■!''^t:' NOTICE , IW^i^ many ctlitiwiis of ni\' '' INFANTRY iNL) RIFLE TACTICS" having l.tt.-ly be.-n mblislied, I tliiiik h due to both the Publk' and '(iblishers io st.itc: 5.€^ That the COPYRKJIIT EDITION vf my NFANTKY and RIFLE TACTK\S, i)ublished •y S. H. GOr.TZRT. & n( )., in doHiLE, is the only COMPLETE, CORRECT )i(l REVISED EDITION, and this edition »XLY contains the improvcnicuts and changes \hich I h;nc recently made, adajiting tiie manual 1) the use of the arms generally in the hands of Ijie troops in the (^wifederate St;ites. W. J. HARDEE, Colonel Confrflrr/ttr Sffif&s Artiiy. FOKT MOKC AX, JlUK^ JHtll. 18(11. . ROOM COL. GEORGE WASHINGTON FLOWERS MEMORIAL COLLECTION DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY DURHAM. N. C. PRESENTED BY W. W. FLOWERS I S.H.GOETZELS^. CO. PIBLISIIERS A.\I) liOOKSELLEE^. JUST PUBLISHED, THE WAR IN NICARAGUA, WKITTKN BY GEN. WM. VA^ALKER, One Volume, 12mn T'loth, coniplcte $1 -"'O ilo Hnlf Cnlf. '^ f'O SONGS AND POEMS OF THK SOUTH, BY HON. A. B. 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Cloth $] 25 :o: .a^ :e^ x> :s ::s ' ® mil m mmM imm, Two V(,lu!n(s, '2 htio : $2 50 do. do. h'vo 2 CO One Vohniic, Hvo., eiiiicr Ifit or 2d soi)nriito.. 1 00 1^;^ Orders from ;i')r<)a(l ;i re l•e^Jpectt'Illly requested U) give li»B«>itiaict E>ir<;€S3«Bis <>f their Tost Of- fices, LaiuliiigK or liaili-oad Statimis. MOBILE, AI.A. '^i ^•^-^ lOC-iuaaiZ) ooDDCScai -i ju-^- THE ONLY COPYRIGHT EDITION. RIFLE INFANTRY TACTICS, REVISED AND IMPROVED Brig. Gen. W. J. HARDEE, 0. S. ARMY. FIFTH EDITION. Vol. I. SCHOOLS OF THE SOLDIER AND COMPANY INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. MOBILE: S. H. GOETZEL & CO. FIRST YEAR OF THE CONFEDERACY. THE fLOms COLLECTION - j'i li. V. a Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1861, by S. H. GOETZEL & CO. In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Alabama, for the Confederate States of America. O ^J H77891 RIFLE AND INFANTRY TACTICS. TITLE FIRST Article First. Formation of a Kegiment in order of Battlcy or in Line. 1. A Regiment is composed of ten companies, which will habitually be posted from right to left, in the following order: first, sixth, fourth, ninth, third, eighth, fifth, tenth, seventh, second, according to the rank of captains. 2. With a less number of companies the same prin- ciple will be observed, viz : the first captain will com- mand the right company, the second captain the left company, the third captain the right centre company, and so on. 3. The companies thus posted will be diesiguated from right to left, first company, second company, 31. The colonel, if absent, will be replaced by the lieutenant colonel, and the latter by themajoi". If all the Field officers be absent, the senior captain will com- mand the battalion; bnt if either be present, he will not call the senior captain to act ti- field officer, except iu case of evident necessity. 32. The quarter-master, surgeon, and other staff" officers, in one rank, on the left of the colonel, and three paces in his rear. 33. The qua rter-master sergeant, on a line with the front rank of the field music, and two paces on the right. Posts of Field Music and Band. 34. The buglers will be drawn up in four ranks, and posted twelve paces in re^ir of the file clc-jors — the left opposite the centre of the left centre company. The senior principal musician will be two paces iu front of the field music, and the other two paces in the rear. 35. The regimental band, if there be one, will be drawn up in two or four ranks, according to its num- bers, and posted five paces in rear of the field music, having one of the principle musicians at its head. Color-guard. 36. In each battalion the c(tl«;r-guard will be com- posed of eight corporals, and posted on the left of the right centre company, of which company, fi.'r the time being, the guard will make a part. 2* 10 FORMATION OF THE BATTALION. 37. The front rank will be composed of a sergeant, to be selected by the colonel, who wilf be called, for the time, color-hcarcr, with the two ranking corporals, respectively, on his right and left ; the rear rank will be composed of the three corporals next in rank ; and the three remaining corporals will be posted in their rear, and on the line of file closers. The left guide of the color company, when these three last named cor- porals are in the rank of tile closers, will be immedi- ately on their left. 38. In battalions with lesS than five companies pre sent, there will be no color- guard, and no display of colors, except it may be at reviews. 39. The corporals for the color-guard will be selec- ted from those mostdistinguishedfop regularity and pre- cision, as well in their positions under arms as in their marching. The latter advantage, and a just carriage of the person, are to be more pai-ticularly sought for in the selection of the color-bearer. General* Guides. 40. There will be two general guides in each battal- ion, selected, for the time, by the colonel, from among the sergeants (other than first sergeants) the most dis- tinguished for carriage under arms, and accuracy in marching. 41. These sergeants will bo respectively denomina ted, in the manoeuvres, right general guide, and leji general gitil: , and be posted in the line of file closers; th ' firft in rear of the right, and the second in rear of the left flMuk uf the battalion. INSTRUCTION OF THE BATTALION. ARTICLE SECOND. Instruction of the 'Battalion. 42. Every commaiuling officer is responsible for the instruction of his command. He will assemble the officers together for theoretical and practical instruc- tion as often as he may judge necessary, and when un- able to attend to this duty in person, it will be dis- charged by the officer next iu rank. 43. Captains will be held responsible for the theore- tical and practical instruction of the non-commission- ed officers, and the adjutant for the instruction of the non-commissioned statF. To this end, they will re quire these tactics to be studied and recited lesson by lesson ; and when instruction is given on the ground, each non-C(Uiimis8ione(' officer, as he explains a move- ment, should be required to put it into practical opera- tion. 44. The non-commissioned officers should also be practised in giving commands. Each command, in a lesson, at the theoretical instruction, should first be given by the instructor, and then repeated, in succes- sion, by the non-commissioned officers, so that while they become habituated to the commauds, uniformity may be established in the manner of giving them. 45. In the school of the soldier, the company officers will be the instructors of the squads; but if there be not a sufficient number of company officers present, in- telligent sergeants may be substituted; and two or 12 IN.^T1U'C'J ION or THE lUTTALfON. three squads, undei- sergeant iustriictors, be superin- tended, at the same time, by an oflieer. 46. In the school of the company^ the lieutenant colonel and the major, under the colonel, will be the piincipal instructors, substituting frequently the cap- tain of the Ciimpany, and sometimes one of the lieu- tenants; the substitute, as far as practicable, being superintended by one of the principals. 47. In the school of the battalion, the brigadier gen- eral may constitute himself the principal instructor, frequently substituting the coh)uel of the battalion, sometimes the lieutenant colonel or major, and twice or thrice, in the same course of instruction, each of the three senior captains. In this school, also, the substitute will always, if practicable, be superintended by the brigadijer general or the colonel, or (in case of a captain being tlie iustructorj, by the lieutenant colo- nel or m -jor. 48. Individual instruction being the basis of the in- struction of companies, on which that of the regiment depends, and the first principles having the greatest influence upon this individual inKtructi(m, classes of re- cruits should be watched with the greatest care. 49. Instructors will explain, in a few clear and pre- cise words, the movement to be executed; and not to overburden the memor.y of the men, they will always use the same terms to explain the same principles. 50. Tliey should often join example to precept, should keep up the attention of the men by an animii ted tone, and pass rapidly from one movement to another, as soon as that which they cart of command which causes an execution. 65. The tone of command should be animated, dis- tinct, and of a loudness proportioned to the number of men under instruction. 66. The command attention is pron< unced at the top of the voice, dwelling on the last syllable. 67. The C(»mmand of execution will be pronounced in a tone firm and brief. 68. The couunands of caution and the preparatory commands are herein distinguished by italics, those of execution by capitals. 69. Those prepai-atory commands which, from their length, are difficult to be pronounced at once, must be divided into two or three parts, with an ascending pro- gression in the tone of command, but always in such a manner that the tone of execution may be more ener- getic and elevated ; the divisions are indicated by a hyphen. The parts of command which are placed in a parenthesis, are not pronounced. TITLE SECOND. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER. General Rules and dirisum of the School of the Soldier. 70. The object of tins school being the individual and progressive instruction of the recruits, the in- structor never requires a movement to be executed until he has given an exact explanation of it ; and he executes, himself, the movement which he commands, so as to join example to precept. He accustoms the recruit t*take, by himself, the position which is ex- plained — teaches him to rectify it only when required by his want of intelligence — and sees that all the movements are performed without precipitation. 71. Each movemeut should be understood before passing to another. After they have been properly executed in the order laid down in each lesson, the instructor bo longer confines himself to that order; on the contrary, he should change it, that he may judge of the intelligence of the men. 72. The instructor allows the men to rest at the end of each part of the lessons, and oftener, if he thinks proper, especially at the commencement ; for this purpose he commands Rest. 73. .At the command Rest, the soldier is no longer required to preserve immobility, (»r to remain in his place. If the instructor wishes merely to relieve the attention of the recruit, he commands, in place— Rest : the soldier is then not required to preserve his (16) .ustraint and fatigue would be unavoidable. The body erect on the hips ; Because, it gives equilibrium to the position. The instructor will observe that many recruits have the bad habit of dropping a shoulder, of drawing in a side, or of advancing a hip, particularly the right, when un- der arms. These are defects he will labor to correct. The upper part of the body inelining foricard ; Because, commonly, recruits are disposed to do the reverse, to project the belly, and to throw back the shoulders, when they wish to h(dd themselves erect, from which result great inconveniences in marching. The habit of inclining forward the upper part of the body is so important to contract, that the instructor must enforce it at the beginning, particularly with recruits who have naturally the opposite habit. Shoulders square : Because, if the shoulders be advanced beyond the line of the breast, and the back arched (the defect SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART L '21 called rouud-ohouhkrcd, not imconimon among re- cruits,) the man cannot align himself, nor use his piece with address. It is important, then to correct this defect, rnd necessary to that end that the coat should set easy about the shoulders and arm-])its ; but in correcting this defect, the iustrnct. At the second command, which will be given at the instant when either foot is coming to the ground, the foot in the rear will be brought up, and planted by the side of the other, without shock. 100. The instructor will indicate, from time to time, to the recruit, the cadence of the step by giving the command one at the iustant of raising a foot, and ttco tit the i.istant it ought to be planted, observing the cadence of ninety steps in a minute. This me- thod will contribute greatly to impress upon the mind the two motions into which the step is natural- ly divided. 101. Common time will be employed only in the first and second parts of the School of the Soldier. As soon as tlie recruit has acquired steadiness, has become established in the principles of shouldered arms, and in the mechanism, length and swiftness of the step in common time, he will be practised only in quick time, the double quick time, and the run. 102. The principles of the step in quick time are the same as for ctmimon time, but i*-s swiftness is at the rate of one hundred and ten steps per minute. 26 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER -PART I. 103. The instructor wishing the squad to march in quick time, will command: 1. Squad, fonrard. 2. March, Lesson IV. Principles of the Douhle Quick Stej). 104. The length of the double quick step is thirty- three inches, and its swiftness at the rate of one hun dred and sixty-five steps per minute. lOo. The instructor wishing to teach the recruits the .principles and mechanisui of the double quick step, will command : 1. Douhle quick step. 2. MARCH. 106. At the first command, the recruit will raise his hands to a level with his hips, the hands closed, the nails towards the body, the elbows to the rear. 107. At the second command, he will raise to the front his left leg bent, in order to give to the knee the greatest elevation, the part of the leg between the knee and the instep vertical, the toe depressed ; he will then replace his foot in its former position ; with the right leg he will execute what has just been prescribed for the left, and the alternate movement he legs will b e continued until the command: SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART L 2^ 1. Sciuad. 2. Halt. 108. At the second command, the recruit will bring the foot which is raised by tlie side of the other, and dropping at the same time his hands by his side, will resume the position of the soldier with- out arms. 109. The instructor placing himself seven or eight paces from, and facing the recruit, will indicate the cadence by the commands, one and tico, given alter- nately at the instant each foot should be brought to the groimd, which at first will be in common time, but its rapidity will be gradually augmented. 110. The recruit being sufficiently established in the principles of this step, the instructor will com- mand: 1. Squad, foricard. 2. Double quick. 3. March. 111. At the first command, the recruit will throw the weight of his body on the right leg. 112. At the seci m 1 i L , . " ■ 1 1 SCH )0L OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. 35 fingers extended and joined ; the muzzle about two inches from the right shoulder ; the rammer in front; the toe (or beak) of the butt, against, and in a line with, the toe uf the right foot, the barrel perpendi- cular. 150. "When the instructor may wish to give repose in this position, he will command : Rest. 151. At this command, the recruits will not be re- quired to preserve silence or steadiness. 152. When the instructor may wish the recruits to pass from this position tothat of silence and steadi- ness, he will command : % 1. Attention. 2. Squad. 153. At the second word, the recruits will resume the position of order arms. Shoulder —Arms. One time and tico motions. 154. (First motion.) Eaise the piece vertically with the right hand to the height of the right breast, and opposite the shoulder, the elbow close to the body ; seize the piece with the left hand below the right, and drop quickly the right hand to grasp the piece at the swell of the stock, the thumb and fore- finger embracing the guard ; press the pifce against the shoulder with the left hand, the right arm nearly straight. 3G SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER-PART IL 155. (Second motion.) Drop the loft hand quickly by the side. Load in nine times. 1. Load.* One time and three motions. 156. (First motion.) Same as first position of present arms No. 143. (Second motion.) Carry the piece to the left side with the left hand — butt upon the ground — barrel to the front — piece inclined to the right and front rest- ing along the left thigh, muzzle six inches in front of the centre of the body — right hand grasping the piece just below the uppea band, and the left hand extending upon the pieces ( Third motion.) Seize the piece with the left hand at the muzzle and carry the right hand to the car- tridge box. 2. Handle — Cartridge. One time and one motion. 157. Seize the cartridge with the thumb and next two fingers, and place it between the teeth. 3. Tear — Cartridge. One time and one motion. 158. Tear ihe paper to the powder, hold the cart- ridge upright between the thumb and first two fin- gers, near the top ; in this position place it in front of and near the muzzle — the back of the hand to the front. *Wheuever the loadings and firings are to be executed the instructor will cause the cartridge boxes to be brought to the front. SCHOOL OF THE c^OLDI£R— PART II. 37 4. CAaro-c— Cartridge. One time and one motion. 