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IND1X= 
 
 of tjjc War 
 Current Events.. 
 
 II-ist.n-ii\'il lle^n.ster of ihv' Imi -1 \ crtr 
 
 f) to 15 
 
 15 
 
 Notes of th^ War In 
 
 The Langh^-Stoek, etc 1 G 
 
 What the »th Has Lost 10 
 
 The Effeet Sthe Di.ssohilinn on the 
 
 XorthT. 17 
 
 Aii[.eal to Kaise P.reaiistnllV. IT 
 
 Plant (.'orn IS 
 
 Xo Dependence I'pon Indi.i 19 
 
 How theContrabftiuls Treat the Doo- 
 dles 20 
 
 Illinois and the Neero 20 
 
 iMeC!lellan,s Strate.jric Move 20 
 
 (j£;neralsof the Confederate Army.. 21 
 
 Fii?it Prayer in Conaress 22 
 
 The Fir.Ht Seeessioiii.'^t • 22 
 
 Historical Parallels -.'. 
 
 A Dying X.ation - 1 
 
 Sore Tliroat 24 
 
 P.attle^ of Manas.>:i.- an.! l:ir!iii...iid . . -'.^ 
 
 Our Prison er.s of \\' 111 20 
 
 Stonewall ,Taek*on . . 27 
 
 y.aukee.s Still Steal n: ...27 
 
 Yankees Sellinc; X<: ! ...27 
 
 Yankees Cruelty . . . . .2S 
 
 MeClellan's Army.. . ,. ..2S 
 
 Yiinkee Outrages' in N ■ .i i. i !. 2.>^ 
 
 Ki^'ht Sons in the Amu 2:^ 
 
 Gen. P>uekner to be Trir.l 29 
 
 Xortliern Dissatisfaetion 00 
 
 Extract Letter by Fed. Surgeon 30 
 
 London Tele£;raph on P.ntlcr -W 
 
 Eajrle Hides his Hea.l "0 
 
 Extract from the Tenth Chapter of 
 .loshna— with anew 1r.anslation.:!l 
 
 Scenes of a Yankee Marcli :*.2 
 
 Sharp SabrewS for Cavalry ■>■'> 
 
 The Mechanic ' "5 
 
 Battle Crv of the ;^(>uth oC> 
 
 XeverSayDie 07 
 
 Oar Jtovolntion -!s 
 
 How to .\fake P.iittcr 00 
 
 Preventative for Pneniiidnia 09 
 
 T&,;Pre.servc Butter 40 
 
 Home made Soap and Stari-li 40 
 
 starch of Home Made Munufacliu«-. .41 
 
 Meat Preserved in Molasses 41 
 
 To Destroy Cutting,' Ants in Garden.s 41 
 
 Economy In Bread 4''' 
 
 Dryincf Sweet Corn -i 
 
 SnbstihU4> for Colfee ^ 
 
 Snbst i t ute for Fore! isn Tea -i - 
 
 To Make Excellent Ye.ast. , i ' 
 
 Parched C;orn ^ ^ 
 
 Another Substitute for ( 'olfee 43 
 
 Pickled Cucumbers 43 
 
 Green Tomato Pickle 4 1 
 
 To M.ake Hard Candles 40 
 
 Tomato Catsup 4tl 
 
 Worth Knowiiif 44 
 
 :*' 
 
 U.4L« 
 
 ..4t; 
 
 Portable Food f\:)r Scouts.. 
 
 IJlackberry Syrup 
 
 lllackberry VVine 
 
 Soothinj; brink foi' < \.ii: 1 
 
 Cheap ISarometci'. 
 
 Iiiip.irtant to Card.!., i 
 
 Paint for Out Door W ^t k 
 
 W.ater Proof Clolh 
 
 <'nro for Cou^h 
 
 Rattlesn.ake P.ite Cured, 
 
 <'ure f(vr Hvdroplioliia. 
 
 To Deslroy'Grass in Wall 
 j Method Washin.s: Cotton ;ii 
 
 Antidote auainsl P(ti«on 
 I Lockiaw 
 
 To. Make Oil Cloth 
 
 Harness and Slioemakers'.fi 
 
 To Increase the Growth of II 
 
 Cure for a Cold 4. 
 
 Erysipelas 4 7 
 
 1 ('lire for a Sprain I i 
 
 To Make Boots and Slio.vs Waterprnor4'. 
 
 lieci]>e for Kheumatism 17 
 
 To Prevent Lamp Sni.tking !.^ 
 
 ( 'ure forAstlima 4^ 
 
 To Make ViTiegar 4S 
 
 To Cure Toothache 4^. 
 
 < 'ui'e for Cancer 4S 
 
 Antidote for Chills and Fever 4,^ 
 
 . Infallible Cure for Toothache 4S 
 
 Lockjaw from tho Erni.«e of a Nail. .45 
 
 To (;are Ear Aclie . . ; 4 r 
 

 ^4^^ 
 
 
 The most important and first great necessity is the de- 
 velopment of our national resources. This has been fre- 
 quently urged upon us by the press and men in private life; 
 To demonstrate our ability as a self-sustaining people, let us 
 commence our work of reformation and experimenting in 
 the dairy, and extend it to the garden and the field. With 
 a little attention in this direction, we shall not be at a loss 
 for the want of Yankee butter. But with a united effort 
 and determination on the part of the people of the South, 
 we shall soon be enabled to supply the markets of the whole 
 Confederacy with an article of good butter, at rates equally 
 as cheap as has usually been paid for an inferior article im- 
 ported from the land of wooden nutmegs and bass-wood 
 haras. Our climate is sufficiently favorable, and our soil 
 abundantly productive to make our own butter, preserves, 
 pickles, &c.. We possess all the necessary elements and 
 means, if we will develope and use them, to become en- 
 tirely independent of Northern fanaticism. Let us indus- 
 triously apply ourselves to create abundant individual sul)- 
 1^ sistence, and we shall, ere long, be surprised at the result. 
 We shall behold (" as by magic,") a spontaneous develop- 
 ment of our national sustenance, ■which is the principal foun- 
 dation of national strength. Besides possessing all. the ne- 
 cessary elements bf national independence, we are the 
 principal producers of the great staple, Cotton, the king 
 of commerce which commands the consideration and friendly 
 inclination of all nations towards us. 
 
 Let us acknowledge our indebtedness to Him who gavp 
 Such important advantages to us and our slave ; 
 In a climate so congenial, with masters humane, 
 Africans are civilized and proper culture obtain ; 
 Though incapble of obtaining political stations. 
 They enjoy religious existence, and benefit all nations. 
 By working our fields, producing a substance or thing 
 Which, is agreed by consent of commerce, is king. 
 
 vN 
 
 
 
 
 
BOARD OF EXEMPTIONS, 
 
 Barnwell District ) 
 March, 1862. ( 
 
 H. W. R. Jackson, of Aiken Beat Company, llth Regi- 
 ment South Carolina Militia, in consequence of deformity 
 of left leg, on account of fracture, is declared incapable of 
 military duty, and is hereby exempted from conscription. 
 T. J. COUNTS, Chairman. 
 
 J. J. O'Bannon, ^ec'y 
 
 Since the commencement of our revolution, I have given 
 my entire attention to the publication of several worlds, one 
 of which is now before the reader ; though being least in size, 
 may not be least in importance as to general information, 
 being designed for annual publication. It will, in time, be- 
 come a large and interesting work. It will grow, I hope, 
 in importance to the people of the Confederacy, with the 
 development of onr national resources and independence, as 
 one of the principal objects it has in view is to aid in the ac- 
 complishment of a complete separation from Yankee influence, 
 commercial, political, religious, and social. 
 
 H. W. R. J. 
 
HISTOniOAL RSC-ISTSn 
 
 OF THE 
 
 First l^oar of the TV^ar 
 
 The mihtarj operations of the war, during the first year of its exist- 
 ence, from the commission of the overt act by Major Anderson. 
 December 20.. South Carolina seceded. 
 
 December 26.. Sudden evacuation of Fort Moultrie by Major Ander- 
 son, United States Army. He spikes the guns, burns the gun carnages, 
 and retreats to Fort Sumter, which he occupies, 
 
 December 27.. Capture of Fort Moultrie and Castle Pinckney by the 
 South Carolina troops. Captain Coste surrenders the revenue cutter 
 Aiken. 
 
 1861. 
 January 0. .Capture of Fort Pulaski by the Savannah troops. 
 January 3. .The Arsenal of Mount Vernon, Alabama, with 20,0uu 
 stand of arms, seized by the Alabama troops. 
 January 4. .Fort Morgan, in Mobile bay, taken by the Alabama'troopn. 
 January y.. The Steamship Star of the West tired into and "driven 
 off by the South Carolina batteries on Morris' Island. Failure of the 
 attempt to reinforce Fort Sumter. 
 Jaauary 10.. Mississippi seceded. 
 
 January 10. .Fort Jackson, St. Phillips and Pike, near New Orleans, 
 captured by the Louisiana troops. 
 January 11 . .Alabama Seceded. 
 January 11. .Florida seceded. 
 
 January 1-3. . Capture of the Pensacola Navy Yard, and Forts Barancas 
 and McRea, by the troops from Florida, Alabama, and Louisiana. Ma- 
 jor Chase shortly after takes command, and the siege cf Fort Pickens 
 commences. 
 
 January 15. .Surrender of the Baton Rouge Arsenal to the Louisiana 
 troops. 
 Januay 19.. Georgia seceded. 
 
 January 24. .Augusta Arsenal taken by the troops of Augusta. 
 J anuary 2'j . . Louisi ana seceded. 
 
 January 01. .The New Orleans Mint and Custom House taken by the 
 Npw Orleans Cadets and Continental Guards. 
 February 1.. Texas seceded. 
 
 February 2.. Seizure of the Little Rock Arsenal by the Arkansas 
 troops. 
 
 February 4. .Surrender of the Revenue Cutter Cass to the authorities 
 of Alabama. 
 
 February 10. .Provisional Government of the Confederate States es- 
 tablished. 
 
 February IC. .General Twiggs transfers the public property in Texas 
 tn the State authorities. Col. Waite, U. S. A., surrenders San Antonio 
 fo Col. Ben. McCullnch and his Texas Rangers. 
 
 3' 3 3 & 8- 
 
6 
 
 February 18 . . Inauguration of President Davis at Montgomerj, Ala* 
 bama. 
 
 March 2.. The Revenue Cuttter Dodge seized by the Texas authori* 
 ties. 
 
 March 3 .. General Beauregard assumes command of the troops be" 
 sieg:ing Fort Sumter. 
 
 March 12. .Fort Brown, in Texas, surrendered by Captain Hill to the 
 Texas Commissioners. 
 
 April 12— 13.. Battle of Fort Sumter. Brilliant victory gained by 
 General Beauregard and the South Carolina troops. After thirty-four 
 hours bombardment, the Fort surrenders to the Confederate States. 
 
 April 14. .Evacuation of Fort Sumter by Major Anderson andhia com- 
 mand. 
 
 April 14. .Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, issues a 
 proclamation, calling for 75,000 volunteers to put down the " Southern 
 rebellion." 
 
 April 15.. Colonel Reeve, U. S. A., surrenders Fort Bliss, near El 
 Paso, to Col. J. W. McGriffin, the Texas Commissioner. 
 
 April 16.. Seizure of the North Carolina Forts and the Fayetteville 
 Arsenal by the State troops. 
 
 April 17. .Virginia seceded. 
 
 April 18. . Capture of the steamship Star of the West by Colonel Van 
 Dorn, C. S. A. " 
 
 April 19. .The Baltimore massacre. Tbe citizens of Baltimore attack 
 with missiles the Northern mercenaries passing through their city, en 
 route for the South. The Massachusetts regiment fires on the people, 
 and many are killed. Two mercenaries are also shot. Great excitement 
 follows, and the Maryland people proceed to burn the railroad bridges 
 and tear up the tracks. 
 
 April 20. .Capture of tbe Federal army atlndianola, Texas, by Colo- 
 nel Van Doru, C. S, A. The Federal officers released on parole. 
 
 April 20. .Attempted destruction of Norfolk Navy Yard by the Feder- 
 al authorities. The works set on fire, and several war ships scuttled 
 and sunk. The Federal troops retreat to Fortress Monroe." The navy 
 yard subsequently occupied by the Virginians. 
 
 April 20. . Harper's Ferry evacuated by the Federal troops under Lieu^ 
 tenant Jones, who attempts the destruction of the Armory by fire. The 
 place occupied by Virginia troops. 
 
 April 28. .Fort Smith, Arkansas, captured by the Arkansas troops, 
 under Colonel Solon Borland. 
 
 May 3. .Tennessee seceded. 
 
 May C. Arkansas seceded. 
 
 May 9. .The blockade of Vireinia commenced. 
 
 May 10. .Baltimore occupied by a large body of Federal troops under 
 General B. F. Butler. 
 
 May 10- A body of 5,000 Federal volunteers, under Captain Lyon, 
 United States Army, surround the encampment of 800 Missouri State 
 troops, near St. Louis, and oblige them to surrender. 
 
 May 10— The St. Louis massacre. The German volunteers under 
 Colonel Francis Blair, jr., wantonly fire upon the people in the streets 
 of St. Louis, killing and wounding a large number. 
 
 May 10— Blockade of Savannah commenced. 
 
 May 11. .The St. Louis massacre. Repetition of the terrible t'cene of 
 May 10. The defenceless people again shot down. Thirty-three citizens 
 butchered in c^ld blood. 
 
 May 11.. The blockade of Charleston harbor commenced by the U. 
 States steamer Niagara. 
 
 May 19, 20, 2].. .Attack ou the Virginia batteries at Sewell's Point 
 
(near Norfolk) by the United States Steamer Monticello, aided by the 
 steamer Minnesota. The assailants driven off with loss. No one hurt 
 on the Virginia side. 
 
 May 20 .North Carolina seceded. 
 
 May 24. .Alexandria, Virginia, occupied by 5.000 Federal troop?, the 
 Virginians having retreated. Killing of Colonel Ellsworth by the he- 
 roic Jackson. ' . ,. -c j 
 
 May 25. .Hampton, Virginia, near Fortress Monroe, taken by the Fed- 
 eral troops. Newport News occupied. 
 
 May 27.. New Orleans and Mobile blockaded. 
 
 May 29. .President Devi* arrives in Richmond. 
 
 May31..Fi^ht at Fairfax Court House between a company of U. S. 
 cavalry and a Virginia company; the gallant Captain Marr killed; sever- 
 al Federal ti oops "killed, wounded, and taken prisoners. 
 
 June 1, 2, 3. . Engagement at Acquia Creek between the Virginia bat- 
 teries and the Uoited Srates steamers Wabash. Anacosta, and Thomas 
 Freeborn. The enemy withdrew, greatlv damaged. 
 
 June 3.. Battle of P'hiilippi, in Western Virginia. Colonel Kelley, 
 commanding a body of Federal troops and Virginia tories. attacks an in- 
 ferior force of Southerners, at Pbillippi, under Colonel Pottei field, and 
 routs them Colonel Kelley severely wounded, and several on both 
 sides reported killed. 
 
 June 5. .Fight at the Pig's Point Battery, between the Confederate 
 troops and the United Stages steamer Harriet Lane, resulting in the dis" 
 comfiture of the enemv. The Hirriet Lane badly hu''ed. 
 
 June 10. .Battle of Great Bethel, near Yorktown, Va. Th's splendid 
 victory was gained by eleven hundred North Carolinians and Virginians, 
 commanded by Colonel J. Bankhead Migruder, over four thousand five 
 hundred Federal troops undtr, Brigadier General Pierce. The Federal 
 forces attacked the Southern entrenchments, and after a fight ot four 
 hours, were driven back and pursued 'o Hampton. S 'uth^rn Iosp, 
 one man killed and seven wounded. Federal loss believed ti be 
 several hundred. They confess lo thirty killed and one hundred 
 wounded. 
 
 June r2~Governor Jackson of Missouri, issues a proclamation, call- 
 ing the peoole of that State to arms. He commences to ooncntrate 
 troops at Jefferson City, burning the bridges on the routes to St. Louis 
 and the East 
 
 June 15.. Harper's Ferry evacuated by General Joseph E. Johnston 
 and the Confecerate tro-ps. 
 
 June 16 . . Skirmish at Vienna. Virginia, bf^tween Colonel Greeg's South 
 Carolina Regiment and the Fifth Ohio Regiment. The enemy rooted, 
 with a los8,of several killed. 
 
 June 1*3. .'Fight near Leesburg, Virginia, Federals driven off by Colo- 
 nel Hutton. 
 
 June 17. .Another massacre in the streetri of St. Louis. The Federal 
 troops fire a volley into the Recorder's ofhce, while in session, killing 
 many citizens. 
 
 June 17..Batt!eat Kansas City, between 13,000 Missourians, under 
 Colonel Kellev, and 13,000 Federalists. The latter defeated. 
 
 JuDe 18. .Baiile of Boonville, Mo. The Missourians, under Govern- 
 or Jackson and General Price, defeated by a superior body of the eno* 
 mv. ci'mmanded bv General i.y n. 
 
 June 19. .Serious fighr at New C'e^k, nearRomney, Virginia ; Vaugb- 
 an, with a body of Virginians and Tennesseeans, routs a booy of Fed- 
 erals, killing a number. No Confederates '•illed. 
 
 June 24.. Fight in Lancaster County, Virginia. A force of Federal 
 marauders land on the shore cf the James river and commit depreda- 
 
8 
 
 dati(Mis. They are driven off and several killed by a company of Vir- 
 ginians. 
 
 June 25.. Riots in Milwaukee, (Wisconsin,) in consequence cf the de« 
 preciation ot bank money, caused by the war. 
 
 June £6. .Brilliant affair near Romney. Captains Richard and Turner 
 Ashby, of the Fauquier company, with a handful of followers, cut to 
 piec-s fifty or s'.xty of the entmy ; the Ashby 's fighting half a dozen 
 Hess'ans each, at ihe same moment. Captain Dick Ashby moi tally 
 wounded. 
 
 June 27— Battle of Mathias Point, Potomac River, between Virginia 
 troops and h*' United States steamer Freeborn. Captain Ward, or the 
 Freeborn killed. Troops engaged on our side were from the Counties 
 of King George, Caroline, and Westmoreland, all native Virgmians. 
 S. Welford Corbin, Lieutenant C. S. Navy, of King George County, Vir- 
 ginia, was in the engagement. 
 
 June 27. .Marshal Kane, of Baltimo-^e, arrested by order of the Lincoln 
 Government, and incarcerated in Fort McHenry. 
 
 Jnne 28. Skirmisd near Alexanaria. Seigeant Hanes, of Richmond 
 killed. 
 
