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COL. GEORGE WASHINGTON FLOWERS 
 MEMORIAL COLLECTION 
 
 DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 DURHAM. N. C. 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
 W. W. FLOWERS 
 
THE 
 
 VOLUNTEER'S HAND BOOK 
 
 CONTAINING AN ABRIDGMENT OP 
 
 ^Mtt'^ fttfatttvg la^wsii, 
 
 ADAPTED TO THE USE OF THJB 
 
 PERCUSSION MUSKET IN SQUAD AND COMPANY EXERCISES, 
 MANUAL OF ARMS FOR RIFLEMEN, 
 
 AND 
 
 UNITED STATES ARMY 
 
 EEGULATIONS AS TO PARADES, REVIEWS, INSPECTIONS, 
 GUARD MOUNTING, AC. 
 
 BY 
 
 JAMES K. LEE, OF THE FIRST REGIMENT 
 
 OF 
 
 VIRGINIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Published by order of the State of North Carolina» 
 
 RALEIGH : 
 
 PRINTED AT THU INST. FOR THE DEAF 4 DUMB k THB BLIXO. 
 
 1S61. 
 

 ^7 '5.'} ^'2. 
 
 INSTRUCTION 
 
 lustructiou. 
 
 First principles having the greatest influence upon 
 individual instruction, upon which that of the company 
 and regiment depend, recruits should be watched with 
 the greatest care. Instructors should explain, in a few 
 clear and precise words, the movement to be executed ; 
 and not to overburden the memory of the men, they 
 should always use the same words to explain the same 
 principles. They should often join example to precept, 
 should keep up the attention of the men by an animated 
 tone, and pass rapidly from one movement to another, 
 aa soon as that which they command has been executed 
 in a satisfactory manner. 
 
 As the discipline and efficiency of a company materi- 
 ally depend upon the conduct and character of its non- 
 commissioned officers, these should be selected with 
 care, and properly instructed in all the duties apper- 
 taining to their rank. And as such instruction is in- 
 tended principally to qualify them for the instruction of 
 the privates, they should be taught not only to execute, 
 but to explain intelligibly every thing they may be re^ 
 quired to teacb. 
 
 9 9 1! P; O /I (« 
 
6 COMMANDS. * 
 
 Commands. 
 
 Commarwis are of three kinds : The command ofcaw- 
 iioTi, which is attention; the preparatory command, 
 which indicates the movement which is to be executed ; 
 and the command of <?X(Scwf^07^, such as ?narc7i, or halt. 
 
 The tone of command should be animated, distinct, 
 and of a loudness proportioned to the number of men 
 under instruction. The cornxn^iv^d attention is pronounc- 
 ed at the top of the voice, dwelling on the last syllable. 
 The command of execution should be pronounced in a 
 tone firm and brief.* Those preparatory commands, 
 which from their length are difficult to be pronouncedat 
 once, must be divided into two or three parts, with an 
 ascending progression in the tone of command, but al- 
 ways so that the tone of execution may be more energetic 
 and elevated.f 
 
 * The commands of caution and the preparatory commands 
 arc herein distinguished by bold face, those of execution by 
 CAPITALS. 
 
 t The divisions are herein indicated by a hyphen. The parts 
 of commands which are placed in a parenthesis are not pro- 
 nounced. 
 
PART I. 
 
 THE SQ,UAD. 
 
 The squad drill is the very basis of all proficiency in 
 military exercise. In most cases, it is impracticable to 
 instruct volunteers in squads of less than four or eight 
 men nt a time. Hence it is important that the men 
 should fix and keep their attention upon tlie instructor, 
 who ouiiht as far as possible, to add example to precept 
 in all of his instructions. 
 
 In all the following exercises to ^ G7, the recruit is sup- 
 posed to be icithout arms. After lie is taught the use of 
 arms, the loadings and firings, he should be well exer- 
 cised with arms in the whole of the sqnad-drill, before 
 proceeding to the movements of company-drill. 
 
 Position of tlie Soldier. 
 
 I 1. Heels on the same line and as close together as 
 the conformation of the man will permit, the feet turned 
 out equally and forming with each other something 
 less than a right angle; kness straight without stiff- 
 ness; body erect on the hips, inclining a little forward; 
 shoulders square and falling equally; arms hanging nat- 
 urally ; elbows near the body; palms of the hands 
 turned a little to the front, the little fingers behind the 
 seam of the pantaloons; head erect and square to the 
 front, without constraint; china little drawn in ; eyes 
 fix'ed straight to the Iront and striking the ground about 
 the distance of fifteen paces. 
 
 1. Eyes-RIGHT. 2. FRONT. 
 
 I 2. At the word right, turn the head gently to the 
 right, so as to bring the inner corner of the left eye in 
 a line with the centre of the body, the eye fixed on the 
 line of the eyes of the men in, or supposed to be in, 
 the same rank. At the word front, resume the direct 
 position. 
 
 221524 ■ 
 
S THE SQUAD. 
 
 The movement of C7/es-LE¥T \y\]\ he executed bv in- 
 verse means. 
 
 The instructor will take care tliat the movement of 
 the head does not derange the squareness of the shoul- 
 ders. 
 
 REST. 
 
 ^ 3. At the command rest, stand at ease. 
 
 1. Uteiitioii. 2. SQ,UAD. 
 
 § 4. At the first v^'ord, the recruit will fix his atten- 
 tion ; at the second, he will resume the prescribed po- 
 sition and steadiness. 
 
 FACINGS. 
 
 1. Squad. 2. Right (or Left)-FACE. 
 
 § 5. At the second command, raise the right foot 
 slightly, turn to tlie right (or left), on the left heel, 
 raising the toe a little, and then replace the right heel, 
 by the side of the left, and on the same line. 
 
 FRONT. 
 
 I 6. Turn on the left heel so as to regain the first 
 position, and replace the right heel by the side of the 
 left. 
 
 1. Squad. 2, ABOUT-FACE. 
 
 ^ 7. At the word about, turn or. the lett heel, bring 
 the left toe to the front, carry the right foot to the rear, 
 the hollow opy)Osite to and full three mches from the 
 left heel, the feet square to each other. At the w^ord 
 fare, turn on both heels, raise the toes a little, extend 
 the thighs and face to the r ar, bringing, at the same 
 time, the right heel by the side of the left. 
 
 The men should take care that these motions do not 
 derange the erect position of the body. 
 
 The Direct Step. 
 
 § S. The direct step, or pace, in cnmmon time is 
 twenty-eight inches, veckoning from heel to heel, and at 
 the rate of ninety in a minute. 
 
THE SQUAD* 9 
 
 1. S<|uad, forward. 2. Common time. 3. MARCH. 
 
 I 9. At the first command, feel tlie weight of the body 
 on the right leg, without bending the left knee. At the 
 command March, step off with the left foot, carrying it 
 straight forward twenty-eight inches from the right, the 
 sole near the ground, the ham extended, the toe a little 
 depressed, and, as also the knee, slightly turned out ; at 
 the same time, throw the weight of the body forward, 
 and plant flat the left foot, without shock, precisely at 
 the distance where it finds itself from the right, when 
 the weight of the body is brought forward, the wholeof 
 which will now rest on the advanced foot. Next, in like 
 manner, advance the right foot and plant it as above, 
 the heel twenty-eight inches from the heel of the left 
 foot, and thus continue to march, without crossing the 
 legs, or striking the one against the other, without turn- 
 ing the shoulders, and preserving always the face direct 
 to the front. 
 
 1. Squad. 5. HALT. 
 
 ^ 10. At the world half, which will be pronoun ceda^ 
 the instant when either foot is coming to the ground, the 
 foot in the rear will be brought up, and planted by the 
 side of the other, without shock. 
 
 The quick Step. 
 
 ? 11. The principles of the step in quick time are the 
 ■same as for common time, but itsswiftnesssis at therate 
 of one hundred and ten steps per minute. As soon aa 
 the recruit has acquired steadiness ; has become estab'- 
 lished in the manual of arms, and in the mechanism, 
 length, and swiftness of the step in common time, he 
 will be practiced only in quick time, the double quick, 
 tind the run. The instnictor, wishing the squad to 
 march in quick time, will command, 
 
 1. Squad, forward. 2. MARCH. 
 
 ? 12. At the command march, the squad will step off 
 and continue to march in quick time.* 
 
 *Whcn the timo is not indicated in the preparatory coa - 
 wand, the gquad willalsrajs step off in q?7ICK timiu 
 
10 THE SQUAD. 
 
 The Double quick step. 
 
 2 13. The length of the double quick step is thirty- 
 three inches, and its swiftness at the rate of one hun- 
 dred and sixty-five steps per minute. 
 
 1. Double quick step. 2. MARCH. 
 
 2 14. At the first cominand, raise the hands to a level 
 with the hips, the hands closed, tlie nails toward the 
 "body, the elbov/s to the rear. 
 
 § 15. At the second command, raise to the front the 
 left leg bent to its greatest elevation, that part between 
 the knee and the instep vertical, the toe depressed ; re- 
 place the foot in its former position ; execute with the 
 right ] eg what has just leeri jirescrilecHoT the left, and 
 continue the alternate moven^ent of the legs until ■ the 
 command, 
 
 1. Squad. 2. HALT. 
 
 2 16. At the command ^aZ^, bring the foot which is 
 raised by the side of the other, drop the hands and re- 
 sume the position of the soldier. 
 
 i. Squad, forward. 2. Double quick. 3. MARCH, 
 
 f 17. At the first command, throw the weight of the 
 "body on the right leg. At the second, place the arms 
 as indicated in ^ 14. At third, carry forward the l-efk 
 foot, the leg slightly ben.t, the knee raised, plant the left 
 foot, the toe first, thirty-three inches from- the right,, and 
 with the right foot execute what has just been prescrib- 
 ed for the left. The weight of the body should be 
 thrown upon the foot that is planted, and the men 
 should breathe as much as possible through the nose, 
 keeping the mouth closed. 
 
 The Run. 
 
 § 18. The principles of the run are tTie same as for 
 the double quick step, the only difference consisting in 
 a greater degree of swiftness.'^ 
 
 * To obtain witli accuracy the cadence of difl'erent steps, 
 tbe pendulum or metronome must be employed. 
 
 In our latitude, the pendulum, to vibrate common time, should 
 \« 17.37 inches in length ; to vibrate quick time, 11,63 inches m 
 laagthj and to vihratfl double quick tiiM, 5.17 ioGhea La length. 
 
THE SQUAD. 11 
 
 Alignment. 
 
 § 19. Six or eight men should be united in one rank, 
 elbow to elbow, and numbered from right to left in order 
 to be taught the principles of alignment, or dressing on 
 a line. The instructor will at first teach them to align 
 themselves man by man ; to this end he will command 
 the two men on the right flank to march two paces to the 
 front, and having aligned them, he will caution the rem- 
 ainder of the squad to move up as they may be successively 
 called, each by his number, and align them'selves success- 
 ively on the line of the- first two, men. 
 
 § 20. Each man, as designated by his number, will turn 
 the head and eyes to the right, as prescrilxid in § 2, and 
 will march in quick time two paces forward, shortening 
 the last so as to find himself about six inches behind the 
 new alignment, which he ought never to pass ; he will 
 next move up steadily by steps of two or three inches, the 
 thighs extended, to the side of the man next to him on 
 the alignment, so that, without deranging the head, the 
 line of the eyes, or that of the shoulders, he may find 
 himself in the exact line of his neighbor, whose elbow he 
 will lightly touch without opening his own; 
 
 The instructor seeing the rank well aligned, will com- 
 mand: 
 
 FRONT, 
 
 § 21. At this the men will turn their eyes to the front 
 and remain firm. 
 
 § 22. Alignments to the left v/ill be executed on the 
 same principles. 
 
 When the men shall have thus learned to align them- 
 selves man by man correctly, the instructor will cause the 
 entire rank to align itself at once by the command: 
 Right (or left)-DRESS. 
 
 § 23. At this, the rank, except the two men placed as a 
 basis of alignment, will move up in quick time, and place 
 themselves on the new line as prescribed in § 20. 
 
 The instructor seeing the rank aligned will command : 
 FRONT. 
 
 § 24. Alignments to the rear will be executed on the 
 same principles, the men stepping back a little beyond 
 
I'ii THE SQUAD. 
 
 the line and then dressing up by steps of two or three 
 
 inches as prescribed in § 20, the instructor commanding : 
 
 Right (or left) backu ard-DRESS. 
 
 To march to the front. 
 
 § 2.3. The rank being aligned, when the instructor 
 
 shall wish to cause it to march by the front, he will place a 
 
 well-instructed man on the right or left according to the 
 
 side on which he may wish the guide to be, and command : 
 
 1. Squad, forward. 2 Guide right (or left). 3. MARCH* 
 
 § 26. At the word march, the rank will step off prompt- 
 ly with the left foot ; the guide should takp care to march 
 straight to the front ; the men should touch lightly the elbow 
 toward the side of the guide, be careful not to open out the 
 left elbow nor the right arm, yield topresure coming from 
 the side of the guide, and resist that coming from the op- 
 posite side, keep the head direct to the front, no matter 
 on which side the guide may be, and if found before or 
 behind the alignment, shorten or lengthen the step by de- 
 grees, almost insensible, until the foult is corrected. 
 To March Obliquely, 
 
 The squad being in march, the instructor desiring them 
 to march obliquely, will command: 
 
 1. Right (or left) oblique. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 27. At the second command, each man will make a 
 half face to the right (or left), and will then march 
 straight forward in the new direction. As the men no 
 longer touch elbows, they will glance along the shoulders 
 of the nearest files toward the side to which they are ob- 
 liquing, and will regulate their steps so that the shoulders 
 shall always be behind that of their next neighbor on that 
 side, and that his liead shall conceal the heads of the 
 other men in the rank. The men should preserve the 
 same length of pace and the same degree of obliquity: 
 
 The instructor wishing to resume the primitive direction, 
 will command : 
 
 1. Forward. 2. MARCH. 
 
 ? 28. At the second command, each man will make a 
 iialffaceto the left (or right), and all will then march 
 straiijht to the front as in the direct march. 
 
THE SQUAD. 
 
 13 
 
 The squad being at a halt, if the instructor should wish 
 to march it in the back step, he will command: 
 
 1. Squad, backward. 2. Guide right (or left). 
 3. MARCH. 
 
 ^ 29 At the command march, step off smartly with the 
 left foot fourteen inches to the rear, and so on with the 
 feet in succession, the head direct to the front, touching 
 the elbow toward the guide and yielding to pressure from 
 that side, until the command halt. At this command 
 bring the foot in front by the side of the other. 
 To mark time. 
 The squad marching in the direct step in common or 
 quick time, the instructor will command : 
 1. Mark time. 2. MARCH. 
 § 30. At the second command, which will be given at 
 the instant either foot is coming to the ground, make a 
 semblance of marching, by advancing first one foot, and 
 then the other, always bringing back the advanced foot 
 and placing its heefby the side of the heel of the other. 
 1. Change step. 2. 3IARCH. 
 § 31. At the second command, given at the instant 
 either foot is coming to the ground, bring up quickly the 
 foot in the rear to the side of that just come to the ground, 
 and step off with the latter. 
 
 1. Squad, right about. 2. MARCH. 
 ^ 32. At the command march, which will be given _ at 
 the instant the left foot is coming to the ground, bring 
 this foot to the ground, and turning on it face to the rear, 
 then place the right foo^ in the new direction, and step off 
 with the left foot. 
 
 If the squad be marching and the instructor should 
 wish to bring it to a halt and faced to the rear, he will 
 command : 
 
 1. Squad, right about. 2. HAtT. 
 § 33. At the command halt, which will be givei^ "s the 
 left foot is coming to the ground, bring this foot to the 
 ground and turning on it face to the rear, then bring the 
 right foot to the side of the left. 
 
14 THE SQUAD. 
 
 The squad being at halt, the instructor wishing to 
 move it to the right on the same line, will command: 
 1. Side step to the rig^ht. 2. MARCH. 
 
 I 34. At the second command, each man will glance 
 liis eyes to the right, and at the same time carry his 
 right foot about ten inches to the right, and it)stantly 
 brine up his left foot, and so on, the wliole with perfect 
 precision of time, shoulders square to the front, and 
 each man perceptibly halting, when he has closed on 
 the fixed point, or on the man next to him. Thus con- 
 tinues until the command: 
 
 1. Squad. 2. HAI.T. 
 
 § 35. At the second command, bring up the left foot 
 to the side of the right, and stand firm. 
 
 ^ 36. Change of position by side step to the left wWXhQ 
 executed on the same principles by inverse means. 
 To march by the flauk. 
 
 ^ 37. The rank being at a halt and correctly aligned, 
 the instructor will command: 
 
 Count Twos. 
 
 § 38. At this command the men count from right to 
 left, pronouncing in a lond and distinct voice, in the 
 same tone, without hurry, and without turning the 
 head, 07ie, tioo, according to the place which each occu- 
 pies. The instructor will then command : 
 
 1. Squad, right-FACE. 2. Forward 3. MARCH 
 
 g 39. At the command /ace, the squad will face to 
 the right; the even numl>cred men, alt«r facing to the 
 right, will step quickly to the side of the odd numbered 
 men, the latter standing fast, so that when the move- 
 ment is executed, the men will be formed into files of 
 two men abreast. 
 
 ^ 40 At the command, march, the squad will step off 
 smartly with the left foot ; the files keeping aligned 
 and preserving their intervals. 
 
 g 41. To march.ity the left flank will be executed by 
 the same command, substituting the word left ibr right 
 and by inverse means; in this case the even numbered 
 men, after facing to the left, will stand fast, and the odd 
 numbered will place themselve* on their left. 
 
THE SQUAD. 15 
 
 1. Squad. 2. HAtT. 3. FRONT. 
 
 § 42. At the second command, the squad will halt, 
 and afterwards no man will stir, although he may have 
 lost his distance. 
 
 § 43. At the third command, each man will front by 
 facing to the left, if marching by he right flank, and 
 by a face to the right, if marching by the left flank. 
 The rear rank men will at the same time move quickly 
 into their places, so as to form the squad again into one 
 rank. 
 
 To change direction by file, the instructor will com- 
 mand : 
 
 1. By tile left (or right). 2. MARCH 
 
 § 44. At the command march, the first file will 
 change direction to the left (or right) in describing a 
 small arc of a circle, and will then march straight for- 
 ward : the two men of this file in wheeling will keep up 
 the touch of the elbows, and the man on the side to 
 which the wheel is made, will shorten the first three or 
 four steps. Each file will come successively to wheel 
 on the same spot where that which preceeded it wheeled. 
 
 To face by the right or left flank in marching, the 
 command is, 
 
 1. Squad by the right (or left) flank. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 45. At the command march, which wnll be given as 
 either foot is coming to the ground, the men will turn 
 the body, plant the foot that is raised in the new direc- 
 tion, and step off with the other foot without altering 
 the cadence of the step ; the men will double or un- 
 double rapidly. 
 
 § 46. If in facing by the right or left flank, the squad 
 should face to the rear, the men will come into one rank 
 agreeably to the principles above indicated in ^ 43. Ob- 
 serve, that the men who are in rear, always move up to 
 form into single rank, and in such manner as never to 
 invert the order of the numbers in the rank. 
 
 ^ 47. If when the squad has been faced to the rear, 
 the instructor should cause it to face by the left flank, 
 it is the even number who will double by moving to the 
 Ififl of th« odd uumbofs j but if by the right flank, it ia 
 
16 THE SQUAD. 
 
 the odd numbers "svho will double to the right of the 
 even numbers. 
 
 ^ 48. Whenever the instructor desires tlie men to 
 march in one rank, he will caution them not to double 
 files. 
 
 WHEEIINGS. 
 
 ^49. Wheelings are of two kinds; from halts or on 
 fixed pivots, and in march or on movable pivots, 
 
 ^ 50. Wheeling on a fixed pivot, takes ])lace in pass- 
 ing a corps from the order in battle to the order in 
 column, or from the latter to the former, 
 
 ^ 51, Wheels in marching take place in changes of 
 direction in column, as often as this movement is ex- 
 ecuted to the side opposite to tlie guide. 
 
 § 52. In wheels from a bait the pivot man only- 
 turns in his place, without advan<:riv:g or receding, 
 
 § 53. In the wheels in marching, the pivot man takes 
 steps of full nine inches, to clear the wheeling point be- 
 fore the next subdivision arrives on the same ground, 
 which is necessary in order that the succeeding subdi- 
 visions may not loose their distances by being delayed. 
 
 § 54. In both cases, the man on the wheeling flank 
 will always take the full pace of twenty-eight inches. 
 
 Wheelings from a halt, or on a lixetl pivot. 
 
 The rank being at halt, the instructor will place a 
 well-instructed man on the wheeling Hank to conduct it, 
 and then command: 
 
 1. By Squad, ri^ht wheel. 2. MARCH, 
 
 § 55, At the command marcA, the rank will step off 
 with the left foot, turning at the same time the head a 
 little to the left, the eyes fixed on the line of the eyes 
 of the men to the left; the pivot man will merely mark 
 time in gradually turning his body, in order to conform 
 himself to the movement of the marching flank; the 
 man who conducts this flank, will take steps of twenty- 
 eight inches, and from the first step advance a little the 
 left shoulder, cast his eyes from time to time along the 
 rank, and feel constantly the elbow of the next maa 
 i hily, but neve;' puji.h bjm. 
 