159. Empty the powder into the barrel; di.sen- gnge the ball from the paper with the right haudaud the thumb and first two fingers of the loft; insert it into the bore, the pointed end uppermost, and press it down with the right thuuib; seize the head of the rammer with the thumb and fore-finger of the right hand, the other fingers closed, the elbows near the body. 5. Draw — Raimmer. One time and three motions. \(}(). {First motion.) mif draw the rammer by extending the right arm; steady it in this position with the left thumb; seize the rammer between the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, the thumb under and finger over the rammer; fingers extended, palm of the hand to the front. 161. {Second motion.) Clear the rammer from the pipes by extending the arm ; the raimner in prolon- gation of the pipes, palm of the hand to the front. 162. (Third motion.) Turn the rammer by clos- ing the fingers, the little end passing near the left shoulder, turning the back of the hand to the front; steady it by extending the forefinger of the right hand; place the head of the rammer on the ball, the rammer in prolongation of the barrel. 6. jRam— Cartridge. One time and one motion. 163. Insert the rammer as far as the right, and steady it in this position with the thumb of the left 38 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART 11 hand; seize the raniuier at the small end ^^•ith the thumb and fore-finger of the right hand, the back of the hand to the front; press the ball home, the el- bows near the body. 7. Return — EAMMliR. One time and three motions. 164. (First motion.) Draw the rammer half-way out, and steady it in this position with the left thumb; grasp it near the muzsle with the right hand, the thumb under, and the forefinger above the rammer, the fingers extended ; gtear the rammer from the bore by extending the arm, the palm to the front, the rammer in the prolongation of the barrel. 165. {Second motion.) Turn the rammer, the head passing near the left shoulder, the fingers closed, the rammer held between the thumb and forefinger — nails to the front; insert the rammer, until the hand reaches the muzzle. 166. {Third motion.) Force the rammer home by placing the little finger of the right hand on the head of the rammer ; extend the left hand down the piece without depressing the shoulder. 8. Prime.* One time and tico motions. 167. {First motion.) With the left hand raise the piece till the hand is as high as the eye, grasp the *If Maynard's primer be used, the command will he, load in ! 1 j /If? ' \ i SCH'K'L OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. 39 small of the stock with the right hand ; half face to the right ; place, at the same time, the right foot be- hind and at right angles with the left; the hollow of the right foot against the left heel. Slip the left hand down to the lower band, the thumb along the stock, the left elbow against the body ; bring the piece to the right side, the butt below the right fore-arm — the small of the st(»ck against the body and two inches below the right breast, the barrel upwards, the muz- zle on a level with the eye. 168. (Second motion.) Half cock with the thumb of the right hand, the fingers supported against the guard and the small of the stock— remove the old cap with one of the fingers of the right hand, and with the thunib and fore-finger of the same hand take a cap from the pouch, place it on the nipple, and press it down with the thumb ; seize the small of the stock with the right hand. 9. Shoulder — ARMS. One time and tico motions. 169. {First motion.) Bring the piece to the right shoulder and support it therewith the left hand, face eight times, and the eighth command will be, shoulder arms, and executed from return rammer, in one time and two mo- tions, as follows : {First motion.) Raise the piece with the left hand, and take the position of shoulder arms, as indicated No. 145. {Second motion.) Drop the left hand quickly by the side. 40 SCHOOL rP THE SOLDIER— PART II. to the front; hr'in^ the right heel to the side of and on a line with the left; grasp the fiiece vvirh the right hand as indicated in the position of s/ioultlfr arms. 170. (Second motion.) Drop tlie left hand (juickly by the side. Ready. One time and three motions. 171. (First motion.) Raise the piece slightly with the right hand, making a half face to the right on the left heel ; carry the right f(»(tt to the rear, and place it at right angles to the left, the hollow of it opposite to, and against the left heel ; grasp the piece with the left hfind at the lower band and detach it slightly from the shoulder. 172. (Second motion.) Bring down the piece with both hands, the barrel upwards, the left thumb ex- tended along the stock, the butt below the right fore- arm, the small of the stock against the body and two inches below the right breast, the muzzle as high as the eye, the left elbow against the side ; place at the same time the right thumb on the head of the cock, the other fingers under and against Ihe guard. 173. ( Third motion.) Cock, and seize the piece at the small of the stock without deranging the position of the butt. school of the soldier— part h. 41 Alm. One time and one motion. 174. Raise the piece with both hands, and support the butt against the right shoulder ; the left elbow down, the right as high as the shoulder; incline the head upon the butt, so that the right eye may perceive quickly, the notch of the haussee, the front sight, and the object aimed at ; the left eye closed, the right thumb extended along the stock, the fore-finger on the trigger. 175. When recruits are formed in tw^> ranks to ex- ecute the firings, the front rank men will raise a little less the right elbow, in order to facilitate the aim of the rear rank men. 176. The rear rank men, in aiming, will each carry the right foot about eight inches to the right, and to- wards the left heel of the mau next on the right, in- clining the upper part of the body forward. Fire. One time and one motion. 177. Press the fore-finger against the trigger, fire, without lowering or turning the head, and remain in this position. 178. Instructors will be careful to observe when the men fire, that they aim at some distinct object, and that the barrel be so directed, that the line of fire and 4* 42 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART . the line of sight be in the same vertical plane. They will often cause the firiyg to be executed on ground of different inclinations, in order to accustom the men to fire at objects either above or below them. Load. One time and one motion. 179. Bring down the piece with both hands, at the same time ftice to the front and take the position of load as indicated.No. 156. Each rear rank man will bring his right foot by the side of the left. 180. The men being in this position, the instructor will cause the loading to be contirmed by the com- mands and means prescribed No. 15G and follow- ing. 181. It, after firing, the instructor should not wish the recruits to reload, he will command : Shoulder-^ Arms . One time and one motion. 182. Throw up the piece briskly with the left hand and resume the position of shoulder arms, at the same time face to the front, turning on the left heel, and bring the right heel on a line with the left. 183. To accustom the recruits to wait for the com- mand ^rc, the instructor, when they are in the position of aim, will command: SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART IL 43 Recover — Arms. One time and one motion. 184. At the fiistpart of the command, withdraw the finger from the trigger ; at the command arms, retake the position of the third motion of ready. 185. The recruits being in the position of the third motion oi ready, if the instructor should wish to bring them to a shoulder, he will command : Shoulder — Arms. One time and one motion. 186. At the command shoulder, place the thumb upon the cock, the fore-fini^er on the trigger, half-cock, and seize the small of the stock with the right hand. At the command arms, bring up the piece briskly to the right shoulder, and retake the position of shoulder arms. 187. The recruits being at shoulder arms, when the instructor shall wish to fix bayonets, he will command : Fix — Bayonet. One time and four motions. 188. (First, second, and third motions.) Same as in first, second and third motions in the first time of load- ing except in the third motion the right hand is car- ried to the bayonet, grasping it, with the little finger up. ] 89. (Fourth motion.) Draw the bayonet from the scabbard, fix it, seize the piece with the right baud at 44 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART H. the muzzle, the left hand resting on the barrel, arm extended. Shoulder — ARMS. One time and two motions. 190. (First motion.) Raise the piece with the left hand and place it against the right sh(»ulder, the ram- mer to the front ; seize the piece at the same time with the right hand at the swell of the stock, the thumb and fore-finger embracing the guard, the right arm nearly extended. 191. (Second motion ) Drop briskly the left hand by ttie side. 192 The recruits being at ordered arms, if the in- structor should wish to fix bayonets, he will give the command : Fix Bayonet, when the pieces will be brought to the left side at one motion, and held as prescribed in No. 188. At the sec(»nd motion the bayonets will be fixed as in No. 189; immediately resume the position of ordered arms. Charge— Bay OSET. One time and tico inotions. 193. (First motion.) Raise the piece slightly with the right hand and make a half face to the right on the left heel ; place the hollow of the right foot oppo- site to, and three inches from the left heel, the feet square ; seize the piece at the same time with the left hand a little above the lower band. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART IL 45 194. {Second motion.) Bring down the piece with both hands, the barrel uppermost, the left elbow against the body ; seize the small of the stock, at the same time, with the right hand, which will be sup- ported against the hip ; the point of the bayonet as high as the eye. Shoulder — ARMS. One time and two motions. 195. (First motion.) Throw up the piece briskly with the left hand in fticingto the front, place it against the right shoulder, the rammer to the front ; turn the right hand so as to embrace the guard, slide the left hand to the height of the shoulder, the right hand nearly extended. 196 (Second motion.) Drop the left hand smartly by the side. Trail — ARMS. One time and two motions. , 197. (First motion.) The same as the first motion of order arms. 198. (Second motion.) Incline the muzzle slightly to the front, the butt to the rear and about four inches from the ground. The right hand supported at the hip, will so hold the piece that the rear rank men may not touch with their bayonets the men in the front rank. ^ 46 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. Shoulder — Arms. 199. At the command shoulder, raise the piece per- pendicularly in the right hand, the little finger in rear of the barrel ; at the command arms, execute what has been prescribed for the shoulder from the position of order arms. Unfz— Bayonet. One time and four motions. 200. (First and second motions.) Same as in fix bayonet. 201. (Third motion.). Same as in fix bayonet, ex- cept turn the bayonet clasp with the right thumb, grasp the shank of the bayonet with the right hand, palm under thumb and fingers extended well at the blade of the bayonet. 202. (Fourth motion ) "Wrench off the bayonet, re- turn it to the scabbard, grasp the piece at the upper band with the right hand, lower the left hand along the barrel, the arm extended without depressing the shoulder. ■# 4-7. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART H. 47 Shoulder —Arms. One time and two motions. 203. (First and second motions.) Same as from^z bayonet Nos. ]9U and 191. Secure — ARMS. One time and three motions. •204. (First motion.) The same as the first motion of support arms, No. 133, except with the right hand seize the piece at the small of the stock. 205. (Second motion.) Turn the piece with both hands, the barrel to the front; bring it opposite the left shoulder, the butt against the hip, the left hand at the lower band, the thumb as high as the chin and ex- tended on the rammer ; the piece erect and detached from the shoulder, the left fore-arm against the piece. 206. (Third motion.) Reverse the piece, pass it under the left arm, the left hand remaining at the lower band, the thumb on the rammed to prevent it from sliding out, the little finger resting against the hip, the right hand falling at the same time by the side. 48 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART H. Shoulder — ARMS. One time and three motions. 207. {First motion.) Raise the piece with the left hand, aud seize it with the right hand at the small of the stock. The piece erect and detached from the shoulder, the butt against the hip, the left fore-arm along the piece. 208. (Second motion.) The same as the second mo- tion of shoulder arms from a suppoit. 209. (Third motion.) The same as the third mo- tion of shoulder arms from a support. Right Shoulder shift— Ar^IS. One time and tico motions. 210. (First motion.) Detach ^he piece perpendicu- larly from the shoulder with the right hand, and seize it with the le^ between the lower band and the guide- sight, raise the piece, the left hand at the height of the shoulder and four inches fi'om it ; place, at the same time, the right hand on the butt, the beak be- tween the first two fingers, the other two fingers un- der the butt plate. 211. (Second motion.) Quit the piece with the left hand, raise and place the piece on the right shoulder with the right hand, the lock-plate upwards; let fall, at the same time, the left hand by the side. /f-8. ZJt. X- i SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART H. 49 Shoulder — ARMS. One time and two motions. 212. (First motion.) Raise the piece perpendicu- larly by extending the right arm to its full length, the rammer to the front, at the same time seize the piece with the left hand between the lower band and guide sight. 213. (Second motion.) Quit the butt with the right hand, which will immediately embrace the guard, low- er the piece to the position of shoulder arms, slide up the left hand to the height of the shoulder, the fingers extended and closed. Drop the left hand by the side. 214. The men being at support arms, the instructor will sometimes cause pieces to be brought to the right ulder. To this effect he will command : Right Shoulder shift — ARMS. One time and two motions. 215. (First motion.) Seize the piece with the right hand, below and near the left fore-arm, place the left hand under the butt, the heel of the butt between the first two fingers. 216. (Second motion.) Turn the piece with the left hand, the lock plate upwards, carry it to the right shoulder, the left hand still holding the butt, the muz- zle elevated ; hold the piece in this position and place the right hand upon the butt as is prescribed No. 210, and let fall the left hand by the side. 50 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART IL Support — Arms. One time and two motions. 217. {First motion.) The same as the first motion of shoulder arms, No. 212. 218. {Second motion.) Turn the piece with both hands, the barrel to the front, carry it opposite the left shoulder, slip the right hand to the small <»f the stock, place the left fore-arm extended on the breast as is prescribed No. 134, and let fall the right hand by the side. Aryns— At will. One time and one motion. 219. At this command, carry the piece at pleasure on either shoulder, with one or both hands, the muzzle elevated. Shoulder— ARms. One time and one motion. 220. At this command, retake quickly the position of shoulder arms. 221. The recruits being at ordered arms, when the instructor shall wish to cause the pieces to be placed on the ground, ho will command: .-= '7, SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART IL 51 Ground — ARMS. One time and two motions. 222. (First motion.) Turn the piece with the right hand, the barrel to the left, at the same time seize the cartridge box with the left hand, bend the body, ad- vance the left foot, the heel opposite the lower band ; lay the piece on the ground with the right hand, the toe of the butt on a line with the right toe, the knees slightly bent, the right heel raised. 223. (Second motion.) Rise up, bring the left foot by the side of the right, quit the cartridge box with the left hand, and drop the hands by the side. Raise — ARMS. One time and tico motions. 224. {First motion.) Seize the cartridge box with the left hand, bend the body, advance the left foot op- posite the lower band, and seize the piece with the right hand. . 225. (Second motion.) Raise the piece, bringing the left foot by the side of the light ; turn the piece with the right hand, the rammer to the front ; at the same time quit the cartridge box with the left hand, and drop this hand by the side. 52 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. 226. The recruits being at ordered arms, with bay- onet in the scabbard, if the instructor wishes to cause an inspection of arms, he will command : Inspection — ARMS. One time and four motions. (First and Second motions.) Same as in^x bayonet No. 192, except that the left hand remains at the muz- zle,, and the rammer head is seized between the thumb and forefinger, as in draw rammer. 227. {Third motion.) Spring rammer as prescribed in loading ; lower the left hand along the piece to full extent of arm, grasping the piece at the muzzle band with right hand. 228. (Fourth motion.) Bring the piece to position of order arms. 229. The instructor will then inspect in succession the piece of each recruit, in passing along the front of the rank. Each, as the instructor readies him, will raise smartly his piece with his right hand, seize it with the left between the lower band and guide-sight, the lock to the front, the left hand at the height of the chin, the piece opposite to the left eye ; the instructor will take it with the right hand at the handle, and, after inspecting it, will return it to the recruit who will receive it back with the right hand, and replace it in the position of ordered arms. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART U. 53 230. When the instructor shall have passed him, each recruit will retake the position prescribed at the command inspection arms, return the rammer, and re- sume the position of Ordered arms. 231. If, instead of inspection of arms, the instructor should merely wish to cause bayonets to be fixed, he will command : Fix— Bayonet. 232. Take the position indicated No. 192, fix-bay- onets as has been explained, and immediately resume the position of ordered arms. 233. If it be the wish of the instructor, after firing, to ascertain whether the pieces have been discharged, he will command : . Spring— BaMMERS. 234. Put the rammer in the barrel as has been ex- plained above, and immediately retake the position of ordered arms. 235. The instructor, for the purpose stated, can take the rammer by the small end, and spring it in the barrel, or cause each recruit to make it ring in the barrel. 236. Each recruit, after the instructor passes him, will return rammer, and resume the position of ordered arms. m \ 54 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER- PART H. Remarks on tJie Manual of Arms. 237. The manual of arms frequently distorts the persons of recruits before they Jicquire ease and con- fidence in the several positions. The instructor will therefore frequently recur to elementary principles in the course of the lessons. 238. Recruits are also extremely liable to curve the sides and back, and to derange the shoulders, especially in loading. Consequently, the instructor will not cause them to dwell too long, at a time, in one posi- tion. 239. When, after some days of exercise in the man- ual of arms, the four men shall be well established in their use, the instructor will always terminate the les- son by marching the men for some time in one rank, and at one pace apart, in common and quick time, in order to confirm them more and more in the mechan- ism of the step; he will also teach them to mark time and to change step, which will be executed in the fol- lowing manner. To Mark Time. 240. The four men marching in the direct step, the instructor will command : 1. Mark Time. 2. March. 241. At the second command, which will be given at the instant a fi)ot is coming to the ground, the re- cruits will make a semblance of marching, by bring- ing the heels by the side of each other, and observ- SCHOOL OF THE S LDIER— PART II, 55 ing the cadence of the step, by raising each foot alter- nately without advancing. 242. The instructor wishing the direct step to be re- sumed, will command : 1. Forward . 2. March. 243. At the second command, which will be given as prescribed above, the recruits will retake the step of twenty-eight inches. To change step. 244. The squad being in march, the instructor will command : ]. Change step. 2. March. 245. At the second command, which will be given at the instant either foot is coming to the ground , bring the foot which is in rear by the side of that which is in front, and step oflf again with the foot which was in front. To march backwards. 246. The instructor wishing the squad to march backwards, will command ; 1. Squad backward, 2. MARCH. 247. At the second command, the recruits will step off smartly with the left foot fourteen inches to the rear, reckoning, from heel to heel, and so on with the 56 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART IL feet iu succession till the command ]i(ilt, which will always be preceded by the caution squad. The men will halt at this command, and bring back the foot iu front by the side of the other. 248. This step will always be executed in quick time. 249. The instructor will be watchful that the le- cruits march straight to the rear, and that the erect position of the body and the piece be not deranged. LESSON III. To load in four times. 250. The object of this lesson is to prepare the re- cruits to load at will, and to cause them to distinguish the times which require the gieatest regularity and at- tention, such as charge cartridge, ram cartridge, and -prime. It will be divided as follows : 251. The first time will be executed at the end of the command; the three others at the commands ^fcr;, three nwAfour. The instriu;tor will command : 1. Load in four times. 2. Load. 252. Execute the times to include to charge < ar- tridge. Two. 253. Execute the times to include ram cartridge. schjol of the soldier— part ir. 57 Three. 254. Execute the time to iucliule prime. Four. 255. Execute the times of shoulder arms. To load at ivill. 256. The iustructor will next teach loarding at will, which will be executed as loadiug in four times, but continued, and without resting on either of the times. He will command : 1. Load at icill. 2. LoAD. *257, The iustructor will habituate the recruits, by- degrees, to load with the greatest possible prompti- tude, each without regulating himself by his neighbor, and above all without waiting for him. 258. The cadence prescribed No. 129, is not appli- cable to loading in four times, or at will. Lesson IV. Firi7is;s. 259. The firings are direct or oblique, and will be executed as follows : 58 SCFIOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART II. The direct Fire. 260. The instructor will give the following com- mands : 1. Yire by squad. 2. Squad. 3. Ready 4. AlM. 5. Fire, 6. Load. 261 . These several commands will be executed as has been prescribed in the Manual of Arms. At the third couiTnand, the men will come to the position of ready as heretofore explained. At the fourth they will aim according to the rank in which each may find himself, placed, the rear rank men inclining for- ward a little the upper part of the body, in order that their pieces may reach as much beyond the front rank as possible. 262. At the sixth command, they will load their pieces and return immediately to the position of ready. 263 The instructor will recommence the firing by the commands : 1. Squad. 2. Aim. 3. Fire. 4. Load. 264. When the instructor wishes the firing to cease, he will command : Cease firing. 265. At this command, the men will cease firing, but will load their pieces if unloaded, and afterwards bring them to a shoulder. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART H. 59 Oblique Firing. 266. The oblique firings will be executed to the right and left, and by the same commands as the direct fire, with this single difference — the command aim will always be preceded by the caution, right or left oblique. Position of the two ranks in the Oblique Fire to the right. 267 At the command ready, the two ranks will exeecute what has been prescribed for the direct fire. 268. At the cautionery command, right oblique, the two ranks will throw back the right shoulder and look steadily at the object to be hit. 269. At the command aim, each front rank man will aim to the right without deranging the feet ; each rear rank man will advance the left foot about eight inches towards the right heel of the man next on the right of his file leader and aim to the right, inclining the upper part of the body forward and bending a lit- tle the left knee. , Position of the two ranks in the Oblique Fire to the left. 270. At the cautionary command left oblique, the two ranks will throw back the left shoulder and look steadily at the object to be hit. 27 J. At the command aim, the front rank will take aim to the left without deranging the feet; each man 60 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART IL in the rear rank will advance the right foot about eight inches towards the right heel of the man next on the right of his file leader, and aim to the left, inclining the upper part of the body forward and bending a lit- tle the right knee. 272. In both cases, at the command load, the men of each rank will come to the position of load as pre- scribed in the direct fire ; the rear rank men bringing back the foot which is to the right and front by the side of the other. Each man will continue to load as if isolated. To fire by file. 273. The fire by file will be executed by the two ranks, the files of which will fire successively, and without regulating on each other, except for the first fire. 274. The instructor will command : ]. Fire hij file. 2. Sqnad. 3. Ready. 4. Com- ^ MENCE FIRING. / 275. At the third ccnnifland, the two ranks will take the position prescribed in the direct fire. 276. At the fourth command, the file on the right will aim and fire ; the rear rank man in aiming wilj take the position indicated No. 176. 277. The men of this file will load their pieces briskly and fire a second time ; reload and fire agiiin, and so on in continuation 278. The second file will aim, at the instant the first brings down pieces to reload, and will conform in all SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART IL 61 respects to that which has just been prescribed for the first file. 279. After the first fire, the front and rear rank men will not be required to fire at the same time. 280. Each man, after loading, will return to the po- sition of ready, and continue the fire. 281. When the instructor wishes the fire to cease, he will command : Cease — Firing. 282. At this command, the men will cease firing. If they have fired they will load their pieces and bring them to a shoulder; if at the position of rcarft/, they will half-cock and shoulder arms. If in the position of aim, they will bring down their pieces, half-cock, and shoulder arms. To fire by Rank. 283. The fire by rank will be executed by each eu- tii'e rank, alternately. . 284. The instructor will command : 1. Fire by rank. 2. Squad. 3. Eeady. 4. Rear rank. 5. AiM. 6. FiRE. 7. Load. 285. At the third command, the two ranks will take the position of ready, as prescribed in the direct fire. 286. At the seventh command, the rear rank will execute that which has been prescribed in the direct fire, and afterward take the position of ready. 62 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER-PART H. 287. As soon as the instructor sees several men of the rear rank in the position of ready, he will com- mand : L Front rank. 2. AiM. 3. FiRE. 4. Load. 288. At these commands, the men in the front rank will execute what has been prescribed for the rear rank, but they will not step off with the right foot. 289. The instructor will recommence the firing by the Tear rank, and will thus continue to alternate from rank to rank, until he shall wish the firing to cease, when he will command, cease firing, w-hich will be ex- ecuted as heretofore prescribed. Lesson V. To fire and load kneeling. 290. In this exercise the squad will be supposed loaded and drawn up in one rank. The instruction will be given to each man individually, without times or motions, and in the followii)g manner. 291. The instructor will command: I FIRE AND LOAD KNEELING. 292. At this command, the man on the right of the squad will move forward three paces and halt ; then carry the right foot to the rear and to the right of the left heel, and in a position convenient for placing the right knee upon the ground in bend- SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART IL 63 ing the left leg; place the right knee upon the ground ; lower the piece, the left fore-arm supported upon the thigh on the same side, the right hand on the small of the stock, the butt resting on the right thigh, the left hand supporting the piece near the lower band. 293. He will next move the right leg to the left around the knee supported on the ground, until this leg is nearly perpendicular to the direction of the left foot, and thus seat himself comfortably on the right heel. 294. Raise the piece with the right hand and sup- port it with the left, holding it near the lower band, the left elbow resting on the left thigh near the knee ; seize the hammer with the thumb, the forefinger under the guard, cock and seize the piece at the small of the stock ; briu'i, the piece to the shoulder, aim andjire. 295. Bring the piece down as soon as it is fired, and support it with the left hand, the butt resting against the right thigh ; carry the piece to the rear risking on the knee, the barrel downwards, the butt resting on the ground ; in this position support the piece with the left hand at the upper band, draw cartridge with the right and load the piece, ramming the ball, if neces- sary, with both hands. 296. When loaded bring the piece to the front with the left hand, which holds it at the upper hand ; seize it at the same time with the right band at the small of the stock ; turn the piece, the barrel uppermost and nearly horizontal, the left elbow resting on the left thigh ; half-cock, remove the old cap and prime, rise, and return to the ranks. 64 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART IL 297. The second in an will then be tan the ground, the recruit will bring this foot to the ground, aftd turning on it, will face to the rear ; he will then place the right foot in the new direction, and step off with the left foot. SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART IH. 75 To march backwards. 345. The squad being at a Lalt, if the instructor should wish to march it iu the back step, he will com- ma ud : 1 Squad backward. 2. Guide left (or right.) 3. March. 346. The back step will be executed by the means prescribed No. 247. 347. The instructor, in this step, will be watchful that the men do not lean on each other. 348. As the march to the front in quick time should only be executed at shouldered arms, the instructor, in order not to fatigue the men too much, and also to pre- vent negligence in gait and position, will halt the squad from time to time, and cause arms to be ordered. 349. In marching at double quick time, the men will always carry their pieces on the right shoulder, or at a trail. This rule is general. 350. If the instructor shall wish the pieces carried at a trail, he will give the command trail arms, before the command double quick. If, on the contrary, this command be not given, the men will shift their pieces to the right shoulder at the command double quick. In either case, at the command Aa/<, the men will bring their pieces to the position of shoulder arms. This rule is general. SCHOOL OF TIIK SOLDIER— PART III. Lesson III. To march hy the fanl{. 351. The rank being at a halt, and con-ectly aligned, the insti-uctor will command : 1. Squad, right— Face. 2. Foricard. 3. March. 352. At the last pai-t of the first command, the rank will face to the right ; the even numbered men, after facing to the right, will step quickly to the right side of the odd nnmbered men,thelatter standing fast, so that when the movement is executed, the men will be formed into files of two men abreast. 353. At the third command, the squad will step oft smartly with the left foot ; the files keeping aligned, and preserving their intervals. 354. The march by the left flank will be executed by the, same commands, substituting the word hft, for right, unAhy inverse means; in this case, the even numbered men, after facing to the left, will stand fast, and the odd numbered will place themselves on their left. 355. The instructor will place a well instructed sol- dier by the side of the recruit who is at the head of the rank, to reguhite the step, and to conduct him; and it will be enjoined on this recruit to march always elbow^ to elbow with the soldier. 356. The inssrrctor will cause to be observed in the march, by the flank, the following rules : SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART IIL 77 That the step be executed according to the principles prescribed for the direct step ; Because these priueiples, without which men, placed elbow to elbow, in the same rank, cannot preserve unity and harmony of movement, are of a more neces- sary observance in marching in file. That the head of the man icho ifinncdiatcly precedes, covers the heads of all irho are in front ; Because it is the most certain rule by which each man may maintain himself in the exact line of the file. 357. The instructor will place himself habitually five or six paces on the flank of the rank marching in file, to watch over the execution of the principles prescribed above. He will also place himself sometimes in its rear, halt, and suflfer it to pass fifteen or twenty paces, the better to see whether the men cover each other accurately. 358. When he shall wish to halt the rank, marching by the flunk, and to cause it to face to the fi-ont, he will command : 1. Squad. 2. Halt. 3. Front. 359. At the second command, the rank will halt, and afterwards no man will stir, although he may have lost his distance. This prohibition is necessary, to habituate the men 'to a constant preservation of their distances. 360. At the third command, each man will front by facing to the left, if marching by the right flank, and 78 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PART III. by a face to the right, if inarching by the left flank. The rear rank men will at the same time move quickly into their places, so as to form the squad again into one rank. 361. When the men haTC become accustomed to marching by the flank, the instructor will cause tiiem to change direction by file ; for this purpose he will command : 1. By file left (or right.) 2. March. 