 JuDe.29, .Extraordinary exploit of Colonel Thomas, of Mary land; dis- 
 guise^ as a French ladv he takes passage on the steamer St. Nicholas, 
 from Baltimore lo Washington. During the voyage he threw off his 
 disguise, and in company with his accomplices seizes the steamer Com- 
 ing down the Bay he captures the three prizes, and takes the whole fleet 
 into Fredericksburg in triumph. 
 
 July 1 . . General Patterson cresses the Potomac with the Federal ars 
 my, near Willi^msport. 
 
 July 1. .Seizure of the Baltimore Police Commissioners by order of 
 General Banks. They are confined in Fort McHenry, and a"fterwarda 
 removed to Fort La Fayette, (New York.) 
 
 JuUj^, . Blockade of "Galveston. ^Texas) commenced. 
 
 July 2, 3.. Battle of HavnesviUe on the Potomac, between General 
 Patterson's army and the Southern advance under Colonel Jackson. 
 After a sharp fight, the Confederates retired. 
 
 July 4. .Skirmish near Ntw's Port News. Lieutenant Colonel Dreux, 
 of the Louisiana Cadets, killed by the enemy. 
 
 July 5.. Battle of Carthage, in Southwestern Missouri, between the 
 Miss'^urians under Governor Jackson, and the Federals under General 
 Seigel. The Federalists badly defeated. Colonel Gratz Brown, killed. 
 Seigel retreats to Sarcoxie. 
 
 July 7. .Engagement at Acquia Creek between the Confederate bat-, 
 teries and a United States steamer. 
 
 July 7..Engaeement near New Orleans. A United Slates war 
 steamer driven off by the batteries on Ship Island. 
 
 July 10.. Brush at Hatteras Inlet, North Carolina, between the Con- 
 federates and a United States steamer. 
 
 July 12.. Battle at Rich Mountain, in Western Virginia. Defeatof 
 Col. Pegram by the Federals under General McClellan. Retreat of Gen- 
 eral Garnet, 
 
 July 13. .Battle of St. George, in Western Virginia The Confeder- 
 ates routed and five hundred captured by General McClellan. General 
 Garnet ki'led. 
 
 July 17.. Battle of Scarey Creek, on the Kanawha, between 800 Con- 
 federates, under lilcutenant Colonel Pattou. and 8,000 Federals, under 
 Colonel Low. Tbe Federals defeated, and three of their Colonels taken 
 prisoners. 
 
 July 18. .Battle of Bull Run. The Federal army attack the Confeder- 
 
ates, and after several hours fighting, are driven back to Centrevilie, with 
 heavy loss. Major Harrison, Virginia Volunteers, killed. 
 
 July 21. .Battle of Manassas. Decisive defeat of the Federal army, 
 under General McDowell, by the Confederates, under Generals Johnson 
 and Beauregard. Confederate.*, 28,000 strong. The enemy 55,000 strong, 
 fly panic Strieker, to Washintiton. Heavy ,oss of nfe on both sides. Tne 
 Confederate Geu's JJee and Bartow killed. Confederate loss in killed 
 and wounded 1,600. Federal loss in killed, wounded, and missing and 
 deserted at least l.'.OOO. 
 
 July i'l. .Capture of four Prizes off Cedar Keys, Florida, by the Con- 
 federate steamer Madison. Lieutenant vSelden, United States Army, and 
 nineteen sailors taken prisoners. 
 
 July 25. .Battle Mesilla (Arizona) between ihe Federal armv, and the 
 Confederates under Col. Baylor. The Federals defeateu and fly towards 
 Fort Staunton, with a loss of thirty-two Killed. 
 
 July 28. .Surrender of 750 Federal troops to Colonel Baylor, Confed- 
 erate States Armv, at Fort Staunton, Arizona. 
 
 July -30. .Retreat of General Wise in Western Virgiuia. lie reaches 
 Gauley Bridge, near Lewisburg, in safety. 
 
 August 2. .General Magruder comnionoes his march down the YorK. 
 Peninsula. 
 
 August o. .Engagement off" Galves'on between the Confederate Battery 
 and a Federal steamer. The latter threw several shells into the city. 
 
 August 7. .Burning of Hampton, Virginia, by order of General Ma- 
 gruder. 
 
 August 0, 10. .Battle of Oak Hill, Missouri. This glorious victory 
 was gained by the Confederate troops under General Ben. McCuUougb, 
 over the Federal army under General Lyon. Each side numbered about 
 10,000 men. Lyon was killed, and the Federals routed, with great 
 slaughter. General Seigel conducts the retreat towards Rolla, 
 
 August 15. .Skirmish at Mathias Point. A boat load of Federals 
 from the United States s'eamer Resolute, landed and were fired upon by 
 the Confederate troops. Five were killed, when they retreated. 
 
 August 18. .The Confederate Privateer Jeff" Davis went .ashore on 
 St. Augustine bar and was lost. 
 
 August 20 -Fight at Hawk's Nest, Western Virginia, between Wise s 
 Legion and the Eleventh Ohio Keaiment. The enemy fled after 
 losing 50 in killed and wounded. General Wise's loss, one" man killed. 
 
 August 25— M sson's Hill, near Alexandria, occupied by the Confed-* 
 erate troops. 
 
 August 26— Generul advance movement of Beauregard's army upon 
 the Inderal lines on the Potomac. 
 
 August 27.. Fight at Bailey's Cross Roads, near Alexandria. The 
 Confederates rout a body of the enemy and take Munson'g Hill. Five 
 Federals c&ptured and one killed. 
 
 August 27. .Battle of Cross Lanes, in Western Virginia, between the 
 Confederate forces under General Floyd, and the Seventh Ohio R'^tri- 
 ment under Colonel Tyler. The enemy terribly cut to pieces, with 
 a loss of 2 hundred killed, wounded, and missing. Colonel Tyler was 
 the first to run. Our loss, 3 killed. 
 
 August 28, 29— Battle of Fort Hatteras. The ConTederate en- 
 trenchments on Hatteras Island attacked by the Federal fleet urder 
 Commodore Stringham and General Picayune Butler. After a bom- 
 bardment of twenty^four hours, the Commander of the Confederates, 
 Commodore Barron, surrendered, Tbe enemy captured 691 prisont-rs, 
 and carried.them off to New York. The Island occupied by the Fed- 
 eral troops. 
 
 September 2— General Fremont issued a proclamation in St, Lonis, 
 confiscating the slaves of rebels. 
 
10 
 
 September 2. .Skirmish at Big Creek, on the Kanawha. The enemv 
 driven back. 
 
 * September 6.. Advance of the Federals in Kentucky. Paducah oc«« 
 cupied. 
 
 September 7, .The Confederates under General Pillow, occupy' Colum- 
 bus, Kentucky. 
 
 September 'lO.. Battle of the Gauley, at Carnifax Ferry, Western 
 Virginia. Geoera Rosencranz attacked General Floyd's position with 
 16,000 men. Af er seve-al intftectual attempts to carry it, he fell back, 
 baffled and dishearttntd. At least 150 of the enemy" were killed and 
 25u wounded m these vam fft'uts. Floyd had but fiye men wounded, 
 as his iorce was well prttec e^. At night, tearing that Rosencranz 
 might cross and attack him in the rear, Fioyd retreated. 
 
 September 11— Battle of Louisviile, on the Potomac. Several regi- 
 naenis^ of Federal troops under Co'onel Isaac J. Stevens, of tbe New 
 YorkSeveniy-ninth, marched frooa Chain Bridge on a reconnoisance. 
 They were attacked by the Corfederates under Colonel J E. B. Steosrt, 
 and after a sharp fight, fled in Bull Run fashion. Federal loss 5 killed 
 and 9 wounded. Cmfederate loss none. 
 
 September 11. .Biitle of Toney's Creek, on the Kanawha. Wise's 
 cavalry, under Colonel Clarkson, defeat the enemy, whose loss is 50 
 killed and wounded; Claikson also took 50 prisoners and lost not'a 
 man. 
 
 September 13.. Colonel John A. Washington, of Virginia, killed in 
 a skirmitih in Western Virginia. 
 
 September 19,. Battle ot Harboursvilie, in Kentuckv, between 800 
 Coniederates under General Zolicoffer, and 1800 Federal's. The enemy 
 ro ited as usual, wuh a loss of 50 kiled and 2 prisoners 
 
 September 28.. Battle of Lsxing-on in Missouri. The Missouri troops, 
 under General Price, havintr b' suited the City of Lexington, at last 
 forced ibe enemy, under Colonel Mulligan, to surrender. Our loss, in 
 tbe seiies f bdttles around Lexington, was 25 killed and 72 wounded. 
 Price I o!£ 3,500 prisoners, including Col.'s Mulligan, Marshall, Reding, 
 Whitt^, Grover, and 119 other Cummissioned officers, 5 pieces of artil* 
 lery, 2 moi tars, 750 horses, $100, 00<' woitb of Commissary stores, large 
 quantities of arms and munitions, and nther property. He also recov- 
 ered the great seal of the State, aud the public records, and $900,000 
 in money. 
 
 September 23, 24, 25— Heavy skirmishing on Sewell Mountain, West- 
 ern Virginia, between Rosencranz and Wi>e Two Confederates killed. 
 
 September 25, 26.. Battle ot Alanesi, in New Mexico. Captain Cop- 
 wood, with 114 Texans, defeats a large body, of United States Regu- 
 lars, under Colonel Roberts, with great slaughter, Copwood's loss, two 
 killed, 
 
 September 29. .Colonel J. W Spalding, of Wise's Legion, killed, 
 while on a scouting expedition in VV'estern Virginia. 
 
 September 80.. Hopkinsville, in Kentucky, taken by General Buck ner, 
 Confederate States Army. 
 
 October 1. .Capture of the Federal S earner Fanny in Albemarle 
 S(mnd, by the Confederate steamer.s Curlew and Raleigh, Forty-five 
 Federals taken prisoners, and $10(),0u0 worth of stores captured. 
 
 October 2. .President Davis visits the Confederate Army at Manas-* 
 sas. Grand review of the troops 
 
 October 3 -Battle of Greenbrier River, in Western Virginia, between '■ 
 1,500 Confederates, under General Henry R Jackson, and 3,000 Federal", 
 under Genera! Rfyn< Ids. A!ter six hours battle, 'he enemy withdrew, 
 leaving Jacks tj .still master nt the ground. Jackson'.s loss, oO in 
 killed, \Toanded, and missing. EDem>'s loss at least 250. 
 
11 
 
 October 5. .Retreat of Kosencranz from Sewell Mountain, He fled 
 with his whole army to the other side of ihe Gauley, twenty miles dis- 
 
 OcoberG.The Chickamacomico Races, on Roanoke Man^, North 
 Caroliua. An entire Indiana R-giiuent chased twemy miles b^ Colonel 
 Wright's Tbirn Georg-a Regiment. Thirty-tw Federa prison- rs and 
 valuable munitions of war ca. tured. C 'lo-iel Wright's loss, one man, 
 who ran atter the enemv umil tie tnll exha'is'ed. The Northern papers 
 claimed a magnificent Federal victory. T ousanr^s of rehels killed 
 
 tober 9 Ba tie of r^anta Rosa I>land. n«ar F.rt Pickens. The 
 Coufederate-, under General Anderson ot Snuti Carolinn, m kes a sacs 
 ccsslulat'ack on Biilv Wilson's camp, rouii"g the rowdies aud burn- 
 ing the camp. Billy ran (iff in bis shirt. While returning to Pensa- 
 cola, several of the Con'ederates were killed. 
 
 October 12. .BatUe of the Mississippi Passes. Commodore Hollins, 
 witb his raut^quito fleet, attacker! and dispersed the Federa" Squadron 
 blockadi g the mou hs of the Mississippi. The schooner J. H. Toone 
 and alauu'ch cap'iired. 
 
 Octobe'- 15. .Alter ocupvi g Mapon's aud Munsnn s Hill for seven 
 weeks, in vain expect-tion of genin? a tight frem ilcClelian, the Cou- 
 federaie army fnil back npoi Centrevi le 
 
 Oc'ober IG. .Biiiie of Bolivar, ne-*r Harper's Ferry. Colonel Turner 
 AsLby. with 25U volunteers and 800 raw Virginia milria, compleieiy 
 routed l.OOu Federals, killing 50 <>r 6t' an( taking 12 prisontrs. 
 
 October 21— Figlit at Ftedt-rickstnvpn. Missruri. JefF Tbc-mpsnn, 
 witb 1,200 Mis.souniLs, driven back by 5,000 FederalK, with lo>a on 
 both sides. 
 
 October 21 — Brilliant victorv at L3esb!irg. The enemv, with twelve 
 Regiments (T.Ooo men,) undei' G-neral E D. Baker, crossed the Poto- 
 mac attacked the Co; federate army near L^esburs, cnnsis'ing of 
 three R> giments (:■ ,590 nen,) under Geceral Nathan G. Evans, of South 
 CttfoJin.. The Feaerai- Were teiriblv defeated, losing ooO in kilied, 
 800 in wounded, and 72G in pri-onerp, al8«> 4 pieces of arnUerv and 
 1,600 stand ot arnij*. General Baker was killed, and on our t-idt Co o^ 
 nel Bun was mortally w<»nnde'1. Confederate los.-', 27 killed, 111 
 wounded. Many of tbp enemy were los« in the river. 
 
 October 25 General Frem'jnt, having advanced from St. Loui.^, oc- 
 cupies Springfield Mo. 
 
 October 31.. Resignation of General Winfield -^coti as Generalissimo 
 of the Lincoln armv. He is succeeded by Gt^neral McClellan. 
 
 November 2, 3— Great storm on the Atl.i;i ic coast. Several of the 
 Lincoln Armada losi, 
 
 November 5 -FejQont removed from his command in Virginia, and 
 succeeded by Hunter. The latter immediately orders a retreat to St. 
 Louis. 
 
 November G— Battle of Belmont on the Mississippi river. The ene» 
 my under General Orant, lu,0ii0 strong, attacked Geceral Pillow, at 
 Belmont, opposite Columbus, Kentucky. A dreadful carnage on bo'h 
 sides ensued, and Pill w was being rapidly overpowered, when he was 
 reiniorced by General Polk. Tue er my beaten, fled up «he ri^er until 
 night cicsed toe pu»-suit. Contederate loss, 585, Federal lo.«s 1.200 
 
 November 7 — Battle of Por' Royal, on tr e South Carolina coast The 
 sand Forts in l on Royal harb<>r attacked by a largf federal fl. c, un^ 
 der Commodore Dupont and General Sritrman. After a fur lous can- 
 nonade, the shot and shell from tbe fleet falliru like bail, the biave de- 
 fenders retreated. Small loss on both sides. The enemy landed 12,000 
 troops immediately, and occupied ♦hedesert?d Forts. 
 
13 
 
 November 7. .Urbanna, on the Rappahaunock, shelled by the Feder- 
 
 November 8. .B-iveral bridges on the Tennessee and Virginia Rail 
 Koad burned bj the East Tennessee tories. 
 
 November 8 -Battle ot Piketon, in Kentucky. The enemy repulsed, 
 with a very heavy loss. 
 
 November 8.. Seizure of Messrs. Mason and Slidell, on board the 
 British steamer Trent, hy Captain Wilkes, of the United States steamer 
 ban Jacinto. 
 
 November 8. .Missouri added to the Southern Confederacy. 
 
 Noveinber 9..Fightat Guyandotte, on the Ohio rivei, Western Virs 
 ginia. Colonel Clarkson, with the cavalry made a gallant dash into the 
 town, slaughtered 40 Federals, wounded 50, and took 98 prisonenj, los^ 
 ing only two men himself. 
 
 November 14 General Floyd retreated from Cotton Hill, on the Ka- 
 cawba. Colonel St. George Croghan killed. 
 
 xNovember 15— Arrival of Mpssrs. Mason and Slidell at Fortress 
 Monroe, m charge of Captain Wilkes. They are sent to Fort 
 
 November IG.. Capture of SOFederals near Upton tlill (Potomac) by 
 Aiajor Martin, of th- Natchez Cavalry. Several Federals are killed. 
 
 iNovember IS-Occupation cf the Eastern shore of Virginia, by the 
 federal troops under General Lockwood. 
 
 iNovember IS.. Skirmish near Falls Church, between the Virginia 
 J^avalry, Lieutenant Colonel Lee, and a body of the Federal Cavalry. 
 it)e enemy routed with a loss of 7 killed and 10 captured. Onr loss, 1 
 Kmtd and 2 captured. 
 
 November 22. 23 -Bombardment near Pensacola. Fort Pickens, 
 opens hre upon General Bragg's batteries. Bragp- responds, and a can- 
 nonade of two days follows. The Federal vessels engaging in the 
 ngnt driven ofl' badly damaged, Warrenton partially burned by the 
 Shells from Fi.rt Pickens. Finally Colonel Brown, tioding his etfoi Is 
 Jutile, ceases his fire. Jn his official report he gives his loss 1 killed 
 r'n^^'u*^^'' ^'^^eral were killed on the fleet. Bragg's loss, one man 
 killed by tbe>nemy's fire, several wounded. 
 
 November 24- Occupation of Tybee Island by the Federals. 
 
 iSovember 26— Cavalry fight near Vienna (Potomac) between the 
 enemy and Colonel Ransom's North Carohna Cavalry. Many of the 
 enemy killed and 2(3 captured. One Federal regimentVan, the othcers 
 leading. Ransom's loss, none. 
 
 December 2. .Skirmish at Anandale, Potomac. Colonel C. W- Field's' 
 Sixth Regiment Virginia Cavalry, kills four and captures fifteen of 
 the enemy. Field's loss, two. 
 
 December 3— Battle of Dranesville, near the Potomac. General 
 Steuurt has an engagement with a superior body of the enemy, and af- 
 ter a hard fight is forced to letreat, with a loss of over 200 killed, 
 wounded, and missing. The enemy's loss even greater. 
 
 December jo. . Kentucky added to the Southern Confederacy. 
 ^ December IG- Battle of the Alleghany, in Western Virginia. The 
 Confederate armv, 1,200 strong, under Colonel Edward Johnson, was 
 attacked by 5,000 Federal troops. The latter were gallantly repulsed 
 after seven hours fighting. 
 
 December 17. .General T.J.Jackson destroys dam No. 5 on the 
 Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, thus cutting off cana) communication be- 
 tween Washington and the West 
 
 December 17.. Battle or Woodsonville, in Kentucky. A large body 
 of the enemy attack General Ilindman, who had 1,1100 infantry and 40 
 
13 
 
 nd- 
 
 pieces of ailillerv, but were defeated with loss of 75 killed and wou 
 ed. Tbe Confederaies lost the gallant Cclonel Terry, of Texas. 
 