THE «QUAt>, 17 
 
 § 56. The other men will feel lightly the elbows of tho 
 next man toward the pivot, resist pressure coming from 
 the opposite si^le, and each will conform himself to the 
 inarching flank — shortening his step according to his 
 approximation to the pivot. 
 
 The instructor will make the rank wheel round the 
 circle once or twice before halting, in order to cause the 
 principles to be better understood, and he will be watch- 
 iul that the centre does not break. 
 
 § 57. The wheel to the left will be executed according 
 to the same principles. To arrest the wheel, the instruct- 
 or will command : 
 
 1. Squad. 2. HALT. 
 
 § 58. At the second command, the rank will halt and 
 no man stir. The instructor going to the flank opposite 
 to the pivot, will place the two outer men of that flank 
 in the direction he may wish to give the rank, taking 
 care to leave between them and the pivot only the space 
 necessary to contain the other men. He will then com- 
 mand : 
 
 Left (or right) DRESS. 
 
 § 59. At this the rank will place itself on the align- 
 ment of the two men established as the basis in conform- 
 ity with the principles prescribed in § 20. 
 
 § CO. The instructor will next command Front, which 
 will be executed as prescribed in § 21. 
 
 Wheeling iu marchiug", or on a moveable pivot. 
 The rank being in march, the instructor will com- 
 mand : 
 
 1. Right (or left) wheel. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 61. The first command will be given when the rank 
 is yetfou7' paces from the wheeling point. 
 
 § 62. At the second command, the wheel will be exe- 
 cuted in the same manner as from a halt, except that 
 the touch of the elbow will remain toward the marching 
 flank (or side of the guide) instead the side of the actu- 
 al pivot; that the pivot man, instead of merely turning 
 in his place, will conform himself to the movement o 
 th§ .aa^xjbinji fl^.o,^^ f«el lightly th« «^b©w qf^ \k9 A*X 
 
18 THE SQUAD. 
 
 man, take steps of full nine inches, and thus gain ground 
 forward in describing an arc of a small circle, to clear 
 the point of the wheel. The middle of the rank will 
 bend slightly to the rear. As soon as the movement 
 shall commence, the man who conducts the marching 
 flank will cast his eves on the ground over which he 
 will have to pass. 
 
 The wheel being ended, the instructor will command ; 
 
 1. Forward. 2. MARCH 
 
 § G3. The first command will be pronounced when 
 fouj' paces are yet required to complete the change of 
 direction. 
 
 § 64. At the command anarch, which will be given at 
 the instant of completing the wheel, the man who con- 
 ducts the marching tiank (or guide) will direct himself 
 straight forward ; the pivot man and all the rank will 
 retake the step of twenty-eight inches, and bring the 
 head direct to the front. 
 
 TURNING 
 
 To change direction to the side of the guide in march- 
 ing, the instructor will command : 
 
 1 teft (or right) turn. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 65. The first command will be given when the rank 
 is yet four paces from the turning point. 
 
 § 66. At the command march, to be pronounced at 
 the instant the rank ought to turn, the guide will face 
 the left (or right) in marching, and move forward in 
 the new direction without slackening or quickening the 
 cadence (rate of march), and without shortening or 
 lengthening the step. The whole rank will promptly 
 conform itself to the new direction ; to effect which, 
 each man will advance the shoulder opposite to the 
 guide, take the double quick step, to carry himself in 
 the new direction, turn the head and eyes to the side 
 of the guide, and retake the touch of the elbow on that 
 side in placing himself on the alignment of the guide, 
 from whom he will take the step, and then resume the 
 direct position of the head. Each man will thus arrive 
 , successively on the alignjaa«jQt. 
 
MANUAI. OF AFMS, 
 
 I 67. The manual of arms should be tau^^ht to two 
 men placed at first side by side in one rank, elbow to 
 elbow, and next in a single file, that is, one behind the 
 other. Each commarid is executed in one time (or 
 pause), and is divided into motions. The rate (or swift- 
 ness) of each motion, except the motions relative to the 
 cartridge, to the rammer, and to the fixing and unfixing 
 of the bayonet, is fixed at the nineti-eth part of a minute; 
 but the motions here excepted should he executed witK 
 promptness and regularity. As soon as tho men shall 
 well comprehend the positions of the several motions, 
 they will be taught to execute the time without resting 
 On the motions. 
 
 Position of Shoulder Arms« 
 
 I 68 The piece in the left hand, the arm but a very 
 little bent, the elbow back, near the body, the palm of the 
 hand pressing on the outer flat of the butt; the outer edge 
 of the butt on the upper joints of the fingers, (the inner 
 edge on the lower joints, and the ends inside,) the heel of 
 the butt between the fore and middle fingers, the thumb 
 <?n the front screws of the butt-plate the remaining fingers 
 under the butt, the butt more or less kept back, according 
 to the conformation of the man, so that the piece seen 
 from the front (or side) shall appear perpendicular, and 
 also that the movement of the thigh, in marching, may not 
 raise it, or cause it to waver; the stock below the tail band, 
 resting against the hollow of the shoulder, just withinth© 
 joint, the right arm hanging naturally as in the position of 
 the soldier. 
 
 Present- ARMS. [7 wo motions.] 
 
 ^'^. Fir<i'\ Turn the piece with the left hand, the 
 lock out, and seize the small at the same time with the 
 right hand, the piece perpendicular and detached from 
 the shoulder, the left hand remaining under the butt. 
 
 ^ 70. Second. Complete the turning inwards of the 
 piece so as to bring it erect before the centre of the body, 
 the rammer to the front, the right hand under and against 
 the guard; seize it smartly at the same time with the left 
 baad above the lock, the thumb extended along the barrel 
 
2fO THE SQUAD. 
 
 and on the stock, the fore-arm resting on the body without 
 consiraint, and the hand at the height of ^he elbow. 
 
 Shoalder. A RMS. [ Ttco motions.] 
 § 71. First. Turn the piece with the right hand, the 
 barrel out; (with the thumb on the S plate, and the fore- 
 finger against the cock,) raise and support it against the 
 left shoulder with the right hand, drop the left hand under 
 the butt, the right hand resting on, without grasping tke 
 small. 
 
 ^ 72. /Second. Drop quickly the right hand into its 
 poaitioa. 
 
 Order- A.RMS. [Two motions.'] 
 
 ^ 73. First. Drop the piece smartly by extending the 
 left arm, seize it at the same time with the right band 
 above and near the tail band; (without the least pause,) 
 quit the hold of the left hand, and carr}' the piece oppo- 
 site to the right shoulder, the rammer in front, the little 
 finger behind the barrel, the right hand supported against 
 the hip, the butt three inches from tbe ground, the piece 
 erect, the left hand hanging by the side. 
 
 ^ 74. Second. Let the piece slip through the right hand 
 to the ground without shock, and take the following 
 position: 
 
 Position of Order-Arm*. 
 
 § 75. The hand low, the barrel between the thumb 
 and forefinger extended along the stock; the other fingers 
 extended and joined; the muzzle about two inches from 
 the right shoulder; the rammer in front; the toe (or beak) 
 of the butt, against and in a line with, the toe of the right 
 foot, the barrel perpendicular. 
 
 Shoulder- ARMS. [Two motions.'] 
 
 § 76. First. Raise smartly the piece with the right 
 hand, carry it against the left shoulder, so as to bring the 
 barrel to the front; place at the same time the left hand 
 Tinder the butt, and slip the right hand down to the ham- 
 mer. 
 
 § 77. Second. Let fall smartly the right hand into its 
 position. 
 
 Sapport-ARMS. [Three motions.] 
 
 ^ 7P; First. Witli the rfght hand ^izt Ifce smoll of tli« 
 
THE SQUAD. 21 
 
 stock four inches below the lock, raising a little, bul not 
 turning the piece. 
 
 § 79. Second. Take the left hand from the butt, ex- 
 tend the left forearm upward across the body, under the 
 cock, the hand flat on the right breast. 
 
 § 80. Third. Drop the right hand smartly into its 
 position. 
 
 Carrv-ARMS. {lliree motions.'] 
 
 § 81. First. Carry quickly the right hand to the small. 
 
 § 82. Second. Place quickly the left hand upon the 
 butt. 
 
 . § 8S, Third. Let fall smartly the right hand into its 
 position, and drop with the left, at the same time, the 
 piece into the position oi shoulder arms. 
 
 Unfix-BAYONET. {Three motions.'] 
 
 § 84. First. Drop the piece by a smart extension of 
 the left arm, seize it with the right hand above and near 
 the tail band. 
 
 § 85. Second. Drop the piece with the right hand along 
 the left thigh, seize in with the left hand above the right, 
 lengthen out the left arm, rest the butt on the ground 
 without shock, and carry at the same time the right hand 
 to the bayonet ; with the thumb, turn the clasp against 
 the stop, * seize the bayonet at ihe socket and shank, so 
 that the lower end of the socket may be about an inch 
 below the heel of the palm, and that in resting off the 
 bayonet, the thumb may be extended on the blade. 
 
 § 86. Third. Wrest off the bayonet, return it to the 
 scabbard, place immediately the right little linger on the 
 butt of the rammer, lower the left hand along the barrel, 
 extending the arm, without depressing the shoulder. 
 Shoulder- ARMS. [ Three motions,] 
 
 § 87. First. Raise the piece with the left hand along 
 the left side, the hand at the height of the chin, the fore- 
 arm touching the piece, the barrel to the front; drop at 
 the same time the right hand to seize the piece a little 
 above the small, the forefinger touching the cock, and the 
 thumb on the S plate. 
 
 * If tho bajouets have no clasp, of course omit tliia 
 
22 THE SQUAD. 
 
 § 88. Second. Raise the piece with the right hand drop 
 the left and place it under the butt, support the piece 
 with the right hand against the shoulder, in the position of 
 shoulder arms, the right hand resting on without grasp- 
 ing the piece. 
 
 § 89. Third. Let fall smartly the right hand into its 
 position. 
 
 Secure- ARMS. [Two motions.] 
 
 § 90. First. Seize quickly the piece with the right 
 hand, the thumb on the S plate, and the forefinger 
 against the cock ; at the same instant detach the piece 
 from the shoulder, he barrel to the front, seize it at the 
 tail band with the left hand, the thumb extended on the 
 rammer, the piece erect, opposite the shoulder, the left 
 elbow on the piece, 
 
 § 91. Second. Reverse the piece, pass it under the left 
 arm, the left hand remaining at the tail band, the thumb 
 on the rammer, the little finger resting against the hip, 
 and the right hand falling, at the same time, into its 
 position. 
 
 Shoulder- ARMS. [7'tco jnolions.] 
 
 § 92. First. Raise the piece with the left hand, (but 
 not too suddenly, lest the rammer should fly out,) seize 
 the small with the right hand to support it against the 
 shoulder, quit the hold of the left hand, and place quickly 
 this hand under the butt. 
 
 § 93. Second. Let fall smartly the right hand into its 
 position ; drop at the same time the piece into the position 
 of shoulder arms. 
 
 Fix-BAYONET. [Tliree motions,] 
 
 § 94. First. As in vi'ijix hayonet, § 84. 
 
 § 95. Second, As in unjix 'bayonet, §85, except that the 
 right hand will go to the scabbard, to seize the bayonet 
 by the socket and shank, so that the lower (now upper) 
 end of the socket shall extend about an inch above the 
 heel of the palm. 
 
 §96. Third. Draw the bayonet from the scabbard, carry 
 and fix it on the muzzle, turning the clasp towards the 
 body with the right thumb ; place immediately the Uttle 
 
THE SQUAD. 23 
 
 finger on the head of the rammer, lower the left hand 
 along the barrel, extending the arm without depressing the 
 shoulder. 
 
 Shoulder-ARMS. \^Three vxotiom?^ 
 § 97. First. Second, and Third, as in Shoulder arms 
 from Urr/ix bayonet. 
 
 Chargp-BAYONET. {Two ^notions.] 
 
 § 9S. First, Make a half face to the right on the left heel, 
 bring the left toe to the front, place at the same time the 
 right foot behind and at right angels with the left, the 
 hollow of the- right foot opposite to^ about three inches from 
 the left heel : turn the piece with the left hand, lock out- 
 wards, and seize the handle at the same time with the right 
 hand, the piece perpendicular and detached from the shoul- 
 der ; (leave the left hand under the butt.) 
 
 § 99. Second. Bring down the piece with the right hand 
 into left, the latter seizing it a little in advance of the tail 
 band, the barrel up, the "left elbow near the body, the 
 right hand supported against the hip, the point of the bay- 
 onet at the height of the eye. (The men of the rear rank 
 will take care not to touch their file-leaders with the points 
 of their bayonets.) 
 
 Slioulder-AR3IS. [Two motions.'] 
 
 § 100. First. Face to the front by turning on the left 
 heel, bring up the '-ight by the side of the left heel : at th© 
 same time spring up the piece with the right hand to the 
 left shoulder, and place the left hand under the butt. 
 
 §101. Second. Let fall smartly the right hand into its 
 position, 
 
 Trail-ARMS. [Tioo motions.] 
 
 ^ 102. First. As the first motions of Order arms, § 73. 
 
 §108. Second. Incline a little the muzzle to the front, 
 the butt to the rear, and about three inches from the ground, 
 the right hand (the little finger having been slipped to the 
 front), grasping the piece and supported at the hip.'^ 
 
 * If the instructor wish to relieve the men when marching 
 with arms trailed, he will command: CJui/ige-Ilx^ns , Avhich 
 will be executed in one motion, by raising the muzzle to the 
 shoulder passing the piece across the front of the body, trailing 
 
S4 THE SQUAD. 
 
 Shoulder-ARMS. 
 
 §104. At the command shoulder, raise the piece per- 
 pendicularly in the right hand : at the command arms, 
 execute the two motions in shoulder arms, from the posi- 
 tion o^ order arms. 
 
 If the instructor wish to give repose in tlie j^osition of 
 order arms, he will command 
 
 RKST. 
 
 § 105. At this command, the men will no longer be re- 
 quired to preserve silence or to remain steady in position. 
 
 Or he will command : 
 
 1. In place. 2. REST. 
 
 § 106. At the second command, the men will not be 
 required to preserve silence or steadiness of position, but 
 they must always keep one or the other heel, and their 
 pieces, on the alignment. 
 
 Or he will command : 
 
 1. Parade, 2. REST. 
 
 ? 107. At the second command, the men will carry 
 the right foot six inches in rear of the left heel, the left 
 knee slightly bent, the body upright upon the right leg, 
 the piece resting against the liollow of the right shoul- 
 der, the hands crossed in front, the backs of them out- 
 wnrds, the left hand uppermost, the eyes direct to the 
 front. 
 
 1. Attention. 2. SCtUAD. 
 
 ^ 108. At the second word, the men will resume the 
 correct position oi order arms. 
 
 ^ 109. If, at the command in pJace-ref^t or para de-rest, 
 the squad ho in the position of sripjiort-arms, the men 
 will be regulated by tlie directions in ?? lOG, 107. except 
 that they will bring up smartly the right hand to the 
 small of the stock. At the command of attention, they 
 will resume the correct position at support-arms. 
 
 itwith <hcleft, and droppin,^ the rijyht hand by the side At 
 the command, /{'<?-(?/'(</?, c/^-H A nds, raise the muzzle to the should- 
 er, pass the piece to the right hand and retake the position of 
 trail arms. 
 
THE SQUAD- 25 
 
 To Itigkt Shoulder Shift- ARMS.* [Two fuotions.] 
 
 § 110. First. Turn tlie piece v.'ith the kft hand, 
 lock to the front, seize it at same time with the right 
 kaod at the small. 
 
 § 111- Second. Carry the piece to the right shoul- 
 der, the lock plate upwards, the left hand still holding 
 the butt,the muzzle elevated ; place the right hand or 
 the butt, the beak between the first two tingers, the other 
 two fingers umi^r the butt plate, an-d l-et fail t-he left 
 hand hy the s^ide. 
 
 Shoulder- A RMS. [Tico motiom.'] 
 
 ^ 112. Firs*. Raise the piece and extend the riglit 
 arm, seize it with the left hand above the lock, carry 
 tJie piece against th>e left shoulder, turning the barrel 
 to the front, (in turning place thethumbon theSplate,) 
 the right hand being at tJie small, pkice the left hand 
 under the butt. 
 
 ^ 113. Second. Let the right hand fall by th« side. 
 
 Slope (or Ea«e) ARMS. [One motion.'] 
 ? 114. Carry forward and raise slightly the left hand, 
 ^^ that the piece will rest at the lower band on the left 
 ehoukier, kee^) the muzzle elevated, the piece sloped 
 <iiagonal!y to the rear. 
 
 Carry- ARMS. [On^ ynotion.] 
 I 115. Depress the left hand and resume the position 
 of shoulder arms. 
 
 Arms-AT WILL. [One motioK.] 
 § 116. Carry the piece ot pleasure on either shoul- 
 der, with one or both hands, the muzzle elevated. 
 Shoulder- ARMS, [OnemotionJ] 
 ■^ 117. Retake quickly the position of «AoM?(Zer arTTJ*. 
 
 Arms-PORT. 
 
 ^ 118. TliTOw the piece diagonally across the body, 
 the lock to the front, seize it smartly at the same time 
 ^vTth both hands, the right at the small, the left at the 
 tail band, the thumbs pointing towards the muzzle, the 
 
 *From position of should-ev arm^. 
 
 ^ 
 
S6 THE SQUAD. 
 
 barrel sloping upwards and crossing opposite to the pofns 
 of the loft shoulder, the Initt proportionally lowered : 
 the palm ofthe right hand above, that of the left nnder 
 the piece, and the nails of both hand.< next to the body,, 
 to which the elbows will be close<.l. 
 
 Shoulder- Aiin»4. [Two motlo/.i.] 
 
 ^ 119^ First. Bring the piece smartly to the left- 
 ehoulder, placing the left hand under the butt. 
 
 ? 120. Seconds Drop the rigbt hand smartlv bvthe 
 side* 
 
 To growud Araas. 
 
 The squad being at ordered arms, if the instructor 
 wish the pieces to be placed on the ground, he wilJ 
 e&mmand : 
 
 Ground- A RMS» [ Tu& motioTis^'] 
 
 § 121. First Turn the piece with the right haiid, the- 
 barrel to the left, at the same time sieze the cartridge- 
 box wdth the left hand, bend the body, advance the left 
 foot, the heel opposite the lower band ; lay the piece on 
 the ground with the right hand, the toe ofthe button a 
 line with the right toe, the knee slightly bent, the right 
 heel raised. 
 
 § 122. Second, Eise up, bring the left foot by the side- 
 ofthe right, quit the carti'idge-box with tk^ left hand, 
 and drop the hands by the side. ^ j_ 
 
 Raise-ARMS. [2 wo motions.'] '^; 
 
 § 123. First. Eaise the cartridge-box witC the left 
 hand, bend the body, advance the left foot opposite the, 
 lower band, and sieze the piece with the right]|^d. 
 
 § 124. Second. Raise the piece, bringing ^)Mg't foot 
 by the side of the right; turn the piece witL-|H|r4ghfe 
 hand, the rammer to the Iront; at the samfew^^quit 
 the cartridge-box with the left hand, and drO^^J^Bpiand 
 Iby the side. ™ 
 
 To &tack Arms. 
 
 The squad being in two ranks at order arms, the in- 
 structor will command: 
 
 Stack-ARM»* 
 
 § 125. At this commtmd, the front rank man of every 
 even numbered file will pass his piece before him, seiz- 
 
THE SQLAD. 21 
 
 ing it with the left hand above the middle band, and 
 place the bvitt outside and near his left foot, the barrel 
 turned to the front, the muzzle opposite the right 
 shoulder. At the same time the front rank man of 
 every odd numbered tile will pass his piece before him, 
 seizing it with the letl hand below the middle band, and 
 hand it to the man next on the letV, the latter will re- 
 ceive it with the right hand two inches above the middle 
 hand, throw the l>utt about thirty-two inches to the 
 front, opposite to his right shoulder, inclining the muz- 
 zle towards the right shoulder, and lock the slianks of 
 the two bayonets, the barrel remaining to the rear and 
 its shank above that of the first piece. The rear rank 
 man of every even file projects his bayonet forward, the 
 barrel o the right, and introduces it (using both hands) 
 between the nuizzles and under the shanks of the two 
 other bayonets. He will then abandon the piece to his 
 file leader, who will receive it with the right hand under 
 the middle band, bring the b^tt to the front, holding up 
 his own piece and the stack with the left hand, and 
 place the butt of this third piece between the feet of 
 the man next on the right, the barrel to the right. The 
 stack thus formed, the rear rank man of every odd file 
 will pass his piece into his left hand, the barrel turned 
 to the front, and, sloping the bayonet forward, rest it on 
 the stack. 
 
 § 12G. "When organized companies stack arms the 
 sergeants, (and also the corporals, if in the rank of file 
 closers} will rest their pieces against the stacks nearest 
 to them respectively, after ranks are broken, and resume 
 iheir-peces on the signal to re-form ranks. 
 