3G2. At the command march, the first file will change direction to the left (or right) in describing a small arc of a circle, and will then march straight forw.ird ; the two men of this file, in wheeling, will keep up the touch of the elbows, and the man on the side to which the wheel is made, will shorten the first three or four steps. Each file will come successively to wheel on the same spot where that which |)receded it wheeled. 363. The instructor will also cause the squad to face by the right or left flank in marching, and for this purpose will command : 1. Squad hy the right {or left) flank. 2. MARCH. 364. At the second command, which will be given a little before either foot comes to the ground, the re emits will turn the body, plant the foot that is raised in the new direction, and step off with the other foot without altering the cadence of the step ; the men will double or undouble rapidly. 365. If, in facing by the right or the left flank, the squad should face to the rear, the men will come into one rank, agreeably to the principles indicated in l^o. 360. It is to be remarked that it is the men who are SCHOOL OF THE SOLDH'-.R— PAIIT HI. 79 in rear who always niOTC up to form into single rank, and in such manner as never to invert the order of the numbers in the rank. 366. If, when the squad has heen faced to the rear, the instructor should cause it to face by the left flank, it is the even numbers who will double by moving to the right of the odd numbers ; but if by the right flank, it is the odd numbers who will double to the left of the even numbers. Observe the two following rules in the facings, viz : 1. Never gain ground to the front in drmci])les of Wheeling. 377. Wheelings are of two kinds: from halts, or on fixed pivots, and in march, or moveable pivots. SCHOOL OF THE 60LDIE11— PART III. 81 378. Wheeling on a fixed pivot takes plnce in pass- ing a corps from the order in battle to the order in column, or from the hitter to the former. 379. Wheels in marching take phice in changes of direction in column, as often as this movement is exe- cuted to the side opposite to the guide. 380. In wheels from a halt, the pivot man only turns in his place, without advancing or receding. 381. In thewheelsin marching, the pivot takes steps of nine or eleven inches, according as the squad is marchkig in quick or double quick time, so as to clear the wheeling point, which is necessary, in order that the subdivisions of a column may change directirn without losing their distances, as will be explaiiicd in the school of the company. 382. The man on the w^heeling flank Avill take tbo full step of twenty-eight inches, or thirty-three inches, according to the gait. Wheeling from a halt, or on afixedpnx'. 383. The rank being at a halt, the instructor will < place a well-instructed man on the wheeling flank to conduct it, and then command : 1. By squad, right wheel. 2. MARCH. 384. At the second command, the raidv will stepolf with the left foot, turning at the same time the h^a 1 a little to the left, the eyes fixed on the line of the eyivs of the men to their left; the pivot-man will JEierely mark time in gradually turning his body, in or ler tu 82 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER— PAKT III. conform himself to the movement of the marching flank ; the man who conducts this flank will take steps of twenty-eight inches, and from the first step advance a little the left shoulder, casthis eyes from time to time along the rank, and feel constantly the elbow of the next man lightly, but never push him. 385. The^ther man will feel lightly the elbow of the next man towards the pivot, resist pressure coming from the opposite side, and each will conform himself to the marching flank — shortening his step according to his approximation to the pivot. 386. The instructor will make the rank wheel round the circle once or twice before halting, in order to cause the principles to be the l)etter understood, and he will be watchful that the centre does not break. 387. He will cause the wheel to the left to be exe- cuted according to the same principles. 388. When the instructor shall wish to arrest the wheel, he will command : ' 1. Squad. 2. Halt. 389. At the secoiid command, the rank will halt, and no man stir The insti-uctor, going to the flank oppo- site the pivot, will place the two outer men <»f that flank in the direction he may wish to give the rank, without however L OF THE SOLDIEl!— PART III. 85 1. Forward. 2. March. 398. The first command will be proiiouuceti when four paces are yet required to complete the change of direction. 399. At the command march, which will be given at the instant ofcompleting the wheel, the man who con- ducts the marching flank will direct himself straight forward ; the pivot man and all the rank will retake the step of twenty-eight inches, and bring the head di- rect to the front. Turning, or change of direction to the side of ^ the guide. 400. The change of direction to the side of the guide, in marching, will be executed as follows : The instruc- tor will command : 1. Left {iw right) turn. 2. March. 401. The first command will be given when the rank is yet four paces from the turning point. 402. At the command anarch, to be pronounced at the instant the rank ought to turn, the guide will face to the left (or right) in marching, and move forward in the new directiou without slackening or quickening the CTdence,aud without shortening or lengthening the step. The whole rank will promptly conform itself to the new direction ; to effect which, each man will ad- vance the shoulder o^jposite to the guide, take the double quick step, to carry himself in the new direction. 86 SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER-PART III. turn the bead and eyes to the side of the guide, and retake the touch of the elbow on that side, in placing himse'f on the alignment of the guide, from whom he will take the step, and then resume the direct position of the head. Each man will thus arrive successively on the alignment. Wheeling and changing direction to the side of the guide, in double quick time. 403. When the recruits comprehend and execute well, in quick time, the wheels at a halt and in march-, ing, and the change of direction to the side of the guide, the instructor will cause the same movements to be repeated in double quick time. 404. These various movements will be executed by the same commands «and acconling to the same prin- ciples as in quick time, except that, the command double quick will precede that of warc/t. In wheeling while marching, the pivot man will take steps of eleven inches, and in the changes of direction to the side of the guide, the men on the side opposite to the guide must increase the gait in order to bring themselves into line. 405. The instructor, in order not to fatigue the re- cruits, and not to divide their attention, will cause them to execute the several movepents of which this lesson is composed, first without arms, and next, after the mechanism be well comprehended, with arms. SCH'XiL OF THE SOLDIER— PART III. 87 LESSON V. Long inarches in double qiiick time and the run. 406. The instructor will cause to be resumed the ex- ercises iu diiuble quick time and the run, with arms and knapsacks. 407. He will cause long marches to be executed in double quick time, both by the front and by the flauk, and by constant practice will lead the men to pass over a distance of five miles in sixty minutes. The pieces will be carried on either shoulder, and some- times at a trail. 408. He w^ill also exercise them in long marches, at a run, the i ieces carri^^d at will ; the i leu will be in- structed to keep as united as possibh . without how- ever exacting much regulaiity, which is impracticable. 409. The run, in actual service, will only be resorted to when it may be highly important to reach a given point with gre;it promptitude. Stack Arms. The men being at order arms, the instructor will commaud : 5fac/;— Arms. 410. At this command, number two of the front rank will pass his piece before him, seize it with the left S8 SCnOpL OF THE HOLDIEU-PAKT HI. hand alxmt tli.o middle biuid, plope it iicross the V...dy, barrel to the rear, the butt three inches above the right toe of the man on his left, muzzle six inches to the right of his right shoulder. 411. Nnmbertwo of the rear rank will turnhispieee, lock square to the front, r.nd pass it to his front rank man, who will sieze it with his right hand about the middle band and incline it forward, resting, the neck of the bayonet on that of his own bayonet and close to the blade. Number one of the front rank will turn the barrel of his piece square to the front, slope it across the body, place the neck of his "bayonet, above the necks, and between the blades of the other two bayo- nets, h(dding the piece with the right hand at the Uiid- dle band, the butt three inches from the ground in front of his right toe. • 412. Nuudjer two of the front i-ank will throw the butt of the rear rank man's piece about thirty inches to the front, at the same time resting the butt ot his own piece on the ground on the left, and a little in rear of his left toe. At the same instant, number ore of the front rank will restthe butt of his piece on the ground, a little in froiit of his right toe. Number one of the rear rank will incline his piece (m the stack thus formed. 413. The men of both ranks having taken the posi- tion of the soldier without arms, the instructor will C(mmiand : 1. Break rau'i^. 2. MARCH. SCHOOL OF TDE SOLDIER— i' ART 111 i?9 To resume arms. 414. Both ranks being reformed in rear of their stacks, the instructor will command: T«/.c— Arms. 415. At this couiuiand, number one ofthe rear rank will retake his piece. Number two of the front rank will seize his own piece with his left hand, at the mid- dle band, and his rear rank man's piece in the same manner with his right hand; and number one of the front rank will seize his piece with his right hand in the same manner. These two men will raise the stack, bring the butts together and disengage the bayonets. Number two ofthe rear rank will receive his piece from his front rank man, and all will resume the posi- tion of ordered arms. END OF THE SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER. 7* TITLE THIRD. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANT. General rules and division of the School of the Company. 1. Instructi«>n by company will always precede that by battalion, and the object being to prepare the sol- diers for the higher school, the exercises of detail by company will be strictly adhered to, as well in respect to principles, as the order of progression herein pre- scribed. 2. Tl'.ere will be attached to a company undergoing elementary instruction, a captain, a covering sergeant, and a certain number of file closers, the whole posted in the manner indicated, Title First, and, accoruing to the same title, the officer charged with the exercise of such company will herein be denominated the in- structor. fi. The School of the Ci>mpany will bo divided into six lessons, and each lesson will comprehend five arti- cles, as follows : LESSON I. 1. To open ranks, 2. A!iy;nments in open rank. (1)0) SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY 91 3. Manual of arms. 4. To close ranks. 5. Alignments, and manual of arms in closed ranks. LESSON II. 1. To load iu four times and at will. 2. To fire by company. 3. To fire by file. 4. To fire by rank. 5. To fire by the rear rank. LESSON III. 1. To march in line of battle. 2. To halt the company marching in line of battle, and to align it. 3. Oblique march in line of battle. 4. To mark time, to march in double quick time, and the back step. 5. To march in retreat iu line of battle. LESSON IV. 1. To march by the flank. 2. To change direction by file. 3. .To halt the company marching by the flank, and to face it to the front. 4. The company being in march by the flank, to form it on the right or left by file into line of battle. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY, 5. Thi^ coinpaiiy uiarcliitig by the flank, to form it by company or platoou into line, and cause it to face to the right or left in marching. LESSON V. 1. To break into column by platoon either at a halt, or while marching. 2. To march in column. 3. To change direction. 4. To halt in column. 5. Being in column by platoon, to form to the right or left into line of battle, eitlier at a halt or marciiing. LESSON VL I /.;!!it ,'■ L To break into platoons, and to re-form the com- pany. 2. To break files to the rear, and to cause them to re-enter into line. 3. To march in column in route, and to execute the movements incident thereto. 4. Countermarch. 5. Being in column by platoon, to form on tlie right or left into line of battle. 4. The company will always be formed in two ranks The instructor will then cause the files to be num- bered, and for this purpose will connuand : SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LlvSSON I. 93 In each rank — Count Twos. 5. At this couiniand, the men count in each rank, from right to left, pronouncing in a loud and distinct voice, in the same tone, without hurry and without turning the head, one, tico, according to the place which each one occupies. He will also cause the company to be divided into platoons and sections, taking care that the first platoon is always composed of an even number of files. G. The instructor will be as clear and concise as possible in his explanations ; he will cause faults of de- tail to be rectified by the captain, to whom he will in- dicate them, if the captian should not have himself ob- served them ; and the instruct(»r will not otherwise in- terfere, unless the captain should not well comprehend, or should badly execute his intentions. 7. Composure, or presence of mind, in him who com- mands, and in those who obey, being the first means of order in a body of troops, the instructor will labor to habituate the company to the essential quality, and will himself give the example. LESSON FIRST. Article First. To open ranks. 8. The company being at ordered arms, the ranks and file closers well aligned, when the instructor shall 94 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON L wish to cause the ranks to be opened, he will direct the left guide to place himself on the left of the front rank, which being executed, he will command : 1. Attention. 2. Company. 3. Shoulder — ARMS. 4. To the rear open order. 9. At the fourth command, the covering sergeant, and the left guide, will step off smartly to the rear, four paces from the front rank, in order to mark the alignment of the rear rank. They will judge this dis- tance by the eye, without counting the steps. 10. The instructor will place liimself at the same time on the right flank, in order to observe if these two non-commissioned officers are on aline paiallel to the front rank, and if necessary, to correct their positions, which being executed, he will command : March. 11. At this command, the front rank will standfast. 12. The rear rank will step to the rear, without counting the steps, and will place themselves on the alignment marked for this rank, conformingto what is prescribed in the school of the soldier. No. 321. 13. The covering sergeant will align the rear rank on the left guide placed to mark the left of this rank. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON I 95 14. The file closers will march to the rear at the same time with the rear rank, and will place them- selves two paces from this rank when it is aligned. 15. The instructor seeing the rear rank aligned, will command : 6. Front. 16. At this command, the sergeant on the left of the rear lank will return to his place as a file closer. 17. The rear rank being aligned, the instructor will direct the captain and the covering sergeant to observe the men in their respective ranks, and to C(»rrect, if neces.sary, the positions of persons and pieces. Article Second. Alignments in ojfcn ranks. 18. The ranks being open, the instructor will, in the first exercises, align the ranks, man by man, the better to inculcate the principles. 19. To effect this, he will cause two or four men on the right or left<»f each rank to march two or three paces forward, and, after having aligned them, com- mand : By file rio/it for left) — DRESS. 20. At this, the men of each rank will move up suc- cessively on the alignment, each man being preceded by his neighbor in the same rank, towards the basis, by two paces, and having correctly aligned himself, will cast his eyes to the front. 9G SCHOOL OF THK COMPANY— LESSON L 21. Successive aligninentg having habituated the soldiers to dress correctly, the instructor will cause the ranks to align themselves at once, forward and back- ward, sometimes in a direction parallel, and sometimes in one oblique, to the original direction, giving, in each case, two or four men to serve as a basis of align- ment to each rank. To eifect which, he will com- mand : 1. Right (or hft)—T>RF.!i>i. '2. Front. I. Right for left) backinjrd — Dress. 2. FRONT. 22. In oblique alignments, in opened ranks, the men of the rear rank vill not seek to cover their ti'e lead- ers, as the sole object of the exercise is to teach them to align themselves correctly in their respective ranks, in the different directions. 23. In the several alignments, the captain will super- intend the front rank, and the covering sergeant the rear rank. For this purp<»se, they will place them- selves on the side by which the ranks are dressed. 