 December 2G— Seward surrenders Mason and Shdell, by letter, to 
 Lord Lyons, 'he British Minister. ^_ ., 
 
 December*26-Battle of Opothleyoholo, in the Indian Territory, 7o miles 
 Northwest oV Fcrt Gibson, between Colonel James M. Mcintosh with 
 four regiments, and the Indian Allies of the Federal Government under 
 their Cuief, Opothlejoholo. Two hundred of the enemy killed and 
 wounded, and lUO taken prisoners ; 100 horses captured. Confederate 
 loss 12 killed and 20 wounded. Opothleyoholo fled to kansas. 
 
 December 2S-Exploit in Hampton Roads of the Confederate steamer 
 Seabird, under Captain Lynch, who attacks the Federal sieamer Express, 
 having the Schooner Sherwood in tow and after a fierce fight, in wh cb 
 the Federal Batteries at the Rip Raps take a part, succeeds in driving on 
 the Express and capturing the schooner, taking her into Norfolk in tri - 
 
 December 28— Fight at Sacramento, near Green river, in Kentucky , 
 between a detachment of Colonel Forrest's cavalry and the enemy, who 
 were routed after a fight of half an hour. Confederate loss, 2 kiHedi 
 1 wounded. Federal loss 10 killed, 20 wounded, IS prisoners. 
 
 STATEMENT OF THE 
 
 KILLED, WOUNDED, AND CAPTUKED, 
 
 IN THE SEVERAL BATTLES AND OTHER ENGAGEMENTS, IN THE 
 YEAR ISGl. 
 The following table exhibits an approximation to the losses of both 
 parlies by the several engagements during the year. The Confederate 
 losses are compiled from the oQiical reports of the commanding officers, 
 (when such reports were published.) Of course, we can only guess at 
 the loss of the enemy. The Northern papers seldom publish Ihe offi- 
 cial reports of the Federal General?, and the latter have generally 
 proved themselves such monstrous falsifiers, that but little confis 
 dence can be placed in their reports when they are published. For in- 
 stance, Picayune Butler stated his loss at Bethel at about thirty, when 
 It is a notorious fact that one small s(juad of Magruder's men alone buried 
 ihirt3--two Federal bodies after tbe battle. In estimating tbe Federal 
 losses, we have adopted the opinions of the Confederate officers cora« 
 manding, who are gentlemen, and upon whose statements perfect rcli 
 ancc may be placed : 
 
 Federal Sxiccesses. 
 
 o 
 
 Cfl 
 
 c. c 
 
 (^ 
 
 •^ »TJ 
 
 H- 
 
 » 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 & g 
 
 ?.. 
 
 2 
 
 — 
 
 s:?^;?- 
 
 2 s- 
 
 s-' ^^ 
 
 
 
 ?' 
 
 r^'i^ 
 
 "Ss 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 .-5 
 
 ^S 
 
 §^ 
 
 ^1r 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 
 ^ » 
 
 
 : !!=• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C- 
 
 rluiic SIPhilHppa ■ 7 
 
 •Tune 18 BoonviUe I 4 
 
 •fuly 12 Rich Mouutain 4.5 
 
 .Tulyl^iSt George 13 
 
 Ausr. 23 Hatttrai? 12 
 
 Oct, 21'Frederickstown 00 
 
 Nov. 71 Fort Royal 12 
 
 V>ec. alDranesville 43 
 
 Toti.'. 
 
 Vo6\ 278 1219 85 20' 
 
 15,. 
 
 50 , 
 lOi. 
 OOl. 
 ori. 
 23 . 
 100 . 
 
14 
 
 Oonfederate Successes. 
 
 FCD. 
 
 Mar. U' 
 
 Apri! lo 
 ApilIlS 
 Apr.120 
 May 19 
 At ay 3i 
 June } 
 June 6 
 Ju .e ifi 
 June 15 
 June 17 
 June 19 
 Juoe 2i; 
 June 27 
 July 2 
 
 July 5|'0 rthaije 
 
 July 17 Sciirey Oreek 
 
 July 18 Bull Run 
 
 Julv 21 Mun; ssas 
 
 Ju y 2n vlesilla 
 
 July 28 t"''>rt taun on 
 
 AUK" 10 tiprasfleld 
 
 Aug. 15 Mathi 8 To nt 
 
 A >;. 20 FJawk's N. st 
 
 Aug. 27 Ba ly's Cross Ko:; ds 
 
 Cress Lan s 
 
 Bit Creek 
 
 IbiSan Antonio 
 
 Fort Brown 
 
 '^'ort Sumter 
 
 FortBlias .*. 
 
 Indianola 
 
 8eweU's P'>int 
 
 Fairfax C urt House. 
 
 AcquiH- Creek 
 
 P g^s Pont 
 
 Great. B ihel 
 
 Vie n' 
 
 K msa- Cltv 
 
 New Creek 
 
 Romney 
 
 MatUii s Point 
 
 Hiynasvili,. 
 
 Aug. 27 
 sept. 8 
 SenL. '" 
 
 10 
 11 
 Sspt. 11 
 fcept 19 
 Sept. 20 
 26 
 
 Sept 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Nov 
 
 N(,v 
 
 Nov 
 
 Nov 
 
 Nov 
 
 Nov 22 
 
 Nor 26 
 
 Dec 
 
 Dec 
 
 Dec 
 
 Dec 
 
 Dec 
 
 Gauley. 
 
 Lewhjsville 
 
 Tonty's Creek 
 
 Barboursvllle 
 
 Lex UK un 
 
 Aiamesa 
 
 Steam e F^nny... 
 
 Gree brier , 
 
 ('bickam comico., 
 
 Santii Kosa 
 
 MsslseipjiPasots. 
 
 B.llva 
 
 I eesburg 
 
 Beimoiit 
 
 Pketon 
 
 Gu aiid. tte 
 
 Upton Hill 
 
 Falls ClJUicb 
 
 Peisacola 
 
 Near Vienna 
 
 AnaDdaie 
 
 Alleghanv 
 
 WoodsonvUIe 
 
 Opetheyoholo 
 
 Sacramento 
 
 00 
 
 Q. 
 
 3 
 
 Total. 
 
 00 
 00 
 2 
 00 
 Off 80 
 00 75 
 00 10 
 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 (0 
 
 6 
 CO 
 
 00 
 150 
 6(1 
 60 
 
 3 
 16 
 
 6 
 6i 
 
 m 
 
 60 
 
 20" 
 
 lOtO 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 1001' 
 
 00 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 
 2 
 
 150 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 50 
 
 89 
 
 30 
 
 00 
 
 100 
 
 00 
 
 20 
 
 00 
 
 16 
 
 600 
 
 400 
 
 219 
 
 40 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 IC 
 
 4 
 
 100 
 
 00 
 
 loo 
 
 60O 
 00 
 4 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 
 ro 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 00 
 ■8 
 00 
 00 
 20 
 
 2500 ICOO 
 25 00 
 00 j 7.">0 
 
 1200 300 
 
 999 8067 288 4?25 761418177 
 
 00 
 CO 
 
 6 
 100 
 00 
 CO 
 
 6 
 5-> 
 
 2 
 
 3500 
 00 
 45 
 00 
 3^ 
 17 
 00 
 12 
 720 
 2t'0 
 00 
 98 
 SO 
 10 
 
 on 
 
 20 
 15 
 00 
 
 8 
 100 
 
 18 
 
 H ecapitixlatioii . 
 
 Confedeiate loss. 
 
 Killed 1185 
 
 Wounded 8845 
 
 Prlaonera 1487 
 
 Fedfial loss 
 4911 
 
 817'- 
 
 Total. 
 
 .5907 
 
 £0,9C'J 
 
15 
 
 That we have not overrated the Federal's loss is proved bjthe follow- 
 ing extract from the Washington correspondence of the New York 
 Times, of a late date: 
 
 " By returns of the War Department up to the liOth December, I I«aru 
 that the mortality in our army since the war broke out will reach 22,000. 
 The number killed in buttle, skirm.shes, &c., is about ll.OOii, the number 
 wounded 17,0'>0. The number of prisoners in the South and deserters 
 amount to 6.000." 
 
 If we had the means of ascertaining the Federal losses by the numer- 
 ous smaller engagements, picket skirmishes, Ac, during the year, we 
 might easily carry the number of killed and wounded up to the figures 
 indicated in the New York Times. 
 
 OXJI^HEnSTT E-VEITTS. 
 
 An exchange paper contains the following curious statistics of North- 
 ern bankruptcy during the last five years : 
 
 1857. — 4.2.=i7 failures for ^265 818,000 
 
 1858.— 3,11s " 73,608,747 
 
 18.59.-1,940 " 51,314,000 
 
 1860.-1,738 " 61,739.474 
 
 1861.— O.U35 " 176 632,170 
 
 Five years 1 6,083 f 229,1 12,391 
 
 The picture of individual morals presented by these figures is a dans 
 gerous one to the Yankee character. We hardly suppose that the re • 
 trospect of British and Scottish history for fifiy years, would present as 
 largw an amount of bankruptcy, or half the number of failures. We 
 doubt if the whole history of the Sou h, since aoe had a business to 
 conduct, would reveal aggregates approximaiicg the failures in the North 
 for the pas* live years. 
 
 This, however, is a mere drop in the bucket, compared to the general 
 rum and bankruptcy which is about to overwhelm that swaggering na- 
 tion. Their attempt to subjugate the South has plunged them into the 
 vortex of eternal ruin— already the war debt amount to within a frac- 
 tion of 1,000,000,000 of dollars, and scarce a year has elapsed since hos- 
 tilities commenced; this is independent of the above mentioned failures, 
 general loss of foreign trade, and stagnation of business among them- 
 selves. Lei us read in the following of what their own organs say upon 
 the subject. 
 
 NOTES OF THE WAR. 
 
 Financial Straits of thb North. — The following is from the money 
 article of the Philadelphia Ledger, of the 27th ult : 
 
 " The truth is. our dfficulties are daily more and more complicated. 
 Congress is, by no mean.s, a unit on the" scheme reported by the Com- 
 mittee of Ways and Means, and there is even more diversity of opinion 
 as to the tax bills. Thinking men are begining to stand aghast at the 
 monstrous proportions of the debt that is accumulating, and the finan- 
 ciers are at their wits' ends to devise ways and means to meet the in^ 
 terest, gome forty or fifty millions of which will soon be due, saying 
 
16 
 
 DotLing about the lef?itimate demands that are rolling up in huge to1» 
 ume against the Government. With an almost total cegsation of emi- 
 gration, with agriculture and every other branch of industry in the conn < 
 iry diminishing, commerce languishing, trade broken up on our frons 
 tier, the loss of the Southern mar kets, no chance of extending our Indus-* 
 try andcouimerce with Mexico or any other part of the world, in fact, 
 It may well tax the financial ability of the country to manage a debt 
 which will soon exceed 11,000,000,000." 
 
 In the following will be seen still more proof of the extent of the diss 
 aster that has befallen the incredulous Yankees. They are beginning 
 to realize the importance and magnitude of the struggle they have 
 commenced. It is, however, but a forelast*^ of what is in store for them 
 in the future : 
 
 " The Laughing Stock of all Europe, the Standing Joke," etg. — 
 After a dolorous account of their " disasters and loss of prestige on 
 land," the New York Herali, of the 19th of October or November, thus 
 forcibly and, "mirabile diUu," truthfully sums up what has happened 
 on the element on which the people of the United States were'accus- 
 tomed to pride themselves for their supretnacy, 
 
 " Some fifteen or twenty privateers have been permitted to issue from 
 the ports of the enemy to se-ze, sink, burn, destroy, and plunder our 
 dhips along the Atlantic coast, from Maine to Texas— indeed, from 
 Maine to the Straits of Megellan. In the West Indies, in the Gulf, uni» 
 der the very guns of our forts and men-of war, and in the waters of 
 South America, they have carried on their depredations with impuni- 
 ty. Some fifty of our merchant ships have been captured. Our com- 
 merce is cut up, foreign, and even American merchant?, refu?e'.to ship 
 goods in American bottoms. Our cargoes and Vtsse'.s cannot ba insured 
 except at ruinous rates. The blockade is the laugning stock of all Eu- 
 rope, the standing joke of the enterprising skippers from the British 
 piovinccs who are continually running it and selling their turpentine 
 and cotton in Boston, and the source of infinite merriment to the rebel 
 cheif and their organs throughout the world. To the ship owners and 
 merchants of the loyal States, it is no joke, and we fear the time is not 
 distant when it may prove a tragedy to us all by tempting the inter- 
 vention of foreign nations, which we must repel at any risk and any 
 sacrifice of treasure and of blood." 
 
 What the North has Lost.— The New York World is urging the 
 immediate passage ofatax bill to enable the suspended banks to resume 
 specie payment, and bring Government demand notes up to par. In its 
 issue of the 10th inst., it says: 
 
 *' In New York city to-day, gold is selling at five per cent, premium, 
 which means that the paper currency of the country, or Government 
 demand notes, are depreciated five per cent, compared with real mo- 
 ney or gold. This alteration of five per cent., in the price of paper 
 notes, has taken place within a week, and this means neither more 
 nor less, than that in that short space of time the price of eleven 
 thousand mil'ions •f property in the loyal States has changed five per 
 cent., or $550,000,000, and fifteen hundred millions of railway bonds, 
 stocks, mortgages, etc., are also changed $75,000,000, making $625,000,- 
 000 alteration in the prices of these two iteins of national wealth in 
 
17 
 
 the course of a few dajs, owing entirely to the vicioa* sjatem of na- 
 tional policy proposed to Congress, and the want c.f $200,000,000 or 
 $250,000,000 annual revenue from taxation to support the Government 
 credit. 
 
 The Efiect of the Dissolution of tue Union upon the Nobth. — We 
 tjnd, in the Chicago Tribune, the leading Abolition paper of the 
 North-weit. a startling but not overdrawn contrast between the former 
 prosperity of the North, when supported by the statesmanship and 
 wealth ot the South, and the ruin which has now so completely en- 
 gulphed the " Yankee Nation :" 
 
 "But a year ago," it asserts, " our people, from Maine to Georgia, 
 were in actual enjoyment of more of the blessings and haopiness at- 
 tendant upon a state of peace and tae operations of a Government 
 based upon the loyalty and patriotism of the citizens, than ever fell to 
 the lot of any nation. Our national debt was small and our taxes light. 
 Our commerce, internal and external, was nowhere exceeded. At home 
 every branch ot industry was prosperous, and abroad we were re- 
 spected and feared in ever- quarter of the globe. No nation could in- 
 sult us, and our friendship was sought, and an alliance with us courted 
 by all. 
 
 " In the short space of a twelve months this glorious picture, so full 
 of peace, prosperity and happiness, has become dimmed and stained 
 with national disaster and depredations. Now, we are realizing aU the 
 dread agonies of a civil war. Financial bankruptcy stares us in the 
 face. Our national debt is counted by hundrefe's ct millions. Taxes 
 more onerous and oppressive than was imposed on a free people are 
 being assessed against us. Our commerce is preyed upon by the pi-, 
 ratical privateers of the rebels and traitors, and wor^e, far worse, 
 than all, we are becom.ng a by-word and a reoroach among the na- 
 tions of the earth. Our great hereditary enemy dares to insult us, and 
 we tremblingly await each foreign arrival to learn the extent of our 
 humiliation. 
 
 [From the New Orleans Culletin, May, ISGl.] 
 An Appeal to Raise Bread Stuffs.— A wise man may learn not only 
 from a fool, but from his enemy, and nations may act upon and derive 
 benefit from the same principle. With this object in view, we give be^ 
 low an appeal to Northern and Western 'armers, from the pen of one 
 of them who evidently sees breakers ahead of the section,'to " piani 
 Corn." Our planters and small farmers may every where uenetit by 
 it, and we trust they will. Th y hardly realize the advantage they pos- 
 sess over the North in producing breadtsufld. There the farmers can 
 make bui a single crop of anvthing upon the same ground, and it 
 must all be planted within a given, and very brief period, or the early 
 frosts will kill it. How different with the agriculturists of the South! 
 They iray plant some kind of food-producing crops during almost any 
 month of the year. 
 
 Hitherto, verj little attention, comparatively, has been given to this 
 subject, planters dep::'nding in many instances, almost entirely upon the 
 West for their provisions, and others to a greater or less extent. All 
 this, however, must now be changed, and the Southern States must 
 rely wholly upon themselves for their food. Fortunately, they have 
 all the means to be desired at their own disposal. They have only to 
 
18 
 
 put forth their hands and plant, and eat and live. They have the acres, 
 the genial climate, and the labor necessary to the production of almost 
 every kind of corn, grain, vegetable, and fruit that enters into the com" 
 position of numaa food. Let the people be alive to the great tacf, and 
 avail themselves of their advantages. Let them plant, plant, plant. — 
 Their soil, though not inexhaustible, is rich, and may be made richer 
 by care and industry. Plow up the old fields, and plo v deep, the deep* 
 er the better, and plant corn, potatoes, beans, peas, etc., and see by a 
 proper variation of the kinds of seed, a succession of crops is produced. 
 Any quantity of white potatoes can be grown so as to mature in the fall 
 —a circumstance whose importance has been overlooked hitherto. Late 
 corn may also be planted, as well as sweet potatoes, a mo»t valaable 
 root. But listen to the following importunate earnest, and touching 
 cry, though tinged with the prevailing fanaticism, to " plant corn,'' 
 addresssed to Northern farmers, or rather to their wives and children, 
 by an agricultural journal, and then let all of our planters and farmers 
 protit by the appeal. 
 
 " Plant Corn." — It is the duty of those who take arms in their bands 
 to drive back the foe, to provide for that danger. It is the duty of 
 those who stay at home to provide against the danger of short crops. 
 In short to provide that they are as abundant as industrious labor, 
 judiciously and economically directed, can possibly eflfect. To do 
 this, we must begin now. Now is the seedtime, let us do our duty, 
 and trust God for the harvest. Brother farmers, we urge you to plant 
 corn. Plow deep, manure v/ell, and plant corn. 
 
 American mothers, wives, and daughters of American soldiers, we 
 urga you to plant corn. 
 
 What if every woman, who has the ability, shall plant and tend one 
 well-fertilized hill of corn? 
 
 Who can imagine the vast addition all the golden ears grown upon 
 these extra stalks would make to the great national store? 
 
 What it thev were all garneied in one garner, and added to the widows 
 and orphans fund? 
 
 Thint of this, mothers, wives and daughters. Think what vou can 
 do with such a trifling addition to your other labors as planting one 
 hill of corn. 
 
 "Only three grains of corn, mother," let every child cry, in all the 
 month of May, and plant it, and then follow the Scriptural injunction. 
 '• Dig about It and dung it, until it grows and bears ilruit." 
 