 ^* Take-ARMS. 
 
 § 127. . 4t this command, the rear rank man of every 
 odd file will withdraw his pieces from the stack; the 
 front rank man of every even Ijle will seize his own piece 
 with the left hand, and that of the man on his right 
 with his right; the rear rank )nan of every even file 
 will seize his piece with the right hand at the middle 
 band, advancing for the purpose the hollow of his right 
 foot as far as the ijght heel of his file leader; these two 
 
28 THE SQUAD. 
 
 men will raise up tlie stack to loosen the shanks; the 
 front rank men of every odd file receives his piece from 
 the hand ot the man next on the left, and the four men 
 will retake the position of the soldier at order arms. 
 Reverse- ARMS.* [Two motions.'] 
 
 § 128. First Grasp the piece with the right hand, tlie 
 finger nail to the front, at the heighth of the shoulder, 
 turn the piece tc the right and in front of the body, and 
 bring it reversed under the lett arm, the Itarrel sloping 
 to the rear; at the same time, slip the left hand to the 
 email, grasping it with the finger nails up. 
 
 § 129. ^^econd. Remove and carry briskly the right 
 hand to the rear of the body, and with it grasp the 
 piece betw^een the middle and lower bands, the finger 
 nails outwards. 
 
 Shoulder- ARMS. [ Tioo motions,'] 
 
 § 130, First. Bring the right hand briskly to thefron^ 
 an<l with it grasp the piece at the swell of the stock, 
 the finger nails inward; at the same time, slip the left 
 hand to the butt and invert the piece with both hands, 
 bringing it in front of the body, to the shoulder, and, 
 slipping the right hand, let it fall to the hammer. 
 
 I 131. Second. Drop the right hand by the side. 
 Rest oii-ARMS.* [Two motions.] 
 
 § 132. First. Grasp the piece at the height of the 
 shoulder with the right hand, the finger nails to the 
 front, reverse it by turning it to the right in front of 
 the body, and let the muzzle rest on the lell foot, the 
 left hand resting on the butt. 
 
 § 133. SeeoncL Remove quickly the right hand to the 
 butt and let it rest there, the finger nails outward ; at 
 the same time, bow the head and bend the right knee. 
 Shoulder- A I? MS. [T'lvo motions.] 
 
 § 134. First. Drop the right hand, and with it seize 
 the piece at the swell of the stock; with both hands, 
 (the left depressed and the right raised,) turn the piece 
 in frontof the body, bringing it against the left shoulder, 
 and slipping the right hand let it fall to the hammer. 
 
 § 135. Second. Drop the right hand by the side. 
 
 * From the position of shoulder arms. 
 
THE SQUAD. 29 
 
 Inspection of Arms. 
 
 The men being at ordered arni3, and having the bayo- 
 net in the scabbard, tlie instructor will command: 
 Inspection- A 1? MS. \^TIiree inotions.'] 
 
 § 136. First. Face to the right once and a half, carry- 
 ing the right foot perpendicular to the alignment, about 
 six inches from, and at right angles with the left foot; 
 seize promptly the piece with the left hand a little 
 above the middle band, incline the muzzle to the rear 
 without displacing the heel of the butt, the rammer 
 turned towards the body ; carrying at the same time the 
 right hand to the bayonet, and seize it as prescribed in 
 Av hnyonet §-95. 
 
 § 137. Second. Draw the bayonet from the scabbard, 
 carry and fix it on the muzzle ; seize next the rammer, 
 draw it as explained in the fifth time oilonding, (see 
 page 31, §§ 150, 151, 152,) and let it glide to the bottom 
 of the bore. 
 
 § 188. Third. Face promptly to the front, seize the piece 
 with the right hand and retake the position of order arms. 
 
 § 139. The instructor will then inspect in succession 
 the piece of each man, in passing along the front of the 
 rank. Each, as the inspector reaches him, will raise 
 smartly his piece with his right hand, seize it with the 
 left near the lower band, the lock to the front, the left 
 hand at the height of the chin, the piece opposite to the 
 left eye ; the instructor will take it with the right hand 
 at the handle, and after inspecting it, will return it to 
 the recruit, who will receive it b;»ck with the right hand, 
 and replace it in the position of order arms. 
 
 ^ 140. When the instructor shall have passed him, 
 each man will take tlie position prescribed in ^ 136, re- 
 turn the rammer as explained in the seventh time of 
 loading, (see page 31, |§ 154, 155, 156,) and resume the 
 position of order arms. 
 
 lV\\\B{Q?i.([ of inspection of arms, bayonets are to be 
 fixed only, the command is, 
 
 Fix-BAYONET. 
 
 ? 141. Take the position prescribed in the first mo- 
 tion of inspection of arms, ^ 136 ; fix bayonet and face 
 to the front. 
 
30 THE SQUAD. 
 
 If the instructor wish to ascertain whether, any of the 
 pieces are loaded, he will command : 
 Spriiig-RAMMERS. 
 
 I 142. Put the rammers in the barrel as above ex- 
 plained, and retake tlie position o^ order arms. 
 
 ^ 143. The inspector ibr tlie purpose stated, can take 
 the rammer by tlie small end, andsprinii; it in the barrel, 
 or cause each man to make it ring i?i the barrel. 
 
 ^ 144. Each man, attor the inspector passes him, 
 will return rammer and resume the position of order 
 arms. 
 
 I.OADING AND FIRING. 
 
 Ivoadin ten times. 
 
 1. I.OAD. [Tivo motion.^.'] 
 
 ^ 145. One. Drop the piece by a smart extension o^ 
 the left arm, seize it with the right hand above and n ear 
 the tail band ; at the same time carry the right foot for- 
 ward, the heel against the hollow of the left fooi. 
 
 I 146. Two. Drop the piece with the right hand 
 along the left thigh, seize it with the left hand at the 
 middle band, and with the left hand let it descend along 
 to the ground, without shock, the piece touching the leit 
 thigh, and the muzzle opposite to the centre of the body; 
 carry the right hand quickly to the cartridgebox and 
 open it. 
 
 2. Haiidle-CARTRIDGE. [One motion,'] 
 
 ?i 147. Seize the cartridge with the thumb and next 
 two lingers, and place it between the teeth. 
 
 3. Tcar-CARTRIDGE. [One lyiotion,.'] 
 
 § 148. Tear the pai)er down to the powder, hold the 
 cartridge upright between the thumb and next two fing- 
 ers, near the top ; and in this position place it in front of 
 and near the muzzle, the back of the hand to the front. 
 
 4. Charge-CARTR!I>GE. [Oae motion.] 
 
 ? 149. Fix the eye on the muzzle, turn quickly the 
 back of the right hand towards the boby, in order to dis- 
 charge the powder into the barrel, raise the elbow to 
 the height of the wrist, shake the cartridge, force it 
 into the muzzle and leave the hand reversed, the fingers 
 extended, the thumb extended along the barrel. 
 
THE SQUAD. 31 
 
 3. I>raw-"RAMMER. [Three motions.'] 
 
 ^ 150. One. Drop smartly the riglit elbow and seize 
 the rammer between the thumb ami forefinger bent, 
 the other fingers shut; draw it smartly extending the 
 arm ; seize the rammer again at the middle, between 
 the thumb and foretinger, the hand reversed, the pahn 
 to the front, the nails up, the eyes following the move- 
 ment of the liand; clear the rammer from the pipes by 
 again extending the arm. 
 
 I 151. Two^. Turn rapidly the rammer between the 
 bayonet and the face, closing the fingers, (the rammer 
 of the rear rank man grazing the right shoulder of the 
 man of the same file in front, respectively) the rammer 
 parallel to the bayonet, the arm extended, the butt of 
 the rammer opposite to the muzzle, but not yet inserted, 
 the eyes fixed on the muzzle. 
 
 § 152. Three. Insert the butt of the rammer and 
 force it down as low as the hand. 
 
 6. Ram-C.\RTKID(iE. [Oneinotkm.] 
 
 § loo. Extend the arm to its full length to seize the 
 rammer between the right thumb extended and the fore- 
 finger bent, the other fmgers closed ; with force ?'am 
 home twice (the right elbow down nnd near the piece) 
 and seize the rammer at the 1 ttle end, between the thumb 
 and forefinger bent, the other fingers closed, the right 
 elbow touching the body. 
 
 7 . Re tu rn- R M>I 31 E R . [Th ree motions.] 
 
 § 154. Ofie. Draw briskly the rammer, reseizctho 
 the middle between the thumb and forefinger, the hand 
 reversed, the palm to the front, the nails up, the eyes 
 following the movement of the hand, clear the rammer 
 from the barrel by extending the arm, 
 
 § -155. Two. Turn rapidly the rammer between the 
 bayonet and the face, closing the fingers, (the rammer 
 of the rear rank man grazing the right shoulder of the 
 man of the same file in front,) the rammer parallel to 
 the bayonet, the arm extended, the little end of the 
 rammer opposite to the first pipe, but not yet inserted 
 The eyes fixed on that ])ipe. 
 
 § loO^ Thr0o» luaert tke liMle oudj SiU<X with the 
 
32 THE SQUAD. 
 
 tliumb,^vvhich will follow the movement, force it as low 
 as the middle band; raise quickly the right hand a 
 little bent, place the little finger on the butt of the 
 rammer, and force it down: lower the left hand on the 
 barrel to the extent of the arm, without depressing the 
 shoulder. 
 
 8. Cast-ABOUT. [Two motions.] 
 
 § 157. One. Raise the piece with the left hand along 
 the left side, the hand at the height of the chin, the 
 forearm touching the piece, the barrel to the front; 
 drop at the same time the right hand to seize the piece 
 a little above the small, the forefinger touching the 
 lock, the thumb on the S plate, and bring back the 
 right heel to the side of the left. 
 
 § 158. Two. Make a half face to the right on the left 
 heel, bring the left toe to the front, the right foot be- 
 hind and at right-angles with the left, the hollow of the 
 right foot against the heel of the left. At the same 
 time seize the small of the stock with the right hand, 
 and bring down the piece with both hands to the po- 
 sition of charff e-BAYONET. 
 
 9. PRIME. \0>ie77iotlon.] 
 
 § 159. Sustain the piece with the left hand (half-cock 
 the piece,) brush off the old cap, and with the thumb 
 and first two fingers take a cap from the pouch, place it 
 firmly on the cone, pushing it down with the thumb. 
 10. Shoulder-AKMS. [Two motions.] 
 § 160. As from Charge-Bagonet, §§ 100, 101 
 
 To Load ill Four Times. 
 § 161. The first time will be executed at the command 
 Load; the three others at the words Udo, three, and/our. 
 liOad ill Four Times-LOAD. 
 § 162. Execute what is prescribed for Load, Handle- 
 Cartridge, Tear- Cartridge, and Charge-Cartridge. 
 TWO 
 § 16v. Draw-Rammer and Ram- Cartridge. 
 THREE 
 
 § 104. Hcturn^Ramm^r and Cast-About* 
 
THE SQUAD. 33 
 
 FOUR. 
 
 I 165. Prime and Shoulder arms. 
 To lioad at will, 
 road at will-tOAD. 
 
 \ 166. At the command load, execute the loading as in 
 four times, but without resting on the times. 
 READY. \Four motions.'] 
 
 ^1^^. One. Make a half face to the right on the left 
 heel, bring the left toe to the front, place at the same 
 time the right foot behind, and at right angels with the 
 left, the hollow of the right foot against the left heel; turn 
 the piece with the left hand, the lock outwards, and seize 
 at the same time the handle (or small of the stock,) with 
 the right hand, the piece perpendicular, and detached 
 from the shoulder; (leave the left hand under the butt.) 
 
 § 168. TiDO. Bring the piece with the right hand to 
 the middle of the body, place the left hand just above the 
 lock, the thumb extended on the stock at the height ofthe 
 chin, the S plate almost turned towards the body, the ram- 
 mer obliquely to the left and front. 
 
 ^ 169. Three. Place the thumb on the hammer, the 
 forefinger under and on the guard, the other three fingers 
 joined to the first, the elbow at the height of the wrist 
 
 § 170. Four. Close the right elbow smartly to the body in 
 cocking, seize the piece at the small, let it descend along 
 the body in the left hand to the tail band, which will re- 
 main at the height of the shoulder, (and opposite to the 
 centre ofthe body.) 
 
 AIM. \_On.e inotion.] 
 
 § 171. Drop smartly the muzzle, the left hand remain- 
 ing at the tail band, support the butt against the right shoul- 
 der, the left elbow a little down, shut the left eye, direct 
 the right along the barrel, drop the head upon the butt to 
 catch the object, and place the forefinger on the trigger. 
 
 § 172. The rear rank will, at the same time, carry the 
 right foot about eight inches towards the left heel of the 
 man next on the right. 
 
 FIRE. [One motion.] 
 
 § 173. Apply the forefinger with force lb the tiigget 
 
S4 THE SQUAD. 
 
 vrithout furtlier lowering or turning tlie head, and remain 
 in that position. 
 
 liOA-D. [Frof?i the jire — two motions.'] 
 
 § 174. One. Bring back the piece quickly with both 
 hands, the rear rank men bringing the right foot by the 
 side of the left: depress the butt strongly by extending the 
 right arm, and carry it with the arm thus extended to the 
 left side, the barrel turned to the front and opposite to the 
 left shoulder, open the left hand to If.t the piece slide 
 through it to the middle band, the back of the hand to the 
 front, the left forearm touching the stock; at the same 
 time face to the front, and carry the right foot forward, 
 the heel against the hollow of the left toot. 
 
 §175. Two. Quit the hold of the right hand; with the 
 left hand remaining at the middle band, let the piece des- 
 cend to the ground, without shock, and take the position 
 of the second motion of the first time of loading. 
 
 Shoulder- ARMS. [From tJie jlre— two motions.'] 
 § 176. One, Bring back the piece with both hands, 
 face to the front, carry the piece against the left shoulder 
 and place the left hand under the butt. 
 
 § 177. Two. Let fall smartly the right hand into its 
 position, 
 
 Recover-A ilM"^. [From tJie aim— one motion.] 
 § 178. At the word recorer, withdraw the finger from 
 the trigger; at the command arms, throw up smartly the^ 
 muzzle, and retake the position of the fourth motion of 
 ready. 
 
 Sholcler-ARMS. [From the ready— one vioiion?^ 
 
 I 179. At the word ^ItouUev, fVice to the front, bring 
 the piece to the middle of the body, the left thumb at 
 the height of the chin, the piece supported by the left 
 hand, h'olding it fast above the lock ; next place the right 
 thumb on the head of the cock, support the forefinger 
 on the trigger, sustain at the same time the cock in its 
 descent till it nearly touches the cone, raise the cock to 
 the half-cock notch, (the reaching of which will be both 
 felt and heard,) and seize the handle of the piece (or 
 small ©f stg«fc,) wi#k tkd rigUfc kaad. At bk« word armt 
 
THE SQUAD. 35 
 
 carry tli€ piece Rinartly to tiiesliouMer and retake the 
 position oi' shoulder arms. 
 
 Firing-!. 
 
 ^ 180. The firings are either direct or oltlique. 
 
 For the direct Jire, the instructor will command: 
 
 1. Fire by Squad. 3 Squad. 3. READY. 
 
 4. AIH. 5. FIUE. 0. LOAD. 
 
 § 181. Thci^c several covmnaiuls will he executed as 
 has been prescribed \n {he Jlanual o/arms. At the sixth 
 they will load their pieces and return inmiediately to 
 the position of ready. 
 
 § 182. The tiring will be re-commenced by the com- 
 mands : 
 
 1. Squad. 2 \I>I. 3. FIRE. 4. -LOAD. 
 
 When the instructor wishes the tiring to cease he will 
 command : 
 
 Ceasc-FiRING. 
 
 § 183. At this command the men will cease firing, 
 but will load their pieces if unloaded, and afterwards 
 bring them to a shoulder. 
 
 The oblique Fire. 
 
 § 184. Theobliquefirings will be executed to tl;e right 
 and left, and by the same commands as the direct iire, 
 with this single diti'erence— the comnumd aim will al- 
 ways be preceded by the caution, right or left ohlique. 
 
 Position of the ranks in the ohlique lire to the ri^ht. 
 
 § 185. At the command ready, ihQ two ranks will exe- 
 cute what has been prescribed for the direct fire. 
 
 § 18C). At the cautionary command, right oblique, the 
 two ranks will throw back the right shoulder and look 
 steadily at the object to be hit. 
 
 § 187. At the command ^A^7/?, each frontrank man will 
 aim to the right without deranging his feet ; each rear 
 rank man will advance the left foot about eight inches 
 towards the right heel of the man, next on the right of 
 his file leader, and aim to the right, inclining the upper 
 part of the body forward, and bending a little the left 
 knee. 
 
 3 
 
35 THE SQf AO. 
 
 § 188. At the command load^ both ranks \vinresTim& 
 the position oHoacl in the fire direct. 
 
 Position of the ranks in the oblique fire to the left. 
 
 § 189. At the command left oMiqne, the two ranks 
 will throw back the left slioulder, and look steadily at 
 the object to be hit. 
 
 § IDO. At the command aim, the front rank Avill take 
 aim to the left without deranging the feet ; each man in 
 the rear rank will advance the right loot about eight 
 inches towards the right heel of the man next on the 
 right of his file leader, and aim to the left, incliningthe 
 upper part of the body forward, and bending a little the 
 right knee. 
 
 § 191. At the command load, both ranks will come 
 to the position of load as prescribed in the direct fire. 
 
 To fire hy file. 
 The instructor will command ; 
 1. Fire hy tile. 2. Squad. 3. READY. COMMENCE 
 FIRI]NG. 
 
 §102. At the /6>Mri/^ command, the right file will aim 
 and fire the men together; the rear rank man, in talking 
 aim will carry the right foot about eight inches to the right 
 the next file aims at the instant the first has fired, and so 
 on successively to the left. After the first fire every man 
 will load and fire without waiting for the others. 
 Cease-FIRING. 
 
 § 193. At this command, the men will cease firing. If they 
 have fired, they will load their pieces and bring them to a 
 shoulder; if at the position oi ready, they will half-cock 
 and shoulder arms. If in the position of aim, they will 
 bring down their pieces, half-cock, and shoulder arms. 
 To fire by rank. 
 
 § 194. The fire by rank will be executed by each entire 
 rank, alternately. 
 
 The instructor will command : 
 
 1, Fire by rank. 2. Squad. 3. READY. 4. Rear 
 rank. 5. AIM. 6. FIRE. 7. luOXDi 
 
THE SQUAD. 37 
 
 § 195 At the third command both ranks will take the 
 position of ready. 
 
 §.19G. At the seventh command, the rear rank will load 
 and come to the position of rertdy. When several men 
 in the rear rank have taken this position, the instructor 
 will command : 
 
 1. Front rauk. 2. AIM. 3. FIRE. 4. I.OAD. 
 
 ^ 197. xVt these commands, the men in the front rank 
 will execute what has ]>een prescribed for the rear rank. 
 
 § 198, The instructor will thus continue to alternate 
 from rank to rank. At the command cease firing^ the 
 men will execute what has been before prescribed- 
 
PART II. 
 
 T II E C () M P A N Y . 
 
 Formation of the Company. " 
 
 ^ 199. The company being assembled on its ground, 
 the sergeants, by the command full in, cause the rank 
 and file, (corporals and privates) to form in one rank, 
 faced to the right, the first corporal on the right (or 
 head of the lank) the tallest man next, the next tallest 
 next, and so on to the left, or rear of- the rank. 
 
 The first sergeant will then command : 
 FRONT. 
 
 ^ 200. At this command, the company will face to 
 the front." 
 
 The first sergeant will then command : 
 1. In two ranks, form Company. 2. Company 
 right-FACE. 3. MARCH. 
 
 ^ 201. At the second command, the company will 
 face to the riglit ; the man on the right will remain 
 faced to the front. 
 
 I 202. At the command marcli, the men wdio have 
 faced to the right, will step off and form files in the fol- 
 lowing manner: the second man in the rank will place 
 himself behind the first to form the first file ; the third 
 will place himself by the side of the first in the front 
 rank; the fourth behind the third in the rear rank. All 
 the others will, in like manner, place themselves, alter- 
 nately, in the front and rear rank, and will thus form 
 files of two men, on the left of those already formed. 
 
 The first sergeant will then command: 
 
 In each rank— Count TWOS. 
 
 § 203. At this command, the men count in eal^h rank 
 from right to left, pronouncing in a loud and distinct 
 
 * If the roll of the company is called, each man, as he an- 
 swers to his name, Avill bring his piece to the position of order 
 armr, and the sergeant, after tho loll is called through, will 
 command shoulder arms. 
 
THE COMPANY. 39 
 
 voice, in the same tone, without liuny, and without 
 turning the head, one, two, according to' the lojace which 
 each one occupies. 
 
 § 20-I-. He will then divide the conii)anv ^o two 
 equal platoons, andelbh phitoon into two equal^ctions, 
 place the corporals in position in tlie front rank, on the 
 right and left of platoons, and report to the captain the 
 formation of tlie company. 
 