24. In oblique alignments, the men will conform the Hue of their shoulders to the new direction of their rank, and will place themselves on the alignment- as has been prescribed in the school of the soldier, Xo. 317 or Xo. 321, according as the new direction shall be in front or rear of the original one. SCHOOL OF THE COMPASY— LESSON 1. an 25. At the end of each alignment, the captain and the covering sergeant will pass along the front of the ranks to correct the p -iiriuti* <.f p^T-jv.s and arms. ARTTrf.r: Third. Manual of Arms. 26 The ranks being (^n, the instructor will place himself in a position to see the ranks, and will com- mand the manual of arms in the following order : Present arms. Order arms. Ground arms. Raise arms. Support arms. Fix Bayonet. Charge bayonet. Trail arms. Unfix bayonet. Secure arms. Load Shomider arms. Shoulder arms. Shoulder arms. Shoulder arms. Shoulder arms. Shoulder arms. Shoulder arms. Shoulder in nine times. 27. The instructrr will take care that the p<»sitionof the body, of the feet, and of the piece, be alwava ex- act, and that the tiuies be brisikly executed and close to the person. school of the company— lesson i. Article Fourth. To close ranks. 28. The manual of arms being ended, the instructor will command : 1. Close order. 2. March. 29. At the command march, the rear rank will close up in quick time, each man directing himself on his file leader. ,, Article Fifth. Alignments, and manual of arms in closed ranks. 30. The ranks being closed, the instructor will cause to be executed parallel and oblique alignments by the light and left, forward and backward, observing to place always two or four files to serve as a basis of alignment. He will give the commands prescribed. No. 21. 31. In alignments in closed ranks, the captain will superintend the front rank, and the covering sergeant the rear rank. They will habituate themselves to judge the aligument by the lines of the eyes and slioul- ders, in casting a glance of the eye along the front and rear of the ranks. 32. The moment the captain perceives the greater number of the front rank aligned, he will comuiand Front, and re. tify, afterwards, if necessary, the align- SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON I. 99 ment of the other men by the means prescribed in the school of the soldier, No, 3*20. The rear rank will con- form to the alignment of the front rank, superintended by the covering sergeant. 33. The ranks being steady, the instructor will place himself on the tlank to verify their alignment. He will also see that each rear rank man covers accurately his file leader. 34. In oblique alignments, the instructor will observe what is prescribed, No. 24. 35. In all alignments, the file dose.-s will preserve the distance of two paces from the rear rank. 36. The alignments being ended, the instructor will cause to be executed the manual of arms. 37. The instructor, wishing to rest the men, without deranging the alignment, will first cause the arras to be supported or ordered, and then command : hi place — Rest. 38. At this command, the men will no longer be constrained to jireserve silence or steadiness of posi- tion ; but they will always keep one or the other heel on the alignment. 39. If, on the contrary, the instructor should wish to rest the men witb^iut constraining them to pre- serve the alignment, he will command: Rest. 40. At which command, the men will not be re- quired to preserve immobility, or to remain in their places. 100 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESriON 11. 41. The instructor mny, also, when he sh.ill judge proper, cause arms to be stacked, which will be ex- ecuted as prescribed, school of the soldier. LESSON SECOND. 42. The instructor, wishing to pass to the second les- son, will cause the company to take arms, if stacks have been formed, and command : ]. Attention. 2. Company. 3. Shoulder — Arms. 43. The instructor will then cause loadings and firings to be executed in the following order : Article First. To load in Jour times and at ivill. 44. Loading in four times will be conmianded and executed as prescribed in the school of the soldier. No. 251 , ami following. The instructor will cause this ex- ercise to be often repeated, in succession, before pass- ing to loading at will. 45. Loading at wi 1 will be commanded and execu- ted as prescribed in the school of the soldier. No. 256. In priming when loading in four times, and also at will, the captain ai»d covering sergeant will half face to the right with the men, and face to the front when the man next to them, respectively, brings his piece to the shoulder. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LEHSON H. lOl 46. The instructor will labor to the utmost to cause the men, in the different loadings, to execute what has been prescribed in the school of the soldier, Nos. J>57 and 258. 47. Loading at will, being that of battle, and con- sequently the one with which it is most important to render the men familiar, it will claim preference in the exercises the moment the men be well established in the principles. To these they will be brought by degrees, so that every mau may be able to load with cartridges, and to fire at least three rounds in a minute with ease and regularity. , Article Second. To. fire hij company. 48. The instructor, wishing to cause the fire by company to be executed, will command : 1. Fire by company. 2. Commence firing. 49. At the first command, the captain will promptly place himself opposite the centre of his company, and four paces in rear of the line of file closers : the cover- ing sergeant will retire to that line, and place himself opposite to his interval. This rule is general, for both the captain and covering sergeant, in all the different firings. 50. At the second command, the captain will add: 1. Company; '2. READY; 3. Alm; 4. Fire; 5. Load 51. At the command load, the men will load their 102 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LEKSON H. pieces, and then take the position of ready, as pre- scribed in the school of the soldier. 52. The captain will immediately recommence the filing by the commands : 1. Company. 2. AiM. 3. FiRE. 4. Load. 53. The firing will be thus continued until the sig- nal to cease firing is sounded. 54. The captain will sometimes cause aim to be taken to the right and left, simply observing to pro- ''nounce right (or left) oblique, before the command aim. Article Third. T/ie fire by file. 55. The instructor wishing to cause the fire by file to be executed, will command : i 1. Fire by Hie. 2. Company. 3. Ready. 4. Com- mence firing. 56. The third and fourth commands will be execu- ted its prescribed in the school of the soldier, No. 275, and followin-j. 57. The fire will be commenced by the right file of the company; the next file will take aim at the in- I stant the first brings down pieces to reload, and so on to the left; but this progression will only be observed in the first discharge, after which each man will re- load and fire without regulating himself by others, SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY -LESSON H. 103 conforming himself to what is prescribed in the school of the soldier, No. 280. Article Fourth. The fire by rank. 58. The instructor wishing the fire by rank to be executed, will command: 1. Fire by rank. 2. Company. 3. Ready. 4. Rear rank — Alm. 5. FiRE. 6. Load. 59. The fifth and sixth commands will be executed as is prescribed in the school of the scddier. No. 285 and following. 60. When the instructor sees one or two pieces in the rear rank at a ready, he will command : 1. Front rank. 2. AiM. 3. FiRE. 4. Load. 61. The firing will be continued thus by alternate ranks, until the signal is given to cease firing. 62. The instructor will sometimes cause aim to be taken t»» the right and left, conforming to what is pre- scribed No. 54. 63. The instructor will cause the firing to cease, whether by company, by file, or by rank, by sounding the signal to cease firing , and at the instant this sound commences, the men will cease to fire, confi)rming to what is prescribed in the school of the soldier, No. 282. 104 SCHOOL or THE COMrANY-LKSSON II. 64. The sigiKtl to ceafje firing will be alwnys fol- lowed by a bugle note ; at wbicb sniiiid, the captain and coveriiig sergeant will pr()ni])tly rc^sunie their places in line, and will rectify, if necessary, the align- ment of the ranks. 65. In this school, except when powder is used, the signal to cease firing will be indicated by the com- mand, cease firing, which will be pronounced by the instructor when he wishes the semblance of firing to cease. &Q. The command ;>06t?s will be likewise substituted, under similar circumstances, for the bugle note em- ployed as the signal for the return of the captain and covering sergeant to their places in line, which com- mand will be given when the insti'uctor sees the men have bj-ougbt their pieces to a shoulder. 67. The tire by tilo being lii.it which is most fre- quently used against an enemy, it is highly important that it be rendered perfectly familiar to the troops. The instructor, will, therefore, give it almost exclusive preference, and labor to cause the men to aim with care, and always, if possible, at some particular ob- ject. As it is of the utmost importance that the men should aim with precision in battle, this principle will be rigidly enforced in the exercises for purposes of in- struction. SCHOOL OF TfJE COMPANY— LESSON II. 105 Article Fifth." To fire hy the rear rank. ^^. The instructor will cause the several fires to be executed to the rear, that is, by the rear rank. To effect this, he will command : 1. Face by the rear rank. 2. Company. 3. About ^ —Face 69. At the first c6mmand, the captain will step out and place himself near to, and facing t;Jie right file of his company ; the covering sergeant, and file closers, will pass quickly through the captain's interval, and place themselves faced to the rear, the covering ser- geant a pace behind the captain, and the file closers two paces from the front rank opposite to their places inline, each passing behind the covering sergeant. 70. At the third command, which will be given at the instant the last file closer shall have passed through the interval, the company will face about; the captain will place himself in his interval in the rear rank, now become the front, and the 'covering sergeant will cover him in the front rank, and become the rear. 71. The company having faced by the rear rank, the instructor will cause it to execute the fire by com- pany, both direct and oblique, the fire by file, and the fire by rank, by the commands and means prescribed in the three preceding articles ; the cap- tain, covering sergeant, and the men will conform 106 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESS N U. themselves, in like manner, to what is therein pre- scribed. — 72. The fire by file will commence on the left of the company, now become the right. In the fire by rank, the firing will commence with the front rank, now be- come the rear. 73. To resume the proper front, the instructor will command : 1. Face by the front rank. 2. Company. 3. About — Face. I 74. At the first command, the captain, covering ser- geant and file closers will conform to what is pre- scribed Nos. 69 and 70. 75. At the third command, the company having faced about, the captain and covering sergeant will re- sume their places in line. 76. In this lesson, the instructor will impress on the men the importance of aiming always at some par- ticular object, and of holding the piece as prescribed in the school of the soldier. No. ]78. 77. The instructor will recommend to the captain to make a short pause between the commands aim &ndi Jire, to give the men time to aim with accuracy. 78. The instructor will place himself in position to see the two ranks, in order to detect faults ; he will charge the captain and file closers to be equally watch- ful, and to report to him when the ranks are at rest. He will remand, for individual instruction, the men who may be observed to load badly. 70. The instructor will recommend to the soldiers, in the firings, the highest degree of composure or pre- SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON IL 107 f?ence of mind ; he will neglect nothing that may con tribute to this end. 80. He will give to the men, as a general principle, to maintain, in the direct fire, the left heel in its place, in order that the alignment of the ranks and files may not be deranged ; and he will verify, by examination, after each exercise in firing, the observance of this principle. 81. The instructor will observe, in addition to these remarks, all those which follow, 82. When the firing is executed with cartridges, it is particularly recomilfended that the men observe, in uncocking, whether smoke escapes from the tube, which is a certain indication that the piece has been discharged ; but if, on the contrary, no smoke'escapes, the soldier, in such case, instead of re-loading, will pick and prime again. If, believing the load to be discharged, the soldier should put a second cartridge in his piece, he ought at least, to perceive it in ram- ming, by the height of the load ; and he would be very culpable, should he put in a third. The instructor will always cause arms to be inspected after firing with cartridges, in order to observe if the fault has been committed, of putting three cartridges, without a discharge, in the same piece, in which case the ball screw will be applied. 83. It sometimes happens, when a cap has missed fire, that the tube is found stopped up with a hard, white, and compact powder ; in this case, picking will be dispensed with, and a new cap substituted for the old one. 108 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON HL LESSON THIRD. Article First. To advance in line of battle. 84. The company being in line of battle, and cor- rectly aligned, when the instructor shall wish to exer- cise it in marching by the front, he will assure hunself that the shoulders of the captain and covering ser- geant are perfectly in the liireetion of their respective ranks, and that the sergeant accurately covers the captain ; the instructor will then place himself twenty- jBve or thirty paces in front of them, face to the rear, and place himself exactly on the prolongation of the line passing between their heels. 85. The instructor, being aligned on the directing file, will command : 1 . Company, forward. 86. At this, a sergeant, previously designated, will move six paces in advance of the captain : the in- structor, from the positi ?** 1 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY-LESSON IV. 119 pleted, the files will be formed of four men aligned, and elbow to elbow. The intervals will be preser- ved. 137. The file closers will also move by side step to the right, so that when the ranks are formed, they will be two paces from the rearmost rank. 138. At the command march, the company will move off briskly in quick time ; the covering sergeant at the head of the front rank, and the captain on his left, will Inarch straight forward. The men of each file will march abreast of their respective front rank men, heads direct to the front ; the file closers will march oppo- site their places in line of battle. 139. The instructor will cause the principles of the march by the flank to be observed, in placing himself pending the march, as prescribed in the school of the soldier No. 357. 140. The instructor will cause the march by the left flank to be executed by the same commands, substi- tuting left for right; the ranks will double as has been prescribed in the school for the soldier. No. 354 ; the rear rank will side-step to the left one pace before doubling. 141. At the instant the company faces to the left, the left guide will place himself at the head of the front rank ; the captain will pass rapidly to the left, and place himself by the right side of this guide ; the covering sergeant will replace the captain in the front rank, the moment the latter quits it to go to the left. 120 school of the company— lesson iv. Article Second. To change direction hy file. 142. The company being faced by the flank, and either in march, or at a halt, when the instructor shall wish to cause it to wheel by file, he will command: 1. By jilt left (or right.) 2. March. 143. At the command inarch, the first file will wheel; if to the side of the front rank man, the lat- ter will take care not to turn at once, but to describe a short arc of a circle, shortening a little the first five or six steps in order to give time to the fourth n)an of this file to conform himself to the movement. If the wheel be to the side of the rear rank, the front rank man will wheel in the step of twenty-eight inches, and the fourth man will conform himself to the movement by describing a short arc of a circle as has been explained. Each file will come to wheel on the same ground where that which preceded it wheeled. 144. The instructor will see that the wheel be exe- cuted according to these principles, in order that the distance between the files may always be preserved, and that there be no check or hindrance at the wheel- ing point. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON IV. 121 Article Third To halt tlie company marching hy the flank, and to face it to the front. 145. To effect these objects the instructor will com- mand": 1. Company. 2. Halt. 3. FRONT. 146. The second and third commands will be exe- cuted as prescribed in the school of the soldier, Nos. 359 and 360. As soon as the files have undoubled, the rear rank will close to its proper distance. The captain and covering sergeant, as well as the left guide, if the march be by the left flank, will return to their habitual places in line at the instant the compa- ny faces to the front. 147. The instructor may then align the company by one of the means prescribed. No. 100. Article Fourth. The company being in march by the flank, to form it on the right (or left) by file into line of battle. 148, If the company be marching by the right flank, the instructor will command : 1. On the right, hyfile into line. 2. March. 