 Ihe waste bones of a single dinner, burned and pulverized, will 
 more than fertilize a hill of corn. Tbe sweepings, the slops, the pieces 
 of a small family, mixed in a tub, aud care ully applied as a liquid 
 manure, would fertilize a hundred hills of corn; aye, more, would add 
 a hundred bushels to the crop. Then plant " three grains of corn."— 
 Dig the soil deep and mellow. Soak the seed to hasten its vegetation. 
 Keep the ground free of weeds, and the surface loose, and moi^tand 
 rich. Dig in the early morning dew. There is no better fertilizer. If 
 you plant the right kind, three grains will produce six ears, and each 
 of these will have a hundred grains. 
 
 Men, women and children— all who love vour country—all who have 
 a single sup^ificial foot of the surface of the country — we ask you to 
 plant one hill of corn. Thus you can save your country in its hour of 
 peril. You can, with your feeble hands alone, provide a surplus of 
 grail. Seeing your spirit, your strong handed relatives will be ani-« 
 mated to renewed and greater exertion, and each and all throughout all 
 the corn-growing region of States, unpolluted with slavery, will plant 
 one more hill of corn." 
 
19 
 
 To carry on this fanatical and bratal war, which demagogues have 
 inaugurated against the South, the wives &nd children of Northern and 
 Western farmers are thus adjured to go out into the fields and toil, to 
 plant " one hill of corn." This shows to what terrible straits the dema- 
 gogues feel they have reduced their section of the country. To ward off 
 a famine, actual starvation, they appeal to women and children to turn 
 themselves into workmen, and dig and sweat, that the politicians may 
 enjoy office and cormorants fatten upon the common miseries. For 
 this, there will come a reckoning day; but let us inaugurate the policy 
 of entire home independence in the department ot breadstuffs when 
 it can he so easil? done, with work comparatively so light, and bar-* 
 vests 80 sure, so abundant, and so important. 
 
 Vast amounts of fertilizers might be saved upon every plantation by 
 the requisite pains and forethought, and turned to tbe enriching of 
 the soil, and ithe consequent incrcise of crops. Millions of dollars are 
 every year lost to the South in this way— from sheer neglect and im- 
 providence. We trust to see a speedy reform in tbis respect, and a 
 great increase of all kinds of cereals, fruits, and vegetables, as the 
 uatural result of it. Less cotton and more food should be the motto, 
 till the end of the war, whether it be one year or ten. 
 
 Fruits will soon be ripe, and many a patriotic housewife in the South 
 may make all her pin money by putting them up in hermetrically sealed 
 cans for the New Orleans and other markets. 
 
 No Dependence Upon India.— All further speculation as to the com> 
 petition of India with us in the production of cotton will cease upon t'he 
 general diffusion of the following article from the Calcutta English- 
 man, certainly an authority that ought to know : 
 
 "The following table shows the expense of cultivating an acre of 
 land with cotton in the Raichore Doab, the yield of which will be 240 
 pounds, or, when cleansed, 70 pounds: 
 
 Government land tax £0 5 
 
 Cost of preparing land 3 
 
 WeediDg 10 
 
 Cost 20 pounds seed 4 
 
 Sowing with drill 2 
 
 Picking the cotton 10 
 
 Cleaning the cotton 18 
 
 Carriage to support 4 8 
 
 Freight of, £3 10s. per ton 2 
 
 Screwing, bailing, &c Oil 
 
 ,♦ £1 Ho 
 
 Commission at 2>^ per cent., 7>2d 
 
 Brokerage at i<j per cent., IJ^a ^ 
 
 Tota' £1 5 7 
 
 or neariy -l^^^d. per pound, exclusive of any profit whatever, either in 
 the culuvator or shipper. It is thus clearly perceptible that the pre- 
 sent price of Indian corn in the Liverpool market is not sufficient to 
 induce any increase in the cultivation ; the more so, as the charges here 
 given are" irrespective of the thousand and one demands made of the 
 trade by every native agent through whose nands it passes. It must 
 be, moreover, oorne in mind, that any new lands taken under cultiva- 
 tion would entail great expenses on the ryot, The clearing, levelling, 
 
30 
 
 and preparing the land would ecararcely be done under £i 10s. an acre, 
 and the subsequent weedings and hoeings, without which the plants 
 would not thrive in a newly turned soil, would increase the cultivator's 
 outlay by at least another pound sterling. It is, therefore, evident that 
 without some more sure aud substantial prospect of remuneration, there 
 can be little prospect of the ryots being induced to enter largely into 
 the cultivation of new lands ; though they may cultivate more of their 
 old lands with cotton. But this cannot and will not be sufficient; and 
 unless Manchester is prepared to raise the price of Indian grown cotton 
 near to taat now being paid for the produce of American slave labor, 
 there is, we fear, but a poor prospect of any very great increase of the 
 cetton lands now existing. 
 
 The Confederate States of America have, as yet, no rival to contend 
 with for the production of cotton. Our cotton is yet King of Com- 
 merce, and the Southern Confederacy will, erelong, be the pride of the 
 world. 
 
 May 22, 1862. 
 
 HowTHE ** Contrabands" Treat the " Doodles, "~A few nighla ago, a 
 negro entered the Quartermaster's oflBce in Staunton, tipped his wool 
 and said: ''Mar's Arman — here a prisoner." ''Where d'd you get 
 him?" "Massasent him, and tele me to see him shot up safe, and the 
 key turned on him." " Well, Sambo— as you have brought him safely 
 80 far— take him over to the jail and see him locked up." "Thankee, 
 massa — come along, Yankee;" and he proudly marched off his prisoner 
 to the jail.— [Richmond Whig. 
 
 Lessons of Encouragement. — History, if it teaches anything, teaches 
 and proves conclusively that a brave and united people, determined on 
 independence, can never be subjugated. A correspondent very appo- 
 sitely cites some instances as follows : 
 
 Think of the men of the Revolution ; when the entire South was over- 
 run by the British and Tories ! Think of our frontiers then exposed to 
 the scalping knife of the savage! Yet we triumphed in the end. Think 
 of the last war with England, when Washington itself was m the hands 
 of the enemy. Yet England was again compelled to ask tor peace. — 
 Read the efibrts to subjugate Switzerland. Yet these few cantons have 
 defled Europe. Read the war in the Spanish peninsular, in which the 
 power of France was at last humbled, though she had overrun all Spain. 
 Remember the invasion of Russia, whose boors fighting for their homes, 
 exterminated the grand army of Napoleon. Are we any less than they ? 
 
 Illinois AND the Negro. — The folhwing propositions, submitted to 
 
 the people of Illinois at the same time the new constitution was, we 
 
 learn from the Chicago Times, were sustained by a large majority: 
 
 "Sec 1. No negro or mulatto shall migrate to or settle in this'State. 
 
 "Sec. 2. No negro or mulatto shall have the right of suffrage, or 
 
 hold any office in this State. 
 
 " Sec D. The General Assembly shall pass all laws necessary to car- 
 ry into effect the provisions of this article."— [Jackson Mississip-' 
 pian, July 10th. 
 
 McCLELLAN'S " STRATEGIC MOVE." 
 Henceforth when a scoundrel is kicked out of doors, 
 
 He need never resent the disgrace, 
 But cry ; " My dear, sir, I'm eternally yours, 
 For your kindness in changing mtbask!" 
 
21 
 
 GENERALS OF THE CONFEDERATE ARMY. 
 
 List of Generals, Major Generals, and Brigadier Generals, of the Aroiv 
 of the Confederate States of America, which the first year of the war has 
 called into existence. 
 
 GENERALS IN REGULAR ARMY. 
 
 Samuel Coopeh, of Virginia, Adju- Joseph E Johnston, of Virginia 
 
 tant General. Robert E Lee, of Virginia 
 
 Albert S JohnstoB, of Texas P T Beauregard, of Louisiana 
 
 MAJOR GENERALS IN PROVISIONAL ARMY. 
 
 ^ David E Twiggs, of Georgia 
 Leonidas Polk, of Louisiana 
 Braxton Bragg, of Louisiana 
 Earl Van Dorn, of Mississippi 
 Gustavus W Smith, of Kentucky 
 Theophilus H Holmes, of No. Ca. 
 William J. Hardee, of Georgia 
 Benjamin Hugcr, of South Carolina 
 
 / 
 
 James Longstreet, of Ali^bama 
 James B Magruder, •f Virginia 
 Thomas J Jackson, of Virginia 
 Mansfield Lovell, of Virginia 
 Edmund Kirby Smith, ot Florida 
 George B Crittenden, of Kentucky 
 Sterling Price, of Missouri 
 Richard L Ewell, of Virginia 
 
 BRIGADIER GENERALS IN PROVISIONAL ARMY. 
 
 Milledge L Bonham, of So. Ca. 
 John B. Floyd, of Virginia 
 Henry A Wise, of Virginia 
 Ben McCullocb, of Texas 
 Henry R. Jackson, of Georgia 
 Robert S Garnett, of Virginia 
 Wm. H T Walker, of Georgia 
 Barnard E. Bte, of South Carolina 
 Alexander R Lawton, of Georgia 
 Gideon J Pillow, of Tennessee 
 Samuel R Anderson, of Tennessee 
 Daniel S Donelson, of Tennessee 
 David R Jones, of South Carolina 
 Jones M Withers, of Alabama 
 John C Pemberton, of Virginia 
 John H Winder, of Maryland 
 Jubal A Early, of Virjiinia 
 Thos. B Flournoy. of Arkansas -f- 
 Samuel Jones, ot Virginia 
 Arnold Eizev, «f Maryland 
 D H Hill, of North Carolina 
 Henrey H Sibley, of Louisiana 
 Wm. H C Whiting, of Georgia 
 Wm. W Loring, of No. Ca. 
 R H Anderson, of So. Ca. 
 Albert Pike, ot Arkansas 
 Thos. T Fauntleroy, ot Virginia 
 Robert Toombs, ot Georgia 
 Daniel Ruggles, of Virginia 
 Charles Clark, of Mississippi 
 Boswell S Ripley, of So. Ca. 
 Isaac R Trimble, of Maryland 
 John C Grayson, of Kentucky y 
 Paul Herbert, of Louisiana t-^ 
 
 Richard C Gatlin, of No. Ca. 
 Felix K ZoUicoffer, ol Tennessee 
 Benj. F Cheatham, of Tennessee 
 Joseph R Anderson, of Virginia 
 Simeon B Buckner, of Virginia 
 L P Walker, of Alabama 
 Albert G Blanchard, of Louisiana 
 GJ Raines, of North Carolinij. 
 J E B Stewart, of Virginia 
 Lafayette McLaws, of Georgia 
 Thos. F Drayton, of S«. Ct. 
 Thos. C Hindman, of Arkansas 
 
 ■ Adley H Gladden, of Louisiana 
 John P McCown, of Tennessee 
 Lloyd Tilghman, of Kentucky 
 N 6 Evans, of South Carolina 
 Cadmus M Wilcox, of Tennessee 
 
 - Philip St. Ge' rge Cocke, of Va. 
 R E Rhodes, of Alabama 
 Richard Taylor, of Louisiana 
 Louis T Wigiall, ot Texas 
 J H Trapier, of South Carolina 
 S S French, ot Mississippi 
 Wm H C rrotl, of Tennessee 
 Hugh W Mercer, of Georgia 
 Humphrey Mars^hall, ol Kentucky 
 John C Breckinridge, of Kentucky 
 Richard Griffith, ot Mississippi 
 Alex. P Stewart, of Ken ucky 
 William M Gardner, of Georgia 
 Richard B Gardner, cf Virginia 
 Wm. Mahone, of Virginia 
 L O'Brian Branch, of JNo. Ca. 
 Maxcy Gregg, of South Carolina 
 
THE FIRST PRAYER IN CONGRESS. 
 
 We are indebted to our friend, Maj. E. E. Sell, for a copy of a hand- 
 bill published some time since by J. Childs, Philadelphia. On the one 
 side is an advertisement, and on the other side a copy of " The First 
 Prayer in Congress." 
 
 We re-print this as a matter of great interest to all readers, and a laa 
 toncal document worthy of preservation, whether we consider the plact 
 and occasion ot the prayer, or the author and his history. It will De 
 noted also, that by substituting the Confederate States, this prayer may 
 be used and adopted bv all who are now defpnding the genuine princw 
 pies of Anglo-American Republicanism against the licentious Democracy 
 and thieving Despotism which have usurped the once proud name oC 
 the United States. We copy the hand-bill, as follows : 
 
 ^THE FIRST PRAYER IN CONGRESS. 
 
 In " Thatcher's Military Journal," under date of December, 1777, la 
 found a note containing the identical " First Prayer in Congrtss, 
 made by the Rev. Jacob Duche, a gentleman of great eloquence. 
 Here it is, a historical curiosity : 
 
 •* Oh Lord, our Heavenly Father, high and mighty King of kings, and 
 Lordof Lords, who doth trom thy throne behold all the dwellers on 
 earth and reignest with power supreme aud uncontrolled over all king- 
 doms' empires and governments ; look down in mercy, we beseech thee, 
 on these American States, who have fled to thee from the rod of 'he 
 onpressor, and thrown themselves on thy gracious protection, desirin.t: 
 to be henceforth dependent only on thee ; to thee they have appealed 
 for the righteousness of their cause; to thee do they now look up for 
 that countenance and support which thou alone canst give ; take them, 
 therefore. Heavenly Father, under thy nurturing care; give them wisdom 
 in council, and valor in the held ; defeat the malicious designs of cur 
 cruel adversaries ; convince them of the unrighteousness of their cause ; 
 and if they still persist in their sanguinary purposes, O ! let the voice of 
 thine own unerring justice, sounding in their hearts, constrain them io. 
 drop the weapons of war from their unnerved hands in the day of bat- 
 tle. Be thou present, God of Wisdom, and direct the councils of thus 
 honorable assembly; enable them to settle things on the best and surest 
 foundation, that the scene of blood may be speedily closed, that order, 
 harmony and peace may be elFectually restored; and truth and jusiicf^ 
 religion and piety, prevail and flourish amongst thy people. Preserve 
 the health of their bodies and the vigor of their minds; shower down 
 on THEM and the millions they here represent, such temporal blessings 
 as thou seest expedient for them in this world, and crown tbem with 
 everlasting glory in the world to come. All this we ask in the nat^e 
 and through the merits of Jesus Christ, thy Son, our Saviour, Amen ! 
 
 It is on record, we believe, that on the occasion of first using this 
 nraver the Chaplain read for the lesson the 35th Psalm. 
 ^ ■^ ' " [Charleston Coiirike, Jan. 28, 1802. 
 
 The First Secessionist.— The first disunion speech ever made in thf 
 United States House of Representatives, was by Josiah Quincy, of Mf ' 
 sachusetts, in regard to the Louisiana Enabling Act, January 14, 181 . 
 
 " I am* compelled to declare it as my deliberate opinion, that if tl 
 bill passes, the bonds of this Union are virtually dissolved ; that t 
 States which compose it are free from their moral obligations, and tt 
 as it will be the right of all, so it will be the duty of some to prepe 
 
23 
 
 [From the Augusta Constitutionalist] 
 HISTORICAL PARALLELS. 
 
 The condition of the Lincoln Government, in its insane ettorts to sub- 
 jugate the Southern States, bears a striking resemblance, in many fea- 
 tures, to that of England in its attempt to subdue the thirteen colonies. 
 
 The intelligent statesmen of the North will find in the history of that 
 memorable struggle many instructive chapters; but it is doubtful now 
 whether they can derive much profit from the study. That history should 
 have been studied and applied before this atrocious war upon the South 
 began. Had this been done, and the Northern mind been duly enlight- 
 ened, ihe ruin that is fast coming upon the Northern republic might have 
 been averted. It is now too late. There is the marked difference be- 
 tween the condition of the English in that contest, and the Yankees at 
 the present time. In Eagland, public opinion was divided as to the 
 wisaom and justice of the coercive policy of the Crown, and those who 
 opposed that policy were free to speak and write their opinions, and to 
 give them exoression in Parlumentand through the public press. Free- 
 dom of speech and of the press were intact. Those great bulwarks of 
 liberty continued to be respected as sacred. There were no bastilea, no 
 lettres de cachet, no Fort La Fayettes and Fort Warrens in which a Min- 
 ister of the Crown dared, on his mere written order, to incarcerate a 
 British subject for declaring his detestation ofnhe fratricidal war. The 
 great writ of habeas corpus was neither suspended by Parliament nor 
 violated by the Ministry. The latter dared not attempt such an usurpa- 
 tion. As the fruit of the sacrtdiess of these rights, we have preserved 
 to the world, in the speeches of Chatham and Burke, and other distin- 
 guished orators who denounced the war, some of the most splendid 
 specimens extant of British eloquence. 
 
 In 1777, on a motion for an address to the Crown to put a stop to hos- 
 tilities in America. Lord Chatham, in the course of au eloquent speech, 
 usea tbe following language: 
 
 '•But, my Lords, the times demand the language of truth. We must 
 notnow apply ihe unction of servile compliance or blind complaisance. In 
 a just and necessary war, to maintain the rights or honor of my couritry 
 I would strip the shirt from my back to support it. But in such a war as 
 thid, unjust in us principles, impracticable in its means, and ruinous in 
 its consequences, 1 would not contribute a single effort nor a single shil- 
 ling. I do not call for vengeance upon the heads of those who have beeti 
 guilty ; I only recommeud to them to make their retreat. Let them walk 
 off, and let them make haste, or they may be assured that speedy and 
 condign punishment will overtake them. 
 
 •'My Lords, I have submitted to you, with the freedom and truth 
 which I think my duty, my sentiments on your prosent awful situation. 
 I have laid before you the ruin of your power, the disgrace of your repu- 
 tation, the pollution of vour discipline, the contamination of yoar morals 
 the complication of calamities, foreign and domestic, that overwhelm 
 your sinking country. Your dearest interests, vour own liberties, the 
 Constitution itself, totters to the foundation. All this disgraceful'dan- 
 ger, this multitude of misery, is the monstrous offspring of this unoatu- 
 ral war. We have been deceived and deluded too long. Let us now 
 stop short. Th.s is the crisis— the only crisis of time and situation to give 
 us the possibility ot escape Irom the fatal effects of our delusions But 
 if, In an obstinate and infatuated perseverance in folly, we slavishly echo 
 the peremptory words this day presented to us, nothing can save this 
 devoted country from complete and final ruin. We madly rush into mul- 
 tiplied miseries, and confusion worse confounded. Is it possible— can it 
 be believed, that Ministers are yet blind to this impending deatruction V 
 
34 
 
 How impressive is lUis picture, how atriking tUo parallel ! 
 