 The officers and sergeants will now take th^ir posts as 
 follows: 
 
 I 205. The captain in the front rank on the right of 
 the company, touching with the left elbow. ''^ 
 
 ^ 20(3. The Jilst llenlenant, two paces in rear of and 
 opposite the centre of the fourth section. 
 
 ^ 207. The second lieutenant, two paces in rear of and 
 opposite the centre of tlie first platoon. 
 
 I 208. The third lieutenant, two paces in rear of and 
 opposite the cenire of the second platoon. 
 
 I 209. The Jirst sergeant, in the rear rank and cover- 
 ing the captain. He is denominated covering sergeant, 
 or right guide of the company. 
 
 I 210. The second sergeant, two paces in rear of and 
 opposite the second file from the left of the companv. 
 
 He is designated as left guide of the company. 
 
 § 211. The third sergeant, two paces in rear of and 
 opposite the second file nom the right of the second 
 platoon. 
 
 § 212. The fourth sergeant, two paces in rear of and 
 opposite the second file from the left of the first platoon. 
 
 ^ -iVd.ThQffth sergeant, U\o pacts in rear of and 
 opposite the second file from the right of the first platoon, 
 
 § 214. Absent officers and sergeants will be re-placed 
 — officers by sergeanis, and sergeants by corporals. 
 
 § 21o. The ofiicers and sergeants thus posted in rear of 
 the company, constitute the rank of closers. This rank is 
 two paces in rear of the rear rank. 
 
 § 216. Tlie pioneer is posted in the line of file closers 
 on the right; and the music in aline with the front rank, 
 
 * When the captain acts as instructor or in independent 
 command of the company, the first lieutenant takes his post, 
 and Lis post in turn is tilled by the second lieutenant, and so oa. 
 
40 THE COMPANY. 
 
 four pnces on its right, the drum on the right of the fifer, 
 or bugler^. 
 
 To open ranks. 
 
 The^nipany being at ordered ;u'ms, the ranks and file 
 closers well aligned, to open ranks, the instructor will 
 command : 
 
 1. Attention. 2. Company. 3. Shoulder-ARMS. 4. 
 Prepare to open ranks. 5. To the rear open order- 
 § 217. At the fourth command, -the left guide will place 
 himself on the loft of the front I'ank. 
 
 § 218. .^t the fifth conmiarid, the covering sergeant 
 and the left guide will step off smartly to the rea?-, four 
 paces from the front rank, in order to mark the alicrnmcnt 
 of the rear i-ank. The instinclor having aligned these two 
 guides on a line parallel tu ihe front rank, will then com- 
 mand : 
 
 6, MARCH, 
 § 219. At this command, the front rank w\\\ stand -fjist. 
 The rear rank will step to the rear without counting the 
 steps, and will place itself on the alignment marked out 
 for it. It will then be aligned on the left guide by the 
 covering sergeant. The file closers will step off at the 
 same time with tlie rear rank and place themselves two 
 paces in the rear of it when it is aligned. The instructor 
 seeing the ranks aligned, will command : 
 7, FRONT. 
 § 220. At this comma^ul, the left guide will return to 
 his place as a tile closer. 
 
 Manual of Arms, 
 § 221. The ranks being open, the instructor will place 
 himself in a position to see the raidcs, and will command 
 the !nanu;d of arms in the f)llovving order : 
 Present Arms, Sliouliler Arms. 
 
 Order Arms, Shoulder Arms. 
 
 .Support Arms, Carry Arms. 
 
 IJnlix Bayonet, Sliouhler Arms. 
 
 Secure Arms, Shoulder Arms. 
 
 Fix Bayonet, Shoulder Arms. 
 
 Charge Bayonet, Slioulder Arms. 
 
 Trail Arms, Shoulder Arms, 
 
 lioad in teh times. 
 
THE COMPANY. 41 
 
 To close ranks the instructor will command : 
 1, Close oi'der. %. MARCH* 
 
 § 222. At the command march., the rear rank will close 
 up in quick time, each man covering his tile leader. 
 
 § 223, The company may be exercised in the manual 
 •ofarms^ hadimyitifwur times, loading at will,Jiring hy 
 Jile,jiri)ig hy rank, and direct and oblique Jiring by com- 
 pany., as prescribed in the squal drill, the instructor sub- 
 stituting company for sqnad wherever it occurs. 
 
 4? 224. At the preparatory command in firing, the 
 captain will promptly place himself opposite the centre of 
 his I'ompany, ai\d four pa-ces in rear of the line of file 
 -closers;; the covering sergeant will retire to that line, and 
 |)lacc himself oppGsile t-o his interval. This rale isgen^ 
 ernl, for both the captain and cooering sergeant, in all 
 the different Jkuigs. 
 
 To Fire ty the rearrauk. 
 
 1. Face \y the rear rank. 2. Compaay. 
 3. ABOUT-FACE. 
 
 f 225.. At tlie first commx.nd, the captain will step out 
 and place himself near to, and facing the right file of "his 
 company ; the covering sergeant, and fik clo&e;, will pass 
 quickly through the captain's interval, and place them- 
 55elves faced to the rear, the covering sergeant a pace be- 
 iiind the captain, and the file closers two paces from the 
 front rank, opposite to their places in line, each passing 
 behind the covering sergeant. 
 
 •§ 22G. At third cbrsmand, which will be given at the 
 'instant the last nle closer shall h8,ve passed through the 
 interval, the company will face about; the captain will 
 Y)laee himself in his interval in the rear rank, n<j\v become 
 the front, and the covering scrgeaut will cover him in the 
 ffroat rauk, now betunie the rear. 
 
 f 227. Faced 'l)y the rear rank, the different firings wiM 
 ^)e executed in the manner already prescribed. The fire 
 liy file will commence on the left of the company, now 
 become the right ; and in the fire by rank, the firing wili 
 eeaimeuije with the frout rank, now becoiue tke r^eaju 
 
4:2 THE COMPANY. 
 
 To resume tlic proper front, the instructor will com- 
 mand : 
 
 1. Face by the ft*out rank. 2. Company. 3. A150UT- 
 FACE. 
 
 § 228. At the first command, the cayitain, coveriufr ser- 
 geant and fiUi closei'S, will conform to what is prescribed 
 in §§225 and 22G. At the thinC command the company 
 having faced abov\t, the captain and covering sergeant will 
 resume their places in line. 
 
 To advance in line of battle. 
 § 220 The company being in line and orreetly aligned, 
 to march it by the front, the instructor will cause a ser- 
 geant to take position six paces in advance of the captain. 
 This advanced sergeant, Avhois charged with the direction, 
 will take two points on the ground in the straight line to 
 the front to direct his course. 
 
 The ins-tructor will then command 
 
 1. Company, forward. 3. MARCH. 
 
 §23.0. At the command mrtrcA, the com]>any will step 
 off with life. The directing sergeant will observe, with the 
 greatest precision, the length and cadence of the step, 
 marching on the two points he has chos-en ; he will take in 
 succession, and a little before arriving at the paints nearest 
 to him, new points in advance, exactfy in the same line 
 with the first two, and at the distance of some fifteen or 
 twenty paces from each other. The captain will march 
 steadily in the ti'aces of the diroK^tiug sergeant, keeping 
 always six paces from him. The menAvill march with the 
 iead direct to the front, touch lightly the elbow towards 
 the captain, and resist pressure coming from the opposite 
 side. The file closers will march at the habitu.al distance 
 of two paces behind the rear rank. 
 
 If the men lose the step., the instructor will command: 
 To the-STEP. 
 
 § 231. At this the men will glance towards the directing 
 sergeant, retake the step fraiii hiio, and again direct tkeir 
 eyes to the front. 
 
 The instructor, wishing to halt the company, will 
 command : 
 
 1. Company. ^. IIAI»T« 
 
THE COMPANY. 43 
 
 § 232. At the second command, the company will 
 halt. The directing sergeant will remain in advance, 
 unless ordered to return to the line ot'file closers. The cap- 
 tain Avill then rectify the aligment, by the commands and 
 according to the principles prescribed, § 23. 
 To inarch in retreat. 
 
 § 233. The company being halted and correctly aligned, 
 to cause it to march in retreat, the instructor Avill place the 
 directing sergeant six paces in rear of the line of file clos- 
 ers and in the same straight line with the covering ser- 
 geants, and will then command : 
 
 1. Company. 2. ABOUT-FACE. 
 
 The company and directing ollicer having faced to the 
 rear, the instructor will command: 
 
 3. Company, forward. 
 
 ^ 231. At this command, the covering sergeant will step 
 into the Yuw of hie closers, opposite to his interval, and 
 the captain will place himself in the rear rank, now become 
 the front. 
 
 This being done, the instructor will command: 
 4. MARCH. 
 
 § 235. At this, the directing sergeant, the captain and 
 the men, Avill conform themselves to what is prescribed, 
 § 230. 
 
 To halt the company and foce it to the front, the in- 
 structor will command: 
 
 1. Company, halt. 2. ABOUT-FACE. 
 
 § 236. As soon as the company is faced to the front, 
 the captain, covering sergeant, and directing sergeant, 
 will resume their places in line. 
 
 Ohliqiie march in line of hattle. 
 
 The company being in the direct march, either advanc- 
 ing or retiring in line, to cause it to march obliquely, the 
 instructor will command: 
 
 1. Ri^ht (or left) oblique. 2. MARCH* 
 
 § 237. At the command inarch, the company will take 
 the obliqe step, and execute the movement as prescribed, 
 §2T. 
 
44 THE COMPANY. 
 
 § 238. Ill tlie obliqe march the men not having the 
 touch of elbows, the guide will always be on the side 
 towards which the oblique is made, without any indication 
 to that effect being given, and when the direct march is 
 resumed, the guide will be, equally without indication, on 
 the side where it ivas previous to the oblique. 
 
 To resume the direct march, the instructor will com- 
 mand: 
 
 1. Forward. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 239. At the command march the company will take the 
 direct step. 
 
 § 240. The company should now be caused to execute 
 the folllowing commands according to the principles pre- 
 scribed in the squad drilh 
 
 1. Mark time. 3. MARCH. 
 
 1. Forward. 2. MARCH. 
 
 1, Common time. 2. 3IARCH. 
 
 1. Double quick. 2. MARCH. 
 
 1. auick time. 2. MARCH. 
 
 1. Change step. 2. MARCH. 
 
 1. Right ahout. 2. MARCH. 
 
 1. Right ahout. 2. HVtT. 
 
 ^ 241. The company Avhen marching in double quick 
 time should be caused to bring their pieces to right shoul- 
 der shift arms, and the distance between the ranks should 
 foe twenty-sir inches. When the pieces are carried on the 
 right shoulder, in quick time, the distance between the 
 ranks should be sixteen inches. 
 
 § 242. Whenever the company is halted, the men will 
 bring their pieces at once to a shoulder at the command, 
 halt ; and the rear rank will close to its proper distance 
 of thirteen inches. 
 
 'Tkese rules are general. 
 
 To marcli ty the right flank. 
 
 The company being in line, at a halt, and each rank 
 having counted off by twos, the instructor will command: 
 
 I, Company, right-FACE. 2. Forward-MARCH. 
 
THE COMPANY. 45 
 
 § 243. At the first command, the company will Aice 
 to tlie ri;^ht, the covering sergeant will place hinjselfat 
 the head of the front rank, the captain having stepped 
 out for the purpose, so far as to find himself by the side 
 of the sergeant, and on his left: the front rank will 
 double as is prescribed, § 39 : the rear rank will, at the 
 same time, sidestep to the right one pace, and double 
 in the same manner, so that when the movement is com- 
 pleted, the files will be formed of lour men aligned, and 
 elbow to elbow. The intervals will be preserved. The 
 file closers will also move by side step to the right, so 
 that when the ranks are formed, they will be two paces 
 from the remotest rank. 
 
 ^ 244. At the command march, the company will 
 move off* briskly in quick time ; the covering sergeant at 
 the head of the front rank, and the captain on his left, 
 will marcli straight forward. The men of each file will 
 march abreast of their repective front rank men, heads 
 direct to the front ; the file closers will march opposite 
 to their places in line of battle. 
 
 To cause the march by the left flank, the company be- 
 ing in line and at a halt, the command is : 
 
 1. Company, left-FACE. 2. Forward-MARCH. 
 
 § 245. At the first command, the company will face 
 to the left ; the ranks will double as prescribed, § 41 ;^ 
 the rear rank w-ill side step to the left one pace before 
 doubling. The left guide will place himself at the head 
 of the front rank : the captain will pass rapidly to the 
 left, and place himself by the right side of this guide: 
 the covering sergeant will replace the captain in the front 
 rank, the moment the latter quits it to go to the left. 
 At the command wrt^c/i, the company w'ill move otJ'in 
 quick time. 
 
 To halt the company marcliing by the flank to lace it 
 to the front, the instructor will command : 
 
 I. Company. 2 HAI.T. 3. FRONT, 
 
 * iitiiu i!i5.Lriujtor wish tbu oouipaiiy to face to the ri>j:Lit i>r 
 lett, without doiihling files, he must caution them to that'effect. 
 The abovB commands might be varied thus ; Company, two 
 ranks, nght (ovleft)-vxc^. 
 
46 THE COMPANY. 
 
 § 24G. Tlie second and third commands will be exe- 
 cuted as proscribed, §§ 42 and 43. As soon as the files 
 have undoubled, the rear rank will close to its proper 
 distance. The^captain and covering seigcant, as well as 
 the left guide, if the march be by the left flank, will re- 
 turn to their habitual places in line at the instant the 
 company faces to the front. The captain will rectify the 
 alignment. 
 
 The company being faced by flank and either in 
 maich, or at a halt, to cause it to change direction by file, 
 the instructor will command : 
 
 1, By file left (or right). 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 247. At the command march, the first file will 
 wheel ;ifto the side of the front rank man, the latter will 
 take care not to turn at once, but to describe a short arc 
 of a circle, shorter.ing a little the first five or six steps, 
 in order to give time to the fourth man ofthisfileto con- 
 form himself to the movement. If to the side of the 
 rear rank, the front rnnk man will wdieelin the step of 
 twenty-eight inches, and the fourth man will conform 
 himself to the movement by descril)ing the short arc of 
 a circle as has been explained. Each file will come to 
 wheel on the same ground where that which preceded it 
 Avheeled. 
 
 The company being in march by the right flank to 
 form it on theVight by file into line of battle, the in- 
 structor will command: 
 
 1. On the right, by file into line. 2. MARCH. 
 
 ? 248. At the command march, the rear rank men, 
 doubled, will mark time; the captain and the covering 
 sergeant will turn to the right, march straight forward, 
 and be halted by the instructor when they shall have 
 passed at least six paces beyond the rank of file closers;^ 
 the captain will place himself correctly on the line of 
 battle, and will du-ect the alignment, as the men of the 
 front rank successively arrive; the covering sergeant 
 will place hnnself behind the captain at the distance of 
 the rear rank. Thetw'o men on the right of the _ front 
 rank doubled, will contnuie to march, and passing be- 
 yond the covering sergeant and the cap(>ain, will turn 
 
THE COMPAJs^Y. 47 
 
 to the riglit; after turning, they will continue to march 
 elbow to elbow, and direct themselves towards the line 
 of battle, but when they shall arrive at two paces from 
 this line, the even number will shorten the step so that 
 the odd number may j)recede him on tlie line, the odd 
 number placing himself by the side and on the left of 
 the captain ; the even number will afterwards oblique 
 to the left, aud place himself on the left of the odd 
 number. The next two men of the front rank doubled, 
 will pass in the same manner behind the two first, turn 
 then to the right and place themselves, according to 
 the means just explained, to the left, and by the side 
 of, the two men already established on the line; the 
 remaining files of this rank will follow in succession 
 and be formed to the left in the same manner. The 
 rear rank doubled will execute the movement in the 
 manner already explained for the front rank, taking 
 care to mark time imtil four men of the front rank are 
 established on the line of battle, and as they arrive on 
 the line, to cover accurately their file leaders. 
 
 Jf the company be marching by the left flank, to 
 cause it to form by tile on the lelt into line of battle, 
 the command is : 
 
 1. Ou the left, by file into line. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 249. xVt the command march, the same movements 
 will be made to the left ; the files coming into line on 
 the right of the captain, and left guide, and the odd 
 numbers shortening the step, so that the even numbers 
 may precede them on the line. The captain and left 
 guide will return to their places m line of battle as soon 
 as the company is formed and aligned. 
 
 If the company be marching by the right flank, and 
 the instructor should wish to undouble the files, he will 
 command : 
 
 1. In two ranks, undouble files. 2, MARCH. 
 § 250. At the command march, the odd numbers will 
 continue to march straight forward, the even numbers 
 will shorten the step, and obliquing to the left will place 
 themselves promptly behind the odd numbers; the 
 rear rank men will gain a step to the left, and re-take 
 the touch of dbows. 
 
4S THE COMPANT. 
 
 § 251. If the company be marcliing by the left flank, 
 it will be the even numbers wlio will contin\ie to march 
 forward, and the ojld numbers who will undoable. 
 
 Tocause til e files to be doubled, the command is: 
 1. In four ranks, double files. 2. 31ARCH. 
 
 § 252. At the command march, the files will double 
 in the manner as explained, when the •company faces 
 by the right or left flank. 
 
 Posts of Officers in Column. 
 
 § 253. In eolum ly company, the captain is two paces 
 in front of the centre of his company ; the first ser- 
 geant on the light of the front rank, and is the right 
 guide of the company ; the second sergeant on the left 
 of the front rank, and is the left guide of the company. 
 
 § 254. In column hy 2)lntoo)v, the captain commands 
 the first platoon, the first lieutenant the second platoon : 
 each two paces in front of the centre of his platoon ; the 
 first sergeant is the guide of the first platoon : tiie second 
 sergeant is they guide of the second platoon; they will be 
 unless otherwise ordered, on the left of the front rank of 
 their respective platoon, if the column to be right in 
 front, and on the right, if the left be in front- In the 
 route step, the chiefs of platoons take the place of the 
 guides on the directing flank, and are covered by the latter 
 in the rear rank. 
 
 § 255. In column hy section, the captain commands 
 the first section : the first lieutenant the third ; the se- 
 cond lieutenant the second ; and the third lieutenant the 
 fourth section ; each two paces in front of the centre of 
 his section : the first sergeant is tlie guide of the first 
 eection, the second sergeant is the guide of the fourth ; 
 the third sergeant is guide of the thn-d; and the fourth 
 sergeant is guide of the second section ; each on the left 
 of the front rank of his section, if the column be right 
 in front, and on the right, if the left be in front. In the 
 route stej>, the chiefs of sections take the place at the guides 
 on the directing flank, and are covered by the latter in 
 the rear rank. 
 
 § 256. In column ^y company, platoon or section, the 
 file closers, not otherwise provided for, are in their jprg] 
 
THE COMPANY. 49 
 
 per places behind the rear rank of their respective sub- 
 divisions. 
 
 Movcmeuts in Column. 
 
 Tlie company being in march by the right flank* the 
 instructor, wishing to form it into line, as a subdivisicHi 
 of column, will command: 
 
 1, By company, into line. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 257. At the command marcli, the covering sergeant 
 will continue to march straight ibrward ; the men will 
 advance the right shoulder, take the double quick step, 
 and move into line, by the shortest route, taking care 
 to undouble the files, and come on the line one after an- 
 other. As the front rnnk men successively arrive* in 
 line with the covering sergeant, they will take the 
 step from him, and then turn their eyes to the front. — 
 The rear rank will conform to the movements of their 
 respective file leaders. The captain, as soon as the com- 
 pany is formed will command guide left, place himself 
 before the centre, face to the front and take the step of 
 the company. At the command guide left, the second 
 sergeant will promptly place himself in the front rank, 
 on the left, to serve as guide. 
 
 I 258. The company being in march by the left flank, 
 this movement will be executed by the same commands, 
 and according to the same principles; the company being 
 formed, the captain will command guide right ; the 
 covering sergeant on the right of the front rank will 
 serve as guide, and the second sergeant, placed on the 
 left flank, will remaim there. 
 
 The company marching by the flank, the instructor 
 •will cause it to form platoons by the command : 
 1. By platoon, into line. 2. MARCH. 
 § 259. This movement will be executed by each pla- 
 toon according to the above principles. BoUi the cap- 
 tain and lieutenant, at the instant their respective pla- 
 toons are formed, \Vill command guide left, (or right): 
 when the guide of each platoon will pass rapidly to the 
 indicated flank of the platoon, if not already there. 
 
 ^ If the instructor wish to exercise the company in pas- 
 ting from the march by the front to the march by the 
 
OO THE COMrAXy. 
 
 flank, or from the march by tlie flank to the march by 
 the 'ront, in either case, he will employ the command : 
 1. Company by the right (or left) flank, 2. MARCH. 
 
 §^G0. The conipnn3Mvill face to the I'ight or left, in 
 marching, in the manner prescribed § 45, and the captain, 
 the guides and file closers, will conform themselves to 
 what is prescribed for each in the march by the flank, or 
 in the march by the front of a company supposed to be a 
 subdivision of a column. If, csfter facin'g to the right or 
 left in marching, the company And itself faced by the rear 
 rank, the captain will place himself two paces behind the 
 centre of the front rank, now in the rear, the guides will 
 pass to the rear rank, now leading, and the file closers will 
 march in front of this rank. 
 