9* 122 aCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSOxN IV. 149. At the command march, the rear rank men doubled will mark time ^ the captain and the cover- ing sergeant will turn to the right, march straight for- ward, and be halted by the instructor when they shall have passed at least six paces beyond the rank of file closers ; the captain will ])l!ice himself corn'ctly on the line of battle, and Avill direct the alignment as the men of the front rank successively arrive; the cover- ing sergeant will place himself behind the captain at the distance of the rear rank ; the two men on the right of the front rank doubled, will continue to march, and passing beyond the covering sergeant and the captain, will turn to the right ; after turning, they will continue to march, elbow to elbow, and direct themselves towards the line of battle, but when they shall arrive at two paces froui this line, the even num- ber will shorten the step so that the odd number may precede him on the line, tlie odd number ])lacing him- sel%by the side and on the left of the captain; the even number will afterwards oblique to the left, and place himself on the left of the odd number; the next two men of the front rank doubled, will pass in the same manner behind the two first, turn then to the right, and place themselves, according to the means just explained, to the left, and by the side of, the iwo men already established on the line ; the remaining files of this rank will follow in succession, and be formed to the left in the same manner. The rear rank doubled will execute the movement in the manner already explained for the front rank, taking care not to commence the movement until four men of the front rank are established on the line of battle ; the rear rank luen, as they arrive on the line, will cover accu- ately their file leaders. %- ^ SCHOOL OF THE COMrANY— LESSON IV. 123 150. If the company be marching by the left flank, the iustructor will cause it to form by file ring sergeant will continue to march straight forward ; the men will advance the right shoulder, take the double quick step, and move into line, by the shortest route, taking care to undouble the files, and to come on the line one after the other. 155. As the front rank men successively arrive in line with the covering sergeant, they will take from him the step, and then turn their eyes to the front. 156. The men of the rear rank will conform to the movements of their respective file leaders, but with- out endeavoring to arrive in line at the same time with the latter. 157. At the instant the movement begins, the cap- tain will face to his company in order to follow up the execution; and, as soon as the C(mipany is formed, he will command, guide left, place himself two paces before the centre, face to the front, and take the step of the company 158. At the command ^wirfc left, the second sergeant will promptly place himself in the front rank, on the left, to serve as guide, and the covering sei'geant who is on the oppotite flank will remain there. 159. When the company marches by the left flank, this movement will be executed by the same com- mands, and according to the same principles; the com- pany being formed, the captain will command guide n "■/«<, and place himself in front of his company as above ; the covering sergeant who is on the right of the front rank will serve as guide, and the second sergeant placed on the left flank will remain there. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESd N IV. 125 160. Thus, in a column by company, right or left iu front, the covering sergeant and the second sergeant of each company will always be placed on the right and left, rel^pectively of the front rank ; they will be de- nominated right guide and left guide, and the one or the other charged with the direction. IGl. The company being in march by the flank, if it be the wish of the instructor to cause it to form platoons, he will give an order to that effect to the captain, who will command : 1. By platoon, into line. 2. March. 162. This movement will be executed by each pla- toon according to the above principles. The captain will place iiimself before the centre of the first platoon, and the first lieutenant before the centre of the second, passing through the opening made in the centre of the company, if the march be by the right flank, and around the left of this plattwn, if the march be by the lett : in this last case, the captain will also pass around the left of the second platoon in order to place himself in front of the first. Both the captain and lieutenant, without waiting for each other, will command guide left (i>r right,) at the instant their respective platoons are f«)rmed., 163. At the command guide left (or right,) the guide of each platoon will pass rapidly to the indica- ted flank of the platoon, if not already there. 164. The right guide of the company Avill always serve as the guide of the right or left of the first [)la- toon, and the left guide of the company will serve, in like manner, as the guide of the second platoon. 126 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSEN IV. 365. Thus in a coluinn, by platoon, there will be but one guide to each platoon ; he will always be placed on its left flank, if the right be in front, and on the right' flank, if the left be in front. 166. In these movements, the file closers will follow the platoons to which they are attached. 167. The instructor may cause the company, march- ing by the flank, to form by company, or by platoon, into line, by his own direct commands, using those prescribed by the captain. No. 153 or 161. 168. The instructor will exercise the company in passing, without a halt, from' the march by the front, to the march by the flank, and recipfitcally. In eithep case he will employ the commands prescribed in the school of the soldier. No. 363, substituting coinpany for squad. The company will face to the riglit <»r left, in marching, and the captain, the guides, and file closers will conform themselves to what is prescribed for each in the march by the flank, or in the march by the front of a company supposed to be a subdivision of a column. 169. If, after facing to the right or left, in march- ing, the company find itself faced by the rear rank, the captain will placehimself two paces behind the centre of the fi out rank, now in th > rear, the guides will pass to the i-ear rank, now leading, and the file closers will march in front of this rank. 170. The instructor, in order to avoid fatiguing the men, and to prevent them from being negligent in the Mfr. JU^ « Mil WHIM fie ^ ^ X & SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY-LESSON V. 127 position of shoulder arms, will sometimes order sup- port arms in marching by the flank, and arms on the right shoulder, when marching in line. LESSON FIFTH. Article First. To break into colwmn by platoon, either at a hah or in a march. 171. The company being at a halt, in line of battle, the instructor, wishing to break it into column, by platoon to the right, will command : 1. By platoon, right tcheel. 2. March. 172. At the first command, the chiefs of platoon will rapidly place themselves two paces before the centres of their respective platoons, the lieutenant passing around the left of the company. They need not occu- py themselves with dressing, one upon the other. The covering sergeant will replnce the captain in the front rank 173. At the command march, the right front rank man of each platoon will face to the right, the cover- ing sergeant standing fast; the chief of each platoon will move quickly by the shortest line, a little beyond the point at which the marching flank will rest when the wheel shall be completed, face to the late rear, and place himself so that the line which he forms Avith the 128 SCHOOL OF TOE COMPANY— LESSON V. man on the right (who had faced,) shall be perpendic- ular to that occupied by the company in line of bat- tle ; each platoon will wheel according to the princi- ples prescribed for the wheel on a fixed pivot, and when the man who condncts the marching tl.ink shall approach to near the perpendicular, its chief will command : 1. Platoon. 2. HALT. 174. At the command halt, which will be given at the instant the man who conducts the marching flank shall have arrived at three paces from the perpendic- ular, the platoon will halt; the covering sei-geant will move to the point where the left of the first platoon is to rest, passing by the front rank ; the second sergeant will place himself, in like manner, in respect to the second platoon. Each will take care to leave be.tween himself and the man on the right of his platoon, a space equal to its front ; the captain and first lieutenant will look to this, and each take care to align the ser- geant between himself and the man of the platoon who had f^iced to the right. 175. The guide of each platoon being thus estab- lished on the perpendicular, each chief will place him- self two paces outside of his guide, and facing towards him, will command : 3. Left— Dress. 176. The alignment being ended, each chief of pla- toon will command, F'liONT, and place himself two paces before its centre. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. 129 177. The file closers will conform themselves to tho movement of their respective platoons, preserving al- ways the distance of two paces from the rear rank, 178. The company will break by platoon to the left, according to the same pmuciples. The instructor will comm'tnd : 1. By platoon, left ichcel 2. MARCH. 179. The first command will be executed in the same manner as breaking by platoon to the right. 180. At the command march, the left front rank man of each platoon will face to the left, and the platoons will wheel to the left, according to the principles pre- scribed for the wheel on a fixed pivot ; the chiefs of platoon will conform to the principles indicated Nos. 173 and 174. 181. At the command halt, given by the chief of each platoon, the covering sergeant on the right of the front rank of the first platoon, and second sergeant near the lelt of the second platoon, will each move to the points where the right of the platoon is to rest. The chief of each platoon should be careful to align the sergeant between himself and the man of the pla- toon who had fiiced to the left, and will then command : TJiWti— Dress. 182. The platoons being aligned, each chief of pla- toon will command, Front, and place himself oppo- site its centre. 130 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. 183. The instructor wishing to break the company by platoon to the right, and to move the colnmn for- ward after the wheel is completed, will caution the company to that effect, and command : 1. By platoon, right wheel. 2. March. 184. At the first command, the chiefs of platoon will move rapidly in front of their respective platoons, con- forming to what has been prescribed No. 172, and will remain in this position during the continuance of the wheel. The covering sergeant will replace the chief of the first platoon in the front rank. 185. At the command march, the platoons will wheel to the right, conforming to the principles herein prescribed ; the mnn on the pivot will not face to the right, but will mark time, conforming himself to the movement of the marching flank ; and wht'n the man who is on the left of this flank shall arrive near the perpendicular, the instructor will command : 3. Forward. 4. March. 5. Guide left. 186. At the fourth command, which will be given at the instant the wheel is completed, the platoons will move straight to the front, all the men taking the step of twenty-eight inches. The covering sergeant and the second sergeant will move rapidly to the left of their respective platoons, the former passing before the front rank. The leading guide will immediately take points on the ground in the direction which may be indicated to him by the instructor. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. 131 187. At the fifth command, the men will take the touch of elbows lightly to the left. 188. If the guide of the second platoon should lose his distance, or the line of direction, he will conform to the principles herein prescribed Nos. 202 and 203. 189. If the company be marching in line to the front, the instructor will cause it to break by platoon to the right by the same commands. At the command march, the platoons will wheel in the manner already explained; the man on the pivot will lake care to mark time in his place, without advancmg or reced- ing; the instructor, the chiefs of platoon, and the guides, will conform to what has been prescribed Nos. 184 and following. 190. The company may be broken by platoons to the left according to the same principles, and by in- verse means, the instructor giving the commands pre- scribed Nos. 183 and 185, substituting left for right, and reciprocally. 191. The movements explained in Nos. 183 and 189 will only be executed after the company has become well established in the principles of the march in col- umn, Articles Second and Third. Rema?-ks. 192. The instructor, placed in front of the company, will observe whether the movement be executed ac- cording to the principles prescribed above ; whether the platoons, after breaking into cdurau, are perpen- dicular to the line of battle just occupied ; and whether the guide, who placed himself where the marching 132 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. flank of his platoon had to rest, has left, between him- self and the front rank man on the r'ght, (or left,), the space necessary to contain the front of the platoon. 193. After the platoons have broken, if the rear- most guide should not accurately cover the leading one, he will not seek to correct his position till the coliunn be put in march, unless the instructor, wishing to wheel immediately into line, should think it neces- sary to rectify the direction of the guides, which would be executed as will be hereinafter explained in Ar- ticle Fifth of this lesson. 194. The instructor will observe, that the man on the right (or left) of each platoon, who, at the com- mand march, ftices to the right (or left) being the true pivot of the wheel, the front rank man next to him ought to gain a little ground to the front in wheeling, so as to clear the pivot man. Article Second. To march in column. 195. The company having broken by platoon, right (or left) in front, the instructor, wishing to cause the column to march, will throw himself twenty-five or thirty paces in front, face to the guides, place himself correctly on their direction, and caution the leading guide to take points on the ground. 196 The instructor being thus placed, the guide of the leading platoon will take two points on the SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. 133 ground in the straight line passing between his own and the heels of his instructor. 197. These dispositions being made, the instructor will step aside, and ct)mmaud : 1. Column forward. 2. Guide left (or right.) 3. March. 198. At the command march, promptly repeated by the chiefs of platoon, they, as well as the guides, will lead otf, l)y a decided step, their respective platoons, in order that the whole may move smartly, and at the same moment. 199. The men will each feel lightly the elbow of his neighbor towards the guide, and conform himself, in marching to the principles prescribed in the school of the soldier No. 327. The man next to the guide, in each platoon, will take care never to pass him, and also to march always about six inches to the right (or lett) from him, in order not to push him out of the di- rection. 200. The leading guide will observe, with the great- est precision, the length aiid cadence of the step, and maintain the direction of his march by the means pre- scribed No. 89. 201 . The following guide will march exactly in the trace of the leading one, preserving between the latter and himself a distance precisely equal to the front of his platoon, and marching in the same step with the leading guide. 202. If the following guide lose his distance from the one leading, (which can only happen by his own fault,) he will correct himself by slightly lengthening 134 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. or shorteuing a few steps, in order that there may not be sudden quickeuings or shickei;ings in the march of his phitoon. 203. If the same guide having neglected to march exactly in the trace of the preceding one, find himself sensibly out t>f the direction, he will remedy this fault by advancing more or less the shoulder opposite to the true direction, and thus, in a few steps, insensibly re- gain it, without the inconvenience of the oblique step, wljich would cause a l(»ss of distance. In all cases, each chief of platoon will cause it to conform to the movements of its gu'de. RcTnarJ^s on the march in column. 204. If the chiefs and guides of subdivisons neglect to lead ofiand to decide the march fntm the first step, the march will be begun in uncertainty which will cause waverings, a loss of step, and a loss of dit^tance. 205. If the leading guide take unequal steps the march of his subdivision, and that which follows, will be uncertain ; there will be undulations, quickeuings, and slackenings in the march. 20G. It the same guide be not habituated to prohmg a given direction, without deviation, he will describe a crooked line, and the column must wind to conform itself to such line 207. If the following guide be not habituated to march in the trace of the preceding one, he will lose his distance at every m(mient in endeavors to regain the trace, the preservation of which is the most im- portant principle in the march in column. rj fij m o ^, ^-ri -i Hj -C p -I fit 5} SCHOOL QF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. 