hoover and other merchants have done business in the 64 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. place. J. Slockstager, John Sheets and John Young have stores now. T tailors were M. Bear, Jacob Dewey, Charles Cartwright and Jerry Skelli George Sinks and Mr. Hawthorne are carrying on blacksmithing. Theo Eby is a dentist and commands an extensive trade. A Mr. Protzman was t first hotel -keeper; the hotel business was good in early days: William Sto is the hotel proprietor now, and has been engaged in it for many years. Geoi Lockert is a wagon and carriage maker. W. A. West, carriage trimmer a painter. David Shaw and John Sheets are grain merchants. Pat O’Brien a cooper. Tennessee Flack is a brick-maker. Henry Sheets is a gunsmi Henry Beck and Lewis Reedy are shoemakers and have been here for ma year's. It has one huckster in the person of Jacob McCarter. Solomon He chelrode was a cabinet-maker; also John Wolf. Leicester Smith, in 18 carried on chair-making extensively. Samuel Young is a plasterer; Edw: McMurray, mason; George Stokes, carpenter. Harrisburg — Was laid out by Mathias Gish and others May 6, 1841; also, was the first merchant. David Bowers, Tucker & Report, Silas Coble. Beard, Harvey lams, D. L. Tate, C. Donson and Lamen lams were its a chants in the past. James Vorhi.s, H. C. Weaver and Josiah Miller are p prietors of stores respectively. Mathias Gish built the first hotel. Jc Walker, Henry Frantz, F. O’Niel, Frank Lesh and Jeremiah Kopp were la lords in the past. Jacob Becker is proprietor of the hotel now. Mr. Lai was the first blacksmith, succeeded by Reese, Blackburn and Wallace. Jc Kopp. Christian Stuckhart and his son Lewis are having a shop at this tii Pierce Bryant has a shop too. Murray was its first wagon-maker. Oelest Lieber is carrying on the same business. Rasor & Liebert had a hub and sp factory atone time, but burnt out some years since and have not rebuilt. Ja lams runs a saw mill and planing-machine. Jacob Witwer was the first s die and harness manufacturer; Obediah Jackson bought his stock. Jost Rasor followed the same occupation until recently. Jacob Wey bright bui large warehouse on the railroad and handles a large amount of grain. Narrow Gauge Railroad has a station and telegraph office here, which ma it very convenient for the surrounding country. It has a church and a sell house. At Harrisburg lives the veteran car [ tenter and builder, Michael Lc necker, who has put up more buildings of a substantial character than any i in the township. It has a huckster in the person of A. G. Roof, who hat extensive trade. Taylorsburg . — This is a small hamlet in the southern part of the to ship; was laid out many years ago by Adam Rodebaugh. The first mercl was John Wagner, followed by Philip Grove, Samuel Fetters, H. Weis: baugh, M. Kinsel, W. H. Conover and Henry W agner, who has a store i The first blacksmith was Fred Wolf. Reuben Saylor is now a disciple of can. John Zichnor was the first wagon-maker. Mr. Wagner has a good ti now in that line. The first shoemaker was John Wagner. Joseph Sam yet follows St. Crispin’s occupation. Moses Spittler has a saw-mill. Will, Lutz is a huckster. JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 65 JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. \ T a session of the Commissioners, held June 10, 1805, the township bear- ing the above name was formed from German Township, and embraced i; ollowing territory: Bounded by the Southwest Branch of the Miami and : a continuing west from the north boundary of the eighth range, between the i li River on the north; by the Miami River on the east; by the line run- i j west between the fifth and sixth tier of sections in the township, begin- n on the river between Sections 25 and 36, in the third township, fifth tb, and continuing west to the line between the third and fourth ranges (on ine of Harding Township); thence north with said line to the hrst-men- n d line, eomprising an extensive tract of land, from which several other v, blips were afterward formed. The township assumed its present form ::st ‘21, 1841, and is the territory between Madison on the north, Harrison, iui and the Miami River, on the east, Miami and German Townships on the u , and Jackson on the west. The appellation was given it in honor of laas Jefferson, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence and . Iiird President of the United States. It is well watered by the following ms: Big Bear Creek, flowing in a southeasterly direction, through the stm half of the township, from north to south; Little Bear Creek, crossing mithwest corner, and “Possum” Creek, flowing in a southern direction gh the eastern part of the township and emptying into the Great Miami v, which makes a horseshoe-like curve in the southeastern corner of the 'vision. The township is traversed by improved pikes intersected by nu- ns dirt or summer roads, by means of which all points throughout the sur- ging country can be reached. Of these, the most important are the Day- x Germantown, Dayton & Western and the Farmersville & Carrollton. irst-named crosses the township diagonally, extending from the Soldiers’ >4, in Section 1, in a southwestern direction, to the corner of Section 33, > files from the Jackson Township line; the Dayton & Western crossing wnship from east to west, forming the dividing line between this and xion Township; the Farmersville & Carrollton crossing the southern part t township from west to east. The C. , H. & D. R. R. also passes through ■ 1 utheastern corner of the subdivision, running parallel with the Great ai River. The surface of the country is varied, being, in general, rather 1% or undulating, and, in some places, quite hilly. The highest land of wnship is probably along the center of its northern part, which elevation, ■i b decreasing in height, extends some distance southward, from which the * m either side slopes eastward and westward to the limits of the township, eiills are principally confined to the region about Bear Creeks, while a " ful ralley stretches across the southern part of the subdivision, where is 11 quite a broad expanse of level country. The soil is very fertile, es- dy in the rich bottom lands, and is well adapted for agricultural purposes, curing favorably in point of fertility with any of Montgomery County, the hiss of which with its yielding properties is hardly surpassed by any in ' tate. It has a variety of timber, such as sugar, hickory, walnut, ash, 'Unn, beech, etc., sugar greatly predominating, while but little beech is u . which is confined to the higher elevations, and in the lowlands are much ;! -ii id walnut. The staple productions are corn, wheat and tobacco, the lat- 1 kng raised, in great quantities, as is evidenced by the numerous sheds 66 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. dotting the township, where it is prepared for the market. The people are dustrious and law-abiding, and, if we are to judge from the number of churc a religious community, and are mainly tillers of the soil, there beino- but town and village in the subdivision — Liberty and Gettersburg, the for situated in Section 9, near the center, and the latter on Big Bear Creek, in i tion 28, in the southern part of the township. The National Soldiers’ Hi is located in this township, of which the people have great reasons to be pr< they having been so highly honored by the location of this important and neticent institution — a Natiqn’s gift to her defenders, within their scop country, the natural beauty of whose lands furnished the grand site overlool the city of Dayton and the lovely Miami Yalley for miles around. It is only the largest and most flourishing institution of the kind in this country, one of the largest in the world. A full description of this will be given t where in this work. Also in this township is located the county infirmary the school section belonging to German Township. EABLY SETTLEBS AND SETTLEMENTS. “Never,” says an early writer, “since the golden age of poets, did Syren song of peace and of farming’ reach so many ears, and gladden so rr hearts as after Wayne’s treaty at Greenville in 1795. ‘The Ohio,’ as it called, seemed to be, literally, a land dowing with milk and lionov. farmer wrote home of a soil ‘richer to appearance than can possibly be n by aid;’ of plains and meadows without the labor of hands sufficient to sup'J millions of cattle summer and winter; of wheat lands that would vie with Island of Sicily; and of bogs from which might be gathered cranberries eaci to make tarts for all New England, while the lawyer said that as he rodel: circuit, his horse’s legs were dyed to the knee with the juice of the wild stil berry. At that time the diseases and hardships of frontier life were not d upon; the administration of Washington had healed the divisions among States; the victory of Wayne had brought to terms the dreaded savages, as the dweller on the barren shore of the Atlantic remembered these things the wonderful facts, in addition, that the inland garden to which he was vited was crossed in every direction by streams even then counted on as afi| ing means for free commercial intercourse, and that it possessed besides nej 700 miles of river and lake coast, the inducements for emigration became strong to be resisted; the wagon was tinkered up at once, the harness pate | anew, and a few weeks found the fortune-seeker looking down fromi Chestnut ridge or Laurel Hill upon the far-reaching forests of the We Such glowing accounts were not without results, for so soon as the treat Greenville and the cessation of the Indiau war had removed the last obsi to the peopling of this extensive region, the active spirit of emigration strained during the years of hostilities, was now set free and the living col began its Westward movement with an impetus that was destined steadi increase till the whole vast area should be possessed and peopled. During year 1766, nearly 1,000 flat-boats passed Marietta laden with emigrant; their way to the more attractive regions of the Miami in the Southwest, beo-an the tide of emigration, the effects of which are before us. To att< giving much of the very early history of J efferson Township, compr: ang did originally much of the land of the county upon which settlers began sq: ting, many remaining permanently, as early as the close of the eighteenth tury, at this late day more than three-quarters of a century ago, when the band of pioneers came, and that generation having long since disappet would be impossible. However, after diligent research, we trust to be ab present many points connected with the early history of the township. ; JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 67 e'ly pioneers settling in this township did not deviate from what has proved P o-eneral custom to have been, viz., to have sought elevated land along some seam or in the vicinity of a spring; this, as is apparent to the reader, was for aSwofold purpose, for we find that the earliest settlement of which any knowl- re can be obtained along Big Bear Creek, in the vicinity of Liberty, where, aearly as the beginning of the century, amid the song's of birds, could be burd the ax of John Gripe, who, at that early day, actuated by a desire or 1, o-ing to better his condition, bade adieu to the regions of the Keystone Site, turning his face to the direction whither the “ Star of Empire ” takes i( way, determined to hew out for himself and family, from the wilderness of tl West, a home. Here his cabin was built, and, for years, with his better hi and little ones about him. this sturdy man began the task incumbent upon anew-comers to the West. At about the same time, from Virginia, came ; m Miller and one Gingerick — brothers -in daw — both effecting settlements whin the present limits of this subdivision. They, too, through the buoyancy lope, left the land of their childhood and friends dear, to try their fortune “ Where rolls the tranquil waters Of the blue Miami.” Their families accompanied them, but of what they consisted we are un- to to say. They effected settlements along Bear Creek. Among those com- e a. little later were George Hoffman and family. Hoffman came from off aurel Hill,” eager to leave the land of chestnuts for a home in the Western ost, beneath whose boughs and shaded turf lie hidden untold wealth. He nisred a half-section of land east of Liberty, and at once, with the assistance of . inestimable wife, built in the forest primeval a rude shed, which served as a pile of abode for all until time and circumstances permitted of a change, ffman had been united in marriage with Fannie Enimert, and the union was Isedwith thirteen children — Barbara, Betsey, Susie, Jacob, John, Fannie, , i a, Katie, Sarah, Ester and Mary; the three first named were born in ' nsylvania. Jacob Mullendore, a native of Virginia, settled on the present site of Toersburg in 1802, and there lived for many years. During the war of 4, he hauled flour to the soldiers al Greenville. In 1803, Michael Myers “ od within the present limits of the township in question. As early as the year 1804, Maryland responded to the call and sent forth Ihael Moyer, who settled in Section 27. We give the date from tax dupli- a of 1804, not otherwise being able to arrive at such period; that year he " taxed on 614 acres of land, located in the section above mentioned. Michael Weaver, another of Pennsylvania’s sons, emigrated to Ohio with Family in 1804, and located on Little Bear Creek, three miles north of fnisburg, where he lived and died. His son Peter, who was eleven years tovhen hia father came to this State, became a carpenter by trade and was a firal mechanic, being able to make almost anything from wood. He made ue a leading business of manufacturing wind-mills for many years, and r e and put up tee first one ever erected in Ohio, at that time being nineteen e>3 old. He was for sixty years or more a member of the Lutheran Church. k?as twice married, his second wife being Cassidiana Fisher, daughter of rlerick Fisher, who was also an early settler here, but came a few years 11 than the Weaver family. Mr. Weaver died July 20, 1879, aged Tty-six years, leaving his wife, who still survives at the age of eighty years, Q'! three children, viz., John, Henry P. arid Peter S. , the two first named by his first wife. This same year came from Pennsylvania another family of Weavers, viz.. 68 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Jacob Weaver, who, on the 24th of October, 1786, was united in marriage wi Margaret Gebhart, both being natives of that State. Jacob entered a tract land on Little Bear Creek; their children were Henry, Michael, Jacob, Pet Philip, John S., Mary M., Margaret, Eva and William, of whom John ai Margaret are the only survivors. Another, whose name we omitted above as belonging to the number, wl in the early days of the year 1800, reached the Miami and crossed its swell waters in search of a home, was Jacob Miller, “ a very exemplary man, and o that played a conspicuous part in the early history of the township. At t time of his arrival in Ohio, the country was a dense forest, inhabited bynurn ous tribes of Indians. He was an Elder in the German Baptist Church, a: it is said of him that he frequently visited them in their wigwams, and wor sing and pray with them, which, together with his kind and friendly treatme toward them, led them to reverence, respect and protect him under all circui stances. They called him ‘ the good man the Great Spirit sent from the Eat He was born in Franklin County, Penn., in the year 1735; his parents ca; from Germany; he united with the church in early life and was set apart the ministry. He married young and moved to Franklin County, Va., int year 1765; he there labored in his official calling, and built up a large chur< which still remains to this day. He located in Sections 35 and 36, possessi 286 acres. He was the first Elder of the German Baptist persuasion to set west of that river; he labored assiduously in the cause of Christ, and, afte useful and well -spent life of fourscore years, he was summoned to meet God, whose cauae he had so long espoused, dying in the year 1815, in si; of the residence of Elder John Holler. He raised a very exemplary family children, some of whom became eminent ministers in the church.” We are of the opinion that the John Miller herein mentioned is of 1 1 family, as the oldest son of the venerable Elder bore that name; if so, he ml ried Phoebe McClure, raised a large family and died in Union City, Ind. 1 other children by name were Jacob, Tobias, Abraham, Isaac, Daniel, Samu Aaron, David, Mary, Eva and Anna. Among those who came in the year 1805, were the Weavers, Stovers, Re ers, Crulls, Kripes and Kritzers; the latter, whose “head” was Andrew, e; grated from Pennsylvania; Crull (John) and Joseph Kripe settled in the vioj ity of Liberty. Jacob Flory was another settler of this year, and in vicinity just named. His wife was Mary Overhulser; they moved into C Township in 1817. The Rechers, consisting of Peter and Elizabeth Reel emigrated from Frederick County, Md., by means of a four-horse wag bringing with them six children, viz., Jacob, John, Mary, Peter, Joseph i Daniel. The following three were born in Jefferson Township; Eliae Fr erick and Louis. The mother’s maiden name was Protzman. Recher bou land second -handed, purchasing 240 acres, lying in Main, about one mile M of Liberty, of John Miller. He became, before many years, a large la owner, possessing at one time over 1,100 acres. Joseph, who now resides the home place, is quite an old yet well-preserved man; was born in Fredei County, Md., in 1801. He married Catharine Staver, some lifty-odd y( ago, and has ever since lived as located. Peter Weaver, with his good w Elizabeth, whose maiden name was Heist, and with three children — Ja< Henry and John, came from Pennsylvania and settled on Bear Creek, enter;; Section 18, where the rude cabin was erected and pioneer life begun. Of children were here born unto them, by name, Peter, Abraham. Ester, Eliza! and Barbara. The boys all remained in this region and assisted in clear' much of the land in their several localities. Of the grandchildren of tijj venerable parents, Abraham, familiarly known as “Uncle Abe,” though r JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 69 L it,e an old man, having passed man’s allotted years, is living on the old limestead, where, in the year 1808, light for the first time dawned upon his sion. He has for years been a close observer of the weather’, and more re- ,'atly been connected with the Dayton Journal in preparing for it meteoro- >ical weather reports, and is sometimes styled the “Weather Prophet.” He ills us that a decided change in the winters of now and then has taken place, wing “ that when snow fell it usually remained all winter.” Frederick Staver, rose parents, Adam and Fannie, with a number of children, settled in Jack- f ii Township, bought land of Mr. Gingerick, 240 acres, adjoining the Peter Jfccher tract, entered by Miller. He had quite a large family, as did most of 0 pioneers. His wife’s name was Elizabeth, and the children, viz., Frederick, hn, Tobias, Casper, Daniel, William, Elias, Catharine, Elizabeth, Mariah, ; rah and Eebecca. Each succeeding year brought new-comers, and additional coins graced the hillsides of the dense wood, and the sound of the pioneer’s was heard, and the smoke of his cabin chimney ascended from more than c| peaceful settlement, and little by little civilization was making good its , ranee. Henry Hepner, Isaac Miller, John Snepp and Jacob Diehl came in 1806. Lpner and wife (Mai’y Hyser) emigrated from Virginia; both were originally fm Pennsylvania, Lancaster County, where Henry was born in 1762. He ;ered 160 acres of land in the northeastern part of Jackson Township, bor- cij'ing on Jefferson, and built his first cabin, which was rude indeed, in the t/nship first spoken of. In the building of this a happy thought struck him, uch he took advantage of. A huge oak stood on the site located for his place 0 abode, and, in felling it, great care was exercised to leave the stump a cer- tu height; this was properly dressed and the cabin raised over it; suffice to s, it was the table of that home for years, and, while it was not one of the Leered tables of to-day, it, nevertheless, was a substantial one, and must are worn an air of solidity that was charming — thus illustrative of the old lorism — “Necessity is the mother of invention.” Mr. Hepner soon added his farm by pm’chasing a tract of land in Jefferson, adjoining that entered ' him. In a few years, he built again, and this time in Jefferson Township, tj parents accompanied them, they being natives of Germany. His father id in 1813. Henry was a blacksmith and a very ingenious kind of a man; ale his own knives and forks and proved a very useful and much-needed 1 lition to the settlements for miles around. How fitting here the lines of the Pit: “The smith, a mighty man is he, With large and sinewy hands.” He died, aged seventy-three, his wife living to be ninety-seven; they had 1 children — George, Polly, John, Sophia, Lydia and Diana, the two first and v last-mentioned being twins. His daughter, “Aunt Lydia” Shanefelt, a type of the pioneer women, is now residing on the homestead, where the (thful days of her childhood were passed, having seen the frosts of over diescore and ten winters. Isaac Miller and family, composed of his wife Labeth and several children, came with the Hepners from Virginia, and en- e fd a quarter-section of land on what is known as the Jacob Hoover place. f Nancy and Elizabeth are the children who were born to them in the Key- J e State, and came thither with them. The family here resided many 7t; - s, when they removed into Perry Township, where the father died, in b l, in his eighty-fifth year. By trade, he was a cabinet maker, and did pe an extensive business in making coffins for the pioneers. His son John 70 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. was about seventeen years of age when they arrived in Montgomery Count He. later, married Susanna Miller, daughter of Isaac Miller above mentioned Mr. Miller served in the Revolutionary war. John Diehl was the father of te children, seven of whom are now living. He died August 26, 1874. John and Margaret Snepp, with two children — Leonard and Eve— can from Lancaster County, Penn., and temporarily lived on the Joseph Rechi farm, but, in a few years, settled near Liberty, on the farm now owned 1 Simon Gebhart. on which now resides William Getter. In after years, tin were blessed with two more children — Sarah and John, the latter born in ISO! and now resides on a very tine tract of land near Gettersburg. As early 1798 could be seen one of Jefferson Township’s pioneers in the person of Dav: Bowman, whose name will long be remembered in connection with the ear religious history of this section of Ohio, drifting, as it were, with his got wife and rudely constructed raft down tlip Ohio, on his way to the count] about the Little Miami River, whither he was going, to build a mill for parti who had preceded him. The mill was erected, and, Bowman, impressed \vi the country, remained, and, after living in the locality and milling sever years, removed to the neighborhood of Miamisburg and there lived sever years, thence to Jefferson Township, buying a quarter-section of land of Geor; Kunz, in the northwestern part of the subdivision. He was a minister of tl Gospel, belonging to the denomination called German Baptists. He was i struinental in establishing several churches west of the Great Miami and 1 bored faithfully for the cause of Christ. He was born uear Hagerstown, Me March 30, 1775, and, at the age of eighteen, went to Frankstown, Penn., ui learned the trade of a cabinet-maker. He was united in marriage with B; bara Bouser, and there were born to them six children — Ester, John, Pol! Katie, David and Betsy. He died April 20, 1860, and his wife February 1865, in her ninety-first year. Andrew Noffsinger lived on land next to David Bowman, Sr. , John ai Dan Noffsinger living in the vicinity of the Noffsinger Church; all were o pioneers. In the year 1812 came, from Morrison Cove. Penn., Adam Sho and family, and settled where Jonas Shock now lives. The children wt Martin, Jacob, Daniel, Jonas, Adam, Catharine, Nancy, Barbara, Micha Lucy and Elizabeth. About the year 1815, Daniel Neff, a Kentuckian, was added to the sett ment. His wife was a daughter of Peter Weaver. Mrs. Neff died in 18- and he in 1851. The following year came from Pennsylvania Jacob Harp a wife, Elizabeth Bowman. He served in the war of 1812. In 1818, Day 1 Wertz and family settled on land to the south of Abram Weaver. Wertz hai! from Berks County, Penn., in the year 1812, but stopped a few years in W;| ren County. George and Catharine (Marker) Patten settled in the easte part of the township in the year 1819, having purchased 154 acres of land David Bowman. They were from the Middletown Valley, Frederick Coun Md. In 1820, came John Getter, from Pennsylvania. Thus is given a br sketch of some of the hardy sons of toil, who sacrificed the comforts oi no; and friends, and encountered the hardships and braved the dangers oi a fro ier life, converting the forests into the fine farms of the present and maki possible the high state of civilization and advancement attained. CHURCHES. Tho earliest denominations to effect church organizations in the towns! were the German Baptists, the Lutherans and German Reformed. These beg their labors at the same time the first ray of civilization illumined the gr forest. Elder Jacob Miller, a sketch of whose life is given above, was the fi JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 71 j reach to the pioneers of this vicinity. Services were then held in the Ties, which were “God’s first temples,” and in each other’s cabins, until after unhiding of schoolhouses and meeting-houses. The Rev. David Bowman ■a; also one of the very early German Baptist ministers, a colleague of Miller, h first meeting-house of the township was a union one, built jointly by the neran aud German Reformed people in the year 1812. It was constructed f ewed logs, one story high, with an extensive gallery, and was a model i’iture for the day, each of the male members hewing his share and haul- i< ,hem to the site selected. This was known as Salem Church and stood in ! eastern part of Section 28. The organization of the Lutheran denomina- 0 was effected by the Rev. Mr. Dill, who was their first minister. Some of j; early families were the Snepps, the Gebliarts, the Stavers, the Weavers bpb’s family), the Apples and the Heeters. Of the Reformed denomination el the Rechers and the Leichtys. Organized by the Rev. Thomas Winters. Boi sects worshiped in this church until the erection of the present brick 1 lia^ in 1860. This stands a little south of the old site, and is likewise r story in height, with a gallery; has a spire and bell; the latter was cast at uduckeye Foundry, Cincinnati, costing $200. The church cost about $3,000. C Albrecht and Rev. Peter Prugh are the present pastors of the Lutheran i! German Reformed Churches respectively. Returning again to the German Baptists, of whom we can say but little ■Acting their early church history, as no records are in existence, and those > lorn such details were familiar have taken their last sleep. However, we ujiafely say that as early as the year 1808, several societies were organized is section. About that time, Elder David Bowman effected the organiza- oinow at the Bear Creek Church, and Elder Jacob Miller the one at the oer Church, formerly known as the Noffsinger Church. It would be well j jld that the Bear Creek Church is, perhaps, better known as the Bowman h'ch. The Bowmans, Diehls, Wolfs, Ullerys, Shiveleys and Metzgers were oil of the early families belonging to the Bowman society. Also the Wea- : . And to the other society, the Noffsingers, Huffmans and Claglors. The 0 nan society built their first church in the year 1838. It was of brick, but ul. and was replaced in about 1850 by the present building, which is like- i- of brick, one story, having a basement, valued at $2,000. Preachers in district who serve the charge are Revs. Mr. Fitzgerald, Isaac Bright and B Bowman, Jr. ; membership about 100. The Miller society erected their ; church in about the year 1847, on ground donated by Eli and Samuel ojinger. This was a one-story brick, and was replaced by the present com- 1 ous one in 1871. It is a very substantial building, one story in height, I has a basement. It is constructed of brick and cost in the neighborhood 3,500. Elder George Holler is in charge; membership over 100. The I'Aards, as they are generally called, are frugal and industrious, and are also f in and good class of people, and, in demeanor, are very much like the "ids or Quakers. The German Reformed Chmch, called the “Mount Car- t Church,” located on Section 12, on the Dayton & Germantown pike, was .aized in 1853, by the Rev. David Winters, and the present brick edifice f ed m 1873, at a cost of nearly $2,000. In the year 1853, a one-story i: church was built within a mile of this site by the organization in ques- ° which served them during the intervening years. Rev. Adam Hawker is n present pastor, and the membership is eighty. St. Peter’s Evangelical i.eran Church was organized and the honse built in 1872. It is a one- o brick and cost $3,000. Prior to the year 1872, the members of this Tich worshiped at Providence Church, in Perry Township, but the distance ’ Woe members in this locality being so far, and especially for the aged, for 72 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNT!. convenience" sake many withdrew and established the one named, which is catecl in the northern part of Section 5, on the Eaton pike. The present cumbent is Rev. C. H. Albrecht. SCHOOLS. Among the early schoolhouses in the township were the following, sta ing on the sites designated: One at the intersection of the Farmersville & ( mantown pikes, near Gettersburg, which was the first, as far as we have t able to learn, built in the township. School was held here as early as ISO 18 10, taught by a Mr. Brown. At a little later date, there was a school'll, on the Eli Ebberly farm, in which both German and English were ta'Ugh one Clinger. Another of the early schoolhouses stood on Section 18, on Peter Weaver place. One Oblinger, a Jew, was the teacher. Prior to building of this, he held school in a cabin, having been vacated by Peter AY. er. These schools were all sustained by subscription, there being then no o mode of supply. The first law enacted in Ohio making any provisions! public schools was in 1821, but nothing was accomplished, and, in 1825, a ther act was passed mandatory in its character, commanding the districtin each township. In 1838, provision was made for the building of dial schoolhouses. However, as numerous as were the laws on this subject, it a number of years before the cessation of subscription schools and the adop of r the present public school system; and for years intervening between, schools were partially carried on by subscription, some public money bv?e are numerous stone quarries, some of which have been extensively > ed. The most important and valuable are the Miller and List quarries — the rer, located south of Amity, producing the best stone (a brown limestone) i luilding purposes, an 1 the latter, situated south of Trotwood, Tarnishing oest flagging for paving uses. Advantage was taken of the abundance of 0 ; in this region by the early settlers, as will be seen further along. The tier is of that kind and variety usually known to the character of the soil, u le bottom lands are oak, sugar, hickory, blue ash and walnut, the latter travailing. On the higher and poorer lands grew sugar and beech. The ■do, Delphos & Burlington Railroad crosses the northeastern portion of the "ship, and the Dayton & Western runs diagonally through the center from e outheast to the northwest corner. The inhabitants are composed almost exclusively of the German extraction. 1 are industrious, frugal and honest. In politics, the majority of these peo- 1 ire Democrats. The total number of votes polled at the November elec- 1880, was 476 — Demo -ratio, 318; Republican, 158. The Democratic ma- ' r for the Legislature in 1841 was 51, and the majority for Governor in 1 was 58. The population of the township, as given by the census of 1880, Throughout the township may be found many evidences of that mysterious in who dwelt in this fair land long before the Indian made his appearance, iC 4 whose antiquity nothing is known but that little which is gleaned by ecologists from these curious mounds, fortresses and other earthworks scat- l ' ( over the country, and, as footprints of time, showing the great antiquity 11 people whose hands formed them, as well as their warlike nature and uei janical skill. These works are sometimes of monstrous size, and built of - n or gravel, in some cases, in localities where neither sand nor gravel can e tained within a mile of where they were built. Of these people, or the 76 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. various theories advanced as to their customs, etc., we have not now to d suffice it to say that the works of their hands still exist, and that the Indi knew nothing of them further than that they had among them legends han down through countless generations to the effect that a mighty and war people lived here, who built houses, worked metals, and were otherwise aa white men are to-day, and were driven away by their forefathers. On these mounds stands on the south side of the railroad, one and three foir miles below Trotwood, on Stephen Ullery’s farm. It was five feet in hei and thirty feet in diameter. Growing out of its exact center there w scrubby tree, three feet in diameter, its roots occupying the whole mound, extending through it to the ground below, as was discovered by Dr. Ska who, with the aid of two horses, scoops, shovels and men, made an exten excavation of it for scientific purposes. His search was rewarded by find at various depths, six or eight human skeletons, with their feet concentra in the center. Under them there were quantities of charcoal in a perfect s of preservation. There is another mound about a mile east of Trotwood, c posed entirely of sand so far as has yet been discovered, but no excavation been made. Another is to be seen in Maj. Count’s woods, one and a half u southeast of Trotwood, and still another on the farm of William Patton latter is the largest in the township, being fifteen feet high. They are 1 mostly of sand, but one of them has some fine gravel mixed in with the s; The last three of these have not yet been fully explored, but it is to be he that they will soon be examined, and the secrets, if any, that are buriec their bosoms may be brought to light for the benefit of science. PIONEERS. “They came to the West when the forest stood Mighty, and solemn and grand, And built their homes in the shade of the wood, That covered our Western land, When the blue, wide waters, crystal clear, Flowed onward, swift and free, As the unchained love of the pioneer Gushed forth for liberty.” From tradition has been handed down the name of John Williams as of the first settlers in the territory now comprising Madison Township; in 1800, Mr. Williams lived on land on Wolf Creek, which, later, was ent by him. He became a prominent and influential man. David Ward wa;- other, who, with his family, settled on Wolf Creek, in the same vicinity, u year 1800, and, on the opening of the land offices, entered that tract of 1 In 1801, Leonard Wolf and family left Lancaster County, Penn., for a h west of the Alleghanies, and, after several weeks of slow travel, reached country now known as Montgomery County, settling in Jefferson Towns Here they remained a few years, then crossed over and entered Section 2 what is now Madison Township. A saw mill was erected in this section carried on by one of his sons in an early day. About the year 1 John H. Williams, a native of Dover, Del., settled on Wolf Creek, where h< tered a tract of land, upon which he lived until 1812, when he removed what is now Harrison Township, in the history of which more will l>e sai him. Let not the reader confound this man Williams with the one month above, for they are different men. Among these advance guards is ciassec name of Peter Dietrick, who, with his family, composed of his wife, Bari and eight children, settled this same year in Section 1, entering the land. 1803 were added to the thinly settled region the Ullerys, including three 1 families, hailing from the Keystone State, county of Huntingdon ban MADISON TOWNSHIP. 77 me and John. Samuel married a Gripe, and to them were born nine chil- , namely, Elizabeth, Barbara, Sue, Ester, Sarah, Catharine, Hannah, John n Samuel. He entered the northwest quarter of Section 35; Isaac entered northeast quarter of Section 34, and John the south half of Section 35. ms’s family included his wife, Barbara, and five children, namely, Elizabeth, -r, David, John and Stephen. Valuable accessions were made to the little xiy in the year 1804, when came the families of George and Jacob Kunz. L>e, too, were Pennsylvania’s sons, and men of means, especially the former t speculated extensively in land, and in an early period possessed several k sand acres in the county. George entered Section 28, and there lived in a ace, comparatively speaking, for in those days few were the places of abode Jr than the rude cabin with its calpboard roof, held with weight poles, its a iney of sticks and mud, and the puncheon floor, and door on large wooden les. Yet these humble but comfortable and substantial cabins were their cos, where bright eyes, rosy cheeks and lusty frames were possessed by the uites, and hard work and happiness and sweet contentment reigned supreme, i house to which we refer was erected in 1808, of stone quarried on that sec- 0 It was two stories high and neatly finished, being then “ the house ” of 1 lis region. It is still standing, and is now occupied by Esquire I. Gulick, of the substantial farmers of the present. George Kunz was a native of e s County, Penn. , where he married Elizabeth Gripe, and to them were the following children: John, Jacob, Daniel, David, Joseph, Polly Eliza- 1 Ester, Susan and Hannah. The other brother, Jacob, entered portions ictions 16 and 17. He was the grandfather of J. T. Kunz, now a worthy m respected citizen of the township, in which he has held several offices of ;r and trust, and, in the stormy days of 1861-65, was chosen Major of the h 1 Regiment of Montgomery County militia. The year 1805 witnessed ad- ms to the settlement in the persons of the Shi veleys, embracing several ulies — Christian and Susana, with seven children — Christian, Jacob, Dan - i, ohn, David, Elizabeth and Susana — the boys all being married except I d and John. They left their Pennsylvania homes with high hopes of find- peyond the Ohio their share of the unquestioned wealth slumbering in the •b of that land. Going by wagon from Huntingdon County to McKeesport, i e they boarded a flat-boat, called a “ broad-horn,” thence to Cincinnati, and agon to the Wolf Creek settlement, where they were hailed with joy, and, b their families, clustered around the little nucleus already formed, adding strength and social comfort, as well as facilitating labor. They were in- H'ious, and of that hardy class coming from the Keystone State — large of - a re and well developed physically and equal to the occasion of surmounting many obstacles and braving the dangers incumbent upon those destined to eeopling of a new country. Christian, Jr., married Susan Gripe, and on t arrival, the family was composed of four. He entered the southeast 1: jer of Section 27, and there built his cabin, and the work of clearing be- II Daniel settled on the tract just west, entering 160 acres; David, on the om adjoining on the east, entering the same amount of land; John and his t r, in Jefferson Township, entering Sections 3 and 4 respectively. The i r was a native of Maryland, and his father of Switzerland. Christian, ’• ras a very useful man among the colonists; his strength and activity were t led by none, giving him precedence over all at log-rollings and raisings, 1 bich occasions he was generally chosen Captain. He was of an ingenious i being a “ jack of all trades,” and serving as the cabinet-maker and under - b of the neighborhood; also as the physician, being a natural bone-setter. Pp this period, there was no grist-mill in this section of the country, and -0 ioneers were obliged to go to Middletown for their grinding. The grain 78 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. was conveyed to and from the mill, of course, in a manner in keeping with times. Two horses were made use of, 'one for the rider and the other to cs the grain, which was fastened on securely by means of straps or thono-s, ; the horse led through the unbroken paths of the dense forest by the ride) the other. On these journeys an occasional bear was seen prowling about, ; the yelp of the wolf heard, which, doubtless, tended to quicken the steps of pioneer’s horse. Christian, Jr., resided in his first rudely built cabin u 1811, when he contracted with David Baker, of Dayton, to build him a t story stone house for the sum of $100. It was in war times, and mechai had but little to do, hence the exceedingly low price. There was a good ee dug and a fine house erected, covered with lap shingles; the stone were fa from the quarry in Section 28. It is now standing, being occupied by Ds H. Oliver. In this house was born Owen G. Shiveley, a well-to-do farmer Jefferson Township, and one of the thinking and reading men of the coin who is highly respected by its citizens. In the year 1805 also came fr Huntingdon County, Penn., John Gripe and family; his wife was Cathar Wolf, and their children as follows: Susan, Mary, Elizabeth, Hannah, Jo Stephen and David. He entered 160 acres of land in Section 26. During same year, John Wogaman, Sr., and family, emigrated from Somerset Oou of the State thus far supplying so abundantly this locality with her atu yeomanry, and entered land in the vicinity of the village of Amity. Of five children of this household, but one survives to reheai’se to his children children’s children the events of the days of yore — by name, “Uncle J-j Wogaman,” as he is known far and near, who, upward of sixty years ago, the paternal roof and made happy the heart of Mary Burkett. This vener; couple were, until recently separated by the death of Mrs. Wogaman, the] neer twain of the township, each close on to the goal of fourscore years i ten of well-spent time, having resided where, more than half a century i they reared the log cabin on the brow of a hill overlooking a beautiful stre the gentle murm u r of whose rippling waters these many years comforted tlj in their lonely moments. Here together these aged folks have shared ii cares and joys, and here, too, were they permitted to pass together the ever of their lives. Her death occurred March 2, 1881. This same year, from Frankstown, Penn., came John Yaniman and f ily, and entered Section 33 and portions of Sections 28 and 29. His wi name was Catharine, and their children were John, Jacob, Catharine, Be « Anna and Polly. The father died on the home farm in 1823, and his ram; were interred on the homestead. Two more of Pennsylvania’s sons resisted no longer the entreatiei friends and former neighbors in the old Keystone State, but now, in the far West, and in the year of 1807, found them tinkering up the wagon and pre] ing generally to join the tide of emigration moving westward. These were Florys — Joseph and Emanuel. They came from Somerset County. EinaD entering 160 acres of land in the western part of the township. In 1810, colony was augmented by the family of David John, coming from Lithe Of Franklin Co., Penn., in which State, in the year 1785, Mr. John and Elea Powell were married, and became, prior to emigrating to Ohio, the parent thirteen children. In the spring of the year above mentioned, they setilei the green woods, entering land near the school section. During the wa 1812, Mr. John died, leaving this pioneer woman in a new countiy, with charge of a large family, to encounter all the privations of such a situatio: best she could ; but, being a woman of hale constitution, industrious and ec omical habits, with a confiding trust in God, she was enabled to bring up family respectably, and see them settled in life. She was a religious won MADISON TOWNSHIP. 79 al, on coming here, became one of the constituent members of the Wolf Creek Iptist Church, and the only one, at her death (1848). At this time, her own cidren were thirteen ; grandchildren, seventy-one ; great-grandchildren, tirty-seven — making her descendants 121. She was familiarly known as ‘[other John.” She was extensively loved and respected by both rich and pir. This year also came Benjamin John and wife, Bhoda. the former of Welsh al the latter of English descent, from Fayette County, Penn., coming by way Cincinnati, where they landed in April, thence traveling by horseback to tlj vicinity of the village of Trotwood, where he entered land, and there died iphe year 1814, from exposure in the war of 1812, in which he served. Mr. An was born May 19, 1786, and his wife April 18 of the same year; she died 4835. Joseph John, now a resident of Yan Buren Township, who was born uthis county in 1813, is their son. The spring of 1811 brought another from Pennsylvania, John Olinger and aily, settling near what is now Post Town, on the John Vaniman farm, en- *-ng the southwest quarter of Section 22. The land patent, which is now in mtence, was granted by President Madison, and bears date of 1812, given ivr his signature. Olinger was united in marriage, before leaving the East, ai Eve Hay. and to them were born eight children — two in Pennsylvania, u the others in the State of their adoption. The stone house, two stories in hffiht, now occupied by John Yaniman, another model piece of architecture if' ye olden times,” was built by Father Olinger in the year 1816. Beneath hsod of the Bowman Burying-Ground rest his remains. Virginia responded to the call from the West, and sent forth a son in the a of 1811, David Heck and family coming to join former acquaintances. He ; e.ed on eighty acres of land formerly entered by his father-in-law, Jacob Ipler, situated in the southwest corner of the township. Heck built his cabin ■i cleared some two or three acres, but, becoming dissatisfied, and likely a he timid at* the aspect of things — it being a period when numerous reports .i,3 in circulation as to all manner of depredations that would be perpetrated vhe Indians during the war — left for his native State during the winter, h/ever, he again returned to his cabin in 1818, and in this vicinity ended i lays, living a life of usefulness through the long period of fourscore years, u: children were Samuel, John D., David L., Annie, Elizabeth, Susan, Polly a Andrew. Mr. Heck was a very stout and active man, and, with his sons s settled around him, cleared much land. On his way to this locality in the 1811, he was offered, when passing through Dayton, the corner lot where a Phillips House now stands for a fine gray horse, included in his team, ustian Heeter and family came from Huntingdon County, Penn., in 1814, i purchased 160 acres of land in Section 32, of John Wertz. Heeter married labeth Rarich, and to them were born fifteen children. The descendants of a couple were over one hundred, many of whom settled in this township and ’ ty, and did much toward converting the former wilderness into the culti- '-1 fields of the present. The father died in 1846, and the mother in 1867, a atter reaching the remarkable age of ninety years. A family of Garbers m with Heeter. The Stutsmans and Martins were early settlers. Prior to 1 ear 1813, from Bedford County, Penn., came the Metzgers; among them the families of Jacob, Andrew and Henry; also the Whitmores and Brum- es and Wagners were here in an early day. It appears of record that i'ig those entering land prior to 1812 in what was then Madison Township e the following named: Robert Wilson, Philip Bowser, James Bowman, 0 Miller, John Gripe, Henry Hess, Jacob Kunz, John Miller, Daniel Mur- cidam Replogel. Daniel Miller, Martin Wibricht, David Gripe, William 80 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Bowser, Leonard Wolf, J. Ditmer, George Kunz, William Bruce, Andrew Hoo Peter Krumine, Ephraim Owen, Benjamin Owen, Jacob Shiveley, Steph* Ullery, William Wilson. We here end a brief sketch of some of the early settlers, who have near all been called from their toils and privations to final rest. Peace be to the memories. May the present generation preserve inviolate and carry toperfe tion the sacred heritage bequeathed by them. EARLY ENTERPRISE. In this, as in nearly all newly settled countries, the industries deptnde upon trade were slow of development. Pioneer wants were proportionate their abilities to satisfy them. Milling was principally done on Wolf Ore? One of the early mills — and this appellation is scarcely applicable to it — w erected on a branch of this stream, in Section 18, by a Mr. Fryman, but it w nothing more than what was in those days styled a “ corn- cracker.” Anoth of the ancient mills was the Isaac Hyer, later known as the Weybright Mi which stood in that vicinity; and still another was the old grist, saw mill a: still house combined, erected about the year 1824, in Section 15. “ To be not to be ” seemed with this enterprise a question for several years. Its cc struction was commenced by Daniel Weymeyer, but ere the frame-work was r he was overtaken by misfortune, and the mill sold at Sheriff’s sale, and pi chased by Jerry John, who added a little toward its completion, roofing it a: placing one set of chopping stones — the old gray, or nigger-heads; then went into the hands of Amos Higgins, who pushed it to completion, giving t neighborhood the benefit of a good mill. This mill, though somewhat remc eled, is still standing and in operation, now known as the Trotwood Mill, c; ried on by Fred Herter. A carding and fulling mill was operated in Secti 14 by Joseph TJllery, and one of the very early saw-mills by Leonard Wo Samuel Ullery was probably the first blacksmith in the township. His sbj stood on the northwest quarter of Section 35. Blacksmiths of later yeai'3 w< Jacob Kimmel and John Marker. CHURCHES. The earliest religious societies in this section were those of the Germ Baptists and the old Regular Baptists. Of the latter we know but little merely that such an organization existed in the early settlement of the to\ ship. In the pioneer cabins and barns, the people of old met and raised tk voices in unison and praise in magnifying the name of their Great Preserv! The names of Jacob Miller and David Bowman, a sketch of whose lives is gh in the history of Jefferson Township, were early Elders in the German Bapt Church. The first meeting-house in the township was built by this d6nomi: tion in about the year 1832. It was a brick building, and stood in Section Joseph Garber was then the Elder in charge. This church, in the course time, was deemed too small, and a larger one was erected, which, when ab< ready for occupancy, was destroyed by fire, but was soon rebuilt, just over line in Harrison Township. The Christian Church was organized with i members, namely, Solomon Bookwalter, Joseph Smallwood and wife and Is Piatt and wife, in August, 1848. The following year, a small brick chu was erected in Section 9, which was dedicated by Rev. Isaac N. Walter, regular pastors being Caleb Worley and Thomas Wells. Here they worsbi] until the building of the new church at Trotwood, in 1872, costing $4. 0 1 The lot upon which this building stands was purchased of William Worl The present minister is Rev. B. F. Yaughm, and membership, eighty-thi The former building of this sect was sold in 1872, to a congregation knowi the “Albrecht Church, ” who occasionally hold services there. Many of people in this region worship at other churches in the adjoining townships MADISON TOWNSHIP. 81 SCHOOLS. The pioneers early began to realize the importance of giving attention to if raining and education of their children, and, as soon as they made proper i nisi on for more pressing wants, began the erection of the rnde log house as temple of learning. We are unable to give the first house built in the ■V ship, but one among the first stood in Section 35, in which was taught , English and German, by John Singer. The Shiveley Schoolhouse was -aider early one, built prior to 1818, and the “ masters” were Peter Bri gM, later, Jesse Higgins. These crude schools have steadily advanced, until if have reached a high degree of excellence, there being now twelve school nets in the township, and as many fine brick buildings, three of which were ii in 1880, two containing two rooms each. The value of school property is ( >00. The annual appropriation for school purposes is 83,500. School is •1 eight months during the year. VILLAGES. Unity, a small village located in the western part of the township, was mut October 6, 1840, by William Towman. The original plat shows six- lots. The land was purchased by Robert Brooks, who was instrumental in \ g the town laid out. This gentleman was the first merchant of the place, David Stillwell the first blacksmith. There are now in the village about H n houses, among them one general store, it answering the purpose of a wry, shoe shop, post office, etc. The post office was established here in 7 the first Postmaster being G. Weidman. frotwood, another village, or hamlet, is situated in the center of the town- ij on the Dayton & Western Railroad. It is indebted for its existence to Pfoutz, who, in 1854, after the completion of the railroad mentioned, a business house, opened a store and inaugurated the village. He became rst Postmaster, and is still in office. The American Express Company cl an office here in 1866, and the United States Company a few years e There is quite an extensive warehouse for storing away grain previous to ' ient at this station. J. B. Piatt was the first blacksmith, and his hammer llebounds against the heavy anvil. A carriage manufactory was opened in The village can boast of a first-class hotel, kept by E. Sleight, the ]o| Englishman,” and of a job printing office, carried on by J. W. Sleight, drhill is a small station on the same road, in the northwestern part of wnship. MC AFFEE MUKDER. n the year 1824. the John Keener farm was the scene of the murder of splcAffee by her husband, John McAffee. This grew out of the intense f *f the man for a Miss Hettie Shoup, then a resident of the neighborhood. 0 eed was committed while the wife lay sick in bed. and was accomplished iking her. McAffee was tried and found guilty of murder in the first n, and hanged at Dayton, near the Great Miami River, in the presence 1 10 people, the execution taking place at 3 o’clock in the afternoon of the I lay of March (Monday), 1825. 'he prisoner addressed the crowd from the scaffold, confessing his guilt. Sentence was pronounced by Judge Crane, and the execution performed 1 priff George C. Davis. This was the first murder in the township, and 'St public execution occurring in the county. F 8-2 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. WAYNE TOWNSHIP. BY HENRY CUPPY. T HIS is the northeastern corner of Montgomery County, and joins M and Clark Counties on the north, Greene County on the east, Greene Coi and Mad River Township on the south, with the Miami River as its was boundary. On petition of a number of inhabitants residing in the novt part of Dayton Township, the Commissioners, January 1, 1810, ordered the four northern tiers of sections in eighth range east of the Great M River, within this county, and the third tier of fifth range west of the Mi excepting two fractional tiers of sections of the same township, compose a township, to be called Wayne; and the election for township officers wj the same be held at the house of Benjamin Van Cleve, on the Staunton r on the 20th day of January, 1810. Upon the formation of Butler T'otof October 7, 1817, all that part of Wayne west of the Miami River was use the erection of Butler Township. At the election held January 20, 1 twenty-one votes were cast, and James Miller and William Snodgrass elected Justices of the Peace. On the second Tuesday in October, 181 meeting of the Trustees was held to consider a petition for “ a road to be out from the Staunton road, between James Black and Samuel McFadde the middle of Section 30, Township 2, Range 8, running past the cent Section 18, and thence passing James and Robert Miller’s the nearest and , way to Greene County line at the east end of John Ainsworth’s lane.” Viewers appointed were James Miller, John Ainsworth and Shaphat Me( Samuel Archer appointed as Surveyor. : At a subsequent meeting on the 17th of the same month the record s that “ by the consent of James Miller ope of the Justices of the Peace of township,” the Overseers of the Poor of Wayne Township — John Ainsv and Peter Sunderland — “doth bind John Slider, a Poor child, aged foui years against the 1st day of April next ensuing this date (17th October, V to James Forgas, of Miami County, Tanner, to Learn the art and miste the Tanning business, for the term of seven years,” at the expiration of w all the covenants of each party being fulfilled, he was to receive “ his fret and one suit of Superfine clothing and one suit of Coarse Clothing, ant horse, saddle and bridle, to be worth $75.” A horse, saddle and bridle r $75 seems also to have been stipulated for in every indenture of apprentsci of “ poor ” males, who were to be instructed “ in the Trade of Husbam and who were to be taught “ Reading, writing & arithmetick as far as tin common rules,” and to receive, when their time expired, “one good si hollowday cloths of the vallue of $30, two other good suits for every Jay ’ and one new Bible. ” (Indenture of Hiram Huffman before Justice ul Peace John D. Campbell, June 17, 1815.) Upon what terms females were bound to serve is shown from the reco an indenture dated October 5, 1817, in which it is recited that the Over “ Do put & place Sarah Keiser, a poor child of the county and Township a said, with them to Dwell & serve from the Day of the Date of these pres untill she shall arrive to the full age of Eighteen years. * * During all which Time the said apprentice her said Master shall faith serve on Lawful Business according to her Power, wit and ability,” for v WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 83 i le'tlier parties covenanted ‘ ‘ to learn her to Spin, sew & to Do common house ■ o', and one year’s schooling and one Spinning wheel and one second rate o' and two suits of Clothing of a good Decent quality and a freedom suit [Led at $18, and one good Bed and Bedding & one new Bible.” It would seem that the township officers were not uniformly elected by its jt [O* inhabitants, but that the Trustees then in office sometimes named them. Th|: ,|“At a meeting of Trustees of Wayne Township at the house of James hi, April 14, 1814, the following appointments were made: r Trustees — John Holderman, George Hayney, Levi Jennings. “Clerk — Samuel Pett.icrew. “Overseers of the Poor — John Fryback, Moses Miller. ‘ Fence Viewers — Richard Sunderland, Jacob Brenner. “Supervisors of Highways — James Black, Benjamin Keiser. Jacob Ar- 1 Sr., John D. Campbell, j! ‘ Constable — Eli Compton. Constable and Lister — John Ainsworth. ■ ‘ Treasurer — Jonathan Knight.” From that date up to the present time, the following-named have served ! 3 various township offices : Trustees — John Holderman, Levi Jennings, Moses Miller, Richard Sun- • r rad, James Miller, Sr., John Hacker, John Duncan Campbell, Jacob Mat- t'i el Jerome Holt, James Malcom, Elias Matthews, Samuel Archer, John F. . me, Thomas Crook, Samuel McPadden, Henry Jennings, Samuel Morgan, h Miller, James Petti crew, Edward McDermott, Samuel Favorite, Walter tv, Peter Kellenberger, Moses Shearer, Samuel Longsfreth, Robert Me - Cess, Joseph Bond, John Ainsworth, John Matthews, John A. Deam, John hler, John Allen, Dennis Dougherty, Beniah Tharp, William Oram, Charles a;b, William H. Sturr, James Bartlow, Robert Sloan, Levi Booher, John a r, Charles Crook, Franklin P. Grimes, Henry H. Bond, David Barkman, u.min Fovier, Daniel Kneisly, John Finlay, David P. Oram, township Clerks — Samuel Petticrew/ James Miller, Jr., James Tamplin, loss Shearer, John F. Aughe, Henry Deam, Elias Matthews, William H. 1 D. S. Zediker, Henry Cuppy, Samuel Sullivan, Joseph Bond, George mith, George W. Shearer, Christian Hower, John B. Patton, Thomas Min- nie! Assessors — John Ainsworth, Jacob Stoker, James Miller, Jr., Jacob Evertz, Hayney, Samuel 'Longstreth, Shaphat McCrea, George lvephart, John Eon, Henry Brandenburg, John Hacker, William Van Cleve, James Black, nel B. Dover, Joseph Light, - Wesley Noland, Hugh McFadden, Moses e er, John Prill, William Sawyer, William H. Sturr, Levi Booher, John Jkenny, Hemy Foster, David Sclencker, James Jordan, John B. Patton, '• M. Tippy. keasurers — Jonathan Knight, Lewis Brenner, Jacob Arnold, Valentine eer, Hemy Brandenburg, Festus E. Munger, Beniah Tharp, Daniel l*ker, Bartholomew Wilson, Thomas J. Johnson, Dr. J. R. Moist, Stephen Jen, Isaiah Wilson. justices of the Peace — James Miller, William Snodgrass, Samuel Archer. ‘•' Matthews, John D. Campbell, Jerome Holt, Samuel Favorite, John F. up, Henry Brandenburg, Joseph Bond. Thomas Crook, Daniel S. Zediker, Dm H. Sturr, Jacob Beyl, Samuel Sullivan. Joseph C. McElhenny, Peter 1 11 an. John Dille, John Powell, Joshua Oram, George W. Smith, Charles ' °t, John B. Patton. Thomas Minnich, V T haley James. mong those who occupied other places of trust in the township might be 84 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. named Henry Enoch, Israel Enoch, John Slagle, Andrew Russell, John iker, John Shafer, Jacob Evans, William Courtney, Isaac Read, Peter Shi David Martin, John Booker, David Archibald, Samuel Koogler, Adam D< John Miller, John Cuppy, Abraham Powers, Philip Shafer, Simon Bra Abraham Cossler, George Favorite, Samuel Fulton, Amos Gray, Henrv B James Barnitz, Peter Filbrun, Samuel A. Andrews, Cyrus Kellenberger, A lorn Enoch, William McNair, Peter Light, Henry Shoeperd, Daniel Km William Lewis, Alexander Sloan, James Kay, Enoch McCord, Jacob L Andrew Puterbaugh, John Shroyer. Among the early settlers of the township, the following-named lot prior to the year 1810: Rev. Joseph Tatman, John Ainsworth, Robert M James Miller, John Booher, John Duncan Campbell, John Hacker, Henry nings, Peter Sunderland, John Slagle, Jacob Arnold, Valentine Shearer, John Cuppy, nee Lydia Oilar, Henry Oilar, Levi Jennings, Simon Bre: Jacob Brenner, Lewis Brenner, Samuel Petti crew, John Petti crew, John Sh Joseph H. Johnson, Nathan Maddux, Ignatius Maddux. Henry Deam, J Black, John Booher and John McFadden. During the next decade, there were, with other accessions to the immi« population, James Black, Jonathan Knight, George Favorite, Elias Mattl John Matthews, Robert Archibald, David Archibald, James Kay, Abr; Buckley, John Slagle, William Hoover, John Zediker. Of these early pioneers, Rev. Joseph Tatman immigrated from Kent and located in 1800. He was an earnest and devout minister of the Met-h Episcopal Church, and had charge of the congregation of the first orga tion in the township, of which further notice will be taken in this his sketch. He was afterward a Representative in the General Assembly of < and is remembered as a man of strict probity and large common sense, corn'll with Christian benevolence. It is related of him that, when driving his j to Cincinnati, in company with his neighbor, John Hacker, in passing the< of a poor widow, he was importuned by her to sell her a little flour— tha had not the means to purchase a barrel. In the condition of the roads in days, a trip to the city and return took some eight or ten days, and it was day when the widow’s request was made. He, however, rolled out a bane received what mite she could spare in full pay for it. On their return, Ha who was a member of his church, reported him for violating the Sabba selling flour on the Lord’s Day! Jacob Arnold emigrated to Ohio from near Boonesboro, Ky. , in the s] of 1806. Mr. Arnold was a tailor by occupation, but abandoned the ‘ board, goose and scissors,” after purchasing a half-section of land on w! now known as the Brandt Turnpike road, where he commenced the woi clearing and putting up such buildings as were deemed sufficient for the fort of hardy pioneers. By industry and perseverance, he succeeded in < ing and cultivating one of the best and most productive farms in the towr As an evidence of the esteem of his neighbors and the confidence they p in him, he held various township offices from its organization until h: vanced age compelled him to retire from active business pursuits. Of its ily of nine children, Mrs. Elizabeth Shafer only survives, and who is the ( person in the township, having completed her eighty-fifth anniversary cl birth, and with seemingly a prospect of “ many returns of the same,” John Shafer, also from Kentucky, arrived in 1806, and located on the now owned and occupied by Col. John Allen. Mi - . Shafer’s lands were boi on the east by those of J acob Arnold, and their nearest neighbor was th Leonard Hain, of Clark County, who resided five miles distant, h -schoolhouse was erected on his premises, on the banks of Dry Rim. in th WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 85 u,i of 1809, and the first teacher who occupied it was James Miller, father of luenerable James Miller, of Mad River Township, who has been for nearly uite half a century engaged in teaching. In a beautiful grove on the i :s of Dry Run, near Mr. Shafer’s log cabin residence, the venerable pio- % minister, Rev. David Winters, preached his first sermon on a Sabbath t noon in June, 1822. There were about two hundred persons in attendance, bh included very nearly all the inhabitants, old and young, for many miles id. Mr. Winters on that occasion filled an appointment which his reverend f r was unable to meet, and, that fact having been bruited, there was a curi- ;i , natural to a rural community, to know how the young W inters would do. f he assemblage then present, but ' two are known to be living — Mrs. liibeth Shafer and Thomas Chinn — the latter a septuagenarian of African sint, who rejoices in the Fifteenth Constitutional Amendment, and supports nolitical party through whose advocacy it was adopted. Joseph H. Johnson, a native of Hampshire County, Va., figured conspicu- - among the early settlers. He left the Old Dominion in March, 1806, e ipanied by his wife, on horseback. While he took care of his rifle and a .i; package of clothing, she, in her side-saddle, carried in her lap their only . After a toilsome ride through an almost unbroken wilderness, they ar- f safely on the banks of the Great Miami, and erected a cabin on the pres- itjte of Taylorsville. Mr. Johnson was an active, industrious and enter- ing man, endowed by n a time with a powerful physique, brave, generous hospitable. He was widely known and universally esteemed. Game of all ii in those days was very plenty, and Mr. Johnson had the reputation of u “ a crack shot ” among the woodsmen of the Miami Valley. A sketch of fe and experience as a hunter, his numerous hair-breadth escapes from li animals of the forest, would be of great interest to those who knew him 1 prime; but few now remain who have a personal recollection of the noble- md Virginian who cleared and cultivated one of the finest farms on the 0 ■ of the Miami. Mias Matthews, from Maryland, who located in 1814, was one of the use- 1 : an of the township, repeatedly serving as one of its officers, magistrate, Dupe, Clerk, etc. He served one term in the General Assembly, and, later b, was one of the three County Associate Judges as provided under the ar constitution of the State. His untimely decease, in 1844, caused by a 1 rom an apple tree, was sincerely regretted throughout the county. His •: son, George W., married the mother of Schuyler Colfax, who afterward ; ; ice President of the United States. ’homas Crook, who arrived about the same time, and brother-in-law of latthews, was the father of Gen. George W. Crook, U. S. A. George v ‘ ite, father of the venerable Capt. Elias Favorite, of Dayton ; Henry 1 a John McFadden, James Black, John Booher and John Cuppy, a soldier 1 American Revolution, an Indian scout in Capt. Brady’s company in Gen. Ha’s army from 1791 to 1794, were among the most highly esteemed citi- ' The latter, who was the last survivor of Brady’s scouts, died in 1861 , at e of one hundred years and four months. ames Kay, an Englishman by birth, purchased a large portion of the 0 . section (16), on the Bellefontaine road. Industrious and economical, he l8 p haste slowly ” in accumulating wealth. Farming, fattening and ? r ing cattle, hogs and sheep was his occupation, and for a circumference £3s he furnished fresh meat to the inhabitants. Among his eccentricities '' as • affectation of skepticism (for his honest, kindly heart forbade the idea 1 ‘ J 3 was unchristian), and he did not attain the social standing he otherwise have ings of “ Golden ” Chapel, near the Brandt Turnpike. It is something Conundrum as to what use was made of the proceeds of the sale. The materials of which the altar and pulpit were composed were used in 1 instruction of hog-pens by some members of the secretly organized mob wazed the religious (?) temple, and a portion of the brick, not used in re- i ing the schoolhouse, were taken to Tippecanoe, Miami County, and used ! lb building of a saloon. That the participators in this disreputable busi- saad secretly arranged their plan of operation is not a matter of doubt, and rd off suspicion of their contemplated action, one of their party adopted e nesse of sending his children to the school on the very morning he after - appeared with his team to carry away his portion of the spoil. Yet these ■ bu h-destroyers claimed to be “United Brethren in Christ,” though their > ® act on this occasion demonstrates that they were actuated and stimulated spirit totally different from and at variance with the spirit of Him who 88 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. taught men to love one another, to render good for evil, and, if need bo, suffer even “persecution for righteousness’ sake.” Possibly these misgnic (if not viciously inclined) men imagined they were fulfilling a mission, ; were really illustrating in a tangible form the expression of the religious poe “God moves in a mysterious way' His wonders to perform.” TOPOGRAPHY. W ayne Township is a fractional portion of what was included in Day Township by the original survey of the Government lands, and derived name from that celebrated hero who was so highly esteemed by the early t tiers of the Miami and Mad River Yalleys. The surface of the soil is gently rolling, being higher and more rolling the central portion of the township, extending from the extreme northern to southern boundary, than the eastern and western portions. The early settlers in the Miami and Mad River Yalleys experienced gr inconvenience, and frequently suffered sepious loss, from the destruction their crops by the overflow of these rivers. The channels of these streams w often so completely obstructed and gorged by large accumulations of drift at inundate what is now the finest agricultural portion of the county. The ea emigration waif, with but few exceptions, would only purchase such lands in his opinion, would not be liable to overflow from the Miami or Mad Bi\ and for this reason the central portion of the township was much more attre ive to the early pioneer and land speculator. During the summer months following the great spring freshets, causing rivers to inundate large tracts of land in the bottoms, the pioneer famil suffered severely from malarious fevers and chills, and it was no unconm thing to find the dispenser of calomel and quinine in the humble cabins of i unfortunate sufferers every week during the period that was known and des nated as the “sickly season.” The only remedies used and known among learned disciples of Esculapius at that time, and recommended as a cert; panacea for all ills that flesh was heir to, was the lancet, blister, calon quinine and antimonial wine. The topography of the township when undeveloped, and its natural st as described by the early pioneers, was unusually attractive to the backwoo man and those seeking homes on the borders of civilization; game of all kir was abundant, and the enterprising hunter and trapper realized some pro from the sale of skins of the wild animals that fell an easy prey to the or: shots of the hardy and daring pioneers. Among the many privations and hardships that the early settlers of township had to endure, there was none that they felt more keenly than I lack of mills. The great distance they were compelled to travel in order have the little grain they raised manufactured into meal or flour, and the rof during the greater portion of the season impassable, and the streams with; bridges or any other means of crossing, made it necessary for every family times to make use of the limited means at their command to manufacture th breadstuff’s at home. A hominy block was made from the trunk of a tree by squaring the end the log and burning a basin of sufficient size to hold about three gallons, iron wedge or an ax was then inserted into a pole about two feet in length, a with this simple arrangement the best of hominy could be made. The hoim block could be found at the cabin of every pioneer in the township, and v a household necessity that could not be dispensed with. The first mill erected in the township was built by Mr. Robert Miller, WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 89 S Mile Run, near the old Troy road (now known as the Kellenberger Mill), a) was known for many miles around as “ Miller's Corn-Cracker.” Here the fibers came for many miles around and had their corn ground on the old rac- 4n buhr. This mill was built in 1809. Shortly after this (the exact date j ,vhich we are unable to ascertain), a structure similar to that of Mr. Miller’s ■ erected and operated by Mr. Lewis Brenner on Spring Run. These mills ground no other cereal than corn, and the meal had to be used iihe family without sifting. John Campbell, Esq., on Mad River, rejoiced l he ownership of the first corn-meal seive in the eastern part of the town- fj), which was used for some time afterward by the entire populace of the ghborhood. The introduction of the seive made the johnny-cake board a necessary d hen utensil, and the kitchen furniture of no cabin was considered complete h was not provided with this useful baking apparatus. An amusing pioneer anecdote is related of a neighbor of Squire Campbell’s i called at his house a few days after his arrival in the neighborhood to >®ure assistance in raising his cabin. The female members of the family vO preparing the dinner, and the long johnny-cake board occupied nearly the are space in front of the cabin fire. The new neighbor, after taking a sor- :ul view of the board, inquired if the other members of the family who were opresent were all sick, and was answered in the negative, and informed that j were all in the enjoyment of their usual good health. “ Well,” said he, car madam, what are you going to do with all these poultices you are warm- rby the fire? ” The early pioneer was compelled to use corn bred for many years, and not n 1 about 1811 was flour manufactured from wheat and buckwheat on Mad or. A man by the name of Robinson erected and put into operation a small i on the premises now owned and occupied by Mi’. G. W. Harshman, in Mad i r Township, about the same time Mr. John McCormick commenced the aafacture of flour in Greene County, six miles northeast, on the site where a ate John Kneisley, in 1855, erected the large merchant mill and distillery owned by Mr. John Harries. The ax, grubbing-hoe, maul and wedge, with the wooden mold-board plow, -'the old “snake-killing” corn hoe, were about the only implements of vandry used in preparing the ground for the seed. The good housewife had her spinning-wheels and roughly constructed o, upon which she manufactured the wearing apparel of the family. Wa.1- ii ,nd oak bark were used for coloring material of the homespun linsey-woolsy, ih constituted the wardrobe of both sexes, old and young. The young lady hwas the fortunate possessor of a calico dress was the cynosure of all t at corn-husking frolics or places of public worship. The first blacksmith shop in the township was built by Mr. Stoffel Coon, 1 '3 fall of 1807, on the premises now owned and occupied by Mr. Daniel t’elck. Mr. Coon did the ironwork on the plows that were used in his neigh - r >od, and Squire Campbell, who was styled the jack-of- all- trades, manu- hed the wooden mold-boards and put the finishing: touches on the “ ma- il, f|b out the year 1812, Mr. John Zediker emigrated from Maryland and td on the farm now owned and occupied by his son, Mr. Jacob Zediker, Q Mr. Zediker was a blacksmith by profession, and brought his kit of >lwith him, with the exception of anvil and bellows. A huge stone with rl sr iOth surface was used for an anvil, and his neighbors furnished him with 8 ' deer skins with which he managed to construct a bellows. A pit of 90 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. charcoal was burned, and Mr. Zediker then commenced the work of makii and repairing the few rough agricultural implements used by his neighbors. The manufacture of lime and the working of the stone quarries are t: leading and most profitable branches of industry in the central part of t township. The quantity and quality of the lime produced excels by far th of any other township in the county, and affords employment to a large run ber of laborers at remunerative wages. No finer article of building stone c be found in this part of the State than are taken from the Booher quarries the old Troy pike. The stone used in building the cathedral in Cinciun; was taken from this quarry. PUBLIC KOADS. There are about sixty-two miles of authorized public roads in the towush: including five miles of toll road, eight miles of free turnpike, and four mi on the south boundary line, one-half of which is kept in repair by Mad Pin Township and Greene County; they are generally kept in good repair. Si stantial bridges and stone culverts have been built where they were consider necessary by those in authority. An anuual road tax of $1,000 has been levj since 1865, for the purpose of keeping the roads in repair. As no portion this fund is used in building and keeping in repair the bridges and culverts, would seem that the roads of general utility should, by the expenditure of tl enormous sum, in connection with the two days’ labor required by law of able-bodied men between the ages of twenty-one and fifty-six, should all be as good repair as any toll road in the county. The township is what might be designated, in the very fullest sense o: ( term, a rural township, as it is the only township in the county without a 4 lage within its limits, unless you choose to apply that appellation to Sulpl Grove, n6e Kildeer, or Taylorsville. The customs and habits of the people marked with great simplicity, as the good habits of the early settlers, unci I taminated by modern degenerate practices that are now too prevalent to o duce to a healthy state of morals were not indulged in. The children of pioneers found amusement and sociability at home; there were no grog-sir or gambling dens to lure them from their forest homes to spend their evenh! in debauchery and cultivate habits of vice and dissipation and the census tal show that the township is made up more from the descendants of the pion settlers than any other in the county and contains a much less foreign nopi tion than any rural township in the Miami Valley. The few foreigners liv| here are a sober, industrious, frugal class of people, chiefly engaged in a< cultural pursuits. Their manners, customs and religion harmonize with native-born citizen. One of the greatest and most annoying inconveniences experienced by pioneer inhabitants of the township was the lack of mail facilities and the| mote distance from any post office. The only office accessible to the early ] neer was at Dayton, where a semi-weekly mail was received. When the oi was first established, in 1803, the mail was carried from Cincinnati on hoiji back, and was very irregular during the winter and spring season, owing to condition of the roads and the difficulty experienced in crossing the streamr The first post office established in the township was at Taylorsville. 1846, and the Hon. Samuel Sullivan, who was then engaged in mercantile j suits, received the appointment of Postmaster. In 1857, an office was esl| lished at Toll Gate No. 2, on the old Troy pike, in the southwestern part of township, known as Fishburg. In 1879, the department established a ] route between Dayton and New Carlisle, in Clark County, over the Dayto Brandt Turnpike and National road, and a new office was established on route, near the geographical center of the township, known as Sulphur Gr< WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 91 In less than two years after the office at Fishburg had been established, 3. John Prill, the Postmaster, resigned the position and moved to Miami (Itaty, and the office was abolished, for the reason that no person could be f md in the immediate vicinity who would accept the appointment. As a rule, t ' inhabitants are liberal patrons of the post offices. In almost every family v 1 be found the leading newspapers and periodicals of the country, and many bie large and well-selected libraries of the standard historical and miscella- mus publications of the times. The people of the township have good reason to feel proud of their school anization, of their comfortable and well- furnished schoolhouses, and their (dent school officers. It is not going beyond the bounds of truth to say that ti schools will compare favorably with those of any rural township in the imi Valley. We give below the report of the Clerk of the Board of Education V the past year, which will be interesting and instructive to the friends of ication in the county : Number of schoolhouses, 5; number of scholars in attendance, 303; whole a nber between the ages of six and twenty-one years — males, 200 ; females, 168 ; tell, 368; total amount expended for school purposes, including pay of teach - e and incidental expenses, $2,027.51. Township school fund for the year l|0, $1,602.19; in addition to the township school tax, the State tax and in- ' pat on Section 16 is $646.10. making a total fund of $2,248.49. A two-story wooihouse has recently been built in Subdistrict No. 2, and a juvenile school -:ept in the basement story during about one-half of the school season. Es- iated value of school buildings, $10,000; average wages paid teachers per mth for the year 1880, $42.10. In Subdistricts No. 1 and 2, instruction it been given in natural philosophy and the higher branches of mathematics i past winter. As evidence of the economical manner in which the finances of the town- do were managed, we quote from the record a settlement that was made by ue in authority on the 5th of March, 1820: To. John Sliafer Jr Constable for advertising Election of township officers $ 1 00 To Shaphat Macrea warning in the township officers to be sworn 1 00 Levi Jennings services overseer of Poor 1 00 Moses Shearer making out two duplicates for poor tax an one da} r services for Levying the Same for the year 1821 2 00 To Elias Mathews trustee for his services for township purposes.. 2 50 Do to one day laving poor tax 1 00 To Jerome Holt one day laying poor tax 1 00 Do Services as trustee 2 50 To John D. Campbell services as trustee & one day laying poor tax 3 50 John Slagel Supervisor 1st Dist. returned in full 2 00 Henry Brandenburgh 2d Dist. returned in full 3 00 Peter Slutman 3d Dist. returned in full 1 00 Samuel Koogler 4th Dist. returned in full 1 00 Total $24 50 Settled with Jacob Arnold Treasurer and there remains in his hands the sum of $4 69 It was further agreed on representation of David Archibald and John Zediker over ,J 'ji of the poor that a tax be levyed for the support of John Steward a pauper of said 0 Jshijj, and that the clerk be ordered to make out a list of poor tax and deliver the a { to Samuel Longstreth for collection, taking his bond with two freeholders as secure tys jumble the amount of tax to be collected. Said tax to be 40 cents for each Horse beast, A 15 ceDts for each head of neat cattel. The following bill was presented by John Uworth for necessarys furnished John Steward a paupei - , and order granted: 3 Yards of lincey for briches $1 50 7 yards of flannel for shirts 2 80 2 Coon Skins for cap 40 92 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 1 Pair of Sauks 25 1 Pair of nit gallowses 25 Haff Soalin Shoes 25 Mending briches and Shirts 25 Flannel for wamus 1 00 Moses Shearer, Clerk. $6 70 Elias Matthews ) Jerome Holt - Trustee. John D Campbell ) There being but $4.69 remaining in the treasurer Mr. Ainsworth was compeled wait the return of the collector before his order could be cashed. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 93 JACKSON TOWNSHIP. TUTS political subdivision was originally included in what was then known as Jefferson and German Townships, which contained most of the land v in Jefferson, German, Miami, Jackson, Perry, Madison and Harrison ivnships. On the 6th of June, 1814, a petition was presented to the County umissioners praying for the formation of a new township, and, December .814, it was accordingly ordered by them that the prayer of their petitioners ) granted, and that the new township should be known as Jackson Township, was originally eight miles long and six miles wide, containing forty-eight c are miles. The original boundaries were as follows, viz. : Beginning on the P'ble County line at the corner of Townships 3 and 4, Range 4; thence east the township line six miles to the line between the fourth and fifth ranges; l ace north eight miles to the northeast corner of Section 25, Town 5, Range whence west on section line six miles to the Preble County line at the north- rt corner of Section 30, Town 5, Range 4; and thence south on said county r.'i eight miles to the place of beginning. It contained eight square miles .( included in Perry Township, which were detached in 1820, when Perry v formed and the present boundaries of Jackson established. The township (( contains thirty-six square miies of rich arable land, well timbered, deep 0 3(1 and bountifully watered. It is bounded by Perry Township on the north, uerson Township on the east, German Township on the south and Preble knty on the west, being known as Township 4, in Range 4. It received its e ie in honor of Andrew Jackson, or “Old Hickory,” as he was familiarly a 3d, the seventh President of the United States and the hero of New Orleans, t i watered by several large creeks and their tributaries, which flow through i country in all directions, forming a perfect network of streams, thoroughly •gating the rich bottom lands that lie for a mile on either side of them and dishing some admirable mill-sites, which, as yet, have not been utilized, which promise ultimately to be occupied by all kinds of water-propelled diinery. Among these creeks, mention might be made of a few and of the e ration of their names, which are all historical facts and rest now in the 4s of the old residents, who will soon pass from among us, and, unless res- it 1 by the pages of history, are likely to be buried in oblivion. The largest ' hese is called Big Twin, from the Indian name it formerly bore, which )d for an unimproved home in the West, to which he came in the spring of t3, bringing with him his wife, Fannie Staver (nee Daups) and seven children - dm, Barbara, Frederick, Henry, Jacob. Valentine and Adam. He landed Herman Township, Montgomery County, and rented a farm on Twin Creek 3 i,he summer, on which he left his wife and children, who fattened the hogs, r ai id geese, butchered and otherwise prepared for winter, while the father > inued his journey up into Jackson Township, where he entered a half sec- c of land and bought a half-section of a man who had entered it, but could coaythe entrance fee and sold his bargain to Staver for $20. In the follow- jwpring (having built a cabin in the meantime), he moved his family. He lil a very useful place in society during his life and died, in 1854, at the ripe ic ige of eighty-seven years. His sou Henry is the only one of the children now g in the State. He is on the old farm, having added to it considerably uig his lifetime. He has in all 700 acres of very fine farm land; he is a ua| well preserved, being eighty-seven years old. and still carries on the work t i6 “ place.” Though his hair is silvered by the frosts of eighty-eight win- sr his eye is bright, his hand steady and his step as firm as men much young ;ie has lived a life of moral integrity and is now enjoying the well-merited n rd, in the affection of his family, a peaceful old age and a perfect use of all ; a acuities. In his treatment of friends and strangers, the writer hereof can il verify that he retains all the hospitality for which his family is so much . red. His brother John was appointed a Captain in the war of 1812, but b 'i'e his term of service commenced, the war closed. No others of his family 9 in the war. This family was the means of bringing into the township irst preacher who ever raised his voice in praise of the “Whiteman’s o'” in the district now so thickly dotted with churches of all denominations: same was Samuel Mow; he was brought by Mr. Staver from Hamilton, h ; he commenced farming on a quarter-section of land which had been en- for him by Mr. Staver; he preached for the Staver Church a great many '9i;S. In 1806. Gqorge and Margaret Rumbarger, natives of Pennsylvania, ti with a family of two children and located in Section 35, and there died, i : son John was but ten years old when his parents came to this county, Wig been born in Pennsylvania. July 2, 1798; he was married August 24, 0, to Elizabeth Miller, who bore him eleven children, nine of whom are 1 ''living; she died March 23, 1874, and her husband is still residing on the r which his father settled seventy-six years ago. In the same year as Rum- ir >r, came Christian Cook, also of the Keystone State, and settled in Sec C3, where he died in 1814, being buried on the farm, his wife surviving until 1863; they had eleven children — Maragret, Frederick, Christian, ’ up. and Michael being the only survivors. At this time, the township be- njilling up rapidly, and it would be utterly impossible to give the records *'■ who came in the following ten years, but among those who can be called : ‘flers, and of whom we have been able to collect anything reliable, may be stoned Evan Hoops, who, in 1811, settled with his family in Section 7; ■ J as born in Pennsylvania, was married twice — first, to Catharine Kinsey, rginia, who bore him seven children, three now living — Jane, John and G 98 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Christian; his wife dying December 25, 1814, he was married in 1816 to sanna Sheets, also of the “Old Dominion,” to whom were born seven childi five yet living, viz., Daniel, Sarah, Minerva, Henry and Solomon. Mr. He was a tailor and worked at his trade day and night, being overrun with b ness from the pioneers of his vicinity; he hired the clearing of his land, wl he paid for from his earnings on the bench; he died in June, 1862, a eighty-two; his wife is still living at the age of ninety. In 1813, Samuel Barbara (Ruby) Rodeheffer, of Virginia, settled on the farm now owned David Bowman, in Jackson Township, where he resided until his death, lea' to his family a nice well-improved farm; he was the father of nine child six of whom survive, viz., Catharine, John, Joseph, Samuel, Abraham Mary. Another early settler of Jackson was Peter Drayer, of Pennsylva who located with his family in Section 7, in the year 1818, where ho d His son Daniel was born in Pennsylvania, August 27, 1809; came with father to this township, and was married to Elizabeth Gantz, a native of M land, born September 19, 1808; they had thirteen children, nine of whom now living. Mr. Drayer, Jr., died in 1876; his wife still survives him. township was now thickly settled; land was bought and sold; deer and o game retreated to the deeper fastnesses of the forest, where the white man not yet penetrated, and the township began to wear the appearance of a ci ized territory. It was soon taken from Jefferson and became its own rule township affairs, the first elections in it being held at the house of J; Wench, Jr. CHUKCHES. Previous to 1810, the Lutherans residing in the Staver neighbor!] would assemble in the little schoolhouse near them, where the “St Church” now stands, and would there hold their meetings or be addressei any minister available. In 1809, Adam Staver was the prime mover in the ganization of a church, which was the first in the township. There had 1 previously purchased three and a half acres of ground to be used as a bury ground, and upon this, in 1810, a church was built, tearing down a log seh house that stood there, in which they had been worshiping in union with German Reformed people. The church was at first a one-story log, but it afterward covered with clapboards and raised one story. The seats were arranged in tiers, one above the other, when the church was remodeled, still standing, but no services have been held in it since 1871. The preacher was Andrew Mow; he was followed by Andrew Simon and Ant Hinkle. The church was then without a preacher, but, hearing of one d the Ohio River 150 miles, a delegation was sent to secure him; became, did not stay long. The burying- ground near the church was started in 1 when the settlers purchased three and one-fourth acres of land and fenct off for a cemetery. The first burial in it was in the fall of 1807, and nc is well filled with the graves of the old settlers, whose bones rest in the b earned land, while their children enjoy the fruits of their labor. The memj of the Lutheran and German Reformed faiths were given a quarter of an of ground by Philip Slifer, and, in 1825, built a union church out ot 1 It was torn down and a brick one built in 1861 for $500. Revs. Winters Saul Hinkle were the first pastors. The Methodist Episcopal Ohurel Johnsville was organized and a house built in 1830. The society was an but succeeded in maintaining the church until 1877, when the services discontinued and the property, a frame building, valued at $200, put id hands of the conference. The German Reformed Church was organized a 1850, and, in 1852, the first church was built on ground donated by Ge, Clemmer. It was on Lot No. 14. and was a one-story brick building, JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 99 shii^le roof and cupola. It was built by Jacob Coleman, contractor. This Hiding was replaced in 1879 by a very imposing church edifice, built of rk, one story high, with a spire containing the bell taken from the former iiL'ck. It was erected at a cost of $4,000, and has a seating capacity of about It is quite elegantly finished and furnished within, and certainly reflects nit credit upon those through whose efforts it was erected: present member- h' about 100; pastor, Rev. Joseph G. Shoemaker; his predecessor was Rev. ■fM, Herman, who had served this people for twenty years. The dedicatory lion was preached May 2, 1880, by Rev. J. H. Reiter. The "United Brethren Church is on Lot No. 1, which is valued at $100. r as built in 1854 at a cost of $1,600. The ground was bought by a man a ed Hendricks, in Darke County, for $65. The church organization took lie in 1838. There are other churches in the township which are not sta- rs in the circuit, but merely houses of worship built for the convenience of shin neighborhoods, where services are only occasionally held. As they e not the first built and are not of the first importance, it will not be neces- a to mention them here. SCHOOLS. Previous to the passage of the first school act, in 1821, the schools were ftfflat are now called subscription schools. In those days they knew no other. . bi first school taught was in a little log schoolhouse which stood where liir’s Church now is, in Section 23. It was taught for twelve weeks, five and b f days each week, and eight hours each day. The farmers subscribed twenty - li) scholars, at $2 each, payable in money and produce. In 1810, the Lu- it m minister. Rev. Mow, taught a school for a year in a log schoolhouse h'e the Staver Church now stands. In 1813, another log schoolhouse was ii near the Swartzell neighborhood. It was a German school and was uat by a traveling German teacher. In 1818, a house was built on Tom’s u one and one-half miles from where Farmersville now stands, in which sebjfl was taught by an Englishman named Graham. Schools now commenced 4 * kept every year and in almost all neighborhoods, and indeed, the transition 0 subscription to district schools was so gradual that it cannot be said hi the one entirely ceased or the other generally commenced. For long t< the law of 1825 was passed, which commanded the districting of each wsHip, the subscription schools continued. In 1838, when provision was hi for the building of district schoolhouses, and for some time thereafter, were many subscription schools, but they soon began to be discontinued, i- |p district schools opened, until now there has not been one in the township raany years. There are now eleven districts with a comfortable brick 1 ing in each and school taught for eight months in each year. The total ir;s of the township. We will now close this sketch with a word concerning the early settlement' r settlers, and their conveniences in life. Among the early civil officers, we r the name of Schideler, a Justice of the Peace for fourteen years; Kenne- a ■ and Stuxley, also Justices of the Peace in early days. The first mill was ■ w-mill on Tom’s Run, built by Adam Staver in 1813; previous to that time II work was done with an ax. This closes a sketch of one of the first set- 1< townships in the county. The cabins of the pioneers have disappeared ri ected with it that it is necessary to mention it in order to properly intro- u the pioneers of Butler Township. Hoover was so delighted with the ap- : nice of the country that, on his return, vivid descriptions of it were given e entire neighborhood, which excited them to a desire for a home in the ■/( John Quillan, theD a young man. accompanied these first familes to the A water region, driving thither the team of David Mast, and, soon after their r al, was united in marriage to Obedience, a daughter of Mr. Mast, and set- <i there to the Plummer land, which he purchased. These early families "'-’rail related, and were neighbors in the State of North Carolina. The par- witsjif Daniel Waymire were from Germany, and while crossing the ocean. Hij ° the year 1735, the mother died, and her remains were given to the mighty 104 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. deep. Tlie father's sisters were sold for their passage, and never afterwar heard of. The father settled in North Cai'olina, and again married, and lroi the two unions have since descended over three thousand persons. Fatht Waymire died in 1800, and his children all came to Ohio. Daniel marrie Sophia Plummer, and to them were born Davis, Mary, Solomon, Daniel, Join Catharine, Elizabeth, Henry, Sarah, Rebecca, Rosana and Isabelle, several c whom are now residing in the township. Davis, the oldest, was born in tl year 1802, is hale and hearty, and has resided in the township longer than an one in it, and for a period of nearly forty years served the people as a Jusfch of the Peace, and was their Clerk for thirty years. The father, Daniel W;n mire, died July 3, 1825, and was buried in the old Lutheran Graveyard o “Independence Day;’’ the mother, too, was buried there. The Plummt family was large, none of whom are now residing in this locality. The chi dren, as nearly as we could learn, were Sophia, John, Catharine, Sarah, Bets Susan, Delilah and Philemon. Turning your attention to the eastern pari, c the township, where, in Sections 13 and 14, Township 3, Range 6, in the ye? 1806, Richard Sunderland and William Compton settled, having together ei tered 707 acres of land. Sunderland, in company with two brothers, had, pric to the year 1804, entered 160 acres each in Section 20, Washington Townshij where he had been twice burned out. Thence he went to the land above d< scribed. The Sunderlands were from Pennsylvania. The wife of Richard w t Nancy Martin, a native of the Keystone State; their children were William an Elizabeth, twins; the latter married Isaac Miller, the father of the Millers no residing in the eastern part of the subdivision; William Sunderland married daughter of James Miller, and to them were born six children. The parent! Richard and Nancy Sunderland, died, and were buried on the farm, in the yea! 1863 and 1846 respectively. Their remains have since been removed to th cemetery in Miami County. William Compton was from North Carolina. Hi family was quite lai’ge, wife’s name was Martha. They belonged to the societj of Friends, or Quakers. Both were interred on the homestead. Mr. Compton! share of the above described entry was 303 acres, lying in the southern part d the sections named. Abijah Jones and family, from North Carolina, settled i] the southern part of the township in 1805. He was a minister of the Friend? society, and his name is the first recorded as such on the books of the old u Rai dolph meeting,” an account of which will be given under the topic of chuichei Mr. Jones died in 1852, in his eighty-hfth year. Sylvanus Swallow and wife Elizabeth (Barnard), and family, emigrated from North Carolina in the sprin of 1807, and settled in the northeast quarter of Section 29, on land entered b him. Mr. Swallow was a native of Delaware, where he was born February 2c 1776, and his wife of North Carolina, born June 4, 1782. On reaching th above tract of land, Mi'. Swallow pitched his tent, in which the family reside for several months. Their children were James O., John A., Sampson B| Cynthia, Belinda, Catharine and Priscilla. This was a family of Friends, an the remains of the parents were interred at the Friends’ meeting-house grave yard. Some time prior to this, the father, John Swallow, came to this locahtj and entered 160 acres in Section 19. The Barnards, consisting of mother an] son, accompanied the family of Sylvanus Swallow and settled in Section A The son was a single man, Samuel by name, and late in life married Rebecc. Compton. Benjamin Hutchins, Sr., of English descent, with a numerous fain ily, settled in Section 29, there entering 160 acres of land, he having com from Rockford County, N. C. Isaac Hutchins, a son of Benjamin, marriei Rebecca Jones, eldest daughter of the old patriarch, Abijah. Their son, Dan iel K. Hutchins, was a minister of the Friends’ Society, and served thepeopl of this vicinity many years. Joseph Pearson and wife, Margaret Carnmacl; BUTLER TOWNSHIP. 105 migrated from South Carolina in 1808, and, after stopping for awhile on land ,waed by George Yount, on the west side of Stillwater, crossed that stream and atered one-half of Section 1, Township 5, Range 5. They raised a large iniily of children, two of whom are the wives of Davis and Henry Waymire. r. Pearson, as likewise did other of the above-named families, left the South ainlyon account of slavery. He did not want to raise his children under its ifluences. Father Pearson died January 17, 1840, and the mother July 17, 154. Prior to the year 1809, the following-named had settled between the fo rivers, but at what date they came we cannot establish, but it is evident .at they were here before the beginning of the second decade of the century : >hn Curtis, Joseph Beeson, Daniel and Stephen Jones, John Holderman, the itbles, Henry Crowel, Henry Woodhouse, James Insco, James Reed, William allohan, Joseph Evans, John Mooney, Benjamin Kiser, Jacob Stokes, John ryback, David Fox. William Miller, Jacob Rhodelhamer, John Sloan and ichael Engle. Mr. Curtis was from North Carolina, and entered one-quarter Section 1, Township 5, Range 5. He died at the close of the late war, at e advanced age of eighty-five years. Beeson was from the same neighbor- ed in North Carolina that the Swallows came from, and settled in the vicin- of where Chambersburg now is. His wife was Mary Barnett. Daniel and I ephen Jones were from North Carolina, and the former entered 160 acres of Action 32, Township 3, Range 6. Holderman was a Pennsylvanian, and mi- red 477 acres in Section 11, Township 3, Range 6, and, before he was mar- id, lived with Richard Sunderland. His wife was Elizabeth Blickenstaff. he Cobles were from North Carolina. The father was Nicholas Coble, and Id the following sons and daughters: Anthony, Nicholas, Emanuel, Margaret fji Hannah, some of whom were married prior to their settling here. They vre also from North Carolina. Anthony entered 160 acres in Section 18, iwnship 3, Range 6, and a quarter of Section 1, Township 5, Range 5. (owel was from Virginia, and had there married Elizabeth, daughter of Jo- sili Cress, and to them were born sons and daughters seven, namely: John, -\ry, Jacob, David, Polly, Abraham and Henry. He entered a quarter of Sec- t a 12, Township 5, Range 5. Woodhouse was from the South. His entry ys a tract of 160 acres in Section 33, Township 3, Range 6. Insco was from 0 ■ of the Carolinas, and entered a quarter of Section 1, Township 5, Range '> James Reed, whose wife was Mary McMahon, emigrated from North Caro- ls, settling in Section 3, Township 2, Range 6, where he entered 160 acres of L d. Both were buried in the Reed Graveyard. In 1817, the Gallohans, v lliam and his brother Ned, lived on the farm now occupied by the Grays, fans was from one of the Southern States, and entered several hundred acres and in the township. Mooney was from Virginia. Kizer and Stokes set- II in the vicinity of Section 23. Fryback entered. 534 acres in Sections 23 1 24, Township 3, Range 6. Fox was from New Jersey. William Miller svled in Section 35, on the Great Miami. Rhodelhamer entered 160 acres in 3 tion 24, Township 5, Range 5, and 160 acres in Section 34, Township 3, tfrge 6. John Sloan was a native of Pennsylvania, from where he emigrated u settled on the southwest quarter of Section 28, Township 3, Range 6, which w entered by him. His wife was Elizabeth Rummage, and their children we Martha, Jane, Mary, John, Elizabeth, William and Sarah. The father 11 mother died in 1833 and 1832 respectively. Michael Engle settled in Sec- i 13, Township 5, Range 5, where he entered 160 acres of land. In 1810, Jy Johnson, a widow, with four children, John, Jesse, David and Mary, came fri North Carolina and located in the northeastern part of the township. V'.e time prior to this, two daughters had settled in Miami County. William N 'man entered the northeast quarter of Section 13, Township 3, Range 6, 106 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. prior to 1811. This same year, the Thomas Newman above spoken of owm the old John Quillan tract in Section 11. Jacob Staley owned forty-three acn of land in the township as early as the year 1811. William Anderson, a nath of Pennsylvania, settled here that year. His wife was a native of Warn County, Ohio, born in 1798. She died January 28, 1881. Mr. Anderson di< November 23, 1867. Not later than the war of 1812, Abraham Cox, the M Knights, John and Alexander, John Williams. William Kennedy, Robe Hosier, William Mason and William Snodgrass, had settled here. Kennec came from Pennsylvania in the year 1812, and entered the northeast quarter Section 28. He served for a number of years as County Surveyor. Hosii was from Virginia. His father, Abram, entered land at an early day in t] vicinity of the present village of Beavertown, where Robert was married Nancy Compton. Robert’s family was quite large, several of whom now rash in the vicinity of the old homestead. Kennedy and Hosier, as will be se< further along, laid out Chambersburg. Isaac Hosier, a brother, entered 1( acres in Section 27, Township 3, Range 6, adjoining the tract entered byRo ert. In 1797, Smith Gregg, a native of Pennsylvania, immigrated to the pre ent site of Shakertown, in Van Buren Township, settling on Beaver Cree where he remained until 1814, when he removed his family to what is no Butler Township, having entered 160 acres of land in Section 32, Townsh 3, Range 6. Mr. Gregg served in the war of 1812. His wife was Sarah Bar sey, who, too, was a native of the Keystone State, and their children we.; James, Martha, Margaret, John, William, D. H., Andrew, Smith, Julia, Eliz beth and Sarah. William is residing near the Friends’ Meeting-House. Job Fm-nas emigrated from the State of South Carolina in 1818, with his fathe who settled in Miami County. He was born April 12, 1796, and died July 1 1874. His wife was Sarah Evans. In 1835, Mr. Furnas was the Whig canc date for the Legislature, and was defeated by one vote. However, afterwar he was elected to the Legislature, and served one term; also served as Conn Commissioner. Samuel Wells, a native of Maryland, emigrated from Alb marie County, Va. , in 1817, and located in Miami County, and in several yea removed into what is now Butler Township, of which he has ever since been resident. His wife was Mary Johnson, a daughter of the Widow Johnson b fore mentioned. They were married September 18, 1822, and, should tb live until the coming September (1882), will have been sharing together lift joys and cares for a period of sixty years. The following- named persons were the original proprietors of the land o posite their names, which had been taken up or entered prior to 1818: Prj dence McMunn, 160 acres in Section 18, Township 5, Range 6; Thomas Ja 160 acres in Section 2, Township 5, Range 5; Conklin Miller, 160 acres Section 34, Township 3, Range 6; John Miller, 162 acres in Section 32, Tory ship 3, Range 6; Adam Coffin, 342 acres in Section 28, Township 3, Range Robert Scott, 160 acres in Section 14, Township 5, Range 5; John Cox, 1( acres in Section 19, Township 3, Range 6; William Lowe, 160 acres m Sc tion 19, Township 3, Range 6; Joseph McKinney, 158 acres in Section Township 3, Range 6; Joseph Cooper, 162 acres in Section 32, Township Range 6; James Lowrey, 160 acres in Section 23, Township 3, Range 6; Dav Sidwell, 160 acres in Section 24, Township 5, Range 5; Joseph Miller, 1 acres in Section 19, Township 3, Range 6; J. Woods, 160 acres in Section - Township 3, Range 6; Samuel Dinwoody, 160 acres in Section 10, Townsh 3, Range 6; Jesse Johnson, 160 acres in Section 3, Township 3, Range 6; J siah Lamb, 160 acres in Section 12, Township 5, Range 5; Edward Thom; 160 acres in Section 12, Township 5, Range 5. BUTLER TOWNSHIP. 107 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. The following- named persons were elected Justices of the Peace of the •nvnship as set forth below: William Kennedy. June 12, 1818; James Miller. October 12,1819; James .isley, April 2, 1821; re-elected April 5, 1824; James Reed, December 3, ;‘25; James Ensley, April 2. 1827; Samuel Maxwell, October 28. 1828; James nsley, April 5, 1830; Davis Waymire, October 11, 1831; John Hale, April 1, 133; Davis Waymire, re-elected October 14, 1834; John Hale, re-elected April 1836; John Pearson, October 11, 1836; Benjamin Furnas, April 20, 1839; j.vis Waymire, October 12, 1839; Robert Brown, April 4, 1842; Davis Way- re, re-elected October 11. 1842; Benjamin Furnas, re-elected November 19, 42; Davis Waymire and Benjamin Furnas, October 14, 18457 Levi Hamaker, ( tober 12, 1847; Davis Waymire, November 7, 1848. James O. Swallow, Oc- 1 er 8, 1850; John R. Limbert, October 14, 1851; James O. Swallow, October * 1853; Davis Waymire, October 10, 1851; James O. Swallow, October 10, 46; Davis Waymire, October 13, 1857; James O. Swallow, October 13, 1859; I vis Waymire, October 9, 1860; James O. Swallow, October 14, 1862; Ids Waymire, October 13, 1863; James O. Swallow, October 10, 1865 pedal election); Davis Waymire, October 9, 1866; James O. Swallow, C'ober 13, 1868 (special election); Davis Waymire, October 13, 1869; John 'll Underwood, October 10, 1871; James O. Swallow, October 8, 1872; Jacob S'ith, December 16, 1S73; J. W4 Underwood, October 13, 1874; Davis Fur n, April 5, 1875; J. W. Underwood, October 9, 1877; Davis Furnas, April 878; J. W T . Underwood, October 12,1880; Jeremiah Sebold, April -. 1881. SCHOOLS. The Stillwater and Miami settlements, like all others dating back to the be- lling of the century, had many difficulties to overcome before much progress d be attained in the way of education. Lessons in the rudimentary >i iches were at first given in the cabins of the pioneers, and, in some instances Tidoned cabins were used as places of holding school. In the western >; . of what is now Butler Township — that part next to the Stillwater known - ’ownship 5, Range 5 — there stood at an early day a house in the northeast- •t quarter of Section 12, in which school was kept by Edward Easton. An- ti' of the early schoolliouses of this vicinity was built in the northeastern 'ter of Section 24. John Hutchins, William Milikin and Jim Wright vp the teachers. Davis Waymire, whose name is frequently mentioned in oiection with the sketch of the township, received instruction under their airship. This was the first school he remembers of attending, and these vols the first that he had any knowledge of. He was born in the year 1802, ii became a resident of that vicinity in the year 1806. We leave the reader pi the dates of these schools. Along the Miami, in the eastern part of the ■ 'ship, on the Jacob Stokes farm, there was a school in session in the year ' , taught by a Mr. Brown. His given name cannot now be recalled by the 'loft who were once his pupils. Mrs. Samuel Wells, one of Butler Town- 11 s pioneers, who came in the year 1810 as “ Mary Johnson,” was an attend - u it this school, and well remembers the fact that on one occasion a problem i ithmetic was too much for Master Brown, and was finally solved by Billy ulerland, who retired himself to an old stump just in the rear of the school- pa, where the task was accomplished. Mary Johnson, as it was then, board- Lhile attending that school, with Uncle Billy Snodgrass, the distance from neihome to the school being too great to walk. In the southern part of the - ‘V ship, school was taught in the Friends’ Meeting-House, which was erected ''h a now stands their brick church, about the year 1809 or 1810. The first 108 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. who pedagogued there of whom we have any account was a Mr. Bratton, v> was succeeded by the following named, and in the order given: Christopl Furnas, Benjamin Coffin and John Huff. W e have given above the several schools of what is now the territory un< consideration as nearly as the facts could be arrived at for the period embr ing the first decade of the century. To undertake to give anything like an curate account of the numerous schools of this region from that period to present would be almost impossible, as the records kept, until of late ye; were meager indeed. Therefore, we close what further is to be said under t head with the schools of to-day. There are now in the township ten sch districts, besides the Yandalia District, which is independent. District No. in which are the schools of the village of Chambersburg, has two schooltiou — one brick, having two rooms, and the other a frame, the latter being for colored youth of the township. In each of the other districts there is 'a o story brick building. The average cost of the houses is about $1,200 ea The average number of months in which school is held during the year iseig the number of scholars enrolled (January, 1882), about 500; daily average tendance. 78 per cent. The appropriation for school purposes for the y 1881 was $4,200 — 1. e. , for the ten districts, the independent district be supplied by the corporation of Vandalia and immediate neighborhood. CHURCHES AND GRAVEYARDS. The pioneers gave early attention to religious matters. The Friends | Quakers of the settlement not too remote from the Stillwater region worship prior to the year 1809, on the west side of the river, where had been organiz two years before, a meeting known as “ Rocky Springs. ” The Friends atte ing services there requested a meeting among themselves, which was granj by West Branch Quarterly Meeting of Miami County, and a meeting was here in 1809. and a rude log meeting-house erected the same year or the y following (1810), and stood a little west of the present brick church, on grov deeded to them by Sylvanus Swallow for church and graveyard purposes- all, about four acres. The small one-story brick now standing near the cer of Section 29 was built in 1824 or 1825, and is quite antique in appearai having an entrance on either end and on one side, and its windows be “square.” Some of the names of those composing the second meeting we Abijah Jones, Benjamin Hutchins and his sons Isaac and Benjamin, Jr., JobnC tis, James Hutchins, Sylvanus Swallow, Joseph Beeson, Christopher Furnas, E phen Macy, Stephen Jones, Isaac Cooper, Henry Yount and Samuel Barnaid. r . reader will notice that many of these were a part of the early fathers, who were first residents. Subsequently, others moved in, and the meeting was increai and became large, but of late years it has been weak, and is now languish! Many of the members coming as they did, from North Carolina, it recer the name of Randolph Meeting, from one of that name there. The first corded minister was Abijah Jones; next came Prudence (Cooper) Teague, i is still living, and now resides in Grant County, Ind. ; Isaac Jay, son of D. Jay, follows; other names are Daniel H. Hutchins and Smith Gregg connection with this church, we will say a word or two relative to the gri yard, inasmuch as they are almost one. The ground, as has been seen, deeded for both, and it is reasonable to infer that burying began there as s as deaths occurred. Assuming this to be the case, it is certainly the ole burying- ground in the township. We know interments were made in it p to 1814, when William Gregg came to that vicinity. It is said that the 1 wife of Benjamin Hutchins, Sr., was the first person buried there. The mains of many of the pioneers rest by that little brick church on the hill, BUTLER TOWNSHIP. 109 jath whose roof they had so often raised their voices in praises to Him, the iver of every good gift, and who ever doeth all things well, and the appear - ice of whose crumbling walls reminds us that they, too, are mutable, and to e coming generations will be lost. Probably the nest earliest church organ- ation effected in the township was that of the Lutheran denomination. Of is there are no records that we, after diligent search, could learn of, and of e few yet surviving who were in that vicinity in the early years of the society, me can remember much about it. From Davis Waymire we learn that, as rlyas 1816, there stood at the old burying-ground in the southeastern corner Section IB, Township 5, Range 5, a hewed log church known as the Lu- eran Church, but how long prior to this the society worshiping there was ganized, or by whom, he cannot state. The ground upon which this meet- g-house was constructed, and the graveyard thereabout, was deeded by Eman- 1 Coble. Among the early ministers who preached for these people were ;jws. Mow, Henecker and Spence, and of the early members were Nicholas nble and wife, Jacob Staley and family, Jacob Frybarger, John Cotner and ibther and the Crowel family. Services were held in the log meeting-house until ] t far from 1830, when it was replaced by a frame church building, and this, 1842, by a one-story brick, under the pastorate of Rev. D. P. Rosenmiller. In is summer of 1873, this was torn down, and the material taken to what is I own as Spankertown, about one mile and a quarter southeast, and there re- I ilt that same summer. The church at the graveyard was called Stillwater htheran Evangelical Church. The new building at Spankertown, a one- iry brick, having a spire and bell, the latter weighing 600 pounds, and was :?t at the Johnson Foundry, in Dayton, erected at a cost of 13,000, is known i Si Paul’s Evangelical Lutheran Church, and was dedicated November 30, 73, by Elder D. Summers, assisted by Rev. Dr. Ort, of Wittenberg College, -ice which the charge has been served by the following pastors: D. Sum- ms, E. D. Smith. W. M. Smith and A. M. Barrett, the present incumbent, .e membership now is about sixty. July 30, 1816, was organized a religious society, by Elders George Shideler and John Plummer, known as the Lower Stillwater Church of Christ, •nathan Newman and William Pearson were chosen first Deacons, and Fred- ck Hoover, Clerk. The original members were: George Sinks and wife, bah; Samuel Martindale and wife, Elizabeth; John Quillan. Richard Cox, Imnuel Coble and wife, Rachel, Fanny Cox, Mahala Newman, William Skin- t-, Anna Gallohan, Mary Millin, Anthony Coble, Nancy Pearson, Catharine Gss, Margaret Reed, Elizabeth Millin, and Mary and Sophia Waymire. ' vices were held at the residences of the different members and in the old school - Mise formerly standing on the site of the one now at Polk Church. The cabin tne of old Daniel Waymire, now the Henry Waymire homestead, was the £j>at preaching-place for this society, and, in later years, at Emanuel Coble’s. !e church was re-organized by Elder Caleb Worley July 6, 1839, and in the samer of 1844, a one-story brick building was erected on the west half of Ction 13, Township 5, Range 5, and, while in state of building, was called iik Church, which name it still bears. This was owing to the fact that the II jority of the men engaged in its construction were for James Tv. Polk, whose r ne was then before the national convention held at Baltimore, as a candidate i President of the United States. On receipt of the news of his nomination, fee-berry bushes or branches were waved from the scaffolding and walls, and 8 pended therefrom in great profusion; hence the name. In this connection, 1 mit us to state a fact that will bear repetition in this and in all coming his- f- es, namely: The convention by which Air. Polk was nominated was held 8 Baltimore, Md. On the 29th of May. 1844, the news of the nomination was 110 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. sent to W ashington by the magnetic telegraph. It was the lirst dispatch e so transmitted, and the event marks an era in the history of civilization. C acre of ground, upon which the church was built, was deeded in 1848 to j Trustees for church and public burying-ground, by Anthony Coble. In 18 the building was enlarged and remodeled, and it is now a model church, was dedicated on the second Sabbath of November of that year; sermon Elder William Gross, who is yet serving the charge. The membership is n in the neighborhood of sixty. The following is a list of pastors since 18' Elders Elisha Ashley, Peter Banta, Elijah Williamson, Alexander McCla Richard Brandon, Asbury Watkins, William Pearson, Albert Long, Hir, Simonton, Thomas Wells and William Gross. Sugar Grove Christian Church, located in the center of Section 1, To\ ship 5, Range 5, was organized August 24, 1850, by Elder William Furnas, the one-story frame church building now standing there, built in 18‘ The original members were William Pearson and wife, Nancy, Henrietta H; Elizabeth Campbell, Dortha Wolverton, Joshua Hall, Mary Stucksberg Cynthia Macy, Jane Hall, Nancy Stoner, Amy Pearson and John Davis. 