 If the compan}'' be marching in column by platoon, the 
 right in front, and the instructor should wish it to march 
 by the flank in the same direction, he will command : 
 
 1. Column, by the right flank. 2. By tile left. 
 3. MARCH. 
 
 § 261. At the second command, each chief of platoon 
 and its guide wifl pass rapidly to the right flank to con- 
 duct it. At the command march, each platoon will face 
 to the right in marching, wheel by file to the left and then 
 march straight forward ; the leadmg file of the second 
 platoon will unite wnth the rear file of the firs! ; the chief 
 and guide of the second, a pace befoie the union, will pass 
 through the interval to their phu-es as file closers. 
 
 § 262. With the left in front, the movement will be ex- 
 ecuted by inverse means, substituting in the command 
 left for right, and riglit for left. The captain, (if a halt 
 be not immediately commanded,) will replace the first 
 lieutenant and conduct the left flank, and the covering 
 sergeant will return to his place on the right flank, now 
 the rear. 
 
 The company being at a halt in line ^f battle, the in- 
 structor, wishing it to break into column, by platoon to 
 the right, will command : 
 
 1. By platoon, right-wheel. 2. MaRCH. 
 
 § 263. At the first command the chiefs of platoon will 
 
THE COMPANY. 63 
 
 At this, the platoon will wheel to the left. The wheel 
 being nearlj finished, the chief of the platoon will com- 
 mand : 
 
 3. Forward. 
 
 And when completely iinished, he will command : 
 4. MARCH. 
 
 At which the platoon will march straight forward in 
 the new direction ; when the chief will immediately 
 
 command : 
 
 5. Guide-LEFT. 
 
 At this, the guide will shift to the left, passing in front 
 of the platoon and in rear of its chief. 
 
 § 2G*J. The second platoon will continue to march 
 straight forward till up with the marker, when it will 
 wheel to the left, and retake the direct march by the 
 same connnands and the same means which governed 
 the first platoon. 
 
 § 270. The column being in march right in front, the 
 change of direction to the right by wheeling will be 
 executed according to the same principles but by inverse 
 means. 
 
 §271. The changes of direction in a column, left in front, 
 will be executed, according to the same principles. 
 To halt the column, and to form to the right or left 
 into line, either at a halt or on the march. 
 
 The column being in march, right in front, to halt it, the 
 instructor Avill command : 
 
 1. Column. 2. HAI.T. 
 
 § 272. At the second command, promptly repeated by 
 the chiefs of platoon, the column will halt; the guides also 
 will stand fast, although they may have lost both distance 
 and direction. 
 
 The instructor wishing to form it into a line, will place 
 
 himself at platoon distance in front of the leading guide, 
 
 face to him and rectify, if necessary, the position of the 
 
 guide beyond: which being executed, he will command. 
 
 teft-DRESS. 
 
 § 273. At this command, which will not be repeated by 
 the chiefs of platoon, each of them will place himself brisk- 
 
54 THE GOMPAKY. 
 
 ly two paces outside of liis guide, and direct the align- 
 ment of the platoon perpendicularly to the direction of the 
 column. Each chief, having aligned his platoon, will 
 command Front, and return iiuickly to his place in column. 
 The instructor will then command ; 
 
 1. I^eft into line, wheel 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 274. At the command march, briskly repeated by the 
 chiefs of platoon, the front rank man on the left of each 
 platoon will face to the left, and place his breast lightly 
 against the arm of the guide by his side, who stands fast; 
 the platoons will wheel to the left on the principle of wheels 
 from a halt. Each chief will turn to his platoon to o1>serve 
 its movement, and when the marching flank of his platoon 
 is three paces from the line, he will command: 1. Platoon^ 
 2. Halt. The chief of the second platoon having halted it, 
 will immediately return to his place as a file closer, passing 
 around the left. The captain will then move rapidly to 
 the point at which the right of the company will rest in 
 the line of battle and command: JUght-DnKus. At this 
 command the two platoons will dress up on the alignment. 
 The company being aligned, the captain will command: . 
 Front; and the instructor, seeing the company in line of 
 battle will command : 
 
 Guides-POSTS. 
 
 At this, the covering sergeant Aviil cover the captain and 
 the left guide will return to his place as a file closer. 
 
 §275. If, the left be in front, the company will be formed 
 to the right into line, upon the same principles and by in- 
 verse means. The instructor will command: \. Right in.' 
 to line^ is^ieel. 2. March. The captain, having halted 
 the first platoon, will go to the point, at which the left of the 
 com]jany will rest in line, and give the command: Left' 
 Dress: seeing both platoons aligned, he will add Front; 
 and at the command, 6't«^«:Z^s-PosTS, given by the instruc- 
 ' tor, the captain will promptly shift to the right of the com. 
 pany. 
 
 §270. If the column be marching right in front, to form 
 it into line without halting the column, the instructor will 
 give the commands prescribed § 273. At the command 
 march, briskly repeated by the chiefs of platoon, the left 
 guides will halt short, the instructor, the chiefs of platoon 
 
THE COMPANY. 55 
 
 and the platoons, will conform to what is prescribed, § 274« 
 
 § 277. If the column be in march left in front, this for- 
 mation will be made, according to the same principles and 
 by inverse means. 
 
 § 278. If the column be marching right in front, to 
 form it into line without hnliing, and to march the com- 
 pany in line to the fiont, the conniiand is : 
 
 1. By platoons, left wheel. 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the command march, briskly repealed by the chiefs 
 of platoon, the left guides will halt: the man next to the 
 left guide in each platoon will mark time ; the platoons 
 will wheel to the left, conforming to the principles of ihe 
 wheel on a hxed pivot. When the right of the platoons 
 shall arrive near the line of battle, the instructor will 
 command : 
 3. Forward. 4. MARCH. S, Guide right (or left.) 
 
 At the fourth command, given at the instant the wheel 
 is completed, the company will move oft' together." the 
 captain, the chief of the second platoon, the covering ser- 
 geant, and the left guide will take their positions as in 
 line of battle. At the fifth command, to be given im- 
 mediately after the fourth, the captain and covering ser- 
 geant, if not alread}' there, will move briskly to the side 
 on which the guide is designated. 
 
 § 279. The same principles are applicable to a column 
 hft in front. 
 
 To break the company into platoons, 
 
 The company marciiing right in front and supposed to 
 make part of a column, to cause itto break by platoon, 
 the instructor will conuiiand : 
 
 1. Break into Platoons. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 280. At the fii-st command, the captain will j^lacehim- . 
 self before the centie of the first platoon, and give the 
 caution: 1. First platoon, 2. Forieard ; the first lieu- 
 tenant will pass (juickl}' around the left to tlie centre of 
 his p.atoon, and give the caution : 1. Second 2)^atoo)i, 2. 
 Mark time. At the command march, promptly repeated 
 by the captain and first lieutenant, the first platoon will 
 continue to march straightforward —the covering sergeant, 
 
r>G THE COMPANY. 
 
 as soon .is the flank is disengaged, wili shift to the left 
 flank of this platoon, the i-econd platoon will begin to 
 maik time, and its chief will immediately add: ] liiqht 
 ohlique. 2 Makcil The hist commund will be given so 
 that thi^ platoon may commence obliquing Ihe instant 
 the rear rank of the first platoon shall have passed. 
 
 The guide of the secontl platoon being near the di icc- 
 tion of the guide of the first, the chief of the second will 
 command: 1. Foricard., and add, 2. Makcii, the instant 
 that the guide of his platoon shall cover the guide o f the 
 first. 
 
 § 281. . In a column, left in front, the company will 
 break into platoons by inverse means, applying to the first 
 platoon all that has been prescribed for the second, and re- 
 ciprocally. In this case, the left guide of the company Avill 
 shift to the right flank of the second platoon, and the cover- 
 ing sergeant will remain on the right of the first. 
 To re-form the company. 
 
 The column, by platoon, being in march, right in front, 
 to form comj)any, the instructor will command : 
 1. Form Company. 3. MARCH. 
 
 § 282, At the first command, the captain will give tho 
 caution : 1. First jjlntoon, 2. Right ohlique ; the first 
 lieutenant will give the caution : 1, i^eoond platoon, 2, For- 
 icard. At the command march, promptly repeated by the 
 captain and first lieutenant, the first platoon will oblique to 
 the right in order to unmask the second — the covering ser- 
 geant will return to the right of the company — and the sec- 
 ond will continue to march straight fui-ward, When the 
 first platoon shall have nearly unmasked the second, the 
 captain will connnand : 1, Marh time, and at the instant 
 the unmasking shall be complete, he will add : 2, Mahch. 
 The second platoon having continued to march straight for- 
 ward, when it shall be nearly up with the first, the captain 
 will command : 8 Company, 4. Forward and at the 
 instant the two platoons shall unite, add : 5, March ; the 
 first platoon Avill then cease to 'mark time, the whole com- 
 pany will march off togetlier, and the chief of the second 
 platoon Avill pass quickly around the left to his place in the 
 rear of the company. 
 
THE COMPANY. 57 
 
 § 283. In a column left in front, the Svirae movement will 
 be executed b^^ invei'.se means. The guide of the second 
 |)latoon, on its riglit, will pass to its left flank, the moment 
 the platoon l>egins to oblirjue^ the guide of the first remain- 
 ing on the right flank of his pktoom 
 
 ^ 284. 'J'l^ifrcojnpanr marching in column by platoon, 
 f.-ight (or left) in front, may be broken into sections, and re- 
 formed into pUitoons, according to the same principles. 
 To break tiles to tlie rear, and to cause tbeni to re- 
 enter into line. 
 
 The company being in march and constituting part 
 of a column, right in front, to cause fil\3s to break off from, 
 glie left, the instructor vill command : 
 
 1, Tw« files from left to rear. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 285. At the command march, tlie first two files on the 
 left of the company will mark time, the others will continue 
 (o march straight forward ; the two rear rank men of the 
 files will, as soon as the rear rank oi the company shall 
 clear them, move to the right hy advancing the outer shoul- 
 der; the odd number Avill place himself behind the third file 
 from thit t^ank, the even number behind the fourth, passing 
 for this purpose behind the odd number, the two front rank 
 men will, in like manner, move to the right wheii the rear 
 rank of the company shall clear them, the odd number will 
 place himself behind the first file, the even number behind 
 the second file, passing fov this purpose Uelund tlie oddnuui- 
 i)cr. 
 
 § 286, It tl>3 instructor should still wish to break twd 
 !nies froui the same side, he will give the saine order ; at the 
 command march, the files already broken, advancing a little 
 the outer t>hoidder, will gain the space of two files to the 
 tight, shortening, at the same time, the step, in order to make 
 room between tbei^iselves and the reai* rank of the company 
 for the tiles last ordered to the rear : the latter v.411 break io. 
 the sanie m.anjier as tlie first. The men who do^ible should 
 increase the length of the step iu order to prevent distances 
 from being los-t. 
 
 If the files are broken from the right, the command will 
 be: 
 
 I. Two tiles from ri^Jit to rear. 5L MARCH. 
 
^8 THE COHPANT. 
 
 § 287. At the command mnrcli., the files will move to t'h* 
 Mt, advancing the outer s-houlder, tlie even number of the 
 r«ar ranlv will place himselt behind the third file, the odd 
 number of the same rank bcdiind the fourth ; tlie even num- 
 ber of the front rank behind the iirstfilo. the odd number of 
 the same rarik. behind the secoritl^ the cx.ld nuztiJaers for this- 
 purpose pa>^sing behind the ey.on numbers., 
 
 § 288., When the front of the coiiipan y is thus diminish- 
 ed by breaking e>ff successive gwups of tw-o iiles. the new 
 files must always be bfoken ft-om the same side. 
 
 If the instruct(^r wish the files broken oif to rG-tuiii into» 
 Ine, he wilt commAnd : 
 
 1. Two tiles into line. S. MARCH. 
 
 § 280. At the command marcli, the hrst two files of tho.s* 
 marching by the filank, will return briskly into line, and the- 
 othei-s will gain the space of two ^les by advancing the inner- 
 shoulder towards the iiank to wdnch they belong... 
 
 § 290. On the same pi-incrplas any n.uml)er O'f iile«- 
 may be broken off together, in whic-h ease the co:niand; 
 will be ; Four or isixjil&sfr^m the left [or right) to rear r 
 March; and any aumber of nies may he braug-lit into 
 line at once, by the conjmand : FoKr or sirjile iriio/hie:: 
 March. "Whenever there is on th^ right or left iA' v» 
 subdivision, a file which does aot belc-ng to- a group, i& 
 will be br-oken off" aiul' brought into, line &ingly. 
 The i olitm* itt Roiiteo. 
 
 The cempaiay being in march, and supposed to- consti^ 
 tute part of a column, if the irystructor wish t& march, 
 in the route step, he will command : 
 
 1. JCoute Step. a. MARCHo. 
 
 §'291. At the command warcA, re-peated by the eapr 
 tain, the- fro-ut rank will continue ther step of twenty- 
 •sight inches, the rear rank wdll take, by gradually 
 shortening the step, the distance of twenty-eight inch-es- 
 from thefi-ont rank ; then-^en, without further command, 
 will immediately carry their arms at will, as indicated in; 
 § IIG. They will no loiiger be required to march in the- 
 eadenced pace, or with the sam-e foot, or to remain silent. 
 
 § 29'2. llie company, marching in the route step, \t 
 &out nmy be dimmishcd by breaking into platoon.^, o> 
 
THE COMPANY. i>i> 
 
 sections, "by the same commaiKls, and hy the same means, 
 as if the company were marching in the cadenced step. 
 When the company breaks into platoons, the chLof of each 
 will move to the flank of his platoon, and will take the 
 place of the guide, who will step back into the rear rank. 
 As soon as the platoons shall be broken, each chief of sec- 
 tion will place himselt on its directing flank in the front 
 rank ; the guides, who will be thus displaced, will fall back 
 into the rear rank ; the tile closers will close up to within 
 one pace of this rank. The moment the platoons are re- 
 formed, the chiefs of the loft sections will return to thciy 
 places as file closers. 
 
 § 29-3 The company marching in the route step, the 
 instructor will cause it to change direction, which will be- 
 executed without formal commands, on a shnple caution 
 from the captain ; the rear rank will come uj) to change- 
 direction in the same manner as the front rank. Each rank 
 will conform itself, although in the route step, to the princi- 
 ples prescribed for the change in closed ranks, with this- 
 difference only ; that, in wheeling, the pivot man, instead of 
 taking steps of nine, will take steps of fourteen inches, in 
 order to clear the wheeling point. When the company 
 marching in the route step shall halt, the rear rank will 
 close up at the command Aaft, and the whole will shoulder 
 arms. 
 
 § 294. The company marching in the route step, to cause 
 It to pass to the cadenced step, the instructor will order 
 pieces to be brought to the right shoulder, and then com- 
 mand : 1. Quick time. 2. March. At the command »?a?r//,. 
 the men will i-esume the cadenced step, and will close so as 
 to leave a distance of sixteen inches between each rank. 
 The chiefs- and guides of sub-divisions will resume their 
 places in column.'-' 
 
 * Sometimes it is desirable to march the company in the 
 form of the column in route, but in the cadenced step, in 
 which case the instructor will comxnand : 1. Op'^>'> Order, 
 2. March. At the command march, the rear rank will tike, 
 by shortening the step, the distance of four paces irorn the 
 front rank;, each chief of the platoon, or section ^^ will movo 
 
CO THE COMPANY. 
 
 Countermarch. 
 
 The company being at a halt and supposed to be part of 
 a cohimn. riirht in front, to cause it to counter - narch, the 
 instructor will command : 
 
 1. Countermarch. 2. Company, rijrhl-FACU. 
 3. By file left, 4. MARCH. 
 
 § 295. At the second command, the company will fice 
 to the right, the two guides to the right about; the captain 
 will goto the right of his company', and cause two liles to 
 break to the rear, aud then place himself by the side of the 
 front rank man to conduct liim. At the command war67^, 
 both guides will stand iast; the company will step off smartly; 
 the first file, conducted by the captain, will wheel around 
 the right guide, and direct it-^ march along the front rank 
 so as to arrive behind an] two paces from the left guide; 
 each file will come in succession to wheel on the same 
 ground, around the right guide; the leading hie having 
 arrived att a point opposite to the left guide, tfie captain 
 will command : 
 
 1. Company. 2. HALT 3.r lO^fT. 1. Right-DRESS. 
 
 The first command will be given at ./biw paces from the 
 point where the leading file is to rest. The company will 
 halt at the second command, and at the third it will fiice to 
 the front. After the fourth command, the captain will 
 step two paces outside of the left guide, now on the right, 
 anddirect the alignment, so that the front rank may be en- 
 closed between the guides; the company being aligned, he 
 will command Fhont , and place himself before the centre 
 of the company as if in column; the guides, passing along 
 the front rank, will shift to their proper places, on the right 
 and left of that rank, 
 
 § 29G. In a column by platoon (or section,) the comi- 
 termarcb will be executcid by the same commands, and ac- 
 cording to the same principles; the guide of each platoon 
 
 to the flank of his subdivision, and take the place of the 
 guide, who will step back to the rear rank, as in the route 
 step. At the commands: 1. Close Order. 2, March; the 
 rear rank will close up and the chiefs and guides of subdivis- 
 ions will resume their places in column. 
 
THE COMPANY. 61 
 
 (or seeticn) will fiice about, and its chief will place himself 
 by the side of the file on the right, to conduct it. 
 
 § 297. In a column left in IVout, the conunand will be 
 executed byinA'crs^o commands and means, but according to 
 the same principles. Thus, the movement will be made 
 by the right Hank of subdivisions, if the right be in front, 
 and by tlic left flank, if the left be in front ; in both cases 
 the subdivisious will wheel by file to the side of the front 
 rank. 
 
 The column being in march, to form on the right (or 
 tl3ft)^lnto line ol battle. 
 
 The column by platoon, right in front, being in march, 
 to form it on the right into line of battle, the instructor 
 will conmiand : 
 
 1. On the risjhtlnto line. 2. Guide-right. ' 
 
 § 298. At the second command, the guide of each 
 platoon will shift quickly to its right flank ; the column 
 will continue to march straight forward ; tlie instructor 
 will move briskly (or send a marker) to the point at 
 which the right of the company ought to rest in line, and 
 place himself facing the point of direction to the left which he 
 will choose. The head of the c<,)lumn being nearly opposite 
 to the instructor, the chief of the first platoon will command : 
 1. Right turn ; and when exactly opposite to that point, 
 he will add : March. At this command, the first platoon will 
 turn to the right in conformity to the principles prescribed, 
 § G6 ; its guide will so direct his march as to bring the front 
 rank man, next on his left, opposite to the instructor ; the 
 chief of the platoon will marcli before its centre, and when 
 its guide shall be near the fine, he will command: 1. 
 Platoon. 2. Halt. At this command, which will be 
 given at the instant the right of the platoon shall arrive 
 at the distance of three paces from the line of battle, the 
 platoon will //a ?^; the files not yet in line will come up 
 promptly. The guide Avill throAV himself on the line of 
 battle, opposite to one of the three left files of his platoon, 
 and face to the instructor, who will align him on the point 
 of direction to the left. The chief of platoon will, as soon 
 as he sees all the files of the platoon in line, command : — 
 
62 THE COMPANY. 
 
 § 299. The second platoon will continue to march 
 straight forward, until its guide shall arrive opposite to the 
 left file of the first; it will then turn to the right at tl:e con - 
 mand of its chief and inarch towards the line of battle, 
 its guide (lii'ecting himself on the left file of first platoon. 
 The guide having arrived at the distance of three paces, 
 from the line of battle, this platoon will be halted, as pre- 
 scribed for the first , at the instant it halts, it« guide will 
 S])ring on the line of battle, opposite to one of the three left 
 files of his platoon, and will be assured in his position b}- the 
 instructor. The chief of tlie second platoon, seeing all its files 
 in line, and its guide established on the direction, will com- 
 mand; Right-Dress ; and then return to his place as a file 
 closes, passing around the left. The second platoon liaving 
 aligned itself on the first, the captain will command; Fr.ONT. 
 
 The movement ended the instructor will command ; 
 Guides-POSTS. 
 
 § 300. At this, the two guides will return to their places 
 in line of battle. 
 
 § 301. A column by platoon, left in front, will form on 
 the left into line of battle, according to the same princi- 
 ples, and by inverse means, applying to the second platoon 
 what is prescribed for the first,, and reciprocally. 'J'lie 
 chi<^'f of the second platoon having aligned it from the left, 
 will retire to his place as a file closer. The captain having 
 halted the first platoon three paces behind the line of bat- 
 tle, will go to the same point to align this platoon, and then 
 command: Front. At the command, guides-posts, given 
 by the instructor, the captain will shift to his proper flank 
 and the guides take their places in the line of battle. 
 Formation of a company from two ranks into four, 
 and reciprocally, at a halt, and in march. 
 