135 208. The guide of each subdivision ia column will be responsible for the direction, distance, and step ; the chief of the subdivision, for the order and conformity of his subdivision with the movements of the guide. Accordingly, the chief will frequently turn, in the march, to observe his subdivision. 209. The instructor placed on the flank of the guides, will watch over the execution of all the principles prescribed ; he will, also, sometimes place himself in the rear, align himself on the guides, and halt, pending some thirty paces together, to verify the accuracy of the guides. 210. In column, chiefs of subdivision will always repent, with the greatest piomptitude, thecomnumds, march and lialt, no chief waiting for another, but ««ach repeating the command the moment he catches it from the instructor. They will repeat no other command given by him ; but will explain, if necessary, to their subdivision^, in an under tone of voice, what they will have to execute, as indicated by the commands of caution. Article Third. To change direction. 211. The changes of direction of a column while marching, will be executed according to the principles prescribed for wheeling on the march. Whenever, therefore, a column is to change direction, the in- 136 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY-LgriSON V. structor will change the ^ukle, if not already there, to the flank oppi site the side to which the change is to be made. 212. The coliimu being in march right in front, if it be the wish of the instructor to change the direction to the right, he will give the order to the chief of the first platoon, and immediately go himself, or send a marker to the point at which the change of direction is to be made ; the instructor, or marker, will place himself on the direction of the guides, so as to present the breast to that flank of the column. 213. The leading guide w-ill direct his march on that per^ion, so that, in passing, his left arm may just graze his breast. When the leaduig guide shall have ap- proached near to the marker, the chief of his platoon will command: 1. Right wheel. 2 March. 214. The first command will be given when the platoon is at the distance of four paces from the marker. 215. At the command inarch, which will be pronoun- ced at the instant the guide shall have arrived oppo- site the marker, the platoon will wheel to the right, conforming to what is presci ibed in the school of the soldier. No. 396. 216. The wheel being finished, the chief of each platoon will command : 3. Forward. 4. MARCH. 217. These commands will be pronouced and exe cuted as is prescribed in the school of the soldier, Nos. SCHOOL OF THE COIMPANY -LESSON V. 137 398 and 399. The guide of the first platoon will take points on the ground in the new direction, in order the better to regulate the march. 218. The second platoon will continue to march straight forward till up with the marker, when it will wheel to the right, and retake the direct march by the same commands and the same means which governed the first platoon. 219. The column being in march right in front, if the instructor should wish to change direction to the left, he will command, guide right. At this command, the two guides will move rapidly to the right of their re- spective platoons, each passing in front of his subdi- vision ; the men will take the touch of elbows to the right; the instructor will afterwards conform to what is prescribed No. 212. 220. The change of direction to the left will then be executed according to the same principles as the change of direction to the right, but by inverse means. 221. When the change of direction is completed, the instructor will command, guide left. 222. The changes of direction in a column, left in front, will be executed according to the same princi- ples. 223. In changes of direction in double quick time, the platoons will wheel according to the principles prescribed in the school of the soldier. No. 404. 224. In order to prepare the men for those forma- tions in line, which can be executed only by turning 10* 133 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. to the right or the left, the instructor will sometimes cause the column to change direction to the side of the guide. In this ease, the chief of the leading pla- toon will command: Left for right) turn, instead of left (or right) wheel. The subdivisions will each turn, in succession, conforming to what is prescribed in the school of the st)ldier. No. 402. The leading guide, as soon as he has turned, will take points on the ground, the better to regulate the direction of the march. 225 It is highly important, in order to preserve dis- tances and the direction, that all the subdivisions of the column should change direction precisely at the point where the leading subdivision changed ; it is for this reason that that point ought" to be marked in ad- vance, and that it is prescribed that the guides direct their march on the marker, also that each chief of sub- division shall not cause the change to commence till the guide of his subdivision has graced the breast of this marker. 226. Each chief will take care that his subdivision arrives at the point of change in a square with the line of direction ; with this view, he will face to his subdi- vision when the one which precedes has commenced to turn or to wheel, and he will be watchful that it con- tinues to march squarely until it arrives at the point where the change of direction is to commence. 227. If, in the changes of direction, the pivot of the subdivision which wheels should not clear the wheel- ing point, the next subdivision would be arrested and distances lost; lor the guide who conducts the march- ing flank having to describe an arc, in length about a half greater than the front of the subdivision, the SCPIOOL OF THIC COMPANY— LESSON V. 139 second subdivision would be already up with the wheeling point, whiktthe first which wheels has yet the half of its front to execute, and h-^nce would be obliged to mark time until that half be executed. It is there- fore prescribed, that the pivot of each subdivision should take steps of nine or eleven inches in length, according to the swiftness of the gait, in order not to an est the march of the next subdivision. The chiefs of subdivisi(!U will look well to the step of the pivot, and cause his step to be lengthened or shortened as may be judged necessary. By the nature of this move- ment, the centre of each subdivision will bend a little to the rear. 228. The guides will never alter the length or the cadence of the step, whether the change of direction be to the side of the guide or to the opposite side. 229. The marker, placed at the wheeling point, will always present his breast to the flank of the column. The instructor will take the greatest pains in causing the prescribed principles to be observed ; he will see that each subdivision only commences the change of direction when the guide, grazing the breast of the marker, has nearly passed him, and, that the march- ing flank does not describe the arc of too large a circle, in order that it may not be thrown beyond the new di- rection. 230. In change of direction by wheel the guide of the wheeling flunk will cast his eyes over the ground at the moment of commencing the wheel, and will de- scribe an arc of a circle whose radius is equal to the front of the subdivision. 140 scijool of the company— lesson v. ^ Article Fourth. To halt the column. 231. The column being in march, when theiustruc- toi- shall wish to halt it, he \\ill command : 1. Column. 2. Halt, 232. At the second command, promptly repeated by the chiefs of platoon, the column will halt; the guides also will stand fast, although they may* have lost both distance and direction. 233. If the command halt, be not repeated with the greatest vivacity, and executed at the same instant, dis- tances will be h)st. 234. If a guide, having lost his distance, seek to recover it after that command, he will only throw his fault on the following guide, who, if he have marched well, will no longer be at his proper distance; and if the latter regain what he has thus lost, the movement will be propagated to the rear of the column. Article Fifth. Being in column hy platoon, to form to the right or left into line of battle, either a! a halt or on the tnarch. 235. The instructor having halted ^ the column, right in front, and wishing to form it into line of SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. 141 battle, will place himself at platoon distance in front of the leading guide, face to him, and rectify, if necessa- ry, the position of the guide beyond ; which being ex- ecuted, he will command : Left— Dress. 23G. At this command, which will not be repeated by the chiefs of platoon, each of them will place him- self briskly two paces outside of his guide, and direct the alignment of the platoon perpendicularly to the di- rection of the column. 237. Each chief having aligned his platoon, will command Front, and return quickly to his place in column. 238. This disposition being made, the instructor will command: 1. Left into line wheel. 2. MARCH. 239. At the command march, briskly repeated by the chiefs of platoon, the front rank man on the left of each platoon will face to the left, and place his breast lightly against the arm of the guide by his side, who stands fast; the platoons will wheel to the left on the principle of wheels from a halt, and in conftu-mity to what is prescribed No. 194. Each chief will turn to his platoon to observe its movement, and when the marching flank has approached near the line of battle, he will command : 1. Platoon. 2. Halt. 142 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY- LESSON V. 240. The command halt will be given -wLcn the marching flank of the i)hitoon is three paces from the line of battle. 241 . The chief of the second platoon, having halted it, willretnrn to his place as a file closer, passing around the left of his subdivision. 242. The captain having halted the first platoon, will move rapidly to the point at which the right of the company will rest in line of battle, and command : Right— T>K^SS. 243. At this command, the two platoons will dress up on the alignment; the front rank man on the right of the leading platoon, who finds himself opposite the instructor established on the direction of the guides, will ]>lace his breast lightly against the left arm of this oflicer. The captain will direct the alignment from the right on the man on the opposite flank of the com- pany. 244. The company being aligned, the captain will command : Front. 245. The instructor seeing the company in line of battle, will command : Guides— ?O^TS. 246. At this command, the covering sergeant will cover the captain, and the left guide will return to his place as a file closer. 247. If the column be left in front, and the instruc- tor should wish to form it to the right into line of battle SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. 143 ]ic ^vill place himself at platoon distance in front of the Iciiding yuide, face to him, and rectify, if necessaiy, the position of the guide beyond; which being execu- ted, he will command : 1. Right into line, xchcd 2. March. 248. At the command march, the front rank man on the right of each platoon will f:ice to the right and place his breast lightly against the left arm of the guide by his side, who stands fast ; each platoon will wheel to the right, and will be halted by its chief, when the marching flank has approached near the line of battle; for this purpose, the chief of each platoon will com- mand : 1. Platoon. 2. Halt. 240. The C(nnniand halt, will be given when the marchi)ig tt;tnk of the platoon is three paces from the line of battle. The chief of the second platoon having halted his platoon, will resume his place in the rank of file closers. 250. The captain having halted the first platoon, will move briskly to the point at which the left of the com- pany will rest, and comm.and: Le/it— Dress. 251. At this command, the two platoons will dress up on the alignment ; the man on the left of the sec- ond phito(»n, opposite the instructor, v\ill place his breast %htly against the right arm of this officer, and the captain will direct the alignment from the left on the mau on the opposite flank of the company. 144 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESS JN V. 252. The company being aligned, the captain will command : Front. 253. The instructor will afterwards command : Guides — Posts. 254. At this command, the captain will move to the right of his company, the covering sergeant will cover him, and the left guide will return to his place as a file closer. 255. The instructor may omit the command left or right (l7-ess, previous to commanding left or right into line, irhccl, unless, after rectifying the position of the guides, it should become necessary to dress the pla- toons, or one of them, latterally to ihe right or left. 256. The instructor, before the command left (or right) into line, wheel, will assure himself that the rear- most platoon is at its exact wheeling distance from the one in front. This attention is impt)rtaut, in order to detect negligence on the part of guides in this essential point. 257. If the column bo marching right in front, and the instructor should wish to f(»rm it into line without halting the column, he will give the commands pre- scribed No. 238, and move rapidly to platoon distance in front of the leading guide. 258. At the command march, briskly repeated by the chiefs ofplatoon, tlie left guides will halt ghort, the instructor, the chiefs ofplatoon, and the platoons, will conform to what is prescribed No. 239 and following. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON V. 145 259. If the column be in march left in front, this for- mation will be made according to the same principles, and by inverse means. 260. If the column be marching right in front, and the instructor should wish to form it into line without haltiuir the column, and to march the company in line to the front, he will command : 1. Bij platoons left tcheel. 2. MARCH. 261. At the command march, briskly repeated by the chiefs of platoon, the left guides will halt ; the man next to the left guide in each platoon will mark time; the platoons will wheel to the left, conforming to the principles of the wheel on a fixed pivot. When the right of the platoons shall arrive near the line of bat- tle, the instructor will command : 3. Forward. 4. March. 5. Guide right for left.) 262 At the fourth command, given at the instant the wheel is completed, all the men of the company will move off together with the step of twenty-eight inches; the captain, the chief of the second platoon, the_ covering sergeant, and the left guide wall take their positions as in line of battle. 263. At the fifth command, which will be given im- mediately after the fourth, the captain and covering sergeant, if not already there, will move briskly to the side on which the guide is designated. The non-com- missioned officer charged with the direction will move 146 SOHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. rapidly in front of the guide, and will be assured in his line of march by the instructor, as is prescribed No. 104. That non-commissioned officer will immediately take points on the ground as indicated in the same number. The men will take the touch of elbows to the side of the guide, conforming themselves to the principles of the march in line. 264. The same principles are applicable to a colunm left in front. LESSON SIXTH. Article First. To hreak the company into j^^citoons, and to rc-forni the company. To hreah the coinjmny into flatoons. 265. The company marching in the cadenced step, and supposed to make part of a column, right in front, when the instructor shall wish to cause it to break by plato{>n, he will give the order to the captain, who will connnand: 1. Break into platoons^ and immediately place himself before the centre of the first platoon. 266. At the command break into platoons, the first lieutenant will pass quickly around the left to tlie cen- tre of his platoon, and give the caution : Mark time. 267. The captain will then command: 2. March. VS: 5--3E& :rirT:3 a; S a CD mt%' SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY . ^^^^^ ^j I47 268. The first platoon will contin,, , uiarch straight forward ; the covering sergeant wi,'*^^^^^.^ ^.g^. pidly to the left flank of this platoon (passinj^^^, ^^^ front rank) as soon as the flank shall be disengaj»p^_ 269. At the command march, given by the captain, the second platoon will begin to mark time; its chief will Immediaely add: 1. Right oblique. 2. March. The last command will be given so that this platoon may commence obliquing the instant the rear rank of the first platoon shall have passed. The men will shorten the step in obliquing, so that when the com- mand /or?mr(Z march IS given, the platoon may have its exact distance. 270. The guide of the second platoon being near the direction of the guide of the first, the chief of the second will command Foricard, and add March, the instant that the guide of his platoon shall cover the guide of the first. 271. In a column, left in front, the company will break into platoon-s by inverse means applying to the first platoon all that has been prescribed for the sec- ond and reciprocally. 272. In this case, the left guide of the company will shift to the right flank of the second platoon, and the covering sergeant will remain on the right of the first. To re-form the company. 