 The orator proceeds iu his fervid denunciation of the Miniatere, '■ ) 
 forcibly applicable to Lincoln now and his infatuated Cabinet: 
 
 " I did hope that instead of this false and empty vanity, this ovcrn-eau- 
 ing pride, engendering high conceits and presumptuous imaginationy-. 
 Ministers would have humbled themselves in their errors, would hav 
 confessed and retracted them, and by an active though a laterapentanc. 
 have endeavored to redeem them. But, my Lords, since they had neithe • 
 the sagacity to foresee, nor justice nor humanity to shun these oppressiA ■ 
 calamities— since not even severe experience can make them feel, nor tt -^ 
 imminent ruin of their country awaken them from their stupefaction, tl- 
 guardian care of Parliament must interpose." 
 
 The noble Earl then announced his purpose to ofier an amendment Ic 
 theaddreihS, recommending "an immediate cessation of hostilities, and 
 the commencement of a treaty to restore peace and libei'ty to Americr. 
 strength and happiness to England, security and permanent prosperit;. 
 to both countries." 
 
 But the parallel would not hold out in the foreshadowed results, so hi 
 as the Yankee nation is concerned. 
 
 The day of their prosperity is over so far as it has been, or might yt 
 be, derived from gouthern trade and intercourse. Lord Chatham goes o; 
 to say: 
 
 '-'By the establishment of irrevocable law, founded on mutual rights^ 
 and ascertained by treaty, these glorious enjoyments may be firmly per- 
 petuated. And let me repeat to your Lordships, that the strong bias of 
 America, at least of the wise and sounder parts of it,- naturally inclines 
 to this happy re-connection with you. Notwithstanding the temporary 
 intrigues with France, we may still be assured of their ancient and con- 
 firmed partiality to us." 
 
 There can be no re-connection with New England, or any part of the 
 universal Yankee nation and the South, either social, political, or com- 
 mercial. That arrogant and rapacious people have, themselves, by their 
 infamous atrocities, created a gulf between the North and the South that 
 no treaty, no time, no change of policy, can ever bridge over. There is 
 in the South an ancient partiality for old England, that may be reviveci 
 and confirmed, should the British Government now adopt a wise and 
 energetic policy. But tor the Yankees— never— never! There never was- 
 any partiality tor them among Southerners, though from a false policj 
 and a more false indolence, tbe South has given them an immense trad( 
 and innumerable social and commercial advantages. That day of folly 
 and infatuation for the South, whether in peace or in war, is forever 
 over. 
 
 A Dying Nation.— The New Y''ork Day Book says : "A merchant of 
 this city whose opinion is eotitled to credit, both from his experience 
 and bis sagacity, says that ' it is useless to deny that a complete financial 
 wreck of tbe whole North is inevitable, unless something is done when 
 Congress meets to bring about an honorable peace.' It is a sad business 
 to walk out in the streets. One can scarcely persuade himself that be is 
 not in Bedlam, Such faces! Some blazing with fiendish passions; 
 others, sad, sorrowful, and despairing; but nut one pleasant and joyous 
 countenance in the whole city. There is something in every man s face 
 which seems to say 'a nation is dying !' " 
 
 Sore Thboat.. .Common salt, slowly dissolved in the mouth, and 
 swallowed, just before going to bed, is very effectual in ordinary cases 
 of 8ore throat. 
 
25 
 
 THE BATTLES OF MANASSAS AJJD RICHMOND. 
 
 A WAENING TO LINCOLN. 
 
 Being a native Baltimorian, and havinc: been in faror of an aggressive war 
 policy h-om the commencement of our struggle, I have written the following lines, 
 immediately after the battle of Manassas, with the daily anticipation that our 
 army would move unto Washington City, to capture that corrupt lair of tyfanny, 
 the chief source of all Infamies. H. W.R. J. 
 
 Our soldiers at Manassas their valor have proved, • 
 
 They have roHted the foe who sought us to enslave ; 
 Lincoln despots beware, the South is not subdued, 
 Nor can you with milliODS ever conquer our brave. 
 
 Should you for a moment, m your fanatical dreams 
 
 Cherish a hope of laying waste our beautiful land, 
 
 Think of Manassas, the destruction of your schemes, 
 
 All Southerners are formed in one chivalric band. 
 
 Prepared for the invader and despotic foe, 
 
 To hurl from positions he unjustly has taken, 
 
 With slaughter and carnage, dealing terror and woe 
 
 To an insolent rabble, whom God hath forsaken. 
 
 The battles of Bethel. Bull Run, and Manassas, 
 
 Should prove conclusive what in future we'll do, 
 
 So you'd better conclude no more to harrass ub, 
 
 Or we'll surely compell you lor mercy to sue. 
 
 We assert but our rights, and we dare to maintain 
 
 A separation, a nation distmct and free 
 
 From barbarians who pillaged Virginia's domain, 
 
 And broken the branches ol ouv Liberty Tree. 
 
 But anew we have planted that emblem so true. 
 
 And cherish'd by true manhood of low and high estate. 
 
 Liberty for which Washington his sA'ord fitst drew, 
 
 Proved the rights of man, and measured a tyrants fate. 
 
 Virginia holds the remains of our Washington, 
 
 To retain them we will pass through a lake of (ire, 
 
 And force upon you another Manassas and Bull Run, 
 
 For we'll break through despots walls of steel, and never tire. 
 
 All the States of the South we will surely redeem ' 
 
 From fanatics and tyrants who would rum our slaves; 
 
 Remembbr, • old Abe,' Belshazzer and his dream, 
 
 Remember the vengeance of oar God, and our braves. 
 
 For like Belshazzar you have trusted in your power, 
 
 To dishonor our women, to pillage our lands. 
 
 You've reckoned without your host, and marked is your hour, 
 
 As fetters* await you prepared by your owa hands. 
 
 As we believe in our God, and trust in bis mercy. 
 
 We will give you such time to adopt your disguise, 
 
 Believing sincerely you'r a crazy old hu-ssy, 
 
 'Ti3 a rabble that leads and lauds you to tlie skies. 
 
 Your time is near at hand, so take your Scottish cap, 
 
 We'll grant you a passage to your former abode; 
 
 Forthwith leave that Capital, 'lis only a trap. 
 
 In which you'll be tori;ured like a harrowed old toad. 
 
 ♦ Hand-cuffs taken at Manassas. 
 
26 
 
 For that same Capital is a part of our claim, 
 Our legitimate right we are ready to prove, 
 Its possession to you will be but trifling gain, 
 Compared with safety to your self, and timely move. 
 
 So trespass no more, aud we'll forgive your past sins, 
 Return all your minions to the plough and the hoe, 
 To industry, where power and greatness begins, 
 Stay the arm that makes brother to brother a foe. 
 
 We're content with the South and her beautiful clime. 
 We want not your lands, half the year subject to shov>'; 
 With us your voice for men'.^ rights and liberty chime, 
 Then we as kindred nations prospering mav grow. 
 
 Our VMd tone of command, and earnest voice of reason, 
 
 Cannot fail to carry conviction to your heart ; 
 
 Long you have tried to convict us of treason, 
 
 To the world you expected to prove yourself smart, 
 
 Biit treason is chargeable to your tyrant self. 
 
 Your tricks and deception are being unmasked, 
 
 You and your party try to rob us of our pelf, 
 
 And you'll get what you've neither wished for nor asked, 
 
 Unless you take speedy warning while yet there's time, 
 (It iB never too late for a man to do good,) 
 Though great may have been the commitment of his crime ; 
 Ho return dear "old Abe" to your chopping of wood. 
 
 T^^enty days you assigned us to lay down our arms, 
 
 To submit to your despotic and tyranic will, 
 
 You find we have in store for your beautiful charms, 
 
 Charms* proved by the p.word, but first given by the quill. 
 
 Thresf months were your limit, with seventy -five thousand 
 Of hirelings and menials to subdue the whole South, 
 But with that number you merely made an onset,— 
 'Twill prove as fatal as a long continued drouth. 
 
 ^Twill speedily ab.^orb your men and resources, 
 In the end you will find you have nothing to gain. 
 But prove us a nation, with unconquerable forces, 
 To number your armies with the vanquished and slain. 
 
 * The charms .alluded to .ire the qu.alitio.s and virtues of national power, which 
 exists in the will .and resolution of a people, who are as a unit engaged In the 
 great and absorbing object of national existonoe. and independence of Pnri 
 tanieal and abolition influences. 
 
 ^From the Savann.ah Eepublican, May Slat 
 OoR PflisoxER3 IN- THE NoRTH.— The Yankee Papers advocate putting 
 aU the "rebel prisoners" they have to work. The Philadelphia Press 
 says: 
 
 Put them to work. Employ them to retribute in some degree, the de- 
 struction and devastation they have been the instruments in perpetra« 
 ting. Set them to work in constructing new fortifications in places 
 sufficiently remote from iheir late fellow conspirators to be secure from 
 recapture and escape. It is no objection that quarrying, walling, and 
 diggings are foreign to their avocations at home. They worked with 
 
27 
 
 a wilJ, or uuder coustramt, te destrof bridges, tear up railroads, (o ob- 
 struct commoa highways, to burn houses, to dig ditches, throw up 
 embankments whence to slaughter their faithful fellow countrvmen, 
 and now, neither thev, nor any others, can complain at their'being 
 employed iu similar works of construction, not of ruin, (or the bene 
 tit of those whom they have done so much to injure. >.'or can they 
 complain at being employed ia labors which would Lave t) be done 
 by our soldiers or citizens, every man of whom is the equal, at least 
 to the best of them— a voter, one of the sovereign people from whom' 
 eminates the government. Employing the prisoners on public works 
 would somewhat compeusate the expense of maintaining them. 
 
 Stonewall JACssoN.~The Milton (N. C.) Chronicle says there must 
 "be something in a name," for the very sound of Jackson seta a 
 Yankee to trembling. The foreigners iu the Yankee army swear it's 
 all a " rf-bol lie" about the •• iStonewall" part of the name." " Bugger 
 me eyes" says Patrick, '• if ye can be after making me believe that it isn't 
 that old spalpeen G'nerul Andrew Jackson, and if it is, boys, Holy Saint 
 Mary, ye bether be afther lavin' these low lands ofsoi^row." "Mine 
 got !" exclaims Hans " dat ish him, kuni to life, and he'll p ay de debet 
 wid de Dutch." 
 
 Thk Yankkes Still Stkal!N(i. --The Yanke-s used to sti-al uetrrofo 
 from Africa to sell to Southerti aud Cuban planters. Tbey seem to 
 be making war ou the South that they may steal negroes" and fell 
 them to the West Indies. The Fortress Monroe correspondent of the 
 .Vew York Herald gives an account of a Yankee slaver, which, right 
 under the eje.s of the large Yankee land and naval forces there, and 
 manifestly with their connivance, has carried oti (wo hundred* and 
 seventy-five negro men, " sprightly lads, worth iu Cuba from $500 to 
 $1200 each." These negroes are part of those enticed from their mas^ 
 ters in Virginia with promi.-tsof frepdom. The writer tells the follow- 
 ing story from which we infer that the whole thing has be«n done by 
 authority of Lincoln's government: 
 
 For some time past a bark has lam at anchor near Cape Henry, and 
 by the supposed honest intentions of her cap(ain, she had been a!-* 
 lowed to remain tliere until she could communicate with her owner.s 
 i.r consignees. Hut the sequel shows that an honest suit mav cnvpr a 
 cool and calculating villain. 
 
 By some means a number of controbands have been induced daily 
 to go down to work on the vessel, but in no instance have they beeii 
 allowed to return. Vessels bringing cargoes here have beeu the "mean>5 
 employed to bring (hem 1o the hark after their cargoes were landed; 
 .so well pianued has the whole affair beeu thai no suspicions have aris- 
 en in the minds of any one, not even (he naval officers, whose duty it 
 is to watch every description of craft. The flagship lav all this time 
 where she ought to have seen such transactions. These things have 
 been going on until two hundred and seventy of brother Wilder's flock 
 were safely on board the slaver, and last night, amid the storm and 
 rain, she went out to sea. 01 course we can learn nothing from ca-> 
 val officers in regard to this strange affair; an officer high in rank as- 
 suring us that "their mouths were sealed in reference to naval intel- 
 ligence of any kind." The question that naturally arises iv", where was 
 the North Atlantic blockaking squadron? 
 
 The Yankkes Sellino Negroes.— Some weeks ago a portion of Gen^ 
 eral Mitchel's command was stationed at LarkinsviDe, a small town 
 in Jackson county, Ala., on the Memphis Railroad, while they pillaged 
 the country as ttjey are accustomed to do. everywhere, and of course 
 
28 
 
 took iiud employed contrabands as they wanted, and kept them as locg 
 as they pleased. 
 
 But the hypocrititcal cant of the enemy was most glanngly exibit- 
 ed in that, after they were done with the negroes, instead of sending 
 them to their owner or taking them away with them, they put them np 
 at auction and sold them. The Yankees bid on them, but they werd 
 careful to let Ibem be knocked ofl" to residents, who generally were 
 the former owners or the friends of the former owners. Thus these 
 Dien whose conscience hurt them so much that they could not remain 
 m the Union with slaveholders, have become slave thieves and deaU 
 ers through malice and greedy of gaio. Of what worth are all their 
 loud-mouthed, empty profesions?— (Atlanta Commonwealth. 
 
 Yankee Cruelty — We noticed yesterday an instance in which a Cou>4 
 federate soldier had been captured uninjured, and Bubsequently re- 
 captured by our force?, badly wounded, having been assaulted vioiect- 
 Iv by two Federal ofllcers during his captivity. We have since heard 
 it stated, ihat in several instances, where our wounded fell into the 
 enemy's* hands, they were either shot or bayoneted. Those statements 
 scarcely seem credible, and but for a Yankee letter which was found 
 upon one of the battle -helds, we might well doubt their truth. An 
 extract which we make from the letter fully establishes the statements 
 alluded to. The writer, in speaking of going over the field after an 
 eneagement, says: 
 
 "It was a pretty hard looking sight. Tne ground was covered with 
 dead rebels and wounded. There were a great many that were only 
 wt uuded, and they were very spunky; that is, some of them were. - 
 Afler they were wounded, they would set up and tire at our men as 
 they cume up ; but the boys soon put them out of the way by running 
 their bayonets ihrnugh them. It looked rather hard, but when a man 
 is wounded he ought" to be satisfied to stop." 
 
 Effectiveness cf McClellan's AEMT.~In view of the recent events, 
 the following editorial testimony from the N. Y^. Tribune, of the 14th 
 July, f>s 10 thefttrfngth of McClellan's army, deserves to be placed 
 upon record ; 
 
 " We have late private advices from our army before Richmond.— 
 In spite of its heavy losses by sickness, privation and combat, it is 
 to-day the strongest and most effective army ever assembled on this 
 continent— much stronger even in numbers, than is generally sup* 
 posed. It has more and better artillery than any other army in the 
 world evfr had. 
 
 Yet a little while longer must the sword and the bayonet write in 
 in letters of fire a fresh heroic page in the aunals of the American 
 Re]aiblic. Then cometh welcome peace," 
 
 Yankef, Outrages in Norfolk. — The Raleigh Register learns from 
 a rpspectabh' scturce that a Y^ankee Colonel having violated a negro 
 woman in Norfolk, was shot by her for so doing. Wherereupon the 
 gallant Coloiiel's compatriots, in revenge of his death, on the next day, 
 killed and wounded about 120 negroes in Norfolk. It is reported thai 
 a good many Yankees have been killed by eating strawberries, in which 
 poison had been mixed by negroes. 
 
 Eight Sons IN the Army.— Mrs. Martha Tyler, a widow lady, living in 
 Henrico county, Virginia, ten miles West of Richmond, has eight sons 
 in the service of the Confederate States, viz; Three in Courtney's Ars 
 tillery, two in the Hampden Artillery, two in the Igth Yirginia In- 
 fantry, and one in Capt. Wren's company of cavalry. 
 
JXr 24, 1S52, before the great battle of Richmond. 
 GEN. BUCKNER TO BE TRIED AND HANGED FOR TREASON. 
 The Yankee Congress is debating the propriety of hangiog Gtn. 
 liuckner for treason. Wc give a sketch of the debate on this very 
 extraordinary proposition : 
 
 Mr. Davis, of Kenlncky. introduced a resolution rol.uire to Gcnwrnl 
 BuckntT, that he had seduced the vState Guard of Kentucky, and corn- 
 milted treason, and was under indictment Jor treason against the Uni- 
 ted Htates in the District Court of Kentucky; therefore. 
 
 Resolved, That the snid jSimon Bolivar Buckner ought to be trans- 
 ferred to the civil authorities of the United tSlates to be tried for 
 treason, whereof ho stands indicted. 
 
 Mr. Grimes, of Iowa, thought the resolution ou^lit not to pass. - 
 There were three Federal officers here now, who had been capiurt'd 
 by the rebels at Pittsburg Landing, negotiating for a genernl ox- 
 change of prisoners, including Gen. Buckner. He thought we ought 
 not to keep so many of our own men prisoners Un the sake of afnd- 
 ing bpck Gen. Buckner to be tried in Kentucky. The exchange of 
 Gen. Prentiss was loQked to by the rebels in this transaction. Hi? (i'd 
 not see why prisoners from Iowa, Illinois, and other States, should be 
 t-acrificed, as Ihey would be, to punish in the way proposed om cili- 
 zcn ot Kentucky. 
 
 Mr. Trumbull wanted to know if the Senator from Iowa had :juv 
 reason for supposing the rebels would keep faith and exchange prison- 
 ers. After the battle of Belmont, this Government surrendered pii ;- 
 oners on the promise of exchange, but the rebels, after rcc»=iving thvir 
 men, refused to give up ours; audit is well known they refused to 
 deliver Col. Corcoran ihe other day, after the privateersmen wcro^ent 
 down fo them, Ue was willing to make exchanges, but wanted to 
 know what assurance there was that the rebel Government would 
 keep faith in the matter. 
 
 Mr. Grimes said that the Government had continued to ma'te rx« 
 changes, notwithstanding the alleged bad faith of the rebel Govern 
 ment, and Gen. Buckner, nor any one else ought to be given up til' we 
 had a like number delivered to us. 
 
 Mr. Davis earnestly urged ihe adoption of his resolution, couiend- 
 log tiiat Gen. Buckner was the most infamous of traitors, having or- 
 ganized the Slate Guard under the auspices of the State and the Uni- 
 ted States Government, come to Washington and conferred with tho 
 President, and then went home and corrupted the fl owei of the youih 
 of that State, and led them away into the rebel army. If any onr of 
 the leading traitors should be hung, it was the wr;tch Pnickner, wbo 
 now stands indicted fortreason, unlike others similarly circ.nmstan<'ed. 
 The Governmoot sliould not yield to rh^j arrogant term-? of the rtbel- 
 lionisls, as we had far more prisoners than they hai. 
 