 The company being in two ranks, at a halt, and suppos- 
 ed to form part of a column right in front, the instructor, 
 wishing to form it into four ranks, will command: 
 1. InfDur ranks, form company. 2 Company, Icft- 
 
 FACE. 3 MARCH (or double qnick-MARCII.) 
 
 § 302. At the second command, the left guide will re- 
 main faced to the front, the company will face to the left» 
 
THE COMPANY. 63 
 
 raid double files as prescribed, § 41. At the command 
 mnrcJi. the first file of four men will re-face to the front 
 without uudoubling. xVll the otlicr files of four will step 
 off, and closing successively to about five inches of the pi-e- 
 ceding file, will halt, and hnniediately face to the front, 
 the men remaining doubled. The fide closers will take their 
 places at two paces in rear of the fourth rank. 
 
 The company being in four ranks, if the instructor wish 
 to form it into two ranks, he will command : 
 1. In two ranks, form compain . 2, Company rig^ht- 
 FACE. 3. MARCH (or double quick-MAliCH.) 
 
 § 303. At the second command, the Icit guide will 
 stand fast, the company will face to the right. At the com- 
 mand march, the right guide will step off and march in 
 the prolongation of the front rank. The leading file 
 offonrmen will step off at the same titne, the other 
 files standing fast; the second files will step off when 
 there shall be between it and the first space snfficient to 
 form into two ranks. The tbllowing files will execute 
 successively what has been prescribed for the second. — 
 As soon as the last file shall have its distance, the in- 
 structor will command : 1. Cowpniry. 2. Halt. 3. Front. 
 At the command //'t?if, the company will face to the 
 front, and the files will undouble. 
 
 The company being in two ranks and marching to the 
 front, if the instructor wish to form it into four ranks, 
 he will comnuand : 
 
 1. !n four rniiksi, form company. 2. Ky the left 
 double files. 3. MARCH (or double quick-MARClI); 
 
 § 304. At the command march, tlic left guide and the 
 left file of the company will continue to march straight 
 to the front: the company will make a half face to the 
 left, the odd numbers placing themselves behind the even 
 numbers. The even numbers of the rear rank will 
 shorten their step to permit the odd numbers of the 
 front rank to get between them and the even numbers 
 of that rank. The files thus formed of fours, except the 
 left file, will continue to march obliquely, lengthening 
 their steps slightly, so as to keep constantly abreast of 
 the guido ; each file will close successively on the file next 
 
64 THE COMPANY. 
 
 on its left, and when at the proper distance from that 
 file, will face to the front by a lialf face to the right, and 
 take the touch of elbows to the left. 
 
 The company being in march to the front in four 
 ranks, if the instructor wish to form it into two ranks, 
 he will command; 
 
 1. In two ranks, form companj. 2. By the right, uu- 
 double files. 3. 31 ARCH (or double qulck-3IARCH.) 
 
 ^ 305. At the command mmxli, the left guide and the 
 left file of the company will continue to march straight 
 to the front, the company will make a half lace to the 
 right and march obliquely, lengthening the step a little, 
 in order to keep, as near as possible, abreast of the guide. 
 As soon as the second file from the left shall have gain- 
 ed to the right the interval necessary for the left file to 
 form into two ranks, the second file will fjxce to the 
 front by a half face to the left and march straight for- 
 ward; the left file will immediately form into two ranks, 
 and take the touch of elbows to the left. Each file will 
 execute successively what has just been prescribed for 
 the file next to the left, and each fde will form into two 
 ranks, when the file next on its right has obliqued the 
 required distance and faced to the front. 
 
 \ 30G. If the company be supposed to make part of a 
 column, left in front, these different movements will be 
 executed according to the same principles and by in- 
 verse means, substituting the indication left for right. 
 
MANUAL FOR UIFLEMEN. G-5 
 
 MANUAL OF ARM FOR RIFLE3IEIV. 
 
 Position ol Sho«lder-AR3IS. 
 
 The piece in the right baiul — the barrel nearly vertical 
 and resting in the h(41ow of the shoulder — the guard to the 
 front, the arm hanging at nearly its full length near the 
 body ; the thumb and forehnger embracing the guard, the 
 remaining fingers closed together, and grasping the swell of 
 the stock just under the cock, which rests on the little finger. 
 Present-AltMS. [Two mctiom.'] 
 
 One. With the right hand bring the piece before the cen- 
 tre of the body, the rammer to the front ; at the same time 
 seize the piece with the left hand half-way between the 
 guide siglit and lower band, the thumb extended along the 
 barrel and against the stock, the forearm horizontal and 
 resting against the body, the hand as high as the elbow. 
 
 Two. Grasp the small of the stock with the right hand 
 below and against the guard. 
 
 Shoulder- Ail MS. [livo motiwis.] 
 
 One. Bring the piece to the right shoulder, at the same 
 time change the position of the right hand so as to embrace 
 the guard with the thumb and forefinger, slip up the left 
 hand to the height of the shoulder, the fingers extended and 
 joined, the right arm nearly- straight. 
 
 Tivo. Drop the left hand quickly by the side. 
 Order- A.R3IS. [Two tnotions.l 
 
 One. Seize the piece briskly with the left hand near the 
 upper band, and detach it slightly from the shoulder with 
 the right hand : loosen the grasp of the right hand, lower 
 the ])iece with the left, re-seize the piece with the right hand 
 above the lower band, the little finger in the rear of the bar- 
 rel, the butt about four inches from the ground, the right 
 hand supported against the hip, drop the loft hand by the 
 side. 
 
06 MANUAL OF KIELEEEN, 
 
 ^too. Let the piece slip through the right hand to th« 
 ground by opening slightly the tingers, and take the 
 
 Position of Order Arms. 
 
 The hand low, tlie barrel between the tlmmb and fore- 
 finger extended along the stock; the other fingers extended 
 and joined; the muzzle about two inches from the right 
 shoulder; the rammer in front; the toe {or beak) of the 
 butt, against, and in a line with the toe of the right foot, the 
 barrel perjjendicular. 
 
 Shoulder- A RMS. [ Two mothns.] 
 
 'One. Eaise the piece vertically with the right hand to 
 the height of the right breast, and opposite the shoulder, 
 the elbow close to the body ; seize the piece with the left 
 hand below the right, and drop quickly the riglit hand to 
 grasp the piece at the swell of the stock, the thumb and 
 forefinger embracing the guard; press the piece against the 
 shoulder with the left hand and below the right arm nearly 
 straight. 
 
 Two. Drop the left hand quickly by the side, 
 
 Siipj>ort-ARMS« Yriiree motions.] 
 One. Bring the piece, with the right hand, perpendicu- 
 larly to the front and between the eyes, the barrel to the 
 rear ; seize the piece with the left hand at the lower band, 
 raise this as high as the chin, and seize the piece at the same 
 time with the right hand four inches below the cock. 
 
 Two. Turn the piece with the right hand, the barrel to 
 the front ; carry the piece to the left shoulder, and pass the 
 forearm extended on the breast between the right hand and 
 the cock ; support the cock against the left forearm, the left 
 hand resting on the right breast. 
 
 Three, Drop the right hand by the side, 
 
 J!J^^oulder (or Carry)- ARMS. {iViree motions.) 
 One. Grasp the piece Avith the right hand under and 
 against the forearm ; seize it with the left hand at the lower 
 band, the thumb extended : detach the piece slightly from 
 the shoulder, the left forearm along the stock. 
 
 Two. Carry tlie piece vertically to the right shoulder 
 with both hands, the rammer to the front, change the posi- 
 
MANUAL FOR RIFLEIVIEN. 67 
 
 fion of the nglit hand so as to embrace the guard with the 
 thumb and forefinger, slip the left hand to the height of the 
 shoulder, the fingers extended and joined, the right arm 
 nearly straight, 
 
 Turee. Drop the left hand quickly by the side. 
 
 Fix-BAYONET. [Three jiwaons^.-] 
 
 One. Grasp tlie piece with the left hand at the height o^ 
 the shoulder, and detach it slightly from the shoulder with 
 the right hand, 
 
 Tivo. Quit the piece with the right hand, lower it with 
 the left hand, opposite the middle of thf body, and place 
 the butt between the feet without sliock, the rammer to the 
 rear, the barrel vertical, the muzzle three inches from the 
 body; seize it with the right hand at the upper bnnd, and 
 carry the left hand reversed to the handle of the sabre- 
 bayonet. 
 
 ^Threc. Draw the sabre-bayonet from the scabbard and 
 fix it on the extremity of the barrel ; seize the piece with the 
 left hand, the arm extended, the right hand at the upper 
 band. 
 
 Stioulder- .\ H MS, [ Tar, motiojis.'] 
 
 One. Raise the piece Avith the left hand and place it 
 against the right shoulder, the rjimmer to the front: seize 
 p^ece at the same time with the right hand, at the swell of 
 the stock, the thumb and forefinger embracing the guard, 
 the right arm nearly extended. 
 
 Two. Drop briskly the left hand bj- the side, 
 
 Charge-BAYONET. [Two motions.] 
 
 One. Raise tho piece slightly with the right hand and 
 make a half face to the right on the left heel ; place the 
 hullow of the right foot opp )site to, and three inches from 
 the left heel, the feet square; seize the piece at the same 
 time with the left hand a little above the lower band. 
 
 Tivo. Bring down the piece with both hands, the ]>arrel 
 uppermost, the left elbow against tho body ; seize the small 
 of the stock, at .the same time, with the right hand, which 
 v'ill be supportel against the hip; the point of the oabre- 
 bayonet as high d.^ the eye. 
 
 5^ 
 
C8 MANUAL FOR RIFLEMEN. 
 
 Shoulder- ARMS. [Two motions.] 
 One. Throw up the piece briskly with the left hand 
 in facing to the front, place it against the right shoulder, 
 the rammer to the front ; turn the right hand so as to em- 
 hrace the guard, slide the left hand to the height of the 
 yhoulder, the right hand nearly extended. 
 
 Tivo. Drop the left hand smartly by the side. 
 
 Trail- ARMS. [Two motvms.'] 
 One. The same as the first motion of order arms. 
 Two. Incline the muzzle slightly to the front, the 
 butt to the rear and about four inches from the ground. 
 The right hand, supported at the hip, will so hold the 
 piece that the rear rank men may not touch with theix* 
 bayonets the men in the front rank. 
 Shoulder- \RMS, 
 At the command shoulder, raise the piece perpendicular- 
 ly in the right hand, the little fmger in rear of the barrel. 
 At the command arms, execute the two motions prescribed 
 for the shoulder from the position of order arms. 
 Uufix-BAYONET. [Three motions.] 
 One. The same as the first motion oi iix-'bayonet. 
 2\do. The same as the second motion of fix-bayonet, ex- 
 cept that the thumb of the right hand will be placed on 
 the spring of the sabre-bayonet, and the left hand will cm- 
 brace the" handle of the sabre-bayonet and the barrel, the 
 thumb extended along the blade. 
 
 Three. Press the thumb of the right hand on the spring, 
 wrest off the sabre-bayonet, turn it to the right, the edge to 
 the frorit, lower the guard until it touches the i-ight hand, 
 which will seize the Ijack and the edge of the blade between 
 the thumb and first two fingers, the other fingers holding 
 the piece ; change the position of the hand without quit- 
 ting the handle, return the sabre-bayonet to the scabbard, 
 and seize the piece with the left hand, the arm extended. 
 Shoulder- ARMS. [2wo mMioiis.]. 
 One. The same as the first motion from fix-hay onet, 
 Tm. The same as the second yiotiou from fix-bayonet. 
 
MANUAL FOR RIFLEMEX. 6*9 
 
 Sectire-i^KM^. [Three motions:] 
 
 One. The same as the lir.st motion of .mjwort armsi, ex- 
 cept, with the right hand seize the piece at tlie small of the 
 stock. 
 
 Tioo. Turn the piece vrith hoth hands, the barrel to tlio 
 front ; bring it opposite the left shoulder, the bult against 
 the hip, the left hand at the lower band, the thumb as ijigh 
 as the chin and extended on the rauimer ; the piece erect 
 and detached from the shoulder, the left forearm against 
 the piece. 
 
 Three. Reverse the piece, pass it under the left arm, the 
 left hand remaining at the lower baud, the thumb on the 
 rammer to prevent it from sliding out, the little finger rest- 
 ing against the hij), the right iiand falling at the same 
 time by the side. 
 
 Shoii3!ler-Al!MS. [Three mothns:\ 
 
 One. Eaiso the piece with the left hand, and seize it 
 with the right hand at the small of the stock. The piece 
 erect and detached from the shoulder, the butfc against the 
 hip, left forearm along the piece. 
 
 Tlco. The same as the second m.otion oi fshoidder arms 
 from a support. 
 
 Three. The same as the third motion of slioulder arms 
 from a support. 
 
 lliglit Shoulder, §liift-AIl3IS. [Ttro motion.?.] 
 
 One. Detach the piece perpendicularly from the shoul- 
 der with the right hand, and sieze it with the left between 
 the lower bancl and the guide sight, raise the jjiece, the left 
 hand at the height of the shoulder and four inches from it ; 
 place at the same time, the righ£ hand on the butt, the 
 brace between the first two fingers, the other two fingers 
 under the butfc plate. 
 
 Ttco. Quit the piece with the left hand, raise and place 
 the piece on the right shoulder with the right hand, the 
 lock plate upwards ; let fall, at tlie same time, the left hand 
 by tlie side. 
 
 •Should r r- A R 31 S . ( Two motions. ) 
 
 One. Eaise the piece perpendicularly by extending the 
 right arm to its full length, the rammer' to the front, at the 
 
70 MAXUAL FOR KIFLEMEN. 
 
 snmc tiine, seize tie picee with the left hand hetween tli e 
 lower band mid guiiiu sight. 
 
 'ViD'i. Quit the l)iitt witli the rigvit liaud, wliich will im- 
 meiliately eiid)race the guanl, lower the piece to the poyitioii 
 ol" shoulder arms, slide up the left hand to the height of the 
 shoulder, the fhigers extended and closed. Drop the left 
 Land by the side. 
 
 Arms at Will. [One motian ] 
 
 C.u-r\' the pie:*e at pleasure on either shoulder, with one o^ 
 both hands, the muzzle elevated, 
 
 Shoultler-ARM*5. [One motion ] 
 
 Rotake quickly the position of shoulder arms. 
 
 Ground- Arms. {From the posUlo/i of order ar?7is.) [TvP 
 motions.] 
 
 0''>r. As prescrilied § 121. 
 Tt€o. As prescribed § 122. 
 
 Raise-AK3IS. [ Two motions.] 
 One. As prescriiied § 1 3. 
 Tico. As prescribed § VIA. 
 
 I^oad ill nine times. 
 1. I.OAf>." [One moiim.] 
 Grasp the piece with the left hand as high as the right el' 
 bow, and bring it vertically o]»posite the middle of the body, 
 shift the right iiand to the upper band, place the butt be- 
 tween the feet, the barrel to the front ; seize it with the left 
 hand near the muzzle, which should be three inches from the 
 body ; cany the right hand to the cartridge box. 
 2. Hanclle-CARTRIDGE. [Onemotion,] 
 Seize the cartridge with the thumb and next two fingers* 
 and place it between the teeth. 
 
 3 Tear-CARTRIDUE. [On" motion,.'] 
 Tear the pip.r to the p)\vdor, hold the cartridge upright 
 between the thumb and lirst two fingers, near the top ; in 
 this position pla 'c it in front of and near the muzzle — the 
 back of the hand t> the front. 
 
 ** Wiicuevcr itic iOauiu.,ti uiid iiiings are to be exoculed, tho 
 Jnstrnctojf wiM cause tb,* carUU^e bu;£,es to Ibe brought to ik9 
 
 ptQat. 
 
MANUAL FOR RIFLEMEN. 71 
 
 4. Cliar^c-CARTRIDar:. [O.ie mntio'i.] 
 
 Empty the powder into the burrel : disengage the ball from 
 the paper with the right hand and the thunih and lirsttwo 
 fingers of the left; insert it into the bi-re, the pointed end u.p- 
 l)ermost, and i)ress it down w ith the right thiiiidi ; seize the 
 head of the rammer with the tliumb and tbrdinger of the 
 right hand, the other lingers closed, the elbows near the bod}', 
 5.1) l-a w- R A M M 111, [ 77, r, e motion a.] 
 
 One. Half draw the rammer by extemhng the right arm ; 
 steady it in this position with the left thumb ; grasp the ram- 
 mer near the muzzle with the right hand, the little linger up- 
 permost, the nails to the fnait, the thumb extended along the 
 rammer. 
 
 Tio . Clear the rammer from the pipes by ngnin extending 
 the arm ; the rammer in the prolongation of the pipes. 
 
 Three. Turn the rammer, the little end of the rammer 
 passing near the left shouKler ; phue the head of the rammer 
 oil the ball, the back of the hand to the front. 
 
 G. Ilam-C VSlTHlD^i^;. [0-e mofion.] 
 
 Insert the rammer as far as the right, and steady it in this 
 position with the thumb of tlie left hand ; seize the ranmicr 
 lit the small end with the thumb and forefinger of th.e right 
 hand, the back of the hand io the front ; press the ball home, 
 the elbows near the body. 
 
 7. Retu n-R ^ M 31 !■:«. [ Three mofmn^ ] 
 
 One. Draw the rammer half way out, and steady it 
 in this position wiih the left thumb ; grasp it ni,ar the 
 muzzle with the right han:l. the little finger npy)(•ru50^t, 
 the nails to the front, the thumb along the rammer; clear 
 the rammer from the bore by extending the arm, the 
 nails to the front, the rammer in the prolongation of the 
 bore. 
 
 2'ico. Turn the ramnisr, its head passing near the left 
 shoulder, and iasjrt it in th:^ pip3s u.til the right hand 
 rj ches the muzzle, the nails to the front. 
 
 T ii'ee. Force the rammer home by placing the Utile 
 finger of the right hand on the head of the rammer; pasd 
 the left hand down the barrel to the extent of the arm, 
 without depressing the shoulder. 
 
72 MANUAL FOR KIFLEMEN. 
 
 *8. PillME. {Ttoomotiou.) 
 
 0:ie. With the left hand raise the piece till the liand is 
 as hi,2:h as the eye, grasp the small of the stook with the 
 right hand ; halt' face to the right ; place, at the same time, 
 the right foot behind and at right angles with the left ; 
 the hollow of the right foot against the left heel. Slip 
 the left hand down to ihe ip wer hand, the thumb along 
 the stock, the lef]^ elbow against the body ; bring the piece 
 to the right side, "the butt belo-.v the right forearm — the 
 small of the stock against the body and two inches below 
 the right breast, the barri-l upwards the muzzle on a level 
 with the eye. 
 
 Tloo. Half cock with the thumb of the right hand the 
 fingers supported against the. guard and the small of the 
 stock — remove the old cap Avith cue of the fingers of the 
 right hand, and with the thumb and forefinger of the same 
 hand take a cap fsom the pouch, place it on the mpjile, 
 and press it down with the thumb fseize the small of the 
 stock with the right hand. 
 
 9. ghouIder-ARI^S. 
 
 Ohe. Bring the piece to the right shoulder and support 
 it there with the Iv. ft hand, face to the front; bring tlie 
 right heel to the side of and on a line with the left ; grasp 
 the piece with the right hand as indicated in the position 
 Qi slioiddeT arms. 
 
 Two. Drop the left hand quickly by the side. 
 RElIiY. {Three ntutlons.) 
 
 One. Kaiae the piece slightly with the right haiid, mak- 
 ing a half face to the right on the left heel; carry the 
 right foot to the rear, :itui place il at right angles to tlie 
 left, the hollow of it opposite to, and against the left heel ; 
 grasp the jjiece with the left hand at tiio lower band 
 and detach it slightly from the shoulder. 
 
 Two. Bring down tlic piece with both hands, the 
 barrel upwards, the left thumb extended alo igthe stock, 
 
 ■^- If the Prlrii:'!- be used, the cnuur.aud will be load ih anJit 
 timef!, and the eight connnand will be, skuuhl'i' ur)/ix, and execu- 
 ted from retarii ra/hnaer, '\\\ two niuiions, as l';;liov\s : 
 
 One. Raiiso the piece v.-ith ihe lelt baud and take the position 
 <jf shoulder aims. 
 
 livo. Drop the left hand quickly by the side. 
 
MANUAL FOR RIFLEMEN. 73 
 
 the butt below the riglit forearm, the small of the stock 
 against the borly and two inches below the right breast, 
 the muzzle as liigh as the eye, the left elbow against 
 the side : place at the same time the right thumb on 
 the head of the cock, the othertingers under andagainsi 
 the guard. 
 
 r/iree. Cock and seize the piece at the small of the 
 Btock without deranging the jwsition of the butt. 
 AIM. [On mo ' la n.] 
 Raise the piece with both hands, and support the but*' 
 against the right shoulder; the left elbow down, the 
 right nearly as high as the shoulder; incline the head 
 ^ipon the butt so that the right eye may perceive quickly 
 the object aimed at ; the left eye'closed, the right thumb 
 extended -long the stock, the forefinger on the trigger. 
 