1 pastors of this congregation have been William Furnas, J. G. Reeder a William Jay. In 1878, the year of the building of the church at Frederl in Miami County, this society went thither, where they now worship. 1 ground upon which the frame church stood, including that of the gravey? (one-half acre in all), was deeded to the church by John Furnas. The maining religious history of the township will be given in the respect villages. In addition to the burying- grounds about the several churches spoken ii above, and those following given under the head of villages, are those in S tions 3 and 11 of Township 3, Range 6. The former, known as the Rc I Graveyard from its situation on the Reed land, is quite ancient, and in it sk a number of the first settlers. The wife of James Reed, having selected i spot where she was desirous of interment, was the first buried there, and i'r this fact it became a place for burials. The latter is for the same reason sty' the Holderman Graveyard, John Holderman having given about a quarter an acre, to which was added by purchase another quarter, and the yard rej larly laid out into lots. On the 18th of April, 1879, a cemetery associati was formed, and a purchase of seven acres of ground, lying in Section 13, < joining the graveyard at Polk Church, made of Solomon Coble for $700. T following officers were elected: President, O. P. Waymire; Directors, Isa John and O. P. Waymire, John Ludy, Robert Martindale and Charles >Ja< son; Secretary, Henry Waymire; and Treasurer, Isaac Waymire. The grou is rolling, and has natural beauty, and is also beautifully located. It is re< larly laid out into lots, and has wide avenues leading through its various par Already steps have been taken in the direction of adding to and increasi its natural beauty by the planting of trees and shrubbery, and in it have be placed several fine and substantial monuments. It is styled Maple Grc Cemetery. MILLS,. DISTILLERIES, ETC. Butler Township seems to have had its full quota of mills, distilleries a woolen factories, for along Stillwater and the branch forming the dividing h between Township 5, Range 5, and Township 3, Range 6, and emptying ii the river below Little York, are numerous evidences of such enterprises, early as the year 1807 or 1808, Abijali O’Neal and Joseph Cooper built a sa mill on the river in the vicinity of the grist-mill at Little York. Several yeij thereafter, Andrew Waymire, having purchased O’Neal’s interest in the sa mill, and, later, that of Cooper, built a grist-mill on the site of the prese. BUTLER TOWNSHIP. Ill liver Heck mill. Waymire operated it for some years, and it passed into the ands of Daniel and Andrew Yount and Benjamin Iddings, who erected and aerated, in connection therewith, a distillery, and at about the same time, obert Russell built a still-house near by, which, years later, was converted by eorge Huffman into a tannery. The Younts and Iddings replaced the old •ist-mill by a new one, the work being done by Felty Waymire. The saw- ill was then abandoned. The mill passed through various hands, and finally 11 into the possession of Oliver Heck, who is now the miller at the old Way ire mill at Little York'. John Heikes also built and carried on a distillery ere. Daniel Yount built an early saw-mill on the branch named, which was him operated for a number of years, then carried on by Richard Sandham, 10 built there a large woolen factory. On this branch, south of the above- med mill, Andrew Yount erected a grist-mill, which was converted into a >okn factory by John Wenger. Sandham also built, above the Sandham ; itory, a grist-mill, which is still in operation. Prior to this, a saw-mill had lien built on the same site by Andrew Waymire. Still further north, on the me branch, John Mast erected a saw-mill, now the Coover mill. Above the iter was built a saw-mill by Joseph Staley, which became the property of hnry Waymire. William Long was carrying on a saw-mill and corn-cracker in t.i western part of the township, on Stillwater’. On the other side of the trnship were also numerous mills. David Pox operated a saw-mill near the rjuth of Poplar Creek. Eli Compton built a saw-mill in the southeast quarter 0 Section 22. Such mills were also built by John Mills, James O. Swallow, al the Sunderlands, Richard and James. Copper stills were operated by John IjMerman, James Miller & Son, David Fox, Samuel Maxwell, and many ojers, as such stills were numerous and in almost constant use. VILLAGKS. The village of Little York, situated in the southwestern part of the town rip, was laid out by Andrew Waymire October 13, 1817, and is by far the >.pst village of the subdivision. The plat shows that the original number of kj was forty-eight. Davis and John Waymire were present at the sale of the k(. The village sprang i into existence from the fact of the presence of the ■s at that point. A house or two had been erected by Andrew Waymire for 1 miller previous to the laying out of the lots. The first merchants of the pipe were Christopher Coon and a Mr. Sloan. Among the early inn-keepers ye Meredith Hutchins and Abraham Fry. Henry Huntsinger was then the dlge blacksmith. As to when the post office was established, and who was 1 first Postmaster, we have been unable to learn. We failed to find a record It, and all knowledge of the fact seems to have been lost to the yet remaining 'fleers of that vicinity. It was not, however, until several years after the ang out of the village. The present Postmaster is Perry Rankin, who keeps, c onnection with the office, a general store. A grist-mill is there in opera- ", owned by Oliver Heck. Gartner & Brussman are dealers in agricultural ulements; George Fair is the grocer, Charles Dresdo the shoemaker, and E) b Brussman the blacksmith. Chamber sburg. —Is situated in the southern part of the township, and was a; out by Robert Hosier and William Kennedy, January 26, 1830. The ’bon & Troy pike passes through it from north to south. The object of Q ' 3 men was to secure a post office and other conveniences, such as stores, a ktsmith, etc., as a village would afford. It was so named after a town of C'iame name in Pennsylvania. Early inn-keepers of the “burg ” were Peter 1 and John McDargh, the latter holding forth where the post office now is, a Fox on the present site of the hotel kept by William Harlow, who has also 112 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. a grocery. The first merchants of the village were Peter Fox and Ben j an Wilhelm, and the blacksmith was William Martin. Other interests are n carried on by William Compton, a grocer; Washington Barnhart and Isai Broomscotch, both “ smiths,” giving attention to repairing in their line. 1 Christian Church located here is a one-story brick, and was erected in the su mer of 1849. The organization was effected in November of the same year, Elder Peter Banta. The following-named ministers have since served 1 charge: Elders C. Morse, Peter McCullough, David Johnson, Hiram Simc ton, Warren Weeks and William Gross. This church, though at present wi( out a pastor, and with a membership of only about thirty, was once in a v< flourishing condition, having upward of one hundred and fifty enrolled. T church was built by subscription, and was to be a neighborhood place of w ship, its doors to be open to the various denominations. The post office v established at this village in 1834, with John McDargh as Postmaster. Sii then, so numerous have been the Postmasters that it would be almost impos ble to give them by name in proper order, since there has been no record them kept in the county. The present incumbent is Henry Westerman, v has been in office the greater part of the time since 1862. His predecessor \ William Jackson, who served many years. Vandalia. — This, the largest village of the three, is located in the east* part of the township. It is regularly laid out, and its streets are at right i gles. There is considerable of the spirit of enterprise manifested by the habitants, as is evidenced in the several manufactories, imposing church bui ings, new dwellings, etc. The village dates back to August 1, 1838, wlj thirty-three lots were laid out by Benjamin Wilhelm, who was the first nr chant of the village, and subsequently became its first Postmaster and May In the fall of 1838, Jonathan Skinner, a blacksmith, erected one of the f houses, which stood on the present site of the residence of William Murp Here Skinner carried on his trade, and was the first in that line, Abram Ej hart, of the same pursuit, coming next in order. William Baggot and one K were early tavern-keepers. Vandalia was visited by the cholera during year of 1849, and probably suffered as much by that scourge in proportion the number of inhabitants as did any place in the Enited States, as the foil* ing figures will doubtless show. The village then had a population of ab two hundred inhabitants, some fifty of whom took flight for safety and of remaining one hundred and fifty, fifty fell victims to the disease, leavmg per cent that withstood the calamity. The act incorporating the village ' passed February 7, 1848, and the first election for corporation officers \ held March 22, 1848, when Benjamin Wilhelm, the chief “figure-head the village, became its Mayor. His re-election occuri’ed on the same day < month in the following year’, and again at such date in 1850. Other May as far as could be obtained from records, elected as the dates following tl names show, have been: Ezra T. Leggett, March 22, 1851; re-elected Ma 22, 1852. In August, 1852, Mr. Leggett resigned, and on the 11th of t month, William Huffman was appointed to fill the vacancy. Otho E. Eu, was elected April 4, 1853, and on the 2d of April, 1855, William Huffman again chosen. Mr. Huffman was again elected in the spring of 1856, and re-elected the following April; I. C. Felter, April 5, 1858, and April 4, .18 I. R. Bittinger, April 1, 1861; J. T. Roll, April 7, 1862; J. N. North A| 15, 1863; William Jennings, April 12,1869; John Kunkle, in April. 1871 1872; James O. Swallow, April, 1873, who died in office, and was succeeded William H. Murphy; Mr. Murphy was re-elected in 1874 and 1875; Rich Krewson, in 1877; Daniel Foreman, in 1878; and William H. Murphy, 1 present incumbent, in 1879. BUTLER TOWNSHIP. 113 It was not for several years after the laying out of the village that the people iiereof had the benefit of a post office. We are unable to give the exact year, it can, from reliable source, state that Benjamin Wilhelm, the first Postmas- r, was serving in such capacity in the year 1845. Mr. Wilhelm’s successor as William Baggott, and in regular order came the following-named: Will- m Satcamp, J. W. Murphy, Dr. A. Curtis, J. W. Murphy, and the present in- umbent, Mrs. Rebecca Weidman, who took possession October 1, 1865. There e three churches here, which are given below in their chronological order. two of these, no record can be found, hence a brief sketch only can be wen, and that alone from the memory of some of the old members. About the ar 1839 or 1840, the United Brethren society erected a one-story brick church, on :ound deeded to them by Benjamin Wilhelm. This church, at completion, ms dedicated by the Rev. William Collins. The society was organized some jars prior to the building of the church, and meetings held at the house and irnof Christopher Shupp, also at other private residences, but at that one gen more frequently. Some of the early families of this society were the upps, Wilhelms, Covers and Beards, and among early ministers that served f>m were Joseph Hoffman and William Collins. During the years 1834, 135, 1836 and 1837, extensive camp meetings of the United Brethren denom- i ition were held in this vicinity. The church building was rebuilt in 1868. Ins a very neat one-story brick structure, with spire and bell; cost about $4, - (pi The charge is in a very flourishing condition; membership, about two i ndred; pastor, Rev. Swaim. The German Evangelical Church society was organized in 1844 or 1845, ail among the first members were the families of Henry Klauer. Henry Erber, Uderick Shaeffer and M. Kronemiller, and the first pastors were Revs. Peter Getz, G. Wolpert and John Honecker. Preaching was done at the residences u the members until the building of the present one-story brick church, in H3. It was dedicated in the spring of 1854; sermon by Rev. A. Shaeffer. fb. Jacob Miller is the present pastor; membership, about twelve. Lutheran Church, erected in 1864, is a one-story brick, with cupola and 'of. The society formerly was a part of the membership of the old Lutheran birch before mentioned, and, in 1858, withdrew for convenience, and effected '’ organization under the pastorate of Rev. Jacob Shower, and, up to the erec- it of the building at Yandalia, worshiped occasionally in the United Brethren Arch there. The following families were among those constituting the or - g ization : Ryders, Kunkles, Stoffers, Tobias, Ratcliffs, Randals and Alspachs. Us. A. S. Sink, Solomon Wiles, D. W. Smith, J. J. Welch, Sanders, D. 1 uers, Ritz, E. D. Smith, W. M. Smith and A. M. Barrett, the present in- Gibent, have served the charge. Present membership, about fifty. The Itch was dedicated in October, 1864, by Rev. T. T. Titus, of Springfield. The graveyard is as old as the village, the proprietor of which, having (led to the Trustees of the United Brethren Church two-thirds of an acre of pmd for bui'ial purposes, but not to be used exclusively by that denomination, t as never thought to be a very choice place of burial. However, it has been aty well filled, but it is now abandoned, and the new cemetery used. This is t ed Poplar Hill Cemetery, and is comprised of eight acres of ground, lying about Le- quarters of a mi le south of the village, on the Miami and Montgomery road, Biased of John Farrell at a cost of $652. The association was formed and ’■Mnized in March, 1874, and the following Trustees elected: Henry Kunkle, j'U Eby, D. J. Brandenburg, W. C. Randal and J. D. Kenney, with R. L. ,nan as Clerk. The grounds are regularly laid out into lots, leading to 'Uh are walks and avenues. Trees and shrubbery are being planted, and the ? is not far distant when it will become a beautiful spot. it 114 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. As was stated under the head of schools, Yandalia is an independc school district, in which is located a two-story brick building, erected in 181 costing $8,300. The teachers now employed are J. P. Nine and Lizzie We] and have enrolled (in January, 1882) thirty-six and forty-six scholars respe ively. The common, along with some of the higher branches, are tacH There are located here two lodges of the I. O. O. F.— Yandalia Lodge, i 657, instituted August 25, 1876, with twelve charter members, under the f lowing officers: John B. Fagor, N. G. ; John Kunkle, Y. G.; Michael B< nerd, 11. S. ; George C. Waymire, F. S. ; and Isaac Brandenburg, Treasur The lodge now numbers eighty-one. The present officers are: George Kim ner, N. G. ; Joseph H. Taylor, Y. G. ; John Y. North, Pi. S. ; Charles Maxti F. S. Eden Lodge, No. 123, was instituted July 20, 1880, with twenty-o charter members, and the following officers elected: George C. Waymire, G. ; Anna Jackson, Y. G. ; Kate Dabler, R. S. ; Mollie Sinks, F. S.; prest membership, sixty; and officers elect are: Hettie Wells, N. G. ; MolJie Sin V. G. ; Mary Anderson, R. S. ; Sarah Altermer, F. S. ; and Cynthia Nor Treasurer. The physicians of to-day are Drs. Corbin and Patton. There are two 1 tels, namely, Eagle House, kept by La Fayette Westerman, and the Emery, J. M. Agenbrond. Two carriage shops are carried on, one by J. & T. Nor and the other by D. J. Brandenburg, and a wagon shop carried on by Rich; Krewson. Other busiuess interests are as follows: A grocery and dry goo by North & Briggs; a steam saw-mill, by J. I. Anderson; a boot and shoe sto by Alexander Jordan; a grocery and store, by Davis Brothers; blacksmitkii , by J. W. Wells; drug store, by H. W. Emrick; grocery, by La Fayette We erman; meat store, by Henry Reuss; another, by John Kees; custom work i boot and shoe line, by E. Surrell; merchant tailoring, by J. Eschbaek; a barbering by the tonsorial artist, Henry Garrison. STATIONS. On the Dayton & Michigan Railroad are two stations, namely, Tadu and Johnson’s. At the former is kept one store, which serves as depot and p office. There is also at this station a grain elevator. At Johnson’s is one sfcc There is another post office at a place kuown as Spankertown. In neighborhood of twenty-five years ago, Branston Hutchins established a c riage shop a little east of Little York. Here were manufactured what w> known some years ago as the “Spanker’’ wagons, hence the name which cluster of houses afterward built at this point received. The office was est: lished here April 14, 1880, with Isaac Brandenburg, Postmaster, who, gbor after Mr. Hutchins was established, became his successor, and has since carr on the business. The merchant of this place is Peter Fetters. TERRY TOWNSHIP. 115 PERRY TOWNSHIP. r O write the history of a single township may to some appear like a matter of small moment, while to others it is considered very desirable that some , D. Spellman and Hezekiah Tobey, acting as the first Board of Trustees of t ) Bethel Congregation, received a lot from Michael Tobey on which to build ; d who could not travel so far to church, the ground being donated by r Mr. Ever- 118 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. sole. There are other churches in the township, built recently, with no reve their existence. This blue clay is the water-bearing clay, pockets exist- ij in it which are tilled with sand, gravel, granite bowlders and water, and spetimes with the other contents of these reservoirs of water are found pieces " wood and arboraceous leaves. For the supply to be permanent and cool, i mist be got out of these pockets, except that coming from the rocks. The vter obtained for house use in the south, west and north parts of the town- sip comes from this formation This clay is very compact and tough, and istly impervious to water. When the pockets are penetrated, the waters urn rise above them, and sometimes come to the surface. In Section 34, ' 3 re the west fork of Wolf Creek runs on the blue clay, are numerous springs, vich, including several wells on the farm of the writer, a litt'e above Brook- v|e, flow out at the top. Between the blue and red clays next above it, is an pr-glacial space which contains rolled and smooth limestone pebbles, sand a 1 granite bowlders, parts of trunks of arboraceous and coniferous trees, to- g her with leaves and bark. The bowlders are round and smooth, and possess >fef evidences of movement. It is not known that the fossils of the large ideal vertebrated animals are found in this space in this region; but it is that they have been elsewhere. In digging wells, more or less of the Ive fossils are encountered. These accumulations are, therefore, morainal. Ure must have been two glacial epochs as indicated by the geology of this i nship. The red clay next above is made so by the admixture with it of car- ><:ate of iron. Bowlders, large and small, native and foreign, are imbedded : his. The natives are of Niagara limestone of all sizes, with sharp corners, ■> ch indicate that they have been shoved along, and not rolled as the granite •e lders. These granite bowlders, together with much else that is of a mineral u ! earthy character that are imbedded in the clay, have been transported from 1 ada in glacial ice. The large surface bowlders scattered over the surface kbtless have been transported in icebergs from Greenland in the existence I deep post-glacial sea. There are a great many of these in the township, II of great size, which are being utilized in the construction of foundations, e ir walls, etc. In all parts of the township are found very fine specimens °fae lithological work of the aborigines, both neolithic and lithic, the work- ^ ship of which surpasses our comprehension. Many of these were evidently 124 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. utilitarian, while others were ornamental. These pro-historic relics have n excited that attention that their importance demands as ethnological curiositii The surface soil is superimposed upon the red clay, but, however, in plac it has an ash color. To obtain good water and in abundance one must, in di ging wells, always dig through the red clay. On account of the carbonate lime in this clay, the agriculturist should always plow a little deeper th formerly, which fact the farmers are beginning to understand. For ages come, this clay will be a source of wealth to the farmers. It makes good pi tery ware, tiling and splendid brick, there being in it sufficient iron to gi them a rich, red color. In this township are several morainal gravel pits ( the farm of Peter Razor, in Section 21, is an extensive deposit of this kin which has afforded considerable material for road making, but as it is denv from the soft surface rock it is not very durable. The sand and pebbles this pit are limestone plainly stratified, showing that water as well as ice h something to do with its formation. Other inter-glacial deposits of this ki are found, but there is too little of it, and it is too easily changed by use a frosts into yellow clay to amount to much. The alluvial gravel is much bett but very little of it is found in this township, but exists in great quantit. along Twin and Wolf Creeks. This region is drained by the three wesk forks of Wolf Creek, which How from about the center of the township in southeasterly direction, watering that locality; by the head waters of Be Creek in the south; by Twin Creek in the west, and in the north by thebe waters of Ludlow Creek. This township, as is seen from the above, forms a ki of water-shed. The soil is as good as the average of the Miami Yaliev, al is composed of three kinds, namely, red, black and ash-colored. At the ri settlement of the township, all kinds of timber peculiar to the Miami Val were found there — white, red and burr oak, white and yellow poplar, white a red beech, white and red elm, white and blue ash, white and sugar map rough and smooth bark hickory, black walnut, sycamore, wild cherry and mi berry. Some years ago, the timber became diseased and died to an alarm: extent, this being mainly due to the vicissitudes of the climate, caused, in pa by the removal of a large portion of the timber, thereby exposing that si standing to the extreme changes of climate. The process of draining has 1: its influence, too, by withdrawing from the roots of the trees the accustom amount of water. Then, the depredations of the caterpillar were keenly f( As will be remembered, these insects, in the year 1873, made their appearai in our forests in almost countless numbers, and infested the trees fcr th consecutive years. These worms denuded the trees of leaves, which ultima! destroyed many of the finest trees, mostly of oak, hickory and elm. As leaves are to trees what the lungs are to animals, they can no more live with them than can animals without lungs. From this larval condition, these d gusting worms rolled themselves up in a web of their own spinning on leaf whose edges they drew together with the same thread. After remaining t O ^ •/ ^ _ O , this chrysalis condition for a few days, they were then metamorphosea intci white moth which lived for a brief period only. These worms or insects ca into this region from the North, and slowly disappeared, moving south wa, being three years in passing a certain point. This is the only period in history of the township that our forests have been visited by them. As few healthy trees are now to be found, the woodman sho Id not forget the junction, “Woodman, spare that tree. ” Forest culture will soon have to resorted to if the supply is to be kept up. Permit us to proceed further this line and state that within a few years have made their appearance in t vicinity, the currant and gooseberry worm, which is likewise the larval con CLAY TOWNSHIP. 125 )n of a white moth, and very destructive to the leaves of those bushes, thereby juring the fruit. This portion of Montgomery County was not settled as early as other lo- lities, for it was not until the year 1804 that we have any evidence of arriv- o- emigrants. This year from Virginia came Joseph Rohrer, with family, d settled a little to the northeast of the center of the township, entering ad in Section 14, which is considered the best in the township. The records ow that prior to 1810, Mr. Rohrer had entered 480 acres of land in Sections and 14, namely: the southwest quarter of Section 13, and the southeast d northeast quarters of Section 14, and also the northwest quarter of Section ', and that the land was in his possession that year. In 1805, from the same ate emigrated John Spitler, who in a few years married a daughter of Mr. )hrer, and settled on Section 14, where both passed the remaining years of ’sir lives. A daughter of Mr. Rohrer rode from her native State on liorse- Ick, when the family came out. About the year 1805. one of Pennsylvania’s -is, in the person of Michael Baker, effected a settlement in Section 26, which :tion he entered. In 1810, Nicholas Beesecker owned 100 acres of this id located in the northwestern quarter of that section, and George Emert med the sixty acres of that tract referred to. On this section there was an Mian camp when Mr. Baker arrived. Here, on these lands, the parents -ared life’s joys and cares together until silvered had become their hair, and ire claimed by death. From the same State came Jacob Michael, who, in J 10, possessed 400 acres of land in the southern part of Section 25. This lid had been entered as early as the year 1805, by John Bowman, who had titered, in addition to Section 25, forty acres in the southeast corner of Section The latter, in 1810, was owned by Frederick Smith, and 250 acres in the u’thern part of Section 25 by Daniel Razor. The Michael tract is nowin ^session of Jacob, Jr., who was born on it. A little later than 1805, the dthwest and southeast quarters of Section 34 was entered by Daniel Gripe, Pennsylvanian. In 1810, the former quarter section was owned by Daniel i ler. Mr. Gripe lived to a green old age, and before death settled a son and 4-indaw, the latter Joseph Mikesell, on parts of the original tract. About the year 1805, Andrew Lasure entered and moved on the north- :;tern quarter of Section 33. During the same year, John Pippenger settled i, Section 35, entering the northeast quarter of the same, but soon thereafter ditto John Minich. Daniel Kinder entered a portion of Section 24. He ' migrated to this locality in 1808, and in a short time sold the land to John iwonger and entered a tract in Section 36. This land he improved and lpd thereon until death. Daniel Krider, a son, is now occupying the old prises. All the above entries were located on the three western branches of blf Creek, in consequence of which the land was well drained and the springs, vich were numerous, every farm having one, were never failing; and, again, t,se tracts were nearly all in the southeastern portion of the township. The Cans of these sturdy old pioneers were generally erected close by the numer- 1 springs above mentioned. John Niswonger, prior to the year 1810, en- “id 320 acres in Section 23, as follows: The northwest and southeast quar- t's. The latter quarter section was owned in 1810 by Samuel Niswonger. ftwonger (John) also entered the northeast quarter of that same section, nking in all 480 acres entered by him. David Miller, 80 acres situated in t northern part of Section 30, which in 1810 was owned by Elijah Wood. ler also entered 80 acres in the southern part of the same section, which in 1 0 was owned by Robert Wood. A Mr. Replogel entered quite a body of ■' 1 in Sections 27 and 34, which in 1816 was the property of Daniel Gripe. Ins Circle was the original proprietor of the southwest quarter of Section 126 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 23, and Daniel Razor of the northwest quarter of Section 13. Among oth pioneers were Abram Wambanch, Christian Somers, Charles Fiet, Camel Riley and -Jacob Horner, all settling in the southwestern part of the tow, ship. In the northern part a number of families by the name of Thomas, wl were connected with the Society of Friends or Quakers, settled early. Em grants kept coming in from various quarters, and settlements were mai throughout the suodivision. The Government land was all disposed of ai taken up prior to 1830. Our pioneer fathers had much to contend with, and necessarily unde went great privations. They lived far away from the sources of suppl The market for what little they had to sell was distant and the roa thereto mere bridle paths and indicated by blazed trees only. The necessari of life were only obtained by hard labor, and such things as luxuries we unknown to them. Their wants were few and hard to supply. Their niutu dependencies made their social ties strong. They were neighborly and ve: social. Frequent were their visits to each other’s cabins. They met often assist one another in the erection of cabins and stables, in log raisings and 1< rollings. They were hospitable to new-comers — the “ latch string ” of' tl cabin doors was ever out. In illness they were dependent upon their medic resources, which seem to have been efficacious, as their lives were charactenz by great longevity. Instead of being then cursed with too much profession medicine, as are the people of to-day, they by their arts assisted nature, whi is now by too much medication often thwarted. Then each man was his ow physician and priest, and every one was a law to himself. There were no v grants or vagabonds among them. They had no use for court houses or jai Religious sectarian dogmas and political dissensions did not disturb the; Far and near the people would go to visit the sick and dying. Every boi went to funerals in that day, and the sorrow manifested thereat was real at heartfelt. No particular etiquette was then observed. It was not so expe sive to die then as now. Now it is too expensive to live, and costs too much die. They were unostentatiously honest and charitable to a fault. Th wore what they earned, ate what they got, knew no such word as ba and envied no man's goods. The first settlers of this region have all paid th debt from which none are exempt. Of them it might be truthfully sai “ Well done, thou good and faithful servant.” Many, too, of the first born the township have grown old in it and have been gathered to their fatkej These pioneers have made themselves worthy of the township in wind th resided. They have made their mark. Their work is as “bread cast upon t, waters, to be seen many days hence.” From a personal acquaintance ai intercourse with many of these the writer can testify to their merits. The first schoolhouse of which we have been able to get any know lea was one that stood in the northwest corner of the southwest quarter of Sectu 13, on the present site of the cemetery there. It was built about the ye 1815, and was constructed of unhewn logs. Within, in the way of beam apparatus, was an improvised brick furnace or stove located in the centi Slabs were used as desks and for seats or benches. The first schoolmaster the house and the first teacher of the township was a German, by name Jol: Holsmiller. Not long after the erection of this house, was built another Section 26 on the Michael Baker land, about one mile northeast of the prese village of Brookville. A few years later, another house was built near t. center of Section 34. This was probably about the year 1820. All of the, houses were built on the same plan, which did not differ from the usually ru log schoolhouse of pioneer times, full descriptions of which will be found els where in this work. In these schools were taught no German, nor geograph CLAY TOWNSHIP. 127 )r geometry, but certainly good manners and morality were, and the youth jstructed beneath the old “ clapboard roof ” became splendid men and women, hose lives were characterized by honesty, industry and economy. Two sec- ons of land were reserved for the support of schools. These have been sold id the proceeds, with the local and State tax, are amply sufficient for thepro- sion of good schools, with which the township is well supplied, there being ;)W nine substantial brick schoolhouses, three of which are two stories high, id in them are taught graded schools. Two of these, at Brookville and Phil- )sburg, are independent as special districts. The furniture of these houses of the best. There are now in the township 1,000 youth of school age, lich is an average of 111 to each schoolhouse. For the year 1880, $6,458 ere expended for school purposes, or $6.50 to each pupil; that, together with ;e interest of the money expended in the Construction of the houses, makes it t less than $8.50 to each scholar per annum; the maximum wages of teachers $3.25, and the minimum $1.25 per day. The first “meeting house” built in 13 township was erected in the vicinity of the present village of Phillipsburg ! the Society of Friends; however, this was not until, comparatively speaking, ' ate day, in 1828. Prior to this, all denominations worshiped either in the neting-houses of the neighboring townships or in schoolhouses, each other’s (bins or barns, and in the summer in the woods. Among the early families riling in the southern part of the township were quite a number of the Ger- im Baptist persuasion. There are located here now some thirteen churches, tp greater number of which are situated in the villages. Thus is afforded a iuse of worship for every 235 inhabitants of the subdivision. VILLAGES. There are here quite a number of villages, which follow in their chronological ler: Phillipsburg, situated in the northeastern part of the township, has a pop- i lion of 232. Ten lots were laid out by James Hanks, a surveyor, January : : 1836, for the proprietors, Philip Studybaker, John John, John Thomas and miah Thomas, and it derived the name of Phillipsbiug from Studybaker. j the year 1828, the Friends’ meeting-house, before spoken of, was built here, ' n. Thomas was the first preacher. The denomination of Friends who here v rshiped are now of the events that “have been,” the society having long s'ce disappeared. Peter Rhodebauch was a merchant in this vicinity in 1835. 1.8 post office was established in 1846, with Peter Smith as Postmaster. In )16, a schoolhouse was built, and in the same year the Rev. Elijah Willi am- s i, as an expounder of the doctrines taught by the Christian denomination, I ached to the people in a cabinet-maker’s shop. Four churches now grace Y village — Christian, United Brethren, Lutheran and Evangelical. The mer- efnts of to-day are A. H. Baker and J. M. Beason. There is one* saw-mill in l village. One of the two voting precincts of the township is at this point, Hth Aldington, situated near the center of the township on the National fid, was laid out November 19, 1838, by Slingsby L. Barnes, into sixteen i' ', which were platted July 8, 1839. Edward Green opened the first store s, p after the village was laid out. The United Brethren Church located here "I built in 1852, with Rev. Cosharine as the first regular preacher. The vil- 8 is now the center of a large area of tobacco culture, and in it are two uksmith and one wagon-maker’s shop, and a saw-mill, built in 1841, now 1 rated by D. A. Baker. It was formerly one of the voting precincts of the 1 nship. The population is 149. Bachman, situated about one and one-half ups west of Aldington on the Dayton & Union Railroad, and on the Na- Ljial road, was laid out by C. Bachman, the proprietor of the land, April 1, I 2, the surveying being done on that date by W. G. George. It has apopu- ! Dn of sixty-six. It has a store and warehouse, where is located the post office ; 128 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. proprietors are the Hammel Brothers. One Dougherty is the “ village smitl The village of Dodson was laid out by B. H. Dodson, April 15, 1851, lieu the name. It is fifteen miles northwest of Dayton, and at it is formed t junction of the D. & U. with the D. &. W. R. R. Its inhabitants numb seventy-seven. At this point, in 1874, the Catholics erected a church. T people have the benefit of a post office, telegraph office, a warehouse and ge eral store kept by Messrs. Williamson & Albert. Brookville, the principal village, located in the southern part of the tow ship, on the Dayton and Western l’oad, was surveyed and platted by Jar Frees April 13, 1850, for Jacob Flory, the proprietor of fifteen lot9. In 188 a dry goods store was kept on the site of the village, by Warren Estabroo for whom it was afterward named. Joseph Mikesell was an earlier marcha on the same site. Additions were made by one Root, and by Noah and Ben min Baker. The village is pleasantly situated on the west branch of W< Creek, and is about 250 feet higher than the city of Dayton. From this v lage diverge in almost every direction good and free turnpikes, which t township in general is well supplied with. The first funeral sermon preach where now is the village was under a forest tree, standing on the present s, of the house of G. Stonebarger. In 1852, the Methodist Chiuch was erectc and the house dedicated by Rev. A. B. Wambaugh. A little later, the Lutln an Church was erected by the Presbyterian congregation, which is now lost sig of. Of the three warehouses now located here, one was built in the year 1852, Benjamin Baker. C. Burlin was the physician of 1853. The post office was < tablished in 1855, with Moses Wagaman as Postmaster. The present incumbent L. S. Smith. This same year, the first regular hotel of the village was built, G.B. Adams. This became an independent school district in 1873, and the f lowing year the village was incorporated (September 9, 1874). James Smi was the first Mayor. James Stewart is now the Village Mayor. The sehoi house is a large two-story brick, with four apartments. The teachers £ Samuel Minich. Laura Duckwall, Silas Fox and Minnie Smith. In 1879, t largest and most commodious church edifice was built by the United Brethnl Rev. Mi’. Miller was the first, and is still their Pastor. Revs. Mr. Grow a! Michael Kaufman officiated respectively in the Lutheran and Methodist Church The physicians are Drs. J. C. Conner, A. Dove, C. Gish, William Mundhenk a Moses Pretzinger. The Village Justice is L. S. Smith, and J. Smith is t telegraph operator and ticket and freight agent. The Brookville hotel is k( by Charles Riley; the “ Eureka” by Noah Baker; and the “Eagle” by J. Hidinger. Other business enterprises are as follows: A steam flour iug-mi two saw-mills, a large carriage manufactory, owned and operated by H Gagle; a wagon-maker shop, carried on by John Siebert; drygoods andgroce establishments, carried on by Richard Riley, H. Albert and Samuel Barn two tin shops, by David Ivinsie and Stephen Ellen; one saddler shop and c barber shop, two drug stores, kept by William Sanford and Moses Pretzing and two houses where are kept agricultural implements. Jacob Overhalser a R. Roller are the blacksmiihs. The population now numbers 565. It is c of the voting precincts. West Baltimore, lying partly in Preble and partly in Montgomery Gout being in the northwestern part of the township, was, surveyed by J acob t re June 22, 1852. The proprietors of that part situated in Montgomery Com were Peter Snyder, Isaac Schauff, Rinehard Bens., William S. Reed and Boy Fritchey & Co. In 1835, on the present site of the village, John Fritz s< dry goods, and in 1839, a United Brethren Clmrcb was erected. The vill< is on the line of a turnpike, running through it east and west, and at the no and of one running south. CLAY TOWNSHIP. 129 Wenger Lawn is a Hag station on the Dayton & Union Railroad, one lie from Bachman. In 1876, a store and warehouse was opened by Solomon iod. The same year, a United Brethren Church was erected. Mr. Good is e Pastor. In 1853, the saw mill now owned and operated by William Long is built by Daniel Lasure. Clay is prominently a grass township. Figuratively speaking, grass is ring ” here. The soil is well adapted to both foreign and native. The latter is esent everywhere and, at times, takes the place of all others. It comes rly in spring and lasts late in autumn, and is more nutritious than any ler. It is best for flesh and milk. ’Tis said, “ all flesh is grass.” Clover : d timothy make the best hay, and the former is especially good for the recu- . ration of the soil. About 85 per cent of the whole are plow lands, leaving fly i5 per cent as wood and pasture land. This, in the opinion of the a iter, is not right. At least 30 per cent of the whole should be left in pasture r I woodland. The farmers are now understanding the importance of the j ation of crops, and of clover being one of them for manure purposes, in cisequence of which there is being brought about a marked improvement in t> agriculture of this region. Live stock is to a greater extent being in- csed in winter than in former years, which not only adds to their comfort but ■economy to farmers. It is being understood that for every load of grain, v. straw or tobacco taken off of a farm, a load of manure should be returned. Inure put upon this land is like “bread cast upon the waters to be seen many l/s hence,” as there is no washing and an impervious sub-soil which pre- i'its leaching. As land is the basis of all human operations, either in the shape of lots, lids or farms, and as population increases, so will the value of lands and lots iirease; consequently there is an increased desire on the part of the people of 1 township to own land. Every foot of it is available for agricultural and u’ticultural purposes. There is no waste land in it. The soil was originally g id, but now the fertility of it is being improved by ditching and tiling, /as once said, “Young man, go West.” Lands here are as cheap, consider- u the locality and quality, and improvements, as they are anywhere else. Bp few people now move away to buy cheap lands. With two exceptions, 1 roads are on section lines, and the farms square. The expense of fencing therefore at a minimum, costing about $92,160 to fence the township in ty-acre lots, this being $4 to the acre, the interest on the gross amoun lg $5,529, or $3 to the individual of the rural part of the township. When 1 stock law is fully enforced, as it will be in a few years (now ’tis only par- tly), then the cost of fencing will be less. For faiun boundary fences, hedging s ow being planted extensively. Formerly, when the country was new, and the surface partially covered vi timber, weeds and water, and agriculture in its infancy, malarious dis- Us were then quite prevalent. Forty years ago, when the writer of this, as i lysician, first became acquainted with the township, malarial disease was n;e or less common every year, and some years more or less of it in every ily. But now, since it is mostly cleared and cleaned of brush and weeds, | ditched and fairly cultivated, it compares favorably with any other part 'the Miami Valley in this respect. Good housekeeping, as well as good hijbandry, has done much to bring about this state of affairs. The social and ;X1 al condition of the people of this will compare well with those of any other topship in the county. No murder has ever been committed here, and there 18 jut little litigation. Indeed, the morals would be exceedingly good if it w > not for the intoxicating liquors sold. According to the enumeration recently taken, the population of the town- i 130 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. ship is 3,060. being 85 to the square mile, an increase of about 20 per ce during the last decade. The village population is 1, 130. This is a gain of 237 during the 1; decade, being a gain of 20 per cent also. In fifty years, at this rate of ga the population of the township will be double what it is now, or 6,120. T1 of the villages will be 2,260. The population of the rural district is 1,930, being a gain of 282, or per cent since 1870. Thus we see that it takes the rural population f'ourte decades or one hundred and forty years to double itself, while the villa population will be double in fifty years. This is unfortunate, as village 1 is more demoralizing than rural life. The idle and profligate drift into v lages. If these were industrious and economical, they would have no troui to find homes in the country. There are thirty-six sections in the township and 23,040 acres of land. I ing seven and a half acres to each inhabitant; 18,626 arces of this is plow lai The balance, 4,414 acres, is woodland. Much of this is used for pasture, as it all inclosed. There is a little less than twelve acres of land to each inhabitant outsi of the villages. The population of Brookville, the principal village of the township, is 5( being a gain of 165 in the last decade. Of Phillipsburg it is 232, being a g< of 45 in the last ten years ; of South Arlington it is 149, being a gain 25 since 1870 ; of Dodson it is 77, being a gain of 30 in the last decade ; Bachman it is 66, being a loss of one in the last ten years. At this rate decline, this village will be “ wiped out” of existence in 660 years ; of Wen^j Lawn, it is 41, a clear gain in the last ten years. The lands of the township have just been appraised (for taxable purpos 1 at $55 per acre with the buildings, and at $50 per acre without them, maid in the aggregate $1,267,200 with buildings; without buildings; $1,152,01 The buildings are valued at $115,200. This makes $415 to each inhabit for land with buildings. The total value of the real estate in the villages of the township is $13 330, being $1 16 to each inhabitant of villages. Of personal property, there are in the township 667 horses, valued $37,610, averaging $56 to the head. Of cattle, there are 1,134 head, valued at $15,434, being a little over $ per head. There are 19 mules, valued at $910; 313 sheep, valued at $971; 2,417 ho, valued at $5,684, and 467 carriages, valued at $17,908. There are also watches, valued at $792; 37 pianos and organs, valued at $1,165 ; the avera merchandise is valued at $1,650; values of money subject to draft, $8,41j credits after deducting bona fide debts, $90,052 ; dogs, 290, valued at $175. Total value of all taxable personal property, including cereals and iobaci) $418,750. The total value of all the property in the township, real and personal, j $1,717,110, being $561 to each inhabitant. Total amount of all taxes paid in the township for all purposes is, 1 1880, $20,974, being nearly $7 to each man, woman and child, and bei: nearly 82 per cent of 1 per cent of the whole amount. There are eleven distinct turnpike roads in the township, making in t ao-a-recrate thirty-five miles, and a little over three miles to the road. Die roads are all “ free pikes,” no toll roads are in existence in the township, the rate at which “pikes” have been made, it will not be many years till < the principal roads will be “piked.” The average cost of these free pikes CLAY TOWNSHIP. 131 Dout $1,500 per mile. Bridging is not expensive, as there are no streams of ]y size in the township. The ditches on either side furnish excellent drain- re to the adjacent lands. These turnpikes are paid for by bonds hypothecat- 1 on a tax placed upon adjacent lands, to be paid in installments. These ads add greatly to the comfort of living and to the value of the lands. ’Tis 'ierefore, for the farmers, a judicious investment. Two of these pikes are on wnship lines. In the township are nine variety stores where are kept dry goods, clothing, oceries and all kinds of ware; seven warehouses or grain depots located on ie two railroads that cross the southwestern corner of the township, namely: re Dayton & Union and Dayton & Western, by which is afforded excellent fa- tties for shipping the various products and for travel. A great amount of leat, corn, oats, barley, tobacco and hogs are handled annually at these ware- :uses. Five saw-mills, a large carriage manufactory, wagon-maker’s shop, ght blacksmiths, a large flouring mill, tile factory, a store where agricultural iplements and machinery are kept, eight physicians and surgeons — one for (- iry 382 inhabitants. Unfortunately for the morals of the people, there are (jht saloons, and four hotels, and two drug stores, making fourteen places ' .ere ardent spirits are dispensed — one for every 218 persons. The laws for tj> protection of the people from the evils of drunkenness are not enforced, i ther will they be until it is made the duty of officers in authority to see that r ty are enforced. 132 HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. MIAMI TOWNSHIP. BY JACOB ZIMMEK. I N the latter part of the year 1795, a surveying corps under the charge of Da iel C. Cooper, located a road through the dense forest up the east bank the Miami, from Fort Hamilton to the mouth of Mad River, and early in 171 the territory now embraced in this township began to be settled, as in ti year William Hole located on 150 acres of land in Section 25, east of t present town of Miamisburg. In the following winter his parents, Zackari and Phoebe (Clark) Hole, came from Virginia, accompanied by their farni and located on the same section as his son William. The children were follows: William, who married Ruth Crane; Daniel, who married Polly Deed Dr. John, a sketch of whom will be found in Washington Township; Zai ariah, who married Hannah Delay; Polly, who became the wife of David Yi zell; Sarah, who married a Mr. Eaton; Betsy, who became the wife of Jo Craig and Phoebe, who also married a man named Eaton. All were born : Virginia. In the summer of 1799, a block-house was erected on a part of Za< ariah Hole’s land, around which was thrown a stockade for protection agai: the Indians, and this became known as “ Hole’s Station.” It was soon rec< nized as a point of considerable importance, a kind of headquarters for all . vtj. came to this region while prospecting for or locating land. The elder H and wife died and were buried in the vicinity of the station, while the youn; members of the family subsequently removed to other portions of the com and State. During the latter part of 1797, or early in 1798, Maj. George Ada: Anthony Chevalier, William Van Arsdale and James Drew settled in this ton ship. Of the two latter little is known, only that Drew lived at Hole’s Stati ; and Van Ausdall with his family lived southwest of the mouth of Ho Creek. Maj. Adams entered a large tract of land in the present vicinity Carrollton along the bank of the Miami River. He played a prominent p in the war of 1812 in defense of the frontier settlements, and bore the sc of many battles. Previous to his settlement in this county, he had lived Butler County, from where he removed to Montgomei’y. Chevalier was a tive of France, one, of those intrepid bands of patriots who left their nat land under the leadership of the gallant Lafayette, to tight for American in pendence. He served throughout that struggle against English oppression, . at its triumphant close settled in Virginia, where he married Rachel Scot cousin of Gen. Winfield Scott; lived subsequently in Kentucky, and from tk came to this county. He settled at Hole’s Station, from whence, after a years’ residence, he removed to Section 1 5, and is yet well-remembered many old citizens. In the early part of the year 1800, Col. William Dodds and family set in Section 21, near where the town of Carrollton is now located. He w | native of Pennsylvania, who there married Isabella McGrew, and toward; close of the eighteenth century came to Cincinnati, where he lived a few ye, thence to this township ; with him came his wife and seven children, v Joseph, who was killed in the war of 1812; William, John, James, Marga Polly and Catherine ; two were born subsequently, Thomas and Martha, the same time, his brother Joseph and family also located in this towns MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 133 )ol. Dodds and wife lived and died on the farm which they settled, leaving ,iany descendants who honor their memory. He was a man of vigorous mind, ho did much toward the speedy settlement of this portion of the Miami ‘alley. Another of the pioneers was Alexander Nutz, of Pennsylvania, who nth his family located on Section 36, one mile south of “ Hole’s Station,” in 800, and who is well remembered by old men now living in the township, who •ere small boys dining the war of 1812, and who vividly recollect that Mr. lutz had a good orchard as early as that struggle. In the fall of 1802, Will- im Lamme with his wife and five children came from Kentucky, and settled a Section 9, in the northeast corner of the township. He erected the first rist-mill in this locality, in a narrow gorge between the hills on Hole’s Creek, kick site was long ago abandoned, and a more suitable place selected, where is eldest son, David, built and operated a mill. He was also a native of Ken- icky, and was about eighteen years old when his parents came to Montgomery ounty, and here on the 7th of August, 1804, he was married to Margaret odds, a daughter of Col. William Dodds, who is spoken of previously. She .as born in Pennsylvania, and came to this county with her parents. Of this lion were born two sons and eight daughters, only two of whom are living, z., William J. and Katy E. David Lamme was a Justice of the Peace for .any years, and in 1840 was elected to the Legislature ; he was one of the bmmissioners under whom the court house at Dayton was built, and died ugust 22, 1855, his wife dying December 28, 1868. In 1802, John Craig id family came to this township, and erected a log cabin on the site of the •esent residence of H. C. Hunt, on the Springboro road. The same year imuel Boltin, a Dunkard preacher, settled in Section 35, on the west bank of e Miami River. He was born in Philadelphia in 1767, and there married lizabeth Brown of that city, and about 1795 removed to Kentucky, and two ■ars later to Clermont County, Ohio, thence in 1802 to this county. He ought with him his wife and five children, viz., William, Mary, Jane, Sarah id Henry; after coming to this county, four others were born as follows: ewart, Annie, Samuel and Phcebe. Air. Boltin, besides preaching the Gospel, is one of the pioneer school teachers of this region of country, and died in >39, his wife surviving him a few years. Phoebe Makaiu, the widow of mes Makaiu, is the only one of his children now living, and Henry’s three ns, Samuel, Cornelius and Henry, are the only members of the family me residing in Montgomery County. Dining this year, or the year following, Alexander Scott and family, of entucky, settled northwest of the station, but subsequently sold out and wed to Indiana. In 1804, George Y. Stettler, wife and five sons — William, Tory, Daniel, George and Jacob — natives of Berks County, Penn., located one le southwest of “Hole’s Station,” where George V. died April 23, 1815. s son, Daniel, was born in Berks County, Penn., in June, 1773, and about 10 was married to Catherine Gehres, also a native of the Keystone State, 4 who came to Butler County, Ohio, with her family in 1805. She was born 1 1783, and had four children by her union with Mr. Stettler, only two, Philip ■ d Hannah, now living. Daniel was in the war of 1812, and died in Miami ,'Wnship in June, 1853, his wife surviving him until November 27, 1863. It I s at the cabin of the Stettler’s where one of the early churches was organ- 'd in 1806, which organization is yet in existence ; during .1804 came Jacob d John lingerer, who settled in Section 30; Andrew Small, who located a lie east of the lingerer’s, and who was an old Revolutionary soldier, and C P °f the pioneer school teachers of the Aliami Valley; and James Pettigrew G William Long with their families, who settled southeast of the station; also • bias Whetsel, his wife, Catherine, with five sons and two daughters, came 134 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. from North Carolina and settled in the vicinity of the Gebhart Church, wliei they had born to them after coming, one son and two daughters; Mary ai Catherine are now the only survivors of this large family. It was in the spring or summer of 1804, that John Shupert, wife and si children, Christopher, Frederick, Jacob, Eva, Peggy and Tena, came fro Berks County, Penn., locating about one mile southwest of “Hole’s Station, where he and wife lived until death. Christopher was married and had or son, John, when the family located here, the latter of whom is now residin in the township. In the same colony from Berks County, Penn., came Pet< Gebhart, wife and two children, John and Elizabeth, settling a short distant southwest of the station, where Peter died the same year. His son, John, no a very old man, is still a resident of Miami Township. Most of this colony fro: Berks County settled in German Township, and the record of their settlemei will be found under that heading. Henry and Mary Strader, natives of Norl Carolina, also came in 1804. Their son, Samson P., was born in Guilfoi County, N. C., in 1796; married Mary Benner in 1817, a native of Marylam born in 1796, and daughter of Jacob and Mary Benner, also early settle) of this township. They had five children. In the fall of 1804 came one of those men who have done so much towar building up the moral interests of this valley, and who have molded and cry tallized its religious sentiment. His name was John Jacob La Rose, a mini ter of the Reformed Church, and a native of Lehigh County, Penn., born i February, 1755. His parents were John L. and Anna Iv. La Rose, natives < Germany, of French extraction, "who came to America about 1740. Early life, young La Rose manifested a deep interest in religious matters, which d> veloped with the passing years, and in the meantime he learned the tailor trade, which he followed for a livelihood. In September, 1776, he enlisted i the army of Washington, underwent the sufferings at Valley Forge, and pa: ticipated in the memorable battle of Trenton, N. J. , December 26 of thi year. In 1777, his term of enlistment having expired, he went to North Carol na, finally settling in Guilford County, where about 1780 he married Mary 1 Gift, to whom were born five sons and three daughters, viz., Philip J., Lou V., Jacob, Daniel, John, Barbara, Elizabeth and Catherine. Here William 1 Rose followed tailoring, farming and teaching school, and in 1795 was license to preach the gospel by an Ecclesiastical Body of the Presbyterian Church, the) being no such body of the Reformed denomination nearer than Pennsylvani He had, however, acted in the capacity of a preacher of the Word long prev ous to receiving his licentiate, and for seven or eight year’s subsequent: preached for the Reformed Church in Guilford County. In September, 180- he started with his family, in a four-horse wagon, for Ohio, arriving at “ Hole Station ” November 4, of that year, and immediately entered 160 acres of lap about one mile south east of that point, upon which he erected a log cabin, ai began his life in the valley of the Miami. In the early part of 1805, he r sumed his ministerial duties by preaching to the scattered pioneers, whorevi and whenever he could gather a few to listen to the Word, and thus he passe several years preaching and teaching throughout this region of country. I 1812, he removed to Highland County. Ohio, where his wife died in 1813, ai the following year he returned to this township, and made his home with h son-in-law, Emanuel Gebhart, who then resided on the “ old homestead,” whit Mr. La Rose had entered; he afterward lived with his children in Preb County, Ohio. On the 22d of May, 1820, he was examined and oi’dained by committee of minister's, appointed by the Synod of the Refoi’ined Church f that purpose, and until 1826 was engaged on missionary work in Ohio, Incl MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 135 ; a and Kentucky. In that year, he retired from the practical duties of the i.nistry, although preaching occasionally until- 1830, after which he preached i more. He died (in the same house which he had erected forty years previ- c sly) November 17, 1844, in his ninetieth year, the last fourteen of which he id spent in happy retirement, such as writing articles upon religious subjects, iding, meditation and prayer. He inherited a healthy, vigorous body, with f trong vital force, possessing great tenacity of constitution and power of en- trance, and was well adapted for pioneer work. Among his neighbors he bore t a name of “Peace Maker,” and was recognized as a conscientious, thorough (ristian, a man whom all loved and respected. It was he who organized the ( bhart and Stettler Churches, in 1805 and 1806 respectively, and St. John’s at ' rmantown in 1809. For this sketch of William La Rose, we are indebted to t> Rev. Isaac H. Reiter, D. D., who kindly furnished us with all the data and f ts as to Mr. La Rose’s life and labors. Henry and Elizabeth Moyer, natives of Pennsylvania, settled in Section - on the west bank of the Miami in 1804, where Henry died the following ir. Their son, Peter, was but fifteen years old upon coming to this county. bung been born in Berks County, Penn., September 7, 1789. Married I zabetli Heck, of Jefferson Township, October 8, 1812, who bore him ten ldren. Both spent their lives in this township. In 1805, Valentine Gebhart and family came to this township from Berks Canty, Penn., and with his sons, Andrew, Philip and Daniel settled at Hole’s Sta- hl and whose descendants are among the most respected citizens of Montgomery Canty. In the same year came John Gebhart, wife Chi-istine, and four chil- in— Catherine, George, Jonathan and Elizabeth — from Berks County, Penn., - ling in Section 24, and after coming, had born to them Mary, Daniel, Gistine, Elias, Salome and Lydia. Mr. Gebhart died in 1842, in his sixty - hrth year, his wife surviving until 1870, dying in her ninetieth year. Jona- tl-’n and Elias are the only survivors of eleven children. With John Gebhart cae his wife’s parents, George and Margaret Gebhart, also two brothers- in- h, George Gebhart with his wife, Elizabeth, and seven children, and Jacob Gphart and wife Salome. In 1806, Jacob and Catherine Baum, natives of dryland, who had been residing in Kentucky previous to this date, came to At is now Miami Township, and located north of Hole’s Station on the east ’k of the Miami River. They brought with them nine children, viz. : Mar- i K., Mary, Elizabeth, John, George, Susan, Barbara, Jacob and Joseph; the -her died about 1808, and the father about 1830. Jacob, Jr., the only sui - - or of the family was born February 4, 1801, and is now eighty-one years - but the ravages of time have made sad havoc with his once sturdy frame, 1 his days on earth must indeed be few. He was married to Elizabeth Cra- A who bore him three daughters — Margaret, Eliza and Mary, the eldest of ■f)m is the only one living, she being the wife of John H. Schaffer, of Ger- ci Township, with whom Mr. Baum makes his home. In 1809, Emanuel Gebhart, with his wife Elizabeth (who was a daughter The Rev. John Jacob La Rose) and family, from Pennsylvania, settled on d La Rose farm, and here spent their entire lives in the vicinity of Miamis- she dying December 26, 1867, aged eighty-three, and, January 22, 1868, i' husband followed her, and they now sleep side by side in their last earthly hijie. With Mr. Gebhart, came his son-in-law. Jacob Kercher, and wife Mar- Tpt, who bore him after coming to Ohio, two sons and eight daughters; the ’ former and one of the daughters are yet living. Jacob died in 1855. and -nwite a few years later; he owned land east of “the Station,” and Miamis- J1 g was partly laid out by him on this land. At the same time that Jacob «f,e to Ohio, his brother John, who was single, also came and made this 136 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. township his future home. The “Old Dominion” now responded to the ca for early settlers, sending in 1809 Peter Eagle, his wife Annie, and nine chi dren, who settled in Section 19, east of Miamisburg. The sons were Henr Jacob, George, Peter and David; the daughters were Polly, Eve, Betsv ai Sarah. Two were born subsequently, viz., John and Annie. Peter, Sr., di: in 1820, his widow marrying again and surviving him many years. Peter, J and David are yet living, the former of whom married Mary Whetsel fifty-ni: years ago, and they are now residing in Section 19, hale, hearty and happv the enjoyment of each other’s society. John and Elizabeth Neibel, the form a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Virginia, came, with three childre to this township in October, 1810. Upon starting from Virginia they had fo children, but when a couple of days on the road, the wagon was upset and oi of the sons was killed. Mrs. Neibel died in May, 1847, and her husband December, 1855. Their son William, who was but five years old when tb came to Ohio, is residing on Section 8, and is one of the representative farm of the township. In 1811, William and Catherine (Sutphin) Conover, n tives of Monmouth County, N. J., with three children — Ida, Abraham ar Ann, located in Section 29, on the east bank of the Miami. They had born them in Ohio, Deborah, William, C. S. and Maria. William Conover and wi resided in this township all their lives, excepting a short period at an early d which they spent in Warren County. They were a successful and very wort! pioneer couple, and their children stand among the most respected people this county, intelligent, progressive and honest. In this year came Drs. Peter and John Treon, from Berks County, Pent and located at “ Hole’s Station,” and who afterward helped to lay out Miami burg in 1818. Dr. Peter died many years ago, but Dr. John is yet living and o of the oldest men in the county, being now close to his niDety-first year. The are few men of Montgomery County living or dead, who had a greater succe in life financially, than Dr. John Treon, and there never has been a physici; in this region of country, who did a more extensive business or traveled ov such a vast extent of country in the practice of his profession. He was bo in Berks County, Penn., March 25, 1791, studied medicine under his fath and in Philadelphia, and as stated came to this township in 1811 penniles He was married November 13, 1818, to Eve Weimer, who died May 20, 187 and was again married to Mrs. Elizabeth Black, who now watches over him his helpless old age Peter Het.zel, wife Catherine, and family settled in Section 10, :n t northeast corner of the township in 1812, and David, his son, is now a re: dent of Miamisburg, and one of its best and most progressive old citizei In the same year came Philip Huiet and family, who built a grist-mill on t; Miami north of “ Hole’s Station,’ ’ and also Henry Yeazell and family, wi settled in the berid of the Miami, in Section 30, across the river from t! present town of Alexanderville. Another settler of this period was Geor Parsons, who with his family located in the Dodds’ neighborhood, but no dou many came whose names cannot now be remembered, and those we have givi have been obtained by the greatest difficulty, yet some may be left out wl helped to civilize and develop this valley, but whose names or time of sett ment is lost to the historian of to-day. ERECTION OF MIAMI TOWNSHIP. On the 9th of December, 1829, it was ordered by the County Comm: sioners that Washington Township be divided, and a new township erected, be known by the name of Miami Township, the division line to commence < said county line, at the section line between Sections 3 and 9, and runnir MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 137 jence north on said section line to the northern boundary line of said town- pip, between Sections 4 and 10, the western boundary of said new township i> be the Miami River. On petition of sundry inhabiants of Dayton Township resented March 7, 1831, the Commissioners of Montgomery County attached ■actional Sections 19, 20, 29 and 30, in Township 1, Range 6, in the south- est corner of Dayton Township, west of the Miami River to Miami Town - lip, and at the same time a portion of German Township was attached to the -;w township of Miami as follows: Beginning at the Miami River on the line itween Montgomery and Butler Counties, at the southeast corner of German pwnship, and running in a westerly direction on said line to the southwest rner of Section 28, Township 2, Range 5; thence north on the section line the northwest corner of Section 4, Township 2, Range 5; thence east on the he between Jefferson and German Townships, to the northeast corner of frac- bnal Section 2, Township 2, Range 5 ; thence with the Miami River, to the place beginning. August 21, 1841, Section 34 and fractional Sections 35 and i, were attached from Jefferson and added to Miami Township. The present undaries of Miami Township are as follows: On the north by Yan Buren, irrison and Jefferson Townships; on the south by Warren County; on the Township Board of Education, consisting of the clerks of the school dis- r ts, in a few years after the passage of the law, commenced to build new K ses in nearly every district. The log-cabin schoolhouse was abandoned, 138 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. new and comfortable quarters, with the modern improved seats and desks, too the place of slab seats and log tires. The cost of the buildings and furniture ranged from 810 to $1,500. The law of 1852 also provided for a higher grade of teachers, and a cor sequent advance of compensation. The County Board of Examiners had th effect to drop all the incompetents. The result was manifest in a few years Better teachers took the place of those who were formerly employed, and ac vance steps among the youth were the results, in a few years. Some opposi tion was manifested at first, on the part of parents, upon the proposed progrc* sive steps, but in a short time it subsided, until now, all join in urging th work. The laws of the State required the election in each township, every yeai of two Overseers of the Poor, also “ Fence Viewers. ” To show the operation of the Poor laws at that date, the following is give) which explains itself: Montgomery County, / Miami Township, \ SR " To William Goudy, Constable of said Township, Greeting: Whereas, We, the undersigned, owners of the poor of Miami Township, have receive information that there has lately come into the township, a certain poor and destitute w man named , who is not a legal resident thereof, and will be like' to become a township charge. You are thereupon commanded forthwith to warn said to d part out out of said township, and of this warrant make service as the law directs. Given under our hands this 22d day of January, A. D. 1836. Overseers of the Poor. On the back appears this indorsement: This writ returned, served reading 23d January. Cost, 18J cents. Constable." The following is a copy of the “ poll book” at an election held for towi ship officers at the spring election in 1833, viz. : Record of poll book of an election held in the township of Miami, Montgomery C< on the 1st day of April, 1833. for township officers. The following persons were elected: John Neibel, Henry Gebhart and James Morto Trustees; Isaac Hoover, Constable; John Conley, Clerk; Peter Richard, Treasurer; J. \ Kothe and Lewis Hasselman, Overseers of the Poor; Gooding Hollaway, George Kiser ai Samuel D. Loree, Fence Viewers; Perry Pease, John Reeser, John Garrett, John Betso Jacob Benner, Thomas Dodds, William L. Smith, John Penrod, Henry Gebhart, laci Root and John Dodds, Supervisors. I do hereby certify that the above persons were duly elected. (Signed.) ' John Conley, Cleric. STREAMS. The Miami River passes through this township from north to south, takii a southwesterly course. It is fed by many small branches, the most imperta of which are Hole’s and Bear Creek, the former running across the northeat ern corner of the township, and emptying into the Miami on Section 15 took its name from the Hole family, who removed from the “ Station in > early day, to land located on its banks. Big Bear Creek enters the townsh on Section 34, takes a southeast course, and empties into the Miami at t! north limits of Miamisburg. MILLS. The first llouring-mill in this township was erected by William Lamme, Hole’s Creek, in a narrow gorge between the hills. This site has long sin been abandoned, and a mill built by his son, David, west of the old locatio and which is now in Washington Township. The next mill was that built i Philip Huiet in 1812, at “ Hole’s Station,” an account of which is given MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 139 t 3 history of Miamisburg. Many mills have been erected in this township eiice that time, an account of which would be of little interest or worth to the neral reader. AGRICULTURE. The products of the soil are wheat, corn, rye, flax seed, broom corn, etc. Orchards were planted of the apple soon after clearings had been c med, mostly seedlings. Peaches yielded well. Wild plums and grapes i re plenty. The cultivation of tobacco was introduced by Ralph Pomey, south of Car- rion, about the year 1841. This article has become one of the chief p ducts, and has extended into neighboring counties. The product amounts Several thousand cases annually in the township. The soil rests on blue limestone on the hills. Drift, or gravel and sand, ; er the valleys, the surface soil being a clay loam, and has been very p iductive. THE GREAT MOUND. This is located on the upland about one mile southeast of Miamisburg. Is one of the largest in the Northern States. The one at Grave Creek, on the J o below Wheeling, being about equal in dimensions. In 1869 a number of resident citizens formed a syndicate to explore it. .duly of that year they commenced operations, and sunk a shaft of live or iilfeet, in diameter from the top to two feet below the base. At eight feet from the top, a human skeleton in a sitting posture, facing l| east, and directly west of the line of excavation, was discovered. A cover )f :lay several feet in thickness, and then a layer of ashes and charcoal, -eaed to have been the burial. A deposit of vegetable matter, bones of ■mil animals, wood and stone, were also found surrounding it. At the depth of twenty-four feet, a triangular stone, planted perpendicu- iaiy, about eight inches in the earth with the point upward, was discovered, oand it at an angle of about forty-five degrees and overlapping each other il the shingles up>on a roof, were placed stones averaging about a foot in 1 aeter, all rough, but of nearly uniform size, and similar to those quarried ahe neighboring: hills. The work of sinking the shaft continued from day to day until a depth of sn-six feet was reached. This was down to two feet below the natural uace as surveyed, over twenty feet having been cut from the cone in former xorations, thus making the height eighty-four feet. It measures about pt hundred feet around the base. The elevation of the land at this point is v 150 feet above the Miami. It had been determined to remove the skeleton before closing up the shaft, u apon close examination it was found in condition to render it impossible, n it was therefore abandoned. The Miamisburg Bulletin published a series of articles at the time, in J ion to the subject, to which the curious reader is referred for a more i thy account of it. MIAMISBURG. This town contains a population of about 2,500, and is beautifully located a he east bank of the Miami River, from which it took its name. It was a m to early settlers, as “ Hole’s Station.’ ’ Rude paths led through the i;9,a forest to this point. The Red Man roamed at will in these days, and 1 animals and game of all sorts was in abundance. On the farm of E. Ttz, west of the Miami River, at the north end of town, an Indian camp a ooated in an early day, ,.nd on a cleared circular piece of ground, oppo- 140 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. site Market street, on the west side of tlie river, the Indians held frequent semblies to perform the war dance. Miamisburg is well laid out, has bro well graded streets, good sidewalks, excellent drainage, and is surrounded a beautiful, well-improved country. Few towns of its size are so fortunate shipping facilities, for besides the canal, which has proven an inestimable bl< ing to business men, it has two railroads, viz., C., C., C. & I., and the G. & D. R. R. , both first-class roads, supplying every comfort and convenienc to their patrons. Miamisburg possesses good residences, business houses manufacturing establishments; it has a good town hall, an excellent pu school, and several handsome churches, all of which are due to the energy enterprise of its citizens It is claimed to be as healthy a town as any in Miami ‘Valley, and its officials look well after its sanitary condition, thus j venting and checking disease. The people of Miamisburg have good reaso be proud of the prosperity of their town, for its growth, although not rapk marked by stability. The largest portion of the town is located upon the of an ancient earthwork. We assume the beginning near the north eni Main street, about sixty to eighty feet west, thence south, parallel with street, to a point about 150 yards soirth of the corporation line, the northeast across the canal about one-fourth mile, thence northwest to premises now owned by C. Weber, thence west to place of beginning. The bankment was of yellow clay, similar to that at other places, about six above the surface, and fifty feet at the base. At this time, scarcely any tr; of this work remains. In February, 1818, the first town lots were platted and sold by Emiu Gebhart, Jacob Kercher and Drs. John and Peter Treon. A number of ] were added subsequently. The first brick house was built in 1826, by Rev. Dechant, on nortL corner of Bridge and Water streets, now owned by M. S. Blossom. In 11 the bridge across the river on Bridge and Water streets, was built by Johns for a joint stock company, who collected tolls for many years. Prior to the construction of this bridge, a ferry boat was in service, ov by John Yeazel; the location was at and opposite Ferry street. During water, the river was forded opposite Lock street. A second river bridge was constructed adjoining the north end of tow: 1859, partly by subscription and partly by the county, no tolls being chap and about this time the lower one was transferred to the county, and also n free of tolls. The town was incorporated February 11, 1832. The first election for t officers was held at the house of Jacob Winger (now the Washington Hoi May 7, of the same year. The following persons were duly elected, Gooding Hollaway, Mayor; Phillip Keller, Recorder; James Fisk, James J ton, C. Beck, John Burk and William Sawyer for Council. There were eig eight votes cast, the Mayor elected receiving all but two. J. A. Hartman a as Clerk. ! On May 21, the Mayor and Council met and proceeded to establish boundary lines of the corporation, which was done by taking territory one- mile east from the river, and one mile north and south. On the same day, Council appointed John D. Mullison Marshal, and John Conley Treasurer. At a meeting on July 2, C. & E. W. Madison presented a petitioi the Council, asking the privilege to burn their chips and shavings in the si opposite their shop. This was granted with the proviso to burn them in morning, and should any fire remain in the evening, it should be carefully tinguished. August 6, Council passed an ordinance to establish sidewalks on H MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 141 reet. Ordinances were also passed during the year in relation to town plats, 'te firing of canon and small arms in the streets, fires, obstructions of streets, dewalks and alleys, show licenses, etc. In 1833, ordinances were passed regulating the markets. Two additional arket ordinances were passed in 1835. The year following ordinances were issed to grade the streets. In 1837, a gambling ordinance was passed. No more appeal’ on record itil 1840, when a lengthy ordinance was passed in relation to burying •ounds. In 1843, ordinances were passed prohibiting the selling of liquors without license, also an additional gambling ordinance. A fire engine, hook and dder having been purchased, companies were formed to take charge of the iparatus, and ordinances were passed in relation thereto. A new market house and town hall was built in 1851. SHIPPING AND TRAVELING FACILITIES. Some years after the settlement of the country, about 1818, flat-boats were n from this place on the Miami River to the Ohio, thence to the Mississippi d New Orleans. The cargoes of these vessels consisted of flour, whisky, con, etc. The owner and crew, prior to the running of the steamboats, made e return trip on foot, occupying many weeks. Common road wagons were also employed in carrying merchandise to and :>m Cincinnati prior to the construction of the Miami & Erie Canal; this is finished in 1829 from Cincinnati to Dayton. Canal packet boats carrying ssengers to the number of fifty or more, and freight boats, relieved the burden teaming on mud roads. The Great Miami Turnpike from Dayton to Cincinnati is located on Main ceet, and was constructed in 1840. The completion of this road added a mber of daily stage and omnibus lines from Dayton to Cincinnati, and irtened the time very much between those points. The time of the canal i : cket boat requiring twenty to twenty-two hours, that of the stages five to six iurs. In 1851, the Cincinnati. Hamilton & Dayton Railroad was completed from lyton to Cincinnati. Upon the opening of this road for travel, it was found 1 it the time was again cut down; competition therefor was useless; all the < lal packet boats, stage and omnibus lines were at once withdrawn. This i e of railroad is on the west side of the river, but a few hundred feet from U lower river bridge, where the depot is located. The Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad which is lo- ved on the east side of the town, was completed in 1872. This line is on the i it side of the Miami, crossing the river twice between this place and Dayton. • is road added still more facilities to the traveling public. Two turnpikes, one to Centerville, the other to Springboro, in Warren Unity, were constructed many years ago, by joint-stock companies, collecting ' 1, but have been made free some years since. The ordinary roads leading ' in the town are generally in good condition. MANUFACTURING. The first flouring-mill at this point was built by Philip Huiet on the i ami, in the north part of the town in 1812. This mill was run by various cners until 1872, when it was removed to its present site, by E. Magenheimer. thin a year, it was bought by Shultz & Manning, and the water-power used t manufacture paper, and now remains unoccupied. Mr. Huiet had a contract 1 500 barrels of flour for the army in the year 1812. A large flouring-mill 142 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. was built near the canal lock, soon after the completion of the canal, by Mad ison Bros., in 1829. This mill has, under various administrations, done wer from the Miamisburg Hydraulic Company, is equipped with the most iproved machinery for making the best book and news paper, and employs venty operatives. David Groby built a sash, blind and door factory on the east side of the nal, north of the Sycamore Creek canal culvert. The power is leased from ;|e Miamisburg Hydraulic Company. This mill has been in successful opera, i m and employs fifteen men. The Hunter Cutlery Works were built a year prior, and were in operation til 1878. They have quit business and sold out their mill to the Ohio Paper bmpany, who have converted it into a pulp mill. In 1873, a mill for the jeparation of flax was removed from the west to the east side of the Miami ver, on the Hydraulic basin, and power leased from the company. This has len in operation since ; it was owned by X. Glossei - , since deceased. In 1876, Theo. Siminton commenced the manufacture of buggies and car- nges on East Market street. He turns out a number of new vehicles every yar, besides repair of vehicles ; he makes good work, and employs five men. In 1855, H. Groby & Co., consisting of H. Groby, E. Shultz and Geoi’ge A. love, commenced a lumber yard, and carried on the business vexy largely i til 1866, when they sold out to Grove & Catrow. The latter firm have continued the business since ‘then, and have, within a J ir or two, added coal to the lumber business. The firm of J. Kauffman & Sons originated in that of D. and B. F. Book- 'i Iter and J. Kauffman, who commenced the manufacture of carriages and ggies on North Main and Water streets in the year 1869. In 1879, D. & B. : Bookwalter sold their interest to J. Kauffman & Sons, who have continued 1 business since. About fifteen men ai'e employed. Reliable work is turned 0;i, and success has attended their efforts to please their customers. MERCHANTS. The house of G. S. Hoff is a continuation of the finn of Hoff & Deckert, ",o, in 1839, commenced the business of selling dry goods and groceries on t corner of Main and Bridge streets. In 1847, this firm was dissolved, each I the partners doing business on opposite corners of the above streets. In i’8, Milliam Hoff having built the block of business rooms on tk8 corner of -j|n and Market streets, removed his store to the corner room, the present h jit ion. In 1858, the present proprietor became a partner, the finn thereupon II ig Hoff & Son. In 1876, William Hoff died, but the business was con- 144 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. tinued without interruption. This house has been highly prosperous, bavin run a career of high commercial integrity for nearly a half century. Samuel Deckert continued to do business for a number of years, acting as Postmaster in connection with his business, and removed to Springfield Ohio, some years ago. James Schock commenced business as a tinner on South Main street ii 1834. The next year he removed to Bridge street, where he continued unti 1855, when he removed to the present location, corner Bridge and Watei streets. Mr. Schock worked up from small beginnings. M. S. Blossom came to Miamisburg in 1827. He commenced busiaesi on North Main street in saddlery and harness making line, and continue! without interruption until 1873, when he visited California and was absen until 1875. This gentleman may be classed among the pioneers, as the town ant the country had made but little progress in improvements on his arrival. He ha been successful in business and is one of the few remaining of the past gener ation. In 1845, G. W. Weaver commenced business on North Main street, am removed to Main and Market streets in 1854. The removal to the presen location (southeast corner of Main and Market streets) took place in 1861 His business consists as dealer in fancy and staple groceries, queenswan hardware, sewing machines, buggies, wagons, farming implements, robes and li\ ery supplies. Two large rooms and outbuildings are stacked with every articl in his line of business. A rare degree of prosperity has attended this house David Wolf commenced business as a dealer in boots and shoes in 1852 is located on South Main street, and does a large business. Prior to that time he had been associated with H. Heckerman in the same business from 1844 t the above date. POSTMASTERS. The following is a complete list of the Postmasters of the town and is be lieved to be correct as to time >>f service of each incumbent. Adam Shuey, twelve years ; Phillip Kellar, eight years ; William Brooki four years; George Perry, four years; Mrs. P. Keller, two years; D. Winebrenne two years; John Kiser, four years; S. Deckert, five years; J. Vogle, three yean Henry Boltin, twelve years. PUBLIC HOUSES. The first public house or “ tavern” was located on South Main and Lop streets— the old Daniel Gebhart House — as early as 1811. This location w; near the landing of flat-boats. Charles Connelley succeeded Gebhart; was there a number of years and the removed to the corner of Main and Ferry streets, and kept public house thei until 1831, when he removed to the house now known as the Miami House; i 1833, he again removed to his old stand on the corner of Main and Fen streets, and there died. The Daniel Gebhart House has been used as a boar! ing house since then, but of late years very little business has been done ther Jacob Winger was the proprietor of the Washington House for many yea after 1830; then sold toS. Zehring, and then to F. Gwinne, the present own( In 1833, John Zimmer purchased the Miami House of Charles Counelk and it was occupied by him as a public house until 1840, when he sold out Jacob Zimmer. It was rented to Goode & Campbell for three years. In 181 Jacob Zimmer took possession, and remained until 1853, when it was aga leased to H. McCanby. A few years after this, it was sold to H. D. Bladl who continued until he died in 1868, and was then continued by the wide and enlarged in 1872 and 1873, and then rented to Charles Baum, who remain MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 145 f ew years, and was then leased to N. Bickford, then to Mr. Pushaw and re- cat lv to I. H. Hager. The Valley House was built byN. Clark in 1856; was sold to F. Jacobus in 50, and in 1868 he retired from business and then leased it to D. Young, no remained a few years, and it is now leased to F. Schwartztrauber. The Baum House was built by Charles Baum in 1877 and 1878, and on its 1 npletion was occupied by him, and is doing a good business. BANKS. In October, 1839, “The Washington Social Library” was organized as a f iking concern. President, JohnTreon; Vice President, Ed. L. Jones; Directors, •lin Treon, Ed. L. Jones, William Hoff, William L. Smith and C. P. Huber, of Jamisburg, Christian Taylor, of Germantown and John Mooney, of Franklin. I ceased to do business in January, 1841. In 1866, Henry Groby, E. Shultz a!l George V Grove organized a private banking house on Main street, under L name of H. Groby & Co., which continued without change until 1880, en Mr. Grove retired and N. G. Catrow assumed a place in the firm. THE REFORMED CHURCH. The early settlers, except a few from Virginia and North Carolina, were ncipally from eastern Pennsylvania, and in a religious point of view, m stly ■ the Reformed and the Lutheran Churches. Educational and religious a milages and privileges were then few, but these gradually improved as the imitation increased. The history of the Reformed Church in this community dates back to ■I lost the beginning of the present century, and the earliest congregations w;e generally organized in connection with the Lutherans. Among the ear- -st Reformed congregations organized in this region were the St. John’s in D5, the Stettlers’ in 1806, and that at Germantown in 1809, by the Rev. i in Jacob La Rose. The Reformed Church at Miamisburg was organized of ambers belonging to the St. John’s and Settlers’ congregations, in the spring >1820, and had no regular pastor for the first four years, but was served as a kjd of missionary point. When organized it numbered only about ten or Live members, all of whom are now dead. Zion Church, in Section 10, was ojanized in 1820 and has remained a “Union Church ” from its organization II to the present, both Reformed and Lutherans worshiping there. The Reformed Church at Miamisburg was incorporated conjoiutly with Lutheran in 1822, and the first trustees elected in that year were Jacob him, Emanuel Gebhart and Frederick Gruendner. In 1823, some efforts were made to build a house of worship, but without s 'cess. In 1818, the year of the first town plat of lots, a frame schoolhouse was “ 11 and was used both for school purposes, and also as the first place of worship 'jown. The Reformed congregation worshiped in this house from 1820 to 1 13. In 1830, a brick church edifice, thirty-eight by forty-six feet, with gal- P and belfry, was erected, but for want of means it was not fully com- pled until in the spring of 1833, and was then dedicated with appropriate N gious services, May 12. The total cost of this structure was $3,200. The '■ gregation worshiped in this church until November, 1862. During this time, the congregation was served by different pastors and ale more or less progress, being joint owners with the Lutherans of the pjperty, and occupied the church on alternate Sundays. 146 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. The following is a list of the pastors who served the Reformed Churok ; Miamisburg, together with the period of their service: Supplied occasionally from 1820 to 1824; Rev. David Winters, from 182 to 1883 ; Rev. -Jacob Descombes, from 1835 to 1837 ; Rev. Elijah Kuhn from 1836 to 1838 ; Rev. George Long, from 1840 to 1851 ; Rev. William I Zieber, from 1852 to 1854; Rev. Isaac H. Reiter, from 1854 to 1874 ; Re William McCaughey, from 1875 to 1882. A. constitution of the Union Church, consisting of the Evangelical Li theran and German Reformed Churches,* was adopted August 7, 1830. T! corner-stone was laid on the safne day. The purport of the articles of tl constitution was for the joint occupancy by these congregations of the hou about to be erected. The first formal action in regard to the new house of worship of this co gregation was had May 14, 1860, a subscription was commenced and aboi $5,000 subscribed in a short time. The congregation dissolved the joint occupancy with the Evangelic Lutheran congregation, July 28, 1860, by an act of incorporation, according to tl laws of the State. They sold their interest to the Evangelical Lutheran coi gregation January 12. 1861, for about $600. Rev. I. H. Reiter preached t) last sermon in the old house to the congregation November 18: 1862. A lot for the place of the erection of the church edifice was purehasi from Dr. John Treon, for $300, and deeded to the Trustees March 16, 186 A constitution was adopted by the congregation April 24, 1861. Tl plan for the building was agreed upon by the Trustees August 21, 1861. The foundation was completed November 7, 1861, by Benjamin Fornshe A contract for the superstructure complete was made with Beaver & Bu of Dayton, Ohio, January 22, 1862. The corner-stone was laid Jane 2 1862, and the building completed January 1, 1863, at a cost of about $11, 00(J The church was formally dedicated with appropriate divine service February 22, 1863. The first sermon preached in the new building, by Rev. I. H. Reiter, w January 11, 1863, in the basement. A Sunday school was organized Sunday. February 1, 1863. In 1876 l chinch was frescoed and painted. The congregation numbers 300 to 400. THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. The first congregation of the above church, at Miamisburg, was organiz A. D. 1821, by Rev. John C. Dill, who came to Ohio at an early day, and f sisted in the organization of the first Lutheran Synod in this State in 1818. 1 had charge of the Miamisburg congregation from its organization until 1 death, August 24, 1824. From this date until January 1, 1826, the congreg tion was without a regular pastor, when Rev. C. H. D. Heincke accepted a c; from it. The place of worship was a frame building, located west of the old grav yard, adjoining the M. & E. Canal. It was built where the canal is locate and was used jointly with the German Reformed Congregation, and was al used as a schoolhouse. When the canal was excavated, this housewasjno ' east a short distance. It is still in existence, and is located on South -'-jOCUi street, near the large tobacco warehouse, now owned by S. Luventhal & Co. Rev. C. IT. D. Heincke was born in the Kingdom of Hanover Decembj 15, 1793, and emigrated to America in 1817, arriving in the city of Baltina) after a voyage of two months, and soon after came to Ohio. He had receiv* * By a formal action of the Synod of the Reformed Church of the United Stites of America, a few yea* 0 was agreed that the word ‘ Germ in ” be dropped, the title therefore being, the “ Reformed Church in t 1 Sta t es ' o.'-’S:*;. | MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 147 liberal education in Germany, and devoted some time in the study of theolo- under the direction of Pastors Dechant, Dill and others. In the fall of 1820, Mr. Heincke, having sustained a creditable examina- im before the Lutheran Synod of Ohio, he received authority to preach the ospel, being received into the ministry without a dissenting voice. He served lie congregation from 1826 to July 10, 1859. a period of thirty-three years. The present pastor of the congregation, Rev. C. Albrecht, a graduate of lb Lutheran Theological Seminary, of Columbus, Ohio, took charge April 1, '80. Thus it will be seen that this congregation had but three pastors in a ,'riod of fifty-four years. In 1880, this congregation, jointly with the German Reformed Congrega- n, laid the corner-stone of a brick edifice, thirty-eight by forty-six feet, with dlery and belfry. This was completed and dedicated in 1833, and occupied P site of the present church. The joint occupancy of this building was dissolved July 28, I860. The corner stone of the present building was laid August 30, 1861, but was i completed until August, 1864. Its dimensions are fifty by eighty-eight A. The Sunday school rooms, in the basement, are conveniently arranged. '\ e audience room is finished in good style, tastefully frescoed, and supplied vh a fine organ. Total cost, about $20,000. The congregation numbers over f ir hundred. Saint John’s, after the erection of the new building in 1862, ceased to be a Union Church,” the Lutherans remaining and the Reformed members go- ir to other points for worship. The Rev. W. A. Bowman has charge of the Ifcheran Congregation at this and Zion Church, each having about 125 mern- b|s. The Stettler Church also ceased to have a Reformed congregation since o o 15, and has a society of about fifty Lutherans, under the charge of the Rev. 1L. Ridenour. GRACE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. The society known as the Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church of Car- f 1 ton bought and remodeled a schoolhouse into a place of worship in 1876, til same being dedicated by the Rev. W. A. Bowman, July 23 of that yer, who also organized this congregation, Charles Miller, Jacob Geiger ait John Peiffer, being the first Trustees. The pastor has received about ynty-five members since he organized the church, and the property is valued a about $2, 000. As previously stated, Mr. Bowman also has charge of Zion ai. St. John’s congregations, but resides at Carrollton, where he has about tiv members. UNITED BRETHREN. This congregation is small. Their house of worship is located on the tier of Main and Lock streets, Miamisburg, opposite the Catholic Church. T s organization dates back a number of years, but has no resident pastor, be- i attended from Dayton. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. A congregation of this church was organized at Miamisburg in 1834. The ij ministers who visited the town were the Revs. J. P. Durbin and A. Brown. Tii former was quite a young man, and had just entered the Methodist Semi- 17 ; he became an eminent minister, and was the first “ Missionary Secretary” 'Ihe Methodist Episcopal Church. For many years this church made but little progress. The increase has 1,1 1 gradual. The membership now numbers 230. The first stationed minister was the Rev. J. J. Hill. The list since then. 148 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. as near as can be ascertained, is as follows: Revs. Finley, Walker, Mala} Baker, Latta, Owen, Ser’geant. Merrick, Callett, Dillon, Neff, Hartley, Thornj son. Quarry, Kenedy, Tibbats, Beall, Schultz, Dustin, Davis, Mason and Glen ans. The Society have a good church and parsonage, valued at $8,000. The Sabbath school numbers fully as many members as the church. The organization have received several bequests from deceased members amounting to $3,600. D. H. Hoover, $2,600; and Mrs. J. S. Huber, $1,000 The former also bequeathed $2,600 to the Methodist Episcopal Missionar Society. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Carrollton, was organized about 1845: at Alexandersville, and a lot was bought whereon to build a church, but the i< cation was subsequently changed to Carrollton, where, in the fall of 1847, ian was purchased from Horace and Perry Pease, upon which a building was ereci ed the following year. The first Trustees were James McGrow, John F. Prugl Isaiah Allen, Albert Marlatt and James Bowles. They have now a flourishin society, with the Rev. Mr. Dille in charge. The Presbyterian Church of Carrollton erected a building in 1846, whic was dedicated by the Rev. William C. Anderson, of Dayton, and the churc organized April 26, 1847. The building cost about $1,500, and the fir Trustees were Thomas Dodds, Julias S. Taylor, Jonathan K. Brice, Joseph! Dryden and Wilson Lamme. The pastors who have had charge of this churc are as follows: J. B. Morton, J. C. Mahon, John Bellville, Gilbert Haire, Sau uel Ramsey, F. M. Wood, G. W. Hays, Samuel Findley, Rev. Mr. Atkins ar G. E. Gowdy, the latter of whom is now in charge, with a membership of aboi forty, including many of the best citizens in this vicinity. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. For more than thirty-live years after the first settlement at “ Hole’s Station there were no members of this church who located permanently in this vici; ity, but in 1834 Michael Meyers and family settled at Miamisburg, and m: be called the pioneer Catholics of the present congregation. In 1840, M Swisler and family came, and four years later Nicholas Meyer, a brother the former one mentioned, and who is yet a resident of Miamisburg. 1 1845, George Shoup and family located here, and in June, 1847, Geor; Becker, with his family, concluded to make Miamisburg their home, and w followed in the fall of the same year by Peter Hart and family, and Jol Kuhn and family. In 1848 came Richard Wilhelm and Andrew Engebrau with their families ; also a few others whose names cannot now be remembers but as far as we can learn, all were Germans, whose faith was taught them the dear old Fatherland, and although a few may have grown lukewarm in tl faith and recreant to the church of their fathers, the vast majority have r mained firm and true to the teachings of Catholicism, and their love for t mother church has grown with the passing years. The first Catholics who .si tied in Miamisburg had to go to Dayton to attend divine worship, and it w not until 1851 that they had service in their own town, but in that year t Rev. Henry Damian Juncker, of Dayton, celebrated mass at the houses Peter Hart and Mr. Swisler. Father Juncker became Bishop of Alton, 111 , 1857, and died in 1868. From this time the Catholics of Miamisburg h| services at irregular intervals at the houses of members, Fathers Schiif aj Menge being among those priests who visited this point. In the fall of 185 Michael P. Cassilly, a zealous Irish Catholic, of Cincinnati, donated to tj Bishop a two-storied brick house and large lot, between Main and Old stree for the use of the Catholics of Miamisburg and vicinity. This building vs MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 149 ted up for a church and pastor’s residence, by Michael Meyers, at his own j;pense, the chapel being in the second story, and was dedicated to the wor- lip of God, and the first mass celebrated in it by Father Juncker, in the fall 1852, receiving the name of “ St. Michael’s Church.” Different priests came from time to time to minister to the spiritual ants of the Catholics of Miamisburg, Father Mauclire, a native of France, king charge in 1861 and remaining until 1873, in which year the fii'st resi- st pastor was stationed here in the person of the Rev. Anton Leitnir, a na- ve of Tyrol, Austria, who performed the first baptism for this congregation, jmuary 18, 1873. He remained until June, 1877, when he was succeeded by e Kev. JohnF. Kalenberg, who was born in Westphalia, Prussia, August 26, 139, receiving his primary education in the schools and from the clergy of s native place. In the spring of 1854, he entered the Gymnasium of Pader- |>rn, where he remained five years, graduating in the fall of 1859 with first mors. He immediately entered the Theological and Philosophical Academy Paderborn, where he remained until the spring of 1862, when he came to nerica and finished his studies at Mt. St. Mary’s of the West. He was or- lined by the Right Rev. John B. Purcell, in the spring of 1863, and after a ort stay at Reading, Ohio, took charge of missions in Gallia, Meigs and Athens mnties, residing at Pomeroy, where he established the Sisters’ School of the icred Heart. When Father Kalenberg entered upon his duties at Pomeroy,, p found about thirty pupils in the school, but left it with over 200, and in a osperous condition. He also finished and had the pleasure of having dedi- ted to God’s service, St. J ohn’s Church, of Athens County ; also beautified id enlarged the churches at Pomeroy and Gallipolis, Ohio, in all of which aces he had flourishing schools. In the spring of 1870, he took charge of e congregations at Greenville, Darke County, and New Paris, Preble County, iio, completing and paying for the church already commenced in the latter ace ; tearing down the old church at Greenville, he erected a handsome edi- e and furnished it with a splendid pipe organ, and there remained until pointed to the charges of Miamisburg and Franklin. At the latter city, the urch was deeply in debt and the building in a dilapidated condition, but in ss than four years, under the energy and wise financial administration of Tther Kalenberg, the debt was paid off, the building remodeled, and to-day e congregation is in a flourishing condition. Comparatively little had been >ne by former pastors toward the material interests of the Miamisburg con- egation, owing, perhaps to the scarcity of funds, although all were zealous en in the cause of Christ and His church. Dissatisfied with the poor church commodation at this point. Father Kalenberg, in 1880, concluded to erect I edifice to the honor and glory of God in which his people could assist divine service in a more fitting manner. He immediately began the work; e corner-stone was laid June 6, 1880, by the Rigid Rev. Bishop Elder, of ncinnati, who also dedicated the building to the service of the Most High, dy 10, 1881, giving it the name, “ Immaculate Conception. ” The structure is of Roman architecture, thirty-six by seventy-five feet in ie, built of brick with stone trimmings and has stained glass windows. The terior is handsomely decorated, the frescoeing having b en done by William dian, of Cincinnati, and the paintings by John Schmitt, of Coving-ton, Ky. I’ the summit of the nave over the altar is a beautiful representation of the uuaculate Conception; on either side of the nave St. Joseph and St. Anthony, d at the altar end of the church facing the people are two scenes representing r Savior as the good Shepherd and Christ giving the keys of his church to j; Peter. The building has cost up to the present $4, 500, and Father Kalenberg tends furnishing the church with a furnace and other necessaries which will 150 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. run the cost to about $5,000. All of this he has done by his own untirini energy, being the architect, overseer, and financier of the whole undertakin from the beginning. His congregation, although at first fearful of the risl have stood nobly by him and are now proud of the beautiful Temple of God which stands as a monument testifying to the zeal of their worthy Pastor i spreading the Gospel and building up Christ’s Kingdom on earth. Theckurc will seat about 400, is well furnished with nice pews, choir gallery, andorgai and in fact is one of the most beautiful little church edifices in the dioces; The congregation numbers about seventy-five families, most of whom are liber; supporters of their church and pastor, as well as worthy communicants. Tk property is worth about $10,000 and comp'aratively free from debt, which fad speak louder than would mere praise of the pastor and his congregation. I reviewing the history of Catholicism in Miamisburg, we are forcibly struck b its steady growth ; and the progress it has made since the first mass was cel ebrated at this point, in 1851, may be truly likened to the Gospel parable of tb mustard seed. EDUCATION. The first schoolhouse erected within the corporate limits was locate directly west of the graveyard next to Grove & Catrow’s lumber yard, o ground now occupied by the Miami & Erie Canal. This was built in the ye; 1818, and was used jointly as a schoolhouse and place of worship by the Ge: man Reformed congregation. o o When the canal was dug the State removed the building eastward out c the way, and it was afterward removed south on Locust street, west side, wher it yet remains. It is a frame building. The second schoolhouse was built of brick, on Canal street near Bridg; and is yet standing, but used as a dwelling. The third schoolhouse was built in 1834 on North Canal street, west sidt It has been taken down to give place for a dwelling house. It was also c brick, and was used a number of years as a cooper shop by Samuel Dubbs. In 1848, a meeting of citizens was held in the house on Canal street ne< Bridge, for the purpose of voting yea or nay on a proposition to tax the tow $2, 500 for the erection of a new schoolhouse east of the canal, on Mark street. This was carried, nearly unanimously. The town was then organize into one school district, and the following year a substantial two-storv brie house was built on a large lot. In 1867, the district was re-organized by tl election of a new school board, who, step by step, made advancements in tb management and efficiency of the school. A high school department has bee added. In 1848, additional buildings were erected, and since then, a two-stoj frame building, detached from the main group, was built. The educational facilities of this town are, no doubt, as good as those < other towns anywhere in the State. THE PRESS. The early history of the press in Maimisburg is as brief as the story of t! “ Three Wise Men.” The first newspaper published in the town was the Gridiron , edited an printed by John Anderson, of Dayton. It was a small folio with an engravin in the title representing a human skeleton on a gridiron. Few copies of tl sheet are yet in existence and none are now accessible to obtain dates. Anderson was a stirring writer, and attracted considerable attention in tl community by the personal nature of his articles. There was nothing howeve MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 151 warrant or sustain his enterprise, and it was suspended. Subsequently an iisuccessful attempt was made to revive the Gridiron, and the following an- uncement was issued : PROSPECTUS, BY JOHN ANDERSON, OF DAYTON, OHIO, FOR THE “GRIDIRON RE VI VI DUS.” — “ Burn, roast meat burn, Boil o’er ye pots, ye spits forget to turn." “ By the united and hrm patronage promised to me, by friend and enemy — leel half inclined to think I can justify myself, and ROAST to some profit my former, of some sixteen years past, to the contrary notwithstanding, is my idea, that there is ‘something stale in Denmark’ — and would needs ROILING. “My time spent in the kitchen, for years back, will enable me to serve up me SAVORY DISHES. I have now numbered my twenty-fifth year as ■and Master of the Quizzical Society of Ohio — also my tenth year as High Rest of the Anarogeon Phalanx. The aid of both societies at any time are ; my service. The fact is, the whole field is my own, and ‘ needs must when 1e Devil drives,’ so ’twould be well to keep up good fences. “We are a sturdy Democrat, but in this case all will be fish that comes to ARKET. “ Our paper will be furnished to resident subscribers, on Saturday evening, *sh week, and mailed in usual form to non-residents. “We will print in a fine medium sheet — Price, Two Dollars per annum — - e Dollar in advance, the balance at the end of six months. We will furnish ndry legislative proceedings — also some pood Congressional smart things.” THE MIAMISBURG UNION. The establishment of this paper was the second journalistic venture and is published in 1856 by Isaac Pepper. The office was located on second floor of nat is now known as Weaver’s Building, in public square. The Union was nix oolumn folio, neatly printed, and politically, intensely Democratic. Mr. upper was assisted by three sons, who were practical printers : the office was pplied with a large assortment of type and material, and the paper was iierally patronized by merchants of Miamisburg and Dayton. The paper adually weakened financially, however, and finally the establishment was wed away. THE MIAMISBURG BULLETIN. This paper was established in 1867, by Blossom Bros. The members of ’0 firm are A. H. Blossom, C. E. Blossom and Miles Blossom, sons of M. S. -ossom, Esq., one of the few pioneer citizens of the town yet living at this 'iting. The Blossom Brothers were bom and reared in Miamisburg, and der their supervision the Bulletin, now in its fifteenth volume, under one unagement, has grown from a half-sheet of twenty-four by thirty-six to its esent proportions. The Bulletin is an independent, local newspaper, and recognized author - ' on tobacco, being the oldest tobacco journal of the State, published in the nterof the extensive seed-leaf -producing district of the Miami Valley. The 1 uipment of the mechanical department of the Bulletin is first-class, afford - g a wide range of execution in artistic letter-press and general job printing, eluding stereotyping. The establishment is lighted with gas and the ma- 1 mery is driven by a powerful gas engine, burning crude petroleum. 152 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. THE MIAMISBUKG NEWS. The News is one of the institutions of Miamisburg and vicinity, whic has achieved gratifying success since its inception and inauguration. Th News is published by the Miamisburg Publishing Company organized am incorporated in March, 1880. Charles E. Kinder, formerly connected wit the Putnam County Sentinel , has been editor and manager since its publica tion. Mr. Kinder is the son of the late John E. Kinder, and is a desceudan of one of the oldest pioneer families of the valley. The paper is an eight-col umn folio, with a fair advertising patronage, and a constantly increasing sut scription list. The News has a reputation as a good and faithful local news- paper, and is closely identified with all the best interests of Miamisburg an the Miami Yalley. The tobacco-growing interests are always represented i its columns by quotations and reports. The News is Democratic in politici and while being devoted to the advancement of the Democratic party an principles, it is ever willing to accord to others the same freedom of opinio it asks for itself. This paper is now entering upon the third year of its exisl ence, and has, by the industry of its editor, attained a fair standing among tb county papers of the Miami Yalley. ALEXANDEKVILLE. This town was platted in April, 1815, by John Taylor ; population, 12( One dry goods and grocery store, one box factory, one public house and bo< and shoe shop comprise the industries of the town. The inhabitants ar mostly engaged in the cultivation of tobacco. An extensive earthwork, similar to those that are found in this part of th State, adjoins the town. The group comprises three separate and distim works, and although they are characterized by a state of singular incomplete ness, it does not appear probable that a union of the three was contemplate The assumption would be more clearly comprehended by an accurate deliuei tion of the works, but, in the absence of this, the following description wi convey a tolerably clear conception as to their form and magnitude : j I. The circle commences on the bank of the Miami River, at a pointnear ti northern limits of the village, the wall bears off obliquely, in a northeast directioi curving gracefully to the right, meeting all the points of the compass in i circuit to its abrupt termination (which is several hundred yards from tl river), where it bears northwest. The entire length of this wall is 3,987 fee diameter of the circle is 1,950 feet. There are live gateways, and probab! a sixth occurred where the pike cuts it. These openings are at irregular di tances. II. The square is situated south of the great circle, separated by a spa< of about 200 yards. Its sides, which are equal, measure 1,150 feet, ii closing an area of thirty-one acres. Midway in each wall there is a gap, an' where completed, in each corner. The walls are not in line with the cardin points, and a large vacant space on the southwest corner indicates the abru] arrest of the converging walls. III. The nondescript commences at a point about 200 yards north-west of tl square. It starts out in a nearly due-east direction, tending toward the south, | gradually curves to the right, to the point of intersection with the pike, whore bears off north-northeast, forming thus a large arc of a circle, with a diameh of 875 feet, thence bearing east northeast by an abrupt curve to the right, i course is parallel with the turnpike a distance of 120 yards to the southei limits of the village, thence north -northeast by another direct line of 100 yarc to the canal, thence north-west by an abrupt curve to the left, it crosses tl MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 153 i nal at right angles, but suddenly curves to the right, with a tendency toward ne northeast where it abruptly terminates between the canal and river. The entire length of this wall is about 700 yards. Two hillocks appear to idicate the contemplated direction of this member of the group. The serpent, iis probable, was here intended to be represented. It is deeply to be regretted that so little interest has hitherto been mani bted in the preservation of the grand old monuments of a forgotten race. As 4se walls, with the exception of an inconsiderable deposit of soil, are con- ucted of pure clay, the temptation to utilize it in the manufacture of brick v.s irresistible; hence the interesting vestiges have been defaced, and in some stances wholly obliterated, and, apparently, with as little compunction as >ugh they had been ordinary diluvial deposits. Part of these earthworks are located upon the farm of the Binkley heirs. ( e of the family (S. H. Binkley) has devoted much time to the collection of sicimens of prehistoric races. A rare collection may be seen on the premises. 1 1 has also a large collection of geological specimens. A number of small mounds have been explored by this gentleman, assisted I 0. E. Blossom, with interesting results. In one explored by himself, on the f m of Jonas George, one and a half miles west of Alexanderville, valuable spec- ens of crania, implements of bone and horn chei’t, arrow heads and a perfor a d implement of limestone, were discovered. Mr. Binkley has contributed liberally of his collections to the Smithsonian Iititution at Washington, D. C. Soon after the completion of the Miami & Erie Canal from Cincinnati to- fyton, this town became an important shipping point. Large quantities of pduce were received and forwarded annually to Cincinnati. An area extend- u eastward as far as the Little Miami River, and even beyond, were drawn to tl point of shipment. The Little Miami Railroad on its completion cut off t.p trade. A large business in dry goods and clothing was done here forty or fifty v rs ago. This trade, however, has been diverted into other channels. CARROLLTON. This town was laid out April 27, 1830, by Moses Smith, Alexander times and H. G. Phillips. Additions have been made since then. The Aami & Erie Canal affords extensive water power at this place, there being ') locks. A large flouring-mill and distillery was established here about 1)5, by H. & P. Pease, and continued until 1864, when the establishment was light out by the Messrs. Turner, who continued the business until 1872, when ly sold out to G. H. Friend, who converted the property into paper mills, njaufacturing a heavy paper of straw and other material for roffing, siding, etc. Large numbers of hogs were fattened annually in connection with the dis- tation of whisky. The paper mills of Mr. Friend were enlarged a year ago, and give employ - II it to seventy-five persons. The people in the town are mostly engaged in the cultivation of tobacco. P.mlation, 250. This village and Alexanderville form one school district, and in 1876 » t a fine house half way between the towns. The educational facilities being afthat could be desired. BRIDGEPORT. j' This town was laid out April 19, 1831 by Yincens Antonides. Population, '4 • It lies west of the Miami, opposite Miamisburg. Owing to the location l)( ig liable to overflow by the river, about half of the lots have been vacated. 