 Mr. Browniner, of Illinois, oi)posed the re.ifi'ulion, as entirely i"- 
 prrtpcr, contending that the lules of war admitted of no such action m 
 regard to prisf:ners taken in war. 
 
 This matter of the exchange or treatment of pnioner.'*, Coo* 
 grass had nothing to do wiih, and if such course was pursued as sug- 
 gested, the rebels would, of course, retaliate ; and if Rtickn'>r was huag. 
 f»'cn. Prenti.'-s, or p(iha})s half a dozen others, wcii!d share the same 
 fate in return. 
 
 Mr. I.athan thought the subject ."hould be well considered, and on 
 bis motion the subject wa.s postponed till next day. 
 
30 
 
 NonxHERN Dissatisfaction.—" Had Secretary Btauoton appeared in 
 our streets to-daj," says a private letter from New York of the date 
 of Monday, " he would have been mobbed." If such was the popular 
 feeling in the city of New York on Monday, what must have been the 
 feeliBg auQong the soldiers of the army of the Potomac as the deci« 
 mated division were compelled fo fall back before the onset of ims 
 mensely superior numbers? 
 
 No apology can be trumped up for the non-reinforcement of Mc« 
 Clellan. McDowell's corps should haye been sent to him long ago, and 
 one hulf of the army of the West, which drove Beauregard out ofOoi- 
 inth, migUt have reached him days ago. 
 
 No wonder the soldiers of the army of the Potomac have registered 
 vows of vengftance against the politicians at Washington who have 
 left them to be slaughtered by the overwhelming legions of the rebels. 
 
 "Onward to Richmond" must now be rendered " Onward to death!" 
 
 (Chicago Tribune.) 
 
 Est I act from a letter written by a Federal Surgeon to his sister . 
 
 "Fortress Monroe, July 4. 
 
 " 1 now realize war in all its horrors, I have witnessed such scenes 
 as would make the blood curdle to read about them, but to look upon 
 IS horrible. I have seen, within two days past, more than 12,000 men 
 torn in all parts o! the bodv with balls and bayonet wounds, The 
 Pennsylvania regiments suffered terribly, only 150 men are left in the 
 104th Pennsylvania Regiment. The number of killed, wounded, and 
 missing in the two day's fight, approache^s 16,000, certain. 
 
 "Don't believe anything you see in the papers. 1 know Ihey lie 
 awfully. Official despatches are worth nothing, 
 
 " We hear that Burnside has reinforced McCIellan, and that Halleck 
 is to send as many as he can spare." 
 
 This is an account, or miniature sketch, of the two first day's 
 fighting in the battles of Richmond, and tallies with another account 
 given after vhe ^seven days fighting, in which the loss of McCIellan'*^, 
 is estimated at eighty thousand. 80,000 killed, wounded, and missing- 
 
 The London Telegraph, in referring to Butler's brutal order, re- 
 marks: 
 
 It is true that Butler and his villainous decree may be disavowed by 
 the Washington Oovernment, but how facile are these oliicial avowals 
 — how easy it is for Alexander at St. Petersburg to disavow the woman- 
 whippings ordered by his Generals at Warsaw. "It is a far cry to 
 I.ochawe." It is a long way from New York to New Orleans. The 
 mischief and the scandal are in the fact that high posts in the Federal 
 iirmy should be entrusted to abandoned wretches, who by their deeds, 
 bring upon themselves the scorn and approbrium of the whole civilized 
 world. The commanders of the Confederate forces have at least acted 
 like officers and gentlemen. It has been reserved for the " high'^hand- 
 ed" and " refined" warriors of the North to emulate the coarse brutali- 
 ties of rowdies and shoulder-hitters. 
 
 TuE Eagle Hides His Head in Shame.— A Washington correspon- 
 dent of the Richmond Examiner writes : " On the day that Seward 
 signed the ignominious surrender of Mason ana Slidell, it is said an eagle 
 perched upon the summit of the capitol, and hid his head under his 
 wing. He was shot and killed by a Yankee sutler." 
 
31 
 
 EXTRACT FEOM THE TENTH CHAPTER OF JOSHUA- 
 
 WITH A NEW TRANSLATION. 
 
 Now it came to pass when Abe Lincoln, King of the Abolitionists at 
 Washington City, had heard how Jefl' Davis had taken Fort Sumter, 
 and how the inhabitants of Virginia had made peace with the children 
 of Davis and were among tbem : 
 
 2. That he feared greatly, because Richmond was a great city, as one 
 of the royal cities, and all of the men of Virginia were mighty. 
 
 '■J. Wherefore, Abraham, King of Washington, sent unto the five Abo- 
 lition Governors of New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Ohio and 
 Indiana, saying : 
 
 4. C^me up unto me, and help mc, that we ma}' smite Virginia, for it 
 hath made peace with Jeff Davis. 
 
 o. Therefore the tive Abolition Governor.s gathered their armies to > 
 gether and went up and camped before Manassas, and made war against 
 Virginia* 
 
 tj. And the men of Virginia sent unto Jeff Davis, at Montgomery, 
 saying: Slack not thy hand from thy servants, but come up to us quick- 
 ly and save us, and help us; for ail the Abolitionists of the North are 
 gathered together against us. 
 
 7. So Jeff Davis ascended from Montgomery, and all the men of valor 
 with him, 
 
 8. And the Lord discomlitted them before the children of the South, 
 and they were slain with a great slaughter at Manassas, and they' were 
 chased along the way that goeth up to Centrevillc, and smitten to Alex* 
 audria, and near unto Washington City. 
 
 And it came to pass, as they fled from before the children of the 
 South, that there were more that died from fear than were slain by the 
 sword. 
 
 For there w^s no day like that before it, for the Lord fought for tbc 
 children of the South. 
 
 And Jeff. Davis said. Stay ye not, but pursne after your eaemies, an<i 
 amitc the hindmost of them, and suffer them not to enter their cities. 
 
 And Jeff, ^<aid to the children ot tbe South, Fear not, for thus shall 
 the Lord di» to all your enemies. 
 
 But we did not, as Joshua commanded, puisuo our enemies and smite 
 the hinduio.st of them. Our great victory at Manassag has given our 
 Cabinet, an i some of our people, an ovcr'dae confidence as to the just- 
 ness of our cause, and the interposition of an over-ruling Providenc- 
 in our behalf. So i^uch so, in fact, as to have paralized and defeated 
 some of the most important schemes and measures for the prosecution 
 of an aggressive war, which is ihe only means of saving our soil from 
 invasion, and obtaining an honorable peace. We are now paying dearly 
 for inactivity, for an uuwise defense policv, and truitless, we might say. 
 though in other words it will be fruitful— but in the cost and price of 
 much blood and treasure. 
 
 Go on. Sir, go on! should have been our maxim from the earliest 
 commencement cf our national struggle for independence. Arago says 
 in his Autobiography, that his master in mathematics has a word or 
 two of advice which he found in the binding o( one of hia text-books. 
 Puzzled and discouraged by the difficulties which he met with in his 
 early studies, he was almost' ready to give over the pursuit. Some wo'-ds 
 which he found on the waste leaf, used to stiffen the cover of his paper- 
 bound text-book, caught his eyes, and interested him. "Impelled," 
 he says, " by an indefinable curiosity, I damped the cover of the book 
 and carefully unrolled the leaf to see what was on the other side. It 
 
33 
 
 proved to be a short letter from D'Alembert to a young person dis- 
 heartened hke rnyself by the difficulties of mathematical study, who 
 bad written to him forcouasel. ' Go on, Sir, go on,' was the counsel 
 which D'Alembert gave him. Tbe difficulties you meet with dissolve ag 
 you advance. Proceed, and light will dawn and shine with iucreasinc 
 clearnetL, ou your path.' ^ 
 
 - "J^^ maxim," says Arago, " was my greatest master in mathemat- 
 ics. l^oUowing out those simple words, "Go on. Sir, go on," made 
 him the first astronomical mathematician of his aee. 
 
 Had our Cabinet pursued a policy in keeping wilh D'Alembert'^ max- 
 im— had they said to our noble army, Go ou, Sir, goon, and pursued 
 the flying Hessians in their precipitate and panic-«stricken flight from 
 Manassas, and continued a vigorous aggressive war policy against an 
 unprincipled and demoralized foe -we would now have possession of 
 every Soutnern State, and probablv would have had peace long ere 
 this. Butamultiplicitly of specuUators and contractors in army sup- 
 plies have been crowding around, and beseeching their friends in the 
 
 «^n ^^' ^° pursue a strictly defensive policy, m order to protract the war 
 to fill their pockets. Others may bave had au eve to a more effectual 
 and complete separation of tbe South from the North by a protracted 
 war. ' ^ 
 
 . THE SCENEB OF A YANKEE MAECH. 
 
 A short time previous to the final attack on Fort Henry, the Yankee?, 
 several thousand strong, marched out (o make a reconnoisance in force 
 m that direction. They went within a few miles of Fort Henry and 
 then returned. The scenes of the return march are thus described by 
 a correspondent of the Chicago Tribune: 
 
 The march has been, 1 am sorry to say, a most disgraceful one. Pil- 
 lage, arson, murder, have been its accompaniments. The population 
 have fled precipitately before the approach of the column, and their 
 houses have been stripped of everything portable— useful or otherwise 
 —and that which was not portable has been destroyed. One fine coun- 
 try residence was burned to the ground, and another was fired and par- 
 tially burned, a tine tobacco house was laid in rams. From tbe village 
 of Mayfield to the Tennes.'ee river, if there is a domestic fowl, ca'f, pig, 
 or anything living that could furnish toed for men du>guGted with Lard 
 bread and salt meat, left alive, it is because it failed of being discov- 
 ered. Tbe villaga of Murray was litterally pillaged of every thing. — 
 Stores, shops and houses were broken open, and everything that could 
 appeal to a soldier's fancy was taken away. We have been followed in- 
 to this camp by scores of farmers searching for mules and horses 
 that have been driven oti" by the straggling soldiers. A general order 
 has been ispupd to commanders of regiments to have all such j-roperly 
 turned loose before leaving this place. A straggling soldier on the 
 march, was accosted by a citizen on discovering him behind his premi- 
 ses, when words rau high, resulting in a taunt from the citizen that the 
 Yankee soldiers were all d—d cowaVds, whereupon tbe soldier delib- 
 erately fixed his bayonet, and ran the citizen through, killing him in* 
 slantly. ^ It is reported that a citizen of Mayfield was shot by the solr 
 diery. Still another case of a person being killed between Murray and 
 this placets reported The citizens, maddened to frenzy, have finally 
 armed themselves as best they can, and are hanging on our rear, shoot- 
 ing down stragglers. Pickets are also suffering the consequences of 
 this inhuman warfare. Two pickets of the second Hlinois cavalry, who 
 were out night before last, have not returned nor been heard from. 
 
33 
 
 The eonBequeDCcs of such a march through territory of which a por^ 
 »ton of the iahabitaats at least are friends, and all sought to be made 
 >>uch, must be apparent to all. Our cnpuiics will be multiplied, and our 
 friends proportiouately decr-^asod. Tne people of Western Keutucky 
 bave had a severe lesson, and will ever hereafter shudder at the an- 
 nouncement of the approach of the Federal army. 
 
 The above is an account furnished a Lincoln paper by a Vankec cor^* 
 respondent. Verily by their own deeds and words they are condemned. 
 All civilized mankind should know the motives and barbarities of oiir 
 ruthless and mercenary foe. 
 
 SHARP SABRES FOR CAVALRY- 
 
 Capt. Nolan, who \vas killed in the celebrated charge on the Russian 
 hne at Bulaklava, before Sebastopol, by the "Light Bric;ade," was con- 
 sidered one of the ablest cavalry olGcers iu the British army. Havini; 
 seen mnch .••ervice in the Oriental war*, his experience there, suggested 
 many improvements, and the f>>llo\ving, which we (;0[)V from ao old 
 Lnglish paper, may be.valuable t > us in the present state o! atlairs, when 
 we must largely depend upon irregular cavalry to harass the enemy in 
 Tennessee and elsewhere, and confine him to the towns and torts he 
 may hold : 
 
 Capt. Nolan would improve this arm of our cavalry, -and especially 
 desires to see that an end should be put to the existing method of getting 
 the sword edge as blunt as the top ot a five barred gate before the sol- 
 dier is sent out to meet his enemy. The blunting of the swords iu the 
 steel scabbaids is no theoietical disadvantage to the cavalry arm in 
 I'Juropean armies. The use of wooden scabbards, which have been 
 found to be no less durable, or more likely to break than those of steei, 
 would get nd of a defect, the seriousness of which is suggested to ii> 
 very forcibly in the succeeding extract: 
 
 When I was in India, an engagement between a party of the N'izim'.s 
 irregular horse ana a numerous body of insurgents took place, in which 
 ihe horsemen, though greatly inferior in numbers, defeated the R-ibii- 
 lasjwith great slaughter. 
 
 My attention was drawn particularly to Ihc fight by the doctor's re 
 port of the killed and wounded, most of whom bad suffered by the 
 svvord; and in the column of remarks, such entries as the follovnig 
 were numerous: 
 
 " Arm cut ftom the shoulder." 
 
 "Head severed "' 
 
 " Both hands cut oft'— apparently at one blow— above the wr'st^, m 
 holding up the hands to protect the head." 
 
 " Leg cut off above the knee," &c., &c. 
 
 I was astonished. "Were these men giants, to lop of limbs thus wii-tit- 
 sale? or was the result to be attributed, as 1 was told, to the sharp edge 
 of the native blade, and the peculiar way of drawing it? 
 
 1 became anxious to see those horsemen of the N zam, t(» examiue 
 their wonderful blades, and learn the art ol lopping otf men's limb -. 
 
 Opportunity soon offered- for the Commander-in-Chief went to Hys 
 derbad on a tour of inspection, on which 1 accompauied him. After 
 passing the Kistua river, a squadron of these horsemen joined the c imp, 
 as part of the escort. 
 
 And now fancy my astonishment! 
 
34 
 
 The sword blades they had were chiefly old dragoon blades cast from 
 our service. The men bad mounted them after their own fashion. The 
 hilt and handle — both of metal — small in the grip, rather flat — not round 
 like ours, where the edge seldom falls true ; they all had an edge like a 
 razor from heel to point, were worn in wooden scabbards, a short, single 
 sling held them to the waist belt, from which a strap passed through the 
 hilt to a button in front, to keep the sword steady, and prevent it flying 
 out of the scabbard. 
 
 The swords are never drawn except in action. 
 
 Thinking the wooden scabbards might be objected to as not suitable 
 for campaigning, I got a return from one of those regiments, and found 
 the average of broken seaboards below that of the regulars, who have 
 steel ones. The steel is snapped by a kick or a fall; the wood being 
 elastic, bends. They are not in the man's way -,' when dismounted, they 
 do not got between bis legs and trip him up ; they make no noise— a 
 soldier on sentry of a dark night might move about without betraying 
 his position to an enemy by the clauKing of the rings against the scab- 
 bard. All that rattling noise in column, which announces its approach 
 when miles off, and makes it so difficult to hear a word of command in 
 the ranks, is thus got rid of ; as well as the necessity of wrapping straw 
 or hay round tbe scabbards, as now customary when engaged in any 
 service in which an attempt is to be made to surprise the enemy. 
 
 An old trooper of the Nizam's told me the old broad English blades 
 were in great favor with them, when mounted and kept as above de*' 
 scribed ; but as we wore tbeni they were good for nothing in their hands. 
 I said : 
 
 " How do you strike with your swords, to cut ofi' men's limbs ?" 
 
 " Strike hard, sir!" said the old trooper. 
 
 "Yes, of course, but how do you teach the men to use their swords in 
 that particular way V" (drawing it.) 
 
 *• We never teach them any way, sir; a sharp, sword will cut in any 
 one's hand ! " " 
 
 Had our men wore aims like these in the Sikh war, the enemy's 
 horsemen would not have met them with such confidence in single com- 
 bat ; their trenchant blades woul(5 have inspired respect — the use of 
 them would have carried terr.jr into the ranks of the foe. 
 
 It IS well known that beyond the effect of the moment severe wounds 
 inflicted in action have a depressing moral effect on the enemy. 
 
 In a pamphlet, published in Boriin, on cavalry matters, it is stated 
 that in 1842 the wounds intiic'ed by the Russian horsemen inspired such 
 awe that nothing but the point ot honor and e-^pjit du corps could bring 
 the Prussian hoise toclos'i with them 
 
 Oaptain Fitzgerald, of the 14th Uragnons, rtccivod a sword wound at 
 Ramnugger, from the effects of which he died. A Sikh, on foot, 
 crouched under a shield, cut at him from behind. The sword exposed 
 the spinal marrow, entering the skull at the same time. 
 
 A huge drugoon of the regiment was found quite dead— his head had 
 dropped forward from a cut on the btck of the neck, which had severed 
 the spine; and at this very action, it is said, that whilst our poor fellows 
 labored in vain to draw blood, a toucti from the Sikh's sword across 
 the arm or leg left the bold Knglishmeu at their mercy, and they soou 
 hacked them to pieces. 
 
 One ofhcer, who was in the campaign, said he saw an English dragoon 
 putting his hands to the reins, to try and turn his horse, when a native 
 horseman, dropping his sword across them, took off both hands above 
 the wri<?t. 
 
 A Sikh, after the retreat of our cavalrv at Chiilianwalla, galloped up 
 to the horse artillery, cut down and killed the two men on the leading 
 
 M* 
 
35 
 
 horse of tbe guo, one after the other, and approached (he third— a cool 
 fellow who, seeing how badly his comrades had conoe off with their 
 swords, instead ot drawing his, stuck to his whip, with which he flogged 
 off his assailant's horse, and thus saved hiniself. 
 
 A squadron of the 3d Dragoons charged a goel of Sikh horsemen, uns 
 der Major Unette, and he himself told me that they opened out, giving 
 just sufficient room for the tquadron to enter. The diagoon on tbe 
 left of the :ront rank, going in at the charge, gave point at tbe Sikh 
 next him; the sword stuck in the lower part of his body, but did not 
 penetrate suflBciently to disable hmi ; so the Sikh cut back, hit the dra-» 
 goon across the mouth, and took his head off. 
 
 Jjct us by all means have sharp sabres, with scubbards as above 
 stated, for'we have plenty of good horsemen to use them tn the des- 
 truction of our dastardly too. T, lU 
 
 Would that I could wield teu thousand sabres, I declare, as I live, they 
 should all be drawn with the most deadly aim and purpose, until every 
 foot of Southern soil were freed from the polluting tread of fiincoln's 
 vandalic Hessian hircliug?. 
 
 ; THE MECHANIC. 
 