 The rear rank men, in aiming, will each carry the 
 right fo;)t about eight inches to "the right, and towards 
 the left heel of the man next on the right, inclining the 
 upper part ot the body forward. 
 
 FIRE. [One mutlon.-] 
 Press the forefinger against the trigger, fire, without 
 lowering or turning the head, aud remain in this posi- 
 tion. 
 
 rOAi). FromtlieiiA.'^ [One motion.'] 
 Bring down tlie ])iecc with both hands, at the same 
 time face to the front and take the po-^ition of load. 
 S£ach rea.r rank man vrill bring his right foot by the side 
 ij'i the left. 
 
 Shouider-ARMS, From tlie fire. [One moiio?i.'] 
 Throw up the piece briskly with the left hand and 
 resume the position oi'sJiouIdtr arms, at the same time 
 ■face to the front, turning on the left heel, and bring the 
 right heel on a line with the left. 
 
 .«:- From this positiofl, the instructor may cause tlic loading 
 to b»eontiiaucd, as already prescribed. If be wish tlie men to 
 'load witboutrestingou tbe times, be -will command, 1. Load at 
 uu.ll. 2. LoAD:wben eacb man will load promptly, obsci'ving 
 every motion, but without xedtin^, and -Rrith out waiting for hi« 
 uoi^'hl'ors. 
 
74 MANUAL FOR RIFLEMEN. 
 
 Recover- ARMS. Frrnifheahn. [C 7} e motion.'] 
 At the word Teeavei% witlidraw tlie fingor from tlv© 
 trigger; at the command arms, retake tlie position of 
 reac y. 
 
 Shoulder- ARMS. Frov- tie ready. [0 le mntiin.] 
 At the word shoulder, phice thetluimb upon the coclr^ 
 the forefinger on the trigger, half cock, and seize tlie 
 small of the stock witJi the right hand. At the com- 
 mand arms, bring up the piece briskly to the right 
 shoulder, and retake the position of shoulder arms. 
 Inspection-AR3IS. From order arms. [Tioo motions.] 
 One. Seize the piece with the left hand below and 
 near the upper band, carry it with both hands opposite 
 the middleof the body, the butt between the feet, the 
 rammer to the rear, the barrel vertical, the muzzle about 
 three inches from the bvdy; carry the Kit hand re- 
 versed to the sabre-bayonet, draw it from the scabbard 
 and fix it on the barrel; grasp the piece with the left 
 hand below and nrar the upper band, seize the rammer 
 ■with the thuBib and forefinger of the right hand beat, 
 the other dingers closed. 
 
 Tcco. Draw the rammer as explained in loadh g^ and 
 let it glide to the bottom oi the bore, replace the piece 
 with the left hand opposite the right shoulder, and re- 
 take ti e position o\' order arms. 
 
 The instructor will then pass along the front of tho 
 rank and inspect the piece of each man. all c >iifo.'ming 
 to the principles pie cribed lor ni.-;pt!Ction in tiie squall 
 drill, ^ K-)9. Each man, when the instructor shall liave 
 passed him, will retake the position prescribed at the 
 command inspection uriiis, reiurn the rammer, and re- 
 sume the position of order aims. 
 
 Stack-ARMS. 
 At this command, the front rank man of every even 
 numbered iile will pass his piece before him, seiz ng it 
 with the left hand near the upper band; will place the 
 butt a iittle in advance of Ins left toe, tliel'nrrcl turned 
 towards the bo;ly, and draw the rammer slightly iroza 
 its place: tiie front rank man of every odd numbered 
 
MANUAL FOR RIFLEMEN. 75 
 
 file will also draw the rammer slightly, and pass 
 his piece t > the man next on his left, wlio wil seize 
 it with the right h.inJ near tiie upper band, and 
 pl;ice the butt u I ttle in advance of the right toe of the 
 inanne>;ton his right, tlie liarrel turned to the front: 
 he will tiien cross the rammer of tlie two pieces, ihe 
 r.imm 'r of the piece of the o<ld niunber nuin bei g in- 
 8ide: the rear rank man of every even file will also draw 
 li s rammer, lean his pie e forward, tiie lock plale down- 
 war Is, advance the righi foot about six inches, and in- 
 sert the rimmer between the rammer and l»arrel of th& 
 piece of his fro t rank man; wish his left hand he wi I 
 place the butt of his piece on ihe ground, ihirty-two in- 
 ches in rear of and perpendicular to, the fro. t rank, 
 bringing buck hisright loot by the side of the left; the 
 front rank man of every even file will at the same time 
 lem the stack to the rear, quit it with his right h.-.n I, 
 and f'»rce all the 'ammers <l<iwn. The stack Itein^: thus 
 formed, the rear rank man or every odd file will pass his 
 piece into his lel"t hand, the l>arrei to the front, and in- 
 clining it forward; wi.l rest in it on the stack. 
 Take-ARMS. 
 
 At tliis command the rear rank man of every odd 
 numbered file will withdraw iiis piece from the stack; 
 the front rank man ot every even file will sei>;e his own 
 piece with thi' left, hand arid that of the man on his 
 right with his right hand, both above the hnver band: 
 the rear rank man of the even file will seize his piece with 
 the right hand below the lower band; these two men 
 will I'aise up the sta k to loosen the rammers- the front 
 rank man of everv odd file will ficilitate the di:eni:;ige- 
 ment of the rammers, if nece-jsary. by drawing then) out 
 eliglitly w!th 'he left hand, and will receive his piece 
 from the htnd of of the man next cm his left; the four 
 men vvid retake the position of the soldier at order 
 arms. 
 
INSPECTIOX. 
 
 REGL'LATiOXS AS TO IXSPECTiOX, 
 PARADES, ETC. 
 
 FORM OF IN.oPECTION. 
 
 The inspeetiou of troops, not le^s than a coiwpanv, 
 Tvill genemlly be preceded by a review. The present 
 example etnhraces a battalion. 
 
 The inspecting ofH;'er and the fiei'l and staif officers 
 v,"ill be on foot. The batta'iou being in the order of 
 battle, the colonel will cause it to break into open col- 
 umn of companies, right in front, lie will next order 
 the ranks to be opened, wlien the color-rank and color- 
 guard, under the direction of the adjutant, will take 
 post ten paces in front, and the band ten paces in rear of 
 the column. The colonel seeing the lanks aligned, will 
 then command; 
 
 1. Officers and Sorj^cauts to tTxe front of your Compa- 
 nioa, 2. MARCEL. 
 
 The officers will ibrm themselves in one rank, eight 
 paces, and the non-connnissioned officers in one rank, 
 fsix paces in advance, along the whole fronts of their 
 respective companies, from right to lefc in the order of 
 seniority; tlie pioneers and music of each company, in 
 one rank, two paces behind the non-commissioned offi- 
 cers. The colonel will then command: 
 
 1. Field and Staff, to the frojit. 2. MARCH. 
 
 The commissiouel uftlcors thus designated, will form them- 
 selves in one rank, on aline equal to the front of the column, 
 six paces in front of the colors, from right to left in the 
 
INSPECTION. 7 7 
 
 order of seniority : and the non-commissioned stuff, in a sim- 
 ilar manner, two paces in rear of tlie preceding rank. The 
 colonel, seeing the movement executed, will take post on the 
 right of the lieutenant colonel, and wait the approach of the 
 inspecting oflicer. But sucli of the field officers as may be 
 superior in rank to the inspector, will not take post in front 
 of the battalion. 
 
 The inspector will commence in front. After inspecting 
 the drcds and general appearance of the field and commis- 
 sioned staff undv'^r arms, the inspector, accompanied by these 
 officers, will pass down the open column, looking at every 
 rank in front and rear. 
 
 The colonel will now command, 1. Order-Xn'i^is. 2, 
 Rest ; when the inspector will proceed to make a minute 
 inspection of the several ranks or divisions, commencing ia 
 front. 
 
 As the inspector approaches the non-commissioned staff, 
 color-rank, the color-guard and the band, the adjutant will 
 give the necessary orders for the inspection of arms, boxes, 
 and knapsacks. The colors will be jolanted firm in the 
 gruund, to enable the color-bearers to display the contents 
 of their knapsacks. The non-connuissioned staff may be 
 dismisseil as soon as inspected, but the color-rank and color- 
 guard will remain until the colors are to be escorted to the 
 place from which they were taken. As the inspector suc- 
 cessively approaches the companies, the cajDtains will com- 
 mand : 
 
 1. Attention. 2. Compauy. 3. Iiispccticn-ARMS. 
 The inspecting officer will then go through 4jy.e whole 
 company, and minutely inspect the arms, accoutrements and 
 dress of each soldier. After this is done the captain will 
 connnand : Oper,-BoxES, ; when the ammunition and boxes 
 Avill be examined. He will then command : 
 1. §Iioxilder»ARr»IS. 2. Close-Order 3, MARCH. 
 4. Order- AliMS. 5. Stact-AKMS. G. To the rear, 
 open order T. MARCH. 8. Front rauk, ABOUT- 
 FACE^:. 9. UiisiiKg-iinapsacks, lO. Open-Knap- 
 sacks. 
 
 The sergeants will face inward at the 2nd command, and 
 close upon the centre at the 3rd, and at the 5th command 
 
78 INSPECTION. 
 
 stack their arms ; at the Gth tliey will face outward, and at 
 the 7th resume their positiDti. Wiien the rMuks are closed, 
 })repa rati try to tdhc-anny, the sc^rgeants will also close i;})(*n 
 the ceiitri-, and at tlie word, take their arms and rebume 
 their position. 
 
 The knap.-vicks will he plajed at the feet of the men, the 
 lla})S from them, with the great coats on the flaps, and krmp- 
 sacks leaning on the great coats. In this pot^itio^ the in- 
 spjctor will examine their coritents, or somaiiy of tlicm as he 
 may think necessary, commencing with the non-commissi-.-n- 
 Cvl olIi-XTS, the mjn standing at attention. When the in- 
 spect r has passed through the company, the captain will 
 Command: R^p'ck Kth.p.^tckff, when each soldier will re- 
 pack and buckle up his knapsack, leaving it on thegn.und, 
 the numl)er upwards turned from him, and then stand at 
 rest. The captain will then command : 
 1. Atteiiiioii. 2. Company. 3. Siing^-Knapsacks. 4. 
 Front rank, ABOUT-FACK. 5. Close Order. G 
 MARCH. 1. Take-. 1^x^13. 8. Siioulder-ARxMS. o' 
 C Hie or s and Scrijcauts to your posts. lO. MARCH*. 
 At the w.)rd sUnf/ of the 3rd comm vnd, each soldier will 
 take his knajjsack, holding it by the inner straps, and 
 stand erect ; at the last word, he will rephn.'e it on his back. 
 At the 10th command, the company will file oft" to their 
 tents or quarters, excejtt the company that is to re-escort the 
 colors, whiuh will await the further orders of the colonel. 
 
DRESS PARADE. 79 
 
 FORMS OF PARADE, 
 
 The examples here given embrace a battalion of iir 
 fiiitry. A single company will parade as if it were with 
 the battaUin. 
 
 1. DRESS PARADE. 
 
 At the hour appuinte.l, on the signal of the adjutant, 
 the captains wilt mirja thjir companies to the parade- 
 grounil, wiiere they take their p )sition3 in the order of 
 battle. When the line is formed the captain of the 
 first company, on notice from the adjutant, steps one pace 
 to the front and gives to liis company the command : 
 Order-\R}>is ; Parala-ilzsT ; whioii is repeated by each 
 captain in successi.)n to the left. The adjutant takes post 
 two paces on the right of the line ; the sergeant-major two 
 paces on tlie lett. Tiie music will be formed in two ranks on 
 the right of the adjutant. The senior officer present will 
 take tlie command of the parade, and will take post at a 
 suitable distance in front, opposite the centre facing the 
 Hue. 
 
 When the companies have ordered arms, the adjutant 
 "will order the music to 6€a/!o^', when it will commence on 
 tl e right, beat in frv)nt of thj line to the left, and back to 
 its plaje on tlie right. The adjutant will then step two 
 paces to the front, iaze to t'le kf, and command. 
 
 1. Attention. 2. Battalion. 3. Shoulder- VRMS. -1. 
 Prepare to open ranks. 5. To the rear open order 
 6. MARCH. 
 
 At the sixth command, the ranks will be opened, th<^ 
 commi-;sioned officers (field and stafl" dismounting) will 
 miroh t.) the front, field officers six paces, the company 
 otficers f )ur paces, opposite to their position in line of battle, 
 halt and dress. The adjutant seeing the ranks alligned \\i I 
 commind : FitoxT, and mirch along the front t > tlie center, 
 face to the right, and pa^s the line of company offi ers, 
 eight or ten paces, face to the right about and command : 
 Preseut-ARMS. 
 
r ' \ 
 
 SO DRESS PARADE. 
 
 Seeing this executed, he will face anout to the command- 
 ing officer, salute and report, "/Sir the ^jarade is formed." 
 The adjutant will then, on intimation to that efi'ect, take 
 his station three paces on the left of the commanding officer" 
 one pace retired, passing around his rear. 
 
 The commanding officer, having acknowledged the salute 
 of the line by touching his hat, will after the adjutant 
 has taken his post, draw his sword and command: 
 
 1. Battalion. 2. Shoulder-ARMS, 
 and add such exercises as he may think proper, conclud- 
 ing with (?/y/<p?"-Arms. He will then return his sword, 
 and direct the adjutant to receive the reports. 
 
 The adjutant will now pass around the right of the 
 commanding officer, advance upon the line, halt midway 
 betw'een him and the line of company officers, and com- 
 mand: 
 
 1. First Sergeants to the front and. centre. 
 2. MARCH. 
 
 At tlie first command, the first sergeants will fshoulder 
 arms, march two paces to the front, and face invvard. 
 At the second command, they will march to the centre, 
 and halt. The adjutant will then order: 
 
 i. Front FACK. 2. Report. 
 
 At the last word, each in succession, beginning on the 
 right, will salute by bringing the leit hand smartly across 
 the breast to tlie right shoulder, and report the 
 result of the roll-call previously made on the comj)any 
 parade. The adjutant then commands : 
 1. First Sergeants, outward-Face. 2, To your posts- 
 
 KIARCll, 
 wdien they will resume their places and order arms. The 
 adjutant will then face to the connnanding officer, salute, re- 
 port absent oflicers, and give the result of the first sergeants' 
 reports. The commanding officer will then direct the orders 
 to be read, when the adjutant will face about and announce. 
 Attention to Orders. 
 
 Having read the orders, the adjutant will face to the com- 
 manding officer, salute and report , v^dien, ou am intimation 
 
DRESS PAKADE. SI 
 
 frem tlic conimaiKler, he^vill face again to tl:e line and an- 
 nounce ; 
 
 PsLrade is disaxissed. 
 All the officers wili now return their swords^ face inward, 
 and close on the adjutant, he having taken position in their 
 line, the field officers on the flanks. The adjutarit com- 
 mands : 
 
 1. Front-FACE. 2. Forward-MARCII. 
 When they will march forward, dressing on the centre, the 
 music playing, and when within six paces of the command- 
 er, tlie adjutant will give the command : Halt. The offi- 
 cers will then salute the conunanding oflicer hy raising the 
 hand to the cap, and there remain until he shall have com- 
 municated to them such instructions as lie may have t-o give, 
 or intimates that the ceremony is finished. As the ofiicers. 
 ♦disperse, the lirst sergeants wid close the ranks of their res^ 
 pective companies, and march them oif, the hand continu- 
 ing^ to play until tlie companies clear the regimental parade 
 jrrotmd. 
 
82 REVIEW. 
 
 II. REVIEW. 
 
 Preparatory to a review, tlie adjutant will cause a camp* 
 cnldr t ) l)e p aced 80 or lOl) ])-.ice.s, <;r more, in front of, and 
 oppo.-.itc to, where the centre of the bat ta ion will rest, where* 
 the reviewia-4 ollicer is supposed to talce his station ; and al- 
 thoui,di he ma}^ choose to quit that position, still the color 
 is to be con.^idered as tlie point to wiiich all the movements 
 and formations are relative. Tlie adjutant will also cause 
 points to be marked, at suitable distances, for the wheelings 
 of the divisions, so that their ri-^ht Hanks, in marching past, 
 shall only be about four paseofrom the camp-color, or posi- 
 tion of the reviewing ofticer. 
 
 The batta ion being formed in the order of battle at nh ulcU 
 ered armx, the o'onel will command : 
 1. Battalion, prepare for review. To the rear, open 
 order. 3. 31 ARCH. 
 
 At the word mordi, the field and stjiff officers dismount, 
 the company ofHcers and the color-rank ailvance four paces 
 in front of the front rank, and i)!ace themselves opposite to 
 their respective places in the order of battle ; the color-guard 
 replace the color-rank ; the stall" ofiicers place themselves, 
 according to rank, three paces on the right of ihe rank of 
 company officers, and one pace from each other ; the music 
 takes pi')St as at dress-parade ; the non-c« nnnissioncd stafif 
 take pv)st one pace from each other, and three paces on the 
 right of the front rank of the battalion. 
 
 AVhen the ranks are aligned, the colonel wi"l command : 
 Front ; and place himself eight pa.'cs, and the lieuten- 
 ant colonel and major will place themselves two 
 pace-, in fr nt of the rank of j'ompany officerp, ard 
 opposite to their re>>pectiv(> places in the order of bat- 
 tle, all facing to the front. 
 
 When the reviewing officer presents himpe'f before the 
 centre, and is fifty or si.xty paces distant, the colonel will 
 face about and command: 
 
 Present- A RMS; 
 and resume his front. ' The men present arms, and the offi- 
 c«ri4 salute, so as to dxop tiioir swords with th« last motioA 
 
of the fireloclc. The non-commissioned stafT salute by 
 la-inging the sword to a jyoise, the liilt resting on the breast, 
 the blade in front of the face, inchning a Uttle outwards. 
 The music will play, and ali the drums beat, according to 
 the rank of the reviewing ofticer,*' 
 
 The reviewing officer having halted and acknowledged 
 the salute by tuuching or raising his cap ar hat, the colonel 
 ■will face about and command: Sfiouldcr- Arms I when the 
 men shoulder their piei;es ; the officers and non-commis- 
 sioned staff recover their swords with the last motion and 
 the colonel faces to the front. 
 
 The reviewing oflicer will then go towards the right, the 
 ■u'hole remaining perfectly sti^ady, without paying any 
 further complim<int, while he passes ?Jong the front of the 
 battalion and prt^ceeds round the left flank, and along the 
 renr of the file closers, to the right. While the reviewing 
 officer is going rcAind the battalion the band will play, and 
 ■will cease when he has returned to the right flank. 
 
 Wlien the revie^ving officer turns off to place himself 
 by the camp-color in front, the colonel will f^ce the fine, 
 and command : 
 
 1. Close order. 2* MAPCH. 
 
 At the first command the field and company officers will 
 face to the ri<rht-abont ; and at the second command, all 
 persons except the colonel, will resume their places in the 
 order of bTittle ; the field and staff officers mount. 
 
 The reviewing officer having taken his position near the 
 camp-color, the colonel will command: 
 1. By Company, right wheel. 2. Q,uick-MARCH. 3. 
 
 Pass in review. 4. Columnj forward. 6. Guide 
 
 right. 6. MARCH. 
 
 The battalion, in column of companies, right in front, 
 will then in common time, and at shoulder arms, be put 
 
 *If the rcvicwinj^ otUccr bo juujur in rauk tu the commandant 
 of the parade, no compliment will bo paid to him, but he will bo 
 received with arms carried, and the ofl&cers will not salute as 
 the column passes in review. The colors , salute such persons 
 only a3 from their rank and by regulation are cntitiod to that 
 honor* 
 
 6 
 
M KETIEW. 
 
 in motion ; the colonel four paces in front of the captain 
 of the leading company ; the liei.itenant-colonel on ii lin<5 
 with the leading coxnpany) the major on a line ^-ith the 
 jfear company ; the adjutant on a line with the second com- 
 pany'; the sergeant-major on a Hne with the company next 
 preceding the rear — each six paces from the Hank (left) 
 opposite to the reviewing officer ; the staff officere in one 
 Tank, according to order of precedency, from the right, four 
 paces in rear of the column j the music, preceded hy the 
 principal musician, six paces before the colonel ; the pio- 
 neers preceded by a corporal, four paces before the principal 
 musician ; and the quartermaster-sergeant two paces from 
 the side opposite to the guides, and in line with the pioneers. 
 The guides and soldiers will keep their heads steady to the 
 front in passing in review- 
 
 The music will begin to play at the command to 
 march, and after passing the reviewing officer, wheel to 
 the left out of the coltnim, and take a position opposite 
 a id facing him, and will continue to play until the rear 
 of the cohnnn shall have passed him, when it will cease^ 
 and follo^v in the rearofthc battalion. '^^ The officers will 
 s.ilute the reviewing officer when they arrive within six 
 paces of him, and recover their swords when six pacea 
 past him. All officers, in saluting, will cast their eyes 
 towards the reviewing officer. The colonel, wlien he lias 
 saluted at the head of the battalion, will place himself 
 near the reviewing officer, and will remain there until 
 the rear has passed, when he will rejoin ^tlie battalion. 
 The colors will salute the reviewing officer, if entitled to 
 it, when within six paces oi' him, and be raised when 
 they have passed by him an equal distance. The color- 
 bearer will remain in ranks while passing and saluting. 
 The reviewing officer or personage will acknowledge 
 the salute by raising or taking olF his cap, or hat, when 
 the commander of the troops salutes him ; and also when 
 the colors pass. The rest of the time, occupied by the 
 passage of the troops, he will be covered. 
 