154 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. CEMETERIES. In the first settlement of the Miami Valley, the pioneers buried their dea in any convenient spot which they fancied, as a last resting-place for the: loved ones, but such graves, in most cases, were afterward either removed t some regular graveyard or lost in oblivion; yet, here and there a grave ma be seen in a corner, or out-of-the-way place, containing the bones of roid sturdy pioneer, who braved the dangers of frontier life to make a home for bin self and family ; or, perhaps it is that of the loved wife and prattling babs who cheered him with loving words or smiles. The oldest regular cemeteries in Miami Township are the one at Gebha Church, in Section 19, east of Miamisburg, and that at the Stettler Chore) in Section 1 5, southwest of the town, both of which were begun as early i 1805, and are yet in a fair state of preservation. About 1815, a cemetery w; opened on land donated for that purpose by Jacob Kerch er, and which w: afterward incorporated within the city limits. The exact date of the fir burial in this graveyard it is impossible now to learn, but one old head-stoi bears the date of 1820, and pioneers yet living tell us that it was at least fr years previous to this when the first grave was opened at this point. One < the early churches was built here and afterward removed, upon the opei ing of the canal. A stone wall surrounds this cemetery, but the ground bea a general appearance of neglect and abandonment, and although strenuoi efforts have been made to remove it, they have not, as yet, been successful ai bodies are sometimes interred there. In 1820, upon the organization of Zi< Church, a cemetery was also laid off, the land being donated by Peter Betz and Henry Diehl, and is located in Section 10, in the northeast corner of tl township. The cemetery at Carrollton was the next in order of time, and was begi many years before its organization under the State laws, which occurn May 25, 1859. It was called the ‘‘ Carrollton Cemetery Association,” ai the incorporators were Julius S. Taylor, Moses Smith, Alfred Peat James Dodds, James M. Dewey, Perry Pease, Squier Yeazel, Nic olas Prets, Samuel H. Binkley, George Pease and W. W. Clark. T ground was platted by John Beaver, and the first Trustees were Mot Smith, George Pease, James Dodds, Nicholas Prets, E. D. Andrews, Jo) Yeazel and Samuel H. Binkley. The President was George Pease ; Clei Julius S. Taylor, and Treasurer, Moses Smith, the latter being subsequenl appointed Superintendent of the grounds, which are now nicely fenced a decorated, with ornamental trees and shrubs. The Council of Miamisburg passed an ordinance, February 3, 1840, tl the ground pm-chased by the corporation, in the eastern part of the town, laid out into three divisions, which were to be platted in blocks and lots i burial purposes, one division being designated as the Potter’s Field. A sext was to be appointed yearly, who was to look after the ground, attend to burials, and keep a record of the same. This cemetery contains about ft acres, and is yet used by lot owners. In 1856, the “Miamisburg Cedar Grove Cemetery” was organized un< the laws of Ohio, and seven acres of land purchased from Mrs. Conley |j being a part of the Jacob Kercher estate. It was fenced, platted and plant with trees, and, when purchased, was believed to be well adapted for agrai yard, but a few years subsequently it was discovered that the ground, jj places, was wet and therefore unfit for burial purposes. Lot owners been; dissatisfied, and, upon the organization of the new cemetery, the ground v sold and most of the bodies removed, there being but a few now remaini On the 7th of October, 1863, a meeting was held by citizens of Mian MIAMI TOWNSHIP. 155 Irg and vicinity for the purpose of taking subscriptions toward the pur- dase of ground for a cemetery, which they deemed a necessity, a number of uom subscribed liberally. Pursuant to a previous understanding, the fol- ding members of the proposed Cemetery Association met at the Town Hall, ivember 20, 1863: Dr. John Treon, Jacob Zimmer, William Goudy, David htzel, Louis Keifer, G. W. Weaver, Henry Brehrn, John Leiss, Lewis Mease 1 H. Gilbert ; and the meeting organized by appointing William Goudy, (. airman, and Lewis Mease, Secretary. The subscriptions entered into at the f mer meeting were accepted, and the committee reported that they had con- t cted with C. Shuester and Valentine Benner for cemetery ground, which ] rchase, on motion of Jacob Zimmer, was accepted. At this meeting, notice v s given for the election of Trustees and Clerk of said association at an early cy as practicable, and December 19, 1863, the following gentlemen were cted Trustees : Michael Cassady, Lewis Mease, Jacob Zimmer, Dr. John Jeon and D. B. Neibel ; and for Clerk, William Goudy. The cemetery was oned the “ Miamisburg Cemetery Association,” and was so placed on record b the Recorder of Montgomery County. At a meeting held January 9, 1864, icles of association and by-laws for the government of the same were pro- s' ted and adopted. January 20, the Board of Trustees met and appointed •bob Zimmer President of the Board, and David Hetzel, Treasurer; and Feb- rtry 6, the board employed L. G. Perry to survey and plat the cemetery, lie first sale of lots was made March 16, 1864, Col. George Reiser being the a tioneer. The ground was nicely fenced, bridges built, roads graded and g veled, trees planted, and the cemetery generally beautified. In 1873, a re- ding vault was built, and two additions have been made to the original pur- cljse, which had a residence that has been utilized for a Sexton’s house. The |i sent officers are Jacob Zimmer, John Buehner, David Hetzel, Henry Goby and Daniel Bookwalter, Trustees; Jacob Zimmer, President; S. H. Hger, Treasurer, and B. F. Hecker, Clerk. In the fall of 1877, the Catholic Church of Miamisburg, through Father 'venberg, purchased two acres of land a quarter of a mile northeast of town, •v ch they had fenced and platted. It was consecrated by the Rev. Charles Uge, a Passionist Father, and has since been used by the Catholics of this Jnity as their burial ground. Its entire cost was about $500. It is well 1 ated with shade and ornamental trees, and has many neat monuments '•'king the graves of those who are asleep in the Lord. 156 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. HARRISON TOWNSHIP. T HE geographical position of Harrison Township is nearly central. To the noi of it are the townships of Butler, Randolph and Wayne ; to its east Mad B,i\ and Van Buren ; to the south Miami, and to the west Jefferson and Madison. It a established May 17, 1811, at a special session of the Commissioners, and the fii election ordered to be held at the blacksmith shop of Samuel Puterbaugh, on t road leading from Dayton to Union, June 28, 1841. The township is very irr< ular, varying in width from one mile at the extreme south to over five miles the north, this being caused by its eastern boundarj' following the windings the great Miami River. Its greatest length is nine miles, and within its area : twenty-four full and eleven fractional sections of land, which were formerly a p of Day ton Township. It is well watered by the rivers Stillwater and Gr M iarni, and Wolf Creek, the former and latter streams flowing in a southeastei direction across its domain and emptying into the Great Miami at Dayton. T1 like all other subdivisions of the county, has its share of good and well-construc pikes leading to the many towns and villages in the various parts of the county i connecting with the through roads to all parts of the country at large. The surf of the country is in main level; however, in some portions it is a little hilly or brol< ridges or bluffs abounding along the streams, the greater bluffs occurring wes’ the Stillwater being in Sections 5 and 8. The soil is a sandy clay, and i:: river bottoms is found the usual black loam. The staple productions are ci and wheat. The timber does not differ materially from that in general of county ; oak, hickory, ash, sugar, walnut, and some beech are found. Su j was the prevailing timber at an early day; then, too, there was eonsidera of hackberry, which grew very large, but in later years died out rapidly. M; most excellent springs abound in this region; so numerous are they in the Stillwi region that west of that stream there is one on nearly every farm, which in sc instances attracted the early settlers. The farms are well improved and are un a high state of cultivation, and one viewing the country cannot help being pressed by the great number of substantial farm residences and commodi barns, and inferring that its people are rich and industrious. The population shown by the census of 1880, is 2,667. There is but one voting place in township, it being located on the John Summer’s land, just north of the corp 1 tion limits of West Dayton, where a township house was erected in 1877, cost of $1,000. The political complexion of the inhabitants is Democratic the following figures will show : At the election for President and Vice Presic of the United States, held November 2, 1880, the number of votes polled was 329 of which were Democratic, 281 Republican and 2 Greenback. The 0 ber election just prior made the following exhibit : Number of votes polled, ti Democratic, 355; Republican, 281 ; Prohibition, 1. There is a small settlemei G-ypsies in the township, an account of whom is given in the general histor the county. Tire country bordering on the present limits of Dayton began tc settled on the close of the eighteenth century, far in the spring of 1799. o Miller, with wife and family, emigrated from Kentucky and settled on a trac land in Section 32, and later entered 120 acres in that section. Mr. Miller ; born in Westmoreland County, Penn., December 30, 1766, and in early man! removed to Kentucky. After a residence of some years on the land mentie above, he removed several miles north of Dayton, on what is now known asj Samuel Wamples farm, on which he resided the remainder of his life. In] religious views, Miller was a Presbyterian, and in Kentucky was a member o! HARRISON TOWNSHIP. 157 Cherry Springs Congregation.” He was one of the earliest trustees and elders < the first Presbyterian Church of Dayton. The record shows him a faithful and :;entive officer of the church, and the tradition is that he was an exemplary id influential citizen. His death occurred October 17, 1825, when the family nved west, saving one daughter, Sarah, who was the wife of Obediah B. Conover, v.om she married April 13, 1814. Mr. Conover located in Dayton in the year 12, and there engaged in the manufacture of wagons, plows and farming im- pments. In the same vicinity, about the year 1801, William King, who in the strictest sfise was a pioneer, entered over 500 acres of land in that Section (32). Mr. ing was one of eight children of a well-to-do farmer of Pennsylvania, where our -)ject was born. The death of his father and the former civil troubles resulting f m the Revolutionary war so marred his prospects that upon r-eaching manhood L found himself almost penniless, and determined to retrieve his fortunes in the tm far West. With him to resolve was to execute, so taking with him his young re, who was Nancy (Waugh), left for Kentucky amid the lamentations of friends, v o declared “ he might as well go out of the world.” He located near Lexing- ti, where his five children — Victor, John, Samuel, Susan and Jane — were born. I satisfied with Kentucky, on account of slavery, he determined to brave the hidships of pioneer life in Ohio, rather than rear his children under such influ- xes. Possessed of a vigorous constitution, indomitable will and fearless uirage, he procured a team, placed his worldly effects, with his family, in his wgon, started on his journey, crossed the Ohio and, as it were, shaking the very djst of slavery from his feet, and pursued his way through the wilderness until breached Dayton, which, of course, then presented but a few cabins amid sur- r nding forests. Crossing the Miami River, he cut his way through unbroken Asts and located on the site above described, where he pitched his tent with but > dollar in his pocket ; but he went to work with a stout heart, determined to no man anything. The site selected became his permanent residence and is 31 occupied by his descendants. Father King, as he was called, was among the ) rinal members of the First Presbyterian Church of Dayton, and ever remained i insistent Christian and zealous worker in the cause of Christ, and was for (iy years the ruling elder in the church. He lived to be one hundred 3 7 ears of aB, lacking three months only. For the above sketches we are indebted to the compiler of the history of the F it Presbyterian Church of Dayton. In 1801, from Shenandoah County, Va., emigrated John Neff and family, con- ing of wife and the following named children: Christopher, Henry, Abraham, Djiiel, John, Elizabeth, Ester, Barbara and Mary. Mr. Neff entered 1,800 acres ) and in the northeastern part of the township lying next to the G-reat Miami Her, namely. Sections 11 and 15, and fractional Sections 12, 13 and 14. This P red a fine selection. In Section 15, near the present site of the railroad bridge, fl rude log cabin was erected and pioneer life begun. Mr. Neff’s neighbors were h the Locks, Hamars and Morrises, who occupied cabins on the opposite side 1 he river, in what is now Mad River Township. Of the Neff children, Abra- i i was in the war of 1812. He was united in marriage with Mary Spuce in the Vt 1808, and there were born to them Lewis, John. Henry, Sylvester, George >i Lydia. Lewis, better known as “ Squire Neff,” was born in the township in 3 year 1810, and has ever since resided in the same vicinity. He is now a Jus- i of the Peace, and has been for these many years. John Neff, the pioneer, gave each of his sons 200 acres, and to each daughter 100 acres of land. The imme- L e family lived and died on that land. The parents of Squire Neff died, the aer in 1847, and the mother in 1879, the latter being in her ninety-fourth year. 8 h are buried in the grave-yard at Beardshear Chapel. About the year 1802, Daniel Miller, a Pennsylvanian, in company with ^ohen Ullery, came out on horseback to the vicinity of Dayton, prospecting for 158 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. land, and on Wolf Creek, in Section 30, tliere lived in a cabin on the present si of the toll-gate, Billy Mason, who had evidently only “squatted,” as it wer neither entering nor renting the land. He had been tliere several years, inasmuc as on the arrival of Miller and Ullery, quite a clearing had been made. Milli liked the location of this tract, and on learning that Mason had not entered and did not intend to, left with his mind fully made up that it would be his if a already entered. On leaving, he informed Mason of his purpose, and desired hi to continue his clearing, and if it could be obtained by him, he would pay Masc for the work performed. Suffice to say, that Miller found the land unbought, ai at once entered the same. Ullery went farther west into what is now Madisc Township. The following year, Miller, with his family, consisting of wife, Susa nah (Bowman) and his children, by name Catharine and Ester, in company vvi George Kunz, came to the site of the Mason cabin which had been vacated < notice, and now became the Miller home. Later was added to the family the eh dren, Peggie, Daniel, Sarah and Joseph. In his religious views, Mr. Miller was German Baptist. On the present site of Jacob Swank’s mill, on Wolf Creek, Mr. Miller, abo the year 1804 or 1805, erected a saw-mill and, during the same year, added a gris mill. Of this family, none are living but Ester, who is the wife of Isaac Loi and resides on the southeast quarter of Section 19. Mr. Long belongs to t pioneer families of Montgomery County, his parents coming from Virginia in tl year 1804 and settling in Madison Township a year later, where Isaac was born the 3 r ear 1806. He was married in 1830, and moved upon the farm he now occ pies, whei’e he has ever since resided. When he began clearing that farm, ! hauled cord wood to Dayton and received for it from $1.25 to $1.50 per eoi Returning to Daniel Miller, we will state that in two or three years after i arrival he built quite a fine two-story hewed log house, a short distance sou of the cabin on the same quarter section. He built the present Henry Flo house, which is situated on the original entry, where Miller lived and died. I became an extensive land owner, possessing several hundred acres in the count leaving his children well fixed in life. The boys all settled and remained in t township, and played their part in converting the wilderness of their boyhood in the fine farms of the present. This same year, from the State of Virginia, can George Beardshear, who had married Mary Neff, a daughter of John Neff [jre ously spoken of, and settled on 100 acres of land entered by Neff (now the Mrs. Beardshear’s farm). The children of this couple were Catharine, David, Job Isaac, Samuel, Regina and Polly, all settling in the township, and their deseen ants here are numerous. Joseph Kennedy, a native of Lancaster County, Pen born in 1775, emigrated to Ohio in 1803. He stopped for a year or two on Cle Creek, in Warren County, thence proceeded north into what is now Harris Township and purchased a few acres of land from an uncle, who had previous entered several hundred acres along Stillwater, in the northern part of the low ship. Mr. Kennedy married Nancy Kerr, then a resident of that vicinity and native of Virginia, born in 1797. Their children were Ruth, Martha, Gilbe John and Joseph. The latter two are residing on line farms, where their bovho days were passed. Father Kennedy was a very enterprising and active busi in| man. During the war of 1812, on several occasions, he took supplies to t soldiers. In the King neighborhood, as early as 1804, were residing the families Jj Robert Wilson, consisting of wife, Martha, and one daughter, Malinda, who we from Kentucky ; Alexander McConnell and wife (Rebecca Thompson), with till children, William, Robert Linsy, Alexander and Jefferson, likewise from Kfj tucky ; and John Richey, with family, but of what it consisted or from whence came we are not able to state. The above respecting these families is traditiorj only ; however, the fact of Riche}’ and Wilson being in the county is establish by record. Richey owned 100 acres of land in Section 32 in the year 181 \ y ■ HARRISON TOWNSHIP 159 ipt. Robinson, from Virginia, and family were early settlers in the northern part the township. This we learn from an old settler, who remembers the fact of e “ Captain” living there when he came in the y r ear 1812. The records show T at Andrew Robinson owned Section 5 in 1805, and the inference is that Andrew ; d the “Captain” were one. John Reed, from Bourbon County, Ky., settled in iCtion 9 in the year 1806, where he lived for a while, then entered a part of iction 4. His wife was Sarah McCan, and the children were John, James, Will- in, Thomas, Margaret, Sarah and Jane. The boys lived in that vicinity for many 'ars; now all are dead. John Wolf and wife (Catharine Sowerbier) emigrated i ; >m Maryland, in company^ with Ludwick Spuce, in 1804. Both were men of Indies, and stopped for a year or two on land owned by Lock, in what is now Iidison Township. The land is better known as that of the Philips’ heirs, blf then moved on Wolf Creek, where he remained until about the year 1808, i en he settled on the school section (16) in the township under consideration. I re John Jr. was born in 1810, where he now resides. The Wolf children were Izabeth, Mary, Jacob, John and George. The mother and father died in the virs 1844 and 1848 respectively. About the year 1809, from near Wellsville. came John Kerr and wife (Ruth Mahall), and settled on what is now the Rice i m, just east of Stillwater, on land purchased by the uncle of Joseph Kennedy, betofore referred to, whose name was Wilson. The Kerr children were William, >ncy, John, James and Madison. Benjamin Cox, Robert McCleary and Joseph ieker were all early settlers. Cox was a Kentuckian and a soldier of the Rev- o tionary war, and earlier than 1812 lived in Section 14. He had a large family, ftteleary resided on the George Hicks farm prior to 1812. Meeker then lived o Section 10, with his family, which was large. In the year 1812, William George i;d in fractional Section 22, and soon thereafter built a grist and saw-mill about o. mile north of the mouth of Stillwater, which was operated until his death a| then went down. Mr. George was one of the early County Surveyors. John ^Williams, in the year 1812, purchased the original John Miller tract, 120 acres bisection 32, and also 100 acres of a Mr. Mason, the latter being in Section 33. M Williams was a native of Dover, Del., and in early manhood went to North Gjolina and thence to Kentucky, where he married Jane Crothers. In 1799, !y immigrated to what later became Warren County, stopping at Franklin, ' re they remained until about 1802, when Mr. Williams moved his family* into v.t is now Madison Township of this county, and entered a quarter section of al, now known as the Wilson Sloan farm. When Williams went to Cincinnati 1 nter the above land, the old “blockhouse” at Hole’s Station was the only use to be seen from the road between the two cities. He was a millwright and a t for Daniel Miller the “old mill.” By his union with Miss Crothers eight ■ I Iren were born, viz. : James L., Mary, Sarah, Lucinda, Harbert, Susan C., Via M. and Elizabeth. The mother died in 1817. Mr. Williams’ second wife f; a Mrs. Boal, who died in 1822, leaving one child, Eliza J. His third wife ■•Mrs. McConnell, by whom he had one child, Francis. Father Williams died 1 841, and his remains rest in Woodlawn Cemetery. John and Elizabeth -'Jan) Bell, the former of Pennsylvania and the latter of Scotland, [grated in an early day to Bourbon County, Ky., and in 1804 removed to Clark 1 ity, in this State, settling a little below “ Old Piqua.” In 1806, they returned i.entucky, and in 1812 again came to Ohio, and located where since has been l; : Miami City. In 1815, Mr. Bell moved on Section 16, leasing the southwest quarter, which improved, living thereon five years ; thence he went to Section 21, where he e| dned ten years, and thence removed to Indiana, and there both parents died, kr children were Thomas, Sarah, Margaret, William, Elizabeth, Jane, John M. iiAnna. John M., a worthy and esteemed citizen of the township, and to whom the vr »i' is indebted for much of the early history of Harrison, was born in Bourbon 160 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. County, Ky., in 1802. He was united in marriage with Catharine Robinson i 1827, and to them was born a son — John H. Mr. Bell’s second marriage was t Mary Lowry. His death occurred January 14, 1882, it being the result of a accident happening on the track of the Dayton & Michigan Railroad, near tl bridge over the Miami. He was walking along the track when struck by the beai of the locomotive of a passing train, and so injured that death soon followed. Tht passed away one of the pioneers of Montgomery County, of which he was a residei nearly three-quarters of a century, and, being a man of close observation, goc memory and extended reading, was familiar with the history of the county, anil > the Miami Valle}’. In the fall of 1818, John Kaufman and family, coming from Roekingha County, Va., purchased 400 acres of land lying southwest of Dayton, of one Linse paying for it $22 per acre. A portion of the same land is now the Jacob Niebert fan Neibert was a son-in-law of Kaufman. About this time came John Parks and W Wilson, brothers-in-law, from Kentucky, and settled along Stillwater in Sections and 9, and Henry Protzman from Hagerstown, Md., buying land of George f>. Hr and George Harris. The pioneer families differed, as do their descendants, in form of worshi We have observed that some of the very early families were Presbyterians, at worshiped in the then hamlet of Dayton. As churches were then organized almc with the laying out of the hamlet or village, it is not unreasonable to suppose tb the pioneers for some distance thereabout, as did the families of Miller and Kin went thither to worship. In localities farther remote from Dayton, church soc ties were organized, and it was found expedient at first to unite, irrespective sect, and worship harmoniously together. Dwellings were freely opened, and t groves, “ which were God’s first temples,” were appropriated in the sumun Later, schoolhouses were used, and finally sufficient strength was obtained, ai meeting-houses built. The Old-school Baptists were here organized early, and often held meetin at the “ Neff cabin.” Among the early families of this persuasion were Jo Wolf and wife, Ludwick Spuce and wife, Daniel Neff and wife, and George Beai shear. Jacob Mulford was one of the pioneer ministers. The partial members! just given is of resident members. In later years, people and ministers of t! denomination came from other parts of the country to attend series of meetin as is customary among them. Next in order was organized a society of Methodis but in the absence of records, it is impossible to fix the dates the organizatic were effected, or give anything like a detailed history of others. The earl itinera Methodist ministers of this entire region, who rode the circuit of miles in circn ference, taking six weeks to traverse it, were the pioneer preachers. Such nan as Revs. Arthur Elliott, Daniel Hitt, John Collinson, James Findley and J< Collins would be familiar to the pioneer Methodists, could they but hear the Among this denomination were the families of Reeds, Meekers, Parsons, .Lowri and Riggs. CTO The first meeting-house was erected by the Methodist society, assisted in p by the Baptist brethren, on ground deeded by Joseph Meeker. It was a oae-sti frame building, and stood near the present brick, and was called “ JEbeneziJ Church. It was built by subscription about the year 1820, the Baptists contrih, ing with the understanding that they were to hold services there one Sabbatl each month. Both societies so worshiped for several years, when it was lot that they could not get along together, as the Baptists advanced doctrines to wli the Methodists took exceptions, and the latter closed the doors on them. This to the building of a separate house by the Baptists in 1828 and 1829, of Jie\ logs, on ground deeded by Abraham Neff. Here they worshiped until 187 i, year the present one-story brick was erected. The pastor of the charge in 1 was Rev. John Guthridge, who pi’eached the dedicatory sermon that spring. 1871. Rev. Height was the pastor in charge. The membership is now small, m HARRISON TOWNSHIP. 161 dag about one dozen only, meetings being held once a month, Bev. John Biggs, Delaware County, officiating. The Methodists continued holding services in the old frame” until the year 1860, when the present one-story brick building was ected in the eastern part of Section 9. It is in Concord Circuit. Present embership about fifty. The history of the German Baptist Society of this town- ip is the same as that given in the general history of the county and in the ad- ning districts. The one-story brick in Section 18, near the Madison Township ie, was built in 1853, on ground purchased of Jacob Mumma. It is known as •fe Stillwater Church, and was organized at an early period. It has a membership over 100. Elder Abraham Flory is now in charge. Just prior to the building ( this church, there stood a similar house a little over the line in Madison Town- ip, which had been recently built, and was about ready for occupancy when de- coyed by fire. And still another, years prior, was built in that vicinity, and had ten torn down on account of its being too small. There is quite a large grave- • rd at the present church, and interments were made there over a half century ago. ami Chapel United Brethren Church, situated south of Dayton, in Section 4. was ganized in this wise : In 1849, Henry Shoup, then a resident of that neighbor- ed, and of the United Brethren persuasion, obtained from Simon' McClure, an rent for a large tract of land there, a donation of three acres of ground for the jrpose of erecting a church and laying out a burying-ground. Mainly through te efforts of John Dodds, in 1849, a small one-story brick church was built, and a rrch organization effected with three members, namely ■ John Dodds, Fred- t|ck Shoup and Edith Olinger, finder Bev. William Miller, Dodds being the only ce of the three now living. Prior to this, several families occasionally held serv- ile at the residence of Shoup and in the schoolhouse, Bevs. Bobinson and W. W. 1 vis preaching. In 1851, the building was enlarged to its present size. The foi- lring year, there came a great revival, and and the membership was increased to mety, all of whom remained faithful. The chapel is a neat little building, having nelfry and bell, and the adjoining graveyard is a pretty spot and well cared for. re first burials there were Mrs. Frederick Shoup and the wife of Abraham Nicho- 1 . The present pastor is Bev. E. W. Bowers. Shiloh Springs Christian Church, I'.ated in the northeastern part of Section 7, was organized in April, 1853, by Bev. hxander McClain. Peter Kaufman and wife Nancy, Jacob Heikes and wife Vry, were the original members. The building, a one-story brick, was erected in ti summer of 1853. paid for at once, and dedicated Christmas Day, by Bev. N. Sum- hrville. One acre of ground was deeded for church and graveyard by Peter iufman. A protracted meeting began on the day of dedication, lasting several tfefcs. and the membership was increased to forty-two. The following-named misters have served the charge and in the order given : Alexander McClain. Isder, William Jay, — Furnas, H. G. Bush, Daniel Brewer and C. W. Choate, the r sent incumbent. Present membership, sixty-six. The church was remodeled al enlarged in 1881. The graveyard is beautifully located and well studded with e rgreens. The first interment in it was a young babe, next was a child of Jacob likes, in January, 1854. Beardshear Chapel, a United Brethren Church, located mhe eastern part of Section 15, was organized in the summer of 1860, by Bev. Siiin Corsan. The original members were John and Elizabeth Beardshear, bjrge W. Eusley, Mahala Eusley, Daniel and Lydia Tresler, Begina Beardshear. Irtha Beardshear, Clarisa Smith, Samuel McCord, Elizabeth Brenner and Ellen 1 ler. The church building is a one-story brick, and was erected in 1853, at a cost o.ibout $1,700. The ground upon which it stands was bought of Sylvester Neff. Jin Beardshear was instrumental in organizing and building the church, hence t* name. It was dedicated August 26, 1860, by the Bev. W. J. Shuey, of Dayton. Jmbership now about twenty-three ; pastor, B,ev. T. F. Bushong. There is quite a, extensive graveyard at the church, beautifully situated on the brow of a hill, oi Hooking a passing stream. It is dotted over with shrubbery, and many neat njnuments mark the spot where lie the bodies of loved ones. It comprises nearly 162 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. two acres of ground. The original tract, one acre, was bought of Daniel Ne about the year 1843, for a neighborhood burying-ground, and was placed in tl hands of three Trustees— Daniel Booher, John Neff and G. W. Ensley, by whom was laid out into lots sixteen feet square. Later, two additions were made to the land having been purchased of the Neff heirs. The remains of Dayton Lovvn were the first interred there. It is now pretty well filled up. In the northeastern quarter of Section 9 is situated quite an old graveyar The ground was deeded by George Drill, and was regularly laid out into lots, number of the pioneers of the northern part of the township were buried in it Tl schools of the township are excellent ; there are eleven districts, and thirteen ieac ers are employed. There is in each district a good substantial brick schoolhout three of which have two rooms each, and two of them are two-stor}' building The average time that school is held during the year is nine months. The scko property is valued at $25,500. Board of Education, as follows : President, Jes Martindale ; Clerk, John Siebenthales ; E. L. Showers, M. K. Wenger, John I Bell, W. B. King, If. C. Mumma. John D. Rider, John A. Smith, J. B. Mumma, Hen Flory and W. G. Turner. Section 16 was leased up to within a few years of 18S when three-quarters of it were sold. The remaining quarter is still unsold, and occupied by Martin Wolf, the rent being used toward the support of schools. As early as 1810, a schoolhouse was standing on the McConnell farm. Tl “ masters ” of that early period, and in the order given, were Abner Crothers, Jo) King and Robert McConnell. About the year 1816, Squire Bell assisted in buil mg a schoolhouse in Section 10 (near the center) ; William Cox was the first teachi The branches taught were reading, writing and Pike’s arithmetic. Robert Mere taught later. Tuition, $1.50 per scholar a quarter. This embraced the school d trict between the Miami and Stillwater, extending up to what was then Randol[. now Butler, Township. There were about one hundred and sixty scholars in t district. At that date, there were only three or four schoolhouses in the townsk one of which stood on the Capt. Brier place, now the Seiber farm. Victor Kii was an early teacher at that house. Daniel Miller, as was said above, built, about the year 1804 or 1805, a si and grist mill, which stood on the site of the Jacob Swank Mill on Wolf Cret The grist mill was a frame building in which were two runs of stone ; later, Mill purchased a French set of buhrs in Cincinnati. Both mills were burned in 18 or 1826, but were rebuilt shortly afterward. The Swank Mill is in part the in rebuilt by Miller, but has since been remodeled. The saw-mill was torn dot many years ago. Mr. Miller in later years operated a copper still and made great deal of liquor ; Isaac Long was the distiller. Judge William George bu a grist and saw mill on Stillwater, about one mile from its mouth, during the w of 1812. Joseph Kennedy, on coming to this State, brought a copper still, whi he put in operation soon after his arrival. John Parks and William Wilson erect a grist-mill on Stillwater in Section 9, about the year 1820. possibly a little earli Squire Bell assisted in digging the race. George Uembaugh afterward bought t mill property, and added a saw-mill ; both were operated by Uembaugh until 1 death. The grist-mill was remodeled by Michael Schautz. The same is now own and carried on by Michael Shaefer, of Dayton. Prior to 1830, David Rhodabau carried on distilling in Section 7, on the John Kaufman farm. Later, Peter Kai man operated the same still. Charles Haskin built a saw-mill in Section 3, in t southern part of the township, on land now owned by V. Winters. This was 1838 or 1839. The water-power at that point was very fine : the fall was gre and the power could have been made superior to any about Dayton. This a was carried away by high water in 1847. MAD RIVER TOWNSHIP. 163 MAD RIVER TOWNSHIP. HHBRE is perhaps no township of Montgomery County so closely identified with the early history and subsequent growth of Dayton as Mad River, and al- tmgh it was one of the last townships erected, its pioneer history begins with t settlement at the mouth of the stream whose name it bears. It was not mil May 24, 1841, that Mad River was cut off from Dayton Township, and its , sent boundaries established. The first election was held on Monday, May 28, 1 4, at the tavern of John Cos, in Section 27, on the road leading from Day ton ^euia, and this old building is still in a fair state of preservation. This subdi- ion is very irregular on its western boundary, which follows the meanderings of tl Great Miami to the mouth of Mad River, and then the corporation line of Dayton u il the northern boundary' line of Van Buren Township is reached, the latter form- ii its southern boundary ; on the east lies Greene County, and to the north Wayne Ivnship. It varies from one-half mile to six miles in length, and from three to and a half miles in width, and is watered by the Great Miami and Mad Rivers, wn a few small branches flowing into the latter stream. The soil along the riv- al is a rich, black loam, while the uplands are of a sandy clay nature, and as a v fie are second to none in value and productiveness. The products and timber do i differ materially from that of the county in general, and its roads will com- ae favorably' with its sister townships. Five railroads pass through Mad River hraship, and we might say that there is scarcely 7 a farm in the township out of ; i t of these monuments of civilization and the spirit of progress they 7 repre- ss;. Owing to its close proximity to Dayton, many of its citizens have been > ninently identified with the development and prosperity 7 of that city, while o y Daytonians have built them houses within its limits, thus assisting in beau- ifng and increasing the value of its lands. In Section 27 is located the large ■ ; farm of Nicholas Ohmer. containing 104 acres handsomely improved and erred with all classes of vines and fruit-growing trees. This is said to be the i®t fruit-farm in Ohio, and adds much to the wealth and reputation of Mad ibr Township. OAKLAND. A town named Oakland was laid out by 7 Daniel Beekel, a prominent citizen •ayton, July 27, 1854, on Section 27, Township 2, Range 7, and May 7 19, 1856, I Beekel and J. P. Ohmer made an addition to the former plat, the latter gentle- v laying out a second addition May 7 21, 1857. This, like many other projected J is, has never existed except on paper, yet the time may come when Oakland The within the corporation limits of Dayton, and it requires no stretch of the urination to predict that such will come to pass inside of the time that it has da Dayton to reach its present dimensions. No other towns have ever been fed in Mad River Township, though the hamlet of Harshmanville is the near- d pproach to a village of which the township can boast. Here settled one of aqioneers whose family 7 became prominent in county 7 affairs, and after whom the k' was called in honor of the enterprise, energy and public spirit exhibited by 'founder of the family 7 and his descendants toward the growth and develop- ie of the Mad River V alley 7 . Few families of Montgomery 7 County 7 are better j ore favorably 7 known than the Harshmans, and to them is honestly due much J 5 present prosperity. PIONEERS. the of in the general history 7 of Montgomery County 7 is given an elaborate record of urveying parties who traversed this region of the country and also the names iOse intrepid pioneers of civilization who composed those parties and w 7 ho 164 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. subsequently made their homes and spent their lives in this vicinity. Of t colony who started from Cincinnati in March, 1796, arriving at the mouth of M; River in April of that year, but three settled inside the present limits of Mi River Township, viz., William Hamer, William Gahagan and James Morris; t latter forming one of the party headed by Col. George Newcom, and Gabao- with the party that came on the boat in charge of Samuel Thompson. William Hamer owned a pair of horses and a wagon, and in this way tra eled from Cincinnati to his new home. He was accompanied by his wife, Mai and six children, Solomon, Thomas, Nancy, Elizabeth, Sarah and Polly ; also b friends, Jonathan and Edward Mercer. It was a long, cold and dangerous joi ney through the woods, up the narrow trace which had been partially cut out the Cooper surveying corps the preceding year, but these were not the men flinch when duty called them, and their indomitable spirits never flagged uni the many hardships which they were called upon to undergo. Passing over i many incidents of the journey from Cincinnati to the mouth of Mad Riv which are fully spoken of in the genex-al history, we come to the record of i first settlers of Mad River Township. William Hamer was born in Maryland about the year 1750, there grew manhood and m irried. In the spring of 1792, with his wife, Mary, and childr! he moved West, coming down the Ohio to Cincinnati in a flatboat, built by hi self and son, Solomon. Upon reaching Cincinnati, they took the lumber of wh the boat was made and built a cabin, in which the family lived until March, 17 when they started for Dayton. Mr. Hamer was a local Methodist preacher, si thinking that in the Symmes purchase, as in the settlement of the Ohio Compi at Marietta. Section 29 would be given by the proprietors for religious purpoi he kept on up Mad River and located on that section. In this view he was n- taken, and afterward had to pay $2 per acre, like the rest of the settlers. It built his cabin on the top of the hill, just south of where the Cincinnati, Ch i land, Columbus & Indiana and the Toledo, Detroit & Buffalo Railroads cross < Springfield pike, being assisted by his son Solomon and William Gahagan : : for half a century afterward that hill was known throughout this valley “ Hamer’s Hill.” His wife, Mary, bore him eleven children — Solomon was their settlement here sixteen years old ; Thomas was six ymars old ; Nancy af ward married William Gahagan ; Elizabeth married William C. Lowry ; Ss was married in November, 1801, to David Lowry, who lived up Mad River, l the mouth of Donnel’s Creek, where she died in August, 1810 ; Polly mar Joseph Culbertson, of Miami County. On the 9th day of December, 1796, I ton Hamer was born at his father’s cabin on Hamer’s Hill, and was the first c born in the Dayton settlement, and no doubt in Montgomery County ; he mar Catherine Haney, moved to Illinois, then to California, where he died many y ago. William Hamer, Jr., married Hannah Culbertson, and moved to India Susan married a Mr. Krider ; Ruth married Abram Wagoner ; Ellen died married. Mary, wife of William Hamer, died at the homestead on “Hair Hill,” August 9, 1825, aged sixty-three years. Mr. Hamer married the sec time, and subsequently met with an accident on his way to Cincinnati, in the s mer of 1827, from the effects of which he died shortly afterward. William Gahagan was a brave and patriotic Irishman, who loved the of his adoption, and hated that flag which was the emblem of oppression in native isle. In 1793, he came in Wayne’s Legion from Pittsburgh to Cinciuj and served with that army through the campaigns of 1794 and 1795. He Benjamin Van Cleve were comrades, and in May, 1794, they made a trip dp the Ohio to Fort Massac, with contractor’s supplies, returning in July to the a: After the Greenville treaty, he at once engaged with the surveyor, Capt. John i . lap, who was making preparations for field work in the Mad River country, i acted as hunter for that surveyor’s party. He selected land up Mad River, for some years made his home at William Hamer’s cabin, afterward marri MAD RIVER TOWNSHIP. 165 ancy Hamer. About 1804 or 1805, they moved into Miami County, settling ponland that he owned south of Troy, known as Gahagan’s Prairie, and was oselv identified with the settlement and progress of that portion of Miami >unty. His wife, Nancy, died, and he married a Mrs. Tennery, dying in Troy, iout 1845. James Morris, a native of Pennsylvania, came west to Fort Harmar, and was the expedition under Gen. Harmar in 1790. He left Cincinnati in March, 96, as one of the party headed by George Newcom. He settled on land north Dayton, on the Great Miami, in Mad River Township, followed farming, was ice married, but died childless. Robert Edgar was born in Staunton, Va., February 8, 1770, his father, Robert, ving emigrated from Ireland in 1739, and settled in that State. About 1780, e family removed to near Wheeling, West Va., where, about 1790, the father was lied by the Indians. Soon afterward, our subject settled up the estate and in mpany with his brother and sister came down the Ohio on a flatboat to Ciucin- fti, where he arrived in 1795, and the following year joined the Dayton settle- ;ent at the mouth of Mad River. He was married in Hamilton Count}’, Septem- r 27, 1798, to Mrs. Margaret Kirkwood, nee Gillespie, widow of David Ivirk- >od, of which union were bom the following children : George, Jane A., Robert j, Samuel I)., William G., Mary and John F. The mother was born in Phila- dphia, April 6, 1772, and was an estimable, worth}’ woman, who watched care- f.ly over the interests of her household. For some years after coming to Dayton, j\ Edgar lived in the town, built and managed a mill for D. C. Cooper, but finally irchased a farm in Section 33, Mad River Township, since known as the “Edgar I'm,” and there raised his family. In the war of 1812, he went out in defense ( the frontier settlements, and his son, John F., has now in his possession the sord which his father carried in that struggle. Mr. Edgar was one of the influ- (Mal men among the early settlers, and died December 19, 1838, his wife surviv- H him six years, dying November 25, 1844 ; both were members of the Presby- t ian Church. Valentine Oyler came from Canada to Ohio in 1796, was a Tory, and had to 1 ve his native State, Maryland, during the Revolutionary war and fly to the I glish dominions. We find that in the tax duplicate for the year 1798, of Day- ti Township, Valentine Oyler’s name appears as the miller of Daniel C. Cooper, h it is evident that he was here at an earlier date. He finally settled in Section - on the “ Woodman farm,” and raised a family. He was the grandfather of D. ' Pottle, and his youngest son. Samuel, died near Hagerstown, Inch, in 1875. ese facts came from some papers left by Peter Lemon, who had collected mate- ill with a view of writing a history of Mad River Township. Andrew Lock was another of the earliest settlers, as we find his name in the i : duplicate of Dayton Township for the year 1798, his tax being 81.374. He vered 640 acres of land in Sections 5 and 11, immediately north of the mouth c Mad River, along the Miami, in what is now Mad River Township, and there ( d in an early day. A portion of this land is now owned by the Phillips heirs, ?d, where the Troy pike crosses the Great Miami, was known among the first set- tfs as Lock’s Ford. Among the next to locate in this township were two brothers named William M Henry Robinson, who settled near the site of Harries’ Mills about 1800, and bre built one of the early mills of the county, the latter brother being the prin- Dal in this enterprise. William was a miller by trade and a Presbyterian fiacher, preaching for the New Lights at Beavertown and Presbyterians at lyton. Henry subsequently removed to Indiana, where he died. He had a Ige family, the sons being Henry, Coleman and Samuel. We now 7 come to a pioneer who was, without doubt, the most prominent and i uential man among the first settlers of Mad River Township. There were, in % few of the pioneer fathers who did more toward building up this county and 166 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. encouraging its speedy settlement than Judge Isaac Spinning. He was born i New Jersey, October 3, 1759, and there married Catherine Pierson, a native i the same State, born March 11, 1767. They subsequently came west to Cincii nati, settling near that point, from where they removed, in 1801, to Mad Rive Township, locating in the eastern part of the township, where Mr. Spinning cwne 960 acres of very fine land in Sections 17 and 18. Their children were Piersoi who in 1812, settled in Springfield ; Anna M. (who married the Rev. Peter Mot fort); George Cl., who died young ; Charles H.; Phoebe D. (who became the wife < the Rev. David Monfort), Geoi'ge B., Mary P. (who married Dr. Job Haines Charlotte C. (who died in early girlhood) ; Harriet, who married Prof. W. H. Mi Guffey, and Susan J. (who became the wife of Andrew Calhoun). In May, 180; Mr. Spinning was appointed one of the Associate Judges of Montgomery Count) and held that position until his death, which occurred at the home of his son-ii law, Dr. Job Haines, of Dayton, December 24, 1825, his wife having died Septen ber 6, 1818. Judge Spinning entered the Revolutionary army when but seven teen years old, serving faithfully in that battle for human rights and liberty, again; English oppression and tyranny. His funeral was an imposing one for tlia early day. and six Revolutionary heroes laid his body away in its last reslin place, they being selected as pall-bearers in honor of the cause for which all ba< risked their lives. From the recollections of Charles H. Spinning, deceased — one of Judge Spit ning’s sons — we learned that when they came to Mad River Township, a ma named Stanley Miller had a cabin and a } T oung orchard about a mile sonthwest ( where his father settled some of the stumps of the apple trees being yet vis ble. Mr. Spinning says : “ I was then eight years old and remember there was cabin on the bank of Mad River, a few rods above where William Harries’ flou ing-mill now stands ; about eighty rods south of that there was a small cabin j n a very small tanyard of two or three vats, and about one-quarter of a mile wes of this tanyard was a little overshot mill, on a small branch that, runs near whei Camp Corwin was located, crossing the railroad at ‘ Tate’s Hill.’ Mr. Hamer, Methodist preacher, lived in a small cabin on what was then called ‘ Hamer Hill. T also think there was a cabin on the school section near where Georg Kemp’s house now stands.” Thus writes one who was old enough when he cam to vividly remember much of the earliest records and events transpiring at thi day in the neighborhood. For two or three years after Judge Spinning settled Mad River Township, there seems to have been a lull in emigration to this sul ■division, as we do not hear of any others who came at this time. In 1805, an ei odus seems to have taken place, and the settlers came pouring in from tl East and South, among whom stands prominent the name of Jonathan Ears! man, a native of Maryland, born December 21. 1781. Upon reaching manlioo he removed to Kentuckjq but, disliking the institution of slavery, he came to (fir in 1805, and bought forty acres of land in Section 22, where J. Clinton Wdso now resides. For this he paid $30, and traded a silver watch for a copper stilj which was located on a spring Here he lived until the close of the war of 181! then removed to where George Harshman now resides, and there built a brie house some years later. He took a leading place in milling and distilling, an under that head will be found a history of his manufacturing career. In 1808, 1: was married to Susannah Reach, who bore him the following children, viz, ; Elizi beth, Catherine, Jonathan, Marv, John, Joseph, George, Susannah and Reube: Mrs. Harshman died December 5, 1839, her husband surviving her nearly elevr years, dying March 31, 1850. The descendants and connections of this pionei are among the foremost families of the county, and have always held the leadn positions in its mercantile, manufacturing and professional circles. Shortly before the date of the above settlement, John Rench and wife. Ehz beth. with Mr. Staley and wife (the latter a sister of Mrs. Rench), settled at tl present site of Harshmanville. They came from Pennsylvania, and Rench bui MAD RIVER TOWNSHIP. 167 t 3 first house at the above-mentioned burg, but at wha't particular date we are : able to state. Martin Houser and wife, Barbara Neff, came from Shenandoah County, Ya., i the year 1805. They were married in the “ Old Dominion," and upon coming t this county settled in Section 25, also owning land across the Miami, in what i now Harrison Township. Their children were Henry. .John, Martin, Daniel, tcob, Isaac, Polly and Katie. Father Houser died February 23, 1842, and his ,fe January 8, 1844, both being buried in the Beardshear graveyard. Prior to 05, Edward and Elizabeth Mercer, also Jacob and Elizabeth Replogle, settled i the Houser neighborhood, while Rev. Thomas Winters and Benjamin Kizer led on Section 16. Kizer came from Kentucky to this township in 1805, and tier a few years’ residence removed to Butler Township, and in 1828 to the ( oper stone quarries on the Shakertown road. His son, Daniel, was born in Mad Her Township, April 2, 1807. In October, 1833, he married Eliza Warner, and 1835 purchased eighty-five acres of land from Lewis Broadwell, adjoining the cy of Dayton, and there died October 17, 1869. A sketch of Rev. Winters will 1 found in Herman Township. In 1805, Henry Butt and Jacob Rothamel lived < the School Section 16, the former coming from Frederick County, Md., with le Lemon family. Peter Lemon, a native of Frederick County, Md., came to Mad River Town- - p in 1805, and settled where Oakland was afterward laid out. His sons were • fin, Jacob, David and Peter, and the daughters Catherine (who married a Stuts- i.n), Susan (who married Samuel Booher), Margaret (became the wife of Daniel Mtsman), Elizabeth (the wife of William Cox), and Mary (married Conrad Dod- m). Mr. Lemon began the preparation of a history of Mad River Township, but cjl not finish the work intended, yet he collected many facts, and his papers men- tn that sixteen families arrived in this township at one time in the year 1805. .1 stopped in Section 27, on the Lemon farm, until they bought land and erected (pins, which were built in one day and occupied the next. There were ninety - s': persons in these sixteen families, but four of whom were living, as far as Mr. Imon knew of, in 1875, as follow: John Banker, John Waid, Jonathan Lemon :cl Peter Lemon (the latter has since died). James Grimes, with his mother and five sisters, emigrated from Rockbridge runty, Va., in 1805, coming in a six-horse wagon, via Crab Orchard, Ky., cross- H the Ohio River at Cincinnati, thence up to what is now Greene County. He ' s then a single man, just arrived at his majority, and entered 500 acres of land, l in 1807 operated a copper still. *Iu 1809, he sold the land, and purchased a Mtion in the north part of Mad River Township, now known as the Davis farm. 1 the year 1811, Grimes went to the mouth of the Scioto River, and, loading two : tboats with bacon, apples and flour, went to New Orleans, where, unable to sell b produce to advantage, he took the cargo to the West India Islands, was absent : rteen months and made on the trip $1,300. He returned in 1812, and shortly ; erward married Edith Williamson, and settled on Section 20, who bore him <;ht children, viz. : John, William, James, Martha, Asa, Henry, Mary B. and anklin. In 1852, Father Grimes sold his farm to John Harries and moved to vke County, dying in Greenville in 1853. In 1816, he sold 160 acres of Section • to David Duncan, who soon afterward built a brick house, the first erected in b neighborhood, which is still standing. The five sisters who came with James • imes in 1805 were Betsey, Peggie, Polly, Annie and Martha. The first men- 1 ued married Edward Newcom, Peggie a Mr. Campbell, Polly a Mr. Crawford, mie a Mr. McConahew and Martha a Mr. Fulton. William Grimes, who is now a brchant in Dayton, was born on the homestead in Section 20 in 1818, and assisted i clearing up the land. In 1840, he married Sarah Dougherty. Another of the 1 .ding pioneer families of Mad River Township are the Kemps, who are de- luded from Lewis and Elizabeth (Lj^ons) Kemp, natives of Frederick County, 1, who, with a family of eight children, left their native State in 1806. and came 168 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. to Montgomery County, Ohio, purchasing Section 22 and a portion of 29, in till township, paying for the same $10 per acre. Their children were Jacob, Isaai Joseph, David, Samuel, Mary, Catherine and Margaret, all of whom settled in th neighborhood. The mother, Elizabeth, died April 13, 1827, aged seventy -tw years and eleven days. Mr. Kemp surviving her fifteen years, dying December 2 1842, aged eighty-two years five months and fourteen days. Joseph, the thir eldest son and father of George Kemp, of Dayton, was born in Frederick Count’ Md., April 6, 1788, served in the war of 1812 as an Ensign in Capt. Van Cleve company and died October 5, 1824. John and Elizabeth Booher came the sarr year as the Kemps, and settled in Mad River Township. About the year 1801 Philip Wagner and family came from Rockingham County, Va., by flatbcat 1 Columbia. They remained in that vicinity several years, then removed int Montgomery County, settling in the neighborhood of where the Soldiers’ Home now located, and there Philip, Sr., died. His children were John, Jacob, Banie William, Susan, Betsy, Polly and Philip. In 1810, the last mentioned bought tract of land of about three hundred and fifteen acres in Sections 19 and 24. Ma River Township, married Ester Bowman, who bore him eight children, viz. Job Sarah, Benjamin, Polly, Catherine, William, Philip and Jacob, three of whom no reside in the township. Another son of Philip, Sr. — viz., John — married Est< Croll about the year 1808. settled on land adjoining his brother Philip’s, which 1 bought of a man named Houser, and raised a large family, all of whom left Lh vicinity at an early day. In the year 1804, John Dille, a native of Virginia wit his wife, Elizabeth, and thi'ee children — Ann, Betsy and Samuel — came from Kei tucky to this township, settling in Section 19, where they had born to them foi children, viz.: Isaac, Eleanor, John and Brice. All of this family are dead bi Isaac and Brice, who reside in Dayton. Two year’s after John’s settlement, h parents, Samuel and Ann Dille, also his brothers, Rickey, Samuel and Brice, cm grated from the “Dille Bottom,” near Wheeling, Va., and settled on land adjoinir his, in Mad River Township. Soon after the last Dille settlement was made, the other families, relatives of the above, came from the same part of Virginia, viz John and Poll} - (Dille) Bodle} - , Asa and Rebecca (Dille) Griffith, Janies and Pol (Dille) Jones, all of whom had families and settled in the same neighborhood i the Dilles. None of the above are now residents of Mad River, having move away many years ago. Another of the earliest settlers of the Dille neighborkoc was Robert Coleman, who gave the ground upon which the first schoolhouse that vicinity^ was erected. At what precise date he came we are unable to stat but it is evident that he was living there prior to 1806. George Frybargcr, native of Germany, settled in Section 21 in the year 1805, where he died in 181 He came from his native land to the colonies about 1776, locating in Frederic County, Md., from whence he came to Ohio. He was married twice, each wi bearing him two children, viz. : George, Martin, Valentine and Annie. The motbc of the last two died in 1829. The best known of this family was Valentine, wl was born on the old homestead in Mad River Township November 17, 1805, ar there nearly all his life was passed. He was married to Elizabeth Hosier Api 14, 1831, who bore him ten children. For many years he was engaged in quart ing and furnishing stone for building purposes. He died July 22, 1873, and li wife August 24, 1874, both dying as they had lived, faithful adherents of the R formed Church. We know of no more appropriate way of closing an account of some of t 1 early settlers of Mad River Township than by giving a brief sketch of its o'lde living settler. Levan Cottom was born in Worcester County, Md., March 3, 179 of parents Thomas and Pricilla (Cottingham) Cottom, natives of the same Stat He came to Montgomery County, with his parents and an uncle, William Cottin ham in May, 1807. Both were men of families, and all lived during that summ on forty acres of land owned by William Hamer, and removing to land adjoinii that in the fall. Both tracts were in what is now Mad River Township. In t,l MAD RIVER TOWNSHIP. 169 ring of 1808, the Cottoms again changed quarters, going on land owned by- lines Finley. In 1812, Levan became a resident of Dayton, where he lived, sve several years which were passed in the immediate vicinity, until 1834, when removed just north of the city, in Section 28, Harrison Township. In 1832, was married to Pricilla Tyler, of this county, and to them were born two sons, avid D. and James B. The parents, Thomas Gottorn and wife, died in 1842. ow great the change as witnessed by this venerable pioneer ! MILLS AND DISTILLERIES. Mad River is a tine mill stream, and it is said that the river between Spring- id and Dayton has a fail of 150 feet, and that twenty or twenty-five years ago lire were between the two towns thirteen distilleries, making 17.500 gallons of nisky every twenty-four hours, a sufficient amount of fluid to run a four-foot jir of buhrs the year around. At a very early day, there was much distilling me throughout this township, many of the first settlers having a copper still, vfch a capacity of twelve to fifteen bushels per day. Of these, there were four in :ition 22, Jonathan Harshman had one on the original forty acres purchased by n ; Lewis Kemp had one on the old homestead ; Jacob Kemp operated a still t ere D. Cosier now resides, and Joseph Kemp, one on the Barbara Steele farm, a of which were on springs, and in operation as early as 1815. William Hamer, 8. had a still on his farm, it stood north of the present house on that hill ; David Imon had one on the Oakland farm, and William Hamer, Jr., had a still on Sec- t q 23. It was William Hamer, Sr., who built the first mill in the Miami Valley, i -th of the fourth range of townships. It was a small tub-mill for grinding corn, al stood just east of the canal bridge, where Water street is now located in Day- The water was brought across from the mouth of Mad River by a small r e and the tail race followed the present course of the canal. About the year 1)0, or soon after, Henry Robinson built a small flour- mill in Section 23, where I rries is now located, and this, no doubt, was the first mill erected inside the : sent limits of Mad River Township. Along about this time, a small overshot n 1 was built on McConnell’s Creek, in Section 23, immediately south of where ti Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad crosses the Springfield pje. In 1810 or 1811, Judge Isaac Spinning gave to John Rench and a Mr. Slley twenty acres of land with water-power, on condition that they would build ate which they immediately did, but were not able to cany it on very long, and •Jiathan Harshman took it off their hands. It was operated as a flouring-mill u il 1848, then changed to an oil-mill, and has continued as such to the present. Is business was carried on by Jonathan Harshman until 1840, then by his three sts, George, Jonathan and Joseph, until 1859, when it went into the hands of the fi t-mentioned, and has ever since been operated by him, its present capacity be- i> five barrels of linseed oil per day. In 1832, Jonathan Harshman erected a One distillery having a capacity of 500 bushels per day, and in 1848 the build- ings remodeled and enlarged by Gfeorge Harshman, and destroyed by r fire in ober, 1878. In the year 1842, Jonathan Harshman built a three and a half ' ied brick flouring-mill, which he called “Union Mills,” and this enterprise also 0 mgs to George Harshman. The present saw-mill ivas erected by George Harsh- m in 1866 ; it has a capacity of 3,000 feet of lumber per day. He has a large il?e-story brick elevator, builtinthe summer of 1879 for storing corn, also an exten- di; cooper shop where the barrels for the mills are manufactured. John Roberts Jit a large grist-mill, three stories in height, on the Great Miami River, in the tyhwestern part of the township, about the year 1820. It next went into the Nds of John Shroyer ; then into the possession of William Reel, who paid for it 15 forty acres of land, including water-power, mill privileges, etc., $5,000. Later nt fell into the hands of Grimes, Black & Shroyer, and was afterward owned by J les Grimes, who, in the summer of 1843. erected a saw-mill near by. About 0 year 1819 or 1820, Joseph and Charles Bosson erected a cotton and weaving- 170 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. mill at “ Smithville " oa Mad River. This mill stood where the present saw-mil of William Harries now is, but the Bosson Bros, sold out in 1824 and subsequent ly removed to Tennessee. The next man who figured as miller and manufacture in this locality was George W. Smith, a native of Staunton, Va., who came t( Dayton in 1804. He purchased his interest at “ Smithville ” (now Harries), print i pally from Henry Robinson, in 1821, but also bought the Bosson Mills, and con ducted milling, distilling, and the manufacture of cotton yarns, carpet warp, etc About 1835, improved machinery was introduced into the cotton-mill, and in 184! the property was sold to Smith & Harries, but after some years the manufacture of cotton yarns was abandoned, and the machinery sold. In the year 1825 George Kneisly, a native of Lancaster County, Penn., came to the Harries neigh borhood on Mad River, and purchased sixty acres of land with water-power fron Dayton Hamer. He had previously lived in Greene County, and there carried oi an oil-mill. Immediately after purchasing his land, he erected a saw-mill, then “ corn-cracker,” which he soon converted into a flouring-mill by adding two sets o buhrs, making three in all. He then built an oil-mill, and next a small distiller with a capacity of twenty-five bushels per day, which he increased to sixty These mills were about one-half mile below Harries, where the Hydraulic no\ crosses the road. Mr. Kneisly leased land with water-power, for ten years, to A1 exander Phillips & Co., who erected a two and a half storied frame paper-mil about 1830, probably the first institution of that kind in the county. This core pany carried it on during the ten years’ lease, and on its expiration the mill wa removed to Dayton by the Hydraulic Company. In November, 1841, Kneisly Hour and saw mill burned down ; the latter was rebuilt and one stone put in, mill! ing a chopping-mill, but about 1843 Kneisly sold out to the Hydraulic Compam and died in Miami County in 1851. One of the early distilleries was operated i Section 24 by Philip Wagner, and in 1829 Samuel Rohrer had one on his farm i Section 30. Martin Rohrer operated a still in Section 19, and John Compton ra one in Section 13, afterward owned by Warren Munger. In 1848, William Ha ries went to the present site of the mills, at which time the old frame now used!) him as a corn-mill was occupied in the manufacture of cotton yarns, and wasorij inally the old Robinson flouring-mill. Mr. Harries changed it from a cotton to flouring-mill, thus bringing it back to its original uses. When he moved there, distillery stood on the site of the present one, and in 1853 he built the saw-mi The following year the present distillery was erected by Mr. Harries, and was tl largest in the county, and second largest in the district. When constructed, i chimney was over one hundred feet high, but about the year 1856, forty feet wei blown oil' in a storm, and a German employe killed thereby. In 1870, Mr. Ilarri built the large four-storied brick flouring-mill now operated by him at a cost $20,000. It has four run of stones, and a capacity of 100 barrels of flour p day. GRAVEYARDS. The oldest burial-place in Mad River Township is located in the northea corner of Section 22, about one acre of ground having been donated bv Lew Kemp, in 1815, for that purpose. Previous to the above date, no regular grav yard existed in the township, and burials were made in any convenient sp selected by the friends of the deceased, or else the body was taken to a ccmete outside of the present limits of Mad River. The Kemp Graveyard was. the pla of sepulture for that section of the county for many years, and a large number the pioneers rest there, among whom are the Kemps, Sumans and Cramers, first person buried in this ground was John R. Harshman, about 1816 or 181b his remains were subsequently removed to the Harshman Graveyard. From appearances there have been no burials in the Kemp ground for many years, a it has been allowed to go into decay, wearing a look of neglect and disord Another of the old burial-places of Mad River is the Dille Graveyard, in Secti 19, located on a hill near a strip of woodland. Some burials are yet made thei MAD RIVER TOWNSHIP. 171 < iervvise it is about iu the same condition as the Kemp ground. The Harshman liaveyard is located in the northeast corner of Section 23, on the ground given 1 Jonathan Harshman, about 1833, for burial purposes. The first interment was nde in August, 1834, in the person of Mary H. Gorman, wife of George Gor- nn, and daughter of Jonathan and Susannah Harshman. The graveyard con- ins probably one-half acre of land, one half of which is the Harshman lot, Hosed by a neat ii’on fence and marked by a handsome granite monument. SCHOOLS. One of the very early schoolhouses erected in this township was the one ' own and designated as the Kemp Schoolhouse,” built in the year 1815. This Vs a log building, and stood on Section 22, a little south of the graveyard. One re of ground was donated Ity Lewis Kemp, November 7, 1815, upon which to i ate a graveyard and school, and the house was built by subscription, the fol- l/ing-named persons r nes : J eph Kemp •fob Kemp Inert Me Reynolds > nry Robinson, in plank .J eph and John Rencli. . I m Jordan livid Reneli Jam Gerlougli, Jr Jin Rike Jnes Gillespie 1 n Roby J n M. Kaig bob Trueman J ob Caley 1 nard Broadstreet The deed and subscription list is in the possession of George Kemp, of Day- tv, from whom we gathered the above items, and Isaac Kemp was the first hpker who taught school in that building. Another early' schoolhouse built prior 8 1 5. stood on the George Newcom tract, in the north part of Section 27, and ether was opposite the one now at Harshmanville, which is the third brick school elding erected on that site. A very early schoolhouse was erected in Section b,on land donated by Robert Coleman one of the pioneers of that locality. One bike earliest schoolhouses was located on the farm of Henry Robinson, and was Mjwn as the “ Robinson Schoolhouse.” Samuel Newcom and Norman Feun taught 'be at an early day. Many other schools were taught, of which mention might "made, but these will suffice to demonstrate the difficulties undergone by the Pipeer fathers of the Mad River Valley, for the purpose of giving their children aijeducation, even be it ever so crude and meager. Those schoolhouses were not Jthe modern type, common to every district in Ohio, but rude log structures, Jby of them with slab floors, seats and desks, and greased paper windows ; in A, the pioneer cabin so often described bv the writers of the pioneer days. The bnskip can now boast of six school disti’icts, and a fractional district, four of • T bh contain handsome two-storied brick buildings, of two rooms each, with two f ibers, while Districts No. 3 and 6 have neat oue-storied brick structures of one '< n each. In the last school year, there has been expended for education in Mad ler Township, the sum of $3,948.12, which speaks well for the enterprise of its Aple. CHURCHES. The close proximity of this township to Dayton and other church points '(Hints, perhaps, for the absence of any church building within its boundaries. 7 e settled one of the first preachers of Montgomery County, viz., William Hamer, u : meetings were held in private houses and school buildings by the Methodists subscribing the amount set opposite their respective .$6 00 . 6 00 . 6 00 . 2 00 . 4 00 . 2 00 . 1 00 . 3 00 . 1 25 . 2 00 . 2 50 . 1 25 . 1 50 . 621 . 4 00' Jonathan Harshman $8 00 Alexander Snodgrass 2 00 Jacob Rothamel 2 00 Henry Butt 1 00 Isaac Kemp 1 25 David Kemp 1 25 William Krise 1 50 Samuel Oyler 1 25 John Cyphers 1 25 Mean & Bell, in stone 2 50 George Newcom 2 00 J. E. Cottingliam 1 25 William Owens, two days work, or 2 50 Samuel Heffley, one gallon whisky 75 172 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. and New Lights, who were the most numerous until the advent of the Shaker who were recruited principally from former Presbyterians. A full account of th society will be found in Van Buren Township history. William Robinson, Presbyterian preacher, who settled in Mad River in 1800, no doubt held meetin; in this township at an early day, as he preached in Dayton and Beavertown to tl Presbyterians and New Lights. Outside of the above facts, there is nothing relate about the religious history of Mad River, and, therefore, nothing can ! written. MILITARY CAMPS. In the war of 1812, Camp Meigs was located on Section 80, north of Mi River. It was from this point that Gen. Hull started on the march which end< with his disgraceful surrender at Detroit. An old settler has told us that win Hull’s army moved north, the wolves, which had previously been very troubl some, followed in the army’s track and never returned, which led him to sugge that, perhaps, they also had surrendered to the British. In the summer of 136 Camp Corwin was located on “ Hamer’s Hill,” in Section 29, near the railro; crossing and Hydraulic. Thus Mad River Township has become somewhat noted having been selected as a camping ground in two wars, by which fact it will ev be remembered as closely identified with the Nation’s history, and those b gigantic struggles in the cause of freedom, and for the preservation of nation life. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. The political complexion of Mad River has never been very decided, the vo sometimes going Democratic and again Whig, Know-Nothing or Republican, the last Presidential election, Garfield carried the township by a small majoril The following gentlemen have served as officials of Mad River since its organic tion in 1841 up to the present, some of whom have occupied the position sever consecutive terms, while others have had intervals between their terms of sfervii JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. John Snodgrass, Augustus C. Miller, Jonas Simmons, William Shroyer, Jon Simmons, Henry Morse, Charles S. Allen, Z. G. Weddle, James Kelly, J. McLs Smith, John Stroup. TOWNSHIP CLERKS. Irwin Snodgrass, Benjamin Wagner, W. J. Harker, J. F. Snodgrass, Benjan Wagner, Joseph Dille, Jacob Wagner, A. W. Eaton, Lewis A. Kemp, J. W. Ken Christian Rohrer, J. W. Kemp, James M. Keefer. TOWNSHIP TREASURERS. Jonathan Harshman, Jr., Henry Lewton, Jonathan Harshman, John Sn< grass, William Harries, Samuel Rohrer, Archibald Butt, Josephus Dille, Z. G Wi tile, Archibald Butt, A. B. Mohler, Josephus Dille, William P. Huffman, Sami R. Harshman, William P. Huffman, Samuel R. Harshman. VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 173 VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. C HE history of this civil subdivision of Montgomery Count} - is, to a great extent, identical with that of the city and township of Dayton ; fourteen sections, lole and fractional, or nearly one half of the territory included within its present mndaries, were originally a part of the famous tract known as “ the seventh and bjhtli ranges,” which were the scenes of the operations of Patterson, Ludlow, Day- n, Cooper, and others. A faithful perusal of the “ field notes.” of the surveys made by Col. Israel Lud- w, in the years 1802 and 1803, develops the fact that there were no less than irty-five or thirty-six different tracts of land in what is now Yan Buren Town- ip that were known as “ pre-emption ” tracts ; this is a fair indication of the ex- nt of the settlements at that date, as pre-emption in those days implied an actual sidence by the person or persons in whose names the lands were held. The Miami River was the great frontage for nearly all the early settlements the county, and especially those which were made at and near Dayton as a com- on center, immediately after the arrival of the permanent colony in 1796 ; that portion of the lands now included in Yan Buren Township were selected and oc- pied by members of that first band of pioneers is evident from the relative situ- iion, the traditions of to-day, and the meager and somewhat obscure records which e now available. D. C. Cooper appears to have held several tracts of laud here and there in the wnship, as his name is entered upon the early records as one of the “ original oprietors.” Job Westfall settled on a sixty-acre lot in fractional Section 13, >wn 1, Range 7 ; this was down on the river road near where the residence of e late Leonard Miller now stands. Col. Ludlow’s field notes mention this as “ a rge improvement.” Another settlement was made on the river just above the estfall lot, and adjoining it ; these lands seem to have been pre-empted by J ames d Abraham Barnett, but were sold to James Adam Miller, Sr., in 1816. Miller me from Schuylkill County, Penn., and settled, as above stated, in 1816. His ns were Daniel, John, Leonard, Jonathan and John Adam, Jr. This property now mainly in the hands of the descendants of the first Mr. Miller. A settler named Dean was located on a small lot on the river, north and east the Catholic Cemetery. One of the very early settlers in the Dayton Colony is John Folkerth ; he owned land where the Insane Asylum now stands, and /ed in that vicinity until his death. He was a prominent business man in Day- n for many years. In 1797, Smith Gregg, a native of Pennsylvania, emigrated the present site of Shakertown, settling on Beaver Creek, where he remained itil 1814, when he removed his family to what is now Butler Township, where he tered a tract of 160 acres of land. Mr. Gregg served in the war of 1812. His fe was Sarah Ramsey, who, too, was a native of the Keystone State. Their chil- jen were James, Martha, Margaret, John, William, D. H., Andrew, Smith, Julia, izabeth and Sarah. One of the earliest points settled in Yan Buren Township was in the vicinity what is now known as Beavertown. Ebenezer Wead came from near Lexing- n, Ky., in 1798 ; he entered lands in Section 24 (fractional), Town 2. Range 6. at e United States Land Office in Cincinnati in that year, and in the following year ■ made it his permanent home, having begun some improvements in 1798. His ns were : (1) John, born in Kentucky, married Sarah Schotfe ; their children were oenezer, James, John, David, Fannie, Elizabeth and Margaret. David is now Hng near Beavertown. (2) Robert, born in Kentucky, was a tailor by trade, and me with his father in 1799 : worked in Dayton, and as a journeyman “from 174 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. house to house,” until. 1805, when he purchased eighty acres of land of John F kerth, where the asylum is now located ; this he settled on and improved, and aft ward added to, until lie owned 320 acres. He married first, Jane Gibson ; seeoi Mary Gibson (a sister to the first Mrs. Wead), and became the father of ten el dren, viz., John S., Ebenezer G., William M., James W., Samuel, Joseph Mary Eliz'a W., Harriett P. and Margaret. John S. Wead is now living on a fine farm the southeast quarter of Section 32, Town 2, Range 7, and is the only member that family of Weads now living in Van Buren. Two of the Weads, James and Ebenezer, were “out” in the war of 1812 Two other settlers, named Musselman and Shell came about the same ti that the Weads came and settled near them, in the neighborhood of Beavertov James Riddles settled on Section 30 (fractional), directly west of the We settlement. His son James, Jr., went with the Wead boys into the army 1812. John Bradford, Sr., came in 1801, and located first north of the Wead pla in Town 2, Range 7. His sons were Robert, George S., John, Jr., James William, Samuel D., David D., and Allen. The descendants of this pioneer s among the most numerous in the township. Adam Coblentz settled on fractional Section 36, Town 2, Range 6, in the yr 1807. John Shroyer, from Maryland, came in 1810, and located near Beavertown John Pough, was a Marylander, and settled in the township in 1813, liavii purchased 160 acres of land. John Ervry was one of the pioneers who came some time during the ye 1810, he was east of Beavertown. David Stutzman came from Washington County, Md., to Greene Conn 1 Ohio, in 1811, in 1813 he settled in Van Buren. His sons were Jacob, David, J Andrew, Nicholas, John and Abram. David Stutzman, Sr., died at his home Van Buren in 1824. John is one of the well-known and prosperous farmers the township, and delights to recall old pioneer incidents ; the writer is indebt to him for many facts. David, Thomas and Asa John were quite early settlers near Shakerfcow The family were of Welsh extraction, and came about 1812, after having lived Pennsylvania and in Kentucky, from which latter State they moved to Vi Buren. Among the early settlers and proprietors of the township, the following ha been picked up here and there, during an effort to learn the details of the pione history of Van Buren. There is, no doubt, more or less of an interesting sto connected with each, but time and the changes it has wrought, have obliterated traces of the varied experiences of these sturdy frontiersmen, so much so fch even the traditions are doubted by the people of to-day, in many instances. Samuel Bowsher, James and Daniel Baxter, John Booner, Michael Bun, Ralph Braddock, Owen Davis, Robert Edgar, John Elwood, George Erie berg' Richard and Robert Gray, William George (a surveyor), Charles Morgan, Mioha Hager, Lewis Leshlider, Joseph Wilson. John Weaver, David Riffle, Robert Ewii (a surveyor). David Warman, from Fredrick County, Md., settled about two miles south Dayton, in 1805 ; he has two sons and four daughters. Edward Newcom, a native of Ireland, and a brother of Col. George Newcoi bought 160 acres of land of a Mr. Huston, and settled on it in 1810. He was tl father of ten children, two of whom, Charles and Edward Newcom, Jr., still resit in the township. Since the above was written Edward, Jr., died, his death occur riDg suddenly, March 23, 1882. Leonard Snepp and family came to Van Buren about 1805. His sons wen Philip, Rheinhart, John, Daniel and Peter. VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 175 ' James Magrew, an Irishman, came with his family about the same year 805). He was a first-claSs citizen and good neighbor. Charles Smith and family were among the pioneers. Jacob Coblentz is said to have been an earty settler, though the name may be nfounded with that of Adam Coblentz, who has been mentioned. Philip Kike came from Maryland in the fall of 1812, and settled in the middle kthern portion of the township. The next spring he bought 172 acres in the' uthwest quarter of Section 23, Town 2, Range 6, for which he paid $1,400. It ' supposed that he purchased this of Samuel Bowsher. This pioneer was the ther of six children, five sons and one daughter, of whom J. W. Rike, now liv- y on the old farm, is the eldest ; he relates that he attended school at Beaver- ura and had to pa}^ $1.50 per quarter for tuition. At the time of ’the elder ke’s purchase of this land there was only about thirty acres improved, and a log 1 rn on the premises. Five or six other families moved west in company with Rike, when he came, in 1812. Abraham Hozier came from Virginia, in 1806-7. He entered his laud, which 1 s located in the southeast quarter of Section 23, Town 2, Range 6. Hozier was t! father of thirteen children. Abner Prugh came from Maryland, in 1812. He remained four years and turned ; in 1816, he settled permanently in this township ; he was the father of ( yen children, of whom five were sons. The Prugh familj’ are among the most ; merous and influential citizens of this township at present. Among those who settled at a later date, but while the county was yet in a i mitive condition, were John and Vandivier Moler. They came from Jefferson < unty, W. Va. Vandivier Moler came in 1823, and bought land of Huston in Etion 17, Town 2, Range 6. This gentleman relates many interesting incidents > icerning the social and religious habits of the people in those early days. He v| a blacksmith by trade and used to “ change work” with his neighbors, i. e., he v aid leave his plow and go into his shop to do a job, while his customer would f w for him. He says the practice of helping each other was so common and s extensive that “ if a man managed to do two daj's’ work in a week on his own d, he considered himself fortunate all kinds of heavy work was done by a ye," and woe be to the luckless settler who tried to evade the turn-out. Mr. Moler was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and was one of t early opponents of the common use of liquor at the “ bees,” and upon other oasions. Upon one occasion it was given out that Moler’s wheat might rot on ! ground if he refused to furnish liquor for harvesting ; he partially conceded a ! offered 12| cents per day more for hands that would not drink than for those did. Next season he resolved to use no liquor at any price. His opponents red they would not help him, and gave out word to that effect ; the report -lied the ears of a stalwart stonemason named James Dean, who lived in Day- " He was as much of a temperance man as Moler, so he made up a party of h own kind and surprised Mr. Moler by appearing, sickles in hand, to harvest his " iat ; the result was that Moler’s grain was harvested as soon as that of his nfehbors, and that without the use of whisky. Some of those who had opposed ‘ movement, when they saw how promptly Dean and his party had accomplished Jr task, engaged them to harvest in their fields also, but upon going to the house 1 discovering a bottle of liquor on the breakfast table, Dean came out and re- cked, “ She’s there, boys,” whereupon himself and friends started for Dayton, i dug the bottle and its friends to do their own harvesting. Produce was worth little or nothing iu those daj’S. Mr. Moler says he ex- Viged two and one-half bushels of wheat for one pound of coffee, with Jonathan uphman, of Dayton. Corn and oats, and ordinary products, were worth nothing, Pe being no market for anything but wheat, and not much of one for that. dame was plenty as late as 1825. The same gentleman says : “ Wild turkeys "'e plenty ; one Sunday morning, a large flock of them lighted on the fences 176 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. close to the house ; there was a loaded rifle standing close by, but I did not use it though the temptation was strong, so I says to them, ‘ you dare not come to morrow.’ ” The house of Mr. Moler was a place of meeting for the Methodists for severa : years ; when the crowd was too great, the}' moved to the barn, or out into thi woods. Mr. Moler is now living in Dayton. He is in his eighty-fifth year. John Moler came a year or two later than his brother, but settled across th< line in Greene County, where he now resides ; he is ninety-four years of age. SHAKERTOWN. This is the common appellation which distinguishes one of the oldest and bes conducted neighborhoods in Montgomery County. Few persons know it by an other name, or that it has a history as old almost as Dayton, or Lebanon. On th old maps it was called “ Watervliet,” on the records of the society it is denominate! the United Society of Believers of Watervliet, and is thus mentioned* “Thi Beaver Creek settlement, where the church is now located, was commenced in th I year 1800, by emigrants from Kentucky, mostly from Bethel Congregation, on the North Elkhorn, between Georgetown and Lexington. “John Pattei'son and family came in 1799, and spent the winter on the Grea Prairie* (where he had raised a crop the summer before) and in the followin spring he moved his family to this place (Shakertown). “John Huston, a single man, entered a quarter section about the same tim< | In the spring of 1801, John Buchanan came with his family. James Milligan an William Stewart and their connection came in 1803 ; all these being respectabl | members of the Presbyterian Church, united with others and formed a congreg: tion called Beulah, and were taken in charge of the Presbytery, and supplied wit occasional preaching in common with others. “ This congregation became much interested in the reports of the great reviva which took place in Kentucky, in the year 1809, and expressed frequent desirt for an extension of the work to Beulah. “ Richard McNamer came to Turtle Creek, near Lebanon, in November, 180 on Ins return from a meeting of the Presbytery, at Cincinnati, Ohio. The vvor began at an evening meeting at Elder Francis Bedles. * * * * “ In 1802, McNamer moved to Turtle Creek, and from there he preached i various places.” The first public meetings at Beulah were held about the last of May, 1802 , : Janies Patterson’s house. In June, 1803, a camp-meeting was held under tl general leadership of Robert Marshall, of Kentucky. He was assisted by Jam* Kemper, Richard McNamer and John Thompson. The most notable thing connected with this meeting was a division of tl people upon a question of doctrine. Kemper was a sober-minded Calvinist, ai: was supported and followed by a portion of the assembly. “ On Saturday, Kemper preached from Isaiah, xxii chapter and 23d vers Making predestination the nail in a sure place. On Sabbath morning, Marsh: followed, and literally fulfilled the context (verse 25) to that extent that Kei per and his followers retreated homeward.” The result of this division was the establishment of a church or- society und Kemper, and the preliminary organization of the Shaker Church at Watervliet. In March, 1806, the society was visited by the celebrated revivalists, knov as Isachar and Benjamin, who completed the organization of the Watervliet peop Concerning the individuals who were connected with the early history ot tl society, the record informs us that “ In 1805, John Huston, a wheelwright by tray opened his mind and became a firm supporter of the faith.” Phoebe Pattersoi Peggy Buchanan, William and Sally Stewart, James and Betsey Milligan, pa Stewart (a sister of John Patterson) and John Southard ; these were associat From the old Review Book in the possession of Elder Moses Eastwood. VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 177 or meetings, and John Stewart appointed first in care (or Elder) ; he held the )Iace two years and about four months. In 1806, three principal families, viz., James Milligan’s, John Patterson’s and Wiliam Stewart’s, formed the main head of the society at Water vliet. This was Allowed (1807) by an etfort to found a society up on the waters of Mad River, but his never flourished to any great extent, and was finally abandoned. John Eastwood “opened his mind” in July, 1807; in August following, )aty, his wife, “ opened her mind,” and the family became a part of the society ; our of the sons remained in it, and one of them, the venerable Moses Eastwood, S now “first in care,” or Elder, at Watervliet. James and Pegg} r Dewit and David Grommau and wife, joined in 1808 ; lenjamin Simonton and family, and Alexander Hughey and family in 1812 ; lolm Rue and family iu 1813 ; John Davis and family in 1814 ; John Jackson ,nd family in 1815 ; Thomas Williams came in 1816 ; William Philips and family :ame in 1821. Other families and individuals came to the society in after years, vhile others removed from it, or changed their faith. The industry of the members is directed to general husbandry, mainly, ikeep-raising and wool-growing was at one time the principal interest, and other arieties of live-stock have been raised within the last few years. G-arden seeds fere formerly raised to a considerable extent. There is on the premises a carding- uill, where more or less woolen fabrics are produced yearly. In 1812, a grist- uill was put in operation ; this was burned and rebuilt, and again destroyed by ire, since which it has not been reconstructed. The society owns about eight hundred acres of excellent land ; this is highly mproved and well cultivated. The principal buildings are near each other on an levated ridge of land overlooking the valley of Beaver Creek and some of its ributaries. There is an air of neatness about the whole establishment that trongly impresses the visitor with the cardinal qualities of “ order, cleanliness md quiet,” There are at present (1882) about forty or fifty persons connected with the ociety. They have a school of their own, and a place of worship, and are main- lining their original standing, so far as numbers and form of worship are con- :erned. The records of the society are few and simple, yet the chain is unbroken for \ period of about eighty years, and affords much information upon the obscure abject of the every-day life of the people of that neighborhood, when it was a fioneer settlement. “david’s” church. This is the name given to a society of worshipers who assemble in the south- ern part of the township, on the Lebanon Turnpike, in what is called the Creager leighborhood. About the year 1825 or 1826, a society of “Reformed Church” people, hat had been organized for some years previous to the above date, became livided upon the question of language. A part of the congregation were G-er- nan and a part English. The Germans were opposed to having the services ■endered in the English tongue; so those who were desirous of having English jervices, united and formed a church of their own. The original church was known as Zion Church, and was located down on he Bottom-land, near the river, but across the line in Miami Township. The new society was organized by Rev. David Winters, and assembled at /arious private houses for worship, until a place of meeting was provided, imong the prominent movers in this enterprise were Lewis Lechlieder, Henry like and John Rike, his son, Samuel Himes, Jonathan Whipp, Henry Diehl, lenry and Christian Creager, a family named Hork, the Snyders, and others. Christian Creager was the first Elder. He gave the land for the new church, ■md the logs to build it with. He was a carpenter by trade, and did the necessary u 178 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. work in that line, while others contributed in various ways, so that they soon ha a church of their own. This was named “ David’s ” Church, in honor of Re’ David Winters, who was the first pastor, and for over fifty years the only one wh labored with them. The present pastor is the Rev. M. Loucks. The present church building is of brick. It is finely situated in a quiet spo not far from the main road. It was built in 1850 or 1851. Adjoining the churc lot is the “ Creager ” burying-ground, a well-ordered rural cemetery, which is continuation of one of the early graveyards of the same locality. BEAVERTOWN. This is the name of a small village about five miles southeast from the cour house in Dayton ; it is one of the oldest points in Van Buren Township, and wa formerly known as Buddsbury. Ephraim Arnold, a blacksmith by trade, cam from Maryland about 1807, and settled in Dayton, where he remained until 181; when he located where Beavertown now is ; it is related that he, with other were building his cabin, when the news of Hull’s surrender came — just at tl time they were sawing out the logs for the “ chimney hole,” and all hands starte at once for Dayton, leaving the saw sticking in the “ kerf,” where it remaine three or four days, until the party returned. Arnold was a clever mechanic, and was pressed into the service at Dayton, t repair arms, etc., for the troops ; he returned in a short time and commenced wor at his trade. It is altogether probable that he was the first blacksmith who ev< worked in Van Buren Township, and the first settler in what is now Beavertowi this cabin, which was so suddenly deserted, being the first building erected in thi village. Arnold owned but six acres of land, and was the father of a family < seven or eight children, all but one of whom were girls. He died at the age c eighty-four. The first physician who located at Beavertown was Dr. Sample ; his son is no in business in Dayton, as a dentist. Dr. Sample is also supposed to have bee the first resident practitioner in the township of Van Buren. Dr. Thomas Himes opened a general store in Beavertown in 1836 or 183' but the venture did not prove successful. There are two stone quarries near the village, at one of which the stone fc the “ locks” on the canal were taken out, about 1826 to 1828; this quarry ws then owned by Jacob Lechlieder. The other quarry was opened by John Wea< about forty years ago ; it was never worked very extensively, except for one yea when Hamilton Count} 7 had it leased, and employed about one hundred hands i its working. Beavertown was a post office at one time, but it was abolished about twent years since, and the mails are received at Dayton and distributed by the voluatar service of those who chance to go back and forth between the two towns, The first church building at Beavertown was a stone structure, erected i 1823 ; it was used jointly by the United Brethren and the “ New Lights.” Nafcha Worley was an early preacher of the latter denomination. Dr. Antrins was on of the first ministers who represented the United Brethren here ; others who cam later were Rev. Huffman, Rev. Crager, etc. This old stone church was vacated i 1853 ; the building was destroyed by fire about twenty-five years ago. The United Brethren Society, as has already been stated, was formed quit early, and has had a long and successful career. In 1853, the society erected a fin brick church building on a lot purchased in Beavertown, since which time importai additions have been made, sheds erected, grounds improved, etc., until they have pleasant and commodious place of worship. The continuous details of this churc history are not at hand now, but it is known to Rave accomplished a goo work among the people whose sentiments it represents ; its membership at pref ent amounts to about 100 persons. The third house in Beavertown is said to have been a brick building ; it wa^ uilt by James Dean. VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 179 Arnold’s old log house was torn down only a few years ago. There appears to have been a log schoolhouse at Beavertown at quite an arly date, it was on the northwest part of the land owned by John Stutzman ; e relates that he attended a school taught by John Russell, and paid about $2 r $2.50 per scholar for tuition. A man named Thompson was the next teacher, ind he was followed by another teacher named Robert Charles. About 1820, the public schools were established, and of course schoolhouses 'ere provided. There was one at Beavertown, either by purchase or construc- on, as the meetings were held in the “ schoolhouse” before the old stone church as built (in 1823), according to the traditions of to-day. The cemetery east of Beavertown* is without doubt the oldest place of inter- lent in Yan Buren. By perusing the account of the Shaker Society (Watervliet) will be seen that the followers of Kemper went off by themselves ; it is under- ood now that these people continued to assemble together at a place not far om where this cemetery is, and that it was a place of burial before the ground at r atervliet was so used; from the character of the memorial stones in the ground is fair to infer that it is the most ancient one in the township. The Beavertown of to-day contains about 175 inhabitants, with the usual imber of business places, and mechanics generally found in like villages. J. R. purbray is the maternal grandson of Arnold, the pioneer blacksmith ; he learned at trade and followed it for many years, when he engaged in the grocery trade, je is one of the foremost men of his community in social matters. The United Presbyterian Church is one of the oldest in this portion of Mont- nnery County. It is said to have been organized in Bellbrook about 1804 to- ;06, and was originally known as a “ Seceder” Church. Its first place of worship is a log building at the above-named place. Rev. Robert Armstrong was the first ,stor. Some years later it was moved into the Bigger neighborhood in Greene funty, and about 1871-72 it again changed its location, and the congregation ected the present edifice on grounds given by P. L. Prugh, who now owns the •m of which this church lot was formerly a part. Rev. J. B. McMichael was pastor until about the time the society removed to present location, when he accepted the Presidency of Monmouth College, inois, which position he yet holds. Rev. W. S. McClure is the present pastor. The church building is a snug, one-story brick structure, and cost $4,000. MILLS. The first mill in Yan Buren was a £ - corn cracker,” built and operated by 1). Cooper. It is mentioned in the count}' history in connection with the history - Dayton and the first colony. ' There was a carding-mill on the same site, after the corn cracker was demol- ied. This carding-mill appears to have been built about 1814 by one Patterson. iis was burned, and he built a stone mill about 1816, near where the car stables The Shakers built a mill on Beaver Creek in an earl}' day, as is related in the ' 'on lit of that society. The Snyder Mills are in the southwest part of the township, and were built nsr the canal was constructed, in 1827-28, or may be a year or two later. There have been several steam mills, of one variety or another in the township. 1 they have no particular history worth transcribing, though, of course, such *' erprises mark the progress of a territory. TOPOGRAPHY, ETC. The general surface of Yan Buren Township is rolling, with level and wide fctom lands along the water-courses. The exceptions to this are the high bluff- 1- ridges and spurs which mark the water-shed between the Great and Little * Formerly known as the “ Ervry” Graveyard. 180 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Miami Rivers. These elevations are, in a general way, parallel to the course o the Great Miami, and are distant from that stream from one and one-half mile: to only a few rods in places. There are also a few isolated hills of moderate height, and others of much less altitude scattered over parts of the townshij These form excellent building sites, being, for the most part, of easy access on. al sides. These knolls or hillocks are composed of drift, and yield an abundance o gravel, which, with the limestone before mentioned, afford all the oonvenien materials for the improvement of the public roads. This has been utilized by tin people of this township to that extent that the common roads are, in many cases as well provided with good “ permanent ways ” as the turnpikes of some locality are. The township is watered and drained by several creeks, the principal on being Beaver Greek and its tributaries. These streams flow into one or the othel of the Miamis. The civil township of Van Buren was organized from other territory by a act of the Commissioners of Montgomery County, at a special session held Jur. 26, 1841, at which time its boundaries were fixed and provision made for the elei tion of township officers, and such other business transactions as became nece sary in the case. The township contains an area of about twenty-four or twenty-five squa: miles ; nearly the entire portion of this is of the best quality, and is highly ir proved. Portions of the area are underlaid by valuable formations of fine lim stone, which are extensively quarried for building purposes. This creates i important industry, and contributes materials for roads and turnpikes, and oth public improvements. Van Buren is said to have been named in honor of President Martin Vi Buren. The story goes, that there were two political parties pretty evenly tii in numbers, at the election of the first Justice of the Peace, or some other officei! and it was agreed that the party who polled the most votes should have the self tion of the name. The Van Buren men were ahead, and decided accordingly. The entiremorthern part of the township is, to a great extent, a suburb Dayton. There are several points of interest, which will be treated of elsewhe that are located in this township. The Catholic Cemetery, Saint Mary’s Jnstitu Southern Ohio Asylum for the Insane, etc., are among the number. Oakwood is a suburb finely situated on the Lebanon Turnpike, on the big lands immediately south of Dayton. The Canal, and the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railro traverse the western end of the township, on the level ground, between the riv j and the ridges. The new Narrow Gauge Railroad line runs through the eastf portions, near Beavertown, and across the Watervliet Society’s lands, so that th<] is hardly a farm now, in Van Buren, that is out of sight or hearing of the lo< motive, and the progress it represents. The public schools have the usual history common to those of every part Ohio. There are seven school districts, with an equal number of modern schc houses, where schools are maintained during the regular school year provided the systems of the State. In February, 1882, there were twelve teachers in public schools of this township, which, at the date of the last enrollment, c< tained 603 children of “ school age,” all of whom are white persons. TOWNSHIPS, CITIES, TOWNS AND VILLAGES. Number of Acres. Value of Land. Acreage val. of land. Value of buildings. Aggregate value of lands and buildings. Averaj vaiue rj acre, inc ing built i Van Buren Township. . . . 16,017 $1,000,891 $62 49 $192,080 $1,192,971 $74 | . Total 16,017 $1,000,891 $192,080 $1,192,971 VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 181 TOWNSHIPS, CITIES, TOWNS AND VILLAGES. Value of city, town and village lots. Value of buildings. Aggregate value of lots and buildings. Aggregate value in each town’hp, city, town or vil’ge Aggr. val. of real estate on duplicate of 1880. No. acres ot arable or plow land. No. acres uncultiv’d or Wood land. $1 355 346 $1,093,380 13,906 2,111 $3,553 33,560 $9,776 15,386 $13,339 48,946 Total $37,113 $25,163 $63,375 $1,255,346 $1,093,280 13,906 2,111 The above exhibit is from the Decennial Appraisement of real property for 880 . STONE QUARRIES. One of the elements of wealth that has ever contributed to the prosperity of he city of Dayton in the past, and which will for ages be a source of great in- ome to her people, are the rich stone fields of Yan Buren Township. Within a ladius of probably two miles in the north central part of the township are located re stone of Montgomery County, as the celebrated Dayton stone, or Dayton larble, as it is sometimes styled, are here quarried. With the incoming of the resent century began the opening of these quarries. Operations were first begun i the northern part of the radius above described, and, in what later was known s the “Dickey quarry,” and, probably, the first quarrying was done, or the first se of the stone made in the construction of the old Frybaurgei House, the first milt of that material in the township. The next quarry opened was on the ad- pining farm, owned by Valentine Frybarger, and has always been known as the J'rybarger quarry, adopting the name of its possessor, who was one of the pio- eers of that region, and a prominent citizen of the county. But a few years in- ervened between the opening of these quarries, which were extensive, though now xhausted. The Dickej r quarry was the larger of the two, a surface of about venty acres having been worked over, and perhaps 120,000 perch of stone taken jut. In comparison the Frybarger quarry was about one-half the size of the >ickey quarry, with a proportionate yield of stone. From these two quarries aine the stone used in the construction of the locks of the canal, and the Dayton hurt House, which has been so greatly admired by visitors from all quarters to le beautiful city. The yield of these quarries in money has amounted to at last a half million of dollars. The stone was fair but not excellent. In chro- ological order next, was opened the Fauver Quarry, located near the asylum, ome eighteen acres have been worked over, and extensive quantities of good tone removed. From this quarry probably come the largest stone of the towu- uip, and are used extensively for steps and platforms. The quarry continues to ’e worked. Another quarry, though not exhausted, but from which now no stone re taken out, is located on the Wead Farm, and, consequently, is known as the fead quarry. The Hamilton County Court House at Cincinnati was constructed f stone quarried on this farm, the Commissioners of that county having leased ie quarry. The Wead Quarry is not now worked, for the reason that its working attended with difficulties. Adjoining the Fauver on the east is the Bosler quarry, now worked by Mar- is Bosler. This is a continuation of the old Harshman quarry, and from it and ie William Huffman quarry are exhumed the very best Dayton building stone, he two quarries ax*e now furnishing the beautiful large stone that are used in the instruction of the new Dayton Court House, the greater number being taken from ie Huffman quarry. Following the Bosler quarry was opened the Jones or firing Summit quarry, lying east of the asylum and about a half a mile from the irporation line of the city. The farm upon which it is situated in size is com- rised of forty acres of land, about twenty acres of which are underlaid with the ayton limestone, and is the property of L. B. Jones, of Dayton. This quarry hs taken its name from its position lying on the dividing ridge between the two fiamis, and the waters of the springs found upon the east side flow into the Little 182 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Miami, and those upon the west side contribute their waters to the Big Miami hence, the name “ Spring Summit.” This quarry was remarkable some years ago for the quantity and quality of the rock taken out. It then showed a working face of 1,500 feet from north to south, which was much the largest face of any of the quarries. The average depth of drift or stripping as quarrymen say, for the 1,500 feet face, was about eleven feet, and was composed principally of yellow ■clay, now and then stratified with a vein of fine sand. The stone, at first, were of extra good quality and size, but they are now only of medium quality. Sam uel Fauver at present operates this quarry. The William Huffman quarry above referred to lies next to and west of the Jones quarry. The stone quarried there are similar to those quarried on the Bosler place. The Niagara formation consists in all cases of even-bedded limestones and marls, it is true, but the limestones have very different degrees of purity, while in- hardness, compactness, color and the presence or absence of fossil contents, they have a very wide range. The clebrated Dayton stone may lie assumed as the standard of excellence in this series. In the county the lower layers of the Niagara rocks are always the firm est and most valuable. The varying thickness of the formation in different localities has been given as from five to fifty feet. A number of firms in and about Dayton are engaged in quarrying the stone, and the aggregate of their operations is very' large. The supply of the rock is inexhaustible ; but the expense of transportation shuts out from the general market almost all of the quarries that are more than three or four miles from j Dayton. The stone has for years been shipped to many of the cities throughout jj the State and country. At this writing, from the quarries in general, above spoken of, are sent to Dayton and elsewhei’e daily, for eight or nine months in the year, about 200 perches of stone, worth about $800 per day, or $150,000 per year In the last half century, stone has been quarried from the township, amounting at J! least to $5,000,000 or $6,000,000. PART SECOND. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. CITY OF DAYTON. SAMUEL AUGUSTUS AMBROSE, plasterer, Dayton, was born near Pleasant nity, Westmoreland Co., Penn., Nov. 23, 1838. His ancestry on his father’s side was erman and English, on his mother’s English and German. Peter and Susanna Am- use, his father and mother, were in humble circumstances, and having a large family 'ten children to provide for, the services of all the children, as they became of suffi- 3nt age to render any assistance toward the support of the family, were required. Sam- il, the fifth child born to them, was accordingly called upon to assist in the support of is younger brothers and sisters, while yet a mere boy, consequently his opportunities ,r study and education, as far as school education is concerned, was very limited and iuch neglected. Thus his early boyhood passed till 1854, when with his parents he ligrated to Ohio, then the far West, and in December of the same year landed with s father’s family in the city of Dayton, Montgomery Co. The industrious habits formed iring his boyhood, before he came to Dayton, still prompted him to an active life, and, )king around for something to do, he sought employment and was engaged as a clerk r Messrs. Filton, Wilt & Filton, grain dealers and commission merchants, with whom : remained about one year, when a good opportunity offered for him to learn a trade, e left his employers and engaged to learn the plasterer’s trade, at which he served his 11 time and then worked as a journeyman plasterer until by the most rigid economy he d saved enough to pay his way through a collegiate course of study, and for that pur- se he entered the preparatory department of the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Dela- ire, Ohio. In school, as at his trade, he was never satisfied unless he stood among the jst in his class, and by his former habits of close application, industry, energy and tural ability, succeeded in keeping his name on the roll of honor during his school e at the university. He was one of the prominent members of the Zetagathean Lit- iry Society of the’ above institution, and in the frequent discussions and debates in e society always took an active part, and was always selected to champion the cause the weaker side, and generally proved a full match for his antagonist. Having en- - ed the school with a fixed purpose he made rapid progress in his studies, when the rur for the preservation of the Union” broke out and arrested him in his scholastic rsuits. He enlisted as a volunteer and served sixteen months, when he received an norable discharge, and was mustered out of service at Todd Barracks. He returned Dayton again, and while home married Miss Cornelia Anne Woll youngest daughter Dr. W. W. Wolf, May 15, 1865. He then began work for himself as a contractor d builder, and“ since that time has been one of the largest contractors in this city, i monuments of his ability, he points with pride to Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, p palatial residences of C. L. Hawes, Eugene Barney, T. T. Legler, and many others. ie breaking out of the rebellion made him an outspoken and fearless Republican, and 3 same principles remain with him to this day. In 1872, he was elected member of 3 City Council by the Republicans of the Fifth Ward, and proved himself a valuable mber of that body. Hardly a meeting passed that he did not get into an animated '■■mission with his colleagues upon some measure before the Council, and as he had a pe- 'lar way of presenting his facts like so many points sticking out on every side, his ntion was generally invulnerable, and he very rarely lost a cause whose interest he es- 186 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: poused while in his two years’ term with the City Fathers. He was again elected member for 1881-82 and is now an honored member of that body. He wields a causti pen, and in writing for the press presents his thoughts in a very plain, forcible mannei and is regarded a writer of much ability by those who know his nom de ■plume. He i in the prime of life, and, as he comes from a long-lived race, has many years in store i which he can succeed in carving his name high upon the roll of honor, if he will us the same energy and talent which characterized his early life. CHARLES H. ANDERTON, merchant, Dayton, was born in Dayton, Montgomer Co., Ohio, October 1 1, 1842. He is the son of James and Francis (Wilby) Anderton, wit were married in England and emigrated to America soon after. The father died in 185( but the mother still survives, having reached the age of four-score and one years. Charles our subject, attended the public schools of Dayton until twelve years of age and the clerked for his brother in a fruit store until April, 1862, when he opened a fruit stars for himself, on the northeast corner of Third and Main streets, in Dayton, where he ri mained until August, 1862, and then enlisted in Company A, Ninety-third Ohio Volui teer Infantry. He was in the engagements at Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Hidg where he was wounded in the wrist, and in many other minor engagements and ski mishes. At Danbridge, East Tenn., he was wounded in the right breast, in Januar 1864, but served until the close of the war, receiving his discharge in May, 1865. H was married April 10, 1867, to Miss Lucy Henderson, daughter of Eben and Mai Henderson, of Minooka, 111., by whom he has had three children, one girl and two boj only one of the latter surviving. Mr. Anderton is a member of Wayne Lodge, No, f I. 0. 0. F.; Dayton Encampment, I. 0. O. F.; Knights of Pythias, Legion of Hono Grand Army of the Republic, Old Guards, and ex-member of the National Guard He is also Chairman of the Republican County Central Committee. He served fr years in and was the organizer of Company A, Fourth Ohio National Guards, which that time was a Zouave company. He was a member of the old volunteer fire cor pany for seven or eight years, and of the paid company from 1865 to 1880. No high tribute can be paid to such a man than to thus show to the world his record. JOHN C. BAIRD, of firm of Baird Bros., owners planing mill, sash, door at blind factory, Dayton, was born at Somerset, Penn., April 30, 1819. His parents we Daniel and Annie M. (Kurtz) Baird, natives of the Keystone State. The former was carpenter and builder and cabinet maker. He was a soldier in the American army duriijj the war of 1812, and died September 15, 1876. aged eighty-three years and four month He was a man of strong constitution, very vigorous, and up to the time of his dea (caused by old age) never suffered a week’s sickness. His amiable helpmeet follow him to the “ shadowed land ’’December 16, 1879, aged eighty-one years and nit, months. They were the parents of eleven children, eight of whom yet survive T| subject of this sketch was reared amid the rocky hillsof Old Pennsylvania, and when si teen years of age commenced to learn the trade of his father, continuing with him 1 business for some years. When twenty-five years of age, he came to Dayton, where worked at his trade for quite a period. In the meantime, his brother, William F., hi visited the Valley City, and located there. The two brothers decided to embark in t busy and tempestuous sea of life, and, as both were practical mechanics, decided to < tablish their present business. They did so, under the firm name of Baird brc and have continued the business to the present time. Since coming to Dayton, & Baird was, for three years, engaged in the grocery business. He was married in early day, and buried a wife and child in October, 1843. His second marriage w solemnized in 1847, the second party to the contract being Susan Olive, a native Zanesville, Ohio. They have four children living — Charles H., William F., 1 'oret and Arthur— the eldest son and daughter being married. Mr. Baird and wife are me,; bers of the First Lutheran Church, the former having officiated as Deacon for some yea Mr. Baird joined the I. O. O. F., in August, 1845, and since that period has given mu of his time to the advancement of the order. He is a member of Wayne Lodge, 10, and Dayton Encampment, No. 2. During one State Encampment, at Portsmou Ohio, he was appointed and served as Grand Junior Warden. In the home lodge CITY OF DAYTON. 187 as devoted some time to committee work, and ably assisted in preparing a forty years’ fetoryof the lodge for publication. In politics, Mr, Baird is a strong Republican. Te served as Councilman from the Fifth Ward for two years, and was one of the com- mittee appointed to visit the Eastern cities to examine the different systems of fire rotection in use in each. He assisted in establishing the Holly system in Dayton, an pt of which he justly feels proud. ELTAM E BARNET, deceased, was born in Adams, Jefferson Co., N. Y., etober 14, 18U7. His parents were Benjamin Barney, a native of Guilford, Vt., and aocy Potter, of Connecticut. His father was a warm and active friend to education, id one of the principal movers in founding Union Academy, at Bellville, Jefferson Co., . Y., having contributed for this object very liberally, bch time and money. For lore than fifty years, this academy has been a vigorous and prosperous institution of arning. Both parents were earnest, active members of the Baptist Church, from early 'e till death. Having received a common-school education and acquired some experi- jlce as a teacher in winter schools, our subject was prepared for college at Lawville cademy, Lewis Co., N. Y., and at Union Academy, Bellville, in the same State. He ien entered the sophomore class, at Union College, Schenectady, from which he grad- ited in 1831. After teaching for a brief period in a family boarding school at Sand ake, N. Y., he became Principal of Lawville Academy, where he remained two years, eeting with great success. In the fall of 1833, he came to Ohio, and taught for six pnths in Granville College (now Dennison University), filling the place of Prof, rury, who had been elected, but had not yet arrived In the spring of 1834, he came Dayton and was Principal of the Daytm Academy from 1834 to 1838. The two cceeding years, he taught a private school for both sexes. His health failing, he re- lquished teaching, and during four years engaged in the lumber trade. In the mean- ne, the Cooper Female Academy had been established, and Mr. Barney was called to e charge of it as Principal, in 1845, and so continued until 1851. This closed his reer as a teacher, and after that time he was engaged in widely different pursuits, is teaching from first to last was attended with great success, and the occupation be- E one for which he seemed peculiarly fitted, in it he attained a high reputation. His ucation and the range of his information were ample, and he possessed the rare faeul- of communicating knowledge to his pupils. He seemed without difficulty to reach ib understanding and compel a ready apprehension of all he sought to teach. There e but few of his former pupils who will not say that he was the best of all their teach- i. His discipline was strict, but his kindness at the same time so manifest that he rnred alike their respect, affection and obedience. In the summer of 1850, in com- ny with Mr. E. Thresher, he started the Dayton Car Works. Their capital was lim- d and the business was carried on upon a moderate scale and prudently, but success- dy. In 1854, Mr. C. Parker succeeded Mr. Thresher in the firm, and from that time 1 1864 the business, which had greatly increased, was conducted undpr the firm name Barney, Parker & Co. Mr. Parker then sold out to Mr. Preserved Smith, the firm homing Barney, Smith & Co., and the business was thus continued until 1867. when 1 oint stock company was formed under the name of “ The Barney & Smith Manu- •turing Company of Dayton,” of which Mr. Barney was the President until his death, is company furnishes all kinds of cars for the railroads of the North, East, South d West. During nearly its entire history, Mr. Barney was the head of the estab- Umcnt, and to him is due the great success of the enterprise. He was a man of great £ hty, bold but prudent, clear headed, far sighted, energetic, systematic, practical and ‘troughly familiar with the business in general and in detail. Some years before his tilth, Mr. Barney, realizing the fact that our forests are rapidly disappearing and the vole country becoming denuded of its timber trees, and that the constant demand 1 timber would soon exhaust the present supply, and having his attention called j the valuable properties of the “catalpa,” a tree of quick growth and fiurnish- 1 timber of the most enduring quality, began the collection of information f )ecting the tree, and by correspondence, communications to the papers and T publication of pamphlets, he awakened a very wide-spread interest in the 188 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : subject. He had at his office various specimens of the catalpi wood, one o! which was from a post that stood in the ground for seventy-five years and which, with the exception of a very slight decay on the outside, was as perfect and sound as when sunk iu the earth. He had. also, numerous letters from foreign countries as well at all parts of the United States, making inquiries respecting the catalpa, commending inn in the most flattering terms for the interest he had taken in this important matter, am assuring him that bis efforts in that connection could not fail to be crowned with tin most valuable results, and be appreciated by future generations. If “ he who cause two blades of grass to grow where but one grew before ” is a benefactor to his race, ii an equally important sense is this true of a man who was instrumental in arousing th attention of nurserymen and agriculturists in the liberal cultivation of this most vilua ble timber tree, calculated, as it is, to furnish excellent lumber for future use. Mr. Bar ney was never an aspirant for public office. He was, however, President of the Daytoi Hydraulic Company from its organization, and was Vice President of the Second Nations Bank of Dayton, also a Director and the largest stockholder of the same. He was like wise for many years prominently connected with the First Baptist Church of Daytoi and for some twenty years a member of the Board of Trustees of Dennison University at Granville, Ohio (the Baptist college of the State), to which institution he has givei $50,000, the same being to endow two memorial Professorships. He also contribute very largely to various other enterprises connected with his denomination. On Qct< ber 10, 1834, he married Julia, daughter of Dudley Smith, of Galway, Saratoga Co N. Y , and six children, of whom five are living, were the issue of this marriage. M Barney departed this life on the 17th of December, 1880, and was buried in the beat tiful Woodland cemetery, with ceremonies befitting his rank in life. ERHAIID BAUMAN, baker, Dayton; was born in Bavaria, Germany, Ju 31, 1831, and emigrated to America in 1848. In April, 1855. he married Mary Fuel by whom he has had three sons and two daughters — Rose, Emma, Louis, Adolph 1 and Oscar. He was one of the first to strike his pick on the city gas works under o Mr. Wheelock. He worked at baking for W. W. Wold three years, and then coi menced the baking business for himself, in which he continued one year, and the with Mr. Wisemiller, started the brewery of Bauman & Wisemiller. He discontinui this in 1850, and commenced his present business at 437 West Third street, where 1 has since continued with marked success. His family are members of the Cathoi Church. ADOLPH L. BAUMAN, baker, Dayton ; was born in Dayton Nov. 29, 185 He is the son of Erhard Bauman, a baker of Dayton. He was reared and educati in the Catholic schools of the city, and when thirteen years of age learned the bakii business with his father. In 1877, he established his present business ; has succeeded building up a trade second to only one in the city. He was married, May 27, 1879, Caroline, a native of Dayton. IJhey have no children. Mrs. Bauman is a member Emanuel Catholic Church. FRANK BAUMHECKEL, butcher, Dayton ; was born in Bavaria January 1827. His father, John, was born in 1794, and his mother Katie in 1801. 