 Having been a mechanic ever since our school- days, we take the 
 liberty to say a few words in their defence. We say defence, becauee 
 we know mechanics are looked upon by many as au order of beings, a 
 little inferior to some being;s who were born (whether fortunately or uu- 
 fortunately is a matter of doubt,) with a silver spoon iu their mouthn. 
 We should like to ask these people what they would do without mechan- 
 ics in their thousand and one vocations V What single blessing do yeu 
 enjoy aside from the spontaneous productions of bounteous nature, in 
 which the mechanic has no hand V Your churches are built and bcauti- 
 tied by him, the Bible that rests upon the pulpit has passed through his 
 hands. Your rail-roads, your magnetic telegraphs, vour stcamboato, 
 your fleets and your manufactories, are all planned by his brain, and put 
 into shape by his hands. You depend upon him for your halls of learn- 
 ing, your repositories of art, your libraries, and cvcu for your written or 
 printed language in any form whatever. Your homos, with every inter- 
 nal article of convenience or taste, emanate from him. 
 
 To-day the timber stands iu its native forests— to-morrow it is con- 
 verted by the mechanic's skill into multifarious forms ot utility and 
 beauty. The very coat on your back, once wool, was carded, s}>un, wos 
 ven and finished by mechanical skill. No "iie who has about him the 
 attributes of a man ever turns up his^nosc at a mechanic ; but among the 
 female portion of the community wc sec contempt for the artizan. La- 
 dies! will vou inform us what class of people you depend on the most 
 to enable you to make an agreeable appearance in society? Is it the 
 minister, the lawyer, the doctor, the gentleman of wealth and leisure, 
 or the despised mechanic and laborer, male or female ? The silks, the 
 laces and the gew-gaws with which you deck your persons, tbe books 
 with which you store your minds with knowledge, or pass a leisure 
 hour, all come from them. And the rings, set with diamonds and prC' 
 cious stones, you love so well to display, and often even the color to your 
 cheeks, comes from the skill of the mechanic. 
 
 Then I say, give them credit for all they deserve, and encourage them 
 as they toil on from day to day, working under God, such wonderful and 
 beneficial changes in all the departments of life. We say wonderful. 
 Could the public understand and feel how many discouragements the 
 thinking, inventing mechanics labor under, they would wonder in truth 
 at his perseverance. They toil on day alter day; they, too, burn the 
 
' midnight oil,' and all that they realise from the pubHc is a mere pit- 
 tance of what they deserve, and even that i3 almost forced from those 
 who receive the principal benefit of all their discoveries. 
 
 iSoriHERN Confederation. 
 
 THE BATTLE CRY OF THE SOUTH. 
 
 BY JAMES R. KANDALL, 
 
 Arm jonrseUes and be valiant men, and see that we be m readmess 
 against tbo morning, that je may fight with these nations that are as- 
 sembled against us, to destroy us and our sanctuary. 
 
 For It is better for us to die'in battile than to behold the calamities of 
 our people and our sanctuary.— (Maccabees, 1.) 
 
 Brothers! the thunder cloud is black, 
 
 And the wail of the South wings fonh ; 
 Will ye cringe to the hot tornado's rack, 
 
 And the vampires of the North? 
 Btnke! ye can with a martyr's goal ; 
 
 Strike 'with a ruthless hand— 
 StrikftI with the vengeance of the soul 
 For your bright, beleaguered land! 
 
 To arms! to arms! for the South needs hop, 
 
 And a craven is he who flees — 
 tor ye have the sword of ihe Lion's Whelp, ^ 
 And the God of the Maccabees! 
 
 Arise ! though the stars have a rugged glare, 
 And the moon has a wrath-blurred crown— 
 Broihersl a blessing is ambushed there, 
 
 Iii the cliffs of the Faihei'a frown : 
 Arise! ye are worthy the wondrous I'ght 
 
 Which the Sun of Justice gives— 
 In the caves and sepulchres of night 
 Jehovah, the Lord King lives! 
 
 To arms! to arms! tor the South needs help, 
 
 And a craven is he who flees— 
 For ye have the sword of the Lion'-d Whelp, 
 And the God o( the Maccabees ! 
 
 Think of the dead by the Tennessee, 
 
 Id their frozen shrouds of gore- 
 Think of the mothers who shall see 
 
 Those darling eyes uo more! 
 Bui better are they in a neio grave 
 
 Than the serfs of time and breath, 
 F.ir they are the Children of the Brav(^ 
 Aui! the Cherubim of Death! 
 
 To arms! tu arms ! for the South ueeda help. 
 
 And a craven is he who flees— 
 Fur ye have the sword of the Lion's Whelp, 
 And t!ie God of the Maccabees! 
 
 * The surname of the great Maccabees. 
 
37 
 
 Better the cbaraels of the West, 
 
 And a hecatomb of lives, 
 Than the foul invader as a guest, 
 
 'Mid your sisters and your wives— 
 
 But a spirit lurketh in every maid, 
 
 Though, brothers, ye should quail, 
 To sharpen a Judith's lurid blade. 
 And the livid spike of Jael ! 
 
 To armsl to arms! (or the South needs help, 
 
 And a craven is he who flees — 
 For ye have the sword ot the Lion's Whelp, 
 And the God of the Maccabees ! 
 
 Brothers I I see you tramping by, 
 
 With the gladiator gaze, 
 And your shout is the Macedonian cry 
 
 Of the old heroic days I 
 March on ! with trumpet and with drum, 
 
 With rifle, pike and dart, 
 And die — if even death must come — 
 Upon your couctiy's heart. 
 
 To arms I to arms ! for the South needs help 
 
 And a craven is he who flees — 
 For ye have the sword of the Lion's Whelj) 
 And the God of the Maccabets ! 
 
 Brothers! the thunder cloud is black, 
 
 And the wail of the South wings forth ; 
 Will ye cringe to the hot tornado's rack. 
 
 And the Vampires of the North? 
 Strike! yc can win a martyr's goal, 
 
 Strike ! with a ruthless hand ; 
 Strike! with the vengeance of the soul 
 For your bright, beleaguered land 1 
 
 To arms ! to arms! for the South ncciK, hdj 
 
 And a craven is he who flees — 
 For ye have the sword of the Limi's Whelp 
 And the God of the Maccabees! 
 
 Never Say Dit.— In the lievoluticn there was more tiuflerin^ nod 
 more destitution than will happen to ns if the war should lust for titty 
 years. We are in a bet (or position for carrying on a war than almost 
 every other people, and should be the last to complain of hardships. 
 What if Ea!i;!aucl. France, and other foreitrn nations stand ia their own 
 light, and do no*. rcct><:r!iz3 us, au'i allow the Federal fleet to close 
 our ports ! Are wt; not inpiring them as much, if not more, than they 
 can possibly damage ns? Trur, it would be very pleasant to bavt' 
 dcily arrivals of vessels in our ports, loaded with the niiinv a'tides 
 that would add to the eth'neocy of our army and the ciniCori of our 
 people. Bui as long as it is not so, we should enduro it. We are in 
 R3 holy a struggle— one in which as many interests of the present, as 
 well as future generations, are involved -as were those who marched 
 birefoot through the snow and left behind them tracks of blood. If 
 18 not likely that such a thirg wi.l happen to our soidiers, fit Irast for 
 a long time to come. — Montgomery Mail. 
 
 January 18, 1862. 
 
^ 38 
 
 OUK KEVOLUTION, 
 
 Termed a great rebellion b}' the Lincoln editor of tbe Chicago Tri.. 
 bune, m his issue of the 11th December, IS*)], gives the following short 
 paragraph of reference : 
 
 " Tbe budget of news from the South we are able lo prei-eut this 
 moruing, will -be found unusually full and interesting, and from all tbe 
 principal points of yecessia. Such news should be read, to givp an 
 adequate idea of (he great rebellion ; that in the mouths past, while war 
 baa been in progress, the South has been developing resources, and 
 muscularizing its power of self-support and resistance. It is stronger 
 to-day than it was six months ago. The Government and the people 
 of the loyal States must understand this thing as it is, and learn that if 
 we have any hopes of crushing out the rebellion and restoring the na'' 
 tionai boundaries, it must be by the use of tbe means God has given us, 
 and the rules of war allow, and wo are fast getting over our squeamish- 
 ness on the point. 
 
 The truth is dawning on the North, and it is beginning to realize the 
 (act so mortifying to its vanity and swelling pride, that the " universal 
 Yankee nation" is no longer universal on this continent; but that 
 there is another Power la North America, a strong, self-reliant, inde- 
 pent Power, which divides tbe empire of the West with it, and defies 
 Its worst efforts to strangle the inlunt Hercules in the very cradle of 
 his birth. It is beginning to comprehend the magnitude and hopeless- 
 ness of its subjugation undertaken by any practice of ordinary warfare, 
 aud to confess to itself that its enemy is too 'ruich for it. 
 
 The wiser men o! tbe North begin to see, iu the initiatory develop- 
 ment of our internal resources for supporting a sudden and tremen- 
 dous conflict which found us utterly unprepared, save in spirit, the ex- 
 istence of capacities which promise our country vast consequence and 
 wealth iu peace as well as in war. Tbe conviction is forcing itself upon 
 their senses, that as a rival power, the South will be the strongest on 
 this continent, enabled by her own strength, and by the favor which 
 she is able to purchase ot European Powers in the reciprocities of corns 
 luerce, to treat the North with decisive independence rf action in in-« 
 terDaiinijal relations, and fo command the terms of maintenance of 
 friendly lelations. 
 
 Foreiieeing this future, the politiciaus of the North are willing to ems 
 ploy the most barbarous and merciless means in a great, final effort to 
 crush ihe rising Power in the infancy of her nationality ; so earnest are 
 they iu this purpose, aud so fervent is their hate and passion, that 
 wrong is become right in their convictions, aud all instincts and teach- 
 ings of humanity, Christianity, and self-respect, are classed as"pqueam- 
 ishness," because thev militate against their assumed pohcy, and their 
 fierce desires for bloody revenge. It is well for us that our ruthlesn 
 enemies do not pos?css the power which they fancy they can wield ot 
 exterminating our people amid the fire and slaughter of st-rvile insur- 
 rection. Did (hey possess this power they would use it, without doubt, 
 aud with ehouts of joy consign us all— men, women, and children—to 
 destruction. The deluded population of the North, wearied with the 
 war, and mortified by aclvcrscs, are beginning to clamor to their gnv« 
 ernmeut to exercise the power which ii has assured them it possesses, 
 and utterly destroy the Southernlpeople. They are constantly receiving 
 their punishment for presumption and cruelty, but the future has in 
 store for them a measure of woe which they must drain to its bitter 
 dregs of shame, beggary aud anarchy." 
 
39 
 
 VALUABLE EECIPES. 
 
 How TO Make Good Botter.— Now that the South is forced to supply 
 itself wifh butter, some hints as to the process m making it will be 
 found useful. 
 
 The first great essential in butter making is cleanliness. The milks 
 house, spring-house, vault, or whatever the i»lace in which milk iskept, 
 should be clean and sweet in every particular. The walls should be 
 whiie.^washed at least every three or four weeks, and the arrangements 
 for ventilation should be such as will give, whenever desired, full in- 
 gress to fresh air. Ture, swet-t air, is absolutely necessary to the mak- 
 ing of pure sweet butter. The milk vessels must also be kept per- 
 fectly clean. This can only be done by regular and frequent washicp, 
 scalding and scouring, and drying in tnc sun. 
 
 iSkimmingof the cream, is the nextpoint of importance. Itshould 
 be done wiih great care; taking as little of the niilk with it as pcssi.- 
 ble. The purer the cream, the better the butter wi 11 be and easier the 
 churning. The cream should be churned, at the furtherest, at thirty- 
 six Lours from the time it is drawn trom the cow. If Icfi R longer 
 tirne, the cream assumes a strong taste, which spoils the flavor of the 
 butter. Besides that, it is more difficult to churn. 
 
 The tempeialurc of the cream is also very important, and should re- 
 ceive the dairy woman's close attention, if she wishes to save her?elf a 
 large outlay of time and labor. From 55 to 60 deg. is abcut^hc temr. 
 peratuie. If below this, the buttery particles do not separate readily, 
 and if above it, the color, flavor and consistency of the butler are all 
 injured. 
 
 When the butter begins to form, a little cold water should be poured 
 into the churn, and the dasher moved slowly back and forth, in order 
 to prevent the butter from closing too rapidly, while at the same time 
 il gives every particle of cream a chance to furnish its quota of butter. 
 
 Where in the winter season, but few cows are kept, and it is not con" 
 venirnt i(< have the milksroom slightly warmed, as is usually done in 
 large d.iines, it is advisable to place the cream by the stove, keeping it 
 well stirred, so that the temperature may be the same throughout the 
 cuiiie «iuantiiy. A thermometer should be regardedas an indiepensi- 
 ble Jippfudngc to every dairy. Where a thermometer is not convcnif ut, 
 the proper temperature of the cream may be pretty closely determined 
 by testing it with the finger. It should not feel quite so warm as new 
 milk. 
 
 Upon the proi>cr working of butter depends much of its superiority 
 Machiu! s for the purpose have been invented, but where the quantity 
 to work IS not hirgo, the butterxspoon or ladle will answer every pur' 
 po.sc. ri(j long as a drop of milk, however minute, oozes from the mass 
 when cut down with the spoon, so long should the working be con - 
 tinned. 
 
 There is no fixed rule fur salting butter, some preferring more, and 
 some less salt. An ounce of salt to the i)ound, is the quantity general- 
 ly used. After the salt has been worked in, the butter should beat 
 lowed to stand twenty-four hours, and then be worked over again. By 
 the second working, it is not only rendered more solid and compact, 
 but the salt is more thorougtily incorporated, the streaks are avoided 
 and the butter will keep sweet a longer time. 
 
 A Preventivk for Pneumonia. — Take one tcaspoonful of flour of sul- 
 pher every night on going to bed. 
 
40 
 
 TO PEESERVE BUTTER 
 
 Take two quarts of best common salt, one ounce of sugar, one ounce 
 saltpetre, all linely pulverized and dry; then thoroughly mix the whole 
 together and take one ounce of ihe mixture for each pound of butter, 
 work well into the mass and close it up for use. 
 
 It should be remembered that butter ihus prepared requires to stand 
 a month before rt is ready for use. If it is sooner opened the salt is 
 not suflSciently blended with it, and sometimes the coolness of the salt- 
 petre will be perceived, which. totally disappears afterwards. 
 
 Butter being prepared for immediate use, had better be put up with- 
 out the saltpetre, but the sugar in the proportions above given, may be 
 used with great advantage, as the sugar gives butler an extra good 
 flavor, and has a tendency to keep it sweet, and prevent its becoming 
 rancid. 
 
 This receipe I obtained from au old doctor, a resident practitioner 
 in South-western Texas, with whom I remained several months in the 
 winter of 1S60. One morning at breakfast, I expressed particular 
 fondness for bis butter, with the remark that I thought it more sweet, 
 and having a better flavor than any I had ever before tasted. Where- 
 upon the doctor informed me it was of his own curing, and would keep 
 good a long time, (several years ) During the summer months he usu- 
 ally cures his butter and lays up a supply for the winter. After much 
 perseve*rence I succeeded in obtaining the secret. liutter thus pros 
 pared can be preserved in any climate. 
 Respectfully, 
 
 II. W. R. JACKSON. 
 
 Home-made Soap and yrAKCH.— A lady sends us the following simple 
 and useful recipe for making soap and starch : 
 
 Put up the bones of everything for a fortnight, and then boil them in 
 strong lye, skimming as the grease rises. The next day, boil the grease 
 with strong lye until it becomes soap. Put some lime in the lye-barrel, 
 and it makes much better soap. All of my starch is soft hominy or 
 gruel strained. If you have not come to it yet try it. How much thia 
 war will teach us!— (Charleston Mercury.) 
 
 A email quantity of lime put into the ashes through the entire barrel, 
 as the lye-barrel is -being prepared or set up, will make stronger lye, 
 cmsequently better soap. A very smalljquantity of salt added to the so.* 
 tond boiling, will hasten the thickening of the soap. H. W. R. J. 
 
 Tomato Catsup. . . Have the tomatoes ripe and fresh o8' the vines, waah 
 them clean in cold water, and put them immediately into the kettle, 
 crushing each one in the hand as it is dropped in ; hang them over the 
 fire and stir occasionally, until they boil about five minutes; then strain, 
 tirst through a cullender, and next through a sieve. Get the liquid over 
 the tire again soou as possible, boil, skim and stir, until it is reduced at 
 least one-half— if two-thirds, all the better; add to every gallon of this 
 condensed liquor two teafSpoonsful of salt, half an ounce of cayenne 
 pepper, some of black pepper, and cloves, a pint good cider vinegar, with 
 any other spice to palate. We prefer an ounce of mace, and four ounces 
 of cinnamon, to the gallon. Catsup prepared this way tastes of the 
 tomato, and will keep for years, either in bottles or a large stone jug. 
 When required for use. Just shake it, and pour out. 
 
41 
 
 Stabch of Home Mandfacture.— We commend the following recipe 
 for making starch to all who may wish to try it, it having been furnished 
 us by one who has tried it, and who knows it to be a good one. This 
 starch will be found as good an article as that which comes from Yan- 
 keedoodledom ; 
 
 Take a peck of unground wheat of the best quality ; pick and soak it 
 carefully. Next put into a tub ; pour on sutficient clear, soft water to 
 cover it, and then set it in the suo. Be sure t3 change the water every 
 day, keeping it in the Bun as much as possible, or an equally warm place 
 in the house, should the weather prove unfavorable. When all the 
 grains ot wheat have become quite soft, rub it well in your hands, and 
 separate it from the husks, which must be thrown into another tub. 
 Let the soft wheat settle in a mass, and then pour oft" the water and put 
 on fresh ; stir it well, and let it settle again. Repeat this every day, till • 
 the last water comes o!f clear and colorless. Then poor the water finally 
 off. Take the starch out of the tub, collect it in a thin bag, and hang it 
 for a few days in the sun ; after which spread on dishes or a sheet to 
 dry.— NaihotUe Gaz-dte. 
 
 Meat Preserved in Molasses. — " Sugar- cured hams" have long been 
 in fashion in this country. They are moderately salted, and sugar or 
 molasses added to assist in their preservation. In France, all sorts of 
 fresh meats have be^^n. L'Invention asserts, that meat may be pre** 
 ser ved by molasses alone in the most perfect manner, and witti the foN 
 lowing inDportant advantages: It has aft agreeable flavor, it produces 
 no scurvey or other disorders which result from the usy of salt food, 
 aud it maybe prepared at a moderate price. The process consists simp- 
 ly in cutting the meat into pieces ot moderate size, and dropping them 
 into molasses, such as is obtained from the sugar manufactoriea and 
 refineries. By a natural process of osmose, the lighter juices of the 
 meat pass out, and the heavier molasses penetrates inward to every 
 part of the meat. When the external molasses has acquired a certain 
 degree of liquidity from th« mix'ure ot the juices of the meat, it is a 
 sure sign that the meat is thoroughly impregnated. It is now taken 
 out of the molasses, thoroughly washed, and hung in a current of air 
 to dry. After it is completely dry it may be packed in boxes and sent 
 all over the world without experiencing any change whatever. 
 