 *That ip, unless the battalion is to pass inqukktime also, in 
 Jflljcll cuse it will keep its position. 
 
KEVIEW. 85 
 
 When the column has passed tlie reviewing officer, 
 the colonel will direct it to the ground it marched from, 
 and command Guide left, in time for the guides to cover. 
 The column having arrived on its ground, the colonel 
 ■will coramaiul : 1. Column. 2. Halt; form it in order 
 of battle, and cause the ranks lo be opened as above 
 directed. The review will terminte by the whole salut- 
 ing as at the beginning.! 
 
 The Colonel will afterward cause the troops to per- 
 form such exercises and manoeuvres as the reviewing 
 officer ma}^ direct. 
 
 A number of companies less than a battalion will be 
 reviewed as a battalion, and a single company as if it 
 were with the battalion. *iln the latter case, the com- 
 pany may pass iu column of platoons. 
 
 t If. however, iustructioos have been given to march the 
 troojis past in quick time also, the Colonel will, instead of chang- 
 ing the guide, halting the column, and whecli"ng it into line, 
 as above directed, give the command : 1. Quick time. 2. 
 March. In passing the reviewing officer again, no snlute will 
 be offered by either officers or men. as the column ap- 
 proaches, the music, having commenced playing at the com- 
 mand march, will place itself iu front of and march off with 
 the column, and continue to play until the battalion is halted on 
 its original ground. The review will terminate in the same 
 manner as above directed. 
 
86 GUARD-MOUNTING, 
 
 III. GUARD-3IOUXTING. 
 
 At the first call for giiard-moiiting, tlie men warned for 
 duty tnrn out on their company parades for inspection by 
 the first sergeants. Each dotachnient, as it arrives, will, 
 imi'er the dire.-tion of the adjutant, take post on the left of 
 the one th it preceded it, in open order, arms shouldered, and 
 bayonets fixed ; the supernumeraries five paces in the rear 
 of the men of their respective companies ; the first serg(>ants 
 in rear of them. The sergeant-majur will dress the ranks, 
 count the files, verify the details, and when the guard is 
 formed report to the adjutant, and take post two j^aces on 
 the left of the front rank. 
 
 Tlie adjutant then C(.mmands : Fionf, -when thc( flicer tif 
 the guard takes i)ost twelve paces in front of the centre, the 
 sergeants in one rank, fvnir pa,ces in rear of the officers ; and 
 the corporals in one rank, four paces in rear of the sergeants 
 — all facing to the front. The adjutant then assigns their 
 places in the guard. 
 
 The adjutant will then command : 
 1. Officer and uon-commissioned Officers. 2. \BOUT. 
 FACE. 3. Inspect your guards-MARCH. 
 
 The non-commissioned officers then take their posts. 
 The commander of the guards then commands : 
 
 1. Order-ARMS. 2. Inspection-A MS, 
 and inspects his guard. When tliere is no commissioned 
 officer on the guard, the adjutant will inspect it. During 
 inspection the band will play. 
 
 The inspection ended, the officer of the guard takes post 
 as thcnigh the guard were a company of a battalion in open 
 order, under review ; at the same time also, the officers of 
 the day will take postinfront of the centre of guard; the old 
 oliicer of the day three paces on the right of the new officer 
 of the day, one pace retired. The adjutant w-ill then com- 
 mind : 
 
 1. Parade-REST. 2. Troop-BEAT OFF 
 Whoa the music, bcginniDg on tho right, will beat down 
 
GUARD-MOUNTING. 87 
 
 the line in front of the officer of tlie guard to the left, and 
 back to its place on the right, when it will cease to play. 
 The adjutant will then coumiand : 
 
 1. Attention. 2. Shoulder- A Ri^IS. 3. Close order- 
 MARCH. 
 
 At the word "close order/' the officer Avill face abont ; at 
 ''march,'" re>nme his post in line. The adjutant then com- 
 mands : Pres''iit-ARM:i ; at which he will face to the new 
 officer of the day, salute and report, "Sir, the guard U 
 formally The new officer of the day, after acknowledging 
 tlic salute, will dire .t the adjutant to march the guard in 
 review, or by flank to its post. V>\\t if the adjutant be sen- 
 ior to the officer of tlie day. lie will report without saluting 
 with the sword then, or when marching in review. 
 
 In review, the guard mai-ch past the officer of the day, 
 according to the order of review, conducted by the adjutant, 
 marching on the left of the fir^t division ; the sergeant- 
 major oh the left of the last division. When the column 
 has passed the officer of the day, the officer of the guard 
 marches it to its post, the adjutant and sergeant-major re- 
 tiring. The music, Avhich has wheeled out of the column 
 and taken post opposite the offijer of the day, will cease, 
 and the old officer of the day salute, and give the old or 
 standing orders to the new officer of the day. The super- 
 numeraries, at the same time, will be marched to their res- 
 pective company parades and dismissed. 
 
 On the approach of the new guard, the officer of the 
 old gnard, having hi^ guard paraded, will command: 
 Present-XRy\s. The new gunni will march, in quick 
 time, past the old guard, at ahoulhrarms, officers salut- 
 ing, and take post four paces on its right, when, being 
 aligned with it, its commander will order: Presenf-K-RM?^. 
 The two officers will then approach each other and 
 ealutf*. They will then return to tlieir respective guards, 
 and comMiaiid; 1. S/iou Idcr- Anyis, 2. On/n^-Anyi^. 
 
 The officer of the new guard will now direct the detail 
 for tile advance guard to be formed and marched to its 
 
88 GUARD-MOUNTING. 
 
 post, tlie list of tlie guard made and divided into tliree 
 reliefs, and perform all the oilier duties incident to his 
 post and necessary at this time to be done. 
 
 The first relief having been designated and ordered 
 two paces to the front, the corporal of the new guard 
 will take charge of it, and go to relieve the sentinels, 
 accompanied by the corporal of the old guard, Avho will 
 take command of the old sentinels, when the whole are 
 relieved. The relief, with arms at a support, in two 
 ranks, will march by a Hank, conducted by the corporal 
 on the side of the leading front rank man; and then men 
 will be numbered alternately in the front and rear rank, 
 the man on the right of the front rank being Ko. 1. 
 iShould an officer approach, the corporal will command: 
 Carry arms, and resume the support arms when the 
 officer is passed. 
 
 When the sentinel sees the relief approacliing, he will 
 halt and face to it, with his arms at a shoulder. At six 
 paces the corporal will command: 1. Relief. 2, Halt: 
 when the relief will halt and carry arms. The corporal 
 will then add, "No. 1," or "No. 2,'' or "No. 3," accor- 
 dmg to the number of the post, ^rws-PoRT. The two 
 sentinels will, with arms at port then approach each 
 other, when the old sentinel, under the correction of 
 the corporal, will whisper the instructions to the new 
 sentinel. This done, the two sentinels wil 1 shoulder arms, 
 and the old sentinel will pass in quick time, to his place 
 in rear of the relief. The corporal will then command: 
 1. Siipjyort-Awsis. 2. Foncard. 3. March. Andthe re- 
 lief proceeds in the same manner until the whole are 
 relieved. 
 
 The detachments and sentin^s from the old guard 
 having come in, it will be marched, at filinulder arms, 
 along'the front of the new cuard, in quick time the new 
 guard standing at preseted arms ; officers saluting and the 
 inusic of both iruards beating, except at the outposts. 
 
<JUARD-MOUNTIXG. 89 
 
 On arriving at the refrimental or fjiarrison paracle, the, 
 commander of the old guard will send the detachments 
 -composing it to their s'e.«iK3ctiv<g; regiments or compa- 
 nies. 
 
 When the old guard has marchc4 off fifty paee«, thft 
 <3fficeY ot'thfe new guard will order liis men to sjta/;k their 
 fi.rins, or piaee ihcm in. the anu-racVs, 
 
^ GUARDS AND SENTINELS* 
 
 GUARDS AND SEXTINEI^S. 
 
 Camp and garrison Guards will be relieved every tAven- 
 1ky-four hours. Sentinels will be relieved every two liours. 
 The officers are to i-emain constantly at their fjuards, ex- 
 cept while visiting the sentinels or necessarily engaged 
 elswhere on their proper duty. Neither othcers nor sol- 
 diers are to take off their clothing c^-r aeeov.treraeuts whilst 
 they are on guard. When a lire breaks out, or any alarm 
 is raised in a garrison, all guards are to be immediately 
 under arms. Sentinels will not take orders ov allow them- 
 selves to be relieved, except by an officer or non-commiss- 
 ioned officer of their guard or party, the officer of the day, 
 or the eommandiisg oificeF. Sentinels will report every 
 breach of orders or regulations they ai?e entrusted io enforce. 
 They must keep theraselves c-n the alert, observiug every 
 thing that takes place within sight and hearing of theiic- 
 post. Tbey will carry their arms habitually at support or 
 on either shoulder, but will never quit them. In wet 
 ■weather they will secure arms. No sentinel will quit his 
 post or hold convei'satix>n not necessary to the pyoper dis- 
 charge of his duty. 
 
 Sentinels will be respected by all persons of whatever 
 rank. They will present arm,s to general {«nd field officers^ 
 to the officer of the day, and to the commanding officer of 
 the post. To all other officers the will carry arms. The 
 sentinel at any post of the guapd, Avhen he sees any bodjr 
 of troops, or an offieer entitled to compliment, approach^ 
 mustcall '^Turnout the guard;'" and announce who ap^ 
 proaches. Guards do not turn out as a matter of com- 
 pliment after sunset ; but sentinels will, when officers ia 
 ■dniform approach, pay them proper attention, by facing to 
 the proper front and standing steady at shoulder arms. 
 This will be observed until the evening is so far advanced 
 lihat the sentinels begin challengiiig. 
 
GUARDS AND SENTINELS. 91 
 
 Challenging. 
 
 After retreat (or the hour appointed by the command- 
 ing officer) until broad daylight, a, sentinel challenges 
 every person who approaches him, taking at the same 
 time the position oi' (irm.'i port. He will snfTer no person 
 to come nearer than wihin the reach of his bavonet, until 
 the person h;>s given the coynteisi(ju, A sentinel in chal- 
 lenging will call out: ''Who comea there.?'''- If answered 
 — '■'Friend, with the conntcrsirin,'" and he be instructed to 
 pass persons with the countersign, he will reply — Advttvce, 
 friend, icith the roiinteisi'jhy If answered — •'/•V/>'?f?'s," 
 he will rpplv — ^'Ilalt, j']-/ernh-. Aihance oric icith the 
 coiDitersitjn."' If answered — "■L\h'ef,^^ '^'Patrol^''^ or 
 ^'G'Cind romuh^^'he will roph^ — "Ilatt; ndmnce se>frennt 
 (or corporal) with the coxnteraign ;" and satisfy himself 
 that the pprty is what it represents itself to be. If he have 
 no authority to pass persons with the countersign, if the 
 wrong countersign he, given, or if the persons have not the 
 countersign, he will cause them to stand, and call — "(7or- 
 'poral of the guard.^^ 
 
 Grand ro»ails. 
 
 The officer washing to make the ix>und3, will take an 
 escort of a non-conHuissionedoflllcerand two men. When 
 the rounds are challenged by a sentinel, the sergeant will 
 answer — ''Graid rounds ;''' and the sentinel will reply — 
 ' Hnl\ fj rand rounds. Advance, sergeant with the eoun- 
 iersign.'"' Upon which the sergeant advances and gives 
 the countersign. The sentinel will the cry — 'Advince 
 rounds ;'^ and stand at a shoulder ti'fl ther have passed. 
 
 Wlien tlie ser.-tinel betore the guard challenges, anc? 
 is answered — "Grand rounds,'' he will reply — "f/'tit, 
 grand rovnds. Turn out ifie qiiard ; grand, rounds.'''' Up- 
 on which tlie guard will he drawn np at shouldered arnis» 
 The officer commanding the guard will then order aser- 
 geant and two men to advance ; r^lien within ten pace?^ 
 the sergeant challenges. The sergeant of the gram^ 
 rounds aiswers — '"G rami rounds''' The sergeant of the- 
 guard replies — ''Advance, sergeant, with tU cou7it(VsignJ* 
 
92 GUARDS AND SENTINELS. 
 
 The sero;eant of the rounds advances alone, gives the 
 countersign, and returns to liis round. The sergeant of 
 the guard calls to his officer — ''The countersign isright;^'' 
 on which the officer of the guard calls — "Advance, 
 round'^.'^ The officer of the rounds then advances alone, 
 the guard standing at shouldered arms. The officer of 
 the rounds passes along the front of the guard to the 
 officer, who keeps his post on the right, and gives hlni 
 the 2)arole. IIg then examines the guard, orders back 
 iiis escort, and taking a new one, proceeds in tiie same 
 ))i.anner to other guards. 
 
ESCORTS. 93 
 
 ESCORTS OF HONOR. 
 
 The escort will be drawn up in line, the centre oppo- 
 site to the place where the person to be escorted presents 
 himself, with an interval between the wings to recive him 
 and his retinue. On his appearance he will be received 
 with the honors due to liis rank. When he has taken his 
 place in the line, the whole will be wheeled into platoons 
 or companies, as the case may be, and take np the march. 
 The same ceremony will be observed, and the same hon- 
 ors paid, on his leaving the escort. 
 
 When the position of the escort is at a considerable dis- 
 tance from the point where he is expected to be received, 
 a doulile line of sentinels will be posted from that point to 
 the escort, facing inward, and the sentinels will suc- 
 cessively salute as he passes. An officer will be appoint- 
 ed to attend him, to bear such communications as he may 
 have to make to the commander of the escort. 
 
 COLOR J^SCORT. 
 
 When a battalion turns out under arms, and the color 
 is wanted, a company, other than that of the color, will be 
 put in march to receive and escort the color, in the fol- 
 lowing order, in quick time and without music : — the 
 drum-major and field music followed by the band ; the es- 
 cort in column by platoon, right in front, with arms shifted 
 to the right shoulder, and the color-bearer between the 
 platoons. 
 
 Arrived in front of the tent or quarters of the colonel, 
 the escort will form into line, the field music and band on 
 the right, and arms will be carried. The color-bearer, 
 proceeded by the tirst lieutenant, and followed by a ser- 
 geant of the escort, will then go to receive the color. 
 
 When the col or-beaarer shall come out, followed by the 
 lieutenant and sergeant, he will halt before the entrance ; 
 the captain will cause tlie escort to present arms, and the 
 drums wall Iieat to the color for half a minute, wdieu arms 
 will be shouldered, and the escort will be broken into column 
 by platoon. The color-bearer will place himself between 
 the platoons. The lieutenant and sergeant will resume 
 their posts, and the escort will march back to the battalion 
 
94 COLOR ESCORT. 
 
 to the sound of music, in quick time and in the same order 
 'as above. 
 
 Arrived at the distance of twenty paces from the battal- 
 ion the escort will bo lialted, and the njusic will cease ; 
 the colonel \\'ill place hinise'faix paces bclbre the centre of 
 the battalion, tlie color-bearer will approacli the colonel, by 
 tlie front, in quick time ; when at the distance of ten paces, 
 lie will halt ; the colonel will cause arms to be presented, and 
 to ^Ae ro/o?' to be played, which beinii executed, the color- 
 bearer will take his place in the front rank of the cohjr-guard, 
 and the battalion, by command, will shoulder arms. The 
 escort, field music and band will return in quick time to their 
 several places in the line of batte, marching by the rear of 
 the battaliijn. 
 
 The color will be escorted back io the colonel's tent or 
 quarters with like ceremony and in the same order. 
 
FUNERAL HONORS. 95 
 
 FU\ERAL HONOHS. 
 
 The funeral escort Avill be formed in t"U'o ranl\s, opp'^sito 
 to the quarters or tent of the deceased, with shouldered arms 
 and bayonets unfixed ; the artillery and cavalry on ;he right 
 of the infantry.'"' On the appearance of the corpse, the oifi- 
 cer commanding -the escort will command 
 
 Present- A RMS. 
 
 When the the honors due to the decease will be paid by 
 tiie drums and trumpets. The music will then play an ap- 
 projoriate air, and the cofiin will be taken to ihe right, when 
 it will be halted. The commander will then ortlcr : 
 
 1. Shoulder- AI»JIS. 2. By company (or platoon) lef, 
 wheel. 3. MARCH. 4. Keverse-A MS. 5 Col- 
 umn, forward. 6. Guide right. 7. 3IA! CH. 
 
 The column will be marched in slow time to solemn music, 
 and on reaching the grave, Avill take a direction so as that the 
 guides shall be next to the grave. When the centre of the 
 column is opposite the grave, the commander will order : 
 
 1. Column. 2. HAI^T. 3. Right, into line wheel, 
 4. MARCH. 
 
 The coffin is then brought along the front, to the op- 
 posite side of the grave, and the commander then orders: 
 
 1. Shoulder- ARMS. 2. Present-ATMS. 
 
 And when the coffin reaches the grave, he add.v. 
 
 * Tbe usual badge of military mourning is a piece of black 
 cra)e around the left arms, above the elbow, and also upon 
 the rfword hilt, and will be worn when in full or undress. The 
 dru as of a funeral escort will be covered witU black crape, or 
 thia black ssr^e. 
 
90 * FUNEKAL HONORS. 
 
 3. Shoulder- ARMS. 4. Rest oii-ARMS. 
 
 After the funeral services is perfoj-med, and the coffin 
 is lowered into the grave, the commander will order, 
 
 1. Attention. 2. Shouldcr-ARMS. 3. toad at Avill. 
 4. I.OAI). 
 
 And cause three rounds of small arms to be fired by 
 the escort. He will then command: 
 
 1. By company (or platoon) right-wlieel. 2. MARCH 
 3. Column forward. 4. Guide-left. 5. Q,uick- 
 MARCH. 
 
 The music will not begin to play until the essort is 
 clear of the enclosure. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Ikstruction Q 
 
 COJIMANDS 
 
 THE SQ,UAD. 
 
 7 
 
 Position- of thb Soldier ' 
 
 Facings a 
 
 The direct step ° 
 
 Common time .• ^ 
 
 Quick time ^ 
 
 Double quick time^ '^^ 
 
 Alignment. . -. J^ 
 
 To march to the front J* 
 
 To march obliquely 1^ 
 
 To march backwards 13 
 
 To mark time 1| 
 
 To change step ; l*' 
 
 To march to the right about 13 
 
 To side step 1^ 
 
 To march by the flank 1^ 
 
 To change direction by file 1 ^ 
 
 Wheelings 1" 
 
 Turning .' 18 
 
 Manual OF Arms 19 
 
 Hest ; in place, rest ; 24 
 
 Parade rest 24 
 
 To stack arms ^6 
 
 Inspection of arms 29 
 
 Loading and tiring 30 
 
 The dir ect fire 35 
 
 The oblique fire 35 
 
 Totirebyfile 36 
 
 To fire by rank 36 
 
 THE COMPANY. 
 
 Formation of the Company 38 
 
 Post of officers in line 39 
 
 To open ranks 40 
 
 Manual of arms in open ranks • • • 40 
 
 To close ranks 41 
 
 Posts of oflicers in the iSringa 41 
 
EI . TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 To fire by the rear rank 41 
 
 'Jo advance in line of battle 4*8 
 
 To march in retreat 43 
 
 To niaich by the fiiink 44 
 
 To ch inge "diiTCtion bv file 46 
 
 On tlie right by file into line 46 
 
 On the Icfl by file into line 47 
 
 In two ranks, undonble liles 47 
 
 In four ranks, double tiles 48 
 
 ]'osts of officers in column 43 
 
 By company into line 49 
 
 liy platoon into line 49 
 
 Marching in column by platoon, to march by the flank in 
 
 the same direction 53 
 
 To break into column by platoon 5) 
 
 To march into column.' 51 
 
 T> change direction of the column 52 
 
 To halt the coin. nn, and to form uito line either at a halt 
 
 or on tlie march S5 
 
 T ) break the company into platoons 53 I 
 
 To re-form the Company 56 ] 
 
 Tv) break H es to the rear 57 ] 
 
 To cau-e tiles broke'i oft' to return into line 58 
 
 The column in route 58 
 
 Count(.-rmarch 60 
 
 The column being in march, to form on the right or left 
 
 into line of b.iitle 61 
 
 Formation of a company from two ranks into foti , and «^ 
 
 reciprocally at a halt, and in march 62 f 
 
 M.vNUAL OF Arms for Riflemen C5 
 
 Form of Inspection 76 
 
 Dress Parm^e 79 
 
 Rkvi K\V 8'^ 
 
 Guard Mounti.vg "6 
 
 Guards and iSKNTiXELs SO 
 
 Escorts of Honor 98 
 
 Color Escort i^3 
 
 Flneual UonuBS »» 
 

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