'lb were born under the French Government, and the father became a soldier under Naf leon. Frank, our subject, came to America in 1843, and landed in New Orleans, wht he was during the Mexican war. In May, 1847, he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and, 1851, to Dayton, where he has since lived and plied his trade of butchering. He in; ried, Feb. 7, 1857, Miss Elizabeth Mack, daughter of Gottlieb, and Dora Mack, Dayton, by whom he has had the following nine children — Louisiana 'isince dea< : Louis M. (dead), Franklin Benjamin, William Tecumseh, Charles L. E., Geoi| Alexander Lafayette, Katie Elizabeth Isabelle, Florence Augusta Eugene, 0 Edward Gambetta. Mr. Baumheckel was a member of the City Council for 1809 a 1870, and Meat Inspector from 1868 to 1881. He is a member of Schiller Lodge, i 6, I. O. O. F.; Dayton Encampment, No. 2, I. O. O. F. ; St. John’s Lodge, No. Masonic; Unity Chapter, No. 16, Masonic; Reese Council, No. 9, Masonic; Ancii Order of Druids, Dayton Marrie, No. 14, Harugari, Shawnee Tribe Red Men, Butchi Association, Dayton Turners’ Society, and Miami Lodge, No. 6, A. O. U. W. CITY OF DAYTON. 189 DANIEL BECKEL was born Sept. 14, 1813, in Summerless, County Cornwall, ijanncell Parish, Eng. He was the sou of Richard and Susan Beckel. While he was et quite a youth, his father died, and his mother afterward married James Giddings. n 1829, when young Beckel was sixteen years of age, the family came to this country, ettling first in the city of Baltimore. Mr. Giddings, being a civil engineer, soon iecame engaged in the construction of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and, taking leckel as assistant, they so continued until 1835 or 1836, when they came to Tusea- awas County, Ohio. While living in that county, they were engaged upon the public forks, then in process of construction by the State. Afterward they became the con- tactors for, and constructed the great St. Mary’s Reservoir, for the Miami Canal. Yfter the completion of that work, Mr. Beckel came to Dayton, where he continued to eside until his death. He had already accumulated a handsome fortune for that day, ait, being full of energy and enterprise, he was not content to let it, or himself, remain die, but soon engaged in large and important undertakings, which proved profitable to liiuself, and greatly beneficial to the city. He was the projector of what is called the Jpper Hydraulic Basin, organized a company, in which he was a principal. He was he builder of the Commercial Mill upon the basin, now owned by S. Gebhart & Sons, nd in connection with William J. Lamme, operated it for several years. He also uilt the Ohio Block, Beckel Opera House, the Beckel House (hotel), and other valua- ble structures. He was at all times engaged in various business, in the manufacture of roolens and of flour, in the lumber trade, in the construction of railroads and turn- jiikes, and largely in banking. In connection with William Dickey and Joseph Clegg, |e established a private bank, which for many years enjoyed unlimited credit, and was favorite depository of money. Dickey and Clegg having withdrawn, a stringency in he money market in 1854 caused a run upon the bank, and his means being largely nvested in real estate and inconvertible securities, Mr. Beckel was compelled to sus- pend payment for a time ; but by his skillful management and great energy, he was nabled to pay all his liabilities, and save to himself a large property. He was almost he sole owner of the Miami Valley and Dayton Banks, and was Cashier of the latter, nd at one time President of the Dayton Insurance Company, of which he was one of he original organizers. In 1851, Mr. Beckel was elected to the House of Representa- ives of the Ohio Legislature, in which he served through two sessions, with the same bility that he had exhibited in all his business enterprises, and was an active, useful od influential member of that body. On Sept. 2, 1845, Mr. Beckel was married to a lost devoted and excellent woman, who still survives, Susan Harshman. They had welve children, of whom six were living at the time of his death. His oldest son, )aniel, was killed by accident not long after. The others are still living. On the 26th ay of February, 1862, Mr. Beckel died suddenly, from serous appoplexy, caused no loubt by overwork and over-tasking of the brain for years. Mr. Beckel had none of he advantages of early education or mental training, of study or extensive reading, (et he was a man of remarkable intellectual force. His whole attention was given to 'Tactical business, and in that his intelligence, the clearness of his understanding, his agacity and the soundness of his judgment, were recognized by all who came in con- act with him. He was capable of great things, as well as small, and looked at every cherne or undertaking in all its bearings ; having a thorough knowledge of all the lements of business. His strong will, untiring energy and boldness of enterprise, ;ader the favorable circumstances that existed in the years succeeding his death, would mdoubtedly have added much to his fortune, and made him, had he lived, a very yealthy man. He was large minded enough to know that the interests of the city of sis resideuce, and of the public generally, were also his interests, and he was noted for ns public spirit, being always ready and anxious to promote any public improvement or iseful enterprise. It is a common remark among those who knew Mr. Beckel that his eath was a great loss and misfortune to the city of Daytou. Mr. Beckel’s was a cor- pt, sober, earnest life. He had not time for much social intercourse ; but was of a ; enial and kind disposition, a good and generous friend, and an excellent husband and ather. 190 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: HENRY BEST (deceased) ; was born in Cincinnati Nov. 21, 1804, and died in Dayton Jan. 26, 1873, in the 69th year of his age. His father, Thomas, and his uncles, Samuel and Robert, were early pioneers of the “ Queen City-.” His parents, Thomas and Margaret, moved during his infancy to Lebanon, Warren Co. Ohio, where Henry was reared and learned the jeweler’s trade of his father. In 1828, he located in Dayton, where for forty-five years he plied his trade with that industry sc characteristic of the early inhabitants of our land. He was of a quiet, unassuming disposition and very retiring in manners. With no aspirations for office, he seemed tc shrink from publicity; but was a lover of nature and its solitude. He was a confirmed devotee of piscatorial amusement, and lost no opportunity for indulging his taste in that sport. He was always considered one of the most moral, upright, reliable and worth', citizens of Dayton. In the latter years of his life, he retired from active business, leav ing the conduct of his affairs to his son Edwin. In religious belief he was a Free Thinker in the broadest sense of that term. In 1832, he married Ann S. Drill, daugh- ter of Andrew Drill, of Dayton, formerly of Frederick City, Md. The fruits of thi- union were seven children, of whom three sons and two daughters survive. THo sons are all jewelers by trade, and constitute the fourth generation of the family in the same business. His son Newton resides in Union City, Ind. Edwin has a jewelry store on Main street, near Second, being the old stand in which his father carried on for years before him, and in the house in which he, Edwin, was born; William has ajeweln store on the corner of Main and Third streets. The daughters are Mrs. Emma Hil key and Miss Carrie Best. Edwin was born in Dayton Sept. 10, 1839, and, after receiving a public school education, entered his father’s store, where, at 21 years of age he became a partner. On the death of his father, the old firm name was not changed, but went on in the same style, Edwin taking full charge as he did when his father was living, being the active partner. Since then he has made many changes for the better. On the 19th of September, 1861, he married Mary Cecelia, daughter of Gilbert Col- lins, by whom he has had three children. WILLIAM H. BEST, jeweler ; was born in Dayton Sept. 15, 1845. He is the son of Henry Best, deceased, whose biography appears in this work. He attended the common schools until he was 15 years old, when he studied designing and engraving under Emil Schmidt, of Dayton, for two years. He then attended the Miami Commercial College, of Dayton, for two years, after which he entered the store of hi- father, where he remained until 1875, when he commenced business for himself on the corner of Main and Third streets. On the 27th of May, 1869, he married Miss Eva Williams, daughterof J. Insco Williams, who is famous throughout the United States as an artist. The issue of this marriage was two daughters and one son. The father, our subject, is neither a politician, member of church or office-seeker. He has a large and successful business, to which he gives his whole and undivided attention, feeling that he has no time to dabble in outside matters. The large and profitable patronage he enjoys is sufficient proof of his desire and ability to please all to whom his goods are shown. JOHN BETTELON, saloon and restaurant, Dayton, was born January 13, 1829, in the city of Dayton, where his father came directly from Germany. His grandpar ents both lived and died in Germany, which was also the birthplace of his father who came to this country and married Miss Barbara Nauerth of Dayton, by whom he bad six <^fld ren, three boys and three girls. He departed this life in 1852, and was I followed by his wife on Christmas Day, 1879. Our subject received a common -school education and then served a full term of apprenticeship to a baker, followed by a full term to a confectioner which occupied the time from 1841 to 1847, when he beejan to run on the river as a pastry cook. In 1852 he quit the river and, with J. V. Nauerth, opened! a saloon and restaurant in the Cooper House, opposite the Market House on Main street. 1 where he continued until 1858, when he went into the wholesale liquor business. Hej next, in 1871, engaged in the banking business in the People’s and Savings Bank, whei^ he remained for five years, or until 1876, when he again went into the wholesale liquor business, which he afterward changed into his present establishment. He now has a CITY OF DAYTON. 191 •o-e and convenient saloon and restaurant where a man can have all or any of his mts supplied, and is meeting with the success his enterprise and industry merit. In 358 he married Miss Mary Ann Mouter, of Dayton, and has had born to him seven lildren, four boys and three girls. MAJ. WILLIAM DENlSON BICKHAM, editor and proprietor of the Dayton ) umal, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 30, 1827. He prepared for college in jivate and public schools, and was a student in Cincinnati, and Bethany (West Vir- aia) Colleges. After the death of his father, he entered the news room of the Cin- mati Gazette , and acquired a knowledge of type-setting during a two years’ appren- eship ; subsequently, at the age of twenty, was city and commercial editor of the misville (Ky.) Daily Courier , of which Walter N. Halderman, now in a similar pacity on the Louisville Courier- Journal , was general manager. Having business in >w Orleans, in the settlement of his father’s estate, he went there in the fall of 1848, ing down the Ohio, as a regular flat-boat hand for the munificent wages of $15 per nnth. The trip to Cairo occupied twenty-nine days, during which the boat grounded < almost every bar in the river. The following year, Mr. Bickham was engaged in isrcantile pursuits in Cincinnati, and early in 1850, he was seized with the gold fever I went to California, via the Isthmus. From thence he proceeded on a sailing vessel (ne barque Anne, of Bristol, R. I.), from Panama to the coast of California, a voyage t sixty-three days, where he was washed ashore, from the wrecked launch of the ship, ■ ne 2, 1850. He spent over a year at hard labor in the Northern mines, on the Irth Fork and Middle Fork of the American Rivers, at Grass Yalley, and in the vjinity of Nevada, besides prospecting a large area of country. He dug considerable g;d, but lost it in mining enterprises, trying to make more. In 1852, he represented i Dorado County as a delegate in the first Whig State Convention in California, held in Si Francisco. Settling in the latter city, he obtained a place in the customs service, a was actively engaged in politics, being one of the Executive Committee of the First fang Men’s Whig Club organized in California, then a Territory ; subsequently he asted in the organization of the Young Men’s Mercantile Library Association, of San I.ncisco, was its first Librarian, and prepared the first catalogue of the library ; mean- tie, and afterward was employed at various times as city editor of the San Francisco / ayune, as editor and part proprietor of the San Francisco Evening Journal , ; again as city editor of the San Francisco Evening Times and the Mqrn- i) Ledger at the same time. Returning home in April, 1854, after four years’ alpce, without money, he accepted, for want of a more congenial pursuit, a position aqrakeman on the morning express train from Cincinnati to Dayton, on the Cincin- » , Hamilton & Dayton Railway. Within a few weeks he was promoted to baggage '"ter ; then accepted a position as traveling correspondent and agent of the Cincin- ni Daily Columbian ; next, was engaged on the city staff of the Cincinnati Evening lies, C. W. Starbuck & Co., proprietors ; a few months later, became traveling cor- i ondent for that paper, and while correspondent in the Legislature early in 1856, ac- ted the position of city editor of the Cincinnati Commercial, remaining in that, office tsRy editor, and Washington, Columbus, and general correspondent until the begin- "i; of the rebellion, when he was assigned to duty as war correspondent of the Com- 11 'dal, with the army of West Virginia, being also appointed volunteer aid-de-camp on ustaff of Gen. Rosecrans, with the rank of Captain, in which capacity he discharged all h, duties of an officer of his rank. After the battle of Carnifex Ferry, Maj. Bickham " transferred to other military fields, being war correspondent with the Army of the Po- me until after the seven days’ battles on the Chickahominy and at Malvern Hill ; then upntucky until the Cumberland Gap expedition, under Gen. George H. Thomas, II ward in Mississippi, with Gen. Rosecrans’ command at Corinth, and finally, with '"Army of tfie Cumberland, ending with the occupation of Murfreesboro, after the : of Stone River, when Gen. Rosecrans conferred upon him the title of Major for "fees in that battle as volunteer aid-de-camp. In May, 1863, immediately after the deduction of the Journal office, Maj. Bickham was invited to take control of the "bpaper field in Dayton, Ohio, and immediately repaired to that city, making it his 192 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES; home, on and after the 11th of that month. Daring these laborious nineteen years t date, the Journal has grown into a strong and influential paper, financially and polit: cally. Maj. Bickhain, although fifty-five years of age, is as vigorous as ordinary me ten years younger, and has a large capacity for hard work. He owes his vitality to powerful constitution, and superior physical powers carefully cultivated in athletic exei cises in his youth and earlier manhood. His habit now is to spend ten or twelve hour at work and walk six to eight miles daily for exercise. He has unshaken faith in th Republican party, believing that the best interests of the nation are involved in it prosperity. He is a blunt, plain man, yet kind and courteous to friend and strange alike ; and, although his determined and vigorous, partisan journalistic career ha created enemies among his political opponents, his friend-s stanch and true may b counted by the hundreds. GEORGE N. BIERCE, manufacturer, Dayton. This highly respected citizei and business mai of Dayton is a me nberof the firm of Stillwell & Bierce Manufacturin Co., manufacturers of steam heaters and turbine water wheels, and roller mills. Hew; born at Nelson, Portage Co., Ohio, October 20, 1842. His father, H. N. Bierce, w; a native of Connecticut, and a pioneer farmer of that portion of the Buckeye Sfcati When the subject of this sketch was four years of age, his mother was called to her 5n resting place, and four years later his father joined her “ on the other side.” Being le an orphan when very young, Mr. Bierce went to Canton, Ohio, where a kind uncle an aunt received him into their family fold, and where he was reared and educated. Who the war of the rebellion commenced, Mr. Bierce became an ardent advocate of the pri ciples of liberty, and in 1862, enlisted in Company K, Ninety-third Ohio Volunteer I fantry, serving as a private for eighteen months. Disability necessitated his discharg but after recovery he again enlisted, this time as Adjutant of the 131st Regimeij serving till the end of the fratricidal strife. After the close of the war, he came Dayton, and in 1866 associated himself in business with E. R. Stillwell, in the man facture of the Stillwell Heater. In 1870, the firm commenced making the celebrat “ Eclipse ” turbine water wheel, and in 1879 added the “ Victor ” turbine to their li the latter bearing the reputation of being the best one manufactured in the Unit States. Mr. Bierce has charge of the introduction of the goods of the firm, and tin enormous and steadily increasing trade. He was married in September, 1865, to Mari L. Barkdull, a native of Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Of the three children sent to thi two survive — Claude S. and Fred N. Elsie died, aged sixteen months. Mr. Biei and wife are members of the first Baptist Church. He is Republican in politics, and his integrity in business, and warm social qualities, has won the respect and esteem the better class of citizens of Dayton and Montgomery County. EZRA BIMM, wholesale and retail grocerand ice dealer, Dayton. The ancestors this gentleman were all Germans. Three brothers — John, Adam and one whose nam now forgotten — coming from Hesse-Cassel, on the River Rhine, Germany (being 1 mly children of their family), and settling in Pennsylvania. Adam was the first the brothers to cross the Atlantic, John following him when but nineteen years old, 1 /ellow fever was so bad in Philadelphia, that the vessel was not allowed to land the but put its passengers ashore near that city. John began working for a Quaker fan tvith whom he remained one and one-half years, being taught English by his beucfacti and in after years he always spoke highly of his “ Quaker mother ” as he called ady of the house. Learning the whereabouts of his brother Adam he left his Qua home for Philadelphia, where both his brothers were living, and from there went Woodbury, Gloucester Co., N. J., where he married Christina Dansenbaker, a nai of that county, born near Deerfield. Here he followed farming until the spring of loj when he started with his family for Ohio, landing in Dayton on the 1st of June, a a six weeks’ trip. His brother Adam and himself, previous to his coming to Ohio, ited their brother who was working in a glass factory in Philadelphia, aud Adam so much opposed to John going to Ohio, that he came one day’s journey with him, ing to influence John to return, but without avail, as our subject’s father kept on ward the setting sun. Five children were born in N. J., viz., Henry, Joseph, Ja< CITY OF DAYTON. 193 Ltin and Elizabeth, and five in Ohio, viz., John, Isaac, James, Mary and Ezra. John limin, with his wife and family, first stopped at the La Fayette House, on 3d street, here Mr. Huffman lived and kept store, and his first acquaintance was Col. George Jewcom, who proved to be a warm and devoted friend, and who gave him the use of 'is cabin until he could provide one for himself aryd family. His first work in Ohio as for Col. Grimes and D. C. Cooper, about which time Mr. Cooper offered him the It, upon which the jail now stands, for five days’ work, but Mr. Bimm thought the lot las too dear, as it was then a frog pond. From Col. Newcom’s he moved to Huffman’s rm, thence to Cozard’s, thence to near the Edgar farm on the Shaker pike, and from aere to the farm of H. G. Phillips, on which the cabin stood to the right of the large Hck now standing there. About this time he bought from Dr. John Steele thirty ires of land on the hill, by Hawes’ Mill, upon which he erected a two-storied frame Ouse, and here he died in 1847, his wife having died two years previous. The sub- let of this sketch was the youngest in a family of ten children, and was born in Mont- omery County, Ohio, May 3, 1829, his early youth being passed on the farm, which las his father’s vocation. When but twelve years old he began clerking in Herman’s oeery store, of Dayton, where he remained one year, when he returned to the farm, i which he worked about a year ; he then came to Dayton and began working at car- ntering for Ware & Wareham, then for Mr. Smith, in what was at that time called renchtown, after which he returned home, spent one winter at Harshman’s, going to hool. and then entered his brother Joseph’s store where he clerked for two or three iars. About this time he formed a desire of going to California, which he relinquished pen giveD an interest in his brother’s store, which partnership existed for sixteen years aen they divided it, each taking as a partner a son of Joseph’s both of whom soon ed, and then Ezra took the grocery and ice business and Joseph the pork business, d a farm. Two years ago Mr. Bimm gave two of his sons an interest in the busi- es, the firm being now E. Bimm & Sons, which is recognized as one of the leading mses of Dayton. Our subject built the first artificial ice lake in the county, which is :ated close to the Barney & Smith Car Works, and there erected buildings with a pacity of 50,000 tons of ice, in which line he does an immense business. Mr. Bimm is married October 19, 1852, to Miss Sarah Beardshear, daughter of Isaac and Sarah looker) Beardshear, of Harrison Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, to whom has been rn three sons, viz,, Levi, Joseph and Herman H., all living and young men of bright omise. Politically Mr. Bimm is a Republican, has always taken a warm interest in the Access of his party, was a member of the City Council from 1859 to 186-4 inclusive and listed in organizing the present fire department of Dayton. He has been a director of the reman’s Insurance Company of Dayton for sixteen years; is a director of the Wayne St. R.; is a member o f I. 0. O. F. and he and family belong to the Lutheran Church. Mr. mm is a manofeourteous, affable manners, possessing a warm and generous nature. Keen, retvd and sagacious in business, his success has been marked by straightforward up- ;ht dealing with his fellowmen, and from a poor boy he has risen by his own efforts a foremost place in the commercial arena of his native county. WESLEY BOREN, brick manufacturer and contractor, Dayton. He is son of Greenberry and Mary (Ruble) Boren, and was born in Tennessee, near Jones- ro, December 2, 1816, where be lived until 1836, when he removed to Dayton, Ohio, and gan the trade of brick mason with Daniel Richmond. In 1843; began business for nself, manufacturing brick and contracting the erection of buildings and is still en- ged in said business. His parents were both natives of Maryland, and moved to nnessee in an early day, where they lived until the death of the father in 1874. He img ninety-two years old, when Wesley brought his mother to Dayton, where she ( id in 1880 in her ninety-first year. Wesley served two terms as Councilman in the city of Ayton from 1845 to 1849. He is a Master Mason of Dayton Lodge, No. 147, F. A. A. Also a member of Montgomery Lodge, No. 5, I. 0. 0. F. He was married, Nov. 1842, to Lydia Coblentz, daughter of Peter and Barbary (Ruble) Coblentz. Of their 1 ;ht children but four are now living, viz., Amanda A., Mary C., Alice J. and John W. ■a. Boren was born in Frederick county, Md., November 6, 1814. She came to M 194 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Montgomery County, Ohio, with her father in 1832. He died in 1851, her motE having died when Lydia was but nine years old. Mr. and Mrs. Boren have been mer hers of the Raper M. E. Church of Dayton over fifty years. Mr. B. was the contract and builder of said church. He was a class leader twenty-five years, and has been trust fifteen years. By his honesty and industry, he has accumulated quite a snug fortun and has been much respected by all who knew him. DAVID K. BOYER, Justice of the Peace, Dayton, son of David and Eliz beth Baker Boyer, was born in Raphoe Township, Lancaster Co., Penn. Decemb 19,1811. His paternal grandfather was born near Metz, Germany; his mater n grandfather was born in Hesse-Cassel. IDs father was born in a section of counfci called Mulbach, in Lancaster County Penn., in 1Y70, and died in the same county Avgu 8, 1822. His mother was born in Lancaster City, Lancaster Co., Penn., 1775, and died Darke County, Ohio, in April, 1852. Our subject came to this county April 27, 184 He had had a very limited German and English education in his youth, and was co sequently obliged to rely on his wits for a means of obtaining a livelihood. He fir kept a tavern at the seven mile store on the Covington pike, after which he taug school in Butler Township, and, on the 28th of April, 1841, he moved to Dayton, whe he entered the store of Henry Harman in the capacity of clerk. He next engaged peddlinggoods from a budget under his arm. On the 28th of June, 1843, he moved Union, Montgomery County, and opened a store, in which he continued until elect Sheriff of the county in 1856. He moved into the old jail November 3, 1856. B election being contested, he was ousted from office by political influence on the 15th June, 1857. As an indication of the people’s opinion of this unjust and unwarvanti action, he was nominated and elected Clerk of the Court at the first election foliowii (October 1857). To this office he was re-elected in 1860, and after serving out hisfi term he entered the wholesale notion business, but with poor success. He then engagi in life and fire insurance, and continued in this until 1876, when he was elected to tl office of Justice of the Peace, in which capacity he still continues. He was married < April 2, 1835, to Hannah Eby, of Manheim, Lancaster Co., Penn., by whom he had s children, three boys and three girls; of these, two boys and one girl now survive. M: Boyer died on the 21st of August, 1880. Mr. Boyer is a member of the Scottish ai York Rites of Masons, and an Odd Fellow. He has been Grand Elector of the fii Masonic District for the last six years. He left Pennsylvania with a one-horse wagon, $! of money, and a family of two children. All that he has now T , he has made by pi sonal effort, and has no one to thank for his success but himself. JOSIAH E. BOYER, iron and stove foundry, Dayton. This gentleman w born in Manheim, Lancaster Co., Penn. January 1 2, 1 836. He is a son of D. K. Boyer, whom mention is made elsewhere in this work, and Hannah (Eby) Boyer. He car; to Ohio with his father in 1840, and with him located in Union, Montgomery County 1843. His education was obtained before his twelfth year of age, at which time he 1 gan clerking in the store his father then kept. When approaching his majority, came to Dayton, and for six months acted as Deputy Sheriff. Shortly after this his fatb was elected Clerk of the Court and he entered upon the duties of that office for his fathi He is said to have been the first man. not of the legal profession to successfully co duct the business of that office. This is rather remarkable when we remember that took control of the office as a green country boy, knowing nothing of the legal forma ties with which the duties of that office abound. But nevertheless he carried the affairs of the office until 1864 with great credit to himself and father. In 1864, commenced the business of stove manufacturing, and started an extensive iron found with John MacMaster under the firm name of Boyer & Mac Master as it now exisl He was married August 24, 1865, to Miss M. Lizzie Ivneisley, daughter of Samuel ai Sarah (Koogler) Kneisley, who came to this county from Pennsylvania. By this mama one child wasborn, November 30, 1869, and named David Kneisley Eby Boyer. April - 1877, Mr. Boyer was robbed ofthe comfort and companionship of his wife by death, and has since remained single. He has never taken a very active part in politics, althouj twice elected Water’- Works Commissioner, and for some years was President of tli CITY OF DAYTON. 195 ard, being its President during the centennial year. He was the originator of and lime mover in the Mutual and Home Savings Association organized in 1873, of which was the first Secretary and its President since 1875. He is Past Grand of Wayne )dge, No. 10, 1. 0. 0. F., and also President of the Dayton Life Insurance Association, conclusion, he is a gentleman possessed of clear-headed business qualifications, which, led by an active brain and a persistence of purpose characteristic of all successful finan- >rs, has obtained for this firm and their goods a reputation as the leading stove house the Miami Valley. CHRISTIAN F. BREMER, retired, was born June 22, 1823, in Wulkow, close Sandaw, Prussia, Germany, and is the son of Gottlieb and Mina (Dietrick) Bremer, no lived and died in the Fatherland. The parents removed to Bredow, close to Nauen, Men Christian F. was but five years old, and there he received his education and grew I manhood, learning the tailor’s trade in the city of Berlin. In the spring of 1852, i was married, close to Frankfort-on-the-Main, to Sophia Voght, a native of Hesse- (Issel, and in June of the same year came to America, where he felt that freedom and psperity went hand in hand, landing in New York with but 17 cents as the t e fortune of himself and wife (and this small sum was given by the Captain of the s:p to their boy, while on the passage from Germany, he began working at his tde in that city, and soon afterward went to Baltimore, Md., where he worked four Mrs on the bench. In 1856, he came West, remaining a short time in Darke County, (io; thence removed to Dayton, where he continued tailoring as a journeyman for ai'Ut eight years, when he entered into a partnership with Edward McCann in a mer- c'nt tailoring establishment, which was soon dissolved, when his brother Charles took A Cann’s place, and they carried on a successful business for about three years, then sold o , and our subject purchased 152? acres of timber land in Darke County, Ohio, and \ut into the wood, tie and timber business, running a large gang of men, and working e:!y and late in clearing up the land. Here he spent nine years, then sold his farm a returned to Dayton, remaining retired from active business about two years, when li went into the grocery business on the corner of First and Sears streets, which he n about ten months, when he sold out and again retired. In May, 1881, he went on a ip to Germany for the purpose of visiting his friends and the scenes of his child- ■ d days, returning to Dayton in September, 1881. Mr. Bremer began life in the N'v World a very poor man, but by constant toil and earnest effort, coupled with sidy, saving habits, he has secured a comfortable competence, and with his wife can enjoy peace, plenty and happiness, the legitimate heirloom of industrious, well- i) it lives. ANTHONY C. BROWN, hatter, Dayton, was born in Susses County, N. September 15, 1816. He came to Ohio in 1817 with his parents and settled in ' (ene County, and, in 1825, they moved to Darke County. Anthony came to Dayton II 851. His brother, Henry M., established the hat store in 1837, and was succeeded 'Anthony in 1861. He is located on North Main street, where he keeps a full line hats of the very best quality and of the latest styles. 0. B. BROWN, attorney, Dayton, was born in Jeddo, Orleans Co.,N. Y., June -1853. His parents were Col. Edwin F. Brown, a native of New York, born April. -’1823, and Elizabeth (Britt) Brown, a native of the same place, who was born May : 1824, and died June 21, 1878. They were married September 25, 1844, and had iJ children, all sons — Charles Lee, Will J., Oren B. and Edwin F., all surviving but. V J., who was lost in the West in 1874, and is supposed to be dead. Col. Brown, the cfer, is a farmer, merchant and soldier. He was Colonel of the 28th N. Y. V. I.,. 1£ j n g enlisted during the first year of the war and serving two years, that being the full 11 for which he enlisted. He lost his left arm at the battle of Cedar Mountain August '■ 862. After the war, he was elected Clerk of the Courts for Orleans County, i 868, he was appointed Governor of the National Soldiers’ Home at Dayton, in Eh capacity he served until promoted to the office of Inspector General of National d >es for disabled volunteer soldiers in September, 1880. Our subject came to Day- toiApril 14, 1869, and attended a private school at the old military institute, and 196 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: afterward at the city high school. He also attended Dennison University at Granvil Ohio, until January 1, 1874, when he left the Sophomore class of that college and enter the same class in Princeton College, Princeton, N. J. From this latter he graduat June, 1876, and at once commenced reading law with Gunckle & Rowe, of Dayti He was admitted to the bar September 1 , 1878, and has since been in the practice of) profession. He was nominated for Clerk of the Court in September, 1881, and elect by 111 majority, being the only Republican county officer elected at that elect! He will take his seat on the 9th of March, 1882, and we can safely predict that ’ constituents will never regret putting him into this responsible position, as he is every way well qualified to fill it with credit to himself and party. Mr. Brown is member of the Masonic fraternity, including Knights Templar, of the Knights Pythias and Royal Arcanum ELIJAH H. BROWNELL, manufacturer, Dayton, of the firm of E. H. Brov ell & Co., boiler makers, was born in Fulton County, N. Y., June 20, 1828. His pare were Frederick and Ann (Dolley) Brownell, natives of New York, who located at Lo\ Sandusky in 1842. The former was a tanner and currier by trade, and the son ea assisted his parent in the business. His early literary education was obtained in nig schools only. In 1844, the family removed to Green Springs, where Mr. Brownell came acquainted with Gen. James B. McPherson, who was then a clerk in a 11 country store owned by Robert Smith. Mr. Brownell learned buckskin tanning, a after assisting his father for some time, engaged in the milliug trade with Matthias Sti nowin the U. S. Treasurer’s office, at Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1848, Mr. B. commen running an engine in about the first steam saw-mill put in operation near Clyde, ^Northern Ohio. In 1849, he went to Sandusky, anticipating going on the lakes, as gineer. While sojourning in that city, he made the acquaintance of N. H. Mo< who gave him a job of work in a boiler shop, at 75 cents per day. He remained w him one year and then went to Cleveland, soon after returning to Mr. Moore with wh he finished his trade. During these few years of labor, by strict economy and pe:j vearance, he had been able to save a small sum of money, sufficient to invest in b ness for himself. He sought a point to locate, and, after visiting Toledo, came to B ton. He was a perfect stranger to all but one or two, in the Valley City, but the ki ness ofits inhabitants and the inducements held out, caused him to locate there, i to establish a business which now excels any of its kind in Montgomery County, of which none are more proud than those who gave the stranger timely aid and ass ance when he most needed it. Mr. Brownell was so pleased with the kindness sk< him, that he will always remember with grateful heart the pioneers of early Day He leased a little building on Foundry street, near the railroad track, where he f commenced business. As trade increased, his buildings had to be enlarged in. pro] tion, and at present they occupy a large space of ground, in which is transacted an mense amount of business, a sketch of which will be found in another chapter. Brownell has worked all his life, and given his entire time and attention to his basin the success of which proves this statement. Mr. Brownell also built and started machine shop and foundry now owned and operated by John R. Brownell and Ma Schneible. Mr. Brownell was married, Nov. 10, 1859, to Sarah A. Warman, a na of New Jersey, who came to Montgomery County in 1854. Of their eleven child) ten are living — Phebe, Minnie, Jennie, Frederick, Addeson, Lincoln, Clara, Elijah Sarah, Nellie and Dollie. An infant is deceased. Mr. B. united with the Ba| Church, during the pastorate of the Rev. Mr. Dickinson, and officiated as Trusted the Union Avenue Church for some years. His father was a Whig in politics, and son followed in his footsteps until the birth of the Republican party. He then enli under its banner, and during the dark “night of gloom’’ was an earnest advocate the Union side, and a warm supporter of the doctrines and principles of the mart; Lincoln. Elijah H. Brownell is a man among many. Commencing life as a poor he has risen, step by step, to a position where, by spotless integrity, true benevole and genial good nature, he has won the respect of all, and gained a host of warm sonal friends. Mr. Brownell’s father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and was CITY OF DAYTON. 197 ned at Sackett’s Harbor, under Gen. Brown; and six of his mother’s uncles fought. • liberty during the Bevolutionary war. STEPHEN THOMAS BRYCE, manufacturer of furnaces, Dayton, was born ( the 29th day of September, 1840, in the town of Burch ville, St. Clair Co., Mich, j the age of six years, his father died, leaving his widow with a family of six children, fee boys and three girls, to support. In the year 1846, the family removed to the ilage of Kilworth, in Canada, where they continued to reside until 1851, when they lived to Port Huron, Mich. It was during their residence in Canada, and thesubse- *ent two years, that the subject of this sketch obtained what schooling he ever received, out this time, in the winter of 1853-54, his mother married again. The step-father iing a lumberman, during the following years, until he was twenty-one, Mr. Bryce s:nt in that business. In winter he was occupied in the pineries, and in spring, sum- ■ r and autumn he was engaged in rafting and carpentering and generally converting n logs into lumber, buildings, etc. October 4, 1861, Mr. Bryceenlisted in the Third Mich- i n Cavalry, Company H, and was made First Sergeant, which position he held during tj three years of his service in the army. Although in the summer of 1862, through Is recommendation of his Captain — Highwood — his name had been sent in for promo- ra to a Lieutenancy. The recommendation was approved, and the commission for- nded, but, in the meantime, Capt. H. had resigned, and the First Lieutenant having borne Captain before the commission was delivered, and Mr. B. being at that time fined to his tent by sickness, exerted such influence as caused it to be returned and Ciiferred on another. Mr. B. served jvith his regiment, beginning with the siege and capt- bofNew Madrid, Island No. 10 and Corinth, and all subsequent campaigns in West Ten- iijsee, Mississippi and Alabama, up to the spring of 1 864. The regiment then re-enlisted ; b B., decliningto follow its example, was detailedby order of Maj. Gen. C. C. Washburn, i n commanding the Sixteenth Army Corps, to detached service in the transportation oiee in Memphis, in which position he remained until his term of service expired, Octo- t 4, 1864, when he went to Detroit and was mustered out. The following winter he sjnt in the Bryant & Stratton Commercial College, in Detroit. In the spring of 1865, i .returned to Memphis, Tenn.; after remaining there two or three months, he changed life to New York City. He there became engaged with a firm, his field of work being ( acipally the State of New Jersey. September 29, of that year, being his twenty-fifth bjchday, he was married near Sharpstown, N. J., to Miss Adelaide M. Webber, daugh- ‘ of John Webber, of Dayton, who was at that time visiting her relatives in that State bring the following winter and spring, they resided in New York City. The follow- i: April of 1866, they moved to Dayton, Mr. B. going into the stone business, vich he has followed ever since, having been largely identified with the building in- |sts throughout this section of the State, also in Chicago, and many other cities iu distance. In politics Mr. B. grew up a Democrat of the Douglas school, but since t war he has been actively in sympathy with the Republican party. In the spring of 1’7. he was elected to the City Council from the Fifth Ward, in which position he con- tied until his term had nearly expired, i. e., two years, when he resigned. In the -'mg of 1880, he was again elected to the Council, this time to represent the Tenth ' rd, upon the organization of Council he was elected President of that body, wish vat ability and satisfaction may be shown by his unanimous re-election to the Presidency * following year, every Republican and Democrat in Council voting for him, which, 'these days of party strife, may be considered the highest of compliments. He is s i occupying the chair as President of Council. He has a family, consisting of If daughters and two sons, as follows. May Eloise, John Webber, xingie Helena, .■a Marietta, Daisy Florence, Stephen Dudley and Edna Annetta. In April, 1881, b Bryce retired from the stone and contracting business, and is now in partnership vh Mr. Walker, engaged in manufacturing the Fair Natural Draft Furnace, also the onarch ’ Furnace, for heating public and private buildings, the latter of which Mr. 1 ce is the inventor of, and which the manufacturers claim to be the best in the nket. 198 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : CHARLES BURROUGHS, retired, Dayton. He is an old, retired lumber me chant of the city of Dayton. He is a son of Joseph and Mima (Hendrickson) Bu roughs, and was born July 22, 1810, near Trenton, N. J., where he lived until tweDt three years old ; and, in 1833, moved to Dayton, Ohio, and engaged with Mr. Dav Zigler Cooper to work on the saw-mill, aud, at the death of Mr. Cooper, rented the m and ran it until 1846, when he gave it up and engaged in the lumber trade, which I carried on quite extensively until 1871, when he sold out and retired from businei Pie landed in Dayton with $2.50, with which he began business, aud with willing hauc a good character, and an indomitable will, he pushed ahead until he acquired sufficie amount of wealth to meet his every want in his old age. ITis father died when Chari was but ten years old. After working some five years on a farm, he worked at she making until he started for Ohio. He was Vice President of the Dayton Savings’ Bai two years; is still one of the stockholders of said bank. Mr, B. is pleasantly located No. 409 East Fifth street. He is the only one of his father’s family that evercai West, except a brother that resided a short time in Dayton, Ohio, and then returned New Jersey. ROBERT YOUNG- CHAMBERS, deceased, was born in Parish Kyle, Quee County, Ireland, May 8, 1808. At the age of twenty-two years, he left home via Uu 3in for Liverpool, from which point he sailed for America on May 14, 1830, in the sh William and John, of West Florida. He landed in New York July 7, 1830, and start at once for the West, stopping first at Braddock’s Field, Penn., where he remained 1 a short time, but was induced to go on to Cincinnati, where he arrived December 1830. He did not stop at Cincinnati, but pushed on by stage to Dayton, where he ; rived on the 9th of December, 1830. He first obtained employment as foreman in t pork packing establishment of Davie. In this capacity he continued untii he to j command of the canal-boat Messenger for the same firm, which then occupied the soul west corner of the canal basin. He remained in their employ until their failure, wli he obtained a similar position of one Ritchie. About this time, June 8, 1836, he v married in St. Peter’s Church, Cincinnati, to Miss Eliza Mullin, of Cincinnati, forme of County Antrim, Ireland. In 1838, he removed with his family to Dayton, where accepted a position with the late Alexander Simms in the grocery firm of Simms Sayres, in which he soon obtained an interest, and continued the business under the fi name of Chambers, Simms & Sayres. He afterward, by a succession of changes, becatj in 1845, the senior member of the firm of Chambers & Harris, with Mr. John Harij They purchased at the same time the competition business of Esterbrook & Pheips, tv had purchased the established business of Reach, Emdie & Co. Chambers & Hai then controlled two of the largest commission houses in Dayton for eleven years, at l expiration of which time they dissolved their partnership relations, and Mr. Chamb built the building known to old residents as the “ factory,” and established “ Chambt Line,” an independent line of canal packets running from Cincinnati to Toledo. Ab( this time, he suffered a loss by fire, which consumed his building, but he built again the old site what is known as Chambers’ Warehouse. His business began to assu large proportions, and his boats became such a source of anxiety to the Sandusky II road Company (the first road here), that they made repeated proposals to buy them, 1 their offers were refused, and he continued in his ever-increasing business until his tirement in 1873, after nearly half a century spent in the most active business, left his business to his son, John M., and Mr. M. W. Chambers, and paid a visit to haunts of his childhood in his native land, only to find his friends and relatives goj He died in May, 1876, aged just sixty-eight years, leaving a host of mourning friei 1 behind. His life, spent in honest activity, was not sullied by a single stain, lie wa consistent communicant of the Catholic Church, but his charities extended to all deD< inations. At his death, his family of nine children had dwindled to five — one son, v) died in 1879, and four daughters, who still occupy the old homestead on East Sect street. 1 CHARLES EDWIN CLARK, son of David and Hannah (Halderman) CL! was born in the old county jail (Dayton), July 31, 1850, during his father’s sect CITY OF DAYTON. 199 ?rm of Sheriff of the county. His father was afterward County Treasurer for two fans and for five years just previous to the war the editor and proprietor of the Daily nd Weekly Empire. The later years of David Clark’s life were fraught with many wrows and cares. Through misfortunes, which are familiar to the old friends of the imily, he had been reduced from comparative affluence to the position of hard toil for he support of his family. To save those who had trusted him from financial loss, 'avid Clark and his devoted wife gave up the snug fortune they possessed to the last ellar, and bravely began anew the struggle for means to educate their children. Charles, though at that time but a mere boy, contributed not a little towards the mily’s support. He was always ready to turn an honest penny by work at anything, aeh year his school vacation and oftentimes his spare evenings for study were spent ; the hard work of a young clerk in an ice cream saloon and confectionery, toiling six- en or seventeen hours a day during the hot months of the year, whilst his school- ates were enjoying their vacation as only school boys can enjoy such freedom. Young lark never murmured — he was only too glad to be able to ease, though in a small ;gree, the burdens of the father he idolized. Mr. Clark received a common school education. The death of his father com- illed him to withdraw from the high school, where he had been a student for about te year, to aid his mother in the support of his brothers aud sister. Mr. N. Ohmer ive him his first regular employment in his Union Depot Restaurant, where he mained some years. In May, 1871, he entered the employ of Maj. W. D. Bickham, j.itor and proprietor of the Daily Journal , as office-boy, where he soon worked his way up book-keeper. In the spring of 1873, he accepted the position of business manager of the ally and Weekly Kentuckian , Paducah, Ky., in which city he resided for some months. Eturning to Dayton he was married to Miss Maria Dee Truesdell, a teacher in the ky ton Public Schools, and a few weeks later again entered the employ of Maj. Bick- .m, as business manager of the Dayton Journal , a position he has uninterruptedly held to is day. Mr. Clark, though a stanch Republican, has not meddled much in politics, e has held but one political office, that of City Councilman, for one term. In April, >79, he was the unanimous nominee of his party for Councilman from the old Fifth ard. Although the ward was something like 100 votes politically opposed to Mr. ark, he was elected after a short but hot contest by a majority of twenty -one votes er his Democratic opponent, Mr. T. C. Dobbins, a prominent hardware merchant, e made a faithful and a conscientious Councilman. During his entire term of two ars he was absent from but one meeting of the Council, and that was occasioned by |e death of a near and dear friend— a brother Councilman. It was mainly through Mr. Clark’s plucky efforts that the “ Sunday ordinance” came a law of the city. He also energetically labored by arguments and all fair jans to have the “ Ordinance to restrain animals from running at large within the y limits” adopted. These measures met with the vehement opposition of many izens and dire were the threats of political annihilation to all who had a hand in iking such laws. To such threats Mr. Clark once made answer : “ I am sorry to ve your ill will. I believe you are honest in your opposition to me, but your threats not dismay me, nor shall they deter me from doing my duty as I conscientiously derstand it.” Mr. Clark’s term of Councilman expired in the spring of 1881, and peremptorily declined to be a candidate for re-election. Two brothers of Mr. Clark, sut. R. G. Clark, Sixty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and William V. Clark, gbty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, died the death of soldiers in the Union army, firing the war. His mother still resides in the family residence, which has been her "me for thirty years. He has three living brothers and two sisters, viz. : George R. trk, proprietor of the Port Clinton (Ohio) News ; David P. Clark, of Miamisburg, |io J Douglas Clark, of Pittsburgh, Penn.; Mrs. F. M. Althoff and Miss Lottie E. ark, Dayton. JOSEPH CLEGG, director in gas company, Dayton, was born in England April 8, 14. His father, Thomas Clegg, was born iu or near Manchester, Eng., in the year 1790, 0 after receiving, through his own exertions, a liberal education, engaged in the 200 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : manufacture of cotton goods, having learned the weaving of silk when but a bov He was married, in 1810, to Miss Ann Brierly, who died in 1817. In the year follow- ing the death of his wife, he, with four sons, of whom our subject was third in the order of birth, came to America, and in 1820 located in Montgomery County, Ohio, In 1824, he came to Dayton, which was then but a village of 1,100 inhabitants, where the remainder of his life was mostly spent. Here he started an establishment for the manufacture of cotton goods, which soon proved to be a prosperous and paying busi ness, he keeping pace in success with the rapid growth of the village. Mr. Clegg son tinued an active, enterprising and substantial citizen of Dayton until 1850, when he made an overland trip to California, being one of the first to adopt that route. Aftei a stay of ten years in the Golden State, he returned to Dayton, but in after years male repeated trips to the same State. The last twenty years of his life were spent in Day ton, his time being devoted mostly to intellectual pursuits, of which he was very fond He died in 1879, having reached the ripe old age of fourscore and nine years, anc leaving behind him a record of a life well spent and of talents well employed. Of th< four sons who accompanied him from England, only two survive, viz., James B. anc Joseph, the latter being the subject of this sketch. He has been almost a life Jon< citizen of Montgomery County. His education was mainly obtained at night am Sunday schools, and entirely through his untiring zeal in the pursuit of knowledge His early life was spent in the factories of his father. Being of an enterprising spirit he has risen to the rank of the most substantial citizens of Dayton. He has aceumu lated a large amount of property, which to-day dots the city in all directions, standin; as monuments of his successful career and shrew 1 business tact. One of his first en terprises was the erection of a cotton factory and linseed oil mill. About this time;, h associated himself with the late Daniel Beckel and the late William Dickey in th organization of the Farmers’ Bank, which has long since ceased to exist. In 1851 these same gentlemen organized the Dayton Fire Insurance Company, which is uow [ well-known and successful corporation. They afterward organized the Mad Iiive Valley Bank. Still later, Mr. Clegg became prominently associated with the Dayto Gaslight and Coke Company, in which he has since been an active and valuable mem her and for many years a Director. Among the edifices which decorate the city an are owned by him are the “ Old Clegg Block,” on East Third street, now known a the Superior Court Building; the Jefferson Street Block, fronting 100 feet on the stree: after which it was named, and another on Fifth street; the last two named forming 11 part of what is to be known as “ Clegg’s Opera Block,” one of the finest and mos prominent private enterprises of the city. In addition to these, Mr. Clegg owns Clegg brown stone block on East Third street, and several fine residences, among them bein his own handsome home and the residence of the late Daniel Beckel, both located uj: South Jefferson street. He also possesses many minor buildings, which, though < considerable value in themselves, are of too little importance to mention here. M Clegg’s identification with the enterprises of the city have tended to the elevation i its social standing and the education of the rising generation. His political affiiiatioi have ever been with the Whig and Republican parties, and during the war of the rebe lion his contributions, in aid of the Union cause, should alone warrant to him the nig esteem of all. He has been for many years a member of the Episcopal Church, an was a valuable and efficient worker in the Sabbath school at an early day, and dura this time his benefices have been constant and generous. He was married, in 1835, ! j Miss Tirzah Bailey, daughter of John Bailey, one of the first settlers of Montgomei County. The issue of this marriage consisted of three children, two of whom surviv viz., Mrs. V. H. Wood, a lady of high culture and rare social attainments and wife Capt. E. M. Wood, who is now largely engaged in manufacturing linseed oil, as til senior member of the firm of Wood, Archer & Co., of this city. The other survivit child is Charles B. Clegg, who, with Capt. Wood, wms associated with his father business; but upon the latter retiring, Charles and M. Wood continued the busine^ in connection with Messrs. W. S. and G. A. Archer, under the then firm title of Cleg Wood & Co. Charles B. has recently withdrawn from his active position in the fir CITY OF DAYTON. 201 ,ir recreation. He is President of and a large stockholder in the Oakwood Street l.ailway, to which enterprise he has devoted much of his time. He is also largely iterested in and connected with the management of the other street railways of the ty, being a Director of the Third Street route. He has not yet reached the meridian ■ life, but, though comparatively young, we may safely predict that his future will illy satisfy every reasonable hope of his many friends. His marriage was celebrated 1865, with Miss Hattie, daughter of the late Horace Pease, who was a well-known id highly respected citizen of Dayton. Their united life existed throughout a period ' five years, when death called her home, leaving a husband and two children — Helen I. and Harry P. REV. H. F. COLBY, pastor first Baptist Church, Dayton. The gentleman hose name heads this sketch was born in Boston Highlands, Massachusetts, in 1S42. e is the son of Gardner Colby a merchant of Boston. Most of his early days were iient in Newton, Mass. He graduated from Brown University, Providence, R. I., in 862. After studying law for some months and spending nearly a year in Europe, he ok a full course of study in the Newton Theological Institution, from which hegradu- edin 1867. In the fall of the same year, he came to Dayton, Ohio, and was ordained the ministry and became pastor of the First Baptist Church. In this position he is continued fourteen years and has been settled longer in Dayton as a pastor than ly other of the ministers in the city. In 1870, he was married to Miss M. L. Cham- plain, daughter of Edward Chamberlain, Esq., of Boston. He has four children, re daughter and three sons. EDWARD CONWAY, dentist, Dayton. This gentleman was born in Annapolis, d., in 1829, and came to Ohio with his parents three years later. While still in his iuth, he took a position in one of the principal dry goods houses in St. Louis, Mo., a salesman in the fancy goods department, where he proved himself highly compe- pt, but, being desirous of acquiring a profession, he returned to this State, and at neteen years of age placed himself under the instruction of an able dentist and physi- an. Having completed his studies, he again placed himself under the instruction of r. Jones, now deceased, who was one of Dayton’s most skilled dentists and respected tizens. The sole object of Dr. Conway in this his second course of study, was to .'tain a thorough knowledge of the various metals best adapted to the use of dentist- . Dr. Jones being an expert in that branch of business, having given it a life-long ndy. For two years, Dr. Conway pursued his studies without one cent of remunera- )n. He practiced with marked success in Bellefontainetwo years; during this time r. McCandes was his medical preceptor. Here he acquired a practical knowledge of edicine and became quite an expert as a practitioner. Being a skilled physician in all i branches, he has given many years of study to dentistry in all its details, making the lalyzation of the various metals a special study in order to ascertain the kind of met- s best adapted for his use. This is one of the great secrets of dentistry, as many a Rent's health is ruined on account of injury from metals and other materials not apted to the mouth or condition of the stoma ch. The Doctor never uses rubber on this pount; nor does he use metals but that which the test of science and long practice has 'oved to be safe under every circumstance. Gold, silver and platina he recommends id uses in his practice daily. He also uses “virgin” metal — a combination of his own — Mch he considers equal if not superior to any in use. The doctor has made many iprovements in connection with dentistry that are sanctioned and recognized by the ading dentists of the country. WILLIAM E. CRUME, manufacturer, Dayton. This gentleman is a descendant an old Welsh family that emigrated to America and located in Maryland about the ■ar 1768. His paternal great-grandfathers, Jesse Crume and Matthew Richardson, me from Maryland to Butler County, Ohio, in 1802. Mr. Crume shortly afterward oved to Kentucky. Mr. Richardson served the terms of 1804 and 1806 in the Ohio jgislature. The great-grandfathers in the maternal line were James Martin, a native Maryland, and David Steele, a native of Ireland. The paternal grandparents rvere >'hn 0. Crume, who came from Kentucky to Hamilton, Butler Co., Ohio, in 1810, and 202 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : returning to Kentucky, died in 1815; and Sarah Richardson, of Maryland, who came to Butler County with her parents in 1803. The maternal grandparents were David Steele, a native of Scotland, and Nancy A. (Martin) Steele, a native of Ireland. The father was born in Butler County, Ohio, and in this State where he married Nancy Steele, he lived duting the whole of his life. William E., the subject hereof, was born in Collinsville, Butler Co., Ohio, March 26, 1848, and remained there until 1858, when he moved with his father to Muscatine, Iowa, where they remained two years, and then removed to Somerville, Butler Co., Ohio. May 1, 1864, William enlisted in the One Hundred and Sixty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, being then but sixteen years of age. He was mustered out in September, 1864, and, on the 2d of February following, he re-enlisted in the One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, from which he was mustered at Nashville, Tenn., October 3, 1865. After the war, he re- turned to Ohio, and, in September, 1866, came to Dayton, where he learned the trade ol carpentering and building with Mr. Andrew Slertz. He worked at his trade until Feb ruary, 1874, when he started a box-factory; but, finding this only a local business, he. in 1877, originated his present business, which he conducted in connection with the box manufacture. The new enterprise grew so rapidly that he was obliged to dispose of the box-factory and devote his entire attention and capital to the new departure. He soon associated with him the late Mr. P. M. Aulabaugh, and afterward Mr. J. W. Sefton under the firm name of Aulabaugh, Crume & Co., but, on the death of Mr. Aulabaugh the remaining partners purchased his interest, and now conduct their business under the name of “ The Crume & Sefton Manufacturing Company.” They supply a large por tion of the country with their curious little paper and wood plates for grocers, oyster anc berry pails, and folding ice cream and candy boxes. Their business, which is an exten sive one, is treated of properly in our industrial chapter of the city of Dayton. Mr Crume was elected a member of the Council in April, 1877 ; was re-elected in April 1880, and elected Vice President of the Board in April. 1881. ISAAC DAVIS, coal dealer, Dayton, was born in Bellebrook, Greene Co., Ohio September 15, 1839. His father, Jonathan Davis, who was an Elder in the Central Chris tian Church ol Dayton, was born in Delaware State July 15, 1808, and settled in Belie brook in 1830, where he started life as a poor farm boy. December 12, 1830, he mar ; ried Anoxa Sivalla Silvers, who was born in Greene County, August 19, 1812, by whom hi had four children, all girls. Shedied on April 15, 1838, and on July 25, 1838, he marriei Sarah Anu Darst, who was born in Greene County November 17, 1814, and who blest hia with seven sons and one daughter. He died September 3, 1875, leaving his wife and tei children and twenty-two grandchildren. His wife died July 9, 1880. Isaac, our subject who was of the issue of the second marriage, came to Dayton in 1864, and was followei by his father two years after. He was educated in the common schools, after wbic! he attended the National Normal University of Lebanon, Ohio, to prepare himself fo teaching, and after teaching one year in Greene County, he went to Cincinnati, where h attended the Medical Institute of Cincinnati. He then read medicine with Dr. Curtis j of Cincinnati, for two years, after which he came to Dayton, and, giving up his pro fession, went into the tobacco business with Mr. Cotteril! now of Cotterill, Fenner A Cc He afterward closed up his tobacco business and commenced dealing in coal, in whicl business he has since continued. He was married, December 24, 1867, to Miss Carolin E. Houghtelin of Dayton, who, after bearing him three sons, died August 25, 1879, wit what the doctors pronounced yellow fever. Mr. Davis is a man of integrity and gres business tact, is well known in the community and has the respect and esteem of all. SOLOMON DAY, school teacher, Dayton. The subject of the following sketcj was born November 24, 1841, near Janesfield, in Jefferson Township, Logan Co., Ohi< His father, after whom he was named, was born near Cross Keys, South Hampton Go Va., about the year 1790. By the fortunate accident of having sprung — c his mother’s side — from one of the F. F. V.’s — though his father was a negro siave- he was “free born.” Ann Barnell, the mother of the subject of this sketch, was bor near Little York, Penn., in the year 1801 , and was of Quaker origin, her mod er Ann Packer, belonging to the numerous Packer family of Quakers which has fi; CITY OF DAYTON. 203 ired so largely in the past history of that State. "Young Solomon,” at the age of nine, was crippled with white swelling. His father dying soon after, he was left to be reared oy his mother, who, with a large family of children to support, and with but scanty neans, could do but little to assist him in obtaining an education, though feeling deep- ly solicitious for him in that direction. For three years he was confined to the house >y his lameness ; after that, until he was seventeen years old, his only educational ad- vantages was attending an obscure country school during the winter. By dint of ; iard study both in and out of school, he managed, at the age of seventeen, to obtain i certificate to teach school from the Board of Examiners of his native county, and after teaching a five months’ term, obtained the money to pay his board and tuition at dberlin College one quarter. He attended that college irreguarly from 1859 to 1865, eaching a portion of the time in various parts of the State to procure the means to go .o school. In 1870, he came to Dayton to take charge of the colored school, suc- ceeding Mr. Samuel Peters, tvho had resigned his position to accept an appointment is cashier of the Freedman’s Bank at Shreveport, La. He has had charge of that School for nearly ten years, and with excellent resul s, many of his pupils now occupy- ng important positions as teachers, and some filling clerical positions in Government mploy. Mr. Day has long been identified with the educational interests of his people, nd for a number of years has taken an active part in politics, and is a firm believer in the •ossibilities of his race for achievements equal in every particular to the various races vhich so to makeup the great American Nation. WILLIAM DEIKLE14, dealer in agrieul ural implements, Dayton, son of Se- astian and Mary Ann Deikler, was born February 9, 1835, in Navre, Germany, ^migrated to America, with his parents, in 1843, and located in Butler County, Ohio, there he remained until 1851, when he removed to Montgomery County, Ohio, and urchased a farm in Perry Township. His father was a shoemaker by trade, and [arried on the same until his death He died in May, 1866. His mother died in lay, 1880. William served an apprenticeship with his father at the shoe trade, but ; ;as devoted the most of his time to farming. He was married October 22, 1867, to liss Margaret Fisher, daughter of Christopher and Elizabeth M. Fisher. They have five hi dren — - Mary C., Annie, Joseph, Laura M. and Margaret E. In 1880, Mr. Deikler ngaged in the agricultural implement trade, under the firm name of William Deikler & lo. , at No. 210 East Third street, Dayton, where they keep a full line of all first class nd the best improved farm machinery. Also a complete assortment of fresh seeds. WILLIAM DICKEY, deceased. Among the successful self-made men of Day- |>n, few were better known or more thoroughly respected than the gentleman whose ame stands at the head of this biography. His father, Adam Dickey, was born in ounty Antrim, Ireland, in the year 1768, where he lived until seventeen years of age, hen, with that love of freedom characteristic of his race, he emigrated to America, 'eating in Pennsylvania, where, about 1790, he was married to Mary McKee, and ine years later, with his wife and three children, he started for the West and settled at ort Washington (now Cincinnati), where he was afterward joined by two of his tethers, who had also left their oppressed fatherland to seek a home in the New World, lere he began the manufacture of brick, making the brick for the first house of that ind erected at that point. He followed brick-making until about 1804, when he re- moved to near Middletown, Butler County, Ohio, where he engaged largely in mill- ig, farming and distilling, building his own flatboats and shipping the produce to New rleans, following this business until 1828, in which year he died, his wife surviving jm about fifteen years and dying in 1844. Adam Dickey was a very successful busi- es man, but, owing to reverses by fire and otherwise, his affairs were crippled to such ii extent as to render him a comparatively poor man previous to his death. The sub- let of this sketch was born near Middleton, Butler County, Ohio, August 10, 1805, ad was the seventh in a family of eleven children, of whom only one survives. His ^cilities for obtaining book learning were exceedingly meager, but, reared upon the soil ■d inured to hard labor, he acquired, by contact with the world, that practical knowl- %e which is the indispensable condition of success. Having arrived at his majority, 204 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: he took a contract for work on the Miami Canal, and of all the contractors on that public work he was the last survivor. He was subsequently engaged, for several years, in a similar capacity on the Ohio Canal. On April 19, 1832, he married Miss Sarah, daughter of Benjamin Van Cleave, of Butler County, and for some years was employed in farming, having a short time previous purchased, in connection with his brother, the homestead of his father. In April, 1839, he became a resident of Dayton, where he engaged respectively in the manufacture of brick, in contracts on the Miami & Erie Canal, and, in connection with his brothers, in quarrying limestone in the vicinity of Dayton. This last industry has since attained great magnitude. For a number of years succeeding, he conducted a line of canal packets between Cincinnati and Toledo and between the latter city and Terre Haute, Ind. During some twenty years of frugal industry, he saved up quite a respectable capital, and in 1850 became a private banker, in company with Joseph Clegg, Esq., and Daniel Beckle, Esq., the latter since deceased. He was subsequently, in connection with the above named gentlemen, one of the organizers of the Miami Valley Bank, of Dayton. He was one of the incorpo- rators of the Dayton Gaslight and Coke Company and for some twenty years its President He was also one of the organizers of the Ohio Insurance Company, in 1865, of which he was President until his death. In 1866, he had the misfortune to lose the sight of his right eye by cataract, and nine years afterward his left eye became similarly affected, so that he was entirely deprived of the power to read and could distinguish his friends only by their voices. Mr. Dickey was a man of sound judgment and thoroughly good sense. Though deprived of the polish that education gives, he was characterized by great kindness of heart, decidedly modest manners and a quiet benevolence that nevei publishes its deeds to the world. He was distinguished for sterling integrity from his youth to his death. His caution and prudence, combined with the industry of his business life, have rendered his career a gratifying success, so that he ranked amoiij the wealthiest citizens of Dayton. He died July 15, 1880, leaving a wife, son and tw< daughters. The son, Samuel A., who was President of the gas company and a prom inent, coal merchant, died in August following the death of his father. The daughter: are Mrs. Henry C. Graves, of Dayton, and Mrs. Charles B. Oglesby, of Chicago. SAMUEL A. DICKEY, deceased. The skill of the workman chisels the rougl marble block into a shaft of beauty and fashions the letters that tell of the birth, ag( and death of the silent sleeper beneath, but age defaces the inscription, covering tin monument with the mosses of decay, while history preserves in its pages a record o the departed one that time renders more prized and valuable. In the gentleman whosi name heads this sketch we have a member of one of the leading families of Dayton and although he had but reached the meridian of life when stricken down by diseasi and death, had yet attained, by his own exertions and business capacity, a commandin' position in the commercial arena of the Miami Valley. He was born in Dayton, Ohio March 16, 1840, and was the son of William and Sarah Dickey, a sketch of whon will be found in this work. His boyhood days were passed in attending the sctioots o his native city, going thence to Wittenberg and Oxford Colleges, receiving a thorougl English education. He began his business career by starting a wholesale and retai coal and general fuel depot, which he operated successfully for about seventeen years or until failing health compelled him to retire from active business. He was married October 12, 1865, to INI iss Sarah E. Ilayner, the daughter of Lewis Hayner. of Troy Ohio, to whom was born two children — Bessie H. and Arthur C. In business circle Samuel A. Dickey was always recognized as one of the most energetic, practical me: of Dayton, and in August, 1866, he was elected a Director of the Dayton Gas Coni pany, and President of the same May 10, 1876, which he held until his death. Tbi sad event occurred August 9, 1880, from what is known as progressive locomotc attaxia, with which he had suffered for about two years. Mr. Dickey was a man of quiet, unassuming disposition, kind and charitable, devoid of all ostentation, a ma of actions rather than words, whom the poor and afflicted never sought help from t vain, and in his home he was ever the fond father and affectionate husband. As Pres ident of the Gas Company he was looked upon as a shrewd, efficient and capabl CITY OF DAYTON. 205 official, firm and unyielding in what he believed to be just, and exhibiting a knowledge jof men and affairs far beyond his years ; but the brightest page in his record was that his honesty and integrity were never doubted, his word always being considered as good as bis bond. R. R. DICKEY, President of the Gas Light and Coke Company, Dayton, was born near Middletown, Ohio, October 26, 1816, and is the son of Adam and Mary (McKee) Dickey who are spoken of in the sketch of William Dickey, deceased. Our subject was che youngest of a family of eleven children, and is to-day the only surviver. At the age of eleven years, through the death of his father, he was thrown upon his own resources, and at this tender age he became employed in a brick yard, working fourteen hours per day at $4.87 per month, and, afterward worked upon a farm at $5.00 per month, where he became imbued with that spirit of industry which has characterized him through life. Under those circumstances his advantages for an education were very limited, but by observation and rough contact with the world he acquired that knowl- edge of men and affairs that cannot be gained in the school room. When but a lad, he began working upon public works in Ohio and Indiana, for his elder brothers, who were prominent contractors, and at the age of seventeen he was made superintendent of a large gang of men, continuing for several years on the public works of those States. In 1842. he became a resident of Dayton, where he engaged with his brothers, John and William, in quarrying stone, which he followed until 1853. In 1847, he was Connected with the firm of Dickey, Doyle & Dickey, in placing a line of packet boats on the Wabash and Erie Canal, and under the firm name of Doyle & Dickey built the 'reservoir lock at St. Mary’s, and the locks at Delphos. In 1845, he was one of the or- ganizers of the Dayton Bank, and for several years was one of its Directors. In 1852, he became a partner in the Exchange Bank with Messers. Jonathan Harshman, V. Winters and J. R. Young, and in l853, became one of the largest stockholders in the Dayton Gas Light & Coke Company, of which he has ever since been a Director. Mr. Dickey served as President of the Gas Company from 1855 to 1858, retiring on ac- count of ill health, but at the annual election in August 1880, he was again elected President, and is at present filling that position in such a manner, as to reflect much credit upon his business capacity and integrity. In 1852, he became identified with the Dayton Insurance Company, and also held an interest in the Dayton & Western R. R., being President of the latter company from 1854 to 1856, inclusive. In 1856, he sent to Kansas and invested largely at the first sale of the Delaware Indian trust lands, ind the following year put two hundred acres under cultivation, raising the largest crop )f corn grown in the State up to that time. Mr. Dickey was one of the organizers of he Dayton National Bank in 1865, and, since 1868, one of its Directors. By this it vill be seen that R. R. Dickey has been one of the most active and prominent business nen of this city for nearly forty years, doing his full share toward building up its moral md material interests. He was married June 27, 1850, to Miss Martha J. Winters, daughter of Y. Winters, Esq., of Dayton, of which union three sons have been born, the m eldest, William W. and Valentine B., being now extensive stock-growers in Col- irado. From the rough experience of his early life Mr. Dickey learned the virtues of self-reliance, industry and frugality, clear-headed, shrewd and cautious in business affairs. Seis, withal, a man of genial manners and generous impulses, one who is trusted and /espected throughout the community of which he has been so long a leading citizen. GEORGE B. EVANS, M. D., Dayton, was born in Franklin, Warren County, 3bio, April 1, 1855, where he received his primary education in the high school of lis native village, which he attended until 1873. Fie then entered the Hanover Col- lege of Indiana, from which he graduated in 1875. Having some knowledge of medi- ae, he commenced reading it with Dr. O. Evans, Jr., of Franklin, in the summer of 87 5 , and afterward attended the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati, from which he graduated in March, 1878. For two years thereafter, he practiced his profession in Hiddletown, Ohio. On the 17th of June, 1880, the Trustees of Hanover College con- erred upon Mr. Evans the degree of A. M., and in the following fall — September 15 — ie was elected Assistant Physician of the Dayton Asylum for the Insane, which posi- 206 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: tion lie now occupies. Mr. Evans has descended from a line of medical men, hit father and grandfather both being physicians and men who have reflected honor to the profession, the former, Dr. 0. Evans, Jr., now practicing in Franklin, Ohio, of which town he is a native and where his skill as a physician is duly recognized and appreciated, His wife, who was Jane Balentine, is also a native of Franklin. Our subject is a young man of promise, and we feel warranted in saying that in him will be sustained the reputation in the medical profession of the older Evans. He has recently been appointed to make the annual alumni address before the Alumni Association of the Medical College of Cincinnati, which meets in Music Hall, March 1, 1882. HENRY C. EVERSOLE, merchant, Dayton. The subject of this sketch was born in Van Buren Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, October 2, 1842. llis father, Abraham Eversole, one of the oldest and most respected citizens of Montgomery County, was born October 9, 1804, near Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, Va. where he spent his boyhood. During his minority, he was apprenticed as a weaver and worked at the loom ; but his inclination was for farming, and when he attained his majority he commenced this occupation, at which he worked during his whole life, unti within three weeks of his death. When grown to manhood, he left that part of tin beautiful Potomac Valley, the place of his birth, and located at Hagerstown, Md. where he united in marriage with Mary Logue, with whom he removed to Ohio, anc who died shortly after their settlement in this State, leaving two children, of whorr George, a prominent farmer living near Dodson, Ohio, is the only survivor. In 1834 Mr. Eversole was married to Margaret Folkerth, a lady of excellent worth, whosi amiable qualities and Christian virtues endeared her to all with whom she came in con tact. By this marriage, Mr. Eversole had ten children, three sons, the youngest dyinj in infancy, and seven daughters, all of whom, with the exception of our subject, art residing on farms in Montgomery County. Mr. Eversole died March 20, 1878, aftei forty-five years’ residence in Montgomery County. Our subject worked with his fathe; on the farm until the age of twenty-one, dividing his time in tilling the soil, attending district school three to six months in the year, and acquiring what knowledge he coulc at odd times in reading and storing his mind with useful information, thus attaining ; standing of literary culture seldom attained by young men under like disadvantages Immediately after becoming of age, he enlisted in the war for the suppression of th( rebellion at Cincinnati on the 4th of Biarch, 1864, as seaman on board the receiving ship Grampus, and was afterward transferred to the United States steamer “ Fairy,' No. 51, of the, Mississippi Squadron, under command of Commodore Porter, and, aftei serving his country faithfully, was discharged by reason of disability. His ship wai engaged in piloting transports up and down the Mississippi to Red River and the Gulf; Though engaged in no great battle, he experienced some lively encounters with rebel bushwhackers along shore. Six hours after the terrible inhuman and bloody massacn of the Union troops at Fort Pillow, his ship ran up under a flag of truce, while For rest and his murderers, calling themselves soldiers, were still in possession of the Fort and aided in caring for the wounded and burying the mutilated and charred remains o the dead. During a part of his service on shipboard, Mr. Eversole commanded a 32 pound gun with its compliment of twelve men. In 1865, he came to Dayton anc! entered the clothing house of I. P. Straus & Bro., and, after a few years’ service ii that establishment, he entered into partnership with E. Ries, under the firm name 0 j Eversole & Ries, and commenced the clothing business at the corner of Main an< Fourth streets, giving to this establishment the name of “Oak Hall” Clothing House In 1879, the business was moved to more commodious quarters at No. 32 East 'Hurt street, and in the spring of 1881 Mr. Eversole became the sole proprietor. ( nde his judicious management the business of tailoring and manufacturing ready-mad' clothing has made his house one of the most noted in the Miami Valley. He was mar ried, October 1, 1868, to Miss Nora B. Fairchild, an esteemed young lady, the tourtl of five children born to Este and Susannah (Carlisle) Fairchild, both natives of Ohio; Mr. Eversole is now serving his second term of two years on the Board of Education; where he is considered one of the strongest members, thoroughly devoted to educationa CITY OF DAYTON. 207 iterests, and greatly esteemed by his colleagues. Mr^ Eversole is the patentee of a aluable and ingenious invention for the use of invalids, known as the “ Invalid Waiter It Extension Bracket,” which is attached to a bedstead and forms a most convenient liver or stand upon which edibles, medicines, etc., may be placed within easy reach of lie patient. It is adjustable by extension by verticle movement, and has a free lateral iovement by which it is carried out of the way, and serves the place of a flower stand hen not in use. This gentleman is deservedly popular with all classes wherever Qown. His associations and acquaintance in this section of the State are large, having een with its people ever since boyhood to the present time, and like the popular and •osperous in all communities, is a self-made man, a graduate of the field and farm, and : ie possessor of an honorable record ; respected and conscientious in all his business ansactions, he deserves the emulation of the young and aspiring for honors in the ercantile world. ARNOLD 0. FENNER, manufacturer, Dayton, was born in Miami County, hio, in 1826. He is the son of Augustus Fenner. He worked on a farm until after s majority, except at intervals, when he attended school and college. He began teach- g school in the fall of 1848, at the Ludlow Street Schoolhouse in Dayton. He •ught at the Perry Street Schoolhousein 1851, and in 1852 was engaged at Troy, Ohio, pm where he returned to Dayton in 1853, and took the Principal’s position in the istern District, since known as the Turner Hall School. Here he continued until the bool removed to Fifth street in the fall of 1862, when he assisted in organizing a mpany for the One Hundred and Twelfth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which iis afterward consolidated with the Sixty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry. From the ne of the consolidation he served in the Army of the Tennessee. He was Acting ijutant of the Sixty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry during much of 1863, and Assistant ljutant General on the staff of Gen. J. W. Sprague, commanding the brigade during p Atlanta campaign. He subsequently took command of a company and participated in ■ the marches of the Seventeenth Army Corps through Savannah, Columbia, Fayette- le, Goldsboro, Raleigh, Petersburg, Richmond and Washington, up to the muster- t at Louisville. In the fall of 1865, he was given the principalship of Ludlow Street Pool which he retained until February, 1867, having on the previous January entered 0 a partnership with S. T. Cotterill in the tobacco-cutting business, in which he has utinued up to the present time. Theirs is the North Star brand of fine-cut tobacco, ich is known by tobacco users all over the United States. HENRY FERNEDING, maltster, Dayton, was born November 10, 1812, in irtinus, Dunglage, Grand Duc-hy of Oldenburg. At the age of 20 years, he came America, and arrived at Baltimore, Md., June 4,1833. From there he traveled on ft to Pittsburgh, and thence by river to Cincinnati, where he arrived in the following 1 nth. For six months while in Cincinnati he drove a milk wagon, but being broken 1 vn in health he left and came to Dayton, where he was employed as jigger and water frier to the men engaged in digging the Miami & Erie Canal ; but being taken down 1 chiils and fever he gave up his job and for six months lay upon a bed of sickness. 1,3 money being used during his sickness he sawed wood for a living, working every 1 er day when the chills were off. He next engaged in the distillery of Messrs. Horace Perry Pease, on Hole’s Creek, where he remained until 1839. Part of this time he c the work and received the pay of one and a half men. He next went to Milford, Imilton County, Ohio, where he worked four mouths in John Koogler’s distillery, her a two months’ illness in Milford he went to Hamilton and worked five months in ! distillery of Huston & Harper, in which he was terribly scalded by the bursting of 4 ! slop pipe, and was confined to his bed for three months with his injuries. He Drward returned to Dayton and worked for Snyder & Dryden in their distillery on He’s Creek. On May 6, 1840, he married Miss M. E. Saphon with whom he became auainted while at Milford. The result of this marriage was nine children, three of "3m grew up, viz. : James S., who was in business, but died at the age of twenty Jfs; M. Elizabeth, who died in her fourteenth year, and Clem. J., who still survives a i is the business partner of his father. Mr. Ferneding then worked one year in 208 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : James Riddle’s brewery on St. Clair street for $18 per month, after which he worke it on the shares, until 1845, when in connection with his brother, John Casper, an Frank Otten, he purchased the site of his present malt-house on Kenton street, an carried on there the business of malting and brewing until the partnership was di solved by the death of F. Otten in 1847, after which the two brothers continued th business under the firm name of J. & H. Ferneding. In 1850, they purchased th old Riddle Brewery, and in 1851 built in its stead the present malt-house on St. Clai street. Before the completion of the new building, Casper died, whereupon Hear bought his interest, August 29, 1851, and carried on the business alone until 1 85'. when Bernard Hollencamp became a partner and remained as such until 1857. Dm rag their partnership they purchased the brewery of James Kyle, at Xenia, and Carrie it on under the firm name of Hollencamp & Co., Mr. F. attending to the business <' Dayton and Mr. H. at Xenia. In 1857, Mr. H. became sole owner of the Xen: brewery, and Mr. F. continued the business in Dayton. These men had also rented tl malt-house of Henry Herman on Main street and carried on the grain trade for lii years. In 1859, Mr. F. feeling the want of better facilities for brewing lager bee built the City Brewery on South Warren street, now owned by Jacob Stickle. Th branch of his business he closed out in March, 1865, to Sander & Stoppleman. ] August 1861, he, in company with George and Andrew Mause, commenced the mam facture of flour under the firm name of Ferneding, Mause & Co. In September, 186 Andrew Mause retiring, Mr. F. and George Mause purchased the Hydraulic Mills Eichelberger & Bro., and ran it until July 1, 1867, when Clem J. Ferneding su ceeded Mr. Mause. In 1871, they sold this mill to Simon Gebhart & Sons. In Jul 1870, Mr. F. and his son purchased the Hydraulic Brewery, which thi conducted until January 1, 1871. when they sold out to N. Metz & C In August, 1872, Mr. F. with Hamilton M. Turner, Thomas Heckathorn ai James Niswonger purchased the Isaac Hay Distillery and warehouse at Brookvill Ohio, which they worked until August 1874, when Mr. F. exchanged his interest the distillery for the warehouse. In this connection he became agent for the Daytf & Union and Pennsylvania Central & St. Louis Railroad Cos. In July, 1878, was appointed one of the assignees of Hollencamp Bros., brewers of Xenia, and 1 good management succeeded in again putting their affairs on a good footing. Be now sixty-nine years old, and possesses a strong and vigorous constitution and bids fa to yet remain for some years in the world where he has spent a life of honest activil LEO FLOTRON, deceased, was born August 12, 1846, in St. Imier, canton Bern, Switzerland. He learned the trade of jeweling and engraving in Chan-c Fonds, France, at which he worked until he was nineteen years of age, a period of fi years. He came to this country April 14, 1866, and arrived in New York City, wb< he worked at his trade for some time. He then came to Osborn, where Mr. Shephen family lived, they being related to him. He stayed with them nine months, at 1 which he came to Dayton, and worked at his trade with Mr. Mosher, on Main stre and with Mr. Tyler. He commenced business for himself October 19, 1870, on Mi street, opposite the court house. On the 14tli of April, he married Miss Kate Rouz who was a native of Dayton, born June 16, 1852, and daughter of John and Mart J. (Diehl) Rouzer, who were both natives of Ohio. By his marriage Mr. Flotron h one son, John R., named after his grandfather Rouzer. In May, 1875, Mr. Floti embarked on the steamer Yille de Paris for Europe, where he remained three mont^ He returned August 10, 1875, on the steamer La France. He died June 19, 18 about ten months after his return from Europe. He was a consistent member ot t Presbyterian Church, in which he was baptized when three years of age. He t< out his naturalization papers in 1866, in the Clerk of Court’s office of this county, was a kind and indulgent father and a most estimable citizen, having the respect of i who knew him and leaving behind him a record of untarnished purity. To such m as he a published record of their lives is but a poor tribute to their worth. HUN. JOHN L. II. FRANK, Judge of the Probate Court, Dayton. This w known and trusted official of Montgomery County was born March 31, 1837, in Nc CITY OF DAYTON. 209 ausen, county of Brackenheim, Kingdom of Wurtemburg, Germany, and was the second i a family of five children, all of whom are now residents of this country. His parents ere natives of Kaltenwesten, on the Neckar, in Wurtemburg, but at the time of their larriage, in 1835, moved to Nordhausem, in the same county, where the Judge’s father ecame proprietor of the Waldhorn Hotel. Subsequently they moved to Heilbronn, a the Neckar. Young Frank had an uncle and aunt living in Leroy, Genesee County, f. Y., who requested him to come to America, and in March, 1852, when not yet fteen years old, he started by steamboat down the Neckar to the Rhine, thence irough France by railroad to Havre de Grace, a seaport in France, alone and friend- |ss, with not one soul on board whom he knew, or had ever seen before ; but he pos- ted a determination to fight his own way through life, and this, coupled with his con- ant industry and rigid integrity, helped him to win success. Upon reaching his uncle’s ouse, he soon became employed in the cultivation of fruit trees in his uncle’s nursery, here he worked faithfully until 1855, when he removed to Rochester, continuing the ime business at the Mount Hope Nursery; the following year a branch of the Mount Tope Nursery was established at Columbus, Ohio, and here he prosecuted his labors, ■.tending at intervals Antioch College, at Yellow Springs, Ohio, until the summer of 859. He being then in limited circumstances, a kind lady offered to loan him money i complete his studies, but declining the generous offer from motives of economy, he ent to Missouri to work in the Herman Nursery, and while quietly prosecuting his bors, in the spring of 1861, the tocsin of war sounded, and at the first call for volun- jiers he enlisted in Company B, Fourth Missouri Volunteer Infantry, in the three lionths’ service, but severe service brought on an attack of typhoid fever, and he as discharged in the fall of the same year. He soon after re-enlisted in the Tenth linois Volunteer Infantry, and although not perfectly recuperated, he stood the hard- iiips of one campaign until the fall of 1862, when he was again discharged on account If physical disability. He was soon after given a position in the Quartermaster’s office i St. Louis, where he remained until 1864, using his spare moments in reading Black- one and other elementary works furnished him by Judge Eaton. About a year after ar subject left Germany, his father died, and in a few years he sent for his mother ad the rest of the family, the former dying in Dayton, April 27, 1877 ; two of his rotbers and one sister reside in Dayton and one sister in Mattoon, 111. In 1864 udge Frank came to Dayton, where he continued his law studies under the tutorship f Craighead & Munger, making rapid progress, and being admitted to the bar Septem- er 2, 1867. He at once opened an .office and practiced his profession successfully for :veral years. He was married August 11, 1870, to Mary Lutz, a native of Germany, ho came to this country in childhood with her parents, and grew to maturity in Day- >n. Six children have been the fruits of this union, four sons and two daughters, all if whom are living. Politically, the Judge has always been a Republican, and in the dl of 1875, was nominated and elected to the office of Probate Judge. Commencing le duties of his office February 14, 1876, and in 1878 he was re-elected to the same osition, which was one of the strongest indorsements of his official worth and integrity, hen we consider that Montgomery County is largely Democratic. In all the rela- ons of life, Judge Frank is trusted and respected because, whether in private or pub- c life, he has always tried to do his whole duty. In the hour of the nation’s peril, he ;ood by the flag of his adopted country and, in this, as in every page of his career, he ;as guided by conscience alone ; affable and courteous to every one, he has won hosts f friends throughout the country. CHARLES T. FREEMAN, Sheriff of County, Dayton, was born July 31, 84:4, in Greene County. He came to Montgomery County with his parents during afancy, and settled in Van Buren Township. At the age of nine years, he removed to Lyton, at which time his father died and he was placed in school by his mother, and bceived as good an education as the country at that time afforded. After leaving phool, he engaged in business with Nicholas Ohmer, Esq., with whom he remained |°out three years, and then drove an express wagon for a number of years, after which e accepted a situation in the United States Express Office, in Dayton, where he re- in 210 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : mained until promoted to messenger of the company, which position he held for abou a year. In February, 18G6, he married Mary A., daughter of Joseph M. Turner, Esq bj whom he has had two children, both daughters. He was appointed treasurer of Turner’ Opera House in September, 1866, and filled that position until the destruction of th Opera House by fire, on Sunday morning, May 16, 1869. In January, 1873, he wa appointed Deputy Sheriff, under William Patton, and held that office during the twi terms of Mr. Patton, and one term under Mr. Albert Beebe, being a longer service, i: that position, than any deputy has ever held in succession in the county. In Septem ber, 1880, he received the nomination for Sheriff of the county by acclamation* anc was elected to that office at the ensuing October election. Mr. Freeman is a polite accommodating gentleman, of considerable popularity throughout the county, and hi; ability makes his election to the office of Sheriff one of the most satisfactory poiifcica moves the electors of the county have made in many years. JOSIAH GEBHART, white lead manufacturer, Dayton, was born Febnar 13, 1835, in Somerset County, Penn., where he attended the common school until pre pared for college. He then attended the Pennsylvania College, at Gettysburg, Penn for two years. At the age of thirteen years, he came West with his parents, and er tered the dry goods store of his father, as clerk. He engaged in the manufacture o linseed oil, with his father and Simon Gebhart, Esq., under the firm name of Gebhai & Co., in 1818, and remained until 1870. Then he commenced the manufacture c bailing goods, for packing cotton. He discontinued this business in 1879, and, i company with his son, Charles W. aud D. C. Floyd, Esq., commenced the manufacl ure of white lead, under the firm name of Josiah Gebhart & Co., as it now exists On the 3d of October, 1848, he married Miss Susan Wilson, daughter of Natlianh Wilson, and grand-daughter of George Newcom, an early settler of this county. B her he had two children, viz., Charles W. and Horatio L. The father of our subjec was born in Somerset, Penn., 1797, and was engaged in the dry goods business unt he came West. The mother, Catharine Walter, was born in the same place, in 130( They were the parents of five sons and five daughters, of whom three sons and thre daughters survive. The grandparents of our subject, John G. and Catharine Lehtna Gebhart, were natives of Berks County, Penn., and were the parents of five sons an three daughters. Of these, two daughters died in infancy. Mr. Gebhart, the subjet hereof, is a young man in the full prime of life, and fully merits the success that h; attended his efforts. HENRY C. GRAVES, manufacturer, Dayton, and a member of the! firm t Marshall, Graves & Co., was born near Elmira, Chemung County, N. Y., in May, 1 83l His father was Henry M. Graves, a prominent physician of Chemung County, wh died when the subject of this sketch was eleven years of age. A year later, M Graves accompanied his mother and family to Dayton, where he attended the distil and high school. When twenty years of age, he obtained a position as clerk with < B. Gilbert & Co., wholesale grocers and liquor dealers. He remained with this fir until 1868, when himself aud brother, George M., purchased the stock and trade ' the firm, and continued the business with good success until 1880. In the latter yea in connection with Albert C. Marshall, Mr. Graves purchased the business of tl Dayton Machine Company, and soon after removed it to the present location < the firm. The firm subsequently bought out Riegel & Co., manufacturers 1 engines. Mr. Graves was married in 1863, to Sally J., daughter of William Dicke a prominent citizen of Dayton, now deceased. Two sons have been given bless this union, William D. and Challie. Mrs. Graves is a consistent member ' the Presbyterian Church. Politically, Mr. Graves is Democratic, and has served h fellow-citizens as a member of the School Board and Police Commissioners. M Graves has been eminently successful as a business man, and has always evinced i active interest in the welfare of bis adopted city. He is a Director in the Dayton G Light and Coke Company, and Vice President of the company ; is also Vice Preside! of the Ohio Insurance Company. CITY OF DAYTON. 211 WILLIAM H. GRUNDY, physician, Dayton, was born in March. 1854. in Mavsville, Ky. His father was the late Rev. Dr. R. C. Grundy, of Cincinnati, his mother being a daughter of Mr. James Kemper, of same city. To the latter belonged itt one time nearly all that portion of Cincinnati now known as Walnut Hills. During :he period from 1854 to 1865, the Rev. Dr. Grundy had charge of churches in Mays- /ille, Ky., Memphis, Tenn. and Cincinnati, Ohio. On his death in 1865, his widow, {Vlrs. E. S. Grundy, moved to Dayton with her family. Subsequently she removed vith her sons to Hanover, N. H. William here began his preparation for college under he tutorage of Prof. John Lord, of Dartmouth College, and the Rev. Lemuel S. Tastings. After one year’s study here he went to Princeton, N. J., and studied a year inder the Rev. James O’Brien. He graduated with honor in class of 1875, from Princeton. Immediately afterward, he entered upon his medical studies in the College if Physicians and Surgeons, New York, and Long Island Hospital College, Brooklyn. Ifter practicing successfully medicine and surgery in Ellis County, Texas, Dr. Grundy emoved to his' former home in Dayton. He entered immediately into partnership vith Dr. William Egry, of Dayton, and on the departure of Dr. Egry for Europe, in •he summer of 1881, Dr. Grundy took charge of the entire practice. He is connected y family ties to most of the prominent families of Dayton, and in that way is iden ti- ed with the history of the city and county. CHARLES A. GUMP, manufacturer and merchant, Dayton, was born in Day- pn, Ohio, September 2, 1839. His education was obtained in the common and high ehools of his native city. He began his business life at fifteen years of age as a clerk i his father’s store, where he remained until 1866, when, in company with E. S. orgy, Esq., he opened his present mill-furnishing establishment under the firm name f Charles A. Gump & Co. Mr. Gump enlisted in the National Guards in 1862, and ssisted in opposing Morgan in his raid through Kentucky and Southern Ohio. His jeople were among the early pioneers of this State. His father, Andrew Gump, was orn in Frederick County, Md., November 17, 18(J7, and moved to Ohio with his .ther’s family in 1812. They first landed in Miami County, near Tippecanoe, where ley lived in a log cabin from which they could shoot deer at almost any time. The .mily consisted of the father, Jacob, mother and six children — Andrew, Israel, Jere- iah, Eli, Sarah Ann and Nelson. The mother died in 1823, and, as the father con- uded it would be impossible to keep the family together, Andrew, the eldest, came to 'ayton, where he arrived on the 1st of March, 1825, and commenced clerking in the iore of William Eaker, with whom he remained three years and four months. He arried Miss Ruth Crampton in October, 1829, after which he went to Little York, here he opened a general notion store, which he carried on for thirteen months. He ten moved the stock to Dayton and rented an old frame building on Second street, stween Main and Jefferson, of William Eaker, into which his stock was placed. Two- iars afterward, he increased his stock by buying the goods and building owned by Siam Broadwell. Three years afterward he sold his building to William Eaker, ho moved it to Wilkinson street, between Water and First, where it now stands. He en bought ground near the site of the old building and built a three-story business om adjoining one built at the same time by Samuel McPherson. In 1839, he built- ;,s present handsome residence, No. 118 West Second street, at a cost of $13,000. was the best house in the city at the time it was built. In 1858, he built the first one front store room in the city. In 1853, he built four brick houses on Water reet next to Liberty Street. In 1859, he tore down the old McPherson store rooms id erected a new four-story building. In addition to these he built a brick house in iami City and a double brick on West Second street. Surely this gentleman has |ne much toward the growth and improvement of his adopted city. He has retired pm active business life, but still watches with interest the rapidly increasing business his son, our subject, who is one of Dayton’s many solid and enterprising business en. HON. LEWIS B. GUNCKEL, lawyer and ex-Congressman, was born in German- wn, Ohio, October 15, 1826. His grandfather, Judge Philip Gunckel, and his father. 212 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Col. Michael Gunckel, were among the first settlers in Montgomery County, and besides other official positions, represented the county in the Legislature. Lewis B. Gunckel graduated at Farmers’ College in 1848, and at the law school of the Cincinnati Collect in 1851. He was admitted to the bar the same year, and has been in the active prac tice in Dayton ever since, holding a leading position, and enjoying a large and lucrative business. But he has always taken an active part in politics. He was a firm and con sistent Whig during the existence of that party. He refused to go into the “ Know Nothing” movement, but was among the first in Ohio to take his stand as a Republican and he has ever since remained a zealous and active member of that party. In 1856 he was a delegate to the Philadelphia National Convention, and afterward did efficient work for Fremont upon the stump in Southern Ohio. In 1862, he was elected to the Senate of Ohio, and continued a leading member during the memorable sessions of 1862 1863, 1864 and 1865 ; for the last three years of which time, he was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee. He was an ardent Union man during the war, and was noted it the General Assembly as the friend of the common soldier; one of his first bills bein', for relief of soldiers’ families. The constitutionality and expediency of the bill was thei questioned, and, in his speech in reply to Hon. W. S. Groesbeck, he closed by saying “ But we can economize elsewhere — retrench everywhere — -and save enough to the State in its local and general expenses, to make up the entire sum. But if not, we shouli bear it cheerfully, heroically. We must fight or pay. We ought to do both ; we mus do one or the other ! ” He was the author of the soldiers’ voting law, and of variou bills to send surgeons, nurses, medicines, etc., to the soldiers in the front, and to car for the widows and children of those who were killed in the service. He also introduce a bill looking to the establishment of a State Soldiers’ Home, and of a State Bureau fo the collection and preservation of the name, family, enlistment, service and valor of ever: Ohio soldier, and for gratuitous aid in procuring bounties and pensions. During tb session of 1863, Mr. Gunckel made a speech in support of the war, which the Republ , can papers printed in full, and pronouuced the ablest made during the debate. It wrjj afterward printed and circulated as a campaign document. In 1864, Mr. Gunckel wJ a Presidential Elector and canvassed the State for Lincoln. During the same year, h favorite idea was adopted by Gov. Brough, and a State Soldiers’ Home establish! near Columbus, with Mr. Gunckel as one of its Trustees. The next year, Congress ei larged upon the idea, and established the “ National Home for disabled volunteer sc diers,” and by joint resolution appointed Mr. Gunckel as one of its twelve manager After serving four years, Congress re-appointed him for the six years’ term, and durii the entire ten years, he was the efficient Secretary of the Board. In 1871, Mr. Gunck was appointed by the President of the United States, Special Commissioner to iavestiga frauds practiced upon the Cherokee, Creek and Chickasaw tribes of Indians, and his i port assisted the Government in discovering and prosecuting the guilty parties, and al making important reforms in the Indian service. In 1872, Mr. Gunckel was elected the Forty-third Congress from the Fourth District of Ohio. He served on the Commit! on Military Affairs, and his first speech in the House was upon the army appropriati bill, and in favor of a reduction of the army and of the expenses of the war estabiis ment. His speeches in favor of “cheap transportation,” and the ‘ equalization of s diers’ bounties, ” and against appropriating $3,000,000 for the Philadelphia Centenn Exhibition, attracted much attention, and were generally commended for their sound ■' gument and strong practical common sense. His shorter speeches were generally agaii “jobs ” and schemes of extravagance, and in favor of a more honest and economical : ministration of public affairs. He voted to repeal the act, passed by the preceding 0< gress and known as the “ salary grab ; ” and although entitled to the increased coinpi sation, refused to draw the same. During his Congressional term, he continued to p form the arduous duties of a manager and Secretary of the Board of the Soldiers’ IIoi but refused the compensation tendered therefor, and paid for his clerical assistance i of his own pocket. In 1874, the Republicans nominated him for a second term, buj was the “ off year,” and hard times, want of employment, the temperance crusade, ej caused his defeat and that of his party in Ohio. But the people of Dayton regard l CITY OF DAYTON. 213 Gun ck el’s best work, the establishment and successful management of the Dayton Sol- diers’ Home. Since the war, it has been his “pet idea,” and, seemingly, the ambition of his life. For twelve years, he worked quietly, unobtrusively, without pretension or boasting, but with wonderful patience and industry, under many discouragements, and with the burden of many other duties, public and private, until he succeeded in making the Dayton Home, not only one of the most beautiful and attractive places in the United States, but, confessedly, the largest and best institution of its kind in the world. When his long term as manager ended, the Board of Managers, including the President, Chief Justice, and Secretary of War, unanimously adopted resolutions expressing in most com- plimentary terms their regard for Mr. Gunckel, and returning to him their thanks for the ability, energy and industry, with which he had performed his duties as manager and Secretary. And at a banquet, subsequently given by the citizens of Dayton to the Board of Managers, Hon. George W. Houk, a prominent Democrat, complimented Mr. Gunckel for his efficient services in promoting the success and prosperity of the institu- tion, and Maj. Gen. J. H. Martindale, speaking for the board, and detailing its work, said: “ I recollect after the passage of the act, when we met together in the office of the Surgeon General, in the city of Washington. Gentlemen, Ohio was ably represented in that board. Salmon P. Chase, the great Chief Justice; the gallant, bold, defiant War Secretary, Edwin M. Stanton ; and I think it fair to say in this presence— I will not hesitate to speak of it — that if in this broad land of ours the very eye of inspiration had looked out for pure intelligence and ardent heart and generous enthusiasm to co- operate with that board, they could not have chosen better than the then local manager — Lewis B. Gunckel.” For several years past, Mr. Gunckel has devoted himself to the practice of his profession, making occasional addresses on public occasions. Although regarded as one of the ablest and most successful jury lawyers in Southern Ohio, it is known that he habitually uses his influence to prevent litigation, and settle cases already commenced; and has earned (if ever lawyer did) the blessings promised to peacemakers. Mr. Gunckel was married in I860, to Kate, daughter of V. Winters, and has two chil- dren living. His home is not only one of the happiest in Dayton, but, as many besides the writer knows, is “ given to hospitality.” THOMAS D. HALE, painter, Dayton, is the son of William Hale, of Hagers- town, Md., and Mariah (Shaffer) Hale, of Nashville, Tenn. His father was a steam- boat pilot, and moved his family from Nashville, Tenn., where our subject was born, to Louisville, Ky., in 1837. Our subject was born in Nashville March 29, 1835, and was therefore only two years old when his father moved to Louisville. He attended the common schools of Louisville until 1818, when he commenced learning the trade of house and sign painting, which he finished in Cincinnati in 1852. In 1854, he came to Dayton to work at his trade, and in 1860 opened a shop of his own, where he has since continued. He was married March 28, 1855, to Miss Katie E. Swain, daughter of Josiah and Mary (Bateman) Swain, of Dayton. By her he has had nine children, five boys and four girls, of whom three boys and four girls survive. Mr. Hale is a quiet, social gentleman, who has, by close application to busiaes-i, built up for himself a large and paying trade. He employs a uumber of hands, and keeps them constantly at work. Yet, few people know the extent of his business because he does not make a great “ blow ” about it. N. B. HOLDER, biographical historian, Greenville, Ohio, was born in Bolton, Mass., October 24, 1833 ; is a son of David and Ruth (Babcock) Holder, natives of same place. The paternal grandfather, Joseph Holder, was a boot and shoe maker by trade, which business he followed till his death. The maternal grandfather, Josiah Babcock, was a tanner by trade, which business, in connection with farming, he fol- lowed till his death. The ancestors of our subject were all Quakers. David grew to manhood, brought up to the same trade of his father ; was married, anu became the father of three children— Nathan B , Josiah B. and Charles A. He lost his wife by jdeath in December, 1844, aged thirty-five years. Our subject, when three years of jage, was taken by his mother’s sister Mary, and her husband, Jarvis Wheeler, and iraised to farm labor, receiving a good education in the common schools and high school 214 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: of Berlin, Mass., and at niueteen years of age commenced teaching school, by which he obtained some means, and in the spring of 1853, entered the S ate Normal School at Westfield, Mass. He continued his course of study here, by teaching winters to obtain means, till in the fall of 1855 he graduated and received his diploma. The following winter he taught school in Gloucester, Mass., and in the spring of 1856 emigrated to Minnesota, where he remained four months ; thence came to Dayton, Ohio, and in this vicinity taught two terms in a district school, and four terms in a select school, since which he has been engaged as a traveling salesman, and as a druggist, having been in the latter business about ten years. In January, 1880, he entered into the employ of W. H. Beers & Co., of Chicago, 111., as biographical historian, with whom he still re- mains. He was married, May 26, 1859, to Miss Maggie, second daughter of James and Nancy (Ainsworth) Lucas, he a native of Virginia, she of Pennsylvania. The paternal grandparents, James and Mary Lucas, were natives of Virginia, but who emi- grated to Ohio and located at or near Chillicothe just before or about the time of the war of 1812, and here they resided till their death. They were parents of eight children, all now deceased, James being the last one of the family to pass from the stage of action. He was born July 4, 1799, and when fourteen years of age was a teamster in the war of 1812 ; engaged in hauling provisions for the army, for which service in after years he obtained a land warrant for 160 acres of land. He grew up to manhood, in ured to the scenes and hardships of those early days; was married in the fall of 1825 to Nancy, daughter of James and Lydia (Crain) Ainsworth, natives of Pennsylvania, but who emigrated to Ohio about 1804, and here they lived for many years, being among the early pioneers, and partaking of the log-cabin life with all its roughness and many hard- ships. In after years, they became residents of Indiana, where they lived till their death. They were parents of ten children, six sons and four daughters, two only now surviving — Nancy and Margaret, now Widow Anderson. Nancy was born November 11, 1803, being about one year old when brought to this State ; was raised and grew to womanhood under the sturdy influences of pioneer life. Mr. Lucas and wife by their union had five children — Mary June, born June 4, 1826 ; Lydia Ann, born March 20, 1828, and died June 20,1828; Margaret, born August l", 1829; Caroline, born June 22, 1834; and Maranda, born January 20, 1838. Mr. Lucas started in life a poor boy, and with a very limited education, but with an energy and a will, determined to overcome all ob- stacles. He learned the millwright trade, which business he followed for several years in the vicinity of Dayton, along Mad River; thence he entered upon the milling busi- ness in partnership with Mr. George S. Smith, with whom he continued several years: thence he entered upon farming, purchasing 1 22 acres of land in the Mad River Valley, in Clark Countv, about two miles from Osborn. Here he lived until he retired from the more active labors of life by purchasing a fine property in Osborn, where in the fall ol 1855, he located with his family, where he resided until his death, which occurred May 30, 1874, aged about seventy-five years. Mr. Lucas was a man of' great energy and determination of character, who knew no such word as fail, and from a poor man be- came, by his own industry and economy, possessed of an ample competency, so that in his latter years he lived in comfort and plenty. He was a man of undoubted integrity, possessing the entire confidence of this community ; a man of great heart, it kind and loving husband and father, and his memory will be fondly cherished by his family and •many friends for ages to come. Mr. Holder and wife by their union have had three children — James L., born April 16, 1860; Roscoe W., born November 20, 1866; and Lee Everett, born May 20, 1871, and died January 30, 1872. JAMES W. HOTT, clergyman and editor, Dayton, was born near Winchester, Frederick Co., Va., November 15, 1844. He is the eldest child of a family of eight boys and two girls, children of Jacob F. Hott, who was a minister and a man promi- nent among the citizens of his native county. Of his eight children, three boys entered the ministry and one girl became the wife of a minister. Our subject, one ot the above three, was received into the Virginia Annual Conference of the United Brethren in Christ, at Edenburg, Va., February 16, 1862, and was appointed to a charge in Frederick County. He was ordained at Boonsboro, Md., February 22, j CITY OF DAYTON. 