 This mode of preserving aieat is an item" worthy of much considera- 
 tion, and particularly so, should our national struggle for independ- 
 ence be prolonged. A planter may kill his beef or pork in the midst 
 of summer, cut up his meat in moderate sized pieces, (while full of 
 animal heat, before it cools if he chooses,) and treat as stated m the 
 foregoing. It is decidedly the most economical and safest way to cure 
 meat. 
 
 If a barrel or half barrel of molasses is used for the above process of 
 preserving meats, pork and beef, it may be u«cd a number of liaiec?, for 
 the curring of several successive quantities of meat, without material 
 injury to the molasses. When, however, a thin watery liquid will form 
 on the surface, which may be taken off and giyen to hogs, making ex- 
 cellent slop; thus it will bo seen Ibat this mode of preserving meat la a 
 very economical one. 
 
 To Destroy Cutting Ants in Gardens or Orchards. — Sprinkle a small 
 quantity of corosive sublimate upon the ant hill, and into the holes 
 thereof. This will effectively destroy them. The cutting ant is very 
 numerous and destructive in some of the Southern States, and particus 
 larly in Texaf?. 
 
42 
 
 Economy in Bread.. .Twenty-six pounds and thirteen ounces of good 
 bread have been made from fourteen pounds of flour, and one and a half 
 pounds of rice, by the following method: Tie up the rice in a thick 
 linen bag, allowing it ample room to swell, boil for three or four hours, 
 until it becomes a smooth paste; mix this while warm with the flour, 
 adding the usual quantity of yeast and salt ; allow the dough to rise near 
 the fire, and divide into loaves. It is afllrmed, on high authority, that 
 flour thus treated, will yield fifty per c<iat. more bread than by the ordi- 
 nary method. 
 
 Drying Sweet Corn.— When the corn is fully grown and filled with 
 milk, gather it, and with a sharp knife cut ofl' the grain.s close to the 
 cob. Spread it in tin baking pans, and place it around the stove, and 
 dry as soon as possible. When thoroughly dried, put it into a coarse 
 cotton bag, keeping it near the stove, oceasioually shaking it up, so as to 
 have it thoroughly dry. Keep it in a dry place until wanted fur use. 
 When wanted for cooking, put it in warm water, or equal parts of milk 
 and water is preferable, and let it swell out. Cook it 15 or 20 minutes, 
 and bring it to table seasoned with butter, salt and pepper to taste. 
 
 A good substitute for coflee is sweet potatoes prepared according to 
 he following directions : 
 
 Cut the potatoe in slices after peeling uud washing; diied, burnt, and 
 ground like ordinary coflee. 
 
 The common garden beet is*.lso a good substitute, may be prepared 
 iu the same way as the sweet potato. In preparing for use Ireai as or- 
 dinary coffee. 
 
 A Substitute for Foreign TeA.—Mcssn. Editors: Absent from the 
 city for some days, I have taken occaiion again to test the New Jersey 
 tea tree, (C'am&i/iWs J^me;'/mwcf,) as a substitute for foreign tea. I bad 
 before reported it as an indifferent substitute. On this occasion, I am 
 glad to report it as a most excellent article, to be used in war times, in 
 place of a high priced commodity, which, in every respect it closely 
 resembles, if it does not equal. AH of us find the flavor of the indige- 
 nous plant to be most excellent, and without that peculiar taste peculiar 
 to most teas made of herbs. 
 
 Without any desire to exaggerate, I commend the substitute. It 
 jjrows abundantl}- in our pine lands. The tea prepared from this shrub, 
 draw n as common tea, is certainly a good substitute for indifferent black 
 tea. Properly dried i\nd prepared, it is certainly better than none. 
 
 8t. .Johns, H. C, October 9th, 18G1. 
 
 To Makb an Excellent \*east.— Mix two quarts of soft water with 
 wheat flour to the consistence of thick gruel ; boil it gently for half an 
 hour, and when almost cold stir into it half a pound of sugar and four 
 spoonsful of good yeast. Put it into a large jug or earthen ves.sel with 
 a narrow top and place it before the fire so that it may by a moderate 
 heat ferment. The fermentation will throw up a thin liquor, which 
 pour off' and throw away, the remainder keep for use iu a cool place in 
 a bottle or jug tied over. The same quantit}' as of common yeast will 
 suffice to baKe with. Four spoonsful of this will moke a fresh quai'tity 
 as before. By this receipe a constant supply of yeast may be kept oii 
 hand in every household, with but little care, the process being very 
 .simple it is within the reach of every family, requiring no Irish pota- 
 toes, which are not to be had for love nor money in many parts of the 
 Southern Confederacy. This makes an excellent veast, and has always 
 been used in our family. " H. W. R. Jackson. 
 
43 
 
 Parched Corn, Valuable Information- jor Gderillas.. .Several 
 years ago we travelled in a stage with the Hod. David Hubbard, of North 
 Alabama, who served throughout the Seminole war, and with his uner- 
 ring rifle, killed many redskins. From him we derived the following 
 information, which we publish for the benefit of those who may be 
 about embarking in guerilla warfare, and our soldiers generally, when 
 provisions are scarce or cannot with convenience be transported in suffi- 
 L-icnt quantity. Mr. Hubbard said that he and others often went out 
 bcouting for several days at a time, taking a quart or more of parched 
 corn that he could conveniently carry in a belt made for the purpose, 
 sluneover the shoulder, (the weight was light) and, with his blanket 
 and Trusty rifle, sought the foe in the lagoons, and wherever else he 
 could be found. That until this method of warring was generally adopt- 
 i^d by the troops, no progress could be made in exterminating the sava- 
 ges, which proved entirely successful. He stated that a quart of parched 
 corn, with care, would subsist a soldier for a week, and not suffer much 
 hunger. The corn they parched in the ashes of their camp fires. 
 
 An Excullknt Suustitute for Con-EE...For a family of seven or 
 eight persons, take a pint of well toasted corn meal, and add to it as 
 much water as an ordinary sized coQec pot will hold and then boil it 
 well. We have tried this toasted meal coffee, and prefer it to Java or 
 Kio, inasmuch as genuine coffee does not suit our digestive organs, and 
 we have not used it for years. Many persons canuot drink coffee with 
 impunity, and we advise all such to try our recipe. They will find it 
 more nutritious than coffee and quite as palataMe. 
 
 I'icKLED CufUMBEUs.— Put the cucuuibcrs in a jar, with layers of salt, 
 and let them remain 21 hours. Then wash them in vinegar, and let 
 I hem lay in the sun for one or two days. Put them in vinegar for afoit- 
 nigbi— then take them out-^then add boiling vinegar, pouring it on in 
 small quantities for three days. 
 
 If you desire to add any spices, they should be put in before the vine- 
 gar. 
 
 Add a small piece of alum to make the pickle firm. But they are more 
 wholesome without the alum. 
 
 Green Tomato Pickle.— Cut one peck green tomatoes in very thin 
 slices — sprinkle with salt, and let them remain a day or two, 
 lli onioDS, 
 
 I ounce black tround pepper, 
 1 " Allpice, " 
 ^4 lb. white mustacd seed, 
 pods green pepper. 
 If wanted very sharp, add \^ tea cup of grouud mustard. Cover with 
 vinegar, and let them simmer uotil the tomatoes look clear. 
 
 To Make Clarified and IIaiu> Tallow Canoles.— Put half pound of 
 alum in a large pot of water and fifty pounds of tallow. Boil slowly all 
 day, let it stand all night to cool— this is to harden it. Take out the 
 tallow and gel rid of the water as far as possible. Melt the tallow 
 " have it hoi but not boiling," and add to it the htiHof five cents worth 
 each of verdigris and red litherage. Stir it well once and let it stand 
 to cool. Rats and cats will not touch canoles thus made. If you dip 
 the wicks in spirits of turpentine you will have a brilliant light. Be 
 careful not to put loo much verdigris in the tallow, as it will soften the 
 candles again. A. F. SPALDIXG. 
 
44 
 
 WoETH Knowing.— It is said that dried fruit put away with a little 
 sassafras bark, (say a large handful to a bushel,) will save it for years, 
 unmolested by those troublesome insects that so often destroy hundreds 
 of bushels iu a season. As there will be a heavy fruit crop tbis year, it 
 would be well for farmers to remember this. 
 
 Sagamitk, Portable Food for Scouts.. .The old historiautj and trav> 
 leers, and Indian fighters, tell us of an admirable and easily portable 
 food, which the Red men always earned with tbem in their pouches 
 when on their hunting and war parties. It was a combination of In- 
 dian meal and brown sugar, three parts of the former to one of the lat- 
 ter, browned together over the fire. This food, in small quantities, not 
 only sufficed to arrest hunger, but to allaj^ thirst. This is the famous 
 sagamiie of the Red man. A few pounds in one's haversack would oc- 
 cupy Ittle space, and would serve for several days. Let our boys, here 
 and there, try the preparation in camp, and learn the uses of the article 
 before going on a march. Their friends might prepare a supply of it in 
 the cities, and forward to the camp ; and if, upon experiment, it shall 
 prove palatable, it may be prepared in any quautities. In the seige of 
 Charleston, in 1780, the people lived wholly on rice and sugar for some 
 weeks. 
 
 Blackberry Strup. — Make a simple syrup of a pound of sugar to 
 each pint of water ; next boil it until it is ricL and thick ; then add to 
 it as many pints of the expressed juice of ripe blackberries as there are 
 pounds of sugar ; put half a nutmeg grated to each quart of the syrup , 
 let it boil fifteen or twenty minotes, then add to it half a gill of fourth- 
 proof brandy, for each quart of syrup ; set it by to become cold ; then 
 bottle it for use. A table^spoonful for a child, or a wine4glas3 lor an 
 adult, is a dose. 
 
 Blackberry Wine.— The following is said to be an excellent recipe 
 for the manufacture of superior wine from blackberries: Measure your 
 berriei! and bruise them, to every gallon adding one quart of boilini: 
 water; let the mixture stand twenty-four hours, stirring occasionally ; 
 then strain off the liquor into a cask, to every gallon adding two pounds 
 of sugar; cork tight, and let stand till the following October, and you 
 will have wine ready for use, without any further straining or boiling, 
 that will make lips smack a.s they never smacked under similar influ- 
 ences before. 
 
 Soothing Drink for a Cough... Take two ounces of tig?, a;id the 
 same ot raisins and pearl barley. Boil thera together in a pint and a 
 half of water, with half an ounce of liquorice root and the game of 
 flax-seed, sweeten if desired, and take from one to four table spoonfuLs 
 as often as the severilv of the cough requires. 
 
 A Truthfl'l and Cheap Barometer. . .Take a clean glaa.? bottle and 
 put in it a small quantitv of finely pulverized alum. Then fill the bottle 
 with spirits of wine. The alum will be perfectly dissolved by tbe a.'co- 
 htjl. and in clear weather the liquid will be as transparent as the purest 
 water. Oa the approach of rain or cloudy weather, the alum will be 
 visible in a flaky spiral cloud in the centre of the fluid, reaching frcnn 
 the bottom to the surface. Tbis is a cheap, simple and beautiful ba- 
 rometer, and is placed within the reach of all who wish to possess one. 
 Por simplicity of construction, this is altogether superior to the frog 
 barometer in general use in Europe. 
 
45 
 
 Important to Gardeners.— A gardener having occasion to newly 
 paint the wood worli in the interior of his green^house, determined to 
 make trial of the theory of the absorbtion of heat by black color, with 
 the view of promoting "the maturity of his plants and shrubs by means 
 of a greater quantity of caloric. In the prtpiration of the black paiut 
 he used coal lar; that is to say, tar produced by the distillation of coal 
 in the manufacture of gas. This coal tar. besides the advantage of the 
 color, ofters considerable economy in painting, being about one eighth 
 of the price of the material generally used in mixing black paint. The 
 painting here in question was executed before the setting id of winter. 
 On the return of spring the gardener observed, with no less surprise 
 than satisfaction, that the spiders and other insects which had infected 
 his green-house had totally disappeared. He, moreover remarked that 
 a vine, trained on an aspaliar, which, for the space of two years, had 
 been sensibly decaying, which he had proposed to uproot for the pur« 
 pose of planting another in it.s place, had acquired such renewed health 
 and vigor as to be capable of producing excellent table grapes. Having 
 applied his new paint to the props, treillagcs, and espaliers of all his 
 sickly trees and shrubs, as well as those which, though in full bloom, 
 were being devoured by insects, success, again crowned his experi- 
 ment. Catterpillars and snails disajtpeared as rapidly as the insects 
 had vanished from the greenshouse. The fruits produced by the trees 
 ihus treated have elicited the approval and eulogy of purchasers.— 
 fSimilar experiments tried on the vineyards of the Gironde, have, it is 
 paid, been attended by the same excellent results.— fN. O. .Bulletin. 
 
 A Durable Paint for Oct-door Work.— To a quantity of charcoal 
 add a quantity of liihrage as a drier, to be well levigated with linseed 
 oil. The above forms a good black paint, and by adding yellow ochre 
 an excellent green is produced, which is preferable to the bright green 
 frequently used in out-door work, as it does not fade with the .«?un. 
 
 Water Proof Cloth.— Dr. J. L. Crawcour, Professor of Chemistry, 
 New Orleans, has furnished the Delta, of that city with the annexed 
 formula for rendering clothing water proaf : 
 
 1. Dissolve in twelve gallons of soft water, three and a half pounds of 
 alum, and dissolve in another twelve gallons of water the same weight 
 of sugar of lead; mix the two solutions, and an insoluble sulphate of 
 lead will be formed, and will fall to the bottom of the vessel. Decant 
 the supernatant liquid, and plunge the stuffs in it. They should be 
 strongly compressed while under the liquid, in order to expel the air 
 from the pores, and suS'ered to soak for forty- eight hours. If the stuffs 
 are saturated in avacuam-pan, it would be better. When withdrawn 
 from the liquid, they are to be dried, brushed, and pressed with a hot 
 iron. 
 
 No. 2. l3 a superior, but a more expensive process. The same fluid 
 is to be employed as in No. 1.. but before using it, the clothes are to be 
 dipped into a liquid made by dissolving twenty pounds of British guoi 
 or dextrine, and ten pounds "of white soap in fifteen gallons of boiling 
 water. The clothes should be boiled in this liquid lor a few minutes, 
 and while still wet, be emersed in liquid No, 1., and treated as specif 
 tied in process No. 1. Stuffs treated in this way are completely imper- 
 vious to water, though pervious to air, and their pliability and dura- 
 bility are remarkably increased. Instead of the British gum, a solution 
 of gelatine or glue may be employed. 
 
 A Good Core for Cough.— Vinegar and] salt mixed together. A 
 teaspoonful several times a day. 
 
46 
 
 BiTB or A Kati'lesnake Cuukd IX Two Hours. — The Petersburg Ex 
 press publishes the foUowiug from a reliable correspondent: 
 
 A carpenter, while engaged a few days ago in pulling down an old 
 house, and in removing some of the rotten timbers near the ground, wa^ 
 bitten by a rattlesnake. In a few moments his linger was swollen ti. 
 four times its Jiatural size, and a red streak commenced running up hi 
 hand and wrist. A deadly langnor came upon him, and his vision grew 
 dim, clearly indicating that the subtle poison that was coursing thiougl- 
 his veins was rapidly approaching the citadel of life. But a remeriv 
 was tried, merely by way of experiment, which, to the surprise of ail 
 present, acted like a charm, the component parts of which were onioii, 
 tobacco and salt, of equal parts, made into a poultice and applied 1o the 
 wound, and at the same time a cord was bound tightly about the wrist, 
 In two hours afterwards he had so far recovered as to be able to resume 
 his work. I know an old negro who cured a boy that had been bitte i: 
 by a mad dog, by the same application. 
 
 l.SFALLiHLB Cure for Hydrophobia., .a kSaxou forre.<?ter named Gas- 
 tell, now of the venerable age of eighty-two ; unwilling to take to the 
 grave with him a secret of so much importance, has made public in thf 
 Leipsic Journal the means which he has used for fifty years, and whpre 
 with he attirms he has rescued many human beings and cattle from tho 
 fearful death of hydrophobia. Take immediately warm vinegar or tepid 
 water, wash the wound clean therewith, and then dry it ; then pour upon 
 the wound a few drops of hydrochloric acid, because mineral acids de 
 stroy the poison of the saliva, by which means the latter is neutralized. 
 
 To Destroy Weeds or Gra.ss iv Wai-K;5 and Paths.- The following, 
 method is adopted at the mint in Paris, with good effect. Take ten gal- 
 lons of water : twenty pounds of quick lime; two pounds of sulphur; 
 and boil them in an iron vessel, let the liquor settle, and draw off the 
 clear part, and water the alleys and pavemeufs. The weeds or grass 
 will not appear for several years. 
 
 An East Method or Washing Cotto.n and Linf.n.,.To live galloo.s 
 of water add half a pound of soap, cut small; one ounce of soda ..i 
 potash ; one pint of clear lime water. Put the clothes to steep all night. 
 Rub the necks and wrist-bands of shirts, and give them a rough, oare 
 less wash. Put them into a boiler, with the above mixtnre, and boil 
 three quarters of an hour; machine well in cold water; wring them out 
 and put into blue water, and proceed as usual. In some iu^^tance-^. th*' 
 f/oiling process is repeated. Potash must be used instead ol soda, for 
 flannels. This mode of washing precludes the neces.sity of h.ird manual 
 labor, and saves two hundred per cent, in the wear and tear of clothing. 
 
 Antidote Against Poison.. .Many lives might be saved by a knowl- 
 edge of this simple recipe: A large teaspoonful of mustard, mixed, in a 
 tumbler of warm water, and svrallowed as soon as possible, acts a.? an 
 in.stant emetic, sufficiently powerful to remove all that is lodged in the 
 
 stomach. , ,. . , ,, 
 
 A quantity of magnesia or lime-water drank immediately will neu.- 
 trahze oxalic acid; corosive sublimate is quickly neutralized by white 
 of eggs ; white arsenic by hydrated oxide of iron ; administer quickly. 
 
 LocKJ\w.. .Apply a beet, fresh from the garden, pounded fine, to the 
 wound which threatens lockjaw. Renew the poultice of mashed beet, us 
 soon as its virtues become ioipaired, and continue uatil the danger is 
 over. 
 
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