215 364, and stationed at Martinsburg, W. Va., after which he served the following [large s : Bdenburg, Va., from 1866 to 1868; Churchville, Augusta Co., Va., 1868 i 1871; Boonsboro, Md., 1871 to 1873, and Hagerstown, Md., in 1873, when he las elected, by the General Assembly of his church, Treasurer of the Home, Frontier id Foreign Missionary Society of the Church. He was chosen a member of the eneral Conference in 1869, and also to the succeeding ones in 1873, 1877 and 1881. le married Miss Martha A. Ramey, eldest daughter of Presley Ramey, of Hay field, rederick Co., Va., May 31, 1864, and by her has had born to him four daughters, iree now living, and one dead and buried in Dayton, where Mr. Hott has resided nee July, 1873. xAfter serving in the missionary work four years, he was elected litor of The Religious Telescope , the chief organ of the United Brethren in Christ, V the General Conference in 1877. To this responsible position he was re-elected in lay, 1881. In appearance, Mr. Hott is a slender, delicate looking man, with a very irey frame, and weighs 120 pounds. WILLIAM P. HUFFMAN, banker, Dayton, was born in Dayton, October 18, 313, Gis grandfather, William, who was of German descent, and grandmother, of nglish descent, emigrated to this country from Holland, some time in the decade Uowing 1730. and settled in Monmouth County, N. J., where their son William, the ther of our subject, was born May 24, 1769. The latter was married June 14, 301, to Lydia Knott, who was bom in Monmouth County January 19, 1779. By iis union they were blessed with live children, one sun and four daughters. The ? ther died on the 23d of January, 1866, and the mother on the 21st of March, |365. They came West and settled in Dayton, where their only son, William P., was >rn. He received a fair English education and read law under Warren Munger, sq., not with the intention of adopting that profession, but solely as a means of squiring a more thorough business education. Early in 1837, he left the city and ir ten years engaged in farming. October 18, 1837, he married Anna M., daughter ' Samuel Tate, of Montgomery County, by whom he had ten children, nine of whom le still living ; of these, William, the oldest, is a stone dealer ; the oldest daughter is the ife of E. -J. Barney, the second daughter, Mrs. James R. Hedges, of New York ity, und the third is the wife of Mr. Charles E. Drury, cashier of the Second National lank of Dayton. In the spring of 1848, he retired from the farm and has since been jgaged in real estate dealing and extensive building operations. He has been protni- intly identified with a number of local enterprises, among which are the “ Third ;reet Railway,” Dayton & Springfield Turnpike, Cooper Hydraulic Company, and the scond National Bank, of which he was an organizer and is now President. He was a Ur Democrat, but is not a strong partisan, looking to principles rather than parties, .e was formerly connected with the Second Baptist Church, but in 1878 became one ’ the constituting members of the Linden Avenue Baptist Church. For fifteen years e has been a member of the Board of Trustees of Dennison University, at Granville, Rio. He is a man of clear, sound, practical judgment, and is exceedingly careful and liable in all business transactions, as his success in life will attest. As a man of utegritv and moral worth, he has been recognized as a strong factor in molding the hristian sentiment of the community of which he has been so long a worthy and ispected citizen. WILLIAM HUFFMAN, stone dealer, Dayton. This gentleman, who is a son William P. Huffman, whose name appears elsewhere in this work, was born Septern- sr 5, 1838, in Mad River Township, Montgomery County, on the hill where camp lOrwin was located in 1862. He received his education in the private schools of l| ayton until he arrived at the age of sixteen ; he then went on his father’s stock farm i Lreene County, where he remained until 1868, when he returned to Dayton and igaged as a contractor for cut-stone work. In 1875, he commenced quarrying stone, aving three large quarries in Van Buren Township, and in this business .be still con- nues He was married, January, 3, 1862, to Miss Emily Huston, daughter of Israel ■id Elizabeth Huston, of Montgomery County. They have had eleven children, six oys and five girls, of whom four boys and four girls still survive. Mr. Huffman was 216 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: a member of the Council from 1871 to 1875, and President of the same body in 1874, He was a member of school board for 1878-79-80. He is a member of Dayton Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., and of the Masonic Order, being one of the first of the lattei fraternity to take the Scottish Rite degree. He is an affable gentleman of easy man ners, and is accounted one of Dayton’s solid business men. REV. JOHN R. HUGHES, minister, Dayton. More fortunate than many peopli of to-day, our subject is able to trace his ancestry back to his great-grandfather, William Hughes, who was born in Wales in 1723, and died at the advanced age of one hundred years. His son, Rowland, the grandfather of our subject, was also born in the ole country, but came to America in early childhood, and took up his residence in York County, Penn., where he continued until his death, which occurred January 4, 1779 He was married twice, having by his first wife three children and by his second sis Rev. Thomas Edgar Hughes, who was the sixth child by his second wife, was born ii York County, Penn., April 7, 1769. He graduated from Princeton College, New Jer sey, in 1796, and was ordained to the work of the Gospel ministry in the Presbytcriai Church in 1799. He died May 2, 1838, in the seventieth year of his life. H was the father of ten children — three daughters and seven sons. Four of th latter became ministers of the Gospel. The subject hereof is the youngest of th ten children. He was born in Beaver County, Penn., March 17, 1819. H graduated at Washington College, Penn., in 1845, and finished his Theological stndie at the Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny City, Penn., in 1848. He was paste of Rehoboth Church, Westmorland County, Penn , from November, 1849, until Decern ber, 1864, and Principal of Blairsville Ladies’ Seminary from April 1, 1865, until Jul 24, 1867. He took pastoral charge of East (now Memorial) Presbyterian ('hurcl» Dayton, Ohio, Nov. 24, 1879, in which capacity he still continues. He married Mis Ann Caroline Stewart, daughter of David Stewart, Esq., of Colerain, Huntingdon Co Penn., Oct. 16, 1851, and by her has had six children, two of whom died in ear) childhood. REV. JOHN KEMP, minister. Dayton, was born in Butler County, Ohio, At gust 29, 1813. His parents were John Kemp, a minister, who was born in Berk County, Penn., December 24, 1779, and died February, 1865, and Elizabeth (Zeilei Kemp, also a native of Berks County, born August 24, 1781, and died in Butkj County, in 1852. They were the descendants of an old German family that came t America some time between 1650 and 1655. Our subject’s parents were married i Montgomery County where they both located about 1806. They afterward moved t Butler County, where their first child was born. They had eight children, six gir and two boys. They alternated from Butler County to Montgomery County for a lor time, but made their permanent residence in the latter county about 1860. John, t) subject hereof, attended the subscription schools that existed in Ohio before the Sia adopted the present district school system. The higher brauches and sciences 1 studied without a teacher, as he also did theology. He was married September 1 1823, to Martha Clawson, daughter of Andrew Clawson, of Butler County, who dkj in February, 1844, leaving four children, two boys and two girls. He was again ma ried iu September, 1852, to Ann Williamson, daughter of Peter Williamson, of Ne Jersey, by whom he has had three children, two boys and one girl. Mr. Kemp e tered the ministry of the United Brethren Church iu 1849, the time previous to th having been spent in farming and keeping a general store in Butler County. His fir charge was the Mount Pleasant Circuit, of Hamilton County. He has filled the offi. of Presiding Elder for many years while in Butler County. He was also Missionaj Treasurer and Agent of the Missionary Society and is now a member of the board ai chairman of the executive committee of the Missionary Society. He is also a directii and the agent of the United Brethren Union Biblical Seminary, to which he mad^ donation of 810,0.00 in land toward its organization. Fie is a hard-working and worth minister of the church of his choice, having attended all the general couferene for thirty-five' years, and all the meetings of the Missionary Board since its orgaj ization, with the exception of one meeting of each. Of his children by his secoi CITY OF DAYTON. 217 rife, one is a graduate of the Cincinnati Eclectic College of Medicine, and is now gacticing in Dayton ; the other son, S. E. Kemp, is a graduate of Ottoman University, it Westerville, Ohio, and of the Ann Arbor (Mich.) Law School, and is now an attor- ney of Dayton. Of his children by his first wife, the eldest was kicked to death by a orse when eighteen years old; the next is a carpenter of Dayton; one daughter is Mrs. acob Walters, wife of the manager of the Globe Iron Works, of Cincinnati, and the ther is the wife of George Parks, a farmer of Illinois. WILLIAM KIEFABER, merchant, Dayton, one of the active and enter- rising business men of Dayton, was born in Elizabethtown, Lancaster County, Penn., lay 22, 1844. His parents were John and Josephine (Lipp) Kiefaber, natives of lermany. The family located at Dayton just prior to the late civil war. Our subject eceived the usual common school education, and on the breaking-out of the war, when ut a boy, enlisted, in October, 1861, as a private in Company E, First Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served in that organization for a period of three years, being ischarged with the company in October, 1864. He participated in many of the battles nd skirmishes in which the regiment was engaged, among which were Shiloh, Bridge Ireek, Stone River, Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga, Mission Ridge and Buzzard’s toost. In February, 1866, Mr. Kiefaber opened a grocery on the southwest corner of d and St. Clair streets, on a borrowed capital of $300. His store was stocked meager- 7 , but being endowed with business tact accompanied with other requisites for its prop- r use, he has from year to year increased his stock and added to its several departments, ntil to-day the business firm of William Kiefaber & Bro. is second to none of its kind i the city. The firm is William and Harry C. Kiefaber, who are importers of fancy roceries, fruits, wines, brandies, etc., and shippers of vegetables, berries, fresh oysters, •esh fish, etc. Their place of business is located at No. 118 East Third street. Our sub- let is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, belonging to Wayne nodge No. 10. He is also a member of the society of Sharp Shooters of Dayton. CHARLES F. KIMMEL, miller, Dayton, born in Dayton, Ohio, October 15, 843, and is a son of Augustus B. and Johanna L. Kimmel, who emigrated from Prus- a and settled in Dayton, in 1843. In April, 1861, he enlisted in the First Ohio Vol- nteer Infantry and served in different regiments during the war of the rebellion, b ing mstered out of service July 7, 1865, at Springfield, 111. After the close of the war, he ■aveled extensively over the South as well as all the Western States and Territories, tossing the American plains, Great American Desert and Rocky Mountains six differ- ent times. He has traveled upwards of 65,000 miles ; on water, 21,000 ; on foot, ,600 ; on cars, 38,000. Upon the 27th of November, 1870, he returned and located i Dayton. September 26, 1871, he was married to Miss Kate Ann Stephens, daugh- ;r of John G. Stephens, of Greenville, Ohio, by whom he had three children, viz. : flattie P., Willomette — and Elmer Ellsworth. ADAM KNECHT, superintendent of market, Dayton, was born in Dayton, larch 22, 1837. His parents, Adam Knecht, a native of Rhine Byrne, Germany, pd Rosina (Shiesley) Knecht, a native of Badisch, Germany, came to this country in ;834, and were married in Philadelphia in the same year. The father died in G873, aving his widow, who still survives, and a family of eight children — five boys and tree girls. Our subject attended the German common schools of Dayton until seven- ten years of age, when he graduated, after which for five years he kept books for his ither, who then kept a hotel, and then clerked for Nauerth & Son until the breaking- ut of the war, when he received a commission of First Lieutenant in Company A, 'iffy-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which he recruited. He served three years, assing through the engagements of Perryville, Stone River, Mission Ridge, Chicka- iauga, Kenesaw Mountain, Chattahoochie River, Peach Tree Creek and Atlanta, at ie latter place having his right foot taken off by the explosion of a shell. He eceived his discharge at Nashville, and after his return home was elected Superin- indent of the Markets, to serve eight years. At the expiration of this, time, he com- menced keeping a restaurant, after which he served two years as Deputy Sheriff, and l 1 1881 was again elected Superintendent of the Markets, in which capacity he still BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: ‘218 continues. He was married, October 25, 1859, to Miss Nettie Ross, daughter oi Robert Ross, of Dayton, wbo died in 1867 without issue. He again married Octobei 25, 1878, Miss Fannie King, daughter of Stacey King, by whom he had two children viz. : Nettie Rosina and Ella P. Mr. Kneclit is a member of the Red Men, Ancient Order United Workingmen, Grand Army and Old Guards. He served seven years in the old Independent Volunteer Fire Company. He is also a member in good stand ing of the Lutheran Church. JOSEPH KREBS, merchant, Dayton, was born in Bavaria, Germany, Octobei 5, 1842, and emigrated to America, with bis parents, at the age of four years. Aftei receiving a limited education in the Catholic school of Dayton, he commenced market gardening, which he followed for ten years. In 1869, he came into Dayton and opened a grocery, flour and feed store, in which business he has since continued, with the ex ception of two years, in which he kept a shoe store. He had built two storerooms and by his polite and affable treatment of patrons he has established a large and pros perous trade. He was married in 1869 to Elizabeth Hochwalt, daughter of Georg Hochwalt, of Dayton, by whom he has had nine children, six of whom are living, viz. Clara, Josephine, Joseph, Bertha, Karl H. and Anna R., the latter being the survivin' one of twins. CAPT. JOHN ULRICH KREIDLER, Superintendent of Street Railroad, Day ton, was born October 31, 1832, in Greenmettstetten, 0. A. Horb Wurtemberg, Ger many. His father, Joseph, was born iu 1800, in the above place, where he plied hi trade of blacksmithing until he came to America. His mother, Mary Ann Deeding was also born there in 1799. They had three children, John U., James S. and Mary born in the order named. The father, with his family, emigrated to America in 1847 and landed in New York on the 7th of June of that year. He went to the village o Charlton, Saratoga County, N. Y., where he remained until April, 1848, when h came to Dayton, where he died in June of the following year, with the cholera. Hi wife survived him until 1866, and his sou James until 1867. all dying in Dayton His daughter Mary is the wife of ex-Street Commissioner Julius Wehner, of Dayton Our subject attended the public schools of his native country until thirteen years of ag< when he commenced working at blacksmithing with his father, and so continued unti he came to America. Arriving in Dayton, he quarried stone, drove a canal boat frot Toledo to Cincinnati, and sawed wood for one year, and then learned shoemakinj under McCutheon & Vogt, at which he worked as journeyman until 1857, when h became solicitor for the Fireman’s Insurance Company, and continued until 1858. I 1858—59, he was on the police force and afterward solicitor for the Central Insurant Company, until the breaking-out of the war. At this time, he was a Lieutenant of tb National Guards, but, finding that his company was not going to the war he resigned!: commission and enlisted as a private in Company C, First Ohio Volunteer Infintrj April 16, 1861, and served four months. He then returned to Dayton and resume his business, but in August, 1862, re-enlisted as Captain in Company E, One Hui dred and Eighth" Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in which he served until Deceit her 7, 1862, when his company was captured at Hartsville, Tenn. When he r enlisted, his company presented him with a handsome sword, which he promised the: should never be taken ; when taken prisoner he broke this sword in the face of tl enemy, and for this offense he, of all his company, was the only man not paroled. 1 endured all the horrors of the rebel prisons at Atlanta and Libby for four months, at then, April 17, 1863, was exchanged at Annapolis, Md. He continued in the scrvii until February 10, 1864, when he resigned his command, because the Colonel of b regiment, who had been tried, convicted and dismissed from the service as a horse -thi( was re-instated. The Captain had called him and believed him to be a horse-thief, ai couldr: t endure the idea ol fighting beside such a man. On his return to Dayton, studied book-keeping, and was elected City Clerk in April, 1864. He was re-elect three times, but resigned during his fourth term and engaged in the grocery busine: In May, 1868, he was elected First Lieutenant of Police, but was legislated out of ofli in the winter following. In the spring of 1869 his successor was elected bat nevi CITY OF DAYTON. 219 Milled, and he was ordered to remain on duty, notwithstanding a number of lawsuits iainst him and a conviction for usurpation of office. He continued to draw his pay itder the orders of the Superior Court until 1870, when he was fully vindicated by a jcision of the Supreme Court of the State. In the spring of 1870, he was appointed fperintendent of the Dayton Street Railroad, Route No. 1, and has since continued ^valuable and efficient officer of that service. He was married, November 28, 1854, ■ Miss Rosa Bobe, daughter of John Bobe, a well-known stone-mason of Dayton, and ana (Hengstler) Bobe, who are still living. By this marriage he was blest with three iiys and two girls, viz. : Edward (who died in 1857), John E., William A., Rosa 0. id Caroline C. Mr. Kreidler was a Captain two years, and Secretary five years, of the J Deluge Volunteer Fire Company, No. 4. He was also Captain of (he Knights of I. George, the first company of uniformed Catholics in the United States. His ifeckered career has given him a knowledge of men that well fits him for the office he w occupies, where he has a great many m'en under him. In the above, we have ’glected to say that from 1857 to 1860, he studied law with D. W. Iddings, and be- ne an active Notary, but never applied for admission to the bar. JACOB KUNZ, Sr., barber, Dayton, is the son of Phillip and Catharine Mar- get (King) Kunz, natives of Bozen Bark, province of Rhine Byrne, Bavaria. They ’re the parents of six children, three girls and three boys. The father, who was born i 1800, died at the age of sixty-five years, and the mother died in 1863, aged sixty- itr years. Jacob, our subject, came to America with one brother, in 1845, and Med in New York, from whence he went to New Orleans, but shortly afterward re- i! - ned to New York. He soon after located in Sandusky, Ohio, and in 1848 came to yton, where he worked in a barber shop for two and a half years, after which he timed a shop of his own. He was married January 18, 1852, to Louisa Catharine Ibht, daughter of Frederick Ficht, of Dayton, by whom he had ten children, six If.s and four girls, of whom five boys and three girls now survive. Mr. Kunz has hn a great traveler in his time, having in his youth traversed the whole of France si Switzerland, and in his riper years a large portion of the United States. He was t? Coroner of Momgomery County from 1872 to 1876 inclusive. He is a member of filler Lodge, I. O. O. F., that being the only secret organization to which he now 1 ougs. DANIEL C. LARKIN, City Fire Depirtment, Dayton. Among the many im- j'tant positions in the city of Dayton, none is more responsible than the one held by c; subject. As a General in war guards our lives and property from the hands of the e)mv, so he in peace guards lives, property, and loved ones from the ravages of that [ destroyer, fire. Daniel was bornin the city of Sandusky, Ohio, July 29, 1849. He (son of Thomas and Ann (Ryan) Larkin; he is a native of Connecticut, and she (Ireland. Thomas was killed by the explosion of a locomotive, near Sandusky, Ohio, > ae4, 1875. He had been an engineer on the C. S. & C. R. R. some thirty years. «jp regular engine was in the shop for repairs. He was sent out with an old, inferior t;ine, and when about two miles from home it exploded, killing Mr. Larkin instantly, hniel attended school until fourteen years old, when he entered the car shops of the C. S. ‘p. R. R., where he worked two years as an apprentice, and then went on the road (fireman. When he was eighteen years old he was promoted to engineer, and given ' arge of the construction train and some thirty men, over which he had entire control. Ler running said train quite a while he was promoted to an engine on the road run- : g regular trips. In August, 1872, he resigned his position on the C., S. & C. and asepted one on the C., C., C. & I., and continued with the same, running the Dayton -commodation between Dayton and Cincinnati, until 1875, when he quit railroad- H ( on account of the death of his father), and accepted a position with Kueisley & 1 Intire, of Dayton, taking charge of their line of drays, and at the dissolution of si firm, continued with Mr. Kneisley, and when Mr. Mclntire opened his store took ®j r n e of the draying for both firms. In July, 1880, he was appointed Chief Engineer Hie Dayton Fire Department. He was married, May 26, 1875, to Miss Anna Hart- (t, daughter of Moses and Julia Hartnett. They have three children, viz.: Morris, H 220 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: May A. and Thomas. Mrs. Larkin was born in Dayton, January 10, 1856. Duri Mr. Larkin’s service on the railroad he never had an accident to his train on account neglect on his part. Dll. CHARLES Id. LEAMAN, dentist, Dayton, is the sixth child of Nathan: and Clarissa H. W. Leaman. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, June 24, 1845, the north side of Fifth street, between Walnut and Main, where the new custom hou is being erected. At the age of fourteen years, he left school and went to work Meader& Co.’s furniture warerooms, where he remained six months, after which i lather obtained for him a situation in J. W. Gordon’s drug store, corner of Eighth a Central avenue, where he clerked until June 24, 1861, when he received the appoii ment of Surgeon’s Steward in the U. S. gunboat “ Pittsburgh,” a heavy iron-clad, car ing a 100-pound Dahlgrene, three bow guns, four 64-pounders and two 32-pounders the broadside, and two 32-pounder stern guns. His vessel, with Commodore Foot and others, proceeded under orders up the Cumberland River to attack Fort Donels In the engagement that followed the “ Pittsburgh ” had two men mortally wounded, a received several shots, one of which, a 128-pound solid iron ball, penetrated the bt causing the vessel to sink just outside the range of the enemy’s guns. Here, with th feet of water on the gundeck, Dr. Leaman stayed all night attending the wound until he almost perished with cold. They were raised next day and the crew tra ferred to the “ Mound City,” while the “ Pittsburgh” was being repaired. The Doc served as Surgeon’s Steward until 1863, when he came home and stayed seven da but receiving the appointment of Master’s Mate again entered the navy. He left C einnati on the gunboat “ Glyde ” to New Orleans, where he received orders to report Rear Admiral Porter, and afterward to Rear Admirals Davis and Lee. He was nineteen heavy engagements and received one wound in the head. While in the na he conceived a liking for dentistry and studied it during that time. He received final discharge in 1865 and came to Dayton to study dentistry with Dr. L. Hubhs with whom he stayed until 1867, when he commenced traveling for “ Crook’s Wine Tar,” but returned to his profession, and March 1, 1868, entered into partnership v Dr. A. Sheets. January 1, 1869, this partnership was dissolved by mutual const and he began practicing for himself on Third street, east of the canal, where he c tiuued until 1878, when he removed to his present handsome and commodious rot on the southwest corner of Third and St. Clair streets. May 23, 1867, he was un: in marriage to the eldest daughter*of Dr. 0. Crooks. LYMAN W. LELAND, of the firm of Leland & Dougherty, boiler makers, I ton. was born at East Douglass, Worcester County, Mass., in June, 1817- His fat Oliver Leland, was a millwright by trade, and a general mechanic of undisputed abi He built large grist-mills at Oxford, and for many years was prominently identi with the milling interests of the Bay State. Mr. Leland spent the first seven year his life at Uxbridge. His parents then removed to a farm near Sutton, where our . ject remained till eighteen years of age, receiving but a limited education. In the la year he went to Worcester, Mass., and learned the trade of a general machinist. 1840 he entered the employ of Bradley & Rice, the employers of probably the set largest car works in the Union. After remaining with this firm nearly five years, Leland went to Springfield, Mass., and accepted a similar position with Dean, Pad & Mills, in the same business. A year later the firm made an assignment and close! business. Mr. P. came to Dayton to engage with E. Thresher, now retired, who, E. E. Barney, established the present Barney & Smith car works, and sent for mat ery formerly used by Dean, Packard & Mills, at Springfield, Mass. About a year aftei commencement of the new car works, Mr. Packard needed a trusty and competent in his, machine shop. He sent for Mr. Leland, who accepted the position, and in temher, 1852, took charge of the entire machinery department of the now faruou works. He remained in that important position until 1871, faithfully and hon discharging the manifold duties resting upon him with ability and dispatch duringj long term of twenty-one years, nearly a quarter of a century. To Mr. Leland ma;j attributed the mode! of neatness and good working order of the machinery in that CITY OF DAYTON. 221 irtment at the present time. Mr. Leland’s long term of hard service had seriously ipaired his health, and one year was spent in traveling over the West, seeking re- lation and health, away from the dull routine of business life. In 1873, he became mnected with James Dougherty in his present business, a history of which will be mnd in the chapter of manufacturing industries. In early life, Mr. Leland was a usic teacher, and, upon coming to Dayton was solicited by the Wayne Street Church i take possession of its school. He led the singing two winters, and then organized le choir of the First Baptist Church, which he led for fifteen years. For bis generous rvices the choir presented him with a gold-headed cane as a token of their friendship od esteem. Mr. Leland and family are members of this latter denomination. JACOB F. LENTZ, retired farmer, Dayton. Jacob F. Lentz was born in the .ingdom of Wirtenberg, Germany, November 28, 1806. He is a son of Jacob and redericka Lentz, both natives of Grermany. In 1816, the father, mother and four lildren, viz., Jacob F., Fredericka, Elizabeth and Barbary, set sail for America. After fing taken hither and thither on rhe ocean at the mercy of the officers, instead of nded in America. They were shipwrecked on the west coast of Norway, nine months om the time they started from Germany. They were kindly taken care of by the tizens of Bergen, and lay in the hospital there one year and ten days, when they again iok passage for America, and at the end of two months landed at Baltimore, Md., here the father, mother, Jacob F. and Fredericka, were apprenticed sufficient time to ay their passage, which was $30 each for father and mother, and $15 each for Jacob lid Fredericka. Elizabeth died on the ocean, and Barbary was a babe. Jacob and Iredericka not only worked long enough to pay their own passage, but took one-half iom both father and mother’s share of their passage. Jacob worked eight years at the Dtter trade, and Fredericka six years at house work. The father and mother after aving served their time, being about six months, were released, when they moved to umberland County, Penn., where they lived about eight years, and then removed to lontgomery County, Ohio, where they lived the remainder of their natural lives. The ther died at the age of eighty-seven years, and the mother at the age of eighty-two Bars. After Jacob (the subject of this sketch), served his eight years, and completed is trade, he also came to Montgomery County, Ohio, to his parents, in 1830. After opping a short time in Dayton, he went to Germantown, where he remained a short me, and then to Warren County, Ohio, where he entered into partnership with Isaac enner in the potter trade. After remaining here a short time, he sold out, and re- moved to Preble County, Ohio, and then to Montgomery in 1832, where he purchased farm, carrying on the pottery in connection with farming. In 1858, he sold his farm ivhat is now the Soldier’s Home), and moved into Dayton, and engaged in the real state business, in connection with Mr. Applegate. He was one of the incorporators jf the Home Avenue Bailroad, was also one of its directors five years, and Secretary ad Treasurer of the same four years, of the five he was Director. He was married lay, 6, 1830, to Sophia Schweitzer. They have five children, viz., Cyrus, Charlotte pow Mrs. Daniel Johnson), Harriet (now Mrs. Jacob Shoemaker). Margaret (now Irs. C. Stimson), and Jacob F., Jr. Mr. Lentz has been a faithful member of the mtheran Church since his seventeenth year ; was an elder of the church in Dayton for uite a uumber of years. His school days were altogether sixteen months, two months ach year while he was an apprentice. But by improving his leisure moments by reading ood books, he has gained a very fair education, and is well informed on all leading topics, he present site of the Soldiers’ Home is due mainly to his recommendation of the lace. He has now retired from active business, having been a hard-working, indus- 'ious man. He has also taken pride in sustaining his character, which has always been hove reproach. JOSEPH LIGHT, Superintendent Gas Works, Dayton, is a son of tjeorge Light, native of the South of England, and Ann (Bmtherford) Light, a native of the north f England, who were married in London, and had twelve children, seven girls and five oys, of which Joseph was the youngest. He was born in London June 16, 1833, and Qtil thirteen years of age attended the pay schools in his native city. He afterward 222 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: worked in a factory, where gas machinery was made, until nineteen years of age. wlie he emigrated to America, and after landing in Nejv York, came straight to Cincinnat Ohio, where he remained three years. In 1855, he was engaged as Superintendent r the JOayton Gas Works, and in that capacity, came to this city where he has since su perintended the works of the above-named company. In 1855, he married Catharin Lee, daughtep-of Richard Lee, of Cincinnati, and by her has had six children, thre girls and three boys. Mr. Light is a man of thorough business qualities, understand his work perfectly, and during his twenty-seven years of service here, has given th best possible satisfaction. He is a member of the Park Presbyterian Church, and r the following societies: I. 0. 0. 1C, Masonic, Knights of Pythias and Kni»'hts c Honor. JOSEPH E. LOWES, physican, Dayton, Ohio. Among the men who merit place in the history of this county, none are more worthy than Dr. Lowes, who cam among us fresh from the lecture room, and by close attention to business and profet sional worth, has established a practice second to none of his school in the city. Hi father, John, called by the Indians “ Honest John,” was born in Cumberland Count: Eng., in 1811, and came to Canada a short time before the “ Six Nation ” war. After r< maining here six years, he returned to England, where he married Miss Isabella Bati man, of Cumberland County, and with her again came to America, settling in Bran! ford, Brant County, Ont., where he still resides. He was the father of five boys an seven girls, of whom our subject was born July 25, 1848, in Onondaga, an Indian va ley close to Brantford, where his father was at that time engaged in farming. He m educated in the common and high schools of Brantford, and then took a years’ privat instruction under an eminent Irish teacher, named Moore. He was only twelve yeai old when he entered high school, and commenced the study of the higher branches t literature and the sciences, and at fifteen he graduated therefrom with the higb’ei honors. At sixteen years of age, he commenced reading medicine in Brantford wit Prof. Allen, and afterward attended lectures in Cleveland Homoeopathic Medical Co lege, where Prof. Allen was Professor of Anatomy. At twenty, he completed his medic: course and graduated, but could not get his certificate, which was withheld until li arrived at age. During the year intervening, he entered the office of Dr. S. A. Bovi ton as partner. In 1868, he came to Dayton, where he entered into a partnership wit Dr. Bosler, who died five months thereafter, leaving his practice to our subject, wb has ably conducted it since with the best success. In the fall of 1868, he was marrie to Dr. Hosier’s daughter, Meloezene, by whom he had one child — a daughter. Hj wife died in 1870, and in 1879 he was again married to Emma Jane Robbins, daugl ter of Ira Robbins, of Union County, Ohio. By her he also had a daughter hoi December 1, 1879. Dr. Lowes has the reputation of being the best Homoeopathic pliys cian in the county, and the best surgeon in the county, with a single exception. He a Republican, and has always taken an active part in politics. He was Vice Presidet of the School Board for five years ; was a member of the County and City Republ can Central Committees, and Surgeon of the Fourth Regiment. He has always bee an active, influential and energetic partisan leader. THOMAS 0. LOWE, Dayton, lawyer and ex-Judge of the Superior Court < Montgomery County, was born in Batavia, Clermont Co., Ohio, February 11, 183S is a son of Col. John W. Lowe, of the Twelfth Ohio Infantry, who was killed attf battle of Carnifex, W. Va., September 10, 1861. Judge Lowe is a grandson of >Jud« Owen Fishback, of Clermont County, Ohio, and great-grandson of John Fishbac who fought under Morgan at the battle of the Cowpens, South Carolina, in the wsj which resulted in the independence of the colonies. The boyhood days of our subjei were spent in Batavia, Ohio, where he acquired his primary education to such a degrej as to fit him for “ Farmers College,” near Cincinnati, at the age of fourteen. From tl year 1852 to 1854, he diligently and judiciously applied himself in that institution learning, when it was under the Presidency of Freeman Cary and the venerable D Bishop who was professor of Political Economy and History. In May, 1855, he can to Dayton, and entered the banking house of Ellis & Sturge, of Cincinnati, wil CITY OF DAYTON. 223 hom he remained until their failure in November of the same year. The study of j.w was then taken up under the direction of his father, Col. John W. Lowe, and the immer of 1856 accepted a position in the bank of W. B. Shepard & Co., of Nashville, enn., and January 1, 18 — , took a better and more lucrative position in the bank of fiddle Tennessee, at Lebanon. He adhered to the study of law while supporting hirn- ilf in the employment of the above-named banks; returned to Dayton in July, 1857, id on November, 11, of the same year, his nuptial was celebrated with Miss Martha, dest daughter of the late — Harshman, Esq., of Dayton. The issue of this aion is four children, of whom two survive, one son in his twentieth year and a daugh- ,r in her twelfth year. The Judge has continuously resided in Dayton since his mar- |age. He was admitted to the bar on Gen. Washington’s birthday, 1859, but continued the banking business until May, 1862, when he first began the practice of his profession, n January 1, 1864, he was appointed by the County Commissioners as County Auditor, fill a vacancy caused by the death of B. M. Ayres. This office he filled until March 1865, when he resumed the practice of law, to which he was devoted until the October betion of 1870, when he was elected Judge of the Superior Court of Montgomery Coun- !, which position he filled with undoubted ability for the full term of five years. At the piration of his term in July, 1876, he the second time resumed the practice of law, d is located on the northeast corner of Third and Jefferson streets. During his resi- uce in Tenuessee, he was kindly treated by prominent gentlemen of political standing, ch as John Bell, ex-Gov. William B. Campbell, Robert Hatton and others, and be- pe a very enthusiastic member of the “ Crittenden and Bell” party that endeavored the border States to avert the inevitable conflict between the North and South, fter the outbreak of the war, he became a member of the Democratic party, and re- ived from it the official honors above mentioned. In March, 1855, he joined the bird Street Presbyterian Church, but on his return from Tennessee connected himself :th the First Presbyterian Church, and in 1872 went with others to the assistance of irk Street Presbyterian Church, which was then in difficulty, and to which church he ill adheres. 1 He was one of the organizing members of the Young Men’s Christian ssociation, and has ever been an active and valuable member in all enterprises tending i the elevation and progress of the rising generation. E. B. LYON, manufacturer, Dayton, is a descendant of one of the old Puritan nilies of Massachusetts. His grandfather, Peter Lyon, was born and raised in Massa- ■ usetts, and was there twice married, once to a Miss Severn, a daughter of one of t'i first families, and the second time to Miss . By these two marriages be G ten children. The father of our subject was of the issue by the second wife, G was born in Massachusetts in 1813. He was a paper maker by trade, and •lowed this business until his death, being the third generation of his family in the me trade. He was married in Newton, Mass., to Sarah Hager, by whom he had bn to him one daughter and four sons. He came West with his family during the v r of the rebellion and settled in Middletown, Ohio, to work at his trade, but left hre in a short time and went to Indianapolis, Ind., where he died in October, 1864. hr subject was born in Chaplin, Windham Co., Conn., December 17, 1840, and spent ) youth in the common school of his county. At sixteen years of age, he began clerk- * in a store, where he remained until November, 1861, when he enlisted in Company 1 Twenty-fourth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers. He was in the engagements a Roanoke Island, New Berne, N. C., and all through Burnside’s expedition and the Lth Carolina campaign. His regiment was also in the Forlorn Hope charge on •Gris Island, and at the capture of the works in front of Fort Wagner, where each Bin in Companies K and F had to carry two shovels and a pick in addition to their a ;is. Mr. Lyon was also on provost duty at St. Augustine and Jacksonville, Fla., al - in the campaign of the Army of the James, through all their hard fighting. He "i discharged November 8, 1864, the day after the battle of Chapiu’s Farm, and, a w spending a month in Boston, came to Dayton, where .his brother was living, and "ere his father was buried. He was married in April, 1866, to Ella Maria Broad- " I, of Dayton, who bore him three daughters, two now living. When he came to 224 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : Dayton in 1864, he worked in a paper-mill for a time and then became receiving clerk in a freight depot, after which he commenced the manufacture of slats and trunk ma terial, in which he is still engaged. He is a member of the Knights of Honor ami Old Guards. Before the redistricting of the city, he was elected Councilman from th< Fourteenth Ward, he being a stanch Republican and the ward being strongly Demo cratic. He was ousted from office by the abolishment of his ward. GEORGE W. MALAMBRE, Dayton, was born in Baltimore, Md., May 20, 1827 His father removed with his family to Dayton in April, 1836, in a one-horse wagon being four weeks on the journey ; has lived in Dayton ever since with the exception o a short residence in Maryland from July, 1865, to October, 1868 ; in boyhood attende< the common schools of the city and then at the old Dayton Academy preparing for col lege ; entered the Junior class at Miami University in October, 1846, where he remainoi till the latter part of January, 1848, and February of the same year entered the senio class at Center College, Danville, Ky., and graduated there in June, 1848; immediate!' came home and entered upon the study of law with the late W. J. McKinney, whi was then Clerk of the Courts of Montgomery County ; in July, 1850, was admitted t the bar by the old Supreme Court on the circuit at Maumee City, then the count seat of Lucas County — the present Chief Justice of the United States and the distic guished and eccentric Spink, of Perrysburg, being on the Committee of Examination commenced the practice of law in Dayton, and has ever since continued in the practice was chosen City Clerk of the city of Dayton in 1851, and was continued in that offic till April, 1855, when he declined a re-appointment ; June 2, 1856, was elected to fi a vacancy in the Council from the Fourth Ward ; since then has held no office of an kind ; on the breaking-out of the c vil war he, for about a year, edited the U'nio Democrat. ALBERT C. MARSHALL, manufacturer, Dayton. The subject of this skelc is a member of three large business firms of Dayton — senior member of Marshal Graves & Co., manufacturers, Marshall & Baker, hardware merchants, and Ootterl Fenner & Co., manufacturers of tobacco. He was born at Connellsville, Penn., in 184 His father was Samuel Marshall, who came to Dayton in 1842, and became a memb of the firm of Gebhart & Marshall, stone manufacturers, and pioneers among the mail ufacturers of the Yalley City. Mr. Marshall quit school at the age of sixteen year) after having spent three years as a clerk. At the age of seventeen he purchased stock of hardware, and located in business in that part of Dayton called “ Oregon being a pioneer merchant in that part of the city. Although a young man, his natui business traits and energetic nature soon placed him among the solid business men that day, and his business has steadily increased to the present time. In 1875. Jol F. Baker was admitted as a partner, and the firm became Marshall & Baker, und which name it has since done business. Mr. Marshall became interested in the firm Cotterill & Fenner, and soon after the firm name was changed to Cotterill, Fenner Co. He has since devoted almost his entire time and attention to this branch of bu ness. In 1879, he purchased the stock and trade of the Dayton Machine Co., and 1880 Henry C. Graves bought a half-interest, changing the firm name to Marsha Graves & Co. This firm ranks among the prominent manufacturing industries Dayton. Mr. Marshall was united in marriage in 1864, to Laura Zeller, a native Cincinnati. They have two children — Bessie and Harry. Mr. Marshall and wife : members of the Third Street Presbyterian Church. Having been identified with t early growth of the eastern part of the city, Mr. Marshall’s real estate operations h: proven very profitable. He has toiled early and late since commencing a mercanl career, and by his own individual efforts has succeeded in winning a place among 1 solid and substantial business men of the “ Rochester of Ohio.” The houses with wh: he is connected occupy the front rank in business circles. A detailed history of J Marshall’s business career might justly be termed “ a record of a busy life.” FRANCIS J. McCORMICK, merchant, Dayton, was born in Ross cc ! mon, Ireland, November 25, 1843. His father, Frank McCormick, was born in above place in 1798, and died there March, 1848. His mother, Elizabeth (Cox) J CITY OF DAYTON. 225 lormick, was born in the same place in 1803. Francis J., our subject, came to iinerica with his mother in 1848, and after a two years’ residence in Boston, moved to andusky, Ohio, where they lived until January 9, 1855, when they came to Dayton, ’rancis attended the common schools of the city for three years, after which he served j 3 railroad fireman and engineer twenty years. , At the expiration of this time, he pened his present store on Jefferson street, where he keeps a very large and hand- le stock of all kinds of gas and lamp fixtures, and plumbing material. He was aarried, January 31, 1870, to Miss Bridget Gibbons, daughter of Martin and Ellen -ibbons, natives of Ireland, but now residing in Northern Ohio. As a result of this nion they have had the following children : Frank, Elizabeth, William (since deceased), lad Martin. Mr. McCormick was a member of the City Council from 1878 to 1882, id is a consistent member of St. Joseph’s Catholic Church. JOHN J. McILlIENNEY, physician, Dayton, was born in Adams County, eon., Sept. 24, 1813. His parents, Samuel Mcllhenney and Sarah Huuter, became uneers of Brown County, Ohio, in 1814. Of a family of eleven children, our subject the only surviving son. At the age of fifteen, he was left fatherless, and thrown itirely upon his own resources. He at once entered a printing office, and followed rat trade for about four years, during which time he acquired more valuable practical aowledge than at any other period of his life. He then spent a short time at a manual bor school in Hanover, Ind., where he earned his way by chopping wood. Having losen medicine as his profession, he commenced study at the age of twenty, in George- wn, Brown Co., Ohio ; attended medical lectures in Cincinnati, and began practice in rown County in the spring of 1836. In the following year, he moved to Fairfield, reene Co., Ohio, where he remained eighteen years. In 1843, he became an alumnus 'the Willoughby University, near Cleveland, Ohio, now the Starling Medical College Columbus, Ohio. In May, 1855, he located in Dayton, which has since been his sidence. May, 1856, he was appointed Superintendent and Physician of the Dayton isane Asylum, and so remained for six years, during which time the duties which de- lved upon him were discharged with remarkable precision and success. No man ever ft an institution with a better record. His patients were much attached to him, and s employes, to this day, regard him with a degree of kindness seldom equaled. For ree years subsequently, he was in professional service in the United States Navy, act- g as surgeon in the Mississippi Squadron. He then returned to Dayton, and has ace been in active practice, and occupies a leading rank in the medical profession of s adopted city. He was, in connection with a few others, one of the originators of e Ohio State Medical Society, and has continued a member of the same. In politics, rmerly a Whig, upon the organization of the Republican party he espoused its inciples, and subsequently became a liberal Republican, being a great friend to Horace reeley, but now votes Independently. Religiously, he is a Free Thinker. Per- nally, he is a man of strong, independent feelings, very decided in his connections, d plain and positive in the expression of his views. Though in his sixty-eighth year, i possesses the activity and vigor of a man much younger, and still commands a very tensive, successful and lucrative practice. He has ever been noted for great con- tentiousness and signal promptness and fidelity in the discharge of his professional ities, without regard to their recompense. No worthy poor ever left his office with- t some professional assistance, while his disinterested benevolence, genial manners, d kindness of heart, have won for him the highest esteem of his numerous patrons, n April 26, 1837, he married Pauline J., daughter of Rev. Robert and Rowena ’olsley) Graham, and has had four sous, the youngest of whom was drowned in a (stern while an infant. The others received a good English education, graduated from ;e Cleveland Medical College, and are now practicing physicians — Scipio Solon, at elena, Montana Territory; Julius Leonidas is associated with his father iu Dayton, aio, and Cassius A lams Mcllhenney, is located at Zimmermanville, Greene Co., Ohio, PATTERSON MITCHELL, Dayton, President of the Dayton Leather and ■Har Co. The grandfather of this well-known and respected citizen of Dayton was illiam Mitchell, a native of Pennsylvania, who there married a Miss Patterson, and o 226 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : at an early day with his wife and ten children left the Keystone State for Ohio, flo: ing down the river on a flat-boat and landing near the mouth of the Little Miami- afterwards, Columbia — which was a few miles above Cincinnati, then only a villa' He purchased land from Gen. Symmes, upou which he settled, but subsequent removed to a farm on Sycamore Creek, near the Little Miami River. He was a sold in the Revolutionary war and his pension papers, signed by James Robb, Secretary War, under President James Madison, are yet in the possession of his descendants. 1 his family of ten children, William, the father of Patterson, was born in Pennsylvan September 9, 1784; came, as stated, to Ohio with his parents, and here married Ma Crane, who was born in Hamilton County December 26, 1793, and settled on lai adjoining his father’s. Imbued with the same love of country and spirit of [utric ism which his Revolutionary sire had exhibited on the battle-field thirty-six years befo: he shouldered his musket in 1812, and went out to fight the same old foe of freedc and liberty. He served as a non-commissioned officer, in Capt. Robinson’s compai from Cincinna'i, who, while under marching orders, with knapsacks on their bad were addressed by the Rev. Joshua L. Wilson, D. D., the pastor of the First Presb terian Church, who encouraged them to always do their duty. To William and Ma Mitchell were born four sons and two daughters, Patterson being the eldest in t! family. He was born in Hamilton County, Ohio, April 21, 1812, and when buttwel years of age his father died, this event occurring June 21, 1824, leaving the widow mother with six small children in charge of the farm, the former dying August 1 1859. At the age of seventeen, our subject went to learn a trade with John I Barnett, of Middletown, Ohio, whose brother Joseph was for many years one of t prominent citizens of Dayton. Having learned his trade, William Mitchell was soi after married to Louisa Barnett, daughter of John M. Barnett, the marriage bei consummated October 2, 1834. Of this union three 4ons and three daughters we born, viz., William H., Joseph B. (deceased), Mary E., Claude N., Louisa A. a Belle J. By the advice of his father-in-law, he commenced in business for hirns soon after marriage, upon a capital of $30, which he continued in Middletown un the spring of 1853, when he came to Dayton and entered into a copartnership w: Isaac Haas in the leather and collar manufacturing business, but in the year 1870, purchased Mr. Haas’ interest, subsequently forming a joint-stock company with sot of the principal operators as stockholders, he being President, and his son, C. Mitchell, Secretary and Treasurer, which organization continues up to the preset Politically, Mr. Mitchell was an Old-Line Whig, and afterward a Republican, and 1 two sons, William H. and Claude N., went out in the defense of the Union, provi that the patriotism of the sire of 1776, had descended to his great-grandchildrj The whole family are members of the Third Street Presbyterian Church, to which fa the parents and grandparents of our subject also adhered. Mr. Mitchell has been t architect of his own good fortune, having risen step by step, through constant, unretr ting industry, until he stands in the foremost rank in the manufacturing arena of 1 Miami Valley. Courteous, affable and kind-hearted, he has won and retained 1 friendship of a large circle of citizens, who respect his sterling integrity and adm his shrewd business sagacity. T. COKE MITCHELL, railroad man, Dayton, was born in Greene County, 01 December 31, 1822. In the early part of his life, he was engaged in farming and mercantile pursuits, but has for many years been a railroader. He was married to 51 Jane E. Miller in 1844, and has had by her four children, of whom three are rnarri W. MITTENDORF, minister and editor, Dayton. This gentleman was born Oldendorf, in the kingdom of Hanover, December 30, 1830, to Adam and Elizab (Obermiller) Mittendorf. He was married in 1850 to Louise Remmert, a native the same place. In 1853, he and his wife accompanied his father’s family to Arner: The family consisted of the parents, three sons and five daughters. They settled in iron region near Portsmouth, Ohio, where the father died January 22, 1869, and mother six years afterward. In 1862, while among the iron furnaces, our subject be: preaching, and was soon sent to a charge at Pomeroy. He was raised in the “ Old 1 CITS' OF DAYTON. 227 ,,heran” faith, but afterward joined the United Brethren Church with twenty-six others. pYom Pomeroy he was sent to a circuit in Hamilton County, Ohio, and from there to •Shelby County, Ohio. While here in 1865, he was regularly ordained by the Confer- ence of his church, which was held at Dayton. He was then sent to Danville, 111., where jie was appointed to translate the church history from English to German. June 22, 809, he came to Dayton and was elected editor of German literature in the U. B. Church, by the General Conference held that year in Lebanon, Penn. This position he las since continued to fill. He has seven children — four boys and three girls — now liv- ing, and four boys dead. His. wife died January 17, 1879. He has written a work in lerman entitled “Spiritualism in the Light of the Word of God,” and other smaller looks. In 1881, he was appointed by the Church Executive Committee to go to Ger- many to inspect the mission fields of the church, and to hold an annual district conference. OTTO MOOSBRJJGGER, editor, Dayton, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, l 1839. He is the son of Dr. Med. Alvis Moosbrugger, who was born in Wurtemberg where he still lives) in 1812, and Josephine J. (Lidaire) Moosbrugger, who was born h Germany in 1808, and died in 1856. They had twelve children, four of whom came ;) America, and three to Dayton. Our subject was among the latter number. He was dueated at High School, Tuebingen, Wurtemberg; emigrated and settled in Dayton in 867, where he has since been engaged in various branches of business. He established re first daily German paper in Dayton, September 1, 1876, in company with his brother, ad is still engaged in its publication. He was married to Miss Wilhelmina Foehren- ach, of Madison, Ind., in 1869. His paper is looked upon as one of the leading enter- irises of the city, and, with its present management, it promises to become still better if meets with the encouragement it merits. GEORGE NEDER, Dayton. George Neder, Esq., editor and publisher of the ayton Daily and Weekly Volkszeitung and Sunday Amanda , emigrated to America ;om Germany, landing at New York May 29, 1862. He soon afterward located in Buffalo, . Y., where he was for some years, employed as local and political editor on the German ;wspapers of that city. In the spring of 1866, he removed with his family to Dayton, here he has since resided. Upon arrival in Dayton, he purchased the Dayton Volks- itung, which a few weeks before had been commenced as a weekly paper, but for lack of iterprise and patronage had suspended a few days before his arrival. Mr. Neder at iice infused new life into the concern, and at once revived the weekly issue, and met .th such encouraging success that, within two weeks, he began the publication of a mi-weekly, and soon afterward a tri- weekly. In 1876, he ventured upon the pub- lation of the Dayton Daily Volkszeitung , and both daily and weekly have grown to ch size and importance at present, as to be the recognized official German organ of the :y of Dayton and of Montgomery County, and is classed among the leading German pers of Ohio. Printed from clear-cut, new type, and with a large daily and weekly •culation, not only in Dayton and Montgomery County, but throughout southwestern iio, they have grown to be very valuable as advertising mediums. The Amanda, ft only Sunday German newspaper in this part of Ohio, was begun January 1, 1881. d has already grown greatly in popularity and circulation. ANDREW C. NIXON, leaf-tobacco dealer, Dayton, was born in Carrollton, ontgomery County, Ohio, xApril 23. 1811. His grandparents were John and izabeth (Taylor) Nixon, natives of New Jersey, who came to this State at an early jv. Ilis father, A. H. Nixon, was born near Carthage, Hamilton County, Ohio, in 13, and was reared on a farm until fourteen years of age, when he learned the pter’s trade ; but, being obliged by ill health to give that up, he in 1835 located in interville, Montgomery County, and for three years engaged in the manufacture of !>per-ware. In the spring of 1838, he removed to Carrollton, where he soon after mar- >d Mary A. Cotterill, a native of Brown County, Ohio. Twelve years later, he en- Iged in the tobacco business, and in 1857 came to Dayton, where he has since re- ted. He is the father of four children, viz. : Andrew C. ; Mary, wife of A. G. jmeroy, of Hartford, Conn; Emma, wife of John Yoorhees, manager of the astern Union Telegraph Office at Dayton, and Miles. The subject of this sketch 228 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: attended the common schools of his native village until about fourteen years of a^e when he became a student in the National Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio. He after ward attended Stevenson’s Miami College in Miami City, of which the late Rober Stevenson was Principal. In 1857, he came to Dayton with his family, and has sinci resided in the Valley City, being engaged with his father in the leaf-tobacco business At the breaking-out of the war, he joined the militia, and was sent to Kentucky dur ing the celebrated Kirby Smith raid. He also went to Hamilton with his com pan’ after John Morgan, the raider; and still later, his regiment, the One Hundred am Thirty-first Ohio National Guards, was ordered to West Virginia and Baltimore. Th latter place they garrisoned for nearly three months, during two of which Mr. Nixoi was detached on special duty, having command of the guards at Long Bridge. Ii 1876, he was elected Councilman from the First Ward, and in 1878 he was eiectei Sheriff, on the Republican ticket, by a majority of 379, in the face of a large Dem ocratic majority in the county. He was married, in 1868, to Miss Laura Beck •daughter of E. G. Beck, of Dayton, by whom he has two sons, aged, respective!) eight and eleven years. Mr. Nixon is one of the prominent business men of his city who warmly supports any enterprise that isfor the good of the community in which h lives. He is a genial, warm-hearted, whole-souled man, highly esteemed by ali wh know him, and worthy of universal respect. He is member of the Knights of Pythia and Old Guards of Dayton. COL. MICHAEL P. NOLAN, attorney at law, Dayton. This well-known gen tleman was born in Dublin, Ireland, June 18, 1823, and the following year his pareni emigrated to the United States, settling in Lancaster County, Penn., removing I Dayton, Ohio, in 1838, where our subject has since resided. The Colonel’s early lil was one of toil and privation, and he has literally “ fabricated his own fortune.” With nut the advantages of schooling in his youth, he learned the trade of carriage makinJ entered a debating society, with which there was connected a good library, for thil day, previous to the era of public libraries. He read extensively the standard author;! devoted himself to study, and, possessing a good memory, retains the information thij early acquired, upon which he draws with facility. He commanded a canal boat f some time when a young man, and in early manhood cultivated habits of industr frugality and temperance, which have not deserted him in his more mature years. 1 was married December 30, 1847, to Miss Anna Schenck Clark, of Miamisburg, Obi to whose good sense and guidance he attributes his success in life. There have bet born to them ten children, eight of whom are living. Industrious and energetic, aft marriage he worked at his trade during the day, spent his nights in reading law, ar was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty-eight. In the profession he soon becar distinguished as an advocate, and was considered a successful lawyer, especially wil juries, from whom he would secure verdicts quite unexpected, many of which were s aside by the courts. He has had more verdicts thus set aside than any other pract ing attorney in this county. Upon the breaking-out of the rebellion, in April, 181 and the call was made by President Lincoln for troops, Col. Nolan raised Company Eleventh Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and at the railroad depot, just befi starting with his company for the rendezvous camp, on being called out by the inu tude, made a short patriotic address, which created quite a furor, and was reported the Journal of April 23, 1861. He became Lieutenant Colonel of the Fiftieth Re •ment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and subsequently Colonel of the One Hundred a Ninth. During the war the Colonel was an active member of the Union League; t its President in the Third Congressional District of Ohio, and the delegate from tl body to the convention that renominated Lincoln at Baltimore, June 4, 1864. Ohio, during the summer of 1863, he assisted in organizing the “War Democrae with Col. S. J. McGroarty and a few others, who drew up a declaration of princip together with an address to the patriotic Democrats of the State. The other geojl men were inclined to make a ticket, but Col. Nolan strenuously insisted upon the indoij ment of John Brough for Governor, a patriotic Democrat whom the Republicans 1J nominated a few weeks previous, and his counsel was finally taken. He entered CITY OF DAY'TON. 22D' orously upon the canvass, was well received by large audiences, and on the 7th of October, 1863, spoke at Mozart Hall, Cincinnati, and was greeted with the largest mdience of the season, his speech being partially reported and portions of it re- produced in the leading journals of the country. Among the people his speeches vere well received, being original, independent, and noted for candor; always ex- empore, using no notes, but relying wholly upon his memory. A writer in he Dayton Journal a few years ago thus describes him : “ Col. Michael P. hfian is in some respects the most remarkable man at the bar. In person ie is not above the medium height, slightly inclined to rotundity of figure, and in ap- pearance is quite distingue. He has all the native wit and readiness of repartee char- acteristic of his nationality, and endeavors in all instances to get his cases before the ury, where he has few peers, and still fewer superiors. At times he is truly eloquent, nd from any speech of his of an hour’s duration, passages may be culled which in ieauty of arrangement and effectiveness of delivery, will compare favorably with the tudied efforts of the best speakers of the day. His speeches are extemporaneous ; nything like a studied effort would be a failure with him. His oratory is not rude, et far from classic, being of the style which catches the popular ear and holds a crowd hat would grow weary under the voice of men of much greater pretensions. When e rises to speak, everybody in the court-room is delighted, except the opposing coun- el , who often writhe under his excoriations.” For several years after the war closed Col. Nolan was U. S. Commissioner in Dayton. At the Fourth of July celebration in j)ayton for 1876, Col. Nolan was the orator selected by the citizens’ committee, and Iccordingly delivered the Centennial oration. In August, 1877, he prepared a paper n the present condition of laboring men, which appeared in the Dayton Journal and hich excited much discussion, claiming as it did that most of the distress among the- iboring classes was The result of labor-saving machinery. The document was widely 'rculated, extensively read and translated into German. Our subject has led a steady, jmperate life, drinking neither beer nor spirituous liquors, and has never even used- obacco. In 1877. when the temperance wave swept over the country, Col. Nolan [aS unanimously elected President of the first Murphy organization of Dayton. In 878, he was solicited by the Greenback Labor party to accept their nomination for ongress in this district, which he did without any prospect of election. He entered ie field and earnestly advocated the principles of that party to large audiences, and nder the circumstances, obtained a handsome vote. The Colonel is an affable, whole- buled gentleman, a hearty friend and boon companion, frank and outspoken at all mes. We trust he has many years of usefulness yet betore him. J. HUNTER ODL1N, dairyman, Dayton; was born in Dayton, Ohio, August , 1840, and, after receiving a common school education, entered Miami Univer- ty, at Oxford, Ohio, which he was obliged to leave on account of ill-health. In the immencement of the war of the rebellion, he enlisted as a private in the Dayton ouaves, under Col. King, and was detailed to Columbus on police duty. He was af- rward promoted to a captaincy in the Sixteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, under Gen. ill, in the West Virginia service. He was next appointed Major of the Sixty-first hio Volunteer Infantry, but when that regiment was consolidated with the Fifty-first, i was ousted. He afterward became Assistant Adjutant General on Rosecrans’ staff Corinth, Miss., but was relieved in order that he might take command of the One undred and Twelfth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, then forming at Dayton. With this giment he went to Cincinnati to repel Kirby Smith, and there was ordered to Mans- Jd, Ohio, to fill his ranks. By the consolidation of his regiment with the Sixty-third bio Volunteer Infantry, he become Major of the Sixty-third, and afterward Lieuten- ;t Colonel of the same. He soon resigned his commission in the above, and reporting Maj. Gen. Canby for orders was sent, by Gen. Dennis, to Arkansas. He resigned p commission, and retired from the army in 1865, shortly before the fall of Rich- pnd. He was married in Philadelphia, April 15, 1867, to Miss Josie W. Danah, of ;e Quaker City. They have had six children, five girls and one boy, viz.: Charley, orence, Susan, Josie, Nellie and Edna. 230 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: CHARLES PARROTT, proprietor Aughe Plow Works, Dayton, Ohio, has beeu a life resident of Dayton. He was born in 1834, and is a son of William Parrott, ol the firm of T. & W. Parrott, a pioneer dry goods firm, which was one of the oldest wholesale houses in the city. His father retired from business in 1848 or 1830. ilis mother was Margaret A. Willis, both parents being natives of Maryland. The subject of this sketch was reared in his native place, and received his literary education at the Ohio Wesleyan University of Delaware, graduating from the classical department in 1856. He desired to enter the legal profession, and to that end commenced the stud} of law. He was admitted to the bar, and practiced his profession until 1866, when he engaged in his present business. He is proprietor of the pioneer plow factory of Mont- gomery county. In 1873, he was one of the Jesses of the Public Works, of Ohio, anc had charge of the business at ths State capital. He was subsequently engaged in con- structing railroads, at which business he remained till 1880. Mr. Parrott was mar ried, in 1866, to Lizzie Marlay, a native of Frankfort, Ross Co., Ohio. They havt four children living — Bessie, Mabel, Nannie and Charlotte. Mr. Parrott was former!} a member of the School Board of Dayton, and at present is connected with Daytoi Masonic Commandery, and is a member of the M. E. Church. He is well knowt throughout Montgomery County for his warm social nature and excellent business qualifications. His factory is under the charge of his brother George, as he himself ii residing in Columbus, Ohio. EDWIN D. PAYNE, Dayton, proprietor of Dayton Flax, C >rn and Fee< Mill, was born at Hamilton, Madison Co., N. Y., May 22, 1818. His father wa Elisha Payne, a native of Cornwall, Conn., who in an early day left his native place and in company with his brother and some neighbors traveled by ox team via Alban and Rome, to the Chenango Valley, where he founded the village of Paynesville, not called Hamilton. Mr. Payne’s mother was Esther Douglas, her father being a pionee Baptist minister of the Empire State. Our subject was raised a “ farmer’s boyP at tending the rude schoolhouse by the wayside, where his early literary education (and j small amount, at that) was obtained. When twenty-two years of age, he went to Wai ren County, Ohio, for the purpose of accompanying a surveyor, named Woodruff, t Iowa, to make a general survey of the State. Through the death of President Harr son, Mr. Woodruff lost his position, and Mr. Payne then came to Dayton. Soon afte arrival, he secured employment in a book store owned by Ells, Claflin & Co. He sul sequently worked for Charles Ells, in the same business. His next occupation w; found in a wholesale grocery house, owned by John Sayres. Ln 1847, Mr. Payr established a book and stationery business, in an old-fashioned brick building, on tl present site of Rickey’s book store. Soon after commencing, the Phillips Block w: completed, and Mr. Payne removed his stock into that building (60 Main street) 11 subsequently took his nephew, Augustus Payne, into partnership, and after some year sold his stock and trade to George Holden. When he started in business, he possessc less capital and experience than any of the six men then in business in Dayton. Wh( he disposed of his business, his stock and trade were the largest and best in Montgor ery County, a noted example of industry, perseverance and economy. In 1875, M Payne engaged in his present business, to which he has given his entire time and atte tion, with a few exceptions. Mr. Payne was induced to invest his capital and expel ence in the Woodsum Machine Co., in which he remained about two and a hall yea] Mr. Payne has always evinced an active interest in all matters pertaining to the grow I and prosperity of his adopted city. In company with others, he assisted in starting t Second and Merchant National Banks. He was united in marriage, November 1, 181 totPhebe M. Crawford, a native of New York. They have four children — Emma ( wife of Rev. F. Clatworthy, pastor of the Baptist Church at Norwalk, Ohio, and ft merly pastor of the Linden Avenue Church of Dayton ; Edward D., book-keeper ! H. Hoefer & Co., and a student in the law office of A. A. Winters; William, who! sists his father in the milling business, and Elizabeth. Mr. Payne was long a mend of the First Baptist Church, of Dayton, and assisted in building their present house worship. He was Trustee and Secretary of this organization for some time. He 1 CITY OF DAYTON. 231 ;en a sufferer from inflammatory rheumatism since boyhood, and although residing in he heart of the city, his physician advised him to remove to Huffman Hill. He did ti, and erected a large and comfortable brick residence. Since then, he has removed ick to his former residence. While residing at Huffman Hill, he suffered much an- oyance from the long distance necessary in passing over to reach the church of his loice, his residence being somewhat isolated from the heart of the city. He, there- Jre, in company with many others, assisted in organizing the Linden Avenue Baptist burch, of which he served as Deacon seven years. Mr. Payne was once a member of e Union Insurance Company, officiating as President a portion of the time. He was jie of the original ‘‘ Washingtonians,” of early temperance celebrity, an honored citizen Montgomery County, and a Christian gentleman. JOSEPH PETERS, builder, Dayton, was born January 28, 1820, at Potter’s Ort, Center County, Penn., of parents in limited circumstances, but of sound moral irth. At the age of fifteen years, our subject was apprenticed to the carpenter’s trade, d served a term of three years’ faithful labor, working from twelve to sixteen hours r day, but he thus acquired a thorough knowledge of his business, which the aver- se apprentice of to-day never attains. On the 10th of April, 1810, Mr. Peters was irried to Catherine States, in Hollidaysburg, Penn., she being a daughter of Col. illiam States, of Huntingdon County, in that State. In those days the main, if not re only line of commerce between the East and West was the Pennsylvania Canal, by nich the Eastern cities were connected with 'the Ohio River at Pittsburgh, Penn., the •stern and western divisions being connected by the Portage R. R., which ran from |)llidaysburg to Johnstown. This road climbed the mountain sides by inclined lines, operated by smtionary engines at the top. This line of commerce was owned 1 the State, which made it interesting all along the line whenever a State election nk place, it being the prerogative of the Governor to fill all appointments, and it was tjs scramble for place and the scandal arising from it that caused Mr. Peters to with- ww from the Democratic party, since which time he has voted with the Whig and jpublican pirties. In the summer of 1814, Mr. Peters concluded to go West, and in Itober of that year he loaded his effects upon a section boat, and, with his family, ded at Dayton, in November, making the whole distance in a boat. He soon be- ne one of the principal builders of the city, and many of the buildings and fine Cjirches of Dayton have been erected under his supervision, four of the latter standing vihin a radius of three squares. To Joseph and Catherine Peters have been born s en sons and one daughter, of whom five sons and the daughter survive. His son J ther is now one of the foremost architects of Dayton, many of the private and public hidings having been the result of his fertile brain, notably the new Fireman’s In- ■ mice building, on the corner of Main and Second streets, which is a gem in archi- iture, and one of the handsomest buildings in the Miami Valley. He was also elected 1I88I as one of the Water Works Commissioners, which position he now holds. WINSLOW S PHELPS, Dayton, was born in Woodstock, Vt., May 12 , 1815. j? grandfather, Winslow Phelps, was a Captain in the Revolutionary war. His ‘her, Henry Phelps, was a merchant in Woodstock, but becoming embarrassed by the i r of 1812-15, he started with his family, in 1821, with the intention, of removing to i nois, where he owned land, but on hearing unfavorable reports of the newness and i Healthiness of that part of the country, he left his family at Cincinnati and went iiself to see the land, but died on his return at Henderson, Ky. His widow was fts left in a strange city, with but little money and three small children, one son and daughters. Her energy, however, was equal to the emergency. The subject of sketch being but six years old, was sent to such private schools as were to be had, 1 public schools not then being in existence. At the age of thirteen, he was put into niore, and from errand boy he became clerk, and at last book-keeper. His business ude him acquainted with many Dayton men, and in 1835 he removed here with his 'Hher and sisters, to take a partnership , with Samuel T. Harker. At the end of one .Y r Mr. Harker sold his interest to Joel Estabrook, and the firm of Estabrook & 'dps continued uutil the close of the year 1865. In 1837, Mr. Phelps married 232 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Susan, daughter of Squire James Foster, of Cincinnati. She and three sons and two daughters are still living. The store was at the head of the basin until Mr. Phelps bought the ground and built the store No. 25 East Second street, in 1857. The firm occupied the new store until Mr. Phelps bought out his partner. He continued the wholesale grocery business in his own name for a year, when he took in his sons, Wins- low and William A., under the firm name of W. S. Phelps & Sons. He subsequently took in his third son, Samuel F. In January, 1869, at the solicitation of his friend, John W. Achey, then a director, and now President of the Dayton National Bank, he became its cashier, which position he now holds, leaving the charge of the firm busines: to his sons. Being one of the original stockholders in the Fireman’s Insurance Com pany of Dayton, he was elected a director in 1862, and still holds the office. His principal investments, outside of his business, have been in real estate. The only pub- lic office which he has held was four years’ membership in the Board of Education. He became a member of the Third Street Presbyterian Church in 1813; was made a Deacon in 1854 and an elder for life in 1860; was connected with the Sunday School over thirty years, and was its Superintendent thirteen years. In the forty-sixth year of his life in Dayton, he has seen it grow from a country village to a city of fine halls, churches, residences, stores, schools and manufactories, with railroads and telegraph, and all that goes to make it a desirable place for business or residence. CHARLES A. PHILLIPS, manufacturer of cotton goods, Dayton, was born in this city, June 14, 1852. His father, Thomas A. Phillips, was a native of Maryland, who came to Dayton in May, 1844, and there established the business now carried on by the subject of this sketch. He departed this life, November 27,1877. His mother was Margaret J. George, a native of Dayton, who is yet living and resides with our subject. Mr. Phillips grew to manhood in his native city, and when of age, entered 1 the Department of Science of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, but a year and a half later, left school to assist his father in his rapidly increasing business. From! that time to the present, Mr. Phillips has devoted his entire time and attention to the! business of the firm. After his father’s demise, himself and brother, George L operated the business till May, 1880, when our subject purchased his brother’s interest.! and has since continued the business, a sketch of which will be found in the chapter on the industrial interests of Dayton. Mr. Phillips is a man of a warm, social nature.! affable in manner; truly benevolent; and by his integrity in business affairs, and ab sorbing interest manifested in all matters pertaining to the growth of his native place has made hosts of friends throughout the county and State. He is connected by membership with the following organizations ; Board of Police Commissioners (from April, 1879, to April, 1883); Mystic Lodge, No. 405 (Masonic), Reid’s Commandery No. 6, and the Consistory of Southern Ohi > (Scottish Rites). He is a director of th< Dayton Gas Light & Coke Company, Dayton Insurance Company, and the Daytor Club Company. Politically, he is an ardent advocate of the principles set forth by th< Republican party. Mr. Phillips was married at Covington, Ky., Jan. 21, 1879, t( Susie II. O’Hara, a native of Crittenden, Ky. They have one sonj-Thomas A. Mr Phillips resides in a substantial brick residence, at No. 24 West Fourth street. WARREN W. PHILLIPS, carriage-maker, Dayton. This gentleman was bon near Middletown, Frederick County, Md., November 15, 1808. He is descended from an old Scotch-Irish family who came to America at a very early day and settler! in the State where he was born. His father, Samuel, was born in Frederick Count' in 1736, and followed farming till his death, which occurred in 1820, when our subjec was only twelve years of age. His mother, nee Mrs. Rebecca Lyles, also lived to be a ver old lady, and died in 1838, near Indianapolis, where she had gone to live with tw married daughters who had moved to the West. By her Mr. Phillips. Sr., had thre boys and she had six daughters when he married her. Our subject received a ver limited education in the common school of Middletown, and there served an apprentice ship in carriage-making with Jacob Young and Peter Beeter, of Sharpsburg and Mid dletown. He afterward clerked in a drug store in Fredericktown, Md., for one yeai He came to Zanesville early in 1832, and to Dayton in April of the following yeai CITY OF DAYTON. 233 He started a carriage shop on East Fourth street, where he is still located. In April, 1827, he married Miss Catharine Creager, daughter of George Creager, the then Sheriff of Frederick County. By her he had three boys and three girls, all of whom axe now dead. His son, Henry Lee, was in the Second Regiment, Ohio Cavalry, during the rebellion; and his son Willie W., was in the service during the Morgan raid, but both returned to their home unhurt. Mr. Phillips is the oldest carriage builder of Dayton, and has always been considered one of tbe most worthy business men of the city. JOHN POWELL, deceased, was born August 2, 1811, in the village of Culm, near Presteign, Herefordshire, England. With naught else than a good education and a strong, earnest purpose, he entered alone upon the struggle of life at the early age of eleven as an apprentice to a linen draper — or haberdasher — in London. Securing a fair com- petency, he emigrated in 1835 to America and settled in Cleveland, Ohio, where, with varying success, he was engaged in mercantile pursuits, notably the leather, wool and hide trade. In 1837, he re-visited England, witnessing the coronation of Queen Victoria. In 1845, he moved to Dayton, and for twenty-four years carried on the wholesale boot and shoe trade with marked success, gaining a fortune and an enviable rank among the substantial business men of the city. He was one of the projectors of the First Na- tional Bank, organized in 1863, remaining a large stockholder and director until it was merged into the private banking house of Gebhart, Harman & Co. He retired from active business pursuits in 1869, but was of too active a temperament to long remain idle. From merchandising he turned his attention to banking, in which he so evinced his capability of organization and management as to be readily seconded by prominent busi- ness interests throughout the county. He was the founder in 1871, and for two years the President of the Merchants’ National Bank, which, owing largely to his personal direction and shrewd financiering, took from its organization high rank among the solid institutions of the city. A director of the bank until his death, its financial policy was almost invariably shaped in accordance with his views. For eighteen years he was a director and one of the largest shareholders of the Firemens Insurance Company of Dayton. Gaining a large and valued experience, he was known as one of the best underwriters in the State. One of its earliest inceptors, and perhaps the most efficient of. its Board of Directors, the very prosperous history of this institution is due not a little to his active interest and wise oversight. In him the English characteristics of conservatism and decision and the American spirit of en- terprise were happily blended ; and his counsel in financial affairs was wisely sought and generally profited by. In politics, while never ambitious to act a conspicuous part in public life, he was a pronounced Union man and a firm adherent to the Republican party. Strong, un- flinching fidelity to principle and unwavering devotion, at whatever peril, to the right as he perceived it, formed a most marked trait of his character. His was eminently a religious life, speaking daily to his family and the world more by acts than by professions. For many years he was a member and vestryman of Christ i (Episcopal), and latterly a member of the Third Street Presbyterian Church, in which relatiou he carried the same spirit of activity, zeal and conscientiousness which charac- terized his business career. He was honored with the warm personal friendship of the Right Rev. Bishops Mdllvaine, Bedell and Jaggar, of the Episcopacy. But it was as an earnest, efficient organizer in the Bible Cause that he was best known among the Chris- tian people of the county ; being identified with the Montgomery County Bible Society as a director, dating from 1859, and for six years serving as Treasurer. The Bible work was especially dear to him, since in so vast a field his powers found scope for ex- ercise and expansion. His religious views were liberal as opposed to a spirit of sec- tarianism or churchly exclusiveness ; all movements looking toward a union of effort m church or religious work by Christians of whatever creed found in him a firm devotee. Amid the distracting cares of a busy life, he ever evinced a lively interest in the welfare and prosperity of Dayton. He was passionately fond of horticultural pursuits ; i 234 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : the beautiful flowers and abundant fruits produced on bis home premises on West First street attesting his zeal and success. Superior exhibits of fruits and flowers for many years at our local fairs would seem to place him among professional rather than amateur cultivators. An active member of the Montgomery County Horticultural Society, his addresses were listened to with interest to the profit and in-traction of its membership. His “ garden book” is an invaluable record of horticultural and meteoro- logical data for twenty-four years — from 1854. Although possessing marked individuality and great decision of character, his was a warm heart, most strongly attached to his family and home interests. Of domestic traits, his love and affection as a husband and father were continually shown forth in the exercise of self-sacrifice and loving counsel and guidance. John Powell died at his residence, November 7, 1878, aged sixty-seven, his last illness being of ten days’ duration, although for many years he had been at times a great sufferer. A wife and nine children survived him. The funeral service was held at the Third Street Presbyterian Church, conducted by Rev. J. H. Montgomery, pastor. His remains were laid to rest in his beautiful lot at Woodland Cemetery, Rev. E. H. Jewett, rector of Christ (Episcopal) Church, officiating. The following gentle- men served as pall-bearers : Alexander Gebhart and James Applegate, representing the Merchants’ Naiional Bank ; Preserved Smith and T. S. Babbitt, the Firemens In- surance Company ; Valentine Winters, the Third Street Presbyterian Church, and George A. Black, a warm personal friend. ADAM PR1TZ, manufacturer, Dayton; was born in Hanover, York County, Penn., September 9, 1808. He came to this city in 1841, and immediately associated with him Augustus Kuhns in a business extending from that time up to 1864. Mr. Pritz is a typical Pennsylvanian of the old school, whose life has been devoted to tireless j labor with that intensity of purpose, which forms a prominent trait in thousands of rep- resentatives of that State scattered throughout the Union. In his early years and up io the time of leaving his native town, he was engaged in the manufacture of Coffee Mills, a mill invented by his father, and which at that time had a prominence over all I mills made in this country. Mills of his manufacture made in 1828, in Han- over, are now in use in this city by old citizens, formerly from his native State. From 1841 to 1851, he specially engaged in the manufacture of an elliptic spring for carriages, horse-powers and threshing machines, discontinuing the mills after 1842. j| In 1851, he commenced the manufacture of the “ Moore Grain Drill.” This was the first drill made in this city, and Mr. Pritz is the pioneer drill manuafacturer of this valley. He continued the manufacture of this drill up to 1858, when with various j additions and improvements, as the result of his inventive genius, he, with his associate, Mr. Kuhns, gave to the world Pritz & Kuhns’ Improved Drill. In the same year, 1858, Mr. Pritz bought of Owen Dorsey, of Maryland, the right to manufacture the Dorsey Reaper for this valley, which Mr. Pritz continued to manufacture each year, adding im- provements up to 1876, when the present reaper that the firm now manufacture was patented by William Pritz, his son. Mr. Pritz has earned an honorable reputation among his cotemporaries, as one of the foremost of the manufacturers of this city, in his contribution of time and money in the early enterprises, asking help and patronage from the capitalists and prominent citizens of this valley. He was an enthusiastic advocate and subscriber to the Mad River Railroad, the first railroad seeking admission to this city. Afterward he liberally aided the Xenia and Belpre road, Dayton & Western, the original “ Short Line,” which was abandoned after absorbing the fortunes of many of our citizens. At a later day he was an active and earnest helper in se- curing the Dayton & Southeastern coal road. One of the principal movers in building the Dayton View Hydraulic, and is now one of its chief stockholders.;! In 1847, pending the completion of the canal through the city, it became apparent) to the business and other interests that an extension running through the lower part of the city should be cons' ructed. The State refused to assist in its construction, andj hence itwas left to the public enterprise of the citizens. In this undertaking Mr.:j ' Pritz was a liberal subscriber, and took an active interest in its accomplishment. The judgment of the people of that day was correct, as the subsequent abandon-! CITY OF DAYTON. 235 mentof the upper canal for boats, and its use for hydraulic purposes only, demonstrated. In all these enterprises Mr. Prirz was a leading spirit, not prompted by a desire to reap ultimate gains, for in but few of these investments has he ever realized a dollar, but hav- ing, in broad view primarily, the welfare of the city, and always prompted by a progres- ive nature. In his younger years, his ambitions and inclinations centered in desires for soldiery and military honors, and in his native State is familiarly remembered as Maj. Pritz, and by other titles. He raised and commmded successively two military com- panies, the Warren Greys and Warren Riflemen, the pride amateur military companies in the State in its early history. In connection with years of active association among the drills and reapers in this city, Mr. Pritz also has large interests in South Bend, Ind., being an equal partner in the firm of Jacob Strayer & Co , manufacturers of the Statesman Force Feed Grain Drill. Mr. Pritz is now seventy-three years of age, and has reached that point in life and age when most men quietly rest upon their earnings; but such a condition of things would be foreign to his nature. His nervous and active temperament is not at ease unless he is surrounded by the busy hum of machinery, with which he has been asso- ciated with his daily efforts for nearly half a century. He is daily at a work bench, seeking to improve and add another contribution to future improvements in machinery. In politics Mr. Pritz consented on one occasion to accept a nomination for an unexpired term in the City Council. He served in this position for one year. This comprehends his political and office-holding experience. In religion Mr. Pritz was formerly a Lutheran, but about eight years ano, united with the Third street Presbyterian Church of this city. He has ever been willing to testify his zeal and liberality in the cause of Christianity by generous donations to the Young Men’s Christian Association and kindred organ- izations, having in view the religious and moral advancement of his fellow-men. He was married June 14, 1832, to Mary Kuhns, daughter of Jacob and Mary I (Welsh) Kuhns. They are the parents of ten children, five of whom are alive. For the past twenty-five years his sons have been associated with him in business. Mr. Pritz has not only been distinguished for his enterprise, industry, economy and indomitable energy, but his patriotism. Whatever he undertook to do he did with all his might. During the existence of the Whig party, he was a truly national con- servative. He viewed slavery as a local institution, but not national. Sincerely at- tached to the whole Union, he opposed sectionalism, and when the South endeavored to extend the institution of slavery into the new Territories and States, he opposed their policy. When the people of that section made war with the Union, Mr. P. was among the first to make any and every sacrifice in behalf of the Union. He urged all to volunteer, and when the first call was made for defenders of our beloved Union, his eldest sons, Jacob and William II . Pritz, were among the first to follow the advice of their father, and aided with their efforts until the rebellion was closed, their father doing all he could during this fearful period to provide for the destitute wives and children of the patriots who had gone to the war. He entered into the work of crush- ing the rebellion with his characteristic energy, and finally, at its close, and„when the caring of the crippled and destitute soldiers became a matter of concern to the patriotism and legislation of the country, gave of his time and generous .contributions of money to secure the establishment of permanent homes and the location of a branch at Dayton. In reviewing the history of this laborer in the fields of enterprise and mechanical improvements, we have thereby sought to bring from the back-ground and place to the front the name of Adam Pritz, who, as one of' the pioneer manufacturers in years of active efforts, has contributed from his wealth of brain and invention the genius which, iapplied in material forms, has gone out to the world, causing prosperity and consequent happiness to his neighbor and employes, adding to the growth and wealth of his city, and contributing to the progress of civilization. JOHN C. REEVE, physician and surgeon, Dayton, was born in England, lune 5, 1826. In 1832, his father’s family emigrated to this country, and settled in Cleveland, Ohio, where our subject was reared. He enjoyed good school privileges up 236 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: to the age of twelve, when by the loss of his mother and financial reverses in the family he was thrown entirely upon his own resources, became an apprentice to the priuter, and spent several years in the offices of the Cleveland Advertise)' and Herald. While thus employed, by industrious personal application, and by an attendance of several winters’ upon common schools, and one summer at the Academy, he fitted himself for teaching, which he followed for a time as the best means of improvement and education. He then read medicine with Dr. John Delamater, Professor of Obstetrics in the Medi- cal Department of Western Reserve College, Cleveland, Ohio, from which institution he graduated. In 1849, he began practice in Dodge County, Wis. Some four years later, he visited Europe for the purpose of further study of his profession, and after passing the winter in London, and a summer at the University of Gottingen, Germany, returned to this country, and in the fall of 1854 settled in Dayton, which has since been his residence, where he rapidly rose in the confidence and esteem of the public ! generally, and now occupies a leading rank in the profession of that city. He has per- formed most of the leading operations of surgery falling to the lot of one in genera! j practice; among others a case of tracheotomy, by which was successfully removed from the throat ot a little girl eight years old the largest body, with one exception, ever taken from the windpipe — a shawl-pin, three and one-fourth inches in length. The case is alluded to, and a cut of the pin given, in “ Gross’ Surgery.” He has performed ovariotomy five times, three of them being successful, and which is about the usual number. He is a member of the Montgomery County Medical Society, of which he has several times been President ; also of the Ohio State Medical Society, the Ameri- can Medical Association, and the American Gynaecological Society, of which he was one of the founders. He has made numerous reports of important professional cases, and has been a frequent contributor to the leading medical journals of the country, especially to the review department of the American Journal of Medical Sciences, Philadelphia, and to the American Journal of Obstetrics , New York. He occu- pies the rank of a leader in the profession in Ohio, and his personal standing is that of an affable, polished gentleman. On August 10, 1849, he mirried Emma G. Barlow, of Cleveland, Ohio, and has two sons and two daughters. JACOB RICHMOND, retired carpenter, Dayton. Jacob Richmond was bore in Frederick County, Md., July 5, 1809 ; when he was fifteen years old he begat) the cabinet trade, at which he worked three years, when he turned his attention to carpen- tering. After serving an apprenticeship of three years at this trade, he worked at the same as contractor until 1877, when he retired from business. He was married March j 8, 1831, to Rebecca Coblentz. Of their ten children, but six are living', viz.: Morgan jj H., Caroline R., Edward C., Malinda C., Annie R. and John P. Francis P. in 18S2 enlisted in the Ninety third Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was killed in front of Atlanta June 23, 1864. Three children died in infancy. Mr. Richmond moved from Maryland (in a wagon, being twenty-one days on the road, to Montgomery County, Ohio, and located in Dayton in 1832. His wife died December 22, 1873. Mr. K , was a member of the City Council from 1848 to 1854, also Infirmary Director from 1876 to 1879. He has always lived an exemplary life; having started a poor boy, he has by economy and industry, accumulated quite a comfortable living for himself and family. He is now seventy-two years old, but still very active. JOHN 8. ROBERTSON, Clerk of Courts, Dayton, was born July 25, 1843, atj Hanover, Columbiana Co., Ohio. His father, John Robertson, was the youngest son oi Rev. James Robertson, a Scotch Presbyterian minister; his mother, nee Margaret (V ! ; Vallandigham, was a daughter of Rev. Clement Vallandigham, and sister of the late: Hon. C. L. Vallandigham. Our subject obtained his early education at the New Lis- bon High School, and, when eighteen years of age, commenced teaching school, thereby obtaining the means to enable him to attend medical lectures at Ann Arbor, Mich. He commenced the practice of medicine in Columbiana County, but removed, in 1869, to Germantown, Montgomery County where he practiced his profession until ; elected Clerk of the Courts of this county, in October, 1875 . In 1878 , ho was re- elected for an additional term of three years He was married to Miss Elizabeth Rowe. CITY OF DAYTON. 237 of Germantown, June 19, 1872. As an accommodating and efficient officer, an honest and reliable citizen, and a gentleman in all respects, Mr. Robertson has gained the respect and esteem of all who meet him. JOHN ROUZER, contractor, Dayton. Mr. Rouzer, now one of the foremost contractors and builders of Dayton, was born on the 29th of June, 1822, in Clark County, Ohio, near the (now) city of Springfield. He is one of the most conspicuous of the many illustrations afforded by our American life, of the success achieved by intelligent industry and personal integrity. Mr. Rouzer s father was a native of Fred- erick County, Md., of German descent, and lived to the age of eighty-four years. His mother was a native of Virginia, of Scotch parentage, and survived to be eighty years of age. Both of robust constitutions, and of simple and industrious habits, they raised a family of twelve children, seven sons and five daughters, all of whom they lived to see established in life. John came to Dayton, as a boy, with his father’s family, about 1832, when the town was scarcely more than a village. His education was only such as the limited facilities of so small a town could afford, before the school system, now developed into a chief source of pride of our community, was originated, but he has the satisfaction to know that it is to his skill and taste as a mechanic, that the city is, in a large part, indebted for some of the handsomest school edifices that are one of its prin- cipal ornaments. Mr. Rouzer commenced in Daytou as a practical builder and con- tractor in 1861. His close attention to the details of his business, and to the complete- ness and honesty of his work, soon established for him an enviable reputation as a faith- ful mechanic and honest contractor. His chief object was to give satisfaction to his patrons by the excellence of his work. His business rapidly grew to large proportions, and, keeping abreast with the rapid improvement in mechanical machinery, he has now one of the most complete and extensive establishments in his line of work anywhere to be found, and is able to execute the largest contracts for the carpenter work of public buildings in Ohio and the adjoining States. He has been able to accumulate a respectable property, and can exhibit in the elegance and perfect finish of his own resi- dence a specimen of his skill and taste that was pronounced, by one of the most accom- plished architects in the United States (William Myers, of Detroit), unexcelled by any similar work he had ever in pected. Mr. Rouzer married Martha J. Deihl, the daugh- ter of Mr. Henry Deihl, of Dayton, on New Year’s Day, 1850 ; but two daughters of a family of seven children survive. It may be said, without any fulsome praise, that Mr. Rouzer has a reputation as a business man, as well as a citizen, in all the relations of, social and domestic life that is without blemish, and that he has honestly earned it by his industry, his intelligence, his enterprise and his personal integrity. It is such men as he and his class who give dignity, respect, ability and success to American labor. JOHN RUNCK, Jr., butcher, Dayton, was born in Dayton, Ohio, September 6, 1855. His grandfather, Philip, and his grandmother, Elizabeth (Runck) Runck, were both natives of Rhine Byrne, Germany, where our subject’s father, John Sr., was born on the 10th of May, 1830. The latter came to America in 1848, and, after a few mouths’ residence in Cincinnati, came to Montgomery County and commenced butcher- ing in Dayton, where he learned his trade, and where he has since continued to follow it. He married, December 20, 1854, Miss Louisa Steiner, daughter of Henry and Oppolina (Wenst) Steiner, of Dayton, both natives of Germany. By this union they had thirteen children — Anna Mary, John, our subject, Charlie, Kate, ‘Caroline, Mar- garet, Frank, Julia, Michael L , Hattie, Florence, Clara and Oppolina; of these one girl and two boys have since died. John, Jr., attended the schools of Harrison Township, where they lived and then took a course in the Commercial College, of Dayton, work- ing at his trade of butchering at the same time. He married January 6, 1880, Miss Julia A. Klaner, daughter of William and Barbara Klaner, of Dayton, by whom he has had one child, a daughter, born November 10, 1880. He is a young man of much business ability, a good financier, and an industrious and obedient son. MARK RUTLEDGE, of firm of Rutledge & Co., paper manufacturers, Dayton, ;Wasbornin Kirkoswald, England, March 13, 1812. His parents were George and Mary (Archer) Rutledge, the former of whom was a manufacturer of linen goods, and 238 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: never wore any garment made of cotton until after coming to America. Our subject was reared to maturity in England, and upon arriving at his twenty-first mile-stone in life, came to America, locating at Worcester, Mass., and engaging in his present busi- ness ; he had previously learned his trade in his native land, and remained at Worcester eight years. During the forepart of this period, he attended night schools, where he obtained his literary education. He removed his business to Norwich, Conn., and ei^ht years later went to Andover, where his mill was subsequently destroyed by fire. Two years later he went to Lowell, Mass., and six years later to Dayton (in 1854), For a time he was foreman for L. F. Claffiu & Co., and was afterward a member of the firm. He subsequently engaged his services, as foreman for Mead & Weston, and in 18fi7 established his present business. Mr. Rutledge was married, in 1837, to Augusta Liv- ermore, a native of Massachusetts. They have three children — George, Janie (wife of Luther Peters, an architect of Dayton), and Ellen. Mr. Rutledge was formerly a Dem- ocrat, but is now “ a pure Republican.” He is a member of Montgomery Lodge, No. ;j, I. 0. 0. F., and of Dayton Lodge, Masonic. Himself, wife and children are mem- bers of the Universalist Society. George Rutledge, the eldest child, and junior mem ber of the firm of Rutledge & Co., was married, January 1, 1863, to Virginia Simmons, a native of Yazoo City, Miss. They have three children — Walter, Virginia and Mary. Mrs. Rutledge is a regular attendant on the religious services held in Raper chapel. Mr. Rutledge has full charge of the business of the firm. ADAM SCHANTZ, butcher, Dayton, was born in Mittilkinsig, Hesse-Darm- stadt, Germany, September 7, 1839. He was the second son of Frederick and Marie Elizabeth (Scheeler) Schantz, who were natives of Germany and parents of eight chil- dren, six boys and two girls. Adam, our subject, emigrated to America on the 11th of April, 1855, and on the 1st of September following came to Dayton, where he engaged in butchering for Michael Oldt, with whom he worked one year. He then left Dayton for several years, during which he visited and worked in Iowa two years, Chicago six months, St. Louis four months, New Orleans five months, across to Ger- many, where he stayed with his folks four mouths, then to Hamburg and LondoD, aud on the 10th of June, 1862, back to Dayton, where he has since been in the butchering business. He was married March 29, 1863, to Saloma Latin, daughter of Falteen Latin, of Dayton, by whom he had nine children, five boys and four girls, of whom three boys and four girls survive. Mr. Schantz was a member of the City Council in 1877—78. He was also President of Southern Ohio Stock Yards and a Director of the Southern Ohio Fair Association. He is a member of Steuben Lodge, I. 0 0. F.. and of the German Lutheran Church. MICHAEL SCHIML, brewer, Dayton, was born in Reglasreuth, near Baireuth, Ba- varia, Germany, August 4, 1825, and is the son of Christopher and Mary (Kramer) Schiml, natives of the same place. His father was a prominent mill owner, a man of means and commercial standing who died about 1842. Michael was the youngest in a family of eight children, five of whom died previous to his coming to America, whither his brother John had preceded him in 1845, Michael, with his mother and one sister, following is 1848, all settling in Montgomery County, Ohio, where the aged mother died soon after reaching this county. Mr. Schiml was married, September 12, 1848, to Miss Annie M. Heindl, a native of Bavaria, and daughter of John and Frederica Heindi, who re- mained in the fatherland. Of this union eight children are the fruits, as follows Teresa, John L., Joseph (deceased), Susan. Andrew, Cidonia (deceased), Aloys C and one died in infancy. Mr. Schiml worked at coopering in this county until 1852, when, in partnership with his brother John, they started a brewery on the corner of Wayne and Hickory streets, making their first lager beer on December 13 of that year, from stock brought from Boston, by a cousin of the Schiml's who was a brewer, this being the first lager beer made in Montgomery County, Ohio. His brother, John, died j September 5, 1858, since which time the business has been owned and operated by j our subject, who ranks as the pioneer brewer of D iyton, and whose success in his line has been second to none. Beginning upon a capital of $1,800, he has by constant at- tention to his business, and the manufacture of as good an article of beer as other firsL CITY OF DAYTON. 239 class brewers, increased his sales yearly, and thereby his financial standing, until to-day, he takes his place among the wealthy men of the Miami Yalley, being worth over 875,000. all the legitimate result of his own indefatigable will to win success. His son, John L., is the book-keeper of the establishment, and Andrew attends to the outside busi- ness, it being the intention of Mr. Schiml to retire from active life in a short time, leav- ing the management of his brewery to his sons, who are thoroughly competent of imi- tating their father’s success in life. JOHN SCHOEN, Bailiff, Superior Court, Dayton. Mr. Schoen was .born in Hessen, Germany, April 3, 1825, emigrated to America in 1856. After sojourning some two years in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and other cities in Pennsylvania, he came to Montgomery County, Ohio, in 1858, and settled in Dayton. He worked in breweries from the age of fourteen years until he came to Dayton, Ohio. After his location here, he followed frescoing and paper hanging until the fall of 1880, when he was appointed Bailiff of the Superior Court. He was elected a member of the City Council of Dayton in 1876, and served a term of two years. In 1878, he was elected for three years one of the Board of Infirmary Directors. In 1861, in the first call for troops, he enlisted in the Twelfth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served two years and four months, when he was discharged on account of wounds received in battle. In the second battle of Bull Run he lost one finger from his right hand, the rest of the hand being disabled as to almost destroy its use. He also received three other wounds in different parts of his body. It was his love for the country that gives him liberty that prompted him to enlist in its defense. He is a member of the Odd Fellows, Red Men, V. A. 0. D., and A. O. W. W. Also a member of the Gymnasium Furness Association and the 0. N, G. He was instrumental in starting the first beneficial association of this city, being one of the incorporators. He was married, September 7, 1858, to Catherine Faulstick, to whom six children have been born, viz. : Conrad, Harmon, Johnie (de- ceased) Annie, Katie and William. Mr. Schoen has always been a hard-working, in- dustrious man, true to his God and country. FREDERICK SCHUTTE, County Auditor, Dayton, was born in Dayton, Mont- gomery County, Ohio, March 16, 1846. His parents were Frederick Schutte, a native of Hesse-Cassel, Germany, who came to this country about 1840, and Catharine C. (Web- ber) Schutte, a native of Prussia, who came to America in 1838. They were married in Dayton, and had five children, three boys and two girls, of whom our subject and one girl are the only survivors. The father had his passage paid to this country by parties in Dayton, and after his arrival worked fifteen months in a stone quarry at $7 per month to repay it. His estate now owns the land on which this, the first work he performed in the new world, was done. He died February 7, 1871, after a life of honest toil, leaving his family in very good circumstances. His wife is still living and is enjoying very good health for one so advanced in years. Our subject, who was the oldest child, attended the common schools of Dayton until seventeen years old. At the age of twenty-one years, he became a Deputy in the Auditor’s office, in which he remained four years and then became Steward of the Southern Ohio Insane Asylum, under the administration of Gov. Allen. He remained at the asylum from June 19, 1874, until July 17, 1876, and then accepted a position in the County Treasurer’s office, where he served one year or until 1877, when he was elected to fill his present office. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge, Knights of Pythias, Red Men and Druids. He is also a member in good standing of the German Lutheran Church. He •esid.es with his mother and sister in Yan Buren Township, just out of the city. His pfficial service has been attended with the best of success and with credit to himself and his party. COLESTIN SCHWIND, brewer, Dayton, was born in Stadtprozelten, Bavaria, lermany, May 19, 1825, and is the son of Ignatz and Elizabeth Schwind. He came o America in 1850, and settled in Dayton, where he started a brewery in 1854, on jogau street, which he carried on fourteen years. In 1865, he built his present brew- ry in Dayton View, where he does a business of 880,000 per year. He came to Day- on a poor man, but by dint of hard labor and strict economy he has succeeded in be- 240 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : coming one of the wealthy men of the city. He was married, August 28, 1856, to Christine Latin, of Dayton, a native of Germany, to whom has been born eleven chil- dren, nine of whom survive. Mr. Schwind is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and of the Society of Druids. His family consists of his wife, seven girls and two boys, all enjoy- ing the prosperity that honest industry has brought the husband and father. HENRY L. SHEPERD, farmer and dealer in agricultural implements, Dayton, was born in Lancaster County, Penn., October 5, 1824, and is a son of Henry Lewis Sheperd, a native of Switzerland; emigrated to Americi in 1816, and landed in New York; located in Lancaster County, Penn., where he lived until 1833, when he removed to Ohio, and in 1835 located in Wayne Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, where his death occurred January 4, 1861 ; Mrs. S. died February 4, 1864. The original way of spelling the name Sheperd was Chopord, but the family were called here by the name of Sheperd. After a few years Mr. Sheperd adopted the latter man- ner of spelling his name which has always been continued by the family. A full and complete genealogy of the Sheperd family may be found in the biography of R. Sloan, among the sketches of Wayne Township in another part of this work. Henry L., Jr., came to Ohio with his parents in 1833, being then nine years of age ; he remained upon the farm and assisted his father in agricultural pursuits until 1846, when he and his brother, Jacob H., removed to Dayton and engaged in the foundry business; they originated the Buckeye Foundry, which business they continued until 1850, when they disposed of their interest. H. L. returned to the old farm and followed farming until March, 1881, at which date he removed to Dayton and engaged in the above business which he now runs in connection with farming. August 10, 1851, he was united in marriage with Sarah E. Rubsam, also a native of Pennsylvania. They were the par- ents of six children, viz. : Francis M , Laura Z. (deceased), Mary E., Susan S. (de- ceased), Jacob L. and William B. Mr. S. has been a member of the Methodist Fjpiv jj copal Church since 1843. WILLIAM JOHN SHUEY, minister and editor, Dayton, was born in Miamis- burg, Montgomery County, February 9, 1827. His father, Adam Shuey, and his mother, Hannah (Aley) Shuey, emigrated to this country in 1805, he from Dauphin County, Penn., and she from Washington County, Md. At the age of nine years, our subject moved, with his parents, to the vicinity of Springfield, Ohio, where he as- sisted his parents in opening a farm out of a dense forest. His advantages for education ! were limited to the common country schools of that day, and four months in the high school of Springfield. On the 7th of March, 1848, he married Miss Sarah Berger, whose parents, natives of Berks County, Penn., settled near Lagonda, Ohio, in 1838. By i this marriage he has been blessed by four sons, the eldest of whom, Albert L., died in childhood. Of the remaining three, Ewin L. is a professor in Otterbein University; William A. is a student in Union Biblical Seminary, Dayton, and Lincoln is a student in the Sophomore year in “ 0. U.” Mr. Shuey entered the active ministry of the Gospel in the United Brethren Church in 1849, and was appointed to his first charge at Liewisburg, Preble County, Ohio. In the autumn of 1851, he was transferred to Cincin- nati, where, at different times, he served the church seven years. He was twice elected Presiding Elder in the Miami Conference of his church, and two years pastor ol the First United Brethren Church of Dayton. In 1855, he visited the west coast oi Africa for the purpose of locating a mission among the heathen of that country. Id 1864, he was elected one of the agents of the United Brethren publishing house, Dayton in which capacity he still continues. For fifteen years, he has had sole charge of the business management of the house. In May, 1881, conf.rence elected him, fur tin fifth time, to this position, which will give him twenty-one years of continuous service When he began his work in the publishing house it was embarrassed with liabilities amounting to over $52,000. At the close of his fourth term (of four years ea-.h) at its debts were paid and the net assets exceeded $160,000. This circumstance in itselj will prove whether or not Mr. Shuey is a successful financier and shrewd busines:, manager. CITY OF DAYTON. 241 ALVAN A. SIMONDS, manufacturer of machine knives, Dayton, was born at Fitch- burg, Mass., Jan. 28, 1841. His father was Abel Simonds, a scythe manufacturer of that place. The subject of this sketch grew to manhood in his native State, and when six- teen years of age, learned his present trade. He worked at it four years, and then, in company with his brother, George F., opened a shop at home, remaining in business there for ten years. The firm was known as Simonds Brothers, and subsequently was organized into a joint-stock company, under the name of the Simonds Manufacturing Company. Mr. Simonds became its trusted and efficient Treasurer. The firm of Simonds Brothers commenced business with ten men in their employ, and in 1874, when Mr. Simonds resigned his position as Treasurer of the company, the force had been increased to 125 employes, and the amount of business to $200, U00 annually. In 1874, Mr. Simonds came West, seeking a good location for his business. On his arrival at Dayton, he was so well pleased with the business outlook that he resolved to settle himself and trade in the Valley City. He erected his present shops in Dayton View, and his success has fully justified his decision. In 1861, Mr. Simonds enlisted in Company B, Fifteenth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, and served in the Second Corps, Army of the Potomac. After a term of three years in defense of the beloved Union, he was honorably discharged and returned home. Mr. Simonds was married, in 1865, to Marcella C. Willard, a native of Leominster, Mass. Of the five children given them, four are living — Caroline J., Cora B., Herbert R. and Ethel G. Bessie E. is deceased. Mrs. Simonds is a member of the Unitarian Church of Leominster, Mass., and our subject is connected with the Old Guard. JOHN W. SOLLEN BERGER, contraetorand builder, Daytou,wasbornin Franklin County, Penn., May 30, 1820. His father, Daniel Sollenberger, was born in Franklin County, Penn., April 10, 1795. He was a weaver by trade, but worked at farm work. On the 12th of October, 1818, he married Esther Wenger, by whom he had the following- children — John W., Christopher Columbus, Daniel J., Jacob, Elizabeth, Martin and Sarah. In 1824, he came to Montgomery County, and located on Wolf Creek, one mile from Dayton, where he died in January, 1871. His wife was born at Jones- town, Lebanon Co., Penn., June 3, 1800, and all his children are still living. They are descendants of an old family, who came from Berlin, Germany, at an early day. John W., our subject, stayed on his father’s farm until seventeen years old, when he learned the carpenter trade with George Dice (above Dayton), with whom he stayed two years. He then worked as a journeyman until 1865, when, with J. N. Eyer, he commenced business for himself. Mr. Eyer retired from the firm in 1876, and for two years afterward Mr. Mason Davis was a partner. Since then, Mr. Sollenberger has conducted his business alone. He has been married three times, first February 17, 1842, to Mary Wagner, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Wagner, of Little York, Montgomery Co., Ohio, by whom he had four children, one boy and three girls, all of whom are living except a babe, that died soon after its mother, who died June 6, 1854. His second marriage was celebrated November 3, 1856, to Mary A. Roney, daughter of Hercules and Susan Roney, of Little York, who, after bearing him three boys and three girls, died April 2, 1870. He afterward married, February 14. 1871, Barbara Schoch, daughter of Frederick and Saloma (Spielman) Schoch, of Baden Baden, Ger- many, who emigrated to America in the spring of 1860, and Montgomery County in 1861. By her he has had one daughter. Mr. Sollenberger, although over threescore years of age, looks much younger. He is a steady, hard-working man, who tends to his own business and leaves others to do the same. His reputation throughout the city is most complimentary to himself and family. JAMES STEELE was born in Rockbridge County, Va., October 28, 1778, and died in Dayton August 22, 1841. He was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, the family having- emigrated from the North of Ireland to Virginia in 1737. His father, Robert Steele, removed to Kentucky in 1788, and settled in Fayette County, near Lexington. James Steele was brought up amid the dangers and privations of pioneer life, and the founda- ! tions were thus laid for a manly, self-reliant character. When twenty-one years old, he loaded a flat-boat with produce, and descending the Kentucky. Ohio and Mississippi p 242 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : Rivers to New Orleans disposed of his cargo, and returned on horseback to his home- in Kentucky. In 1806, he came to Dayton and engaged in merchandising in connec- tion with Joseph Peirce, whose sister, Phebe Peirce, he afterward, in 1812, married. Isaac Peirce, the father of his wife, was a member of the Ohio Company, and came to Marietta, Ohio, in 1788, with the first colony which settled in the State, the same year in which the Steele family arrived in Kentucky. When he became a citizen of Day- ton, he at once identified himself with all efforts to promote the prosperity of the town. He took the liveliest interest in education, and served for many years as a Trustee of the old Dayton Academy. He was a member of the board when the old buildings on St. Clair street were sold, and a new one erected on the lot where the present high school building stands. He was instrumental in the employment of Mr. E. E. Barney as a teacher, and appreciating his admirable qualities, retired from the Trusteeship, when he retired from the Academy. Because of his well-known interest in education, he was appointed by the Governor of Ohio one of the earliest Trustees of Miami Uni- versity, and served for many years, manifesting the deepest interest in that institution until the time of his death. He was early elected a Trustee of the First Presbyterian Church. He was a member of that body when the first and second church buildings were erected on the lot where the present elegant stone structure stands. He was especially interested in the second building, which, when erected, was considered a model church, and gave to it much of his means and personal attention. The house was just completed when he died in 1841. An incident of the war of 1812 may serve to illustrate his promptness and decision of character. After the disgraceful sur render of Gen. Hull, uews came to Dayton that the Indians assembled in council near Piqua, emboldened by the success of the British, were dangerous and threatening to attack the inhabitants. The news came on Saturday, and, on Sunday morning at 7 o’clock, a company of seventy men was ready, and marched to the front, commanded by Capt. Steele. The alarm proved to be groundless, and, after a few days the company returned home. Capt. Steele was retained longer in the service by order of Gen. Har- rison, to superintend the building of block-houses at St. Mary’s for the protection of the people of that region. In 1824, he was chosen one of the electors for President and Vice President of the United States for the State of Ohio, and had the satisfaction of joining in casting the vote of the State for his friend and favorite statesman, Henry Clay. He was twice elected by the Legislature an Associate Judge for Montgomery County, and served in that capacity for fourteen years. In 1834, he was elected to represent Preble and Montgomery Counties in the Senate of the State, and, in 1836, re-elected, serving four years. He was one of the original stockholders in 1840 in the Woodland Cemetery Association, and presided at the meeting when the Association was organized by the election of the first Board of Trustees. He was elected a Director in the Dayton Bank in 1815, and, in 1822, was elected President and held the position up to the end of his life. The bank occupied the two-story stone building still standing on Main street, north of First. It was the aim of the bank to accommodate Dayton mechanics and business men with loans at a low rate of interest, and such customers were always preferred to foreign borrowers, even if more profitable. So prudently had the bank been managed that it did not seriously suffer from the great commercial reverse commencing in 1837, and continuing through several years. It was a matter of great pride to the officers of the bank that while the other banks of the State were compelled to suspend specie payments, its notes were redeemed in coin whenever pre- sented. The following extract of an obituary notice, written by the late Judge Crane and published in the Dayton Journal , will show the estimation in which he was held bj his fellow citizens. “ In all the relations of life, public and private, his character was irreproachable. On the bench he was distinguished for good sense, integrity and;! impartiality. As a legislator in a period of great public excitement, though firm andj consistent in his political opinions, he won the esteem and respect of his opponents by his candor and moderation. His private life was not more marked by strict and un- yielding integrity than by the kindness and benignity of his nature to all his fellow-' creatures. His death was sudden and unlooked-for, but he was a humble and devoted Christian, and his life had been in preparation for that awful event.” CITY OF DAYTON. 243 DR. JOHN STEELE, Dayton. John Steele, M. D., the son of Robert and Agnes Coulter Steele, was born in Fayette County, Ky., April 1, 1791. He was educated at Tran- sylvania University, Lexington, Ky., and attended lectures in the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, of which college the celebrated Dr. Ben- jamin Rush was at the time a Professor and lecturer. Having completed his medical course, he was induced by the residence of his brother, James Steele, in Dayton, to choose that place to' commence the practice of his profession. During the war of 1812. Dayton was a depot of supplies for the army, and a great thoroughfare. A large number of wounded from the army were brought to the town and a hospital established. Dr. Steele was employed as a physician and surgeon, and found ample opportunity to extend and perfect his knowledge of surgery. This was of the utmost value to a young surgeon just beginning practice, and gave him at once an established position in his profession. In his after life, he was called in consultation in difficult cases in all the surrounding country. Confining himself closely to his profession, and steadily refusing all offers of polit- ical preferment, his life, well rounded and filled with usefulness as it was, offers few salient points for the biographer. He was always ready to discharge the duties of a good citizen, and served for many years as a member and President of the City Council. His name is prominently connected with the benevolent and religious societies of his day ; he was a founder and liberal contributor of the Dayton Library Association ; was an original stockholder in the Woodland Cemetery Association, and a prominent member and President of the Montgomery County Medical Society. In 1829, he was elected an Elder of the First Presbyterian Church, and served in that capacity until 1837. In that year a colony, of which he was a leading member and Elder, left the First Church and established the Third Street Presbyterian Church. He was largely instrumental, at great self-sacrifice, in building a house of worship, which, at the time, was considered one of the finest church buildings in the West. This has been recently removed to give place to another and finer, but the present builders will not be called upon to bestow on the work a tithe of the anxious thought and self-denial required of the building commit- tee of the first house. Dr. Steele served the Third Street Church as a Ruling Elder from its origin to the time of his decease. Only members of that church can know the respect and love in which he was held. In his extensive practice in Dayton and Montgomery County, he made a wide cir- cle of acquaintances and friends. Many families may yet be found, although twenty-seven years have elapsed since his death, who speak of him with reverence and warm affection. He was remarkable for his dry humor and wit, and his old patients recall and repeat his witty sayings with a relish, no doubt heightened by the memory of the relief they Drought amid the despondency and pain of the sick room. After a protracted illness, which he bore with the greatest fortitude and patience, he died October 21, 1854. Nothing better illustrates the deep impression he made on the community than the estimonials offered to his memory at the time of his death. The following is an extract >f an editorial which appeared in the Dayton Journal: “ We seek not to write a formal obituary of the departed, nor yet to attempt a de- ail of his virtues or of the remarkable traits of character for which lie was distinguished, lis long residence in Dayton dating back to its early settlement, and his prominent po- rtion as a practitioner of medicine, gave him an extensive acquaintance in the city and urrounding country, securing for him a name which is associated with all that is hon- rable, noble and elevated in human chai’acter. Few men go down to the grave leaving memory in which the fragrance of good deeds, the exaltation of true manhood, and the levation of Christian character, so happily combine to render it truly blessed.” The following are the proceedings of the Montgomery County Medical Society: “At a called meeting of the Montgomery County Medical Society, occasioned by he death of Dr. John Steele, the President (Dr. Haines) addressed the society in a very deling and appropriate manner. He was followed by Dr. Awl and others, after which ie following resolutions were adopted : “ W t hereas, the members of the Montgomery County Medical Society have received i 244 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: notice of the death of John Steele, M. D., a former President of this body, and a great and good man, always respected and beloved in the profession. And, Whereas, we with one accord have assembled to take suitable action on an occasion so appropriate for testimony to departed worth. Therefore, be it Resolved , That a public acknowledgment of the many virtues, and the noble bear- ing of our venerable and departed friend and co-laborer in medical practice, is not only honorable and due on the part of the living, but is eminently just and becoming to the memory and character of the departed dead. “ Resolved , That, as citizens and surviving members of a common profession, we deeply realize and every way deplore the loss which science and the community have this day sustained in the removal by death of this highly esteemed and useful man. “ Resolved , That we most truly sorrow and condole with the members of his family and relatives in this affliction and dispensation of Divine Providence. “ Resolved , That we attend his funereal in a body and as a society.” Dr. Steele was twice married. His first wife, whose maiden name was Jane Boyd, lived but a short time after marriage. On the 30th of October, 1823, he married Miss Cornelia King, of Morristown, N. J., who, after a happy married life of thirty-one years, survived him twenty-five years, dying April 25, 1880. His eldest son, Dr. Henry K. Steele, adopted his father’s profession and succeeded to his practice. To benefit the health of his family, hje removed, in 1871, to Denver, Colo., where he now resides, enjoying a large and lucrative practice. ROBERT W STEELE, son of James Steele, whose biography appears in this work, was born in Dayton July 3, 1819. He was prepared for college in the Dayton j, Academy, at that time in charge of Mr. E. E. Barney, and was graduated at Miami i University in 1840. After leaving college, he entered the law office of Crane & Davies, but attacked ii with hemorrhage of the lungs, was prohibited by his physician from pursuing the | study of the law. Unable to practice a profession, he heartily engaged in enterprises |![ for the benefit of the community. In 1842, when a city charter was granted to Dayton, and the public schools organized under it, he was appointed by the City Council a member of the Board of Education. This position he filled by repeated re-elections for thirty years, and served for twelve years as President of the board. In 1847, he was one of the founders of the Dayton Library Association, and for many years a Director and President. When, ! in 1860, the Library Association was united with the Public Library, he was appointed) by the Board of Education Chairman of the library committee and served in that ' capacity until 1875, when he retired from the Board of Education. On his retirement from the board the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : Whereas, Mr. Robert W. Steele retires from this board after a continuous service of more than thirty years : Therefore be it Resolved, That we desire in the name of the people of Dayton, whom we represent, t( thank him for his faithful and efficient service as a member of this board, for the interest he has always manifested in the cause of popular education and for his untiring efforts to increase th< efficiency of our common school system. Resolved, That for his constant, able and unremitting attention to the Public Library is ip a great measure due the establishment and growth of an institution which is a just source o' pride to the people of Dayton ; and that we sincerely regret the decision which deprives thi schools and library of the benefit of his judgment and experience. Resolved, That these resolutions be enrolled upon the minutes of this board, and that copy of the same be furnished Mr. Steele by the Clerk. ! In 1844, he was one of the incorporators of Cooper Female Seminary, and serve* as a member of the Board of Trustees until the institution passed into private hands In 1857, he was appointed by Gov. Chase a Trustee of Miami University and serve' nine years. He was one of the earliest members of the Montgomery County Agriculture- Society and served as its President. He has also been an active member of the seven Horticultural Societies which have been established, and has been Treasurer from tb CITY OF DAYTON. 245 beginning of the present successful one. In 1852, he was elected a member of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture and had charge, in 1853, of the first State Fair held in Dayton. At that time the labor of preparing for the fair, now performed by a salaried officer, was largely thrown on the member resident where the fair was held. In the early history of the railroads centering in Dayton, he was active in pro- moting that interest. He has been a subscriber to the stock of all the railroads, ex- cept three, entering Dayton. He served as a Director in the Dayton & Western and Dayton, Xenia & Belpre roads. The war of the rebellion warmly enlisted his sympathies for the cause of the Union, and he took an active part in all measures to promote enlistments and to pro- vide for the comfort of the soldiers and their families. He was appointed by the Gov- ernor of Ohio and served as a member of the Military Committee for Montgomery County ; was a member of the Sanitary Commission and Chairman of the Citizens Committee to assist in raising the Ninety- third Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In 1853, he was elected Secretary of Woodland Cemetery Association to succeed Robert C. Schenck, who had been sent Minister to Brazil. On the death of John W. Van Cleve in 1858, he was elected President, and has filled the position to the present time, a period of twenty-three years. In 1866, he was appointed by the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church (New School) a member of a committee to meet a similar committee on the part of the Old School branch of the church to devise measures for the re-union of the two churches. This committee did much of the preparatory work which resulted in the cordial and happy re-union of the churches. When the Montgomery County Children’s Home was established in 1867, he was appointed a Trustee by the County Commissioners and served nine years. During his trusteeship the grounds for the Home were purchased and the present building erected. In 1867, he w 7 as appointed by Gov. Cox, a member of the Ohio State Board of Charities and served five years. The duty of this board is “ to investigate the whole system of the public charities and correctional institutions of the State, and recommend such changes and additional provisions as they may deem necessary for their econom- ical and efficient administration.” Mr. Steele has been a member of the Presbyterian Church since 1841, and has served as an Elder in the Third Street Church since 1854. JACOB STICKLE, brewer, Dayton, was born in Neckar-Thailtingen, Wurtem- berg, Germany, February 26, 1825, and emigrated to America in 1849, landing in New Orleans, La., on the 1st of May in that year. His lather, John Jacob, and mother, Katerina, were natives of the above place in Germany, the former having been born there October 22, 1798. Our subject on his arrival in this country came straight to Dayton, where he arrived on June 1. 1849, and, for two years thereafter, he butchered, that being his tr .de, for Adam Hopple. He afterward opened a stall in market, which he attended for seventeen years, or until 1868, when he purchased the brewery of Saunders & Stopplemann, in which he now does about $50,000 worth of business annu- ally. He was married, August 31, 1851, to Barbara Drecksel, by whom he had two children — Katerina and William, the former dying in early childhood. William grew to manhood, and is now assisting his father in his business, to which he will eventually succeed. On arriving in Dayton, Mr. Stickle had but little money and no friends; to- day he is considered one of the wealthy men of the city, which standing he has obtained by honest dealing with his fellow-men, shrewd business sagacity and close economy. HENRY STODDARD (deceased) was born in Woodbury, Conti., March 18, 1788, and died in Dayton, Ohio, November 1, 1869. He was a son of Asa Stod- dard, a descendant of the Rev. Anthony Stoddard, of London, Eng., who settled in Bos- ton in 1670, and whose numerous descendants have, for more than two centuries, occu- pied honorable positions in several States of the Union. Senator Sherman and also Gen. Sherman are descendants from the Stoddard family. Having received such edu- cation as the common schools of this day afforded, our subject spent the last five years 246 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : of his minority in the capacity of store clerk. He then read law and was admitted to the bar in 1812. Four years later, he came West on horseback in company with the late Hon. George B. Holt, of Dayton, and, in 1817, permanently located in that city, At that time, Dayton was a village of some 600 inhabitants in the center of a vast unbroken wilderness, and for many years, Mr. Stoddard made the circuit of the courts in the different counties on horseback, riding for days through the storms of winter, and at night often sleeping in the bush. Of the early lawyers of Dayton, Mr. Stoddard was one of the most prominent and successful. From 1840 to 1844, he was in part- nership with Judge D. A. Haynes. Having by the latter year acquired a handsome competency, he retired from regular practice and devoted himself to the management of his private affairs. He was one of the constituent members of the First Presbyterian Church of Dayton, in which body he was, for many years, a ruling deacon. He also held the office of Vice President and Life Director of the American Colonization So- ciety. For many years previous to his death, he was an invalid. His first wife was H; irriet L. Patterson who died October 1, 1822, leaving one son, Asa P., now a resi- dent of St. Louis, Mo. His second wife was Susan Williams, the daughter of an early pioneer of Dayton. She died April 5, 1861, leaving three sons and one daughter to honor her memory. The daughter is Mrs. Col. S. B. Smith, of Dayton. The oldest sou is a resident of California. The two youngest, John W. and Ebenezer F,, con- stitute the manufacturing firm of John W. Stoddard & Co., one of the most extensive of its kind in the country. In 1861, Mr. John W. married Miss Susan, daughter of Daniel Kiefer, a retired business man of Dayton, and has had five children born him, three living. He is a man of modest manners and great kindness of heart. He gradu- ated from Princeton College, N. J., in 1858; studied law with his father and was admitted to practice in 1860. He continued, however, but a short time in the pro- fession and then turned his attention to manufacturing business. Ebenezer F., the youngest son of our subject, graduated at Yale College in 1867, and in the autumn fol- lowing engaged with his brother in the manufacture of linseed oil, in which business they continued five years. In 1872, he was made Superintendent and Secretary of the Dayton Steam Gauge Company, and, in 1875, became a member of the firm of John W. Stoddard & Co., and has since been Superintendent of their manufactory. On November 10, 1868, he married Miss Bessie W., daughter of Col. John G. Lowe, of Dayton, and has had four children, two deceased. He is a gentleman of a genial, accommodating spirit, and is very systematic, prompt and energetic. HENRY W. STOUT, printer, Dayton. The history of this county would be incomplete without a brief sket< h of Henry W. Stout, the veteran printer and publisher of Ohio. He was born in Somerset County, N. J., November 7, 1807, and in 1811 came with his parents to Warren County, Ohio. His father, George W. Stout, went out in the war of 1812, and died during that struggle. Henry was the eldest in a family of three children, and is to-day the only survivor. He began to learn the printer’s trade May 11, 1822, in the office of the Western Star, Lebanon, Ohio, where he remained four years, then went to Cincinnati and worked eight months, dur- ing which time he made up the forms and worked off the first large-sized daily sheet published in that city. In the fall of 1826, he went to New York, and worked for nearly six years in Harper’s Publishing House, four of which he was Superintendent of the composing room. In the spring of 1833, he was engaged as editor on the Wooster Journal, of Wayne County, Ohio ; in the fall of the same year became editor and proprietor of the Ohio Argus, of Lebanon, Ohio ; and the following spring moved his paper to Franklin, where he issued it under the name of the Ohio Argus and Frank- lin Gazette. This was the first printing establishment in Franklin. In 1839, he re- moved to Sidney, Ohio, and there published his paper under the title of the Ohio Ar- gus and Sidney Aurora. In 1841, he purchased the Troy Times, of Troy, Ohio which he sold in 1847, and bought the Dayton Transcript, which he disposed ot in 1850 to William C. Howells & Co. The same year he took back the Transcript, and its name was changed to the Dayton Gazette, with which he was connected until 1858. Since that time, he has been connected with various papers of Dayton in different ca- CITY OF DAYTON. 247 pacifies. In 1872, he established the Franklin Advertiser, which he sold in 1876, and since then has run a job office in which several papers have been printed. In Septem- ber, 1837, Mr. Stout was married to Caroline A. McClisty, who bore him one son, George K., who died as a veteran of the rebellion in 1864. Mrs. Stout died in 1843, and in 1845 he married Elizabeth Kennedy, to whom has been born one daughter, Esther Anna, who died in 1878. Although Mr. Stout is nearly seventy-five years of age, he is still able to look after his office and business, in which he has been engaged more than sixty years, a period unparalleled in the history of the Ohio press. JOHN TEMPLE, deceased, was born February 3, 1821, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and was a son of Robert and Christina (Allen) Temple, people in moderate circumstances, who followed the quiet occupation of farming. His father was a Captain in the militia, and his mother a daughter of Capt. Robert Allen of the Royal Navy. John enjoyed the advantages of the parochial schools of his native country until seven- teen years old, when he was apprenticed to learn the trade of machinist and mechanical engineer at the town of Cubadona. He served five years at his trade, and after attaining his majority was employed for one year as a journeyman in Scotland. In April, 1843, he left home to seek his fortune in America, and having a natural proclivity for general mechanics, he soon became familiar with the details of mill building, which he carried on in Canada until the year 1848, when he entered the “ States,” first at Buffalo, and afterward residing at Sandusky, Ohio. In July, 1851, he arrived at Dayton, where he followed mill building along the valley of the Miami, and in 1854 became associated with two partners under the firm name of Stout, Mills & Temple, in the manufacture of mill machinery, which firm has long been widely known as being the most extensive and enterprising manufacturers of mill machinery in the West. In 1859, he obtained a patent for the American turbine wheel, an invention whose importance may be inferred from the fact that although it was followed by a great number of imitations as close as the law would permit, it continued for more than a decade to almost monopolize the market, and of which more than 5,000 have been manufactured at the shops of the firm. The case, as well as the wheel, is his invention, and the subject of a patent. In 1873, both of these patents were renewed by the Government. Mr. Temple was also the author or projector of several other inventions of importance, but on which he ne- glected to secure patents. Prominent amoDg these are the universal feed for boring mills and drill presses, also an engine for the cutting and automatic counting of the teeth of wheels. The drill feed has come into general use, and would have been the source of a handsome income if he had secured the patent on it. From the above recital of the principal events of his career, it is not necessary to say he was a self-made man. He was married April 6, 1853, to Sarah Ann, daughter of Henry Riddick, of Preble County, Ohio, by whom he had five children, of whom only one survives, viz., John C., who now occupies his father’s place in the firm. Mr. Temple died February 7, 1879, leaving a host of friends to mourn his loss. To the mechanical world his death was a calamity, as his fertile brain was continually devising new and important pieces of mechanism. He was a life-long Mason of the highest standing, and was buried with the ceremonies of the Scottish Rite degree. He was also an able and consistent member of the I. 0. 0. F. fraternity, and of the First Baptist Church of Dayton. In conclusion we would say the immense success of the firm with which he was connected, is largely due to his untiring energy, inventive genius and mechanical skill, in fact, we nave been told by manufacturers and others who knew him throughout his business career, that John Temple was “ the brains ” of the Globe Iron Works. ELIHU THOMPSON. The subject of this sketch was born on the 13th day ;)f October, 1837, in Randolph Township, Montgomery County, Ohio. His parents )oth emigrated from the State of Pennsylvania, his father, James F. Thompson, from Cayette County, in the year 1818, and his mother, Mary Ann Riley, in the year 1820, rom Bedford County, in that State. The father came with his parents, by means of jat-boat, from above Pittsburgh on the Allegheny, to Cincinnati, while the mother ame with her family by means employed on the overland routes in that day. The auds at that time in Randolph Township, were heavily timbered, and a great measure 248 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: swampy in their character, and required a vast amount of labor bestowed on them before they could be fitted for cultivation. There was at that time considerable land held by the Government, which was taken up by these early settlers, and is now among the best farms in that part of the county. The first schoolhouse in that district was built about a half mile from where Mr. E. Thompson was born, and at which, for several years, he at- tended school, and acquired his rudimental education. He excelled especially in spell- ing, it being said of him at one time, by an admiring teacher, that he could spell every- thing in Webster’s spelling book, without missing a single word. In the year 1848, his parents removed to Jackson Township, near Fartnersville of the same county, where until the year 1854 he remained with them upon the farm, engaged with them in its oi'dinary employment, and attending the common schools during the winter months. In 1855, he attended the southwestern Ohio Normal School at Lebanon, Warren County, and in September of that year, commenced teaching one of the schools in the immedi- ate neighborhood of Farmersville, which he continued in for several months, and again re- turned to the normal school at Lebanon, and engaged in the study of the higher branches of mathematics and the natural sciences. After becoming proficient in all the branches necessary to be taught in those schools of the country, in which he continued to teach for several years, he determined to adopt the practice of the law as his permanent pro- fession in life, and to this end provided himself with copies of Blackstone, Kent and Walker’s Commentaries on the Law, along with Parsons on Contracts and Greenleafon ] Evidence, and Bouvier’s Law Dictionary, and while engaged in his ordinary occupation j of teaching, gave all the time to reading these books of the law that he could command and in the year 1862, attended one term of the law school at Cleveland, Ohio, where he graduated with some thirty others, and was admitted to the bar of the State, and |j upon the recommendation of the professors.of the college, also to practice in the District li Court of Northern Ohio. At that time the war was in progress, and after the close of the law school, upon returning to Dayton on the 6th of August, with a number of the young men of the neighborhood, he enlisted in the Ninty-third Ohio Regiment, under Capt. Allen, Company E, and in the latter part of the month went with his regiment I, into Kentucky, as far as Lexington, where he was taken sick and ordered to the hospi- tal, while the regiment itself was sent on that- precipitate march to Richmond, Ky., to engage Kirby Smith, who was then advancing northward with a view of attacking] the city of Cincinnati. The Union forces were driven back upon Lexington in the wildest disorder and confusion, and the town on the next week was captured by the forces under Gen. Morgan and Kirby Smith, and all who were then in the hospital declared] to be prisoners of war, and as soon as they were able to march were paroled. About] the middle of September, Mr. Thompson reported at Camp Chase, Columbus, and again] in October, when upon being subjected to a medical examination, he was declared physically] unable to discharge the duties ol a private soldier and was honorably discharged, and] entirely satisfied with all that is not derived from the pride and pomp and circumstan- stance of war. He again returned to his profession, teaching, in which he continued until March, 1864, when he came to Dayton and opened a law office, since which time] he has closely devoted himself almost exclusively to the business and duties of that pro-] fession. In the year 1869, he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Montgomery County,] ant re-elected in 1811, serving in this capacity for a period of four successive years, with a measure of success both gratifying to himself and the members of his profession. Mr. Thompson’s parents are both now living at Johnsville, in this county, his father,] at the age of seventy, and his mother at the age of sixty-eight years. The fatherii served as a member of the Ohio Legislature for one term, in the years 1874-75. Hit] father’s family consists of the subject of our sketch ; L. H. Thompson, engaged in mer- chandising, at Troy, Ohio; Franklin Thompson, farmer, and W. R. Thompson a physi- cian, and one daughter, Eliza Jane Lukens, all of whom are living, no deaths having as yet occurred in the immediate family of the parents. In 1865, Mr. E. Thompson was married to Elina Jane Gregg, of Springboro, Warren County, Ohio, who died at Day- ton on the 11th of September, A. D. 1865. In 1868, he was again married, to Miss Belle Whitmore, of Dayton, Ohio, who is the daughter of Jacob Whitmore, deceased CITY OF DAYTON. 249 formerly a resident of Madison Township, adjoining the Soldiers’ Home. In his polit- ical faith, Mr. Thompson is a Democrat, but independent in his judgment upon all polit- ical subjects, believing in gold and silver as the only true theory of a currency, an ardent advocate of free trade, believing that in the end the protection system will prove itself to be founded in the worst character of sophistry and selfishness, and be the means of en- forcing the oppression of many to enrich the comparatively few in number. In matters of religion, he may be said to be Unitarian, giving all religious discussion a fair hear- ing, but reserving all matters of faith to his private judgment. He is not a believer in the popular creeds of the day, but yields a hearty assent to the faith and doctrines of immortality. He has devoted much time and attention to writing upon these subjects, associating them with the scientific discussions of the day, and while having never ap- peared in public, has given several interesting lectures to select and private assemblies upon subjects of this charcater, and for his amusement, as well as culture, has indulged in writing poems, most of which however, are of a humorous nature. ISAAC N. THORNE, merchant, Dayton, was born in Waterloo, Seneca Co., N. Y., October 25, 1842. He is the son of Isaac and Eliza (Buddell) Thorne, of New York. Our subject is one of a family of two sons and two daughters. He at- tended the public schools of his native city until he was fourteen years of age, when he was obliged, on account of diseased eyes, to give up his schooling. He afterward clerked in a grocery, worked on his father’s farm, learned tinning, and in 1863 enlisted in Battery L, Sixteenth New York Heavy Artillery, from which he was discharged at the close of the war. After the war, he returned to Waterloo, where he remained un- til 1870, when he came to Dayton and started a junk shop. He is still in that busi- ness, and has sixteen wagons constantly on the road. In 1867, he married Elizabeth Close, daughter of William and Mary Close, of Waterloo, by whom he has had three boys and one girl, the latter having since died. Mr. Thorne is a member of tne Board of Education and Chairman of the High School Committee. He is also a member of the Knights of Honor, and Grace Methodist Church. He takes a good deal of inter- est in educational matters, and is a valuable auxiliary to that board. DR. H. A. TOBEY, Superintendent of the Dayton Asylum for the Insane, Day- ton, was born in the northern part of Union County, Ohio, April 6, 1852, where his early boyhood life was spent. In 1864, his parents located in Mt. Victory, Hardin Co., Ohio, where he acquired his primary education. During the years 1870-71, his time was devoted in Wesleyan University at Delaware. At the age of twenty, he commenced the study of medicine under the tutorship of Drs. Watt and Snodgras, of Kenton, Ohio, and graduated at the age of twenty- three, at the Miami Medical College of Cincinnati, Ohio. He soon after located in Sidney, Ohio, where he practiced two years, the latter one in partnership with the able and established Dr. H. S. Conklin, the father of Dr. Conklin, of Dayton. While in Sid- ney, he received and accepted an appointment to the Columbus Insane Asylum, as As- sistant Physician under the well-known Dr. Richard Gundry, who was for sixteen years the Superintendent of the Insane Asylum at Dayton, Ohio, and one to whom much is due for the present standing of the institution. In May, 1877, apolitical re-organization of the Columbus Asylum took place, at which time some of the officials were removed, but Dr. Tobey was then promoted to First Assistant Physician, which position he held until May, 1880, when he was elected to his present position, of which he took charge ■luly 15 following. To undertake to estimate the life and career of one so young as he, would be a premature proceeding ; but, marked as it has been by integrity and profita- ble exercise of sound abilities, there can be no danger in predicting that his future will satisfy every reasonable hope of his many friends. CHARLES F. TOWER, manufacturer, Dayton. This gentleman is a member )f the Tower Varnish Company, and was born in Hingham, Mass., twelve miles from Boston, April 19, 1823. His father was Isaiah Tower, a farmer of that county. When old enough, Mr. Tower served as an apprentice at the painting trade at Roxbury, tow a portion of the city of Boston. He then attended school two years at Worcester, fiass., and subsequently engaged to do ornamental painting for Downing & Son, man- 250 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: ufacturers of basses, coaches, etc., Concord, N. H. He remained at that business four years, and for one year after contracted for the painting in the car shops established at Hartford. In March, 1852, Mr. Tower came to Dayton, and soon after took the con- tract for painting in the car works then owned by E. Thresher & Co. Mr. Tower man- ufactured all the varnishes and Japan used by that establishment, and after a period of six years, engaged with E. & J. B. Thresher in the manufacture of varnishes. He re- mained in this connection eight and a half years. He then sold out his interest, and in connection with Chicago parties, formed the stock company, for the manufacture of var- nish, etc., under the name of the Tower Yarnish Co., Mr. Tower becoming its President. This office he has satisfactorily filled to the present time. Mr. Tower became a member of the Baptist denomination while a resident of Roxbury, and upon coming to Dayton, united with the First Church. When a portion of the society, residing in the eastern part of the city desired a place of worship nearer home, Mr. Tower became one of the organizers of the Linden Avenue Church, and, with his wife, has continued a faithful member to the present time. He was married, in 1852, to Annie J. Bisbee, a native of Waterville, Me. They have one son — Carl V. Mr. Tower was formerly a member of the Free Soil and Liberty parties, but since the organization of the Republican party, has been a quiet, but earnest advocate of its principles. JAMES TURNER, retired, Dayton, was born on the 8th of June, 1812, at Kidderminster, Worcestershire, England, and at the age of nine years was put to learn the trade of a Brussells carpet weaver, and was considered an adept in the business upon reaching his majority. From fourteen to twenty-three, Mr. Turner devoted all his spare moments through the day time, as well as every night, to study, having had no chance of attending school after his ninth year, and thus he laid the foundation for that wider sphere of knowledge, which he afterward acquired by contact with men and books. At the age of eighteen, he joined the I. 0. O. F., and is yet an active member of the order, having devoted much of his time to the advancement of friend- ship, love and truth. He was married, June 21, 1835, to Miss Mary Brooks, of Stone Parish, near Kidderminster, England, and on the 12th of May, 1840, left his native land with his wife and three children, landing in New York on the 24th day of June following. In 1842, he came with his family to Dayton, Ohio, arriving here on the 12th of July, having traveled by water and wagon from Tariffville, Conn., spending four teen days on the road. Soon after coming to Dayton, he began working at coverlet and carpet weaving, on the corner of Fifth and Stone streets, continuing in that line until March, 1858, when he formed a partnership with Robert Mercer, and engaged in the wood-turning business. In 1852, Mr. Turner was elected a member of the City Coun- cil, and continued therein most of the time until 1880. In 1857, he was elected a County Commissioner of this couuty, and in 1859 was elected Magistrate, which posi- tion he filled until 1868, with credit to himself and satisfaction to the community at large. In the fall of 1862, Mr. Turner was appointed by the Governor a member of the Military Committee of Montgomery County, and May 23, 1863, was requested to raise a company of Ohio National Guards, which he did, reporting to the Adjutant General on June 28, that he had enlisted eighty-seven men, which company was ac- cepted and designated as Company B, Second Regiment Ohio National Guards, of which Mr. Turner was immediately elected Captain. On the 2d day of May, 1 864, under the call of Gov. Brough for one-hundred-day men, he reported with his company for duty, was accepted, and mustered into the United States service as Company B One Hundred and Thirty-first Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, did duty at Balti more, Md., and was mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, August 25, 1864. In 1868, Mr, Turner retired to private life, but in 1878 he was elected to the State Legislature tc fill a vacancy therein. At this time our subject is a well-preserved man of nearly seventy years of age, forty of which has been spent in Dayton, and we can truly say that few men have won and retained to a greater degree the respect and confidence oij its citizens. JEFFERSON A. WALTERS, physician, Dayton, was born in Fayette County Penn., October 19, 1810. His father, Ephraim Walters, was born in the samt CITY OF DAYTON. 251 county in 1776, and, in 1800, boated flour to New Orleans in a keel-boat. In 1803, he married Elizabeth Ache, daughter of a Dunkard preacher, and passed his life in farming and stock-raising, and died at the ripe old age of ninety years. Ephraim, the grandfather of our subject, was captured at the age of fourteen by the Shawnee Indians on the South Branch of the Potomac, in Virginia, in 1851, together with his mother and six other children, her husband being shot dead at the same time. On crossing the mountains westward, her nursing babe was torn from her breast and its brains dashed out against a tree, and she herself was tied to a tree and tortured to death in the most horrid manner. Young Walters and the other prisoners were taken to an Indian vil- lage on the Monongahela, near Pittsburgh, and was adopted by the chief, Youghasliaw, kindly treated, and became an expert hunter. He was a witness of Braddock’s defeat, and Ihe fall of Fort Du Quesne in 1758. He was exchanged in 1759, but becoming offended it the overbearing disposition of some British officers, he soon followed his Indian associ- ites to Ohio and spent two years on the Muskingum River and its branches. In 1761, he •eturned to the Monongahela, and made his headquarters at the village of the cele- brated Indian chief, Cornstalk, in what is now Fayette County. In 1770, he located, >y “ tomahawk title,” about seven hundred acres of land in that county, which is o-day among the finest and most valuable land of any in Western Pennsylvania. In he same year, he married a Miss De Bolt, of French descent, and from this union there rere reared seven sons and three daughters. Three lived to the age of ninety ; six to ver seventy-five, and one to fifty-five. During the Revolution, Mr. W. raised a com- pany for the defense of the settlement. During the war of 1812, his youngest son Icing drafted, Mr. Walters, though over seventy-five years of age, offered himself as a iubstitute, and was accepted. For a number of years he filled the office of Justice of he Peace. Most of the land which he located is still in possession of his descendants, le died in 1835, aged ninety-six years, and his wife followed him seven years later at he age of ninety-four years. Dr. W., our subject, came to Ohio in the fall of 1830, tid entered as the first student at the Eclectic Medical College, then just organized at jVorthington, Ohio, where he graduated in 1834. He began practice in Perry County, here he remained some three years. In June, 1837, he located as a practicing physi- an in Dayton, Ohio. On December 24, 1840, he married Lucetta E., only daughter James Brooks, by whom he has had one son and one daughter. In the summer of 341, he engaged in the drug trade, which he carried on very successfully for twenty - ye years. In January, 1866, he had the misfortune to be thrown from a buggy, iceiving a very serious injury to his spine. He was almost disabled for six years 'terward, and was a great sufferer, but finally found relief, and has since enjoyed toler- )le health. His only son, James B., is a prominent druggist of Dayton. In politics, r. W. has always been a stanch Democrat. He now devotes most of his time to tellectual pursuits, of which he is specially fond. He is particularly fond of histor- d and philosophical subjects, and his reading in this direction has made him quite an tiquarian. He is well preserved for his age, and looks much younger thaD he is. e possesses a very genial nature and unusually fine social qualities. JOHN A. WEAVER, tobacconist, Da} 7 ton, was born in Ohio October 9, 1819. is father was Adam Weaver, a Revolutionary soldier, a native of Pennsylvania, and ? mother a native of Ohio. Our subject, who was their oldest son, was married, in 40, to Miss Rachael Shade, who was born in 1822, and by whom he has had four ildren, two boys and two girls — John Alfred, James M., Elvina and Milla. Of 3se, Elvina is married to J. T. Gassett, two others are in New York, and John Al- ; d is at home, being the only one the old folks have with them. Mr. Weaver was a mer until 1878, when he engaged in the tobacco business, in which he has since con- ued. LEWIS H. WEBBER, manufacturer and dealer in cut stone, Dayton, was born at 'lem, N. J., in 1845. His father was Thomas Webber, a merchant of that city. '• Webber was reared in his native State and Delaware. He reeeived his educational Ijining in the Newark Academy, where he prepared for college. In 1869, Mr. Web- ' came to Dayton through the influence of his uncle, who was engaged in the stone 252 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: business. He obtained employment with the firm as book-keeper, and remained h that position five years. He then formed a partnership with S. T. Bryce in the stom business. They erected a mill near the Union depot, where operations were commenced Mr. Webber’s business increased with time, and at present he is one of the largest con tractors of stone in the State. A sketch of his business will be found in the chapte: on the industrial interests of Dayton. Mr. Webber was united in marriage, in 1875 to Florence Southgate, a native of Delaware. Two children have been sent to files this union — Emma E and Elorrie. Mr. Webber and wife are faithful and consisten members of the Third Street Presbyterian Church. Mr. Webber’s father and grand father were “ Old-Line Whigs,” but the subject of this sketch has been a Republicar “ all the days of my life.” He is a man of strict business integrity, and since cornin' to Dayton has made many warm personal friends. REV. J. T. WEBSTER, minister, Dayton. This gentleman was born in Bensa lem, Penn., May 26, 1846. His early days were spent on a farm. He graduated a Andalusia College, Philadelphia, and Racine College, Wisconsin. He taught school fo: two years in New Jersey, and subseqently was Adjunct Professor of Mathematics ii Racine College. He graduated in theology from Nashotali Theological Seminary, Wis consin ; was ordained Deacon in New Jersey, in May, 1869, and priested in I> troit Mich., in October, 1871. He was pastor of Trinity Church, Hudson, Mich., five yean and of Emanuel Church, Detroit, Mich., five years. During six years of his Michigai pastorate he was editor of the Michigau Diocesan paper. He became pastor of Christ’ Church, Dayton, Ohio, January 1, 1880, over which he has continued to preside. H was married, June 2, 1870, to a sister of Judge Barrett, of the Supreme Court c the State of New York, by whom he has had two children — a daughter aged ten, and son aged seven. He is a man of sterling qualities, fully appreciated by the congregatio to which he administers. Though comparatively a young man, his ability, manifeste by the evident deep thought and logical tenets of his sermons, would do credit to a muc- older and more experienced head. J. H. WILD, manufacturer, Dayton, of the firm of J. II. Wild & Co., proprieto Dayton Woolen Mills, was born in Delaware, July 9, 1845. His father, John B. Wit was engaged in operating a woolen mill in that State. When twelve years of age. M Wild accompanied his parents to Ohio, locating at Spring Valley, where they remainc nine years, and where the subject of this sketch was reared and educated. He learm the woolen trade with his father, and has been engaged at that business all his life. F a short time he was engaged with Charles Rabbitt, at Springfield, and operated a m: for seven years at Spring Valley. He came to Dayton, and purchased his present mil) of Ritter & Aiken, and from his life experience in the business, has been enabled build up a large and profitable trade. A sketch of this business will be found in ti chapter on manufacturing industries REV. DAVID WINTERS, D. D., minister of the Reformed Church, Daytc was born in Martinsburg, Berkeley County, Va., December 24, 1801, and is a sen Rev. Thomas Winters, a pioneer minister of illustrious fame. In 1809, he and fa mi emigrated to Ohio and located near the (then) village of Dayton. In 1815, they ) moved to Germantown, Montgomery County, where Thomas continued his minister labors in behalf of the Reformed Church. He was one of the first of his deuomio don in the West, and in fact the first and only one to spread the doctrines of tlr church abroad in the Miami Valley, out of whose labors evidently much good has suited. About the year 1819, there was a synodical meeting of the Reformed deno ination convened at Germantown, Ohio. At this meeting were present three rninist and two Elders. At the opening of this meeting, each of the former, who were respcj ively Rev. Thomas Winters, Rev. George Weisz and Rev. Riderof, these ea were elected to the respective offices, viz. : President, Secretary and Treasurer, tra acted their business and adjourned. From this small body has by careful nursing a the fostering care of those early pioneer ministers, grown to a body of over 590 mu t.ers west of the Alleghany Mountains, with charges for each to fill. We might spur boys and six girls, of whom two boys and two girls survive. One of his daughters larried Samuel Ambrose, of Dayton, and the other is the wife of James C. Hill, of anada. The Doctor is still in the prime of life and takes great delight in using the dents intrusted to him for the benefit of sick and suffering humanity. HIRAM WYATT, baker, Dayton, was born in Marietta, Washington Co., Ohio, ugust 11, 1810. In 1812, he was taken with his father’s family to Pennsylvania, here they moved from fear of the Indians. In 1816, they returned to Ohio and set- ad in Zanesville; from there they went to a farm on Meigs’ Creek, thence to Cam- 'idge, Ohio, thence back to Zanesville, and from there to Gallipolis, Ohio, then to resden, where they farmed for several years on land belonging to a brother of General d son of Maj. Cass, of 1812 fame. They next returned to Zanesville, where Hiram | s apprenticed to a tobacconist, while the family went to Cincinnati. After serving t three years of his apprenticeship, Hiram ran off on account of his master’s cruelty, d joined his folk in the Queen City, where he served three years and six months as 256 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : an apprentice in the baking business. In L830, having acquired his .trade, he com- menced working as a journeyman in Cincinnati and afterward in Marietta. From the latter place, he returned to Cincinnati to pay the expenses attending the burial of his father and mother, which left him penniless. On the 29th of April, 1834, he came to Dayton to work during the races, and, two months later, he and Walter Smith, Esq , bought the bakery of Tilden & Smith, of which Mr. Wyatt became sole proprietor one year thereafter. In 1859, he took his son-in-law into partnership under the firm name of H. & T. Wyatt, as it now exists. On January 22, 1835, he married Elizabeth Elder, daughter of Jonathan Elder, of Honey Creek, by whom he had a son and a daughter. His wife died April 22, 1838, and he was again married, February 21, 1839, to Mary C. Davis, daughter of John Davis, of Zanesville, and had by her four daughters and one son. The father of our subject was born in Providence, R. I., where he mar- ried a Miss Blake, and reared a family of six boys and six girls, of whom our subject was the youngest. The father died in 1833, and the mother one week after him. Of the family of twelve children our subject is the only one now living. He is in his seventy-second year, but is yet full of life and vigor. He possesses a strong constitu- tion and looks much younger than he really is; a man of affable, courteous manners, and of the strictest integrity and moral worth, he has won hosts of friends, who look upon him as a fitting representative of the business growth and prosperity of the Miami Valley. Politically a Republican, he was in an early day a member of the City Council and has ever taken a deep interest in the development of his adopted county. E. S. YOUNG, attorney, Dayton, was born in Lyme, N. H., February 28, 1827 He is the grandson of Dr. Hugh Murray Young, an early Irish emigrant to Connecticut who was born in 1742 and died in 1815. The father of our subject, George Murray Young, was born in Litchfield County, Conn., April 1, 1802, and died in Dayton, Ohio August 30, 1878. He was educated at Exeter and Poughkeepsie Acadamies. lit learned printing, and married, in 1826, Sibel Green, of Lyme, N. H.; she died in Day ton, Ohio, in 1865. In 1835, he located in Newark, Ohio, where for ten years hi) engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1840, he was Whig candidate for Senator iron Licking County, but was defeated in the face of a strong Democractic vote, by only forty-five majority. For six years succeeding 1845, he was in business in Cincinnati Ohio. In 1851, he moved to Dayton, and was Justice of the Peace and Mayor, am at the time of his death was United States Commissioner. He was Grand Worth Patriarch of the Sons of Temperance when that society numbered 30,000 in Ohio an one of the editors and publishers of the Ohio Organ and Messenger , the organ of th Sons of Temperance of Ohio and Kentucky, published in Cincinnati. His oldest son our subject, completed his Sophomore year at Granville College in 1845, and graduatei at Farmers’ College, near Cincinnati, in 1847. He read law with W. J. McKinney, c Dayton, and in 1853 graduated from the Cincinnati Law School. During a profe: sional practice of twenty-five years, he has been associated, first with George VS Brown, then A. Houk, and from 1866 to 1878, Oscar M. Gottschall. In June, 1871 Mr. Young’s eldest son, George R., became a partner. Mr. Young married in Septen ber, 1856, in Philadelphia, Sarah B. Dechert, daughter of Elijah P. Deehert. ar grand-daughter of Judge Robert Porter. He was a strong Union man and an earne supporter of Lincoln’s administration. He was Commissioner of the Draft in Mon gomery County, and made the largest draft of any in the State. He was also large! instrumental in the organization of all the companies that left Dayton for the war. MAXIMIN ZEHLER, Dayton. Brother Maximin Zehler was born in Bergheii Alsace, August 19, 1826. From the age of six to fourteen, he received instruction the parochial schools, and from fourteen to sixteen went to a private or select schoi He left his home December 27, 1842, to join the Brothers of the Society of Marl whose mother house for Alsace was Ebersminster, where he studied and prepar! himself for teaching and began his career as a teacher November 1, 1844. He pi sented himself for and obtained the teacher’s diploma for life, March 3, 1845, Colma, capital of the Department of the Upper Rhine. He taught at Aoamerschi' from 1844 to 1847, and at St. Marie and Mines from 1847 to 1849. In 1849, the Sock CITY OF DAYTON. 257 of Mary sent the first colony of Brothers (four) to the United States to take charge of some schools in Cincinnati, Ohio ; Brother Maximin Zehler was of the number. Arrange- ments were not quite ready to take charge of the intended school, so he assisted his fellow-brothers to teach. Meanwhile, Rev. A. Meyer bought the Dewberry farm near Dayton, which was formerly the property of Hon. Charles Anderson, who sold it to John Stuart. Brother Maximin Zehler arrived by stage (there was no railroad yet from Cincinnati to Dayton) March 10, 1850 ; two brothers had arrived two days before him. They lived together in a smail cottage built by Mr. Stuart for a tenant. Maxi- min Zehler was neither afraid nor ashamed to put his arms to the plow and to other works. The brothers being too poor to keep a hired man, they performed all the agricultural labor themselves, of course, sometimes in a very awkward manner. Col. Jefferson Paterson, their next neighbor, spent many an hour with them to show them how to perform the work on the farm, and his memory is still held in grateful remem- brance by the first inmates of the Dewberry place, now called Nazareth. Mr. Stewart having left the premises May 1, 1850, Brother Maximin Zehler opened the school in June, 1850, in the house built by Hon. Charles Anderson. He had a few pupils from Dayton, and some from Yan Buren Township. Everything was very imperfect, all was in harmony with the great poverty of the brothers. He taught school for six hours daily ; the rest of the time he was employed in working on the farm. During August, 1850, some candidates for the brotherhood arrived, who took charge of the farm work, and Brother Maximin Zehler could then devote more time to his school and to the study of the adopted mother tongue. In September, 1850, the boarding jschool opened. The first boarder was Joseph Grenlich, of Dayton ; he was afterward Ijoined by some more pupils from Dayton, viz., Lawrence Butz, Jr., C. Baumann, Joseph and Charles Murray, Salvator Schafer, etc., and some from Cincinnati and other towns of the vicinity. The number of boarders and day scholars increased, so that in 1852, at the end of the scholastic year, they numbered some seventy. In 1852, 'Mr. Maximin Zehler was sent by his superiors to Cincinnati to take charge of the St. Mary’s school on Thirteenth street, where he found about 140 pupils for two teachers. He remained there until 1860, when the number of his pupils approached 300, and he was recalled to Nazareth again to take charge of the boarding school, numbering some forty pupils. When he returned he found some buildings erected but not finished. The lower story of the south wing was not even excavated ; there was again room to practice patience and resignation. By and by the buildings were finished, accommoda- tions for more pupils was gained ; the number increased so that it became a necessity to build an addition of 40x80, three stories high, in 1865. Shortly after, a house 40x60 was erected as a dwelling house for the Brothers and candidates. In 1867 and 1868, :he church was erected, and, as soon as finished, was paid for, so that the most Rev. Arch- Bishop John B. Purcell could consecrate it on the 24th of June, 1868. The number of pupils had now reached 170 to 180, and many were refused admittance for want of pom, so that Brother Zehler, with the advice of his superiors, began the construction i>f the actual St. Mary’s Institute. The funds were very limited, but trusting in God s irovidence, the plans were made and approved. The work began in 1870, and was brought to such a completion that, in May, 1871, the pupils could occupy the upper ftory of the building as a dormitory. The course of studies opened September, 1871, n the new building of four stories and a mansard roof. The number of boarders was low 227, and about from eighty to ninety day scholars from Dayton. After Brother Zehler had liquidated the debt of the' construction of the institute, he conceived the wan of a playhouse or amusement hall, to provide a place for the pupils in bad weather or their recreation. The building is 180x60, with an entertainment hall of 40x110, md twelve small bath rooms provided with warm and cold water attached to the fast side. Mr. Zehler, after having seen the institute in a flourishing condition, the lecessary buildings erected and paid for, obtained from his first superior the favor he was asking for several years, viz., to lay down his charge of great responsibility, to withdraw Torn the directorship and to spend the remainder of his life in another line of useful- ness, for the society to which he belonged since 1842, having spent thirty-two years in Q 258 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : the education of children. He has charge of the temporal affairs and directs the manual labors at Nazareth. ABIA ZELLER, druggist, Dayton. Abia Zeller was born June 2, 1819, near Germantown, Montgomery County, Ohio. He is a son of Michael and Maria (Brauer i Zeller, and a grandson of Andrew Zeller. Andrew entered into the service of God about the year 1790. In 1805, he settled near Germantown, Montgomery County, Ohio, where he immediately began to build up the kingdom of Christ. He assisted in organizing the first conference in Ohio (of the United Brethren denomination) ; was a delegate to the first general conference in 1815, where he was elected bishop, which office he filled with entire acceptability for a period of six years. His good sense, deep piety and liberality contributed greatly to the prosperity of the cause of Christ, especially in the Miami Valley, where his influence will be perpetuated to the end of time. This venerable bishop and pioneer evangelist died on the 25th of May, 1839, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. Michael was born in Pennsylvania August 13, 1788, and Maria, his wife, was born in Virginia, October 3, 1794. They were married in Montgomery County. Ohio, in 1811. They each came with their parents to Ohio about the same year and settled near each other, where they became acquainted. In 1825, Michael opened a drug store in Germantown, which was the first drug store of that place, and among the first in the county. Michael continued in the drug trade until his death. He died in 1838, a highly respected Christian man. His good wife followed him the next year, 1839. But before their death they had instilled into the minds of their children (of whom there are five still living) such true Christian prin- ciples that have enabled them to be not only an honor to their parents but useful citi- zens in the communities in which they live. At the death of Michael, Abia, who had learned the drug business of his father, took charge of the store, and in 1860 moved to Dayton, where he still continues the same. Abia was married Sep- tember 15, 1839, to Caroline Negley, daughter of John C. and Mary (Shuey) Negley. They are the parents of five children — Martha E. (now Mrs. John H.| Reed), Laura V. (now Mrs. A. C. Marshall), Anna V., Carrie N. (now Mrs. Joseph! Udell) and Willie A. Mr. and Mrs. Zel'er have been consistent and worthy members of the United Brethren Church for forty-three years. Abia was one of the first pupils of the Sunday school in Germantown, and after he grew to manhood became its Super- intendent. He is one of the trustees of the First United Brethren Church of Dayton, Ohio, which position he has held for the past six years. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. JOHN ALLEN, farmer, P. 0. Centerville, son of Jeremiah and Rebecca Allen was born July 15, 1816, in Washington Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, on the farm on which he now resides and is the owner thereof. Received his education in the pioneer schoolhouse, furnished with pioneer furniture, viz. : Saplings, one side flattened ; pins driven in for feet ; puncheons put up in the same rude manner for the writing desk. Then in one end of the building was the large fire-place, into which large quantities of good wood could be placed, and when fairly ablaze would nuke t boy pull his shins back or crisp his buckskin breeches. Then the teacher attended tc setting copies for all that were learning to write, making and mending their pens the scholar did the ruling in his copy-book ; the branches most generally taught thei were reading, writing and arithmetic ; schools were then made up by subscription, anc| each patron boarded the teacher so much of the time during the school term. Mr. Allen says the wearing apparel in his boyhood days was almost endreiy 0 | home manufacture — linen, linsey, jeans and fulled cloth ; of these articles, the secom and last named have pretty much disappeared from use. Shirt buttons were mad from thread by the women of the house, and they were nearly the only ones in use Boys were limited to one pair of shoes per year, a good wool hat for winter, and sum WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 259 ner hats were of home manufacture, and were made from either rye or oat straw, platted and then sewed together. Going to mill was principally done on horseback. When a surplus of marketing was on hand it was loaded on a wagon and taken to Cincinnati and there sold or bartered for groceries or other articles the family needed. The first church privileges were at the Methodist log meeting-house, called Hope- veil, located on Sugar Creek. There the pioneers listened to the circuit riders, com- ) 0 sed of such men as Sparks, Hardy, Parsons, Dixon, Elliott, Goddard, Brook, Mc- Juire, Strain, Maly, Manly and Sullivan. Mr. Allen married. August 2, 1841, Miss lusan Lawson, of Adams County, Ohio. From this union there were ten children, only our of whom are now (July, 1881) living. Mr. Allen’s mother was a native of Penn- 'ylvania. His father was born in Culpeper County, Va., and moved from there to lason County, Ky. ; from there to the Miami Valley about 1803; purchased his irm for $2.50 per acre, second hand. On this farm are six acres which have been irined for eighty years, and will now make an average yield with any land in the pwnship. JOHN E. ALLEN, farmer, P. 0. Centerville, son of Lawson and Frances M. Allen, ■as born September 15, 1828, in Washington Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, chool privileges, some improvement on pioneer times. He never had any political spirations, and, raised a farmer, he has continued to make that his principal occupation > far in life. He is the occupant and owner of the farm upon which he was born, ,eing the one owned by his great-grandfather, John Edwards, who emigrated here ■om North Carolina in 1805. He purchased the above farm and, being a widower, jad two of his sons-in-law at one time living with him. While he was engaged in filing goods and trading in real estate, being a man of means, he had the reputation f being a very precise man in all his dealings. In religion, he was an Orthodox uaker. He died in the winter of 1828-29, upward of eighty years of age. His )ot-jack, brought from North Carolina, is still doing duty in John E. Allen’s family, ranees M. Silvers, daughter of Nathan and Mary Silvers and grand-daughter of John Idwards, was born August 1, 1808, and married December 2, 1825, to Lawson Alb a. fter their marriage they moved to the above-named farm, and Grandfather Edwards ient the remainder of his life with them. Lawson Allen then became the owner of e farm, partly by legacy and the remainder by purchase. Lawson Allen was the son ' Jeremiah and Rebecca Allen, born in Kentucky September 2, 1800, and emigrated ith his parents to this township in 1803. He was trained to farming and, after arriage, coming into possession of the above-named farm, which is considered one of e very best in the township, he made money and purchased the well-known farm of ldge Amos Irwin, where he moved, giving up his old farm to his son, John E., the esent occupant. Early in life, Lawson Allen and wife became members of the ethodist Episcopal Church, and both died members of the same. Their house was vays a welcome home to the circuit rider and visiting members attending the larterly and- protracted meetings. They were the parents of ten children, three only w living. Lawson Allen died July 16, 1859, aged fifty-eight years ten months and arteen days. Frances M. Allen died July 10, 1879, aged seventy years eleven months d nine days. After Lawson’s death, his widow lived with their children, dividing r time with them. She died at their daughter’s, Mrs. Mary Davis, in Greene County, no. John E. Allen was married November 6, 1850, to Miss Sarah Jane Whitset, io was born December 13, 1827. From this union seven children were born, five of 10 m are living. The parents are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, d their house is a welcome home to visiting members attending quaterly and pro- fited meetings. One year ago, Mr. Allen would have taken $100 per acre for his i'm. Now, since the construction of the Cincinnati Northern Railroad, Mr. Allen f made the following lease of five acres with the privilege of working forty for a m of five years. The lessee quarries the stone on above tracts and pays Mr. Allen • cents per perch for them in the ground. Each acre will yield not less than 6,800 "ch. The ground is also to be leveled down after quarrying, suitable for farming ; un. Not less than eighty acres of this farm is underlaid with lime and sand stone. 260 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : Arrangements for taking out 400 perch daily, if wanted, are made. The quarry is two-thirds of a mile from the railroad. Yards at the following places will be opened for the sale of the stone : Cincinnati, Lebanon, Xenia and Dayton. JOSEPH P. BENHAM, merchant, Centerville. Joseph P. Benham, son of John and Albina Benham was born in Washington Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, December 17, 1838. His father, born October 17, 1811. in Greene County, Ohio, came with his parents to Montgomery County, Ohio, when about two years old The larger part of his life was spent in Montgomery County. Died in Centerville April 28, 1862. Albina Benham, born October 17, 1815, in Pennsylvania, came with her parents to Greene County, Ohio, March, 1820 ; moved from Greene to Warreu County, Ohio, March, 1825 ; then from Warren to Montgomery County, Ohio, in March, 1827 Married, March 9, 1837, to John Benham, Jr.; from this union were six children, three sons and three daughters, five of whom are now residents of Montgomery County, Ohio. The eldest child, Augustus, resides in Wabash, Ind. ; is a merchant of that place. During the war of the rebellion, all three of the sons were in the army at one time, 1864. While they were in the tented field, the mother was at home in the agri- cultural field. That year, she raised five acres corn, one hundred bushels of Irish potatoes and nine bushels of sweet potatoes. Of the above farming, she hired out but one and one half days plowing in the crop ; the balance of the work she did with the hoe. Of the potato crop, a neighbor farmer said he had out a much larger patch and only raised ten bushels. Augustus was in the First Regiment Ohio Volunteers, Sec ond Brigade, Third Division, Fourth Army Corps ; was in the following battles : Shiloh or Pittsburg Landing, Chickamauga, Orchard Knob, Mission Ridge, Snake Creek Gap Buzzard Roost Gap, Resaca and Pumpkin Vine Creek; was wounded three times during the war, in consequense of which he missed some of the battles in which hit regiment was engaged ; he served his time of enlistment, and was mustered out of the service about August, 1864. Andrew was' in the Ninety-third Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, Second Brigade, Third Division, Fourth Army Corps. The regiment was com manded. by Col. Charles Anderson and Lieut. Col. Hiram Strong, who was a native o this township. The regiment left Dayton toward the latter part of August, 1862, ami marched direct to Kentucky, where Andrew was taken prisoner and paroled on thi second day of September, 1862. Was duly exchanged in January, 1863 ; returned to hi regiment, and went through the following battles: Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Tunne Hill, Rocky Face Ridge, Pine Mountain, Burnt Hickory, Chattahoochie River, Atlanta -Jonesboro, Columbia, Franklin and Nashville ; mustered out of the service Jun 15, 1865. Joseph’s principal occupation was farming up to the time he went into th army; was a member of the One Hundred and Thity-first Regiment National Guards served his entire time at Fort Federal Hill, Baltimore, Md. ; mustered out of service latte part of the summer of 1864 ; discharge papers signed by Edward Stanton, Secretary ( War, December 15, 1864. Again engaged in farming until the fall of 1870 ; then tal ing a Western trip, spending the winter of 1870 and 1871 with a traveling On< Dollar Store in Illinois ; also paid a visit to relatives in Missouri, and returned home i the spring of 1871. His mother was then Postmistress, as she is now, of Cjnterviil Joseph rented a suitable room up-town for the office, and added a small stock of groci ries ; made that his business, his actual capital being $32. Prosperity has attende him, and business increased until he is now the owner of the best business property ) town, with several smaller pieces of less value. Since the death of his father, he hi been looked upon as the head of the family, which at that time was mother and thrt sisters. Since then two sisters have married ; family now mother, one sister, niece at ihimself. JAMES BRADFORD, farmer, P. O. Centerville. James Bradford, son Robert and Elizabeth Bradford, was born April 5, 1838. Robert Bradford was boil in Ireland, in the County Down, August 22, 1788, and came to America in 181 stopping three months in Pennsylvania, thence to Cincinnati, Ohio, in April ol tl same year. His first work was tending to a bricklayer, carrying brick in a hod up the third story for $6 per month. His next job of work was tending a flouring mill WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 261 Cincinnati at $1 per day ; next he went to farming near Cummingsville on the shares, his being two-thirds of the crop. While farming here he was married to Elizabeth Myers, in 1813. From this union were ten children, of which three sons and six daughters are now living. He moved into Montgomery County, Washington Township, Ohio, in 1816, into a log cabin having a stick chimney, and lived in that until 1838, when he built a commodious brick residence, in which he and his wife lived until their deaths. Mrs. Bradford died July 14, 1844, and Mr. Bradford, December 11, 1877. They were both members of the United Presbyterian Church, he being an elder in the church about thirty-three years. Politically, he was a Democrat, and never missing an flection unless caused by sickness. James Bradford, the subject of this sketch, was jorn on the homestead of which he is the owner and occupant, three sisters living with lim, he being an unmarried man. This farm was bought in 1816 at $8 per acre. DANIEL CBOSLEY was born November 25, 1818, in Warren County, Ohio, and was married to Lydia Hatfield, November 21, 1839, is a farmer and mechanic by occu- pation. He has served in all the different township offices with only one or two excep- ions in the township of Washington, county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, laving represented his township as Justice of the Peace, and Clerk for several years :ach, and also has been one of the Trustees of the original surveyed township of school Section No. 16 for the last twenty years. In the fall of 1877, he was elected ta he Legislature of Ohio, serving two sessions in the Lower House of Representatives, nd has been a resident of said county for the last forty-five years, and by frugality, industry and economy has accumulated a sufficiency of property to make him live com- fortable the balance of his days. His father, William Crosley, was born in the State of laryland, his grandfather, Moses Crosley, being of Welsh nationality. His father, Villiam, with his family, emigrated to the State of Kentucky, Bracken County, in its arly settlement as a State, and was there married to Mary Kelsey, and, in 1810, emi- grated to Warren County, Ohio, locating on a tract of land partly in Warren and partly p Montgomery, being one of the early settlers of this portion of Ohio. He made gun- jowder in the old fashioned way, by sweep and mortar, and as powder was in great iemand in those days, hunters would come a long distance to buy the article. By his idustry and economy, in the course of time, accumulated a considerable amount of ealth. He was a farmer by occupation, and served his fellow-citizens in nearly all the ifferent offices of his township, and acted as Justice of the Peace for eighteen years in Recession. He removed from Warren County to Montgomery about the year 1834, ad soon thereafter was one of the Commissioners of the Dayton & Lebanon Turnpike, id after said pike was finished in 1840, was elected President and Treasurer of the pmpany, and served for twelve years in that capacity. In addition to what has already (een stated in the history of Daniel Crosley, we can say that when he was elected to ie Legislature in 1877 from Montgomery County, it was by an overwhelming ma- irity as a candidate on the Democratic ticket, many Republicans voting for him. He las appointed by the Speaker on one of the most important committees, the Committee i Retrenchment and Reform, thus showing that he was a man worthy of trust as a rvant of the people, he having introduced several bills which became the general laws the State relative to the improvements of the public highways, and for the better 'otection of the unprotected public burying-grounds of the State. He introduced a 11 to emancipate the toll pikes of Montgomery County, by a tax levied on the grand rplicate of the county for the payment of the same. He was an ardent and strong Ivocate of the school laws of Ohio, embodying the free education of the youth of the ate, both white and black, but separately, and was always found when a vole was to ! cast for the protection of the public works of the State, to favor the same against y clique or railroad corporation. He also favored the reduction of the salaries of unty officers, it being a plank in the Democratic platform, and the people, as a mass, 'ongly advocating the same. As the House journal records will clearly show that j* votes on bills were in the interests of the people, and the tax-payers of his county d State. He was also a soldier in the late war, being a member of the Ohio National tards — under the call of the President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. In 262 BIOQRAFHICAL SKETCHES: 1864, his company belonged to the One Hundred and Thirty-first Regiment of Ohio National Guards, commanded by Col. John G. Lowe, and was stationed at Port Federal Hill, Baltimore, Md. He occupied two important positions in his company, bein°- Orderly Sergeant and Company Clerk. Fie has acquitted himself honorably in all the different positions he has filled, both in military as well as in public life. His son, William J. Crosley, enlisted in the regular army in the winter of 1864, and was in some of those hard-fought battles in the Shenandoah Yalley in West Virginia, under Gen. Sheridan, and incurred a pulmonary disease of the lungs while in the service of his country, and was discharged from the service in consequence thereof the last of Septem- ber, 1864, and died of said disease in March, 1865, at home. WILLIAM II. DAVIS, farmer, P. 0. Centerville, son of Benjamin and Rhoda Davis, was born in Centerville, Montgomery County, Washington Township, Ohio, March 24, 1840, and has always resided therein. His father being a farmer, William was also trained to that profession, and has followed it so far through life; has had the advan- tage of pretty fair schools ; the result is that his neighbors have frequently conferred on him different township offices, and that of School Director. He was one of the Board of Trustees under whose directions the present township hall was built in Centerville iti| 1880. He was married, September 12, 1861, to Miss Martha M. Watkins. From this union there have been five children, all boys, four of whom are living. William, though not strictly a pioneer, but by his marriage he goes into a pioneer family, the Watkins coming here about the same time the Allens did, 1803. His father, Benja- min Davis, was born in Salem County, N. J., and when a mere boy was bound to a farmer, with whom he lived until he was twenty-one years of age, and then came to Warren County, Ohio, landing there with only $5.50. With $5.00 he bought material for clothing, and the 50 cents paid on the making. The first year he worked for Jacob Eulass, on the farm for $120. At the close of the year he found that he had lost only three days, and had saved $110 of his wages. He next went to work for Abner Kel- j sey, at customary wages, and continued with him until he married, and then rented the farm on which he now resides, paying one-half the proceeds of the farm, less his living, for five years. He then purchased it on ten years’ time, and at the expiration the farm was paid for. Since then he has purchased 3161 acres of first quality land, paying as high as $140 per acre for one tract containing 100 acres. This shows what a bound boy can make for himself by practicing industry and economy. He still makes a full hand on the farm. SUSANNAH HARRIS, farming, P. O. Centerville. William Watkins, a native oi Wales, came to America early in the last century. He was married about 1760, but at what place or the name of the lady is nob known. She was a native of Ireland and came to America about the same time her husband did. From this union were thirteen children, nine sons and four daughters. Joshua Watkins, one of above sons, was born in Kentucky, and married about 1801, to Miss Nancy Colvin, a resident of Kentucky, but a native of Virginia. From this union were two sons, Caleb and Henry, and seven daughters, Susannah, Rachael, Jane, Calinda, Nancy, Perraelia Ann and Lucinda Susannah, Calinda and Perraelia Ann are all that are now living. Joshua Watkins with his wife and two children (Jhe subject of this sketch one of them), emigrated from Kentucky to Washington Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, about the year 1806, moving into a log cabin situated on the land set off to him by his father, who had pre- viously entered about one section, dividing the same among his children that carni with him to Ohio, a portion of them remaining in Kentucky. Jonathan Watkins brother of Joshua, afterward became the owner of above tract. David settled on tie farm now owned by George Sears, and George ou the farm now owned by John Kirby The subject of this sketch, Susannah Watkins, was raised on a farm; received a limit ed education, or as good as was then given to pioneer children; joined the Methodis Episcopal Church in early life under the preaching of the Rev. Robert Burns, at th| old Hopewell log church, situated on Sugar Creek, and on the farm now owned b George Sears. At the age of about twenty years she was united in marriage to Abac Harris by Elder Joshua Carman. After paying the minister his marriage fees, the groom WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 263 worldly goods consisted in cash 25 cents, and one dog. The bride’s father presented to her as an outfit the choice one of seven good cows, four sheep, one sow and four shotes ; also, one good feather bed and bedding. They commenced housekeeping in a very small log cabin, scarcely large enough to have stabled four horses. Mrs. Harris says the cabin was on the farm of her father-in-law. Mrs. Harris here assisted her husband with his farming to the utmost of her physical strength, which was no small amount. She relates the following incident: One hay harvest assisting in hauling, she was as- signed the duty of loading, her husband doing the pitching up, and while doing so the team became frightened and made a fearful runaway with the wagon partly loaded, with Mrs. Harris on it, and no chance for escape, until the team made a short turn in the field and became entangled in the harness, when they were caught by her husband. When quieted down the loading was resumed and finished up without any further mishap. Remaining here a few years and accumulating some means, a purchase of 50 acres of land was made a few miles southwest of Centerville, upon which they resided a few years, then sold and made another purchase of a farm two miles north of Center- ville, remaining on this purchase less than one year, when a profitable sale was made, and immediately another purchase, containing 100 acres, now enlarged to 165 acres, upon which they have resided for the last forty-five years. Mrs. Harris continued her early habits of industry up to about eight years ago, when she received a paralytic stroke, disabling her from further household work. Her eyesight also impaired, she is deprived from reading as much as she would be pleased to do, hence her principal en- ijoyment now is in the reception of friends and in having free converse with them. From the extensive number of relatives she once claimed, she cannot count, outside of her immediate family, but three cousins now living. Since her affliction, she has not had the pleasure of attending church, but has many social calls from her ministers. No children from this union. OWEN HATFIELD, deceased. Owen Hatfield, son of Thomas and Sarah (Allen) Hatfield, was born in Washington Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, Sep- tember 12, 1807 ; received a liberal education ; was a farmer by occupation ; married July 31, 1834, to Miss Phebe Stephens (daughter of Richard and Betsey Stephens). From this union were five sons and five daughters. Two sons and one daughter are deceased. Mr. Hatfield joined the New-School Baptist Church in Centerville, May 7, 1848, and died a member of the same January 4, 1881. He was buried in the old cemetery, one-half mile north of Centerville ; funeral sermon was preached by Elder J oseph H. Wilson. His every-day life was in accord with his religious profession, in which, as in his political views, he was very candid. In his death his family lost a worthy coun- selor, the church a valued member, and the community at large an estimable citizen. His father was a native of Delaware and his mother of Virginia. Both in early life moved to Kentucky, where they were married and emigrated to this township in 1802. Mrs. Hatfield’s parents were natives of Redstone, Penn.; were married in Kentucky, ind emigrated to what is now Washington Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, about he year 1800. Mrs. Hatfield and husband were members of the same church. Among the living ones she has the oldest membership to-day. This sketch was con- tributed by his son, Richard Hatfield. The following is the funeral sermon of Owen Hatfield, by his pastor, J. H . Wilson, from the text — John, vi, 34 and 35, “ The Bread of Life The discourses from our Savior were always plain and practical. He often selected some of the most common things of every-day life with which to illustrate and enforce he most sublime truths. He came to this earth as the Savior of lost, perishing souls. He delighted to save sinners. To illustrate His mission and work on earth He compares fimself in one place to a hen gathering her brood under her wings. In another place ; o a road leading to heaven — “lam the way.” In another to a door — “lam the loor, by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved.” Again to a shepherd — I am he good shepherd ; the good shephered giveth his life for his sheep.” In our text ie compares himself to bread — “ I am the bread of life.” This is peculiarly fitting and orcible because of its universal use. Bread is the staff of life. It is used everywhere 264 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: and by all classes. Hence whenever a family sit down to their daily meal, whether in mansion or cottage there is before them this emblem of the Savior of the world. We have first in our text a confession on man’s part of the soul’s deep hunger, Lord, ever- more give us this bread.” Some one has said, “ This world of ours is a rude picture of heaven.” Whether that be true or not, these bodies of ours in which our spirits dwell, are coarse copies of the mind. To almost every experience of the body there is a cor- responding experience of the soul. As there is bodily weariness, so there is soul weari- ness. As there is bodily hunger, so there is soul hunger. One does not need to live in this world long to learn the meaning of soul hunger. Every true heart yearns for human love and sympathy. You may be surrounded with a multitude of strangers, and yet have a feeling of loneliness, a longing for some intimate friend with whom to converse and share your love and sympathy. Could the heart experiences of the human race be written before us, there would be revealed the fact that this unsatisfied hunger of the heart for human love and sympathy has fallen like a withering blight upon many a life, and has buried many a lovely flower in an early tomb. With growing intelli- gence and virtue there is a growing hunger of the soul. In civilized lands there is more real soul-suffering than in uncivilized lauds. Ruth leaves the hills of Moab and follows Naomi to Judea. The little child finds a companion in almost every one ; but as he grows in years the number with whom he associates freely grow gradually less.J When we reach a Moses, an Isaiah or an Elijah, they are almost alone. They caQ find but few who can sympathize with them deeply. When we reach the perfect man Christ Jesus, He stands alone. He finds companionship only with Glod. There is a hunger of the soul for something higher than human love and sympathy. You may) be surrounded with all that companionship can give you, and yet your soul remains un- satisfied. Human love, however, pure and ardent, fails to meet the deep long- ings of the soul. This will sometimes be the means of awakening a deeper desire for something higher and nobler and even divine. Could human love satisfy us the I object of that love may soon fall pale and pulseless into the tomb. We have second! in our text the fact that an abundance of soul food has been provided and that food is Jesus Christ. “ I am the bread of life ; he that cometh to me shall never hunger, and he that believeth on me shall never thirst.” Just as Jesus fed the five thousand in the deseri place, with five barley loaves and two fishes, and had twelve baskets of fragments remaining, so now He comes to every hungry care-worn soul saying, “ I am the bread of life.” Men have died of starvation, unable to procure that which would sustain physical life. But no soul need ever perish eternally for lack of immortal food. Nothing short of a personal living, loving Savior can satisfy or save the soul. The soul calls foi more than a mere philosophy, more than a liturgy, more than a historic Savior, h requires a pei'sonal friend upon whose loving bosom it can lean as did the beloved dis ciple of old. That personal, loving friend and Savior is found in Jesus Christ, “ Win is the same yesterday, to-day and forever.” He is the friend above all other friends “ That sticketh closer than a brother.” Let us be careful how we treat these hungn hearts of ours. Let us not neglect nor refuse them the food without which they wil forever die. How foolish to reject this soul-food because you cannot understand it. I is not necessary for you to make any analysis of food before eating it, when you sei hundreds whose bodies are sustained by the use of the same food. So it is not neces sary for you to understand Christ to perfection when you know he saves others wh trust him. Just as you feed your bodies daily with suitable food so you need Chris with you continually that your souls may be constantly satisfied with food. As th body grows weaker with age, and the appetite for material food becomes poorer, th spirit seems to grow stronger, and the desire for spiritual food is increased more an more until at last when the aged pilgrim nears the spirit land, the hunger for the thing of that land is so deep that death itself is not unwelcome, but seems only the messengej that opens the door of heaven. Thus did death come to this departed husband, fatheij brother and friend. During his lingering illness, he gave abundant evidence of feedm his soul upon Christ. No place did the pastor receive a more cordial welcome than at th house of the deceased. No one seemed to more highly appreciate a word about Jesus or s WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 265 prayer. He often expressed his joy and gratitude for the recent conversion of three of his grandchildren. His greatest desire seemed to be that all of his own dear children might receive Christ, the bread of life. In conclusion let me say to these mourning ones, weep not for this departed one. He is asleep in Jesus. See that your own souls are fed with this same immortal food. “ Labor not for the meat which perisheth, but for that meat which endureth unto everlasting life.” THOMAS HATFIELD, farmer, was born October 1, 1821, in a log cabin which stood near the site of his present home. His paternal grandfather, Thomas Hatfield, was a native of Delaware, of Welsh descent, served as a drummer boy in the Revolu- tionary war, and ever afterward was a stanch hater of the English flag and govern- ment, which he believed was symbolical of tyranny and oppression. His brothers, John and Samuel, were killed in that struggle for liberty, one at the battle of the Cow- pens and the other at Greenbrier C. H. Thomas married Sarah Allen, a native of Culpeper County, Va., but a resident of Kentucky at the time of her marriage. After the Revolutionary war closed with the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, Thomas traveled through Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina, Tennesee and into Kentucky, where he was married and lived until 1801, when he and family came to Montgomery County, Ohio, and entered the land now owned by his grandson, Thomas. By his union with Sarah Allen our subject’s grandfather became the father of nine children, of whom John, the father of Thomas, Jr., the second child, was born in Mason County, Ky., in November, 1793. When John was eighteen years of age, he was drafted to serve in the war of 1812, but having imbibed his father’s spirit of liberty and freedom he could not brook the idea of going into his country’s service as a drafted man, and therefore enlisted in Capt. Perry’s Rangers. His father, fired with that spirit of hatred against the same old foe he had helped to humiliate in 1776, enlisted in the same company and did excellent service as scout and guide, and being of a fearless nature was ever the first man to ford any stream that lay in their pathway. After serving one year, he and his son were honorably discharged at Vincennes, Ind. John was married about 1817 to Nancy Hatfield, a distant relative, who bore him six children, viz. : Ann L. (the wife of William Dodds), Lydia C. (the wife of Daniel Crosley), Thomas, Allen, Ambrose B. (deceased) and Maria (the wife of John C. Martin). John Hatfield was a stone-mason by trade, but after the war of 1812 turned his attention chiefly to farming. He died May 11, 1829, and his wife survived him until August, 1852. They were members of the Baptist Church and highly respected by all who knew them, he being a hard-working, generous and kind-hearted man, who was always careful to be right before acting. Our subject has never lived away from his birthplace, and was married August 15, 1845, to Mary Elizabeth Stansell, daughter of William and Sarah (Myover) Stansell, her parents having come from Kentucky to this county about the year 1801. Mrs. Hatfield was born in Washington Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, August 12, 1827, and has had the following children ; Louisa J. (deceased), Albert P. (deceased), Laura E. (deceased), Mason W. and Alice S. Mr. Hatfield and wife have been members of the Baptist Church since 1859, and he is looked upon as an honorable, upright and worthy citizen. THOMAS B. HOLMES, farmer, P. 0. Bellbrook, Greene Co.; was born in Greene County, Ohio, Dec. 27, 1827. His parents were John and Hannah (Bigger) Holmes, natives, the father of Newville, Cumberland County, Penn., born September 17, 1792, and the mother of the State of Kentucky, born November 12, 1797. Mr. Holmes came to Ohio with his parents prior to the war of 1812, and settled in Greene County. He was a soldier in that war and for service rendered therein drew a pension from the United States Government. His death occurred October 31, 1878, aud the mother’s August 23, 1869. They were married in Montgomery County on the 24th of Septem- ber; 1818, and soon thereafter purchased land in Section 14 of that county. Their children were Hugh, Mary, Martha, John, Rebecca, Hannah J., Thomas B. and Martha Ann. Our subject was reared on a farm, which occupation he has ever since followed. He now resides on the homestead and is in comfortable circumstances. He is a kind neighbor, good citizen, and has the esteem of his many acquaintances. 266 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : JOHN S. KINDLE, blacksmith, Centerville. John S. Kindle, son of Joseph and Margaret Kindle, was born in Centerville, Montgomery Co., Ohio, May 10, 1845. Commenced going to school at about the age of five years, and continued up to the age of twelve, receiving a pretty fair district school education. Then went to work in the shop with his father, occasionally assisting the neighboring farmers when they were in a pinch for labor, up to August, 1862, when he volunteered in the army, Ninety -third Regiment, Company B, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. The regiment was gotten up and commanded by Col. Charles Anderson and Lieut. Col. Hiram Strong ; first engagement was on the Kentucky River, between Lexington and Richmond, during Nelson’s retreat to Louisville. Was also at the battle of Stone River, and there taken prisoner by the Texan Rangers, but recaptured by the Fourth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. Then followed numerous skirmishes, in which he participated. Next in order came the battle of Chickamauga, in which he was severely wounded by a musket ball in the leg; the ball was extracted, and is now in his possession, being kept as a relic. He is crippled for life. Was placed in the hospital, staying there about four months ; then came home on furlough, and remained thirteen months ; then returned to the army, and remained there three or four months, when he was given a final discharge May 80, 1865. He married, February 8, 1877, Miss Elizabeth Simpson. From this uniou are three children, all boys, two of whom are now living. Has some political aspirations ; has been elected Township Clerk and Constable, and is now serving as Justice of the Peace. He was elected in 1876. When not officially employed, he works at his trade. His father was born in Burlington County, N. J., and came to Ohio in 1833. His mother was born in Half-Moon Valley, Center County, Penn. CORNELIA A. (MESLER) KELSEY, farmer, P. 0. Waynesville, Warren Co ; born in New Jersey Nov. 24, 1813, and came to Ohio in 1832. She married Mr. JohnS. Kelsey, November 2, 1837. From this union were seven children, six of whom are living. Names and birth of the children as follows: Hester E., born August 17, 1838; George Washington, born August 14, 1840 ; Wilhelmina, born February 19, 1842; Eliza Melissa, born December 14, 1843; John Albert, born January 10, 1846; Jonathan Meeker, born January 14, 1848 ; Charles Edward, born November 5, 1851; George Washington, died September 18. 1846; John S., died October 22, 1875. John S., son of Jessey and Hettie (Marsh) Kelsey, was born January 13, 1816. His mother j was a native of New Jersey, and his father of Pennsylvania. Emigrated to Kentucky, thence to Ohio, in an early day. He married at the early age of twenty-eight; his wife at twenty. Previous to his marriage, he followed school teaching in a log house on his own land. After that his principal occupation was farming, and a very .suc- cessful one, owning at one time in Washington Township 760 acres of land. He com- menced life here with about $100. He was the father of twelve children, nine sons and three daughters, three sons and one daughter now living (July, 1881). Mrs. Cornelia Kelsey, with two daughters and the assistance of the youngest son, continues to farm the homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Kelsey were both members of the Sugar Creek Old School Baptist Church. Mr. Kelsey united with the church January 26, 1858, Mrs. Keisey about one year afterward. The daughter, Eliza Melissa, is also a member of the same church. A request of Mr. John S. Kelsey on his death bed was that his widow purchase and give to each one of the children (except Charles), a family Bible as near like the present one as she can procure, and after her death Charles to have the present one. JAMES MILTON KELSEY, farmer. This well-known gentleman was born ir Washington Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, June 11, 1831, and is the son o! Jesse and Hettie (Marsh) Kelsey, early settlers of this county. His father was borr in 1783, and died in 1857. His mother was born in 1791 and died in 1845. James M. grew to manhood in his native township, receiving a limited education lrj the school of his neighborhood, and January 26, 1853, he was married to Mary Wilson daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Allen) Wilson, also a native of Washington, born Mai 19, 1833. Her paternal grandfather was a native of Pennsylvania, but her parent.' WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 267 were born in this county. William Kelsey has had five children, viz. : Sarah E. (the wife of Richard Hatfield), Flora J. (wife of George Mull), Mary E. (wife of David Eagle), Effie J. and Nannie. Mr. Kelsey was raised a Baptist but in 1858 he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he has been a Trustee some six years, and is one of the Stewards at the present time. Politically, he affiliates with the Republican party. He purchased and moved to his present beautiful home in 1858, where he owns 138 acres of finely improved land, and is recognized as one of the leading farmers, of this portions of Montgomery County. WILLIAM MARSH KELSEY, farmer, P. 0. Centerville. William Marsh Kelsey son of Jesse and Heotie (Marsh) Kelsey, was born January 5, 1814, in Washington Township, Montgomery County, Ohio. His father being a farmer the sou was also trained to it from early boyhood. His education was received in the pioneer log school- house, to which place he was guided through the dense forests by the blazed trees (a blazed tree is one from which the bark is chipped off of on opposite sides). David Watkins was the name of his first teacher. The branches then taught were reading, writing, arithmetic and geography. A scholar’s copy-book was made by sewing a few sheets of plain fools-cap paper together, and the copies set by the teachers. The scholar was expected to provide himself or herself with a lead pencil and ruler for lin- ing the copy-book, and manufacture his own ink. Gold and steel pens were not then in use, but the scholars provided themselves with goose-quills, out of which the teacher manufactured the pens. Mr. Kelsey received his last schooling the year he attained his majority. Being the eldest son it fell to his lot to assist his father in clearing up his land ready for farming. He remembers his first plowing was done with the wooden mold-board plow and followed up for a series of years. The wearing apparel in his boyish days was principally of home manufacture, flax-linen for summer and linsey for winter wear. At that time it frequently fell to his lot to assist in pulling and dressing the flax, shearing of the sheep, and in fact almost everything appertaining to a farmer’s life, which he has followed or has carried on to this time. ( He is now the owner of three farms in this township). Milling he did then on horseback, going as far as the Little Miami River. Frequently he would go with his father to Cincinnati market^, trading their produce for all kinds of groceries and other articles needed for family use. Wheat was then cut entirely with the sickle ; after a while came the grain cradle; which was looked upon as a great improvement over the sickle, being more expeditious ; next came the McCormick Reaper, when it was thought all the improvements had come for the cutting of grain, but since that Mr. Kelsey has seen many very decided improvements in the machines, and now sees I he self-binder. He also remembers when thrashed grain was cleaned with a sheet being operated by a man at each end and jerk- ing vigorously, created the wind which cleaned their grain, poured out by the third man from a measure or scoop shovel. The first horse-power thrashing machine was a sta- tionary one, operated by four horses, only doing the thrashing, the cleaning done after- ward with the wind-mill. His parents were both members of the regular Baptist Church, and attended at the pioneer log meeting-house; one-half mile north of Center- ville. There he has heard John Mason and other pioneer preachers. Phebe Carver, born January 30, 1832, married to William Marsh Kelsey, December 14, 1852. From this union were three children, the two eldest living — Mary Elizabeth, born September 29, 1853, married to Perry Hatfield, February 3, 1876; Annie Kelsey, born January 12,1857, married March 12, 1876, to B. F. Yaughn; Mabel Lucasta Kelsey, born February 6, 1863, died September 11, 1880. Mr. and Mrs. Kelsey are both members of the Regular Baptist Church , of Centerville. The following is a memorial sketch of Mrs. Phebe Kelsey, read at her funeral February 22, 1882 : Mrs. Phebe Kelsey was born January 30, 1832, and died of consumption January 31, 1882. at 6:15 A. M., aged fifty years. She was married to William M. Kelsey, December 14, 1852. To this union was given three daughters the youngest of whom (Mabel Lucasta) preceded the mother to the eternal world September 11, 1880. Mother Kelsey united with the Primitive Baptist Church, at Centerville, Ohio, about 1855. 268 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: She was baptized and received into said church by Elder Samuel Williams. Her last sickness was attended with much severe pain and prolonged suffering; but she was re- signed to the will of God, and her condition, and hence, bore her sufferings with Chris- tian fortitude. During the last few days of her sickness, she experienced the fact that she was being “ made perfect through suffering.” Yet while she was being thus tried in the furnace of the Lord, she did not cease to pray, but repeatedly asked the Lord to give her dying grace. When she first began to enter “ the valley of the shadow of death,” about nine days before she passed over the Jordan of death, she told the writer that it looked dark, that her pathway was not all light. But he directed her to some of the promises of God’s word, and told her to lean on Christ, and light would be given her for each step. The former proved to her a rod, and the latter a staff, for soon after the valley was lighted up, and she could sing with us, ‘‘ Oh, how happy are they,” etc.; and we knelt by her bedside, in the dark morning hour, and prayed with her. But for nine long days she continued to travel through the valley, in the midst of severe sufferings, yet supported by the strong arm of her Savior. She had a longing desire to depart and be at rest, and many times did she repeat the invitation of Jesus “ Come unto me all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.” Often was she heard to say “ Let me go ; let me go.” She has at last entered into that “rest that remaineth for the people of God.” Doubtless she will be missed by those who knew her best in the community in which she lived ; missed by the church to which she be- longed ; missed by her pastor ; missed by the large circle of friends and acquanitances, who had often shared of her hospitalities in her home, and received her charities ; but missed, most of all, by her husband, her remaining children and her aged mother, but we hope to all meet again bye and bye. Funeral services at the 0. S. Baptist Church, Centerville, Ohio. Sermon preached by the pastor, Elder John M. Thompson. Text, 2 Cor., v, 4. WILLIAM J. LAMME, miller and farmer, P. 0. Carrolton. William Lamme and family emigrated from Kentucky to the Miami Valley, Montgomery Co., and with- Ji in the original limits of Washington Township, Ohio, in the fall of 1802, with a family of wife and five children, settling on the land he had previously purchased, and erected his cabin. David, the eldest son, then aged about eighteen years, was put to clearing up the land, while his father, quite early, proceded to erect a grist-mill on Hole’s Creek ; the building was made of round logs and covered witli clapboards put on with wood pins, a square of this roof was in a pretty good state of preservation but a few years ago, also portions of the old water wheel. This was the first mill built in Washington ! Township ; here the pioneers had their grinding done for many years, and David, the boy, afterward the prominent man, was educated to the milling business. He was married August 7, 1804, to Miss Margaret Dodds, daughter of Gen. William Dodds. From this union there were ten children, two sons and eight daughters ; two only are now (August, 1881) living, viz., William J. and Katie Eliza Lamme. Mrs. Lamme was a native of Pennsylvania, and emigrated with her parents to Ohio about the time the Lammes did. Her bridal dress was an embroidered muslin, and the groom’s coat, calico. They commenced housekeeping in a cabin situated in the woods, where they remained for some years, when an exchange of property was made and they moved a little south where their days were ended. In 1842, he took down the old mill on the farm, to make room for a more commodious building to meet the requirements of the trade. The grinding was principally done for toll, and when a sufficient quantity bad accumulated, it was ground and wagoned to Cincinnati, until the Miami Canal was fic- ised from Cincinnati to Middletown ; from there it would go on the canal to Cincinnati. David Lamme was a Justice of the Peace many years, and in 1840 was elected a Rep- resentative to the Legislature from Montgomery County. He was also one of the County Commissioners, under whose directions the present court house in Dayton was erected. He was prosperous in his business and always kept things around him up to the times. David Lamme, better known throughout the country as Squire Lamme, was emphatically “ a gentleman of the old school, ” as the phrase goes. Born in Ken- WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 269 tucky, and a mere boy when his family came to Ohio, he seems to have had the charac- teristic Kentucky hospitality inborn, for there was not a private residence in southern Montgomery more celebrated for social and friendly gatherings of the very elite, so to speak, of the country than Squire Lamme’s. He was a large man, dignified, but very agreeable and genial in his manners. No one felt the least trepidation in his presence, he was equally benevolent, and the poor of the sections of country about the “ old mill” will never forget the many acts of charity done to their families by Squire Lamme and his estimable wife ; she was just suited to him, a fit companion. Long may the mem- ory of these grand old pioneers of Ohio, be kept green in the minds of the generations to come. What has been said of the parents applies also to the family ; of whom most were daughters, only two sons, one of whom died in youth ; the other, the Major and one sister, Miss Katy, are the only surviving members of the once populous family ; all the girls were possessed of more than ordinary personal attractions and were, besides very lively and intelligent, which, as a matter of course, attracted a large retinue of young gentlemen, but the tax on Squire Lamme’s resources, by the amount of company en- tertained by him at his residence never made him grumble nor find fault with his chil- dren ; he was above littleness in any form. David Lamme died August 22, 1855; his wife, Margaret died December 28, 1868. HORACE McEWEN, farmer, P. 0. Centerville. Horace McEwen, son of Rob- ert G. and Elizabeth McEwen, was born March 7, 1840, on a farm three quarters of a mile south of Centerville; has always lived on a farm and in his native township. His boyhood was all spent with his parents on the farm which was carried on exten- sively by his father. Horace was married March, 1871, to Miss Elizabeth E. Norris; from this union have been born two sons and one daughter. Mrs. McEwen was born in Centerville, Ohio, February 14, 1848. After marriage, they moved onto the McEwen homestead, and have continued to reside there ever since. Horace is now the owner of ninety-three acres of that farm as a legacy, with the exception of about $2,000. Received his education in the common district school. Robert G. McEwen, born in Williamsport, Penn., January 25, 1806; came with his parents to Centerville, Mont- gomery Co., Ohio, about the fall of 1817; he then had more of an education than the majority of boys at that time, yet he was kept in the neighborhood schools as long as it was thought he could be advanced any. About this time Noah and Ann Leeds, of Philadelphia, moved to Springboro, Warren Co., Ohio, and opened a select school. The principals being fine scholars, they prepared their pupils for college. Robert was one of their scholars, and, after attending the school awhile, was sent to Oxford Col- lege, where he finished up his education. Losing his father about this time, he went into the harness and saddle shop with his brother, William, who also died pretty soon. The family was then reduced to three in number, viz., the mother, one sister and Rob- ert. Notwithstanding he had received a liberal education, more than was then given boys, unless they were intended for some of the learned professions, he made choice of manual labor for his profession, or, as he used to call himself, a plow boy. He pretty soon started a team on the road, doing considerable amount of hauling; it proving more profitable than the shop, he closed it up, purchased another team and went driving it himself; he was prosperous. His first trade for real estate he turned two calves in as part payment. In his real estate transactions, was very successful; he used to say it was his intention to leave a farm to each of his children; at his death, he owned 440 acres of land. In his farming operations he kept things moving; his boys were not allowed to go fishing every Saturday. He delighted in dealing in stock, always had some on hand for sale or trade, and, if a bargain was offered, he was prepared to buy. He served some time as Township Clerk. In 1838, was elected County Assessor; filled that office one term. In 1859, was elected to the Legislature, served one term, and declined a re-nomination. In the Military Peace Establishment, he rose from the ranks to a Lieutenancy, then Captain, then Adjutant of the regiment, which office he held at the final break-up of militia training. In early life he took quite an interest in debat- ing societies, which were formed in almost every school district; this early habit lasted him through life. In manhood after doing a bard day’s work teamiug, he would ride any 270 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : reasonable distance to participate in a debate. Blessed with a good memory, he retained his reading. Was a Jacksonian Democrat and quite a politician. Married February 28, 1833, to Miss Elizabeth Morris. Died September 3, 1877. JAMES H. MUNGER, farmer, P. 0. Centerville. Jonathan Munger, with hb brother Edmund, and Benjamin Maltbie, with their families, left Middlebury, Vt., for the territory northwest of the Ohio River in 1797 ; came to Marietta, Ohio, and from there to Belpre; at Marietta they raised a crop of corn, 1799. In 1800, they reached what is now known as “Yankee street” in this township. Their nearest neighbors were then from two to seven miles distant. Jonathan Munger was a pensioned Revolu- tionary soldier; like all of that profession, he had personal incidents to relate. He has often been heard to say that the sweetest night’s sleep he ever had was on a pile, cf cannon balls with his feet in water up to his ankles ; at another time, he and half a dozen comrades called at a house for a night’s lodging; it proved to be the dwelling of a Tory ; the woman had just scrubbed the floor, but said it was good enough for them and they might thank God and her for it ; the soldiers said they thanked no one, but they were going to stay all night. Harvey Munger, son of above-named, Jonathan and Elizabeth Munger, was born in Addison County, Vt., October 2, 1790; came West with his parents and assisted in raising the crop of corn at Marietta as above referred to. Married, February 8, 1812, to Miss Catharine Gray; from this union were thirteen children, of which five are now living (July, 1881). In the war of 1812, he was a teamster, hauling flour to the army lying at St. Mary’s. In stature, he was five feet ten inches; small bone inclined to corpulency. Died July 22, 1859. His wife, Catharine Gray, was born May 10, 1791, and died in 1836. She was the daugh- ter of Daniel and Phebe Gray. In stature, she was below the medium size. Socially, it was said that wherever Katy Munger was there was good company. Her father was a pensioned Revolutionary soldier. James H. Munger, subject of this sketch, and son of Harvey and Catharine Munger, was born in Clear Creek Township, Warren County, Ohio, February 12, 1816; his school privileges were not extensive, as he says his last summer’s schooling was in the second story of a weaver's shop in 1825 ; after that, would get from two to three weeks’ duriug the winter season, depending upon the weather and work to be done. The first religious meetings he recollects of attending were held in Gen. Munger’s barn ; everything about the building was in perfect order corresponding with the occasion ; rakes and forks were all hung up out of the way. Raised a farmer, he has always adhered to it. With no political ambition, has lived at his present residence, on Section 28, since 1849. Married, March 15, 1840, to Miss Lydia A. Wright, who died July 9, 1865. Second marriage, January 1, 1870, to Mrs. Anna R. Chambers, whose maiden name was Linton. She was born in Clinton County, Ohio, in 1824, her parents, William and Hannah Linton, natives of Pennsylvania, settling in that county in 1814. Mr. Munger is one of the leading farmers of his township. JOSEPH NUTT, farmer, P. O. Centerville. The eldest of the two children ( Jo- seph and John) of Aaron and Martha Nutt, was born in Centerville, Ohio, December 11, 1818. Parents both natives of New Jersey ; his father was the son of Levi Nutt, and he the son of Adam Nutt, a native of Wales, who landed in New Jersey early in the last century. Aaron, on his mother’s side, was the grandson of Barzilla Ivens, a noted merchant of his day; he was also a noted man for the size of his family ; he was married three times and was the father of twenty-one children, who were all able at one and the same time to set at the table and help themselves to a square meal. Joseph’s mother was the daughter of Isaac and Hannah Pedriek, of Pedricktown, N. J.; she em- igrated with them to Waynesville, Warren Co., Ohio, in 18(16, remaining there a briet period ; her father purchased a farm near the present village of Clio, Greene Co., Ohio, and removed to it. The, family were all worthy members of the Society of Orthodox Friends. The subject of this sketch can’t quite claim to be anything more than the sou of pioneers (for date of father’s arrival see brother’s biography) ; never had any land to clear or brush to pick ; never assisted in buildiug the pioneer cabin with its cat and clay chimney, clapboard-roof held on with weight poles, or in laying down the solid puncheon WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 271 floor ; or in erecting the sweep at the well for the “ old oaken bucket; ” but have worn buckskin pantaloons, leather-crown hat and thread shirt-buttons. His father was a tai- lor by trade, and was an experienced hand in manufacturing buckskin into wearing ap- parel. The last pair of buckskin pants he made was in the summer he was eighty-one years of age. Mr. N. V. Maxwell, one of our present worthy citizens, was then carry- ing on tailoring, and took in the job conditionally, viz., if he could get ‘‘Uncle Aaron” Nutt (by which familiar title he was well known) to make them he would do so, as for himself he frankly admitted he could not make them ; they were made and all parties satisfied with the job. Mr. Maxwell, to this day, takes delight in referring to that job, and saying “ Uncle Aaron ” was the oldest journeyman he ever employed. He was also a good hand with a sickle in a harvest field ; the summer he was eighty years old, he lead the reapers once through in his son Aaron’s wheat field. He was also an excellent auctioneer, if not the first, he certainly was among the first ; had quite a patronage in Montgomery, Warren and Greene Counties. Before the subject of this sketch was large enough to put a collar on the horse, he commenced driving the cart and doing small jobs about town and working on the small farm. When in his twelfth year, he hauled in the cart all the stone making a complete pavement from the schoolhouse, one-fourth mile north of town, to the Baptist Church on the west side of town. His father and Joseph Beck laid the walk, which did good service many years. For its protection, the Town Council made it a finable offence to ride or drive on it. So carefully was it guarded that the school teacher has been known to leave his school on seeing a traveler on the walk, and hurry up to town and have a warrant in the hands of the Marshal by the time the ; offending party would reach the village. The 28th of April, 1834, he went as an ap- 'perntice to the chair-making; served three years faithfully ; made the trade his principal business up to the spring of 1844; then went to New Burlington, Clinton Co., Ohio, and sold goods for Israel Harris, Jr., and Samuel Lemar, nearly six years. In January, 1850, went into the employ of John Grant, Esq., the principal merchant then in New Burlington ; remained with him until April, 1857. Mr. Nutt was married, January 29, 1856, to Miss E. A. Weaver, of New Burlington. May, 1857, moved to Chicago ; re- mained there until August, 1858, returning to New Burlington, and remained there un- til the spring of 1861 ; then removed to Centerville on the old homestead, where he now lives, becoming the owner thereof by half purchase and half legacy, and one of the few men in the township owning the land originally purchased by the father from John C. Symmes, but the deed was made by James Madison, President of the United States. There are other tracts in the township deeded by the President to the heads of some of the families now living thereon, but they are mostly second-hand purchases. When Aaron Nutt with other men were in consultation with Judge Symmes, or- ganizing a pioneer company, one of them said to the Judge, “ You will not take that maD, will you ? ” pointing to Aaron Nutt. “ Why not? ” said the Judge. “ Why,” said the man, “ he is a Quaker, and will not fight the Indians.” “Just the man I want,” said the Judge ; “ I want, a peaceable colony.” Aaron Nutt was never a mem- ber of any religious society, but his religious sentiments were in full accord with the Or- hodox Friends, wore the garb and used the plain language of that society. The follow- ng incident shows the respect the Indians have for the name of William Penn. Some- ime after Aaron Nutt had settled here and Dayton something of a place, he was going ip there one morning, when he met a company of Indians. After passing them, he bund a sack of roots and herbs in the road and readily concluded it belonged to the mdians just passed. So he would carry the sack into town and leave it at the store of 3. G. Philips, who told him he knew the Indians, they had been in the store that morn- ng, and on their next visit he would hand over the sack, and did so, saying to the In- ilian that — “ It was a William Penn man that had found it.” “ Ugh,” said the Indian, he good man ; he good man.” The subject of this sketch is now the oldest native born ltizen on the town plat ; never loaded a gun, pistol or firearm of any description, have mlled the trigger a few times making one shot that would be creditable to any sports- man. Mr. Nutt is the father of five children, as follows : Anna, Laura, Samuel Veaver, William Pedrick, Clarence Emory Nutt, of whom' only two are living, viz., iarauel W. and Clarence E. 272 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : JOHN NUTT, M. D., Chicago, 111. John Nutt was the younger of two sons, Joseph and John, and only children of Aaron and Martha (Craig, formerly Pedrick) Nutt, and was born on the old homstead in Centerville, Montgomery Co., Ohio, March 3, 1823. His parents were natives of New Jersey, and were respectively widower and widow; at the time of their marriage, January 11, 1818, by James Russell, Esq., of Centerville. Aaron Nutt was left fatherless at an early age. His mother marrying again, the boy, Aaron, was apprenticed to John Lippencott, a tailor of 1776, for a term of seven years, serving his employer nearly that time on the tailor-board. At about this period, the armies of the Revolution, under the command of Gen. Wash- ington, were very active in the State of New Jersey, and as these were indeed trying times for our country, and soldiers were much needed, both old and young were earnestly solicited to join the American forces. It was at this juncture that Lipoin- cot.t was drafted into the military service, and Aaron Nutt’s apprenticeship about to expire, that Lippencott made this proposition to him, that if he would enter the array and serve his, Lippencott’s time out, he would in turn set him free. The proposition was accepted, and Nutt joined a military company commanded by his cousin, Capt. Israel Shreve. The evening before the battle of Monmouth, the company had a little skir- mish with a company of English light horse, and came off victorious. Nutt was quite near the English Captain, and saw the American soldier shoot him in the breast. He fell from his horse aud jumped a fence and fell dead by the side of it. Nutt, in look- ing at him after death, pronounced him the handsomest man he ever saw. Next day the main battle was fought, the day, an excessively hot one, the Americans threw off their coats and knapsacks, as they marched into the field, forty-eight abreast. After the battle, twelve wagons loaded with bread and drawn by oxen were brought on the ground for the Americans. After this, Nutt’s military service was in riding as a scout and driving team ; of the latter, he did a large amount. He never asked for or received any pension, but assisted many others in procuring theirs. On Tuesday, the 4th day of May, 1779, he was married to Mary Archer, daughter of Joseph and Sarah Archer, of New Jersey. From this union there were nine children, of whom none are now ’living. Three died in early life, the remaining six lived to be heads of families. The father used to take great pleasure in standiug on his owa premises and look at the smoke ! curling out of the chimneys of five of his children — the sixth one lived some four, miles distant. In 1786, he removed with his family from New Jersey to Pennsylvania,! where he remained only a few years, and then moved to Kentucky, living at different points, among which the following places are rememberd : On the Dry Ridge he lived a long time, keeping a tavern there; did the same in the town of Versailles ; from Ken- tucky he removed to what is now Centerville, Montgomery Co., Ohio, in the spring of 1798, having previously been there with the surveyors in February, 1796, and selected his land. Here he settled in a wilderness of woods, and where in his new abode he remained with only a slight change of habitation during the balance of his life. Sur- rounded with a large circle of truly worthy friends and relatives who were always interested in his presence, as he so often gladdened the hours with earnest recitals of events of which he had not infrequently been an active participant. He was a man of eminently correct habits of life, possessing a very superior con stitution, temperate, industrious and of a cheerful disposition, even marked to the end and when warned of approaching dissolution seemed ready and willing to meet tin change. The disease of which he died was, though notof frequent occurrence, inciden to old age, and in this case, as was pronounced by his skillful and ever attentive physi cian. Dr. A. B. Price, one of the most extraordinary cases of the kind ever known ti the profession. The pain, which was very severe, was first manifested in the left eye which after awhile completely destroyed that organ. The pain then passed to the hee and great toe of the right foot, then successively until all the toes were in a like manne involved, then the foot mortified, was drawn up and dried until all seemed as hard an* lifeless as stone, and blackened with the deadly progress of the disease, which continue' for a period of many months, at the closing of which time a distinct point or line of de, markation appeared within four inches of the knee. Death of the foot and leg below harin; WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 273 already occurred and here separation of not only the living from the dead flesh, but also the larger bone was already manifest, so that earnest hopes were strongly entertained that an arrest was probable, and that an improved condition might be looked for ; but at the close of about the ninth month the powers of the constitution could stand the pres- sure no longer, and gradually yielding, death kindly terminated this protracted struggle June 2, 1842, and thus passed the life of a man aged eighty-three years ten months and sixteen days, who had never known what real sickness was, and even used his tobacco up to within a few days of the last. His remains are buried in the old cemetery one-half mile north of Centerville, between the graves of his two wives. “ Peace to their remains.” John, after the death of his father, remained at home with his bereaved mother, working the little farm and attending and teaching school, and so continued until the last of August, 1845, when, on solicitation of Hr. John Evans, then of Indianapolis, Ind., he accepted a kiud invitation to study medicine with him. So, bidding adieu to his old home and all of its surroundings, he embarked on board the Yoress line of stage coaches for what then seemed to be the far-distant West. Here he commenced his medical studies, spending the winters, however, at Chicago, attending Rush Medi- cal College, from which institution he graduated in the spring of 1848. Returning to Indianapolis, he made application to the commissioners of the hospital for the insane for the place of assistant physician, and being successful in due time received the desired appointment, and early thereafter entered upon the duties of the office in this then new State institution, and soon had the satisfaction of assisting in the reception of the first patients ever admitted to treatment in that place. In October, 1851, he severed his con- nection with the hospital and, marrying Annie, the youngest daughter of David and Rachael Evans, of Waynesville, Ohio, moved within a few days thereafter to the city of Chicago, 111., where, with a devoted wife and four comely boys, he now remains comfortably living in Glencoe, one of the city’s most beautiful suburbs, overlooking both far and wide the cooling waters of Lake Michigan. ABRAHAM PRUGH, carpenter, was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, August 30, 1830, of parents, Abner and Martha (Easey) Prugh, natives of Frederick County, Md., the former born in the year 1790 and the latter in 1791. Father Prugh is of German descent, his mother having been born in Germany. He was one of the early settlers in Montgomery County, to which he, as a single man, emigrated, settling in the vicinity of Beavertown, in the year 1812, driving thither a team for Laurence Shell, a brother-in-law. During the war of 1812, Mr. Prugh was at Urbana, and there saw Gen. Hull and army ; he remained but a short time and then returned to Mary- land, and again, in 1817, came back to Ohio and purchased land in the vicinity of Winchester, which he disposed of in about one year, when he removed to the vicinity of Beavertown, on a tract of eighty-four acres, which he bought and upon which he lived until ten years ago, at which time he lost his companion, her death occurring January 27, 1872, and since which he has made his home with our subject, who is the sixth of a family of eleven children. Until eighteen years of age, our subject lived on the homestead, then learned the carpenter’s trade, which vocation he ha3 in main fol- lowed ever since, his farm being carried on by his sons. On the 6th of April, 1854, Mr. Prugh was united in marriage with Mary, daughter of John G. and Jacobena (Fullmer) Sebold, natives of Germany. The parents were married in the State of New York, and in 1820 emigrated to Lebanon, Warren County, Ohio. The father died in 1865, and the mother is now residing near Dayton. Mary, the wife of our iSubject, was borne in Harrison Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, September 17, 1836, and has borne Mr. Prugh the following named children : John A., William H., James E., Martha, Abram, Anna M., Sarah G., Charles (died March 9, 1876), Ira and Herbert. Our subject belongs to a family who have done much toward clearing away the wilderness of the early day and making possible the high state of cultivation now attained. His father still lives to rehearse to his children and children’s children pe happenings of nearly a century ago, and though close on to the goal of ninety- two years, is almost in the full possession of his mental faculties. B 274 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: B ROOKY B. RUSSELL, Centerville. James Russell, born August 27, 1769 in the Shenandoah Valley, Va. Nancy McKee, born November 22, 1771, and mar ried to James Russell, 1791. From this union were ten children, born as follows Elizabeth, February 9, 1792; Robert, May 28, 1794; Wdliam, December 26, 1795 John, October 6, 1797 ; Abraham, June 24, 1799 ; James, December 6, 1800 ; Mary M., December 28, 1802; Brooky B., February 22, 1804; Ann, July 15, 1807 Mariam, June 27, 1810. Of the above children three only are now (July, 1881 living. Mr. Russell’s early boyhood and manhood were spent principally in boat-build- ing on the Allegheny River, Penn. When about seventeen years old he moved with his parents to Mercer County, Penn., where he continued boat-building, one of which he and a brother loaded with produce and made a trip to New Orleans. Returning home, he concluded after awhile he would like to see the Northwest. Accordingly he started on the perilous trip in 1798. The Indians being troublesome, he procured the assistance of a guide, who traveled about 200 miles with him from the Pee Dee River. Finally reaching his destination in safety, he made his selection and purchase of land. He found a boarding-place with Dr. Hole, a pioneer, living about two miles distant. He immediately went to work and erected his round-log cabin, with a cat and clay chimney and puncheon floor. The pioneers that could be found within a reasonable distance by request assembled at a given time and assisted him in the erection of hie cabin. During the day, one of the pioneers asked Mr. Russell where he was from He replied by saying he was from Cork, the North of Ireland, sir. The pioneei 1 turned around and said to another : I wish to God he had stayed there, for they are th< meanest people on earth. For some time after that Mr. Russell went by the name oi Cork. Cabin finished, he returned to his family after an absence of ten weeks, built ; boat in which he and his family came down the river to Cincinnati, in the spring o 1799. and moved immediately into the neighborhood of Redding and raised that season as much of a crop as he could; then in the following February or March started fo: his future home in Washington Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, reaching it otj the 12th day of March, 1800. Mrs. Russell has been heard to say that the sweetes i night’s sleep she ever had was the first one spent in that rude cabin. Family then con sisted of parents and five children. Now settled, the next thing in order was the clear-; ing of a farm, which to one not having will or nerve would be a serious undertaking but Mr. Russell possessed both, and in due course of time a farm was to be seen in stead of the dense forest. To supply the table (made of puncheons) with meats wa an easy matter ; it was wild but in abundance and very easily secured. When Mr Russell wished to take a day for a hunt he would put on a scarlet cloak with a hood ti it, of his wife’s, and thus equipped would start out and would return, if he wanted s many, with one dozen deer in a day. Bread was for a long time made exclusive! { of corn ; grinding done at Mr. Ripley’s mill, one mile south of Ridgeville, Warrei County, Ohio. For the wearing apparel, of home manufacture; dressed deer skins wei used extensively. Boots and shoes were made of untanned hides. When Mr. Russelji went to the land office to make his payment, it was ascertained he had a surplus of set eral acres. He was then at a loss to know what to do. When Gen. Findley, the Re ceiver, said to him, my dear fellow, you take all the land you can get up there or will. Mr. Russell took the advice, went out and borrowed from a friend enough to con plete the payment. Mr. Russell served one term in the Legislature, the session c 1828 and 1829. Was County Commissioner some years. It is said that at one sej tlement with the County Treasurer there was such a quantity of silver that in order t expedite their work, the Commissioners weighed the cash instead of counting it. H served as Justice of the Peace from 1810 to 1834, being a period of twenty-four year which is conclusive evidence he was a man standing high in the estimation of his fellow citizens. Beloved by his family and highly respected by acquaintances, he died Marc 12, 1845, having lived just forty-five years in the township. His wife, Nancy Russelj died November 19, 1849. j ISAAC STANSELL, farmer, P. O. Centerville. Isaac Stansell, son of Henry an Elizabeth, was born December 27, 1810, in Washington Township, Montgomery Count" WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 275 Ohio, where has always resided ; received his education in his boyhood in the pioneer log schoolhouse ; schools then taught by subscription ; teacher boarding with his patrons ; branches most commonly taught were reading, writing and arithmetic ; wear- ing apparel manufactured at home, very plain, as the material was not very fine ; home- made flax linen for shirts and pants ; thread shire-buttons almost exclusively. For win- ter wear, linsey and fulled clpth the linsey was of many colors. Instead of coats, a gar- ment called a wampus was worn, that was most generally made out of red flannel ; women wore same materials, but sometimes striped or barred. A boy generally re- ceived one pair shoes yearly ; living was just as plain as the wearing apparel. At the breakfast table was generally coffee made from corn, wheat, rye and flour; it was called flour chocolate ; tea from spice, sassafras or sage ; wheat bread occasionally; corn bread was the standand, that made different ways ; there was the dodger, the johnny-cake, and for extra a pone would be made, one that would last a family many days ; wild meats abundant, and obtained with little labor; going to mill is generally done on horseback. The first mill Mr. Stansell patronized was one on Sugar Creek, near the county line. Sugar was made every spring in large quantities, and used freely ; wood was no object. Mr. Stansell’s parents emigrated from Kentucky ; his father came here in 1801, built his cabin, returned to Kentucky, and moved his family out on horseback to their future home in 1802, right in the woods; neighbors two to three miles distant. Both parents were members of the Baptist Church, and regular attendants at the log meeting-house, half-mile north of Centerville, being the first one built in the township. John Mason was among the first of the preachers at this house. A minister’s pay then was just what the members felt like giving freely. Henry Stansell and wife died in 1833. The way of attending church at this time was on foot or horseback, the rider taking two or three children on with him. Mr. Stansell being raised on a farm, he has work at every- thing to be done there, even to plowing with the wood mold-board plow drawn by oxen. Mr. Stansell was married February 4, 1834, to Miss Eleanor Shehan. From this union were eleven children, nine of whom are living. Mrs. Stansell died February 22, 1866. The father of the subject of this .sketch was born October 1, 1765 ; married to Eliza- beth Allen April, 1793. From this union were eleven children, four of whom are now iving (July, 1881). Henry Stansell, at the age of thirteen, was captured by the Indians n the State of New York, with whom he remained five years, undergoing all the hardships of a captive’s life. So far as a separation from home and friends are eon- lerned, a portion of the time the Indians tried to make his life agreeable, but was an ndian’s life after all. His release was brought about in this way. The Indian who iaimedhim as his property, while they were encamped in the neighborhood of a British ?ort on Lake Ontario, when drunk, sold him for a trifle to a British officer, received lis pay and departed, but soon as he became sober, returned to the fort, and demanded he return of Henry, but the officers secreted him, and told the Indian that Henry was ;one. Young Stansell was soon exchanged and sent home to his parents. He was so hanged in appearance that (although dressed in civilized clothing), none of the family except his mother) knew him, having given him up as dead ; the mother, so long bereft f him, instantly recognized him by a scar on his face. A few years after peace was eclared, Henry Stansell married and removed to Kentucky, and then to Ohio as above ated. LEWIS TAYLOR, farmer, P. 0. Centerville, son of John and Rosanna ( Alexan- er) Taylor, was born June 5, 1813, in Washington Township, Montgomery County, flfio. With the exception of a few years, has resided in his native township. In boy- ood, attended school in the log cabin where greased paper was used instead of glass for indows. The branches taught were reading, writing and arithmetic. Teachers were ten paid by subscription and board, dividing their time with the patrons. Books >ed were the spelling book and Bible. For copy books the scholar had, what would )w be considered, a very poor article of unruled foolscap, and the scholars provided lemselves with a lead pencil and rule to do the lining required in the copy book. The acher set all the copies, made and repaired the pens from goose quills, as steel and 'Id pens were not in use. Ink was manufactured at home, from maple bark and cop- 276 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: peras. Lewis’ occupation is that of a farmer, and is now one of the few men in this township owning and occupying the land purchased by their fathers from the United States. The above tract was deeded by James Madison, President of the United States, to John Taylor, December 15, 1810. Lewis has never had any political aspirations, and never was on a jury. The amusements in his early days were corn huskings, log-roll- ings, and raising the log cabin for the new settler, which would be accomplished in one day, ready for the family accupancy at night. Huskings and rollings always ended with a dauce at night. Lewis claims that the frame house he now occupies was about the first, if not the first one built in the township in 1808. It is a two-story ; in the second story religious meetings used to be held by the Presbyterian, Baptist and Christian Churches. His parents were both natives of Mifflin County, Penn., and were married February 19, 1801. From this union were eight sons and one daughter, of whom four sons only are now living. The parents, with three children, eame to Montgomery County, Ohio, in September, 1806, and purchased above-named tract of land soon after their arrival, on which was a double log cabin, with a puncheon floor, and about one acre of land, about half cleared ; balance, heavily timbered. Some years afterward, Mr. Taylor made another purchase of 410 acres of land, on the Miami Great Bend, and laid out the town of Alexandersville, the name being suggested by Mrs. Taylor, as a compliment to their eldest son, Alexander. Dr. David Bailey did the surveying and platting of the town. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor donated one of the lots to the Christian; Church ; Mr. Taylor was one of the largest stockholders in the Woodbourn Cotton Factory, in which speculation he lost not less than $20,000, which, at that time, was al heavy loss. Mr. Taylor was drafted in the war of 1812 ; marched to Greenville under! Capt. Richard Sunderland ; his stay, however, was short ; sickness called him home | He soon procured a substitute, Samuel Mattocks, paying him $60 cash and an outfit, Mr. Taylor died November 29, 1843, aged sixty-five years nine months and eleven days Mrs. Taylor died August 17, 1878, aged ninety-four years four months and two days JOSEPH THOMAS, farmer, son of Edward P. and Abigal (Benham) Thomas was born in Washington Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, August 19, 1834, and baft followed farming as his life occupation. He was married, January 1, 1861, to Char lotte Ramsey, daughter of Bloomfield and Matilda A. (Reeder) Ramsey, who was ak born in this township April 23, 1844. They have had the following children; -Josepl B , Edward P. (deceased), Mary E., Olive A., Melissa L., William IT. L., Eve M. an< Charles P. Our subject was but four years old when his father died, and at twelv< years of age, began working out by the month to help his mother support th family. In 1855, he and his brother Benjamin rented a farm, and by hard constant toil, and steady, economical habits, saved sufficient to purchase 100 acre of land, upon which Benjamin now lives. In 1865, Joseph sold his interest i the above farm to his brother, and purchased his present homestead of 131 acres, which is the legitimate result of his earnest efforts to succeed in life. Mr. Thoma is regarded as one of the progressive farmers of his native township, and his motto ha even been to be just and honest with all men. JOHN WELLER, farmer, P. O. Centerville, son of John and Elizabeth Weller, w; born April 15, 1818, in Washington Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, and, with th exception of eleven years, has always resided there. Of the eleven years, seven wei spent in Warren County, Ohio, and four in Miami County, Ohio. By occupation, is firmer ; was raised one. Married, September 29, 1841, to Miss Mary Ann Anderso; From this union were ten children, seven of whom are living. Mr. Weller’s schoolit acquired, as all farmer boys did at that time, work on the farm during farming seasojj and attend school in the winter, and yet, frequently, not all that time was allowed - heir if there was any grain to thrash, which the boys had to attend to by tramping it off < the bare floor with several horses. Their wearing apparel was altogether of bome-ma material, flax tow for pants, flax linen for shirts, and bettermost pants ; thre; ; shirt-buttons in general use ; for winter wear, home-made cloth and jeans. R flannel wamusses were very fashionable. Boys were always delighted wh presented with a new one. Limited to one pair shoes a year, and when men WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 277 ing was required, it frequently fell to the boy’s lot to repair his own shoes. Among the vivid scenes and well recollected ones of Mr. Weller’s boyhood, are, that when his father could put seven sons with their plows in the field at one time, and once in the spring of 1842, eight or nine were at work in the same field ; then, he says, what a sight at turning-out times, noon and night, to them file out of the field into a long lane, and march for dinner. The father’s rule was that the horses must be fed first. His orders to the boys were to always be careful and take good care of them. Mr. Weller remembers selling produce at the following prices : Wheat, at 50 cents per bushel; oats, at 15 cents per bushel; corn, at the same. Has hauled flour for his father to Cincinnati, and sold it for $2.50 per barrel ; it would require four days to make the trip. Has sold pork at $2.50 per 100, net ; then the other extreme has sold pork for $13 per 100, net. Mr. Weller was a renter for nine years, but is now the owner of 248 acres of fine land, about 220 of which is under a good state of cultivation. His first plowing was done with the wooden mold-board plow. Now he uses all the modern farming utensils. Mrs. Weller is the daughter of Ephraim and Sarah Ander- son ; was born in Washington Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, September 18, 1821. There were eleven brothers and sisters, nine of whom are now living. Mrs. Weller has spent all her life on a farm, and in her early marriage life thought nothing hard of it to carry butter and eggs two and a half miles to market of a morning, returning in time for her children to go to school ; has been quite a spinner of flax and wool in her young days, out of which material the wearing apparel was manufactured for the family. WILLIAM WELLER, farmer, P. O. Centerville. William Weller, son of John ;and Elizabeth Weller, was born April 30, 1816, in the State of New Jersey. When about two years old, he came with his parents to Washington Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio. When the family landed here, 50 cents was all the cash the father pos- sessed, but being a blacksmith, just the man needed in a new settlement, the neighbors gathered together and soon had a house and shop ready for occupancy by the new-comer. He went to work ; the neighbors patronized him ; soon he began to receive help from his boys ; this enabled him to turn out more work, and he began to turn his attention to farming. About theyear 1827, he moved on a largefarm asarenter; fortune smiled on him, and inthe course of a few years he became the owner instead of the renter. At his death, he was quite wealthy, leaving a large estate for division among his children. William’s privileges for schooling were only on a par with other farm boys. When old enough to work, he was introduced to it ; he says his first plowing was done with the wooden mold-board plow. He never had any desire to mingle in politics. He was married, March 19, 1840, to Miss Martha Young; from this union were six children, four of whom are now (July, 1881) living and married. Educated to farming, he has always idhered to it ; knowing how to manage it, he has made it a success. He was a renter hr fourteen years, and a part of that time sold his corn for 10 cents per bushel, pork for H.75 to $2 per one hundred pounds, net. The first crop of wheat raised he received one-half as his portion; he had it ground and hauled to Cincinnati, where he sold it for HO per barrel ; that was his first start in life. Wearing apparel in his boyish days was nincipally of home manufacture; could not well make it anything else, for he says he las reaped wheat many a day for 50 cents, and the day then was from sunrise }o sunset. The first fine suit of clothes was that given him by his parents when he •eached the age of twenty-one, called a freedom suit. He is now the owner of a nicely mproved farm, adjoining the town of Centerville on the southeast, containing 1434 icres, which constitutes his homestead. The church of his choice was the New-School Baptist, which he joined about 1860 ; Mrs. Weller joined same some three years previous. SAMUEL WELLER, farmer, P. O. Centerville. Samuel Weller, son of John nd Elizabeth Weller, was born November 29, 1826, in Washington Township, Mont- gomery Co., Ohio. He moved, with his parents, on to the farm where he now resides 1881 ) about fifty-three years ago ; with the exception of a few years it has always >een his home. To the visitors at this day it looks, from the splendid improvements e has made, and the general keeping of his farm, that he has no migratory notions in is head. His education he received in the home district school, kept in a log house 278 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: with flattened saplings for seats and puncheons for writing desks, upon which he says the boys used their Pen and Barlow knives prettey freely. Raised on the farm, he did the chores of a farm boy until he was large enough to plow. His recollection of his first plowing was done with a wooden mold-board plow. The plowing done then would not at this time, be called much more than scratching, yet farmers managed to raise fair crops, particularly where there was as many good farm boys as there was on the Weller homestead. Mr. Weller has never had any particular political aspirations ; yet at kind solicitation of friends and neighbors, he has served them as School Director and Town- ship Trustee several years. He was a member of the Board of Trustees under whose direction the present township hall was built in Centerville (1880). Farming is his de- light, at which he is a success. He is now the owner of 389£ acres in this township. He was married, May 16, 1854, to Miss Mary C. Kirby, daughter of John and Mar garet (Pence) Kirby ; from this union eleven children were born, nine of whom are now living. Samuel Weller and wife entertained sixty of their personal friends at dinner the first Sunday of their housekeeping. Mrs. Weller’s father was a native of New Jersey, and her mother of Ohio, Mrs. Weller having been boro in this State July 29, 1834. She has had eleven children born to her of this union, viz., John C. (deceased), Charles W. (deceased), Lucinda J., Anna L., Laura B., Walter H., Arrilla J., Arthur S., Carrie F., Minnie E. and Mary M. CEMA.^1 TOWNSHIP. FRANCIS AMPT, retired saddler, Germantown. Francis Ampt is a native of Germany, of the city of Mayence on the Rhine ; was born June 3, 1810 ; landed in the United States June 10, 1833. Married Kunigunda Rosa, of Hamilton, Ohio, io March, 1839. The latter was born in Germany February 14, 1819, and came to the United States in 1837. They resided in Trenton, Butler Co., Ohio, from 1839 to 1849 In the latter year they moved to Germantown, Ohio, where they have ever since resided. They have three sons, all of whom were born in Trenton ; they are : First, William M. Ampt, attorney, born February 1, 1840; married to Mary Eliza Gunckel, daughter of William Guuckel, of Dayton, Ohio ; they reside in Cincinnati, and have one daughter, Rosa E., born July 2, 1874. Second, Henry Ampt (in the employ of Polk, Wilson & Sons, Cincinnati, Ohio), was born June 23, 1842 ; is married to Fredona Rowe, daugh- ter of Daniel Rowe, of Germantown, Ohio ; they reside in Cincinnati. Third, Francis C. Ampt, attorney, and First Assistant Solicitor of the city of Cincinnati, was born June 10, 1848 ; married to Mary Weaver, daughter of George Weaver, of Miamisburg, Ohio; reside in Cincinnati; have three children — Charles Francis, aged seven years; Ellen Fredona, five years; and Anna, three years. Mr. Ampt is a saddler by trade, and worked at that business until 1879, when he retired. He and wife are members of the Lutheran Church. J. J. ANTJaJM, physician, Germantown, is a son of Jacob Antrim, a pioneer min- ister of illustrious fame. He was born in Berks County, Penn., in the year 1791 From childhood, he was a Bible student and adhered closely to the principles of a Chris- tian life. In early manhood, he C'mnected himself with the U. B. Church, and subse- quently filled the pulpit, teaching the doctrines of his denomination. In 1821, his nup tials were solemnized with Miss Mary Zeller, who was a native of the same county and State as her husband, and was born in the year 1800. The issue of this marriage were six children of whom five are now living, viz., Jabez J., Cyrus, Titus, Jacob and Katura (now Mrs. Dr. Eckerd, of Trenton, Ohio). In 1819, he located uear Germantown, Montgomery Co., Ohio, purchased 120 acres of land in Butler County. Subsequently entered upon his duties as an itinerant minister and circuit rider. In his circuit ot 400 miles, he would frequently become associated with the Rev. James B. Finley, a pioneer Methodist minister. Rev. Antrim removed from his farm to Germantown about 1 828, and was chosen Presiding Elder of the Miami Conference of the United Brethren denom- GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 279 ination. His district consisted of the counties of Montgomery, Preble, Darke, Mercer, ( Miami. Hamilton and Warren. In 1850, death summoned his daughter Drucilla to her last abode, and, in 1858, the same messenger called his wife to her eternal home. Rev. Antrim survived her several years, finally taking a trip to his native State to visit his friends ; while there was taken very ill and lived but a short time. The brittle thread of life was broken ; his labors on earth had ceased ; having fought the good fight of faith and finished his course, his spirit had entered into the joys of his Lord. His body was conveyed to Germantown, where it was interred, and there rests the body of a noble, just and esteemed citizen. His death occurred in the year I860, escaping the scenes of the late rebellion. Dr. J. J. Antrim, whose name heads this sketch, was born near Germantown, Ohio, October 26, 1823 ; having limited school privileges his early educa- tion was the same ; his summer months were devoted to farming, and the winter to his books. However, early in life his mind was directed to human and medical science, which he subsequently engaged in, being only eighteen years of age ; two years later, en- tered the medical college at Cincinnati, Ohio ; graduated in 1844, and entered upon the practice of his profession in New Paris, Preble Co., Ohio. Soon after, thought a trip through the Southern States would be a professional benefit; he prosecuted his thought, treating cancers and tumors. In May, 1846, when the United States was in strife with Mexico, he enlisted in the Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, commanded by Col. G. W. Morgan ; was mustered on the non-commissioned staff of the regiment to the office of Hospital Steward. His services continued in this capacity two months, when upon a satisfactorily examination, he was promoted to Assistant Surgeon, and in rank that of Lieutenant, discharging his duties on the battle-field as well as in the hospital. He served until the close of the war, participating in the battles of Buena Vista, the siege jf Saralvo, Puebla and Rio Frio Pass. Soon after his return, the California gold fever was raging, and he, with a company, ;raveled through by a private conveyance, completing the trip in seven months, travel- ng through an inhospitable country sparsely settled with an uncivilized race. His stay vas two years, when the unsettled and semi-civilized condition of the country caused fim to return. He came by the Isthmus of Panama, then known as the Ocean ■oute, landing at New Orleans, thence up the river home. Subsequently, he took a ;rip to the metropolis of United States (New York City) and other Eastern cities ; re- urned to Germantown and embarked in the mercantile pursuit. This demanded his mention two years, when he resumed the practice of medicine, in which he is still en- gaged. His marriage was celebrated January 20, 1853, with Miss Ellen, second laughter of Gabrael and Sarah Oblinger ; she was born June 24, 1832. The issue of his union were three children, vix., Ida S., Willard and Frank. Seventeen years of heir united life had elapsed when the dreaded disease, consumption, took her from earthly »res. She was an exemplary member of the United Brethren Church, having con- lected herself with that denomination at an early age, remembering her Creator in the lays of her youth. Her death occurred December 8, 1870. With the cares of the doctor’s children and the demands of his profession, he was married the second time, luly 18, 1872, to Mrs. Kate Clemmer, widow of the late David Clemmer. She was )orn in Adams County, Penn., in 1828, and in 1834, moved with her ’parents to Mont- rovery County. At the age of seventeen, united herself with the Methodist Episcopal dhurch. She was a thoroughly devoted Christian, as was proven in her life and con- luct, that religion was not merely a system of ethics and doctrinal truths, but a living jrincipal, hidden in the soul as the leaven is in the meal. After the death of her first msband, she returned to the home of her parents, and owing to the inconvenience of he Methodist Episcopal Church, she united herself with the Evangelical Lutheran dhurch. From the time of her last marriage to her death, May 28, 1880, she was a esident of Germantown. She merited and received the esteem and love of all who mew her. She was a faithful wife, a good neighbor and constant friend, hospitable and ■ver ready to help the poor and needy. She was a sixter of D. E. McSherry, of Day- on', Ohio, the patentee of the McSherry Grain Drill. 280 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : SIMON AUCHENBOCH, feed stable, Germantown, was born in Lebanon County, Penn., March 31, 1814, of parents, Peter and Catharine (Neth) Auchenboch, who died, the father in 1844 and the mother in 1837. He was married to Sarah Palluth. daughter of Casper and Polly (Spots) Palluth, in the State of Pennsylvania, and came to Ohio June 22, 1842. Mrs. Palluth was born in Pennsylvania March 22, 1813. The subject and wife have had born to them children, viz., Eliza (deceased), Louisa, Sarah, Mary, William, Rosannah (deceased) and Fradanna (deceased). Mr. aud Mrs. Au- cheuboch are members of the United Brethren Church, and are exerting their influence for good. The former, by trade, is a shoemaker, which occupation he followed for about thirty -five years. He is a good citizen and commands the respect of the community at large. CHARLES H. L. AXMAN (deceased), was a native of Germany, born May 6, 1822. In early life, he learned the trade of watchmaking and jeweler, but soon after the completion of his trade, in 1848, he emigrated to America, and on May 8, 1850, married in New York City, Elvina Droz, a native of France, born December 27, 1830, and became a resident of the United States in her minority. Soon after their marriage, they settled in Germantown, Montgomery Couuty, Ohio, where Mr. Axman set up in business and conducted it through life, taking in his sons, who are now four in number. He died on February 26, 1873, trusting in the doctrines of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and was beloved by all who knew him. His wife still survives, bear- ing the name of her departed husband, and the mother of ten children, of whom six survive, viz. : Minnie, Clara, Charles A.; who is working, in Dayton, at the jew- eler business ; Adolph 0., in the same pursuit; and Alfred E. and Lewis H., who are yet at home assisting their mother in conducting the jewelry business. Mrs. Axman has been for years a member of the same church as that of her husband. ALFRED E. AXMAN, Germantown, was born in Germantown, Ohio, December 8, 1860, and is a son of Charles H. L. Axman, whose history will be found in this work. Alfred E. grew up in his native town, where he was also educated, learning the jewelry trade under the supervision of his eldest brother, Arthur C., in their own store, of which he now has charge. He is an intelligent young man, well respected, a mem- ber of the Lutheran Church, and belongs to the Masonic fraternity. THOMAS BAILEY, retired farmer, Germantown. His grandparents, Thomas and Mary (Crittenden) Bailey, natives of Virginia, came to Warren County, Ohio, at an early day, where they spent their lives. His parents were William and Sarah (Rison) Bailey, also from Virginia, who had a family of six children — three sons and three daughters — viz.: Thomas, Francis, William, Maria, Elizabeth and Nancy. The subject of this sketch was born in Warren County, Ohio, July 29, 1810, and in 1819 his mother died, thus leaving him at a tender age without her loving counsel. On De- cember 6, 1832, he married Ann Denice, daughter of Samuel and Jane (Bound) Denice, born in New Jersey, September 27, 1815, of which union eleven children were born, as' follows : William, Abraham C., Sarah Jane, Sidney D., Samuel F,, Anna Maria, Mary E., George P., Helanor C., Rachel and one died in infancy. Mr. Bailey followed milling for about twenty-oue years, and in 1847 located on a farm in German Township; purchased 170 acres of land in 1853, upon which he resided until 1866, when he moved to Germantown, where he has since lived, owning a residence and two acres of ground on Main street. His farm lays four miles west of town, on the State road. His five living children are all residing in this vicinity, and worthy members of society, whose ancestors have done their part toward the civilization of this portion of the Buckeye State. Mr. Bailey and family belong to the United Brethren Church. I W. P. BEARD, farmer, P. O. Germantown. Our subject was born near Ger-i mantown, Ohio, August 14, 1821, and is the son of Jacob and Sarah (Catrow) Beard, natives, the former of Lancaster County, Penn., born in 1777, and the mother of Mary- land, born in 1803. The father settled near Germantown, Ohio, in 1811, and died in 1862. Mr. Beard was united in marriage, February 17, 1848, to Susannah, daughter of Jacob Heffner, of Maryland, and is the father of five children, as follows: Oliver J., Irene, Sabina, Hiram and Elmer. The first named is dead. Irene, is the wife of GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 281 William Roof, living at Carlisle Station, in Warren County ; Sabina, is at home ; Hiram, married Lucinda Robbins, and is residing near Troy, Ohio. In politics, our subject is a Democrat. He received a fair education, which was obtained in German Township ; is a man in comfortable circumstances, and a good citizen. STEPHEN BENNETT, farmer, P. 0. Carlisle, is a native of Somersetshire, Eng., born June 24. 1852, and emigrated to America June 28, 1872, settling in Mont- gomery County. He was married to Mary E., daughter of Tobias and Mary (Brad- bury) Swartzel, born in Ohio July 21, 1850, on the 17th of February, 1873, and to them were born the following-named children : Cora E., Lotta 0. and Pearl M. Mr. Bennett, though quite a young man, has, through industry and economy, become the possessor of a farm of fifty-one acres of land, situated on the Carlisle and Germantown pike, two and a quarter miles southeast of the latter town. The farm is well improved, and the buildings thereon new, the house and barn being built some six years ago, at a cost, the former of $1,850, and the latter $500. Tobacco raising is with him a spe- cialty. He takes great pride in the choice lot of fowls about the farm, raising and dealing in best breed. ALFRED BOSE, cigar manufacturer, Germantown, is a son of George Bose, who was born in German Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, January 8, 1808, and who lost his father when quite small, thus leaving him to the care of a widowed mother whom he in his more matured years helped to support until her death. George was a farmer, and was married March 5, 1839, to Miss Mary Boyer, who was born in Fred- erick City, Md., April 11, 1808, of which marriage Alfred was born in this township September 13, 1845. He grew up and learned the trade of a cigar-maker, worked as a journeyman thirteen years, and in 1872 was elected President of the Cigar-Maker’s Union. He served in the Germantown fire company eleven years, receiving a life-mem- bership certificate for services rendered, and has represented the Etna Fire Insurance Company as agent. Being a man of experience in his trade, he was appointed foreman by Joseph Endress, of his packing room, getting the cigars ready for shipment, hav- ing at times many men under his charge. He also traveled on the road selling cigars, in all of which he displayed the same ability, energy and success. He finally accumu- lated enough money to start in business January 19, 1876, since which his trade has been increased yearly. In 1872, Mr. Bose became a Mason, and is a zealous member of that fraternity. J. A. BROWN, physician, Germantown. His father, William Brown, was a native of New Jersey, who came to Ohio with his parents in an early day, and located at Waynesville, Warren County. He learned the carpenter trade, and soon after reach- ing manhood, went to Preble County, where he married Miss Mary A. Beall, whose father, Charles, was a soldier in the war of 1812. They had four children by this union, viz., Francis A., Joseph A., Laura, the wife of Dr. Low, of Connersvilie, Ind., and Minnie. William Brown was quite successful in life, accumulated considerable property; was a Quaker in religious belief, and died in February, 1860, leaving a widow, who died January 24, 1882, and who was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The subject of this sketch was born near Camden, Preble County, Ohio, January 19, 1855 ; had all the advantages of a good schooling, and at the age of eighteen began the study of medicine under Dr. W. H. Low, from whose preceptorship :e entered the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati, from where he graduated in the '-lass of 1877—78, and immediately commenced the practice of his profession at German- own, where he has since continued the art of healing. He was married, March 5, 1875, to Miss Louisa Singer, daughter of Solomon Singer, who was born in Lewis- )urg, Preble County, Ohio, September 5, 1856, and has had one daughter, Edna. Dr. drown is a member of the Montgomery County Medical Society, and being a well-read, tudious physican, his future is promising, and presages success in his profession. PETER BUZZARD, farmer, P. O. Germantown, was born in Frederick County, Id., June 11, 1817, his parents, Samuel and Mary (Dellwater) Buzzard, coming to Ohio loon after his birth, where his father died in 1866, and his mother in 1873. Peter /as married in 1838, to Elizabeth Emerick, a native of this county, born June 5, 282 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 1818, her parents being from Pennsylvania, of which union eight children were the issue, as follows: Wesley, Allen, Samuel L., Margaret E., Mary Ann, William J. Jacob E. and Annie A. Mr. Buzzard is a stone and brick mason, which trade he learned in his boyhood days, operated a threshing-machine for twenty five years, and has owned four of the best stable horses in Ohio, having at present a fine six-year-old three-quarters Clydesdale stallion. Mr. Buzzard owns a nice farm of seventy-two acres in Darke County, and a well-improved homestead, where he now resides, and is a man of public spirit and enterprise. LEVI L. CLARK, retired farmer, P. O. Germantown, is a son of Thomas and Catherine (Lehman) Clark, both natives of Pennsylvania, the former born July 5, 1785, and the latter December 28,1791. Thomas was by occupation a farmer, and through life a resident of his native State. Their death occurred several years ago. and they were the parents of ten children, of whom four are now living, viz.: Lydia, Levi L., Thomas and Abraham. Mr. and Mrs. Clark were a noble couple, their char- ity was not vaunting and their love for their fellow-men was unbounded. Levi L., whose name heads this article, was born near Jonestown, Lebanon County, Penn , October 11, 1814. In early life his summers were devoted to farming, and his winter months to school, but his education, though limited, was mostly acquired through his own exertions. At the age of eighteen he commenced clerking, and was thus engaged for five successive years. At the age of twenty-three, he came to Germantown, Mont- gomery County, Ohio, and obtained a situation in the dry goods store of J. Crist, and on December 30, 1838, was united in marriage with Maria L., daughter of the late John D. Gunckle, of Montgomery County, born April 9, 1817. The fruits of this marriage are eleven children, viz.: John T., of Columbus, Neb.; Jefferson L., of Mi- amisburg ; George, of Colorado; William H., Frank G., Mary C. (now Mrs. Oblin- ger), Harriett E. (now Mrs. Keiner), Sarah J. (now Mrs. Trout), Ellen S., Alice V. and Maria B. Soon after the nuptials of Levi and Maria L. Clark, he located on his father-in-law's farm, took charge of it, and again became a tiller of the soil as in his youthful days. This, however, only commanded his attention a few years, when he embarked, unexperienced, in the coopering business, and repairing firearms, which two occupations combined proved quite remunerative. Several years later, he purchased a farm of 9 1 J acres, of Rev. J. L. Hoffman, situated on Little Twin Creek, where he located and remained until 1868, when he removed to his present beautiful location in the limits of the incorporation of Germantown. Mr. and Mrs. Clark’s religious affili- ations have been with the Methodist Episcopal Church for nearly half a century, during which time they have been constant and valuable contributors for its welfare and progress. A. S. CONOVER, farmer and miller, P. 0. Germantown. The parents of our a subject emigrated to Ohio in 1811, who by name were William and Catharine (Sut- phin) Conover. The former lived to be ninety-four years of age. Mr. A. S. Conover is a native of the State of New Jersey, born in 1808, and has been twice married, j 1 His first wife was Maria, daughter of William Bailey, who died August 5, 1832. His second wife was Mrs. Margaret Ann Molson, daughter of Gilbert and Hannah Bound, natives of New Jersey, by whom he had six children, two boys and four girls, namely Edgar C., Orlander C., Hannah, Lydia, Ida and Deborah. By occupation Mr. Cono-j ver is a miller, which pursuit he followed from the time he was seventeen years of age, living between Franklin and Miamisburg, until 1860. He now owns a small farm one and a half miles northwest of Germantown. HENRV C. COOK, farmer, P. O. Germantown, was born in Jackson Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, October 3, 1833; is the son of Frederick and Catherine ( Apple) Cook, natives of Ohio, but of German descent. Our subject was one of seven] children, six of whom are still living, and four of them are residents of Montgomervj County. He was married to Lucinda Oldfather May 12, 1864, and to them were born the following-named children : Ella R., Wealthy M., Herman V. and Gface. Ttu wife was born March 19, 1837, of parents Frederick and Elizabeth (Pence) Oldfather The former was a native of Virginia, and died iu 1876, and the latter of Maryland GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 283 Our subject received a fair education, having attended the schools of his neighborhood in youth, thence going for a period at Lebanon, where he attended the Southwestern Normal School, now known as the Normal University, where he prepared himself for teaching, and followed that profession from 1854 to 1875. He purchased the quarter section of land upon which he now resides, located four miles west of Germantown, in 1876, since which he has been farming. JACOB CRIST, deceased, was born in Frederick City, Md., October 15, 1792 ; is a son of Henry and Christina (Cassel) Crist, and came to Ohio with his parents in 1805, where he grew to manhood. He was married October 15, 1850, to Anna E. Echart, daughter of John and Anna E. Echart, natives of Germany, who came to Ohio in 1844. Mrs. Crist was born in the Fatherland February 23, 1817, and has had six | children, viz.: Henry J., George L , Mary E., John P., Edward J. and Louisa C. Mr. Crist was one of the oldest citizens in the county, owned 130 acres of land a short dis- tance southeast of Germantown and the family belonged to the United Brethren Church. Our subject died February 17, 1872, in his eightieth year, leaving behind a large circle of mourning friends and a wife and family much respected. J. E. DONNELLAN, physician and surgeon, Germantown, was born in Cham- paign County, Ohio, October 7, 1824, and is the youngest in a family of ten children, seven sons and three daughters, three of whom are living. His parents emigrated from Baltimore, Md.,in 1812, and settled on a farm near Urbana, Champaign County, Ohio, where his father died in 1829, and in 1832 his mother removed to West Alexandria, Preble County, Ohio, where she resided until her death in 1853. At the age of eighteen, our subject having received a good education, began teaching school, which he continued during the winter season for several years, pursuing a private course of study in the summer months. In 1848, he began the study of medicine in the office of his brother, Dr. N. Donnellan, of West Alexandria, at the completion of which, in April, 1851, he entered upon the practice of his profession, at Farmersville, Montgom- ery County, Ohio, where he remained two years, diligently laying the foundation of future success. He occupied the same office with H. Elliott, Esq., who was then just commencing the practice of law, but who is now the Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Dr. Donnellan removed to Germantown May 3, 1853, having formed a part- nership with Dr. C. G. Espich, an old and popular physician, who had been a success- ful practitioner of medicine in this place from its earliest settlement, and this partner- ship continued until Dr. Espich’s death, November 24, 1853. Dr. Donnellan was mar- ried, March 16, 1854, to Mary M. Hiestand, whose parents came from Lancaster Coun- ty, Penn., to this county at an early day, of which union they have had two daughters, Emma (deceased) and Annie. The Doctor has taken a deep interest in the progress and development of Montgomery County. He has been for twelve years a member of the Board of Education in Germantown ; was one of the Directors of the Montgomery County Infirmary from 1860 to 1866; is a charter member of Germantown Lodge of R A. A. M., and was for several years its Master. Since 1851, Dr. Donnelly has been in constant practice, with the exception of four months in 1864, when he was a member rf the One Hundred and Thirty-second Regiment Ohio National Guards. He is a nernber of the I. 0. O. F., and the family adhere to the Reformed Church. Politi- cally, he is a Republican. The Doctor stands among the most enterprising citizens of his township. WILLIAM C. EMERICK, retired merchant, Sunsbury, one of the pioneers >f Montgomery County, emigrated to Ohio, coming with his parents, Christopher and Catharine (Kern) Emerick, natives of Pennsylvania, from that State in 1804. The oarents died, the father in 1837, and mother in 1836 ; was born in Berks County, Penn., June 29, 1794. In 1820, Mr. Emerick was united in marriage with Sarah, laughter of Daniel and Catharine (Shuey) Gunckle, who were also pioneers of this ficinity, emigrating from Pennsylvania in the year 1811. Both were natives of Dau- phin County, Penn. The mother died in 1832, and the father in 1837. Sarah, the nfe of our subject, was born July 1, 1801, and became the mother of eleven children —Israel (born May 24, 1821), Catharine (born December 3, 1822), William D. (born 284 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES . February 23, 1826), Levi (born May 1, 1828), Elizabeth (born September 25, 1830), Jacob (born October 17, 1832), David (born November 15, 1834), Harrison (born May 7, 1837), Daniel (born February 26, 1840), Mariah (born March 17, 1842), and Henry, born August 23, 1844; of whom six sons and one daughter are living, and all are married except one son. This pioneer couple are the grandparents of twenty- eight, and great-grandparents of sixteen children. Mr. Emerick has followed a variety of vocations in life, having learned the shoemaker’s trade and followed it some twenty years, then butchered a number of years, when he became a merchant, continuing in that line twenty years, from which he retired after a long period of active business life. In 1835, he was chosen a Justice of the Peace, in which capacity he acted for fifteen years. He also filled various other township offices, among which were School Director, Clerk and Trustee. Mr. Emerick has been a life-long member of the Lutheran Church, his wife adhering to the United Brethren denomination. CHRISTIAN ESHELMAN, farmer, P. 0. Germantown, was born in Lancas- ter County, Penn., December 18, 1802, and is a son of John Eshelman, who died when our subject was a small boy. Christian grew to manhood in his native State, and,, in 1831, was married to Catharine Ebby, daughter of Christian Ebby, both natives of Pennsylvania. Of this union, two children were born, one of whom, John C., sur- vives. In 1835, Mr. Eshelman came to Ohio, and, being a blacksmith by trade, fol- lowed that calling for about twenty-five years. His wife died, and, October 13, 1874, he married Mrs. Sarah Denner, widow of George Denner, and daughter of Christopher and Catharine (Kern) Emerick, natives of Pennsylvania and pioneers of German ! Township, tier father was born January 23, 1771, and died in January, 1837. Her mother was born January 30, 1772; married Christopher Emerick January 16, 1793, and died in February, 1836. Mrs. Eshelman was born in German Township January 12, 1811, and her entire life has been passed in this vicinity. His son, John C., was married to Ellen Stump, who has borne him two children; one now living ; he resides close to his father’s farm, whose homestead is about two and a half miles south of Ger- mantown, and the family belong to the Lutheran Church. ADAM FRANK, attorney at law and Mayor of Germantown, was born in Ger- mantown, Montgomery County, Ohio, July 2, 1831, and is a son of Matthew and Barbara (Loy) Frank. His father was a native of New York, who, in his boyhood j days, learned the shoemaking trade, subsequently emigrating to Ohio and settling at Germantown in an early day, where he continued working at his trade. A few years after coming to Ohio, he was married to Miss Barbara Loy, who bore him six children, j four of whom are now living. Matthew died in 1867, and his wife in 1877, both dying, as they had lived, faithful members of the U. B. Church, and respected by ail who knew them. Our subject received a good education, and graduated from the Ger- mantown Academy. He learned the trade of a boot and shoemaker, and by industry and careful saving accumulated sufficient means to purchase a property which consti- tutes a comfortable home. He was married March 7, 1853, to Miss Nancy A. Lucas, a native of this county, born in 1830, of which union one daughter, Mary C., was the issue. Mrs. Frank, after a few brief years of married life, was borne to the grave. Mr. Frank was again married, in 1874, to Mrs. Yanda L. Stirewalt, widow of the Rev. Julius L. Stirewalt, who is a sincere member of the Lutheran Church, and who endeavors to set a good example to all with whom she comes in contact. Politically, Mr. Frank is a Republican, and, in 1865, was elected as a Justice of the Peace for German Township, having been elected in 1864 Mayor of Germantown, which position he now occupies. Subsequently, was chosen Township Clerk, and a member of tne Board of Education, in all of which he was noted for efficiency and integrity. About this time, his duties as a public servant and his ambition to understand more thoroughly) the laws of the land induced him to abandon his trade and turn his whole attention to reading law; was finally admitted to the bar in 1870, and has since practiced his profes- sion. Mr. Frank has long been a member of the Masonic Fraternity, and has beenji Permanent Secretary of the I. O. O. F. in Germantown for twenty-four years. He is a man of shrewd business tact and sound judgment, and the fact of his being intrusted GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 285 with so many official positions demonstrates that his community have confidence in his ability and integrity. JAMES HANKINSON, farmer and miller. The parents of this enterprising farmer were James and Sarah (Cheesman) Hankinson, natives of Monmouth County, N. J., born, respectively, November 14, 1787, and March 9, 1796, were there united in marriage, and subsequently came west, locating in Warren County, Ohio, and raised a family of seven children, the mother dying October 1, 1867, and the father April 5, 1879. The subject of this sketch was born in Warren County, Ohio, two miles south- east of Germantown, in 1828, was raised a farmer, and September 30, 1855, was mar- ried to Rachel B. Vandaveer, born near Franklin, Warren County, Ohio, January 23, 1835, and daughter of John and Hannah B. (Bound) Yandaveer, natives of Mon- mouth County, N. J., the former born in 1795, and his wife the following year. Mrs. Hankinson’s parents were married in their native county, and had thirteen children, only two of whom are living. The father died February 5, 1873, and the mother July 25, 1876. Mr. Hankinson has a family of four children — John H., Sarah M. (the wife of John Wolf), James V. and George W. His early education was limited, but contact with the world has given him a knowledge of men and affairs that well fits him for his sphere in life. Beside farming, he was also engaged in operating a saw-mill and manufacturing broom handles, moving to his present location in 1868, where he continues the mill business in connection with the breeding of Poland-China hogs and fine poultry, in which lines he has won many premiums at the fairs during the past five years, and is the owner of a thoroughbred two-year-old colt, coming three, which he claims is one of the finest in Ohio Mr. Hankinson has made the Devonshire breed of cattle a specialty, believing thoroughly in progress and improvement in all things. BENJAMIN B. HARLAN, teacher, Germantown, was born in Clinton County, Ohio, March 23, 1845, and is a son of David M. and Margaret Harlan, he a native of Kentucky and she of North Carolina, the former born in 1809, and the latter in 1815. The family are of Irish and Scotch extraction, and our subject's parents are residing in Lafayette County, Mo. Benjamin B. was educated at Lebanon, Ohio, and followed farming until twenty-two years of age, since which time he has been engaged in teaching ; has taught in Germantown six years, two of which he has been Superintendent of the school. In 1874, he married Margaret H. Bond, daughter of John E. and Elizabeth (Custis) Bond, all natives of Ohio ; her paternal grandfather, George Bond, was from Maryland, and Thomas Custis, the maternal grandfather, was a native of the “ Old Dominion.” Mrs. Harlan has had two children — George B. and Mary. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity and I. 0. 0. F., and as an educator has given gen- eral satisfaction. MICHAEL HETZLER, retired farmer, P. 0. Germantown. His grandfather, George Hetzler, was a native of Germany, who emigrated to Pennsylvania, where was born George, the father of our subject, who there grew up and married Catherine Reem. Of this union, Michael was born July 2, 1802, and, in 1824, married Elizabeth Blinn, who bore him three children, and died in 1838. The following year, he married Margaret Ann Ellis, a native of Virginia, who had ten chil- dren, eight of whom are living, and all married, excepting one son. Mr. Hetzler owns 165 acres of land in German Township, joining Abraham’s mill, but retired from farm- ing in April, 1879, his wife having died May 16, 1877. He is a member of the United Brethren Church, and an honest Christian gentleman. ISAAC HETZLER, farmer, P. O. Germantown. This gentleman’s parents were Abraham and Salome (Crouse) Hetzler, natives of Pennsylvania, from whence they emigrated in 1811. Our subject was born in Montgomery County March 20, 1828, and was married to Mary Ann Geeting August 15, 1852. The wife’s parents were Adam and Elizabeth (Leeser) Geeting. Father Geeting died in 1859, and the mother in 1864. Isaac Hetzler and wife have had born to them Salome C., Adam W, Lizzie, Eliza, Ella, Simon and Abraham L. Mr. Hetzler, since 1852 has resided on his farm of 115 acres, situated on the Germantown and Jacksonburg road. ELIAS HO UN, farmer, P. 0. Carlisle, is a native of Miami Township, Mont- 286 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: gomery County, Ohio, born February 10, 1838, and son of Daniel and Maria (Geb- hart) Hohn, he a native of Maryland, born in 1801, and his wife of Pennsylvania born in 1806, and daughter of Henry and Elizabeth Gebhart. Mr. Hohn’s mother died in 1868, and his father in 1871. He was married in 1869, March 18 to Julia Ann Hibble, of Miami Township, whose parents reside in Miamisburg. Our subject has one brother, Lewis, who is living in Shelby County, Ohio, and one sister, Loretta, who resides in Miami Township, both being married and all respected people. He resides on the Carlisle and Germantown pike, about midway between those points. L. H. HUBER, tanner, Germantown, is a native of Cambria County, Penn., horn at Johnstown October 31, 1813, and removed to Ohio with his parents at the age of six years, settling at Miamisburg. The parents were David and Susan Fluck, the latter dying at Van Wert, Ohio, when our subject was about ten years of age. He was one of eight children, all of whom are dead but two. December 2, 1838, he was united in marriage to Catharine Coler, born in England of parents Henry and Margaret Coler. and to them have been born the following children : John, David, Charles F., D. W. George W., Caroline, Margaret and Rachel. Mr. Huber has been occupied as a tanner since fourteen years of age, and he and family belong to the Lutheran Church. WILLIAM INGRAM, farmer, P. 0. Germantown, was born March 10, 181?. Is a son of Archibald and Margery (Odan) Ingram, he a native of Ireland, and she of Scotland. Mr. Ingram came to Ohio in 1838, and in 1840 married Martha Kindig, daughter of Henry and Magdalena Kindig, natives of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Ingram was born October 22, 1818, and has had six children, two boys and four girls, viz.: John, Rebecca Ann, Michael H., F. FI., Mary J. and Sarah C. Mr. Ingram is engaged in raising tobacco and working on a farm ; resides on the Farmersville road, and the fam- ily adhere to the Lutheran Church. JOHN F. KERN, banker, Germantown. His father, Frederick Kern, a native of Maryland, died when cur subject was quite young, and his mother married Jacob Beard, and soon after the family came to Ohio. John F. was born in Frederick City, Md., October 2, 1805, and grew to maturity working on his stepfather’s farm, but upon reaching his twenty-first year, he inherited a farm and saw-mill property located near Franklin. Ohio, on the Big Miami River. Here he remained two years, when, his health failing, and thinking the locality did not agree with him, he disposed of his prop erty, and entered the dry goods store of Winter & Fisher, at Germantown. Aftor learning the business, he concluded to start for himself, and in 1835 he made a trip to Cincinnati on horseback, purchased a stock of dry goods, and, returning to German- town, began business, which he continued for thirty-three years. In 1859, he was elected a Justice of the Peace, served the people faithfully, and was again tendered the oifice, but declined. He has been chosen several times to represent his township in che county conventions. During his mercantile career, he disposed of his business twice finally retiring from merchandising about 1867. He was one of the organizers of the First National Bank of Germantown, of which he has been President nineteen con- secutive years. Mr. Kern served as President of the Germantown Board of Education eleven years, and since his majority has been a member of the Reformed Church, hold- ing ofiicial position for many years in that body, and during his entire membership his 1 contributions have been constant and generous. Politically, he believes in principles rather than partyism, and in all the affairs of life he has been always desirous of doing good and of benefiting the community in which he has been so long a leading citizen. SAMUEL LINDEMUTH, farmer and tobacco raiser, P. O. Germantown, was born October 30, 1833, in Montgomery County, Ohio, and is the son of Thomas and Maria (Tobias) Lindemuth, natives of the Keystone State, Berks County. The father was born in 1791, and came to Ohio in 1824, dying January 13, 1870. Our subject was united in marriage with Maria Stiver, daughter of John and Christina (Emerick) jj Stiver, natives of Berks County, Penn., September 3, 1857. Mrs. Christina Stiver is still living, being in her eighty-seventh year. Mr. Lindemuth, our subject, is residing on a farm of forty-odd acres, lying about one mile west of Germantown. HENRY C. MOSES, farmer, P. O. Germantown, was born in this county Sep- GERMAN TOWNSHIP. •287 tember 25, 1824, and is a son of Robert and Mary (Crist) Moses, natives of the “ Old Dominion,” where his father was born in 1800 and his mother in 1802, coming to Montgomery County in 1823, where they spent their lives, Robert dying in January, 1875, and his wife in April, 1881. Our subject was married, August 19, 1847, to Mary Ann McKean, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Marsh) McKean, who bore him four children, one now living, viz., Charles R. Mrs. Moses died about 1855, and in 1857 he married Grace Rowe, who was born in 1822, to whom have been born five children; three now survive — Elizabeth, Grace and John. Mr. Moses is the owner of two hundred and sixty-seven acres of land, one hundred and seven in the home tract, one-half mile north of Germantown ; is a practical farmer, who displays good taste around his homestead, as well as being respected as a kind neighbor and worthy citizen. REV\ PETER C. PRUGH, minister, Germantown. Among the early settlers of Montgomery County was John Prugh, a native of Carroll County, Md., born near the town of Westminster in 1795 ; there grew to manhood and married Catherine Haynes, who was born in 1791, of which union ten children were the issue, six of whom are now living, viz. : Jesse, Gideon G., Jacob H., Peter C., Thomas L. and Mrs. Samuel Fauver, of Dayton. In 1818, Mr. Prugh and family came to Ohio, locating on one hundred and sixty acres of land five miles south of Dayton, in the present township of Van Buren, upon which he and wife spent their lives, she dying in 1876 and he in 1879, being faithful members of the Reformed Church. Peter C. was born on the old homestead, September 13, 1822, and after receiving a knowledge of the common branches in the district school, he attended the Dayton Academy, where he prepared himself for a collegiate course. In 1844, he entered Marshall College, located at Mer- cersburg, Penn., and in due time graduated and received his diploma ; then entered the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church, under the Professorship of Rev. J. W. Nevin, D. D., and Rev. Philip Schaff, D. D., where he completed his studies. He re- ceived a call from the Reformed Church of Xenia, Ohio, took charge of that and the Beaver Creek congregation, and remained there for twenty-five years. He was married, April 2, 1852, to Miss Charlotte Hassler, of Mercersburg, Penn., born April 11, 1828, and daughter of Jacob Hassler, who was a musician in the war of 1812. They have had eleven children, seven now living, viz. : Edwin N., John H., Daniel K., William S., Etta K., Mary A. and Frances Grace. During his sojourn in Xenia, our subject was instrumental in having the Soldiers’ Orphans’ Home located at that point and was appointed Chairman of the local committee to confer with the Committee of the Grand Army of the Republic at their first meeting, and $25,000 were raised in Greene County toward building the Home. When it was completed he be- came Chaplain and remained there two years, and in 1874 accepted a call from the Church of the Cross, located on the corner of Finley and Baymiller streets, Cincinnati, Ohio, where he remained three years; then came to Germantown, and now has charge of the Reformed Church at that point. Mr. Prugh resides on a farm of seventy acres one-half mile west of the town and is a man of upright Christian character, who is honored and respected by a large circle of Montgomery County’s most worthy citizens. His son, John H., is Pastor of Grace Reformed Church, Pittsburgh, Penn.; is recog- nized as a man of superior ability, a scholar, a theologian and an orator, who, since taking charge of that church, has secured one of the largest Reformed congregations in that city. SAMUEL REED, retired firmer, Germantown, was born in Berks, now Schuylkill Oouaty, Penn., on the 20th of September, 1796, and was married on his birth-day, in 1828, to Sarah Leinba'ch, who departed this life on the 10th of June, 1877. They vere the parents of four children, one only of whom came to the years of maturity, an jionored son, John Henry, who on the 6th of September, 1860, married Mattie Zeller, vhose parents were natives of this county. They were the parents of four children — dary Magdalene, Albert Eugene (deceased), Sarah Lulu and Charles S. John Henry ;?as a natural musician, and had considerable taste as an artist. He was, for a term or nore, Township Assessor and Clerk, and was for a number of years a dry goods merchant a Germantown. He died June 7, 1874, in the forty-fifth year of his age, leaving an 288 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: interesting family to mourn his death. The subject of our sketch, Samuel Reed, came to Ohio in 1825, in company with William Hunsinger, on horseback, for the purpose of purchasing a homestead for his mother, in lieu of her dower in the old homestead in Pennsylvania. During this visit, he remembers seeing G-en. Lafayette in Cincinnati. He has two brothers yet living — Jeremiah, aged eighty-one, and Martin D., aged sev- enty-seven. Mr. Reed’s father, John Reed, died in 1804, when Samuel was but eight years old. His mother, Mary M. Reed, subsequently married Abram Suyder, and died on the day Gen. Harrison was inaugurated President. The family emigrated to Ohio in 1833, coming in wagons, and consuming four weeks in the journey. They landed near Dayton in the month of June, and the following September came to German Town ship, where they have since lived. Prior to leaving Pennsylvania, Mr. Reed was entrusted to the settling up of various estates, and did some of the same kind of busi- ness in this country, amounting in the aggregate to several thousand dollars; He is the owner of 170 acres of land, and while too infirm to perform manual labor, yet at the advanced age of eighty-six years he superintends his farm with much of the agility of his younger years. He also superintends another farm of 150 acres. He learned the trade of paper-maker when a boy, and followed it for sixteen years; when he was appren- ticed to his employer, he was discharged and sent home with instructions to put him to some other trade, but this his mother would not agree to, and he was sent to another man for three years, for the sum of $30 and six months’ schooling. He has lived in German Township for more than forty-seven years, and is now enjoying the latter) years of his life with his widowed daughter-in law, Mrs. J. H. Reed, and is very happily) situated on the corner of Plum and Center streets. He has served as School Director for twenty-five years, and is closing up a long and useful life, and his meajory will bet cherished long after death by those of his church (German Reformed) and others who) knew his worth the best. ELIZABETH ROHRER, widow, P. O. Germantown, daughter of Conrad anti Elizabeth Schultz, of Baltimore, Md., was born in that city January 25, 1806 Sh< was the sixth child of a family of nine children, and was educated at St. Joseph’s Nun j siery, at Emmetsburg, and at Rooker’s school in Baltimore, where she received a thor ough education, accompanied with high accomplishments. She descended from a lini of military men, her grandfather being a Colonel in the Revolutionary war, having been promoted from a private for gallantry; and her father, a native of France, par ticipated in the war of 1812, serving as an artilleryman. Much of her early life wa' passed in Washington City, and during the administration of Monroe and Adams, sh) was a welcome guest in the families of these illustrious men. During the war of 1812 Mrs. Rohrer witnessed the light arising from the burning of Washington. She cam West in company with her parents in 1825, on a visit, and was present at Middietow when Gov. Clinton, of New York, raised the first shovelful of earth in the digging c the Miami Canal. Our subject was united in marriage to Samuel Rohrer, March 3< 1826, and that year removed to Dayton, Ohio, where he embarked in the mercantil business. To this couple were born six children, four of whom are now living, namely Columbus, Charles S., Josephine and Ada Y. Mrs. Rohrer is a member of the R< formed Church, and her husband was an Elder in the same. She is a close Bible sti dent, and has ever walked in the line of holy men and women, having been a teacher in tli Colored Sabbath School of Baltimore, and organized the first Sunday school in Ge: mantown. She was also the first lady member of the American Bible Society in Mon gornery County. Her husband was born at Hagerstown, Md., in October, 1786, ac in 1817 accompanied Gen. Harper and Dr. Dideer to Europe, where he spent tv years in traveling, and then returned to his native State. As was said above, he can 1 to Dayton the same year of his marriage, and the following year moved to Germantow and there builtabrewery and operated a distillery. The father of Mr. Rohrer was a m: 1 of means, and in consequence, Samuel received a thorough education and became a m; of culture and refinement. He served as a Lieutenant under Capt. Bare, in the w of 1812. This couple were widely known for their hospitality, and their home w considered by the elite of the day as the center of refinement and high-bred cultui GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 289 At their residence have been entertained many distinguished persons, among whom were Gen. Harrison, when a candidate for the Presidency. Mr. Rohrer was a man of many virtues, was successful in business, and highly esteemed by his fellow-citizens. He died July 12, 1856. CHRISTIAN ROHRER, retired distiller, Germantown. This well-known and prominent citizen was born in Lancaster County, Penn., December 2, 1804, and is a son of Christian and Anna Maria (Forrer) Rohrer, natives of the Keystone State, who were the parents of nine children, five of whom are now living, viz.: Eliza- beth (now Mrs. Krider, of Pennsylvania), Catherine (now Mrs. Barr, of the same State), Christian, Samuel and Jacob. The father was a farmer, but soon after the war of 1812 began the manufacture of cotton goods. He was a man much respected, and died June 16, 1824, his widow surviving him until 1850. Our subject grew to manhood in his native State, receiving a good education, and upon attaining his majority inherited from his father’s estate a farm and saw-mill property. Hearing of the many good bus- iness openings in the West, he made a trip to Ohio and Indiana. Returning to Penn- sylvania, he disposed of his property, and in 1831 came to Montgomery County, pur- chased a flouring-mill from Andrew Hinkle, located one mile west of Germantown, 'which he operated until 1847, when he sold it to Gross & Brubaker. He then bought the John Risinger mill property, including 75 acres of land, rebuilt the distillery which was on the farmland embarked in the manufacture of highwines and liquors, making the first Bourbon whisky distilled in Montgomery County. Mr. Rohrer was married November 29, 1832, to Miss Margaret Emerick, born in this county March 8, (1813, and daughter of Christopher Emerick, one of Montgomery County’s pioneers. Of this union five, children were born, viz.: Anna M. (now Mrs. Grubbs, of German- sown), Elizabeth (now Mrs. Kaucher, of Yankton, D. T.), Josephine (now Mrs. Byers, if Shelby ville, Ind.),' David and John. Mr. Rohrer is yet residing upon his farm, which he purchased thirty-five years ago, although retired from active business. He las been one of the most successful business men in the Miami Yalley, and his success |s a fitting illustration of what constant application and rigid industry can accomplish then coupled with sound business judgment. He is one of the charter members of the hrst National Bank of Germantown, has always been recognized as a useful member of ociety, ever taking a deep interest in all worthy public enterprises, as well as the prog- ess, growth and development of the Miami Yalley. DAYID ROHRER, distiller, Germantown, is a son of Christian and Margaret lohrer, and was born in German Township November 10, 1835, receiving his educa- ion in the school of his district until seventeen years old, when he entered his father’s istillery, where he worked faithfully until twenty-two years of age, at which time his ither gave him an interest in this business. This partnership continued several years, 'hen it was dissolved by mutual consent, his father retiring and David remaining in ie business, renting the distillery from his father. Here our subject continued to do successful business, but, being a man of enterprise, he resolved to prosecute his call- )gon a larger scale, so purchasing thirty-one acres of land one and a half miles west of Ger- lantown, he erected thereon a large distillery with a capacity of manufacturing thirty irrels of choice Bourbon whisky per day, which brands have acquired an enviable mutation from the Atlantic to the Pacific, having a market in many of the leading ties of the Union. He was married February 1, 1865, to Miss Ada Y. Rohrer, daugh- r of Samuel and Elizabeth Rohrer, a sketch of whom will be found in this work, fie was born in German Township April 18, 1840, and has had five children, four of hom are living — Josie, Ada V., Eugene and Albert. Mr. Rohrer is the owner of 400 p'es of land, besides his distillery, is a public-spirited, enterprising man, whose success as been marked by upright dealing in all the affairs of life, and who has won and tained the friendship of a large circle of Montgomery County’s leading citizens. JOSEPH W. SHANK, President of the First National Bank, Germantown, is a a of Adam Shank, who was born in Maryland in the year 1778. When at suitable pj he engaged in the blacksmith trade. This vocation commanded his attention in i.’edericktown for some time, but afterward he purchased a farm, and for a few years s 290 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : in his native State was a tiller of the soil. In 1836, he removed to Montgomery Count’ Ohio, locating in Madison Township, where he purchased 240 acres of land. His mai riage was celebrated in his, as well as his wife’s native State, prior to his removal t Ohio, her maiden name being Catherine Doup. The issue of their union was seve children, two daughters and five sons. By the time Adam had his farm in Montgomer County under good cultivation, time had bent his once strong and rugged frame, an death followed about 1856 in Germantown, where he located about 1850, both he an wife leaving the record of an upright, practical, useful and Christianlike life for imita tion. Joseph W., whose name heads this sketch, was born October 8, 1816. in th same State as his father. His education was obtained at subscription schools, and through his own exertions, laboring on his father’s farm until 1838, when he, of hi own natural adaptability, commenced the coopering trade, which he conducted one yeai thence embarked for St. Louis, via Cincinnati, locating in St. Clair County, Hi. where he thought great advantages were offered to young men ; there engaged a:> ai inexperienced hand at the carpenter trade. Subsequently, became the owner of a horse which he rode to Hagerstown, Ind., and traded for town property. This he held thirty nine years, depreciating in value 25 per cent. ikbout 1840, he engaged to the con' tractor to assist in erecting the Third street river bridge across the Great Miami ai Dayton. Soon after the completion of the bridge, he formed a partnership with hif brother Samuel, who was a contractor and builder; while thus engaged, on March 16 1843, he married Mariah Bruner, who was then nineteen years of age, and a native o Montgomery County, Ohio. To this union were given ten children. Mr. Shank fol lowed carpentering until 1847, when he resumed the vocation of farming on his father’ farm; subsequently became the owner of a fine farm, from where he removed to Ger mantown. He has been for years one of the Directors of the First National Bank o that place, of which he is now President. Mr. and Mrs. Shank have been for twenty-fiv years valuable members of the U. B. Church. GEOKGE M. SMOCK, farmer, P. 0. Germantown, was born January 20 1812, and is a son of John G. and Polly (Vanmulander) Smock, natives of New Jer sey, the former of whom died March 18, 1854. Our subject was married, January 21 1843, to Christina Crist, daughter of Michael and Mary (Loy) Crist, he a native c Maryland and she of this county, the former dying, aged eighty-four, and his wil aged sixty-eight years. Mrs. Smock’s paternal grandparents were Henry and Ohristin (Cassel) Crist, natives of Maryland, who came to Ohio in 1805 ; and her matern; grandparents, George P. and Nancy (Foster) Loy, were also early settlers of this Sfcati Her father, Michael Crist, was a blacksmith in Germantown, and he and his wife wei members of the Methodist Church. Mr. Smock is now residing in Germantown, is good citizen, kind neighbor and courteous gentleman. DANIEL B. STAVEPt, farmer, P. O. Germantown, was born in Jefferso Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, in 1814, where he resided until his marriage 1 Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob Bickle (both of Pennsylvania), when he removed to tie man Township, of which he is still a resident. To them were born the followiu children: Christina, Daniel, Rebecca and William. The parents of our subject wei Frederick and Elizabeth (Nowel) Staver. Daniel and wife are members of the Ri formed Church. In politics, he is a Democrat. He is in comfortable circumstance possessing property in Germantown and a farm of eighty-four acres three miles nort west of that town. SAMUEL STIVER, farmer, P. O. Germantown. Among the most worthy ai prominent farmers of German Township Samuel Stiver holds a leading place. In 3 SGj his parents, John and Margaret (W r olf) Stiver, natives respectively of Lancaster ai Tofiin Counties, Penn., left their native State and came to Montgomery County, Ohi settling in German Township, in the southwest part of the county. John was ot He land Dutch descent, his ancestors having come to the colonies before the Revolutions® war. He and wife lived and died in this county. The subject of this sketch was bo,® in Montgomery County, Ohio, February 21, 1816, here grew to maturity, inured ,® the trials that fell to the lot of every pioneer family, and March 4, 1841, was marriM GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 291 to Catherine Emerick, daughter of .George and Mary (Good) Emerick, the former of whom was a native of Maryland and the latter of Virginia. Mrs. Stiver was born in this county October *7, 1819, and has had six children, as follows : Benjamin M., Will- iam C., Samuel, Mary E., John A. and Sarah C., all of whom are married and have i families, excepting John A., who resides at home with his parents. Mr. Stiver owns over five hundred acres of land, three hundred and forty-six in German and one hundred and sixty-four in Jackson Township; has always been recognized as a good, isuccessful farmer, who looks carefully after his business and seldom makes mistakes in his investments. He is conservative and close in his views, a good neighbor, kind yet economical in his family, and can be safely classed as one of the representative farmers of the township. J. M. SWARTZEL, farmer, P. 0. Carlisle Station, was born in German Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, September 19, 1822. On the 2d of May, 1853, he was united in marriage to Miss Louisa Replogle, born May 10, 1835. This union was 'blessed with the following children: John, Emma, Charles, Mary, William, Frank, (Edward, Oliver, Andrew, Peter and one who died in infancy. Mr. Swartzel is a son of John C. and Elizabeth (Crist) Swartzel, natives of the State of Maryland, whence they emigrated in 1804. The father died in 1850, and the mother in 1870. The paternal grandfather of our subject was Matthias Swartzel, and that of his wife was Henry Crist. Louisa Replogle is the daughter of Daniel P. and Mary (Lewis) Replogle, now resi- dents of Defiance County, Ohio. Mr. Swartzel resides on his farm of one hundred and .wo acres of land located about two miles northwest of Carlisle Station, Warren County. FREDERICK THOMAS, farmer, Germantown P. O., is a native of Maryland, >orn in Washington County October 21, 1802, and sou of Gabriel and Christina (Wolf) Thomas, of that State, the former born in 1769 and dying in 1857. The family came to Ohio in 1804, and here our subject grew up and received his schooling. In 1846, he uarried Dinah Hetzler, born May 18, 1807, and in 1850 moved upon his present farm, if 102 acres, two and a half miles south of Germantown. He has been a member of the Jnited Brethren Church since a young man. MICHAEL TROUT, physician, Germantown, is the only survivor of a family of 'leven children, and is the son of George and Margaret (Zigler) Trout, both natives of ’ennsylvania. George, in his minor days, learned the potter trade, and afterward jcated in business on the Monongahela River, where he remained until about 1812, hen he removed to Perry County, Ohio, and continued his occupation (potter) in the (iwn of Somerset. At the close of the Indian war of 1812, he organized a militia ompany, and served as its Captain until age plainly told on his wrinkled brow and fosted hair, disabling him for parade. He was a practical and useful man in his county, ad was chosen as Associate Judge. During life he accumulated some property, and enerally was a constant and generous contributor to all worthy enterprises. He and ife trod the path of a united life -until old age bent both their frames, when they were tiled hence. Michael, whose name heads this biography, was born June 21, 1809, . Williamsport, Washington Co., Penn., and was brought to Perry County, Ohio, by (is parents, in childhood. They being located in the town of Somerset, liis educa- ; onal privileges were not so much limited as many others of that early age. In 1827, I came to Germantown, Montgomery Co., Ohio, where he taught one term of school, id has since continuously resided, except five years in Wayne County, Ind., subse- tently obtained a situation as a dry goods clerk, and during spare moments applied mself to the reading of medicine; finally, acquired a fair knowledge of the science, p this end he entered the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati and improved his vaca- >n, under the directions of Dr. Espich, who was a reliable practitioner and safe junselor. After the completion of Dr. Trout’s collegiate or lecture courses, he be- tae associated as partner with his (former) preceptor. After one year’s existence of [is firm, by mutual consent, it dissolved, and Dr. Trout continued by himself. He one among the oldest practicing physicians of Montgomery County, has withstood the j'rms of over half a century’s practice. He has been for many years a member of and ustee in the Lutheran Church, also a valuable member of the Order of I. O. O. F., 292 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: having taken nearly all the degrees. Ilis marriage was solemnized February 21, 1832, with Amelia Schwartz, who was born March 4, 1813, in Baltimore, Md., and an ex- emplary member of the Lutheran Church. Of their eleven children three survive — Isadora L., Henry S. and Theodore. WILLIAM WETZ, retired tanner, P. 0. Germantown, was born in Germany February 15, 1824, and is a son of Henry and Christina (Druck) Wetz, natives of that country, and parents of six children, five of whom are living. In 1838, William be- gan to learn the tanner’s trade, which he completed, and in 1848 emigrated to Ohio, locating at Miamisburg, where he worked at his trade four years, thence removed to Germantown, where he followed his trade until six years ago. His father died : n Germany and his mother in Ohio. Mr. Wetz was married, December 11, 1856, to Eva Muller, born December 16, 1822, and daughter of Frank and Margaret Muller, who were the parents of nine children, five of whom are living. Mr. Wetz is the father of two children, William H. and Margaret, the latter of whom died in infancy. He is now re- tired from active business in the enjoyment of what his early industry and economical habits husbanded through the passing years from youth to aged manhood. He and his wife belong to the Evangelical Association. CLINTON II. YOUNG, horse dealer, Germantown, was born near Eaton, Preble County, Ohio, November 12, 1856. Ilis parents were Henry and Elizabeth (Tell) Young, the former amative of Preble County, and by occupation a farmer; the father served the people of his township as Trustee and Clerk. The parents are members of the German Baptist Church. Our subject is one of ten children, viz. : Sarah A., Mary J., Maria, Levina, Martha, Jemima, Ella, Clinton H., Lurten E. and Edward. At the age of eighteen years, after having had the benefit of a common school educa- tion, he rented a portion of his father’s farm, and was united in marriage with Laura E., daughter of Paul Marker, July 21, 1878. Miss Marker was born in Montgomery County March 16, 1858. Mr. Marker was a member of the Lutheran Church, and died March 11, 1880. This young couple left the farm August 6, 1880, moving to Germantown, where Mr. Young engaged in the livery stable business, on Market street, but he is now engaged in trading and buying horses. They are the parents of j; one child, Lawrence 0., born August 27, 1879. LEVI ZEARING, farmer, P. 0. Germantown. The parents of this gentleman were Peter Zearing and Elizabeth Boombrake, who were married in 1816. The former was born in Lebanon County, Penn., in 1790, and in 1818 came to Ohio, and in two years later settled in Section 6, German Township of this county, where he died August 8, 1858, in his sixty-fifth year, the mother having lived until April 29, 1862, when she died at the age of seventy-three years. Our subject was born on the home- stead June 15, 1819, where he has since resided and been occupied as a farmer. He was united in marriage with Ann Maria, daughter of Barnet and Elizabeth Zearing, February 5, 1846. She was born in Warren County, November 13, 1824. To this couple was born one son, Amos, who married Mary Hildreth, and is the father of four children by name, Oscar, Eva May, Willie A. and Levi E. Our subject possesses two well-improved farms; the homestead contains 162 acres, valued at $125 per acre. Everything thereon is kept in perfect order ; the barn is large and commodious, and on the land is an extensive sugar camp of about 800 or 1,000 trees ; the other farm con- I tains 155 acres, situated about three miles south of Germantown. The homestead is reasonably well stocked, and supplied with all modern farming implements.' JOHN ZEHRING, merchant, Germantown. In the year 1725, Ludwig Zehring and family emigrated from Baden, Germany, to the American colonies, and prior to 1732 located in what afterward became Lebanon County, Penn., purchasing 130 acres from the Indians, for which he paid £20, 10s lid, and with a few others of his faitn, erected near his farm the Swataa Reformed Church, located two miles east of Jones- town, which building has long since been replaced by a more modern and commodious house of worship. Here in this county was born William Zehring, in October, 1792,! grew up under the parental roof, and in 1818 married Miss Elizabeth Garst, who was born in the same county in 1794, of which union were born five children, viz. : John, GERMAN TOWNSHIP. 293 William, Christian, Lydia, now Mrs. Binkerd of Dayton, and Barbara, now Mrs. Mil- tenbarger, of Warren County, Ohio. The farm upon which Ludwig Zehring settled is yet owned by his descendants, and from this point, in the spring of 1819, William and wife started for Ohio, locating in Butler County, near Blue Ball, where he purchased fifty acres of land, upon which he lived nine years, when he sold it at a sacrifice of $300 and bought a quarter section on Louis Bun in Jackson Township, Montgomery County, Ohio. Here he passed many years, raised his family, and embraced the faith of tne German Baptist Church, of which he ever tried to be a worthy member until his death in 1810, his latter days having been spent at his son William’s residence, in Miami County, Ind. His widow still survives him ; is in her eighty-eighth year ; makes her home with her daughter} in Warren County, and has also been a life-long member of the German Baptist Church. The subject of this sketch was born in Butler County, Ohio, January 25, 1820, receiving his education in the well-known log schoolhouse of the pioneer days, and so perseveringly did he prosecute his studies, that upon leaving school, he was competent of teaching, which he followed in the winter months, the summer being devoted to farming. Mr. Zehring was married, November 25, 1841, to Miss Nancy Snavely, a native of Lebanon County, Penn., who came to Ohio with her parents, John and Bebecca Snavely, in 1831. Of this union have been born eleven children, ten of whom are now living, and two of the sons were soldiers in the Union army, viz. : S. Perry, who enlisted in Company H, Thirty-fifth Begiment Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, at the age of sixteen, participating in all the battles of his regiment, Perry- ville, Ky., Chickamauga, Mission Bidge and Sherman’s march to Atlanta, Ga., being the most important. He served three years, and during this time, was never absent or lost a day’s service, and was mustered out at Atlanta, Ga., but soon after reaching home, he again concluded to enter the service of his country, and raised Company H, One Hun- dred and Ninety-seventh Begiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, of which he was chosen Captain, but the war ending six months subsequently, with the surrender of Lee, the regiment was mustered out of service. D. Washington Zehring enlisted in 1864, in the Signal Service, and at the close of the war, was honorably discharged. Our subject continued to teach school and farm until 1847, when, having saved a small amount of money he, in partnership with his brother William, opened a store at Farmersville, where they did a successful business until 1853, when the partnership was dissolved, and John removed to Germantown and bought the dry goods house of Stump & Gunckel, where he yet continues to do business. During his mercantile career in Germantown, he has had as partners, H. Elliott, the present Common Pleas Judge of this district, and J. S. Binkerd, of Dayton, and is, at presem, associated with his son, S. Perry, under the firm name of John Zehring & Co. Politically, Mr. Zehring was a Democrat until 1852, when he severed his connection with the Democracy, and with others of his polit- ical faith, assisted in organizing what has since been known as the Bepublican party, which principles he has since advocated. He was at one time nominated for the State Senate, to represent the counties of Montgomery and Preble, which district had previ- ously given about 800 Democratic majority, but Mr. Zehring was defeated by only seventy votes. In 1865, he was elected Justice of the Peace, which position of trust and confidence he has filled continuously up to the present. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, also of the I. O. O. F. Has always been a man of strong, yet liberal religious convictions, and an earnest worker in establishing and perpetuating Sabbath schools. He has lived a very temperate life, not even using tobacco ; retains much of his youthful vigor, has always taken an active part in all public enterprises, and is widely respected by all. 294 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. HENRY BECKER, miller; P. 0., Union. Mr. Becker is a native of Ohio; born in Montgomery County, May 18, 1816; is a son of John and Rebecca Becker. The father emigrated to this State with his parents in June, 1815, being a native of Lancaster Co., Pa. Tlid grandfather of our subject was a miller by occupation, and erected one of the early saw mills on West Branch. John Becker was also a miller, and continued the business of his father, 'which has been handed down to him whose sketch we pen. The mother’s maiden name was Hart; she died in November, 1856. The father served in the township as Trustee for a number of years, and died in December, 1857. Our subject is one of five children, four of whom are now living, viz. : Annie, Rebecca, David and Henry. The latter was united in marriage with Sarah Sliilt, in 1840, and to them were born six children, and of them Thomas, John, Isaac and Catharine are now living. JACOB E. BECKER, Prop. National Hotel; P. 0., lamton. The subject of this sketch is the son of Hemy Becker, a native of Lancaster Co., Pa. He was by occupation a farmer and shoemaker. He was united in mar- riage with Susan Snader, and as a result of this union had ten children, of whom eight are living, viz. : Susan, Solomon, Samuel. Henry, Jacob, George, j Christopher and John. In 1832 Mr. Becker moved from Pennsylvania to Ohio and purchased a farm containing 160 acres in this county near the town of Liberty, j Mr. Becker departed this life a worthy and esteemed member of the Lutheran ; Church, in 1851. Jacob E., the subject of this memoir, was born in Lancaster County, November 13, 1833, and by being studious in his habits managed to obtain a fair knowledge of all the common branches. He was employed by the neighboring farmers until the death of his father, when he returned home and took charge of the farm, remaining three years. At the age of 23 years he went to Indiana, and remained one year, and returned to Ohio and married Nancy- E. Cox, May 27, 1857. She is the daughter of John Cox, a native of this State, and was born March 10, 1840. Mr. and Mrs. Becker are the parents of four children : Charles E. , Clara and Enna are now living. After his marriage Mr. Becker followed various pursuits until he accumulated enough capital to start a restaurant at Trotwood Station, Madison Township, where he remained two years and purchased a piece of land near Miamisburgh and turned his attention to tobacco raising, which he continued cultivating for several seasons and then disposed of it and his farm and purchased 28 acres near Alexanderville, where he remained until 1872, when he made another sale and moved to Liberty and purchased a hotel, which he managed two years, and sold out and purchased a saw mill at Carrolton, and engaged in the lumber business. He soon disposed of this business and purchased the National House in Harrisburg, where he now resides. | HENRY Y. BERK, farmer; P. O., lamton, is the son of Henry Berk, Sr., a native of Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, and followed the manufacturing of linen. He married Miss Margaret Abt, a native of Prussia. They were the parents of three children. Lewis and Henry V. are now living. Mr. and Mrs. Berk both departed this life at the age of 39 years. Both were consistent members of the Lutheran Church. Henry V., Jr., the subject of this biography, was born in Hesse Darmstadt, in 1816, and was educated in English and German. He served an apprenticeship of three years, learning the cabinet trade, paying his instructor, as was the custom of that country. He worked journey work in various parts, of Europe until 1836, the time of his immigrating to America. After his arrival in the United States he located in Baltimore and engaged at his trade, remaining several months, and then came to Frederickstown, and subsequently to Vienna RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. 295 Cross roads, Clark Co., Ohio, and afterward to Dayton, Ohio, where he followed his trade. By economy and industry he was enabled, in 1857, to purchase a small farm of 28 acres, which he has, by untiring industry and temperate habits, increased to 400 acres. In 1840 he celebrated his marriage with Anna M. Glass, bom in Wurtemburg, Germany, Dec. 22, 1817. As a result of this union had eight children, viz. : Mary, Amelia, Anna, Enna, Ellen, Henry, Lewis, Theodore. Mr. and Mrs. Berk have been identified with the Lutheran Church for a number of years. DB. ALONZO BOONE, physician and surgeon; P. 0., Iamton. The sub- ject of this sketch was born in Montgomery Co., Ohio, and obtained his primary education in the common schools and attended the high school at Dayton. During the months of vacation he took a business course in the Miami Commercial College and a course in literature and elocution under Prof. Smith. After receiv- ing his diploma he entered the office of Dr. Crook, of Dayton, to prepare himself for the medical profession. He attended the lectures of the Ohio and Miami Medical Colleges of Cincinnati. He obtained his diploma and placed himself under Dr. Crum to prepare himself for the field of practice. Mr. Boone has connected himself with the Montgomery County and Ohio State Medical Societies and represented the interests of the Montgomery County Medical Society in the American Medical Association of New York city, and is at present devoting his time and attention in advancing himself in the knowledge of his profession, and has obtained a good share of the practice in the territory surrounding the village of Harrisburgh, where he resides. BENJAMIN BOWMAN, farmer; P. 0., Dayton. His father, John Bowman, was one of the pioneers of Ohio, immigrating from Bedford Co., Pa., at an early date. He was the father of seven children, two of whom survive, viz. : John and Benjamin. The subject of this biography was born in Madison Township, Mont- gomery Co., Ohio, in 1812. His advantages for obtaining an education were limited to two months in the year, which were spent in the rude log schoolhouse of that day, his father requiring , his services on the farm ; whom he assisted until he arrived at the age of 24 years. In 1836 he was united in marriage with Balinda Higher, born in Montgomery County, Oct. 22, 1816. As a result of this union had ten children, of whom six are living, viz.: John, Sarah, Joseph, Abraham, Anna, Benjamin. After his marriage he rented his father’s farm, which he culti- vated on shares until the death of his parents and then became its owner. Mr. and Mrs. Bowman have been earnest laborers in the German Baptist Church since 1843, and have won the respect and esteem of all with whom they have been brought in contact. WILLIAM H. CABL, undertaker; P. 0. Clayton. The subject of this sketch was born in Pennsylvania, Oct. 20, 1849. His father, Jacob, was united in mar- riage with Anna Thurman. They were the parents of twelve children, five daughters and seven sons, viz.: Mariah, Sarah A., Elizabeth, MaryE., Rebecca, Peter, Gabriel, Isaac, John W., and William, our subject. Mr. Carl emigrated to Ohio in 1865. William assisted his father with the duties of the farm during the days of vacation until he was at the age of 14 years, after which he worked on the neighboring farms until he was 21 years of age. In 1870 he commenced to learn the cabinet trade, which he continued in until he finished. He worked journey work in Dayton until he located in Salem, engaging in business for himself. In 1876 Mr. Carl took for wife Elizabeth , Tobias, whom he lived with two years, she being summoned by the angel of death to that rvorld whence no traveler returneth. BENJAMIN M. ENGLE, miller; P. 0., Dayton. The gentleman whose name stands at the head of this sketch is one of the staunch, energetic men that has made Montgomery County what it is to-day. His father, Jacob, was a native of Lancas- ter Co., Pa., and possessed a common school education and was brought Rp to farm labor. He was united in marriage with Anna Moyer, daughter 29() BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : of Benjamin Moyer. They were the parents of eight children, viz.: Benjamin M., Tobias, Abraham M., Jacob M., Elizabeth, Anna, Laah, Martha. Mr. Engle moved to Illinois and located in Stephenson County near Freeport, remaining two years, and on account of having bad health, returned to Ohio and settled near Little York, Butler Township, this county, where he remained until liis death in 1872. Mr. and Mrs. Engle were both members of the River Brethren Church. Benjamin, the subject of this biography, was born in Lancaster Co., Pa., March 3, 1827. He assisted his father until he was 20 years of age, and commenced battling with the world for himself, first engaging in the cultivation of tobacco. He was united in marriage with Catherine Winger, in 1851. Catherine was the daughter of Rev. Christian Winger, a native of Lebanon Co., Penn. Mr. and Mrs. Engle had eleven children, of whom nine are now living, viz. : Elizabeth, Anna, Catharine, Jennie, Effie, John H., Daniel W., Benjamin, Rolla M. He moved to Illinois with his father and engaged in farming. He accompanied his father back to Ohio and again rented of him until he associated himself with John Turner, and engaged in the manufacturing of flour, with remarkable success, soon being able to purchase the interest of Mr. Turner. Mr. Engle started in the world without anything, and by being temperate and industrious m his habits, has accumulated a large amount of property, both personal and real estate, and is now enjoying many of the comforts and luxuries of life which he has earned by the hard toil of the past years of his life. .JAMES M. EWING, farmer; P. 0., Union. James Ewing, the father of our subject, was a native of Lancaster Co., Pa., and emigrated to Kentucky, probably in 1800. From there he came to Ohio, locating in Montgomery County about the year 1806, when it was yet traversed by numerous tribes of Indians, who in their travels through his section of the country, often called and shared his kind hospitality. Mr. Ewing opened up a subscription school in a rude log cabin and taught the few children whose parents had dared to settle in that wild and unbroken country. Mr. Ewing was married to Martha McClintock, a native of Lancaster, Pa. They were the parents of eleven children, of whom three are now living, viz.: Margaret, Martha and James M., the subject of this biography. He was born in Montgomery County, April 3, 1819. He assisted his father in tilling the soil, receiving his education by taking advantage of the evening hours. He chose as a partner for life Mary J. Akins, and was the father of two sons, viz. : John E. and Joshua. At the death of his father he came by the home farm, and has since added a considerable amount to it. Mr. Ewing has been a worthy and consistent member of the M. E. Church for the past twenty years. HENRY FULKERTH, farmer; P. O., Union, is the son of Samuel Fulkerth, one of the old pioneers of Montgomery County. Samuel was a carpenter by trade, and moved from Maryland to Pennslyvania with his parents. He was united in marriage with Susan Warner, and as a result of this union had six children, of whom four are now hving^viz. : Catharine, Samuel, John, Henry. In 1809 Mr. Fulkerth moved to Ohio and settled in Montgomery County, where the whoop of the red man rang through the forest, carrying terror to the homes of the men that dared the frontier. The county abounded in every species of game, from the fish to the otter, from the squirrel to the couger and bear. The scream of the “panther” and the squall of the wild cat mingled with the sweet song of the » thrush, and the howl of the wolf drowned the melodious notes of the mocking bird, while stolid Bruin roamed the woods with no ear for music except the squeal- ing of the pioneer hog. The rifle was an inmate of every household, in the use of which Mr. Fulkerth became very familiar and was very solicitous in keeping it in perfect working | condition, as the meats which graced his pine table were the inhabitants of the forest that fell under his unerring aim, and his first crop of corn was cultivated with the rifle close at hand. Henry, the subject of this biography, was bom RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. 297 in Pennsylvania, July 5, 1809, and came to Ohio with his parents in his infancy. He assisted his father until he was 24 years of age,, spending his nights by the home fireside pursuing his studies. He labored on the neighboring farms until his father presented him with 160 acres of land in Darke Co., Ohio. He immediately went to work with an indomitable will to clear it up and put it under cultivation. In 1830 he celebrated his marriage with Catharine Sebard, and as a result of this union had eleven children, of whom four survive, viz: Nancy A., Susan, Jane, William. Mr. Fulkerth added many valuable improvements to the farm, and at the death of his father he disposed of it and purchased the home farm, and has since added many material improvements. In 1876 Mrs. Fulkerth departed quietly into the next world, esteemed by all with whom she came in contact. AND HEW GILLIAM, farmer; P. 0., Clayton. The gentleman whose name stands at the head of this sketch is a son of William Gilliam, who was a native of Rockingham Co., Va. He emigrated to Ohio in 1834 and settled in Montgomery County. He was united in marriage with Anna Rife, and as a result of this union had ten children, of whom six are now living, viz. : Mary, Francis, Amanda, Sidney E., Jonathan and Andrew, our subject. Andrew was born in Montgomery Co., Ohio, April 20, 1840. He secured a common school education and at the age of 20 years took for wife Elizabeth Nicely, and celebrated their marriage Feb. 19, 1860. Mrs. Gilliam was the daughter of Jacob Nicely, one of the old pioneers of Montgomery County. He was born in Dauphin Co., Pa., in 1802 and was married to Charlotte Longinecker in 1828. They were the parents of two children, of whom Mrs. Gilliam is the survivor. Mr. Nicely came by part of his father's farm, which he sold in 1832 and came to Ohio and purchased 220 acres near Salem, Randolph Township. Mr. Nicely is a worthy member of the German Baptist Church, and by his exemplary habits has won the respect and esteem of all who know him. Mr. Gilliam, the subject of this sketch, is the father of five children. Anna is the only one living. Mr. Gilliam rented his father-in- law’s farm and gave his attention to its cultivation, and stock raising. He has since, by hard labor and industry, become proprietor of it. Mr. and Mrs. Gilliam are both consistent members of the German Baptist Church, and have taken deep interest in the cause of religion. SAMUEL HAWKINS, physician; P. O., Union. His father, John, was a native of Shenandoah County, Va., and came to Ohio and located at Spring Valley, Green Co., Ohio, where he continued the honorable occupation of tilling the soil. He celebrated his marriage with Mary Penyweigh, in 1818. Six children were the result of this union. Samuel, the subject of this memoir, is the only one who survives. He was born in Green Co., Ohio, Jan. 2, 1819, and received his primary education in the common Schools and assisted his father until he was 28 years of age, the time of his commencing preparation for entering the medical profession. He placed himself under Dr. Cable, of Bellbrook, until 1842, when he took a course of lectures and was able to enter the field of practice in 1843. He opened up an office in Union, Randolph Township, this county, and has continued practicing with remarkably good success until the present, a term comprising a period of thirty-seven years. Mr. Hawkins took for wife Mary A. Andrews, and as a result of this union had eight children, of whom six are now living, viz.: Jennie, Permelia, Celia, Georgia, Addie, John A. Dr. H. is now past sixty years of age, and of course the most active part of his life is spent, but he furnishes a good example for the future generation to follow. CHRISTIAN HERR, farmer; P. O. Iamton. Samuel Herr, the father of our subject, was a native of , Cumberland Co., Pa., and possessed a common school education, and in early manhood learned the tanning trade, which he fol- lowed successfully until he purchased 80 acres of land, and then turned his atten- tion to his farm. He was married to Miss Frances Long, daughter of Abraham 1 Long, a native of Pennsylvania. They were the parents of ten children, six of whom are now living, viz: Mary, Sarah, Eliza, Samuel, John and Christopher. 298 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: In 1830 Mr. Herr disposed of his farm and came to Ohio, and settled temporarily in Chambersburgh, Butler Township, Montgomery Co. He purchased a farm near Harrisburgh, Randolph Township, where he remained until his death, in 1868. Christian, the subject of this sketch, was born Feb. 12, 1830, in Lebanon Co., Pa. He obtained a common school education, and assisted his father until he was 21 years of age, when be commenced life for himself by renting land of his father on shares, and had remarkable success, soon being able to purchase 133 acres of his father. In 1857 he took for wife Caroline Sheets, daughter of Henry Sheets, Mrs. Herr living only 15 months after her marriage. Mr. Herr married for his second wife Julia Huffer. They were the parents of four children, viz: Susan, Mary E., Charles E., and John C. Mr. Herr is a member of the Brethren in Christ, and Mrs. Herr is a consistent member of the German Baptist Church, and both are taking a deep interest in the cause of religion. MRS. MARY HERR, widow of Samuel N. Herr; P. 0., Union; farmer, Samuel N. Herr was born in Lancaster Co., Pa., Jan. 27, 1805; was the possessor of a limited education, and during the early part of his manhood days worked at the carpenter trade; wishing to change his occupation, turned his attention to fam- ing. lie was united in marriage to Miss Maiy Bowman. By their union there were born unto them three children ; but two are now living, one son, Henry, born July 30, 1837, and one daughter, Susannah, born March 29, 1836. Mr. Herr emi- grated to Ohio in the year 1850, and located in Montgomery County, purchased a farm of Mr. Henry Baugliraboy, improving his farm by erecting several valuable buildings. The hand of affliction was laid on Mr. Herr, the typhoid fever being in tercepted by other diseases. After a short illness he departed this life in the spring of 1875, beloved by all who knew him. The subject of this sketch was born in Lan- caster Co., Pa., Sept. 14, 1803, and most of her girlhood days were. spent spinning flax, that linen in those days were made of, and wool into yarn for stockings, attending to the numerous other domestic duties connected with the life of a farmer’s daughter, until she arrived at the age of 29 years. Then was united in mar- riage and commenced anew in life in her own house. Emigrating to Ohio with her husband, providing her with another home, until Time, with his sickle, entered the peaceful dwelling of Mrs. Herr, and took from her the companion of her bosom. The farm being divided, the son, Henry, fell heir to the one-half, and Susannah, now Mrs. Krug, the other half. Mrs. Herr at this writing is in her 78th year, and is able to attend to a great many of her household duties. Her son Henry is trying to add to the comforts of his widowed mother, being now in his 43d year; has never united in marriage; being educated at the common district schools; is a farmer by occupation. His farm yielding him 20 bushels of wheat and 50 bushels of corn to the acre, and other products in proportion. He takes great pride in raising Poland China breed of liogs, success crowning his labors as a stock-raiser. HR. GEORGE W. HOUS, P. O., Clayton; physician, was born in Mont- gomery Co., July 5, 1849. His father, Andrew, was born in Preble Co., Ohio, in 1820, and was united in marriage with Mary Richard, daughter of Joseph Richard. They were the parents of four children, viz: Joseph, George W., Elizabeth and Sarah. George W., our subject, received his primary education in the common schools, and took a scientific course in the Ohio Normal School, and graduated in a medical course in the Ohio Medical College in 1877, and entered the field of practice in Pyrmont, remaining until 1878, when he moved to Salem, where he has been practicing with good success until the present. JOHN HYRE, farmer, P. O., Little York, is the son of Daniel Hyre, and was born in Montgomery Co., Ohio, August 15, 1832. Daniel, his father, was a native of North Carolina, and at the age of six years came to Ohio with his parents, and settled in this county. By occupation was a carpenter, and by hard labor and industry accumulated enough means to purchase 120 acres of land. Mr. Hyre and i| Miss Sarah Stouder were united in marriage and had nine children, seven of whom are now living, viz: Sarah, Lavina, Ellen, Barbara, John, Henry C. and Alfred. RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. 299 Mr. and Mrs. Hyre are both worthy members of the German Baptist Church, and have taken a deep interest in the cause of religion for upwards of forty years. Our subject, .John, was educated in the common schools, and at the age of 21 years went to Indiana and rented 40 acres of land of his uncle, paying two-thirds of the crop as rent. He remained in Indiana one year and came back to Ohio, and rented of his father three years, and again went West and remained six months. In 1856 he celebrated his marriage with Miss Martha Davis. She was born Dec. 81, 1835. They are the parents of five children, viz: Edgar D., George, Arthur, Clara and Hattie. Mr. Hyre continued farming; rented land until 1867, when he purchased a farm of his father, which he continued farming until the present, and has added many valuable improvements. JACOB IAMS, manufacturer, P. 0., Iamton, was bom April 27, 1830. His. father, Ely, was a native of Green Co., Pa., and emigrated to Ohio in 1820, and purchased a farm near the present site of Trotwood, Madison Township. He celebrated his marriage with Phoebe Heckathorn, and as a result of this union had eleven children, seven of whom are living at present. Mr. lams being a gentleman of very exemplary habits, was elected Justice of the Peace of his town- ship. The responsibilities of this office were discharged by its holder to the satis- faction of all concerned for several successive terms. The educational advantages of Jacob, our subject, were limited, his school days being included in a very few months, but by applying his leisure time at nights to his books, managed to obtain a good knowledge of all the common branches. At the age of 20 years he engaged in teaching school, and accumulated enough money to start himself in the business of manufacturing spokes, hubs and felloes, which he continued in until he failed, during the panic of 1872 and 1873, after which he engaged in teaching school and running a saw and planing mill that he had previously purchased in the village of Harrisbiu’gli, Montgomery Co., Ohio. As an evidence of the esteem in which he was held in the community where he lived, was elected to the office of Justice of the Peace, and discharged the duties of that office with credit to himself until the expiration of a term, comprising a period of twelve years. In 1871 he took for wife Charlotte Sanders, daughter of Bichard Sanders. This union was blessed with three children, viz: Elsie V., Mary B. and Alvin. REV. SAMUEL KINSEY, Minister and Nurseryman, Kinsey Station. The gentleman whose name heads this sketch, is a son of Joel and Elizabeth Kinsey. His father was a native of Virginia, and came to this State, when quite young, with his parents, who located in Montgomery County. He received such education as was at that early day available, and, after working the farm with his father until he became of age, he united himself in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Brumbaugh, by whom he had three children, viz., Samuel, our subject, Noah and Lydia. He then moved to Williams County, Ohio, where he remained but a short time, when he again moved to Miami County. Here he was taken sick, and after a short illness, entered that last long sleep which knows no waking in this life forever. His grief-stricken widow disposed of the property, and, with the children, returned to the home of her childhood. Her son, Samuel, the subject hereof, who was born May 26, 1832, went to live with his uncle, Levi Kinsey. When sixteen years old, his uncle moved to Indiana, and he commenced learning the carpenter trade with Emanuel Flory, continuing this one year, at which time he was able with some financial assistance from his friends, to go to Indiana, and there ply his trade in his own behalf. Success here crowned his efforts, and he was soon enabled to pay back the money advanced by his friends, and shortly afterward to buy three acres of land. On this he erected a building, and, in partnership with one Jacob Spitler, purchased a full stock of dry goods, groceries, etc., with which he opened a general store. Shortly afterward, he had a post office established in the town of his adoption, Bloom- field, but not being sufficiently remunerated by the profits of his store, he continued at his trade, cabinet-making, contracting and building. In April 23. 1852, he came to Ohio, and was united in marriage to Miss Barbara Nead, who was born in 1832, and 300 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: daughter of Rev. Peter Nead. By this union he was blessed with the following chil- dren, to wit: Almira, born April 7, 1853 ; Mary, born August 2, 1854; Cynthia, born September 9, 1856 ; Clarinda, born January 19, 1858 ; William N., born July 17, 1859 ; Lydia, born December 23, 1860 ; Sarah, born October 24, 1862; Ellen, born Novem- ber 3, 1863; Charles P., born February 28, 1870; Jessie E., born June 14, 1873; Allen V., born February 26, 1875, and two others, who are dead. In the year 1870, he, with the assistance of his father-in-law, established a monthly paper called the Vindicator , which is published in the interest of the Old German Baptist faith. After his marriage, he, with his wife, returned to Indiana, but in two years, or in 1854, he disposed of his property and purchased forty acres of improved land, in Whitley County, in the same State, which he rented to tenants, while he plied his trade. He remained here one year, and then, at the request of his wife’s father, he returned to Ohio and took charge of Mr. Nead’s farm, which he farmed on shares, receiving one-third of the proceeds for his labor. Having abandoned the idea of returning to Indiana, he sold his farm in that State and bought fifty acres adjoining his fatherinlaw’s of a Mr. Basores. To this he added more from time to time, until 1879, when he found that economy, industry and frugality, had gained for him a farm of 200 acres. Being interested in horticulture, he commenced the propagation of fine fruit trees, vines and plants, on a small scale, doing his own grafting, budding and trimming. His trees began to have a reputation for quality throughout the neighborhood, then the State, and now he is shipping them to all parts of the Union, selling large quantities annually. He has met with some competition in his new business, but has always held his own, and to-day he knows no such thing as opposition. In 1866, having sixty acres of fruit trees demanding his attention, he took in Mr. Gaines as a partner, hut this combination was discontinued, and his son William, with Mr. George Yount and Benjamin J. Miller, sons-in-law, attend to this part of his business. During the building of the Toledo, Delphos & Burlington Railway, Mr. Kinsey had a station located near his nurseries. It was named after him, and is now a ship- ping point of no mean dimensions. In addition to his nurseries here, Mr. K. is con- nected as partner in a large nursery of seventy-seven acres, under the management of Mr. Zubrum, of Whitley County, Ind. (near Columbia City), from which thousands of trees are shipped to the West, North and South. In order to supply the demands for their apple trees, they are obliged to plant from fifteen to twenty-five bushels of seeds 1 each season. Mr. K. and his estimable wife are both earnest and consistent members of the Old German Baptist Church, of which he is now a minister, having been chosen )j to fill that important office by the members of his congregation. He is also the editor of the Vindicator , which has before been referred to. The life of this man surely incii- cates the great ends that may be attained by honesty, industry and economy. Ji FRANKLIN KLEPINGER, farmer; P. O., Little York. The subject of this biography is the son of John KJepinger, who came to Ohio with his parents and located in Montgomery County. After serving an apprenticeship at the carpenters trade, he accompanied his parents to Indiana, where he remained one year, and ( returned to Ohio and celebrated his marriage with Elizabeth Boyer. They were the parents of six sons and two daughters, viz: Franklin, Newton, Samuel, Harvey, John, Oliver, Matilda and Harriet. Soon after his marriage he purchased 50 acres of land and gave his attention to agricultural pursuits. By hard labor j he accumulated quite a large amount of property, both personal and real. Mr. Klepinger departed this life Dec. 7, 1880. He was a member of the German Baptist Church, and his exemplary habits won the esteem of a large circle of friends. The subject of this sketch was born in this county, Randolph Township, Aug. 23, 1832. He obtained an ordinary education and served an apprenticeship at the carpenter’s trade, which he followed until he was 30 years af age, and then purchased 62 acres of land. May 25, 1862, he took for wife Anna Hisey, and as j| a result of this union had three children ; David is now living. Mrs. Klepinger departed this life in the spring of 1866. After the death of his wife, Mr. Klepinger RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. 301 rented liis farm, and put his children under the care of his mother, and returned to his trade, which he followed until 1868, at which date he married his second wife, Miss Anna D. Syler. This union was blessed with five children; one daughter and three sons are now living, viz: Aaron W., John A. and Warren T. After his marriage he returned to his farm, which he has increased to 225 acres. Mr. and Mrs. Klepinger are both members of the German Baptist Church, and their children are co-workers with their parents in the cause of religion. JEREMIAH KOPP, farmer; P. 0., Iamton. Among the gentlemen that we are pleased to mention in the pages of this work is Jeremiah Kopp, horn in Lebanon Co., Pa., April 9, 1823. His father, John, was a native of the same county, and followed the occupation of blacksmith. He was united in marriage with Mary Bender, and as a result of this union had eight children, of whom four daughters and two sons survive, viz: Lavina, Elizabeth, Catharine. Margaret, John and Jeremiah. Mr. Kopp emigrated to Ohio and located in Randolph Township, this coimty, in 1825. He purchased a farm containing 96 acres, covered with a dense growth of timber, which he rented, and engaged at his trade, which he followed until he had to give it up on account of the effect that the heat had on his eyes. He turned his attention to farming, which he followed until his death, in 1871. Mr. and Mrs. Kopp were both members of the Lutheran Church, and departed this life the same year. Jeremiah, the subject of this sketch, obtained an ordinary education, and at the age of eighteen years engaged in the vocation of tanning, which he continued following as a journeyman at various places, until 1844, when he commenced business for himself, on the Dayton and Union Pike, remaining until 1847, and moved to Indiana and located at New Columbus, Mad- ison Co., where his family was all taken down with chills and fever, which he battled with until 1850, when he came to Ohio, and turned his attention to farm- ing, renting land of his father. He continued farming some years, when he moved to Phillipsburgh, where he was engaged in the hotel business until 1867, and came to Harrisburgh, Randolph Township, and run the National House until 1873, when he purchased a farm one-half mile south of Harrisburgh, and erected a dwelling, in which he has resided until the present. Mr Kopp was married to Hannah G. Boder, born April 9, 1826. They were the parents of two children, viz: Margaret A., born May 5, 1845, and Franklin P., August 22, 1855. DAYID D. LANDIS, farmer, P. 0., Clayton, is the son of John Landis, who was a native of Lancaster Co., Pa., born Nov. 17, 1804. He served an apprentice- ship under his father, learning the carpenter and cabinet trade. He was united in marriage with Sarah Daugharty, a native of Pennsylvania, horn Dec. 9, 1809. They were the parents of ten children, eight of whom are now living, viz : Mary, Anna, Catharine, Sarah, Ezrael, John, David D. and William. Mr. Landis emigrated to Ohio in 1833, and purchased a farm, containing 80 acres, in this (Montgomery) county, which he cultivated, in connection with the butchering business. By temperate and industrious habits increased it to 144 acres. Mr. Landis was summoned out of this world by the angel of death Sept. 15, 1868. He was an esteemed member of the German Baptist faith for a number of years. David, the subject of this sketch, was born in this (Randolph) township Nov. 11, 1845. He acquired an ordinary education, and at the age of 21 years commenced life for himself by renting a piece of land and giving his attention to agricultural pursuits. In 1866 he married Miss Eliza Christian, daughter of John C. Christian. In 1869 he moved to Illinois and rented a piece of land near Lincoln, Logan Co., remaining two years, when his health failed and he returned to Ohio and rented the farm he now resides on. Mr. and Mrs. Landis have both been worthy and con- sistent members of the German Baptist Church since 1870. FURMAN K. PAULY, farmer, P. O., Clayton. Samuel Pauly, his father, was born in Montgomery Co., Ohio, Dec. 24, 1804. Mr. Pauly was one of those j staunch, energetic pioneers whose father had dared to place himself out on the frontier when the war-whoop of the then hostile redman rung through the woods 302 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: and carried terror to the few families that had settled in the deep forests of the Buckeye State. Samuel Pauly passed through the usual routine incidents of a pioneer’s boyhood days, and was united in marriage with Arminda Snook, daughter of John Snook, a native of New Jersey. Mr. and Mrs. Pauly were the parents of ten children, of "whom five are now living, viz : Arminda, Rebecca, Phoebe, Anna and Furman, the subject of this memoir, who was horn in Warren Co., Ohio, Aug- 14, 1832. He obtained a common-school education and assisted his father until 1857, when he went to Kansas and was taken down with fever; he returned home and remained until he regained his health, and then went to Missouri and located at Hannibal, engaging in the grocery business until 1858, when his health again failed him and he returned home and turned his attention to farming, which he continued until 1863, when he enlisted in the 37tli Regiment Ky. V.,as 4th Corporal. During his term of service he participated in the battle at Mt. Sterling, Cyntliikna, Ky., and was honorably discharged in 1864, with his health very much impaired from exposure. Pie came back to Lebanon, Warren Co., and associated himself with his cousin, Mr. John Pauly, in the grocery business, remaining until the summer of 1866, the time of the breaking out of the oil fever. He disposed of his interests in the grocery and went to Petroleum Station, West Va., remaining several weeks, prospecting and boring without success, and came to Montgomery County in the spring of 1867. He was appointed Storekeeper at several of the distilleries for the Government. Mr. Pauly was united in marriage with Phoebe Turner, and as a result of this union had four children, of whom two daughters are now living — Myrtle I. and Naomi. GEORGE W. PURCELL, manufacturer, P. 0., Union His father, Thomas, was a native of Prince William Co., Va., and was united in marriage with Anna R. Young. Eight children were born to bless this union, four sons and four daughters. James and George W. are living at the time of this writing. Thomas emigrated to Ohio in 1852, locating in Morrow County, where he remained until his death in 1857. George W., the subject of this sketch, obtained a fair educa- tion, and assisted his father with the duties of the farm until he arrived at the age of 19 years. In 1861 he answered the call of Lincoln for 75,000 men and enlisted in the 20tii Regiment Ohio V. I. in the three months service. At the expiration of this term of service, he re-enlisted in the 43d Regiment Ohio V. I., and was promoted to the position of Corporal and subsequently to the position of Duty Sergeant, Orderly Sergeant and Sergeant Major, after which he was commissioned Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant; from that to Captain in command of his company. During his term of service he was engaged in the battles at New Madrid, Shiloh, Corinth, Island No. 10 and Resaca, and was with Sherman in his march to the sea. In 1864 he was appointed Hospital Commissary by Geu. McPherson, where he remained until he received his discharge, after which he came to Union, Montgomery Co., and associated himself with Dr. S. Hawkins and commenced the manufacturing of tile. He took for wife Anna Hawkins, daughter of Dr. S. Hawkins, and celebrated their marriage in 1865, and as a result of this union had four children, viz: Samuel B., Charles F., George V., Albert 11. As an evidence of the popularity and esteem with which he was held in the com- munity where he lived, he was elected a member of the School Board in a special district, and was elected Treasurer of the Board. He filled that position to the satisfaction of all concerned for a term comprising a period of six years, after which he was elected Assessor of his township. In 1878 he was elected Commissioner of Montgomery County, and discharged the duties of that office to the public acceptance and credit to himself for one term. MARY RASOR, farmer, P. O., Iamton, is the widow of David Rasor and daughter of Samuel Herr, whose biography appears in this work. She was bom in Lancaster Co., Pa., Oct. 6. 1819; came to Montgomery County with her parents in 1830, -who purchased a farm in the vicinity of Harrisburg; her early life was passed at home in assisting her mother with the household duties. A spinning RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. 308 wheel then graced the home, and the daughter was apt in the art of spinning and weaving. She was united in marriage to Mr. Rasor Nov. 20, 1838, and to them were born the following children: Lavinia, Aug. 31, 1839; Samuel, June 6, 1841; Josiah, Dec. 8, 1844; Daniel B., March 16, 1848; David, Sept. 1, 1851 and Harvey, March 14, 1856. Her husband was a native of Montgomery County, born March 80, 1817 ; learned the cooper’s trade, which occupation he followed for many years in the manufacture of barrels for the numerous mills and distilleries then located on the hanks of the Stillwater. In later years, after his marriage, he operated, in connection with his father, a sawmill, owned by the latter, and in a few years, through habits of industry and economy, became possessor of the mill. He w r as success fulin this line of business, and later purchased the farm belonging to his father. Botl our subject and her husband were members of the Church of the United Brethre; in Christ, to which organization she still clings, worshiping at the Riverside Church. Her husband died May 1, 1863, beloved by all who knew him. The widow now resides in the town of Harrisburg, where she has erected a fine residence, leaving the farm in the spring of 1880, having rented it to her sons. DANIEL RINEHART, farmer, P. 0., Union. His father, Jacob, was anative of Virginia, and came to Ohio in 1815, and settled in Preble County, near Win- chester. He was united in marriage with Susanna Brown. They were the parents of nine children, of whom four sons and three daughters are now living, viz : Enoch, John, Daniel, Elizabeth, Fannie, Susanna and Mary. Mrs. Rinehart departed this life in 1854, and Mr. Rinehart soon followed. They were both members of the German Baptist Church. Daniel, the subject of this sketch, was born in Virg ini a, August, 1812. He obtained an ordinary education, and at the age of 23 years he commenced life for himself by renting a piece of land and giving his attention to agricultural pursuits, which he continued three years, paying his rent by giving a share of the products. In 1839 he celebrated his marriage with Esther Bran- denbaugh, daughter of Henry Brandenbaugh. They had ten children, of whom sis are now living, viz: Jacob, John, Henry, Noah, Saraband Hannah. Mr. Rinehart continued farming, renting land of his brother, remaining four years, and purchased a farm, containing 104 acres, and has since added by hard labor and industry and the assistance of his good wife, 50‘acres, making in all 154 acres, all under a high state of cultivation, and has added many material improvements, and they are now enjoying the comforts and luxuries of hfe, earned by many years of toil. They are both worthy members of the German Baptist Church, and the children have been co-workers with the parents in the cause of religion. WILLIAM M. ROGERS, farmer; P. O., Clayton. Among the descendants of the old pioneer families, that we are pleased to mention in the pages of this work, is William M. Rogers, bom in Pendleton Co., Ky., August 15, 1835. His father, Jacob, was a native of New Jersey, born Dec. 19, 1808. Jacob’s educational advantages were very limited, but by devoting all his leisure time during his early life to his studies, and by profound reading and continued reflection, gathered a mass of information. In 1820 his mother was left a widow, and Jacob worked on the neighboring farms, and contributed his small earning to the support of his mother. They moved to Pennsylvania and remained eight years, when they were persuaded by the excellent advantages and inducements that were offered by the Buckeye State, to settle within its boundaries. They found a location that pleased them in Clermont County, and entered a small farm covered with timber, and erected a new log cabin of round, unhewn logs, and soon had part of then ground under cultivation. Mr. Rogers was married to Mary A. Tuston, in 1829. Nine children were the result of this union. Mrs. Jennie Miller, George, Joseph, Charles and William, are now living. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Rogers moved down into Kentucky, and settled in Pendleton County, where he accumulated quite a large amount of property, both personal and real. In 1843 he moved far ! out into the frontier, and settled in Missouri, remaining two unsuccessful years, ! and returned to Clermont Co., Ohio, in 1848. He continued there until 1864, 304 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: when he located where he now resides, in this (Montgomery) county. Our subject, William, was educated in the common schools, and brought up to farm labor, remaining with his father until he was 18 years of age, after which he followed various pursuits until 1860. He was united in marriage with Maria L. , Turner, August 10, 1860. This union was blessed with four children, of whom (two are living, viz : Eenna and Effie. Mr. Rogers continued in the occupation of farming until 1868, when he engaged in the general merchandise business, which he fol- lowed two years, ^disposed of his stock, and came to Dayton, and carried on the wholesale tobacco and liquor business, until he was compelled to sell out on account of having endorsed a note for a friend, and had it to pay. He came to Salem, and again engaged in farming, which he has continued in until the present. DAVID SHAW, grain dealer; P. 0., Union. The gentleman ivliose name stands at the head of this sketch, is the son of Solomon Shaw, who was a native of Cumberland Co., Pa., and emigrated to Ohio, and located in Montgomery County, near Union, Randolph Township, in 1848. By occupation was a stone mason, which he followed in connection with the farm, until 1857, when he moved to Iowa. Mr. Shaw took for wife, Susan Strone, daughter of George Strone. Two sons were the result of this union, viz: George and David. The subject of this memoir was born in Pennsylvania, March 15, 1833, and came to Ohio with his father, Ait the age of 15 years. He obtained a common school education, and in 1851 he went to work at the carpenter’s trade, which he continued in until 1850. He was united in marriage with Sarah Herr, in 1855. Seven children were bom to bless this union, of whom two sons and two daughters survive, viz: Mary J., Frances, Edwin and William. Soon after his marriage he purchased his father-in- law’s farm, which he sold in a short time, and purchased 80 acres in Darke County, where he remained five months and disposed of it at a small advance, and located Jj his family near Harrisburgh, and went to Iowa to try and find a genial opening for business. Failing to find any point that he looked on with favor, he returned home and cultivated rented land until 1864, when he purchased a farm near Union. In 1866 he re-visited the West, traveling in Kansas and Iowa, with the J hope of finding a good location. Being disappointed the second time, he returned home with the intention of spending the balance of his days in the Buckeye State. In 1880 he built a grain elevator, with a capacity for 20,000 bushels of grain, and j; is running a saw mill in connection with it, and is doing a large and extensive business. SAMUEL SHELLABARGER, farmer; P. O., Union. The subject of this j sketch was born in Juniata Co., Pa., Feb. 23, 1809, and is a son of John and Salona (Rush) Shellabarger, who were the parents of eight children, of whom our subject is the only one now living. His early life was devoted to farming, remain- ing upon the farm of his father until 20 years of age, during which time iiis schooling was limited to two months each year, his leisure hours being devoted to a close application to his studies, the scriptures being one of his favorite studies. At 20 years of age he was apprenticed to learn the trade of tanner, serving until he mastered the same. In 1832 he came Ohio, locating in Clark County, where he followed the business of tanning successfully for six years. He then engaged in the mercantile business at Covington, Miami Co., for several years, and in 1844 closed out his dry( goods business and purchased his present place, where he has since resided. He now owns 183 acres of land, the productiveness of which can be estimated by the large crops of wheat, corn and other products raised by him each year. Mr. Shellabarger ]was united in marriage to Elizabeth, daughter of John Ward. She was born in Perry Co., Ohio, Oct. 14, 1816. Mr. and Mrs. Shellabarger were the parents of twelve children, of whom six now survive, viz: Enos, Malon, Newton, Margaret, Mary and Harriet. In 1846 Mr. Shellabarger united with the German Baptist Church, of which he has been an exemplary member for a period of thirty-five years, having for many years served the same as deacon and teacher. WEBSTER S. SMITH, physician; P. O., Clayton. The gentleman whose RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. 305 name stands at the head of this biography was bom in Montgomery County, Nov. 13, 1856. His father, Isaac, was a native of Lancaster Co., Pa., and emigrated to Ohio and settled in Dayton, engaging in the business of contracting and building, which he followed until 1861, the breaking out of the rebellion. Mr. Smith was among the first volunteers, enlisting in the 66th Regt., 111. Yol. Inf., known as “Burgs’ Sharp Shooters,” and served three years. Soon after receiving his discharge was united in marriage with Phoebe Wellbaum, daughter of Christian Wellbaum. They were the parents of two sons, viz : Harry and Webster S. Our subject received his primary education in the common schools, and graduated in the high school of Dayton. He engaged in teaching school and spent the days of vacation in the office of Dr. John Davis, preparing himself for the medical profession. He attended the lectures of the Ohio Medical College, receiving his diploma March 2, 1880, and commenced the practice of medicine in the village of Salem. SAMUEL SMITH, farmer; P. 0., Kinsey Station; was born in Lebanon Co., Pa., Dec. 17, 1810. His father, Christian, was a native 'of the same county, and spent his early life as miller. After his marriage with Barbara Gingerrick, he engaged in farming, which he has continued in since. He was the father of eight children, of whom sis survive, viz : Christina, Catherine, Henry, Chiistian, Abra- ham and Samuel, the subject of this biography. Samuel’s educational advantages were limited. He worked on the neighboring farms until he was 18 years of age, when he apprenticed himself to a shoemaker to learn that occupation, and served three years, when he returned to his farm and remained tw T o years. In 1833 he ; started for Ohio-and located in Wooster, engaging at his trade, serving Jonathan Montgomery. After remaining in Wooster a few months, he came to Dayton, and located in Miami City, and commenced business for himself. In 1837 he was united in marriage with Catharine Famey. They were the parents of eight children, six of whom are now living, viz: Emaline, Amanda, Adaline, Mary, Mahala, Eliza, Joseph and Charles, By economy and industry Mr. Smith pur- , chased 80 acres of land in Mercer County, covered with timber. He moved from Miami City to Randolph Township, and purchased five acres in what was called at that time the Warner settlement, where he built up an excellent trade, and remained eight years, when he disposed of his property at an advance and moved to Indiana and settled in Wayne County, on 43 acres of land that he had previously pur- chased. He run the farm in connection with his trade five years, disposed of it, and returned to Montgomery Co., and purchased the farm where he now resides, containing 43 acres. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have both been members of the church since 1844. EMOR E. SMITH, farmer; P. O., Union. The father of our subject, Thomas J. Smith, was born in Lexington, Rockbridge Co., Va., Aug. 16, 1815. Being deprived by death of his father when quite young, like many others, was left to make the best he could of life. When he became old enough, he bound himself 1 as an apprentice to the trade of harness and saddle making for five years ; serving his time, he emigrated in company with his mother and sister to Ohio, in 1838, locat- ing in Montgomery County, and commenced to manufacture harness and saddles in connection with keeping hotel. Was united in marriage July 26, 1841, to Miss Nancy E., Sheets, born m Montgomery Co., Ohio, July 1, 1823, daughter of Martin Sheets, one of the first settlers of Randolph Township, who cut his way through from Dayton, clearing the underbrush and trees, to where he located :on the banks of Stillwater river, one-fourth of a mile from Union. By the union jof Mr. Smith and Miss Sheets there were born unto them two children, one son, jtlie subject of this sketch; one daughter, Lora A., at this writing Mrs. Guye, born Aug. 9, 1850. Wishing to change his occupation after he became the head ,of a family, Mr. Smith embarked in the dis tillin g business, remaining in it for eight jyears. The price of highwines commenced to decline, and Mr. Smith again took jup the first pursuits of his life, that of manufacturing saddles and harness. He departed this life March 8, 1879; his widow still survives him at this writing, T ' 306 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : residing at the residence Mr. Smith built, northwest corner of Main and First streets. The subject of this sketch was bom in Union, Montgomery Co., Ohio, May 11, 1842. Having had the advantage of a common school education in the days of his youth, and was put in charge of his father’s distillery at the age of 15 years, under trying circumstances, financially. By shrewd management young Smith soon had the business placed on a sound financial basis and entered into business for himself, stocking his pens with hogs and his distillery with grain. In 1862, during the days of the Rebellion, with the uncertainty of the government taxes, in seven months’ time realized $ 22, 000; having at one time to raise $10,000 at three days’ notice, for government taxes. Mr. Smith raised the sum required, which was considered quite an effort for one so young in business, being under age. Donated $800 to the government and furnished a substitute to help carry on the war. Mr. Smith has been connected with many of the projects of public improvements throughout the county and township in which he resides, being one of the first seven men who proposed the Toledo, Delphos & Burlington R. R. He has been chosen to serve in several offices in his township, and at this wilting is serving his community as Clerk of Township, representing the county in Con- gressional convention. Was united in marriage May 12, 1864, to Miss Amanda Smith, born in Montgomery Co., Ohio, Dec. 21, 1839, daughter of Samuel Smith. By their union there was born unto them one daughter, Wealthy, born Feb. 11, 1868, and departed this life Nov. 11, 1870. After the death of their daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Smith adopted Minnie M. Shanck, born March 5, 1868, having been with them at this writing seven years. Mr. Smith is in the prime of life, and possesses the business knowledge and qualifications of a man of 60 years. JOHN W. SOLLENBERGER, minister and farmer; P. O., Union. The subject of this sketch was born in Franklin Co., Pa., March 7, 1823. His father, Jacob, was a native of Pennsylvania and was married to Anna Wingard. They were the parents of two children, viz. : Elizabeth and John W. The subject of this sketch obtained his education in the district schools of the county. He emigrated to Ohio with his father and settled in this county at an early day, and was soon after left an orphan by the death of his father. His mother married J ohn Miller, whom our subject assisted on the farm until he was 19 years of age, at which time he was presented with sixteen acres of land by his stepfather, located in Elk- hart Co., Ind. Not feeling inclined to cultivate such a small amount, he went to work with an indomitable will to add more to it, first engaging at the carpenter trade, which he continued working at two years. In 1844 he was married to Cath- arine Peffly, the daughter of Jacob Peffly, born Nov. 7, 1823. They were, the parents of nine children, eight of whom are living, viz.: Jacob, John J., David P., Aaron, Moses, William, Henry P., and Elizabeth. In 1845 Mr. Sollenberger moved onto his farm in Indiana, which he had increased, but was yet covered with timber. He erected a cabin and commenced clearing off the timber, preparatory for cultivation. He remained until 1850, when he disposed of it and mqved to St. Joseph County, where his health failed him and was he advised by his physician to locate in a healthier clime. He disposed of his farm in 1853 and moved back to Ohio and settled where he now resides. In 1876 the residence of Mr. Sollenberger was visited by the messenger of death, who carried off his esteemed wife. She was a worthy member of the German Baptist faith for a number of years. Mr. Sollenberger married his second wife, Sarah Stouffer, Aug. 17, 1879. Mr. Sollenberger has been indentified with the German Baptist Church since 1859, and has taken an active interest in the cause of Christianity, and is at present one of the deacons of the church. ABRAHAM STOKER, deceased. Among the old pioneers that we are pleased to mention in the pages of this history is Abraham Stoker, born April 10, 1815, in this county. Mr. Stoker was deprived of the privileges of attending school, as he was left in the world an orphan at the age of 14 years. He continued working at farm labor until the time of his marriage with Nancy Johnston. He was the RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. 307 father of five children. Catharine, James, Levi and Owen are now living. Upon his marriage he became the owner of a farm of fifty acres, which he soon increased to 150 acres. Mrs. Stoker departed this life in 1856. Mr. Stoker married his second wife, Evelena A. Davis, March 26, 1857. She was a native of England and emigrated to America with her parents in 1855. They had nine children, seven of whom are living, viz.: Martha, Ellen N., Elizabeth A., Lenora A., Effie, Clemet L., Albert Y. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Stoker disposed of his farm and purchased 300 acres in Madison Township near Posttown. He remained on it five years and exchanged it for the farm adjoining, winch he was compelled to sell to pay off a note he had endorsed, and located at Harrison Station, Green County. Mr. Stoker, not being' very strongly constituted, retired from active labor, remaining well until 1878, when he passed quietly into the next world, respected and esteemed by all who knew him. Mrs. Stoker, soon after the burial of her husband, purchased thirty acres near Vandalia, which she exchanged for the hotel she is now proprietress of. DANIEL TATE, tanner; P. 0., Iamton. The gentleman whose name stands at the head of this sketch is the son of Isaac Tate, who was a native of Adams Co., Pa. Daniel, our subject, was born in Adams Co., Pa., Aug. 24, 1841, and moved to Maryland with his parents, where he attended school until he was 15 years of age, when he was apprenticed to learn the carpenter and cabinet trade, serving three years. He worked journey work and by his economy accumulated enough to commence business for himself in Carrol Co., Md., where he continued two years and came to Ohio and located in this (Montgomery) county. April 15, 1867, he took for wife Mrs. Catharine Wolf, born Jan. 13, 1828. and widow of David Wolf. Soon after his arrival in Ohio, he engaged in the manufacture of hubs, spokes and felloes, which he followed until 1870, wdren he exchanged for a stock of dry goods and groceries, which he converted into cash and turned his attention to farming, which he has continued in until the present with good success. Mr. Tate has never been an aspirant for office, but has been identified with several of the township offices. Mrs. Tate is a worthy member of the German Baptist Church, and is endeavoring to bring up her children in the fear of the Lord. WALTEB J. THOMPSON, physician and surgeon; P. O., Union. The father of our subject was a native of Ohio, born Sept. 8, 1819. His father died when he was quite young, and he was left to battle with the world unaided. He possessed a common school education and at 20 years of age commenced working at the cabinetmakers’ trade in Cincinnati. After fully mastering his trade he returned to Troy, the town of his nativity, where he engaged in the business of undertaker and furniture dealer, at which he still continues. Walter J., our subject, was born in Miami County, Sept. 8, 1852, where he attended the high school, located at Troy, until he was 18 years old, at which time he graduated. He then commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Green, a prominent physician of Troy. After five years of diligent study, he entered the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati, from which he graduated in due time. After reading another year with Dr. Green, he went to New York City, where he entered the Belleview Hospital and Medical College. From this he also graduated, and after availing himself of special courses of instruction on the eye and ear, he returned to Ohio and entered into a partner- ship with his first preceptor, Dr. Green. He soon dissolved this connection and located in Union, and commenced the practice of his profession with Dr. Hawkins of that place. He married Miss Addie Hawkins, the daughter of Samuel Hawkins, Oct. 14, 1879, by whom he had one son, Samuel, born to him. The doctor is connected with the following medical societies in the State: The Ohio State, Miami and Montgomery and the district societies of Darke, Shelby and Miami Counties. AMOS B. TOBIAS, farmer; P. O., Clayton, was born in Berks Co., Pa., in i 1824. His father, Michael, was a native of the same county, and was united in marriage with a Miss Booher. As a result of this union had thirteen children, 308 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : viz.: Christian, Michael, «ohn, Paul, Jacob, Daniel, Elias, Amos, Mollie, Catha- rine, Elizabeth, Sarah, Mary. The subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools, and was brought up to farm labor. He came to Olno with his father, and settled in Montgomery County, assisting him until he was 25 years of age. He celebrated his marriage with Elizabeth Leisure in 1819, and had three children; Horace and Lee Edgar are now living. Soon after his marriage lie rented a farm and followed the honorable vocation of cultivating the soil, and was very successful, soon being able to purchase it. He remained on it but a short time, when he disposed of it and purchased his father-in-law’s, which he cultivated until 1806, when he disclosed of it and moved to Salem, and engaged in the general merchandise business, which he continued in up to 1871; returned to the farm, and has since engaged in various pursuits up to the time he moved on his present place. HAMILTON M. TURNER, farmer; P. 0., Clayton, was born in Pennsylva- nia, Sept. 18, 1815. His father, John, emigrated to Ohio from Pennsylvania in 1820, and settled in Montgomery County. Mr. Turner was by occupation a farmer and distiller. He was united in marriage with Margaret Wagoner. They were the parents of eight children, viz: Nancy, Mary, James. H., John W., William, Oliver P., Joseph M. and Hamilton M. Mr. Turner, by his exemplary habits, soon commanded the respect of all who knew him. As an example, to show the esteem in which he was held, he was elected representative of his county to the Legislature in 1827 and 1829, and in 1830 was elected Associate Judge in the court of common pleas. Hamilton M., the subject of this sketch, was educated in the district schools of the county, and assisted his father with the farm duties, until he was 22 years of age. He was married to Hannah Harburgh, daughter of David Harburgh, one of the early pioneers of this county Mr. Turner raised a very exemplary family of ten children, of whom five survive, viz: Margaret, Maria, Phoebe, Harriet and Anna. In 1839 he engaged in the milling and distilling bus- iness, associating himself with his brother John, until 1812, when he drew out his interest and moved to Indiana, but failing to find a satisfactory opening, soon returned to this county, and again connected himself with his brother, who had previously taken in Jacob Heck as a partner, the firm being known as Turner, Heck & Co. They continued m business until 1818, when our subject then with- drew and formed a partnership with his brothers, John and Joseph, and built a large brick distillery on the banks of Wolf Creek, in Salem, and run it in connec- j tion with the dry goods and grocery business until 1851, when our subject drew out and purchased what was then known as the Engle mill, on the banks of the Still- water, near where he now resides. Mr. Turner, desiring to build up a more extensive business, again entered into partnership with his brothers, and erected a large flouring mill at Greenville, Darke Co., Ohio, which they soon converted into a distillery, at a cost of $30,000. In the summer of 1811 they had the misfortune to lose the mill at Salem, it being destroyed by a stroke of lightning, which burnt II it and 20,000 bushels of grain; the loss being estimated at $ 15, 000. They imme- diately began the work of replacing it, which was done in ninety days. In the fall of 1856, they again dissolved partnership, our subject retaining the property at Salem, and in 1861 he disposed of his dry goods business, and gave his exclusive attention to the distillery. Having some surplus capital on hand, he purchased an J interest in the firm of Walker & Moses, which he drew out at the expiration of jj three years, not having time to give it the proper attention; also in a short time )| closed out his distillery as the advance in revenue and the declining price of spirits was such, as to render it useless to continue longer. He is at present operating a j| saw and flouring-mill in connection with his farm. Mr. Turner is now 67 years cf age, and of course the most active pari of his life is spent, but he has, by untiring labor and industry, accumulated enough of this world’s goods to keep him and his good and industrious wife the balance of their days. ■ i E. F. WARNER, P. O., Clayton, was born in Randolph Township, Montgom- | RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. 309 ery Co., Ohio, on the 28th clay of Feb., 1828. Is a school teacher by profession, but has retired from teaching. Was married twice ; his first wife’s name was Catharine Caufman, died Dec. 11, 1862. In 1865 was married to Rachel A. Lasure, and have six children from second union. Minnie May, Catharine Elizabeth, Sylvia Lode- mia, John Elliot, Arthur Livingstone and Edith Irene, are the names of his children. John J. Warner, the father of E. F., was born in Bedford Co., Pa., in 1808; came with his father, Jacob Warner, to Randolph Township in 1812. In 1811 Henry Warner, the great-grandfather of this subject, came with all his children down the Ohio river, in flat-bottom boats from Pittsburgh to Cincinnati. The son’s names were Jacob, John, Henry, Andrew, David and Daniel. The girls were Catharine and Elizabeth. They all engaged in agricultural pursuits. Each one opened a farm in said township, but all have long since “gone the way of all the earth.” They founded a large settlement, known as the “Warner Settlement,” far and near. There are but two of the name living in the township, E. F. Warner and Enos Warner. The present generation has migrated, and some of them are living in every western State, from Ohio to the Pacific slope, and most of them are still engaged in tilling the soil. Henry Warner, the great grandfather of the present generation, came from Wittenburg, Gemany, over a century ago, and settled in Frederick Co., Md. At the close of the revolutionary war, settled in Bedford Co., Pa., and from there migrated to Ohio in 1811. HENRY C. WEAVER, merchant; P. 0., Iamton. The father of our sub- ject, Henry Weaver, Sr., was born in Adams Co., Pa., Feb. 22, 1815. He had the advantage of a common school education, and his early years were passed upon a farm. He emigrated to this county, settling near Little York, where he was engaged in huckstering, exchanging dry goods and groceries for produce, which he disposed of in Cincinnati. The mother was the daughter of Richard Sandhan, who was one of the early proprietors of a large and flourishing mill and woolen factory in the neighborhood of Little York, and who was also a prominent mason. As a result of this union ten children were born, seven of whom are living. Eliz- abeth, Mary, Annie, Jane, Wealthy, Emma and our subject, who was born in Montgomery County, March 21, 1849. After receiving instruction in the common branches, he learned the trade of a cooper, but desiring a change in occupation, two years later found him in a. flouring mill. He had a taste for mercantile pur- suits, and as soon as he had accumulated sufficient means, he purchased a stock of goods, and at Little York opened a dry goods store. Here he remained eight years, during which period, through habits of industry and economy, combined with business tact, had become a successful and prosperous business man, having made and saved several thousand dollars ; but not content with the size of his bus- iness and location, in the spring of 1880 he built at Harrisburgli a large and commodious store-room, stocking it with a choice selection of dry goods, groceries, ! and, in fact, everything found in a general store. Mr. Weaver is a good citizen and an active and enterprising business man, anu has filled several minor offices of honor and trust tendered him by the citizens of the community in which he resides. He was united in marriage with Catharine Mast, March 2, 1869, and the union was blessed with eight children, six of whom are now living, by names Sarah, Maud, Dixon, Harry, Wesley and William H. WILLIAM A. WEST, carriage manufacturer; P. 0., Union. William A. West is the son of William West, Sr., who was a native of Virginia, and came to Ohio with his father, in the year 1810, and settled in Green County, making the journey all the way in a wagon. Upon the breaking out of the war of 1812, he enlis.ed as a corporal, and for gallantry was promoted to the position of recruiting officer for Gen. Hull’s army. After the surrender of Gen. Hull, was taken with the prisoners of war to Canada, where they received their parole. Mr. West joined a party of seven, and set out for their respective homes in Ohio, and during I their journey, were attacked several times by the roving bands of Indians, who were at war against the settlements along the border, and became separated. Mr. 1 310 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: West being a man that possessed wonderful powers of endurance, and was very fleet of foot, arrived home in' safety, his companions never being heard from. It was supposed that they fell victims to the scalping knife. Mr. West chose Elizabeth as a partner for life, she being a native of Virginia. They were the parents of four children, viz : Margaret, David, John and William W. The subject of our biography was born in Green Co., Ohio, April <3, 1817, and was thrown out on the cold charities of the world by the death of his parents when quite young; conse- quently his opportunity for obtaining an education was very limited. But by being very economical he managed to pay three months tuition in a subscrip- tion school, which, with the time he devoted to his studies during his leisure hours, obtained a fair knowledge of reading, writing and arithmetic. About 1839 he engaged with a gentleman in Union to learn the wagon-makers’ trade, remain- ing one year, after which he was employed at various other places, until 1842, when he located in Piqua, Miami Co., Ohio, and engaged in business for himself, which he carried on with marked success until he unfortunately lost his capital by endorsing a note for a friend, which closed up his business. Mr. West, with energy and untiring industry, was soon enabled to commence business, the second time locating in Union, this (Montgomery) county, where he carried on business until 1859, when he went to Missouri, and settled near Union, in Franklin J| County, where he followed agricultural pursuits until the close of the war. He returned to Union, this county, in 1865, and engaged in the manufacturing of car- riages, which he has continued in until the present, with good success. Mr. West has never been an aspirant for office, but served the township in the capacity of Justice of the Peace for several years. Mr. West took for wife Rhoda Martin, a native of Kentucky. Thirteen children were born to bless this union, five of whom are now living, viz: John, George, Frank, Alice and Rachel. JEFFERS.ON TOWNSHIP. THOMAS L. ASKINS, farmer, P. 0., Ellerton, was born in Frederick Co., Md., June 7th, 1828, and is a son of Daniel and Nancy A. Asians, of that State, who came to Montgomery Co., Ohio, in 1881. Daniel was in limited circumstances upon reaching Ohio, but by hard, constant labor, he and wife managed to provide j themselves with a comfortable home before old age came upon them. They had seven children — four sons and three daughters — five of whom are now living. Mrs. Nancy A. Askins was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for fifty-four years, and died March 25, 1877 ; her husband followed her to his last earthly home ! Aug. 7, 1880, having been a member of the Union Baptist Church nearly all of his life. Thomas L. grew up a farmer, and as such has passed his days thus far. He was married Dec. 11, 1853, to Sarah A. Getter, daughter of George and Mary Getter, |i who was born Sept. 25, 1835, of which union eleven children are the fruits, ten now living, as follows: — William H., James B., George W., Maria E., Peter T., Mary A., Jacob D., Thomas L. (dec.), Sarah C., Perry. G., and Lottie. Our subject owns a nice farm of 40 acres, well improved, which constitutes a comfortable home. Although his advantages for an education were limited, he in- herited good business talents, and good common sense, which have fitted him for life s | duties. He has been a trustee of his township eight years, and a Justice of the Peace six, thus demonstrating that he is a man well respected by the community in which he lives. His w r ife died March 27, 1881, in full fellowship with the Lutheran Church, and respected by all who knew r her. JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 311 GEORGE W. BECKER, farmer, P. 0., Ellerton, was born in this township, March 25, 1836, ancl is a son of Henry and Susanna Becker, natives of Lancaster Co., Pa., who settled in Jefferson Township, about 1816, commencing life in a log cabin in the dense forest. They had a family of eleven children, eight of whom are now living, Henry dying in 1851, aged 63 years, a sincere adherent of the Lutheran Church. His wife was born Jan. 13, 1799; is still living and a member of the Reformed Church. George W. lived with his parents until his majority, and was married Jan. 8, 1860, to Sarah Kelsey, daughter of David and Margaret Kelsey, natives of Pennsylvania, who came to this township at an early day. Mrs. Becker was here born Feb. 4, 1840, and has bore Mr. Becker six sons and one daughter, as follows: RosaB., Valerius, William H., David E., Francis M., Seabury, and Jesse L. Mr. Becker is a member of the Lutheran and his wife of the United Brethren church. Franklin A. Stupp, who married their daughter Rosa B., was born May 13, 1859, and is a son of Isaac, and Leah Stupp, natives of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and his wife of the Reformed denomination. Mr. Becker and family are among the worthy, law-abiding people of their community. NOAH COLER, farmer, P. 0., Liberty, was born in Maryland in 1828, and is a son of Joseph and Elizabeth Coler, natives of the same State and of German English extraction (name formerly spelled Roller). Mr. Coler has one brother, C. A., and two sisters, Mrs. Susanna Collett (dec.), and Mrs. Jane C. Cotterman. They came to Jackson Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, in 1833, where Joseph remained until his death, his widow yet surviving him. Noah grew to manhood on a farm, receiving his education in the neighborhood schools, and followed the voca- tion of school teaching for a time. He was married in Preble Co., Ohio, March 7, 1852, to Eliza A. Gregg, daughter of Silas and Susan Gregg, the former a native of Georgia, the latter of Preble Co., Ohio, of "which union ten children have been bom, viz., Elijah -J., Aaron, Jehu, Ezra E., Ira, Perry, (dec.) Emma, (dec.) Ida M., Etta, (dec.) and Christian, (dec). Mr. Coler has filled many minor offices of trust, and being a man of more than ordinary abilities, is recognized as one of the best repre- sentative farmers of Jefferson Township, as he is one of the most successful in the county. He is the owner of a fine farm of 320 acres in a high state of cultivation, and makes the breeding of thoroughbred stock a specialty, having now some fine specimens of Short Horn cattle and Poland China hogs on his farm. Mr. Coler is a progressive, enterprising citizen, who readily seaports every measure that he believes will be a benefit to the county "which has been his home for forty-eight years. ELIJAH J. COLER, manufacturer, P. O., Liberty, was born in Jefferson Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, July 16, 1853, and is the eldest son of Noah Coler, one of the leading farmers of this township, whose sketch appears in this work. He grew up on the homestead, remaining with his parents until of age, during which time he partially learned the art of working in wood, his mind ever leaning towards mechanical construction. In the fall of 1876 he invented a patent gate, receiving his patent in Jan. 1877, upon which he has since improved, until to-day it is recognized as one of the best, if not the best gate in the market. He manu- factured this gate first at New Lebanon, but in 1880 removed to Liberty, where in the fall of 1881, he erected a commodious shop where all classes of general jobbing is done, besides the manufacture of his gate, two sorts of which he is making, viz. : '‘Coler’s Automatic” and “Coler’s Duplex,” the latter being the one most in demand, as it always opens from the horses and never freezes fast in cold weather, advan- tages that can be thoroughly appreciated by all who may have used a patent gate. He has manufactured hundreds of these gates, sending them throughout Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri and Kansas, also to the East, and everywhere they have given good satisfaction. Mr. Coler was married Feb. 3, 1881, to Laura E. Gifford, of Preble Co., Ohio, whose father is dead, but her mother is yet residing in that county. Mr. Coler’s success is the result of his own efforts, having personally in- troduced his gate throughout those States mentioned, and his future may be justly udged from the past. 312 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: JOHN H. ECK, farmer, P. 0., Ellerton, is the son of Elias and Rachel (Weaver) Eck, he a native of Maryland, she of this county. They were the parents of eight children, five sons and three daughters, viz., Amanda (dec.) Sarah A., John H., Horace, Charles 0., Willis A., George W., Rachel E. The subject of this sketch was horn in this county, June 7, 1851, and lived at home until his majority, work- ing upon the farm and attending school during the winter. For three years after his majority, he worked at the carpenter trade. Aug. 26, 1875, he was united in marriage with Mary E. Getter, horn Sept 1, 1854, the only child of George W. and Catharine (Marker) Getter, of this township. By this union they have been blessed with one son, Walter I., born Dec. 31, 1878. Mr. Eck has a very pleasant home on section 28, where he now resides. JOHN W. FITZGERALD, Minister, P. 0., Liberty. The subject of this sketch was bom in Scott County, Kentucky, A. D. 1839. His grand-father, Jesse Fitzgerald, was a nephew of Lord Fitzgerald, of Ireland, and two great uncles of John W. Fitzgerald bore a conspicuous part in the early struggles of American in- dependence. They were with Washington and Lafayette at the surrender of Cornwallis. John M. Fitzgerald, son of Jesse Fitzgerald, was born in Fayette Co., Ky., and at the age of 25 he w T as united in marriage to Mary S. Smallwood, grand-daughter of Dr. Thomas E. Bond, medical purveyor in the Con- tinental Army. The result of this union was twelve children, of which John W. Fitzgerald was the second. John received his early training in the State of Ken- tucky. In the year 1853 his father migrated to the State of Virginia. Having a large family, he was unable to give proper attention to the education of his children, | but John, through his own energy and perseverance, was able to take one course at the Buchanan Normal School, at the close of which the civil war broke out, and as everything in that part of the State was thrown into confusion, it being the line of i military operations, John was unable to pursue his studies any further. During this second great struggle for liberty, John w r as not idle, but took part in the great panorama of the day, and was a greater part of the time on special detail caring ' for and gathering up the wounded of both armies. At the close of the war he ' returned home. Was united in marriage to Missouri A. Bond, November 23, 1860, and they connected themselves with the German Baptists, in the year 1867. He was called to the ministry in June, 1869, was advanced to the second degree of the ministry in the State of West Virginia on the 6th day of October 1870, and con- tinued to labor with success in that State until the year 1875, when he moved his family to Franklin Co., Ky., in which State he labored as a missionary until the year 1877. In March of that year he settled in Darke Co., Ohio, and labored with the brethren of Darke County until the 25th of March, 1880, when he loca ted j in Jefferson Township, Montgomery County, and is at present preaching in what is known as the Bear Creek Church. GEORGE GETTER, deceased, was the son of John and Mary M. (Lambert) Getter, natives of Lancaster Co. Pa., who about 1818 came to this township, from the Keystone State, where they lived and died. They were the parents of eight children, viz., John, George, Jacob, Polly, Anna, all of whom are dead, and Louisa, Sallie and William are living. Our subject was born in Lancaster Co., Pa., Feb. 3, 1805, and lived at home until his marriage with Mary E. Wertz, March 14, 1828. She was the daughter of Daniel and Sarah (Weimer) Wertz, natives of Pennsylvania, and was born in Warren Co., Ohio, Aug. 25, 1808. Her parents had a family of fourteen children, thirteen of whom raised families, and one son died unmarried. The names are as follows: Anthony, Catherine, Nancy, Sarah, John, Jacob, all c!ec. and Daniel, Jerome, Caroline, Elizabeth, Harriet, Rachel, Lavina and Mary E., who are living. To George and Mary E. Getter were born thirteen children, viz., John G., Daniel (dec.) George W., (dec.) William W., Sarah, Jacob, Joseph L., Peter T., (dec.) Mary E., Samuel, Perry P., (dec.) Henry B., and Albert T., all of whom lived to be married and have families. Mr. Getter began life in very limited cir- cumstances, not having a table, chair or even a knife, fork or spoon in their little JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 313 log cabin, all of which they borrowed until able to buy the same from their scanty earnings, but by constant toil and rigid savings they finally secured a comfortable home ere his death, July 5, 1875, owning 160 acres of good land in Section 22. Mr. Getter was Township Treasurer for twelve years, Infirmary Director for six years, and held many minor positions, all of which he filled with credit and satis- faction. He was a faithful member of the Lutheran Church for about 57 years, to which his widow has also belonged for more than half a century. Mrs. Getter fives in the old homestead, enjoying the blessings of this fife, with a bright hope in the one to come, and has the consolation of seeing her children, grand-children and great-grand-children settled around her and respected members of society. JOHN N. GETTER, farmer, P. 0., Liberty. This gentleman is a descendant of one of the pioneer families of Jefferson Township, and here first saw the fight Sept. 14, 1836. He is a son of John and Eve Getter, natives of the Keystone State, and lived with his parents until Ins marriage, May 8, 1856, to Phoebe A. Schenck, daughter of Ward and Anna Schenck, of Clear Creek Township, Warren Co., Ohio. Soon after this event he bought the farm of 80 acres upon which he has since made his home. This marriage was blest by eleven children, five of whom died in infancy and six yet surviving, viz., Clement L., Florence, Y., Arthur E., Emma A., Ida B., and John C. Mr. and Mrs. Getter are members of the Lutheran Church, and respected, worthy citizens. ISAAC HAINES, P. 0., Dayton, Superintendent of the County Infirmary, was born in Lancaster Co., Pa., Nov. 19, 1827, and is a son of Allen and Nancy (Lemmon) Haines, he a native of Pennsylvania, and she of Ireland, who came to Montgomery Co., Ohio, in 1828, where both resided until death. Our subject grew up on the farm, receiving his education in the district schools. He was married Aug. 17, 1848, to Barbara A. Teeter, a native of Ohio, born Dec. 17, 1829, and daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (Dunston) Teeter, natives of Virginia, who settled in this county in 1832, where her mother died, her father yet residing here. To Isaac and Barbara A. Haines seven children have been born, as follows: Elizabeth A., Daniel W., (dec.) Sarah C., Birdie, (dec.) Walter, Emma, (dec.) and Clarence E. Mr. Haines followed farming all his life, and in Jan., 1879, he was appointed by the Directors, Superintendent of the County Infirmary, which official position of trust and confidence he is still holding. Politically he is a staunch Democrat, believing firmly in the rock-ribbed principles of Jeffersonian democracy. He was trustee of Madison Township six years. He and wife are members of the Christian Church, and he belongs to the I. 0. 0. F. Mr. Haines is an intelligent, well read farmer, and is thoroughly competent of filling the position he now holds, with credit to himself and satisfaction to the directors and citizens of Montgomery County. JOHN HISER, farmer, P. 0., Dayton, is a son of John and Barbara Hiser, and was born Aug. 9, 1811 lived at home until his marriage, Oct. 21, 1832, to Mary Caylor, daughter of Daniel and Mary Caylor, of Jefferson Township. Her mother was born in North Carolina, Dec. 28, 1792, is in possession of her mental faculties, and bids fair to five a number of years yet. She was twice married. Her first husband died March 23, 1838, and four years after she was married to Samuel Noffsinger, who lived about nine years, thus again leaving her a widow. She is a member of the German Baptist Church, and is spending her last days happily with her daughter, Mrs. Hiser, which is the old homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Hiser are the parents of two children, Mrs. David Hatterman, of this township, being the surviv- ing one, and both are members of the German Reformed Church. JOHN H. LINEBAUGH, wagon-maker, P. 0., Ellerton. John H. Line- baugh, the subject of this sketch, was born in the village of Myersville, Frederick Co., Md., in the year 1837, Nov. 26. He spent his early life with his parents, Jonathan and Catherine Shank Linebaugh. Mr. Linebaugh is of German extraction. The vocation -followed by our subject while with his father, was farming. In his boyhood he gained a fair common-school educa- 314 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: tion, while living at home. But not feeling satisfied to stop there, attended Dickinson College of Carlisle, Pa., thinking of graduating himself. But at the breaking-out of the Rebellion changed somewhat his collegiate course, and his school days there came to an end. In the spring of 1863 Mr. Linebaugh came to this county, a single man in search of his fortune, locating in Jefferson Township, whefe he married Margaret J. Patten, daughter of Samuel and Margaret Patten, residents of this county. The fruits of their union are as follows: Charles F., John Edward, Loiza Alice, Elcie Jane, Henry Mason and Thomas Patten, all living but Charles Franklin, John Edward and Loiza Alice. After marriage Mr. Linebaugh moved to Indiana, to make his home and follow teaching, but not find- ing matters just as expected came back to Ohio and located at Liberty, teaching 1 their school six months, after which time he moved to Gfettersburg and lived on a place then owned by Mr. Snepp, while building his house, the present home, Mr. Linebaugh’s present vocation being farming, wagon-making and undertaking. He was elected to the office of Magistrate in the summer of 1869, and has held that position ever since, discharging his duties with ability and alacrity. In politics a Democrat and a warm supporter of Democratic principles ; also an active member in the Reform Church, as also is his wife. Mr. Linebaugh began life with nothing, but has been quite prosperous in all his business interests. He is a man largely known in his locality, being a good neighbor, a kind husband and father, whole- some in all his habits and a man highly respected throughout the county. LEVI P. MEDLAR, farmer, P. 0., Dayton, is the son of Samuel and Mary (Staver) Medlar, he a native of Berks Co., Pa., and emigrated to this county 1832; she born in this comity. They were the parents of eight children, five sons and three daughters, viz: Levi P., of this sketch, Hiram, Elizabeth, Alvin L., Benton I., Daniel W., Clara A. and Amelia M. The subject of this sketch was born May 23, 1848, and lived with his parents until his majority. Sept. 26, 187 .J he was united in marriage with Susan E. Huffman, born May 23, 1852, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Fink) Huffman, natives of Lebanon Co., Pa., who emigra- ted to this county about 1835. He died 1859, she surviving him. Since his marriage our subject has purchased a home in Sec. 4. By this union they have had three children, two living— a son and a daughter — viz: Luther E., born Feb. 22, 1878; Laura May, born May 23, 1880. He is a member of the Reformed and she of the Lutheran Church. CORNELIUS MICHAEL, farmer and manufacturer of sorghum syrup, P. 0., Dayton, is a son of John and Charlotte Michael, natives of Frederick Co., Md., who came to this township in 1836, and settled upon the farm where he yet resides. He began life in Ohio a poor man, but by well directed effort he has accumulated a large property, being now considered one of the wealthiest men of his township. They have had nine children; eight now survive. The subject of this sketch was born May 10, 1830, and came to this county with his parents, with whom he lived until 25 years of age, his schooling being little. He was married Aug. 12, 1855, to Sophia Crouder, daughter of Jacob and Rachel Crouder, of German Township, this county, who was born May 9, 1838. Of this union ten children have been given them, viz: John W., Noah E., Jacob A., George W., Emanuel (deceased) Seabery F., Laura M., Ora E., Edward L. and Clara S. Mr. Michael, wife and eldest son are members of the United Brethren Church. For the three years fol- lowing his marriage Mr. Michael worked by the day and on rented land, after which he rented farms for five years; at the expiration of this time he bought 12j acres of land near Carrollton Station, upon which he built a factory for the manu- facture of sorghum syrup, and continued this business successfully at that point for six years, when he sold out and bought the farm of 120 acres, where he has since resided. Beside running his farm he still manufactures sorghum, and, having the latest and best-improved machinery, produces a superior article of syrup. Mr. Michael deserves praise for the steady success he has made in life, having by his JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 815 own efforts accumulated a handsome property, the legitimate result of persistent industry and rigid saving. GEORGE MILLER, blacksmith and farmer, P. 0., EllertOn, was horn in Germany, Dec. 23, 1831, and is a son of G. and Catherine (Straub) Miller, who were the parents of seven children, four now living, viz: Henry, George, Catherine and Conrad. Our subject emigrated to the United States in March, 1852, and engaged in farm work in Delaware, and the following May went to New York, possessing a capital of about $50, and there worked on a farm about six months, then came west to Circleville, Ohio, where he. served a three years apprenticeship at the blacksmith trade, afterwards working about one year as a journeyman for the same firm. He then came to Dayton, Ohio, worked three months in a carriage shop and the following three years was employed in the Union carshops, from where he went to Germantown, this county; remained there one year, working at his trade; thence to Simsbury, where he commenced in business for himself, which he prosecuted about nine years ; then came to Gettersburg and purchased the comfortable residence where he now lives. Here he continued the blacksmith- ing business for about ten years, since which time he has devoted his attention principally to the raising of tobacco, and has been very successful. He was married in 1855 to Mary A. Schaffer, of Dayton, daughter of the Rev. Absalom Schaffer, who was Pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Dayton for many years. Mrs. Miller was bom in 1832, and had four children by this union, viz ; David, Isaiah, Clara and Sarah M. The mother dying Aug. 25, 1871, Mr. Miller married for his second wife Mrs. Anna Beck, daughter of -John Getter, who died March 25, 1879 without issue. In religious belief Mr. Miller is a Lutheran, as were his parents before him; yet he is a man of liberal Hews, devoid of narrow-mindedness, and is much respected by friends and neighbors. ABSALOM NICHOLAS, (deceased) was born in this township, upon the farm where his widow now lives, Aug. 16, 1828, and was a son of Abraham and Mary Nicholas, prioneers of Montgomery Co., Ohio. Our subject grew to maturity on the old homestead and, like all pioneer children, received his education in the school of his district. He was married June 5, 1851, to Mary A. Rowlands, a native of AVales, who came to this country with her parents, Rowland and Eliza- beth Rowlands, when she was a small child. To Absalom and Mary A. Nicholas seven children were born, five of whom are living — Elizabeth -J. (wife of Peter Little, of Dayton), Joseprir L., Catherine E. (wife of Franklin Puterbaugh, of Harrison Township)), Abraham R. and Laura V. Mr. Nicholas was much respiected and was often offered official position in his township), but declined on account of poor health. He died Sept. 22, 1871, a faithful member of the United Brethren Church, to which denomination his widow and three of the children also belong, and one daughter adheres to the Baptist Church. HENRY RECHER, retired farmer, P. 0., Liberty. The grandparents of this well-to-do farmer were Peter and Elizabeth (Protzman) Recher, natives, respec- tively, of Pennsylvania and Maryland, vdio came to Jefferson Township, Mont- gomery Co., Ohio, in 1805, settling on Little Bear Creek, where they passed the balance of their days. They raised a family of eight boys and tw r o girls, viz : Peter, Joseph, Jacob, Daniel, Frederick, John, Elias, Lewis, Lica and Susan, one of the daughters being the first wife of the Rev. David Winters, and all of the sons mar- rying but Jacob. Of the above Joseph, Peter and Lewis, with their wives, are living, also the wives of Daniel and Frederick. The father of our subject was Daniel, who was but two years old when his parents came to this county, and here he grew to manhood amidst the primitive woods and frontier scenes of the Miami Valley, growing up pure, rugged and free like the giant-trees surrounding his cabin home. Up)on reaching his maturity he was married to Mary Magdalene Appde , daughter of Henry Appde, who came from Pennsylvania, with his wife and family, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: 316 died. Henry Apple was the father of six hoys and seven girls, viz: John, Henry, George, Elias, Enoch, Daniel, Margaret, Catherine, Elizabeth, Eaf, Mary Magda- len, Barbara and Lena, of which the following are living: Elias, Enoch, Daniel, Margaret, Catherine, Eaf, Mary Magdalen and Lena, all of whom were married and temperate, respected people. To Daniel and Mary Magdalen Recher were born three children, viz; Henry, Phillip, (who died in infancy) and Lydia (the wife of C. Becker, of Dayton). Our subject was born upon the old homestead in Jefferson Township, July 22, 1834; grew up under the parental roof, and attended the district-school of his neighborhood, where he received a limited education, but, possessing a large store of good common sense, he has been moderately successful in life, for which he is very thankful to the great Ruler who watches over all. He was married Jan. 11, 1855,' to Nancy Kelsey, daughter of David and Margaret (Nicholas) Kelsey, natives of Ohio, who are now spending their last days with Mrs. Recher, lie being in his 79tli and his wife in her 73d year. Mrs. Recher was the eldest daughter in a family of seven children, viz: James K. (deceased), Nancy, Rachel (deceased), Sarah, Juliann, Lydia A. and William, the living being married and having families. Mrs. Recher was horn May 17, 1836, and has had one daughter by this union, Laura E., born Aug. 23, 1856, who married Enos Michael eight years ago, to whom she has borne one son, Clarence E. Mr. Reclier’s father died fifteen years ago, and his mother is now living with her daughter, Mrs. Becker. Our subject, after marriage, settled on the farm where he now resides, most of which he cleared, also quarrying stone, burning lime and making sorghum molasses, the latter of which he manufactured on a large scale. Beginning with one horse for grinding cane, and boiling the juice in the old fashioned way, he soon changed this for the more modern steam engine, finally using a forty-horse power engine, and boiling by steam. After this he began buying logs and running a saw-mill, in all of which he displayed the same energy, honesty and success. He operated the first | steam thresher in the township, also the first circle clips saw-mill; bought and sold i a great deal of land, but in all his dealings no man could ever say that they did not receive every cent the contract called for. Politically, Mr. Recher is a Dem- ocrat, and since his 18th year has been a devoted member of the Lutheran Church, || his Avife joining the United Brethren soon after marriage, to which church her son-in-law and wife also belong. Mr. Recher is ever anxious to further the interests of Christianity, and his time and money are always ready to assist and encourage J God’s needy poor. Every benevolent purpose finds in him a warm friend and earnest supporter, and the temperance cause has no more determined advocate | and defender. He is a good neighbor, a fond father, a provident husband and an earnest Christian, whose whole desire is to try and serve the Lord by every means in Ins power. JAMES A. RIDENOUR, Minister, P. 0. Ellerton. The subject of this sketch, Elder James A. Ridenour, was born July 12, A. D. 1840, in Portland 'Township, Preston County, W. Va. His parents’ names were Jacob and Mary. He was raised a farmer; his parents being poor and school facilities not being what they are now, he enjoyed but a limited education. In June, 1861, he entered the min ! istry in the German Baptist Church, having been a member of that denomination since his sixteenth year. On the 12th of September, 1861, he was united in mar- riage with Mary E. Bucklew, of the same county and State aforesaid-. In the spring of 1863, he, with his wife, moved to Selbysport, Garrett County, Mary- | land, and in the spring of 1864 they removed back again to West Virginia, locat- ing in the bounds of the Sandy Creek congregation, some twenty-five miles from 1 the place of his birth. For this congregation he preached sixteen years. In the spring of 1880, he, with his wife and nine children, removed to Montgomery j County, Ohio, locating on the Germantown pike, three miles west of Dayton, lor J one year, and in the spring of 1881 he moved five miles further west to his little farm near Gettersburg, in Jefferson Township, where lib still resides, and at! present preaches for three congregations, the one in which he lives, in Montgomery .JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP 317 County, one in Greene County and one in Preble County. He has at this time ten children — six sons and four daughters, nine are living and one is dead. The names of the living in the order of their ages are: James Q., Nancy E., John W., Martin W., Jacob F., Mary A., Eliza M., Sylvanus F. and Violet C., and the name of the one deceased was Samuel C. ; he died in infancy. His labors m the ministry were mostly confined to the congregations in which he resided, from the firs., up to 1875. On the 7th of January, 1876, he had the misfortune to be burnt out, so completely burnt out that he was left penniless, turned out in the midst of winter, with wife and eight children, all without a suit of clothes. The fire was during the night, and, being awakened by the flames, he, with difficulty and at the risk of his own life, succeeded in saving the family, but not without himself being seriously injured by the flames. Some of the children had to be dropped from the second-story to the ground, as the only means by which they could be saved. Fortunately, none were hurt. The entire family had to escape from the burning building by knocking out windows and escaping directly from the bed- rooms; the fire had possession of the doors; there was no insurance, hence all was lost. From the time of this sad occurrence up to the present he has spent a con- siderable portion of his time traveling as an evangelist, preaching and baptizing hundreds of penitent believers, who confessed Christ. This work he loves above any other of his life. His labors as an evangelist extended to several different States. It was while on one of these tours that he first visited the Miami Valley, about February, 1879, and while pursuing his labors at Liberty, Sharpsburg, Trotwood, Dayton and other places, his brethren and friends solicited him to move with his family to Ohio, holding out as an inducement for him to do so a donation of $ 8,000, to assist him in procuring a home. He now lives on the little farm above alluded to, contented and happy, and tries, by his faithful labors in the ministry, to render satisfaction to his brethren and friends as an equivalent for the favor, hop- ing that a longer and more intimate acquaintance will only tend to increase and strengthen their affection for each other. JOHN T. SNEPP, farmer, P. 0. Ellerton, is a son of John and Catherine (Rhodaheffer) Snepp; was born Dec. 2, 1841, and lived with his parents until his majority, when he spent two years at Wittenburg college, Springfield, Ohio, after which he continued to assist his father on the farm. He was married Jan. 7, 1868, to Martha A. Snider, who was bom July 8, 1840. She w r as a daughter of Adam and Mary (Haymaker) Snider; he a native of Baltimore, Md., and she of Rockbridge Co., Va., who were the parents of six children, viz., Sarah J., Nancy C., J ohn T. , Martha A. , Mary E. and Frances S. The only son, J ohm T . , -was a member of the 93d O. V. I. ; was taken prisoner at the battle of Stone River; suffered the starvation and misery of Andersonville, and afterwards of Florence, Tenn., where he was exchanged, but the joyful news came too late and that very day he was numbered among the dead, and sleeps in a Southern grave. Mr. and Mrs. Snepp are the parents of four sons, viz., Samuel E., born Oct. 31, 1868; Hugh A., born March 2, 1870; Arther'E., born Jan. 13, 1872; Lauren H., born Sept. 13, 1873. He is a member of the Lutheran and she of the Reformed Church. She has been quite a Sabbath-school worker. He has been Township Clerk for the past five years, filling that position with credit to himself and honor to his fellow men. They have a very pleasant home on Sec. 28, where they enjoy the esteem and respect of their neighbors and many friends. SAMUEL SNEPP, farmer, P. O. Ellerton, is the son of John Snepp, whose biography appears in this work. Samuel, the subject of this sketch, was bom in this township July 30, 1845. Lived at home with his parents until his majority, assisting upon the farm and attending school. For three •winters after his majority he attended school at Wittenburg College, Springfield, Ohio. Oct. 15, 1875, lie was united in marriage to Elizabeth Snider, daughter of Adam and Mary (Haymaker) Snider, who are made mention of in the biography of John T. Snepp in this book. By this union they have had two daughters, viz., Mary C., 318 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: born Jan. 17, 1877, died Oct. 1, 1877; Edith, born March 4, 187S, and died Aug. 20, 1880. Since their m arriage he has continued to live upon the home- stead in Sec. 27, where he has a bright prospect for the future. He is an acceptable member of the Lutheran Church and she of the German Reformed. PAUL STUPP, farmer, P. 0. Ellerton. Paul Stupp, the subject of this sketch, was horn in Lebanon Co., Penn., in March 1859, and lived with his father, assisting upon the farm and attending school during winter. His father emigrated from Pennsylvania April, 1871, and has resided in this county since that time. He is the son of John and Amelia (Yeizer) Stupp. Amelia Yeizer was the daughter of Peter and Rebecca (Gerrett) Yeizer, horn Oct. 19, 1882. Jolm and Amelia (Yeizer) Stupp were married June 17, 1856. By this union tiiey were the parents of four children — three hving, one son and two daughters, viz,, Rebecca, born June 28, 1857 ; Paid, born in March, 1859, and Katie, wife of William Lucas, born April 28, 1862. Dec. 21, 1868, Amelia (Yeizer) Stupp, died in Lebanon Co., Penn. Mr. Stupp lived a widower until Aug. 4, 1866, when he was united in marriage with Henriette Ibach, daughter of Lawrence J. and Leah (Matthews) Ibach, of Lebanon Co. Penn., (she was born Jan. 19, 1840.) John and Henriette (Ibach) Stupp are the parents of four children, one son and three daughters, viz., Elizabeth S., born June 17, 1867; Emma, born March 31, 1870; Sallie, born Sept. 14, 1876, and Charlie, born Sept. 28, 1878. John Stupp is the son of William and Lydia (Forry) Stupp. They were born in Berks Co., Penn., and were the parents of five children, Caroline, John, Harriet, Purseville and Edmund. Lydia (Forry) Stupp died, and William was then united in marriage with Elizabeth Groby. By this union they had three children, one son and two daughters, Lydia, Emma, (deceased), and William Stupp. Peter and Rebecca (Gerrett) Yeizer ivere the parents of seven children — three hving besides Mrs. Stupp and three others deceased. Henriette Ibach, John Stupp’s second wife, is the daughter of Lawrence J. and Leah (Matthews) Ibach. Lawrence J. and Leah are the parents of ten children, viz., Sarah, Burger, Henriette, (John and James deceased) Franklin, Charles William, Lawrence and Emma. Lawrence J. Ibach, marked the astro- nomical calculations of the principal almanacs in use, his being considered the most correct. He is a blacksmith and lives in Lebanon Co. Penn. ABRAHAM TROXELL, farmer, P. O. Liberty. The subject of our sketch, Abraham Troxell, was born in Miami Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, in the year 1832, Jan. 25. His parents, Samuel Troxell and Rosanna (Weaver) Troxell, were natives of Pennsylvania. They emigrated to Ohio and located with their parents in Miami Township and grew to man and womanhood. The father and mother of our subject were not married until full maturity, and the fruits of mar- riage are as follows: Mary Ann, Lewis and Abraham. Lewis died in his sixteenth year. Mr. Troxell, in his boyhood, lived under the parental roof until reaching his eighteenth year, after which time he worked by the month two seasons. Then began life for himself ; raised tobacco and butchered until his marriage, in 1858, to Rebecca Protzman, daughter of John and Margaret Protzman. Their mar- riage has been quite fruitful; have had born to them Minerva L., Mary R., Charles E., George W., Lovie A., William A. Ida May and Minnie A.; all living but Ida May, who died at the age of six months. Mr. and Mrs. Troxell are blessed with the society of their children except a little babe and Minerva L., who has taken upon herself the burthen of a family, her husband’s name being David Pliil- baum. After the marriage of our subject he was engaged in the grocery busi- _ ness one year, after which time he went to farming, and bought the farm where he now lives, in Jefferson Township, having made valuable improvements to his [ home, thereby making it really desirable. From the appearance of his place oue can only say Mr. Troxell has been a financial success. He is looked upon as one of the leading farmers of his township, and has always, and is to-day, regard- ed as one of the most charitable men in our land, being ready to administer to the wants of the needy. Neither is he alone in these deeds of charity. The same MADISON TOWNSHIP. 319 qualities are possessed by the entire family. He has served the people of his township in places of public trust, having been elected Township Trustee four times. May prosperity reward him and Ins for their many deeds of charity and kindness. M&DSS©rf TOWNSHIP. SAMUEL BASOEE, farmer; P. 0., Trotwood, is a native of Lebanon Co. r Pa. He is a son of Benjamin and Mary Basore, both natives of the Keystone State. Our subject’s early life was spent on the farm in a manner incident to youth. But on arriving at the age of maturity, he learned the trade of cooper, which he followed for many years in Pennsylvania and for fourteen years after coming to this State. About thirty-five years ago he was married to Lydia Fetters. They are parents of eight children, viz. : Absolom, Sarah, Catharine, Susannah, Lydia, Samuel and John living, and an infant deceased. About twenty years ago Mr. Basore abandoned the trade of cooper and bought the farm of 100 acres on which he lives and devoted his energies to the raising of grain and' stock. He has added to his possessions a farm of 165 acres in Butler Township. Mr. Basore’s success in life has been due entirely to his own exertions, and as w T e gaze with admiration on the granaries filled with the life giving products, we are constrained to say, by his labor, industry, perseverance and integrity he has made himself one of the substantial farmers of Madison Township. ABEAHAM DENLINGEE, farmer; P. 0., Box 791, Dayton. The subject of this sketch is a native of Lancaster Co., Pa., born Aug. 4, 1806. He is a son of Abraham and Annie (Neff) Denlmger. His parents dying when he was but a boy, he lived with his grandfather until after he attained the age of 17. He then engaged to learn the trade of blacksmith wfith Amos Cooper, near Lancaster, where he remained two years, after which he worked with his uncle, Isa&c Bresler. He then farmed for the widow of Michael Sechrist about one year. Again he returned to Amos Cooper and worked two years more at the trade. Being dissat- isfied with the opportunities offered to young men in that section, he decided to come to Ohio on a tour of inspection, and in the spring of 1832, carried it into execution. While here he bought the farm on which he now resides. He then returned to his old home, where he remained until the fall of the same year, com- pleting his arrangements for leaving for his permanent home. He has been twice married. First to Margaret Miller, daughter of Daniel Miller, in the spring of 1833. Seven children were the result of this union, four of whom are still living. David, born March 25, 1838, was killed in the service of his country at Atlanta, Ga. Mr. Denlinger’s second marriage was consummated in April, 1865, with Eliza Linville. After coming to this State Mr. D. followed his trade in connection with farm- ing for a year or two, after which he devoted his entire attention to the farm until his mechanical head planned and his once skilled hand wrought out a wire horse rake. Of these he made and sold between five and six thousand, they being the first in this section of the country. For a number of years past he has spent his time quietly on the farm and only wrought out such inventions as his active genius could invent for his own comfort and use, such as farm implements, self- opening gates, etc. Some fourteen years ago Mr. D. was afflicted with dropsy in the severest form. He tried unsuccessfully the different modes of treatment which the most skillful physicians could offer, with no good results. He then determined on a regular cold water treatment, which he continued for three 320 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: years, and effected a perfect cure, since which time he has enjoyed excellent health. Mr. D. was reared among the Friends in Pennsylvania, and though not a member of the sect still leans fondly toward that faith. A. A. DENLINGER, farmer; P. 0., Trotwood, was the son of Abraham and Margaret Denlinger. Born Feb. 25, 1836, in Montgomery Co., Ohio. Acquired his education in the common schools, starting out in life at the age of 21 years. He married Miss Sarah Garber, an accomplished lady. They are the parents of eight children: Lonoina, Clara, Ira, Anna, Liza, Laura, Edgar and Elmer, who are all living. The mother departed this life March 1, 1872, leaving the father and eight children to mourn the loss. He hved a widower for three years, then married a lady by the name of Anna Bowman. They have three children, Austin, Stella, Sybilton, who are all living at the present writing. Our subject was elected Trustee of Madison Township in the year 1868, and has retained the office every year except one up to the present writing. He has been a member of the school board for over twelve years, and takes an active part in the way of educating the youth. He now owns a farm of 100 acres, beautifully situated and well cultivated, He is also an active worker in the Democratic party, and is well situated for enjoy- ing the pleasures of this life. WILLIAM GILLIAM, retired farmer; P. 0., Trotwood. Was born in the State of Kentucky, Dec. 2, 1807. He is a son of Richard Gilliam, deceased of Champaign Co., Ohio. Richard was horn in Virginia, where he was uuited in mar- riage to Martha Hodge, of Virginia. By this union there were born to them five children, William, the subject of this sketch, the only one now living. Richard and family emigrated to Kentucky, and from there he moved to Ohio and settled in Clark Co., in a very early day. He then moved to Champaign Co., where he died. His widow, Martha, and family returned to Virginia, where she died. Wil- liam was left an orphan when quite young. He had to make his home with strangers. He, however, by '‘pluck and energy,” pushed himself along in hfe. He learned the tanner and currier trade; served three years as an apprentice; worked five years as a journeyman. He then engaged in the business two years for himself in Rockingham Co., Va. He was united in marriage Feb. 26, 1833, to Miss Anna Rife, of Rockingham Co., Va. By this union there has been born to them ten children, six of whom are now living, viz.: Mary A., born Dec, 17, 1835; Andrew, born April 21, 1840. Fie is married to Miss Elizabeth Nicely, a daughter of Jacob Nicely, of Randolph Township. Andrew now resides in Miami City, Ohio. Frances, born April 20, 1844, now the wife of William Gunther, of Madison Township. Jonathan, born Nov. 2, 1850; he is married to Miss Martha Seybold, a daughter of David Seybold, of Randolph Township. Amanda, born Nov. 6, 1852, and Sidney, born Oct. 27, 1859. William emigrated to Ohio and settled in Madison Township, Montgomery County, in 1835. In the same year he moved to Perry Township, where he remained some four years, when he returned to Madison Township, where he has since lived. He taught school in Virginia, and after having come to Ohio, he taught in Perry and Madison Townships. Mr. Gilliam has served as a School Director a number of terms in his school district. He was elected Township Trustee one term. Was elected a Justice of the Peace, but refused to serve. He was elected Township Clerk in-1854-, and continued in the office until 1874, in all twenty years in Madison Township. Mr. Gilliam owns a farm of 146 acres of land where lie hves adjoining Trotwood. Iiis wife, Anna, is a member of the German Baptist Church and has been since 1836. Mr. Gilliam, on account of his age, has quit farming. His son Jonathan is living on the old home place, engaged in farming it. Sidney E. is a school teacher. She has taught school for the past two or three years. LEWIS C. KIMMEL, County Commissioner; P. O., Dayton. This gentle- man belongs to a family of this county of distinguished Revolutionary fame. David Kimmel, the great grandparent and founder of the family in America, was MADISON TOWNSHIP. 321 born among the mountains of Switzerland. He came to this country in 1760, settling in what is now known as York Co., Pa. At the breaking out of the Revo- lutionary War, David, his son and grandparent of the present family, quickly embraced the cause of the patriots. The principles of liberty instilled in his heart, in his own native Republic, and the remembrances of the songs of freedom he had from infancy listened to in his Alpine home, were enough to guide his arm in the struggle of his adopted country. He was with Washington in his marches and engagements in New York and New Jersey. He was among those who made the famed and perilous trip across the Delaware in midwinter, and as a result of the undertaking capturing Trenton and the Hessian soldiers. He participated in the victorious battle of Princeton, fought in the terrible and disastrous battle of Brandywine, witnessed Burgoyne’s surrender at Saratoga, and suffered with co- patriots the miseries and privations of Valley Forge. For seven years he fought the good fight as one of the heroes of ’76, and at last witnessed and participated in the culmination of that grand struggle for liberty and independence, the sur- render of Cornwallis at Yorktown. After the war this old hero returned to his home to quietly and peacefully engage in the pursuits of his life, and henceforth enjoy the liberty he had so gallantly fought to win. Lewis Kimmel’s grandparent, on his mother’s side, Samuel Niswonger, from whom the Niswongers of this county descended, also greatly distinguished himself in the Revolution, being in almost all the principal battles fought in the North. David Kimmel, the grandparent, had six children, and with Lewis, the father of our subject, came to Ohio in 1817, settling in Madison Township, this county. Lewis lived on this farm up to the time of his death, about five years ago. Samuel Niswonger came to this country in 1791. He belonged to the River Brethren, a branch of the Dunkard Church. David Kimmel belonged to the Dunkard sect proper. The remains of both of these Revolutionary soldiers rest in the burial ground of the Dunkard Church, seven miles west of Dayton. Lewis, Sr., had twelve children, eleven now living, of whom Lewis, Jr., our subject, was born in 1848. His boyhood career was that of a farmer boy, working on the farm in sum- mer and attending school in winter. In politics he is a Democrat, following the example of his father, who had marshalled under Jackson and the earlier Demo- cratic fathers. Up to the time of his election to the office of County Commissioner, he had never sought office. The office he now occupies is one of much importance to ike people, involving, as it does, the supervision and control of all the monies of the county, and Mr. K. was triumphantly elected to it only after a bitter partizan fight. It is but just to say that Mr. Kimmel has always received the hearty co- operation of his colleagues in an effort to maintain the dignity and economically administer the business of this high and responsible office. He was married on the 12th of September, 1872, to Miss May Miller, daughter of John Miller, on the Eaton Pike, in Jefferson Township, Montgomery County. By her he has had two children, both living, a boy 6 years old and a girl 8 years old. M. LANDIS, farmer; P. 0., Trotwood. Mr. Landis is a farmer and tobacco raiser. Our subject was the son of Abraham and Mary Landis, was bom in Mad- ison Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, in the year 1886, June 10. Attained his education in the common schools. Started out in life at the age of 19 years; mar- ried Mary Schock in the year 1861. Bought seven acres of his father’s old home farm, living on it ’till 1865, he then bought the farm he now owns of 51 acres, which is well cultivated in raising grain and tobacco. He is an active politician in the Democratic party, and has been a Township Trustee since 1873, he is also a member of the school board, and takes an active interest in education. . PHILIP STETTLER, retired farmer; P. 0., Trotwood. The subject of this memoir was born in Miami Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, Feb. 4, 1813. His father, Daniel Stettler, was a native of Berks Co., Pa. He was born in June, 1773. His grand father, George V. Stettler, emigrated from Pennsylvania, and settled in Miami Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, in the year 1804, where he lived until . u 322 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: bis death, April 23, 1815. Daniel Stettler, was united in marriage about the year 1810, to Catharine Gelires. She was born in Pennsylvania, and emigrated to Ohio in 1805. She lived in Butler Co., Ohio, at the time of her marriage. This union was blessed by the birth of four children, two of whom are now living, viz: Philip, the subject of this memoir, and Hannah, wife of Jacob Schen, of Miamisburg, Ohio. Daniel was a soldier in the war of 1812. He died in Miami Township, June, 1853, in his 80th year. His wife, Catharine, died Nov. 27, 1863. She was born in the year 1783. Philip was reared on his father’s farm in Miami Township, until he was married, excepting a part of the time when he learned and worked at the cooper trade. He was united in marriage July 3, 1838, to Mary Ann Bertels, a daughter of John Bertels, of Jefferson Township. He was born in Hamburgh, Prussia, Oct. 20, 1788. He emigrated to America and settled in Pennsylvania, in the year 1800. He served as a soldier in the war of 1812. He was married to Catharine Elizabeth Moyer, of Berks Co., Pa. He emigrated to Ohio in 1834, and settled in Jefferson Township, Montgomery Co. He died Jan. 30, 1853. His widow died April, 1851, she was born July 22, 1802. By the marriage of Philip and Mary Ann, there have been born to them four children, two of whom are now living, viz: Monroe D., bom Nov. 1, 1846. He is united in marriage to Mrs. Dr. Patten. He resides in Madison Township, and Francis. C., born Nov. 6, 1856. Mr. S. is a member of the German Reformed Church, and his wife is a member of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Stettler moved to Madison Township, March 31, 1864. He is the owner of a farm where he lives, near Trotwood, of 158 acres. Mr. S. served one term as a Township Trustee in Madison Township. He is a man who does not seek political preferment, but prefers to follow the more certain and quiet- life of a farmer. He is now in the declining days of his life, reaping the reward of an industrious and economical career. STEPHEN ULLERY, farmer; P. O., Trotwood. The subject of this memoir was horn in Randolph Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, June 11, 1831. His father, Samuel Ullery, was a native of Huntington Co., Pa. He was born in the year 1794. The father of Samuel, Stephen Ullery, emigrated to Ohio from Pennsylvania, and settled in Montgomery County in 1811. Samuel was united in marriage to Miss Susan Miller. By this union there was born to them one child, viz : Susan, now the wife of David Beechley, of Madison Township. His wife, Susan, died and he was united in marriage to his second wife, Susan Whitehead, a daughter of Valentine Whitehead, of Madison Township, deceased. By this union there were born to them ten children, eight of whom are now living, viz: Moses, who lives in Madison Township ; Aaron, who lives in Randolph Township ; Stephen, of Madison Township; Mary, now wife of David Cripe, of Madison Township; Samuel of Madison Township ; Christopher of Madison Township, and Valentine of Dakota Territory. Samuel Ullery lived and died a member of the German Bap- tist Church. He departed this life Jan. 23, 1865. His widow is still living, and is a member of the same church. Stephen, the subject of this memoir, was reared a farmer, and has since followed the choice of his youth. He was united in marriage May 23, 1850, to Maria C. Mumma, a daughter of Samuel Mumma, cf Harrison Township, deceased. She was born April 1832. The marriage cere- mony was performed by Rev. Priser, of the Lutheran Church. This marriage has been blessed by the birth of eleven children, of whom eight are now living, viz: Samuel, Susan, wife of Perry Holler, of Madison Township, Stephen E., Katie <1., now the wife of Greely Pfoutz, of Madison Township, Ira C., Amos S., Monroe D. and Harry C. Mr. and Mrs. Ullery are members of the German Baptist Church. Mr. Ullery has been a resident of Montgomery County since his birth, in 1831. He is the owner of a farm of 97 acres of land, where he lives, near Trotwood, in Madison Township. JOHN VANIMAN, farmer; P. O., Trotwood. The subject of this memoir was born in Madison Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, March 2, 1823. His father, Jacob Vaniman, was bom in the year 1793, in the State of Pennsvl- ■ WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 323 vania. He emigrated to Ohio from Pennsylvania, in the year 1803, and settled in Madison Township, Montgomery County. Jacob Yaniman was united in marriage to Miss Polly Bowman, a daughter of David" Bowman, of Jefferson Township, deceased. This union was blessed by the birth of ten children, eight of whom are now living, viz: John, the. subject of this memoir; Elizabeth, now the wife of Jacob Garber, of Madison Towhship; David, who lives in Illinois; Jacob of Illin ois; Daniel of Illinois ; Polly, wife of Samuel Teter, of Madison Township ; Barbara, wife of Samuel W. Stutsman of Illinois. Jacob Vaniman was a member of the German Baptist Church. He departed this life in the year 1861. John, the subject of this memoir was reared a farmer, and has since followed the choice of his youth. He was united in marriage March 27, 1844, to Elizabeth Landis, a daughter of Samuel Landis, of Jefferson Township, deceased. By this marriage there have been born to them nine children, all of whom are now living, viz: Mary, the wife of Martin Niswander, of Madison Township; Catharine, wife of Daniel Garber, of Darke Co., Ohio; Elizabeth, wife of Noah Eby of Illinois; David, of Madison Township; Samuel of Washington Township; Daniel W., Sarah, Barbara and Rachael. Elizabeth departed this life, Sept. 7, 1870. She was a member of the German Baptist Chinch. Mr. Vaniman was united to his second wife, Barbara Cripe, (nee Brandt,) a daughter of Abraham Brandt, deceased, May 17, 1873. Mr. Yaniman united with the German Baptist Church in the year 1843. The baptis- mal service was performed by John Brower, a minister of the chinch of his choice. His wife, Barbara, united with the same church in the year 1844. Mr. Vaniman moved upon the farm which he now owns, of 134 acres of land, in Mad- ison Township, in 1864, where he has since continued to reside. Mr.Vaniman has been elected a number of terms as a school director in his district. MRS. SARAH WEAVER, P. 0., Mummaville. The subject of this sketch was born in Jefferson Township, Montgomery Co., Ohio, June 2, 1822. She is a daughter of James Ohver, late of Jefferson Township, deceased. James Oliver was a native of Rockingham Co., Va. Sarah was united in marriage June 6, 1843, to George Weaver. He was bom Nov. 8, 1808, in Rockingham Co., Va. By this union there was born to them one child, who is still living, viz: Mary Ann, born Jan. 16, 1844. In the year 1846, George Weaver settled in Madison Township, where he hved until his death, March 28, 1880. His widow, the subject of this memoir, is still living on the old homestead in Madison Township. Mrs. Weaver is a member of the German Baptist Church. She united with the church in 1880, The baptismal services were performed by John Smith, a minister of the church of her choice. Her daughter, Mary Ann, was united in marriage Jan. 22, 1860, to Dr. C. Patten of Union, Randolph Township. By this marriage there was born to them one child, viz: George O., born March 19, 1862. Dr. C. Patten died May 1, 1863. His widow, Mary Ann, was united in marriage to her second husband, Monroe D. Stettler, May 1, 1863. By this union there has been born to them one child, viz : Harry N., horn Feb. 26, 1876. (For a history of Monroe D. see sketch of Phillip Stettler.) Monroe D. hves on the “old” Weaver homestead. WAYNE TOWNSHIP. JOHN ALLEN, farmer; P.O. Brandt, Miami Co., was born in Monmouth Co., N. J., Nov. 19, 1797, of parents, William and Sarah (Johnston) Allen, natives of the same county and State, the latter dying when our subject was only four years of age, and ten years later he was an orphan, his father dying in 1811, soon after which he was bound as an apprentice to a blacksmith, until 21 years of age. During the lifetime of his father he received the usual rudimentary training that the schools of 324 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: the period afforded, and in the indenture it was stated that four months schooling should he given him. It was under these circumstances that Mr. Allen began life. After reaching his majority, and having served his time as an apprentice, he left the State of his nativity on foot, in the month of August, bound for Ohio. Arriv- ing at Franklin, Warren County, that same month, he at once found employment, and worked in that village at ironing wagons until the middle of December, when he returned to New Jersey, and on the 15tli of the following June, was united in marriage ■with Margaret Jolmes of Middlesex County. On the 4tli of June, 1830, he emigrated to Ohio, having then three children, namely: Sarah, Andrew J. and Stephen J. He stopped for a while in the vicinity of Franklin, then removed (Sep- tember 15,) to his present farm in Section 18, in the extreme northern part of Montgomery County, (Wayne Township,) near the Miami County line, where he has since resided. There have been added to his family here, William and Alice. Of the five children, Andrew J. and Stephen J. are still living, the latter now serving as County Treasurer. The wife’s parents were natives, the father, Stephen Johnes, of New Jersey, and the mother, — Titus, of Berks Co., Pa. The wife of our sub- ject died Dec. 14, 1871. Mr. Allen has served the people of Wayne Township as Trustee for twenty-three years. He is an intelligent and practical man, and one of considerable business tact, which in connection with great industry, has enabled him to amass quite a fortune. He and his sons now possessing in the neighborhood of 1000 acres of land. In politics he is a Democrat, and at one time was nomi- nated on that ticket with Peter P. Lowe, of Dayton, for Representative in the State Legislature, but was defeated. He is genial, kind-hearted, and has been a use- ful man to the citizens of the township and county, and his home has ever been hospitable, “the latch string ever out.” DAVID 13ASKINAN, retired farmer; P. 0., Osborn, GreeneCo.,was born Oct 6, 1822. He received a common school education. When he attained the age of nine years his father died, and he was thrown out to battle with the cruel world. He was j bound out to his uncle, but ran away, after being cruelly treated and over- worked j for two years He went home to his mother who had previously gone to house- keeping; remained with her, following agricultural pursuits, until he joined his ' brother in tilling the soil for themselves. His brother sickened and died the same year, and passed over the golden shore to the other side of the Jordan, from whence no traveler returneth. David then rented land, tilled the soil for himself, and j boarded with his mother until his marriage in 1849, to Elizabeth, daughter of John and Peggy Garber. He continued the occupation of farming, renting land until 1851, when he purchased 100 acres where he now resides, and by untiring , industry and close attention to business, temperate and industrious habits, he has obtained a large amount of property. Mr. Baskinan is one of the staunch ener- getic men that has raised Montgomery County to its present standard. He was elected to the offices of Township Trustee and Supervisor, and discharged the many responsibilities incident to his official duties to the entire satisfaction of all con- cerned. He has never identified himself with any religious organization, but is moral in his deportment, honest, a kind and indulgent parent and husband, kind and hospitable to all that come under his roof. He has won the respect and con- fidence of all with whom he is brought in contact. He was the father of two children, one of whom is living, John fi., born Sept. 15, 1851. JACOB BEYL, retired farmer; P. O., Osborn Greene Co. The gentleman whose name heads the following sketch, was one of the early settlers of this county, and is now classed among its most prominent citizens. He is one of the staunch, energetic men that have made the Buckeye State what it is to-day. He was born in Northampton Co., Pa., Aug. 6, 1806, and for twenty-one years aided his father in the care of the home place. His education was very limited, being only such as could be obtained in the district schools of the county, which were then not the best. In 1827, at the age of 21 years he married Magdaline, the daughter of Jacob and Aney Hartman. As a result of this union they had born to them seven children, WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 325 of whom four are now living, viz: Elizabeth, Solomon, Catharine and Matilda. After marriage he rented land of his father, and lived near the old homestead until his father’s death, when he purchased the home farm. Here he made his home until 1838, when he came to Ohio, locating in Fairfield, Green County, and engaged in the business of grocer. Not making a success of the new business he sold out, went to Indiana, and again became a tiller of the soil on a farm he had previously purchased. Tiring of his new home he disposed of his Indiana farm and returning to the “Buckeye State,” opene a grocery in Dayton, where he carried on success- fully for nine months, at the expiration of which time he disposed of his stock and made an extended visit to the place of his nativity. In 1846 he returned to Ohio and purchased the farm where he now resides, which contains 147 acres. At the time of his taking possession there were hut 30 acres of it under cultivation, hut with his usual untiring zeal he commenced the clearing of the balance, and now it is all, with the exception of 15 acres, being tilled by this sturdy farmer’s son, who is caring for his father’s farm. The improvements on the farm consist of a large two-story brick residence, a large barn, and such other improvements as will be found surrounding the model farmer of to-day. In closing this sketch we will say Mr. Beyl has lived a life of honesty and integrity, and is now reaping the reward in the respect of his fellow men and the happy family that surround him. He and his worthy wife have both been connected with the Lutheran Church for sixty years past, and in the bright hereafter they are sure to receive the merited blessing for their fidelity to the Master’s cause. JESSE F. BOOHER, farmer; P. 0., Taylorsville. Among the prominent farmers of this county is Jesse F. Booher, who was horn Feb. 24, 1836. He ob- tained his education in the district schools of the county, and was brought up to farm labor. He was united in marriage with Loviua, daughter of John and Eliza Sintz, in 1860, and rented land and set out with an indomitable will to gain some of the comforts of life. He purchased a farm in Indiana, containing 80 acres,' and moved his family on to it. lie remained there three years and disposed of it, and returned to this township and purchased the farm wdiere he now resides, contain- ing 80 acres in 1877, about 60 acres is under cultivation and improved. They are the parents of two children, viz: John D. and Clark L. JAMES CAMPBELL, farmer: P. O., Osborn, Greene Co. The gentleman whose name heads this sketch, is a man who deserves a place in the front rank of the old pioneers. He was born Oct. 28, 1811. His father, John D., was a native of Washington Co., Pa., and came to Ohio in 1805, and settled in this township. He was united in marriage with Margaret Grimes. They were the parents of seven children, of whom two are living, viz : Samuel A. and James, the subject of this memoir, was educated in the common schools. He was not permitted to attend school regularly, hut by applying himself diligently to his studies he obtained a good understanding of the English language, and assisted his father in tilling the soil. Pie celebrated his marriage with Ruth, daughter of Daniel and Elanor Filer, May 11, 1842, and moved on to the farm where lie now resides, which he had pre- viously purchased, and by hard labor and industry, has added 51 acres, making in all 1 01 J acres, of which about 80 acres are under cultivation. Mrs. Campbell was summoned out of this world by the angel of death in 1864. She was a worthy member of the Presbyterian Church. They were the parents of five children, of whom four are living at the present time of writing. CHARLES CROOK, retired farmer; P. O., Taylorsville. The gentleman whose name stands at the head of this sketch is a son of Thomas Crook, and a brother of the distinguished Brig. Gen. George Crook. His father, Thomas, was born in Baltimore, Md., Nov. 30, 1788, and was united in marriage with Elizabeth Matthews, in 1812, with whom he lived thirty-two years. They were the parents of ten children, of whom six are living at the time of writing, viz: Catharine, now Mrs. Thomas Ater; Maria, now Mrs. Samuel Sulivan; Thomas, Capt. Walter, (his sketch appears in the biographies of Butler Township,); Brig. Geu. George and 326 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Charles. His wife was summoned out of this world in 1844. She was a lady who was esteemed by a large circle of friends, and treated everybody that came under their roof with kindness and respect Mr. Crook celebrated his marriage with his second wife, Anna Galahan, Oct. 14, 1845. He survived his second wife five months. Mr. Crook, by occupation was a morocco dresser, but his health becoming impaired was compelled to seek a more active employment, and in 1814 he made his first journey from Baltimore, Maryland to Ohio on horseback, and purchased the farm where he resided until his death. He returned to Baltimore and emigrated in com- pany with his brothers-in-law, Judge Mathews and John Mathews, to Ohio the same year in wagons. From the time of locating here his principal occupation had been farming. By temperate, industrious habits and close attention to his busi- ness, he accumulated a large amount of property, both personal and real. He was elected to the office of Justice of the Peace for a number of terms, and dis- charged the duties of that office to the entire satisfaction of all concerned. He was summoned out of this world by the angel of death in 1874. He was a man of exemplary habits, and was held in high esteem by the citizens of Wayne Town- ship, and all with whom he met, and he w r as one of the men that raised Montgomery County to its present standard. He never identified himself with any church, yet he was moral in his deportment, and the family have lost in him a kind, indulgent father, and the community a good citizen. Charles Crook, the subject of this sketch, was born Oct. 17, 1830, and obtained his primary education in the district schools of the county, and received a higher course in the High School at Spring- field. He assisted his father with agricultural pursuits until he was united in mar- riage with Eliza Booher, in 1855. They had three children, viz: Charles W., (deceased,) Laura E. and Thomas T., he cultivated the home farm until his father’s death, after which he became owner. Mr. Crook has never sought any office, but was elected to the office of County Commissioner, which he filled for three years, beginning in the fall of 1873, thus showing the confidence and esteem with which he was held in the county. Mr. and Mrs. Crook are both worthy members of the German Reformed Church, and have taken an active interest in the cause of religion since 1872. Mr. Crook is a man of untiring industry, and possesses good business qualities. He is a kind and indulgent parent and husband, and is held in high esteem by his many friends. BIOGRAPHY OF A CENTENARIAN. John Cuppy was born at Morristown, N. J., March 11, 1761. When an infant twelve months old his father emigrated to Hampshire Co., Va. In 1779 lie joined the American army as a private and was placed in Capt. McManus’ com- pany and ordered into Eastern Virginia to fight against the numerous bands of Tories that were organizing to join Col. Tarlton for the purpose of raiding and laying waste the settlements in North and South Carolina. He was present at the capture and execution of George Wolf, the leader of a notorious band of outlaws, who carried on a guerilla warfare under the supervision of Tarlton in North Caro- lina; at which time he received an honorable discharge, and returned to his home in Hampshire County. He entered the service again in 1781, at which time he was attached as a private to a company of volunteers under the command of Capt. Robert Means. Before the company received orders to march, the news of Lord Cornwallis’ surrender at Yorktown was confirmed. On the receipt of this intelligence, the company was disbanded and the soldiers returned to their homes, again holding themselves in readiness for a future campaign. In 1788 Mr. Cuppy emigrated to Ohio Co., Va., and erected a log cabin on the banks of the Ohio river, near the site of New Cumberland. The government erected a block house and stationed a small body of soldiers near where the town of Wellsburgh now stands, for the purpose of protecting the hardy pioneers from the numerous bands of hostile Indians who frequently crossed the Ohio river to murder and rob the settlers. Mr. Cuppy and one of liis neighbors, after being attacked by the Indians, and WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 327 causing two of them to “bite the dust,” by their never-failing rifles, removed his family to Cox’s Block House, which was then occupied by Capt. Samuel Brady, who had command of thirty sharp shooters. After removing his family to a place of safety, he entered the service of the United States as a scout. From the spring of 1791 to the autumn of 1794, in company with Capt. Samuel Brady, his mess- mate, he acted as a scout along the hanks of the Ohio river. During this eventful period of his hfe, he endured many privations and made numerous hair breadth escapes. For four consecutive years he never slept on a bed. He was present and took an active part in the bushwhack battle at Cross Creek, between thirty scouts and a large party of Indians. In this battle Lawson Yanbuskirk, George Aidy and William Davis were killed, and Samuel B-icks wounded. The Indians were routed with a loss of fifteen killed and nine wounded. Shortly after the termination of his active service as a scout, he was appointed by Lieutenant Governor Wood, the then acting Governor of Virginia, on the 17th day of August, 1796, Captain of a company in the 1st BataUion of the 4th Begi- ment of the 10th Brigade, 3d Division, Virginia Militia. In a short time after receiving this appointment, he was called upon to aid in the suppression of the rebellion caused by the passage of the “Excise Laws.” In this expedition he was eminently successful, and won the esteem of his superior officers and comrades in arms. . When the insurrectionary movement was arrested and quiet restored, he retired from the army, and returned with his family to his log cabin home on the banks of the beautiful Ohio river. At that time the country was an almost unbroken forest, and it required strong arms and stout hearts to convert the howl- ing wilderness into the beautiful farms that can be seen at the present time in that locality. He remained in the State of Virginia, devoting himself entirely to the peaceful pursuits of agriculture, until the autumn of 1821, at which time, owing to the death of his wife, to whom he was devotedly attached, he disposed of his farm and removed to Lawrenceburg, Ind., where he resided with his son-in-law, Mr. Samuel Bartholomew, who married his eldest daughter, Elizabeth. In the spring of 1823 he came to Southern Ohio, and settled on a farm in Wayne Town- ship, where he resided until the time of his death. He was not only a kind husband but an affectionate father, and greatly beloved by his children. In his manners he waB plain