273. The column, by platoon, being in march, right in front, when the instructor shall wish to cause it to form company, he will give the order to the captain, who will command : Form company. 274. Having given this command, the captain will 148 SCHOOI '' ™^ COMPANY-LESSON VI. ini media f •'^^^ * ^' ^^^^^^ P^^^^oo7i ; 2. Riglil oblique. 275 The chief of the second platoon will caution it to .ohtinue to march straight forward. 276. The captain will then command : 3. March. 277. At this command, repeated bj- the chief of the second, the first platoon will oblique to the right, in order to unmask the second ; the covering sergeant, on the left of the first platoon, will return to the right of the company, passing by the front rank. 278. When the first platoon shall have nearly un- masked the second, the captain will command : 1. Mark time, and at the instant the unmasking shall be complete, he will add : 2. March. The first pla- toon will then cease to oblique, and mark time. 279. In the moan time the second platoon will have continued to march straightforward, and when it shall be nearly up with the first, the captain will command Forward, and at the instant the two platoons shall unite, add March ; the first platoon will then cease to mark time. 280. In a column, left in front, the same movement will be executed by inverse means, the chief of the second platoon giving the command Foricard, and the captain adding the command March, when the pla- toons are united, 281. The guide of the second platoon, on its right, will pass to its left flank the moment the platoon be- gins to oblique ; the guide of the first, on its right, re- maining on that flank of the platoon. 282. The instructor will also sometimes cause the company to break and reform, by platoon, by his own SCHOOL OF TflE COMPANY— LESSON VL 149 direct commands. In this case, he will give the gen- eral commands prescribed for the captain above : 1. Break into platoons; 2. MARCH; and 1. Form Company; 2. MARCH. 283. If, in breaking the company into platoons, the subdivision that breaks off should mark time too long, it might, in a column of many subdivisions, arrest the march of the following one, which would cause a lengthening of the column, and a loss of distances. 284. In breaking into platoons, it is necessary that the platoons which oblique should not shorten the step too much, in order not to lose distance in column, and not to arrest the march of the following subdi- vision. 285. If a platoon obliques too far to a flank, it would be obliged to oblique again to the opposite flank, to regain the direction, and by the double move- ment arrest, probably, the march of the following subdivision. 286. The chiefs of those platoons which oblique will face to their platoons, in order to enforce the observ- ance of the forgoing principles. 287. When, in a column of several companies, they break in succession, it is of the greatest importance that each company should continue to march in the same step, without shortening or slackening, whilst that which precedes breaks, although the following company should close up on the preceding one. This attention is essential to guard agarinst an elongation of the column. 288. Faults of but little moment, in a column of a few companies, would be serious inconveniences in a general column of many battalions. Hence the in- 150 SCHOOL OF THE C'MPANY— LESSON VL structor will give the greatest care in causing all the prescribed principles to be strictly observed. To this end, he will hold himself on the directing flank, the better to observe all the nioveuments. Article Second. Being in column^ to hreak files to the rear, and to cause them to re-enter into line. 289. The company being in march, and supposed to constitute a subdivision of a column, right for left) in front, when the instructor shall wish to cause files to break oft'he will give the' order to the captain, who will immediately turn to his company, and command: 1. Two files from left {oY right) to rear. 2. March. 290. At the command march, the two files on the left ("or right) of the company will mark time, tlie others will continue to march straight forward ; the two rear rank men of these files will, as soon as the rear rank of the company shall clear them, move to the right by advancing the outer shoulder; the odd num- ber will place himself behind the third file from that flank, the even number behind the fourth, passing for this purpose behind the odd number; the two front rank men will, in like manner, m(»ve to the right when the rear rank of the company shall clear them, the odd number will place himself behind the first file, the even r„^,^ . . ^H ^H i^l V <^^*^ W 9 tj ,A M^ rt ■^ TT^Tc:r.T7Ti"t!rTrTTTxrrxT SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VL 151 number behind the second file, passing for this purpose behind the odd number. If the files are broken from the right, the men will move to the left, advancing the outer shoulder, the even miniber of therear rank will place himself behind the third file, the odd number of the same rank behind the fourth ; the even number of the front rank behind the first file, the odd number of same rank behind the second, the odd numbers for this purpose passing behind the even numbers. The men will be careful not to lose their distances and to keep aligned. 291. If the instructor should still wish to break two files from the same side, he will give the order to the captain, who will proceed as above directed. 292. At the command march, given by the captain, the files already broken, advancing a little the outer shoulder, will gain the space of two files to the right, if the files are broken from the left, and to the left, if the files are broken from the right, shortening, at the same time, the step, in order to make room between themselves and the rear rank of the company for the files last ordered to the rear ; the latter will break by the same commands and in the same manner as the first. The men who double should increase the length of the step in order to prevent distances from being lost. 293. The instructor may thus diminish the front of a company by breaking off successive groups of two files, but the new files must always be broken from the same side. 294. The instructor, wishing to cause files broken off to return into line, he will give the order to the captain, who will immediately command : 152 SCHOOL OF THE COxMPANY— LESSON VL 1. Two Jiles into line. 2. March. 295. At the command march, the first two files of those marching by the flank will return briskly into line, and the others will gain the space of two tiles by advancing the inner shoulder towards the flank to which they belong. 29G. The captain w'ill turn to his company, to watch the observance of the principles which have just been prescribed. 297. The instructor having caused groups of two files to break one after another, and to return again into line, will afterwards cause two or three groups to break together, and for this purpose, will command: Four or six Jiles from left (or right) to rear; March. The files desifiuated will mark time ; each rank will ad- vance a little the outer shoulder as soon as the rear rank of the company shall clear it, w-ill oblique at once, and each group will place itself behind the four-j neighboring files, and in the same manner, as if the' movement had been executed group by group, taking care that the distances are preserved. 298. The instructor will next order the captain to cause two or three groups to be brought into line at once, who turning to the couipany, will command: Four or six files into line — March. 299. At the command inarch, the files designated will advance the inner shoulder, move up and form on the flank of the company by the shortest lines. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VL 153 300. As often as files shall break off to the rear, the guide on that flank will gradually close on the nearest front rank man remaining in line, and he will also open out to make room for files ordered into line. 'SOI. The files which march in the rear are disposed in the following order: the left files as if the company- was marching by the right flank, and the right files as if the company was marching by the left flank. Con- sequently, whenever there is on the right or left of a subdivision, a file which does i.ot belong to a group, it will be broken singly. 302. It is necessary to the preservation of distances in column that the men should be habituated in the schools of detail to execute the movements of this arti- cle w'ith precision. 303. If new^ files broken off do not step well to the left or right in obliquing ; if, when files are ordered into line, they do not move up with promptitude and precision, in either case the following files will be ar- rested in their march, and thereby cause the column to be lengthened out. 304. The instructor will place himself on the flank from which the files are broken, to assure himself of the exact observance (f the principles. 305. Files will only be broken off from the side of direction, in order that the whole company may easily pass from the front to the flank march. 11^ J 54 fc-CHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON Vf. Article Third. To march the column in route, ,<;vrZ to execute 306. The swiftness of the route step will be one hundred and ten steps in a minute; this swiftness will be hubitually maintained in columns in route, when, the roads and ground may permit. 307. The company being at a halt, and supposed to constitute a subdivision of a column, when the in- structor shall wish to cause it to march in the route step, Ife will command: 1. Column, joricard. 2. Guide, left (or right) 3. Route step. 4. March. 308. At the command march, repeated by the cap- tain, the two ranks will step ofi' t<»gether ; the rear rank vv^ill take, iirmarching, by shorteninL': a few steps, a distance of one pace (twenty-eight inches) from the rank preceding, which distance will be computed from the breasts of the men in the reaj.' rank, to the knap- sacks of the men in the front rank. The men, with- out further connnand, will immediately carry their arms at ivill, as indicated in the school ie.sci-ibed in the school of the soldier, No, 403. Its guide will so direct bis inarch as to bring the front rank man, next on his left, opposite to the instructor ; the chief of the platoon will march befisre its centre ; and when its guides shall be near the line of battle, he will connnand : 1. Platoon 2. Halt. 349. At the command halt, which will be given at the instant the right of the platoon shall arrive at the distance of three paces from the line of battle, the pla- toon will halt ; the files not yet in line, will come up promptly. The guide w^ill throw himself on the line ot battle, opposite to one of the three left files of his pla- toon ; he will face to the instructor, who wmII align him on the point of direction to the left. The chief of pla- toon having*, at the same time, gone to the point where the right of the company is to rest, will, as soon as he sees all the files of the platoon in line, command : Right — Dress 350. At this, the first platoon w^ill align itself; the front rank m ui, w-lio finds himself opposite to the guide, wil! rest his breast lightly against the right arm ofthis guide, and the chief of the platoon, from the right, will direct the alignment on this man. 351. The second platoon will continue to march straight forward, until its guide shall arrive opposite to the left file of the first; it will then turn to the r-ght at the Ciuiimand of its chief, and march towaidsthe line of battle, its guide directing himself on the left file of the first platoQu. , 164 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VL 352. The guide having arrived at the distance of three paces from the line of battle, this platoon will be halted, as prescribed for the first ; at the instant it halts, its guide will spring on the line of battle, oppo- site to one of the three left files, of his platoon, and will be assured in his position by the instructor. 353. The -chief of the second platoon, seeing all its files in line, and its guide established on the direction, will command : Right — Dress. 354. Having given this command, he will return to his place as a file closer, passing around the left ; the second platoon will dress up on the alignment of the firs-t, and, when established, the captain will com- mand : Front. 355. The movement ended, the instructor will com- mand : Guides — POSTS. 356. At this command, the two guides will return to their places in line of battle. 357. A column, by platoons, left in front, will form on the left into line of battle, according to the same principles, and, by inverse means, applying to the se- cond platoon what is prescribed for the first, and re- ciprocally. The chief of the second platoon having aligned it, from the point of appui, (the left,) will SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VL 1C5 retire to bis place as a file closer. The captain having halted the first platoon three paces behind the line of battle, will go to the same point to align this platoon, and then command : Front. At the command, guides — posts, given by the instructor, the captain will shift to his proper flank, and the guides take their* places in the line of battle. 358. When the companies of a regiment are to be exercised, at the same time, in the school of the com- pany, the colonel will indicate the lesson or lessons they are severally to execute. The whole will com- mence by a bugle signal, and terminate in like man- ner. Formation of a company from tico ranks into single ra-nk, and reciprocally. 359. The company being formed into two ranks in the manner indicated No. 8, school of the soldier, and supposed to make part of a column, right or left in front, when the instructor shall wish to form it into single rank, he will command : 1. In one rank, form company. 2. March. 360. At the first command, the right guide will face to the right. 361. At the command march, the right guide will step off and march in the prolongation of the front rank. 362. The first file will step off at the same time with the guide ; the front rank man will turn to the right at the first step, follow the guide, and be himself followed by the rear rank man of his file, who will come to turn 166 SCHOOL OF TIIE COMPANY-LESSON VI. on the same spot where he had turned. The second file, and successively all the other file^, will step off as has been prescribed for the first, the front rank man of each file following immediately the rear rank man of theiile next on his right. The captain will super- intend the moTcment, and when the last man shall have stepped off, he will halt the company, and face it to the front. . . ' ii.i.i ■■h,' !■;:■-( ■■.'•. •!( ..Ml... 3G3. The file closers will take their j^laces in line of buttle, two paces in rear of the rank. 3G-i. The company being in single rank, when the instructor shall wish to form it into two ranks, he will couimaiid : 1. In two ranks, form company. 2. Company right — Face. 3. March. 3G5. At the second command, the company will face to the right ; the right guide and the man on the right will remain faced to the front. 3GC. At the command march, the men who have faced to the right, will step viY, and form files in the following manner: the second num in the rank will place himself behind the first to form the first file ; the third will place himself by the side of the first in the front rank ; the fourth behind the third in the rear rank. All others will, in like manner, place them- slves, alternately, in the front and rear rank, and \\ ill thus form files of two men, on the left of those already formed. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. 1G7 3G7. The formations above described will be habitu- ally executed by the right of companies ; but wht-u the instructor shall wish to have theui executed by the left, he will face the company about, and post the guides in the rear rank. 36S. The formation will then be executed by the same commands, and according to the same prin- ciples as by the front rank ; the movement commencing with the left file, now become the right, and in each file by the rear rank man, now become the front ; the left guide will conform to what has been prescribed for the right. i]uD. The furma/tiou ended, the instructor will face the company to its pmper front. 370. When a battalion in line has to execute either of the formations above described, the colonel will cause it to break to the rear by the right or left of companies, and will then give the commands just pre- scribed for the instructor. Each company will execute the movement as if acting singly. Formation of a company from tico ranks into four, and reciprocally, at a halt, and in march. 371. The company being formed in two ranks, at a halt, and supposed to form part of a column right in front, w^hen the instructor shall wish to form it into four ranks, he will command : 1. In four ranks, form company. 2. Company left — Face. 3. March (or double quick — March.J 372. At the scond command, the left guide will remain faced to the front, the company will face to 168 SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VL the left; the rear rank will gain the distance of one pace from the front rank by a side step to the K-ft and rear, and the men will form into four ranks as pre- scribed in the school of the soldier. 373. At the command march, the first file of four men will reface to the front without undoubling. All the other files of four will step off, and closing succes- sively to about five inches of the i/i-eceding file, will halt, and immediately face to the front, the men re- maining doubled. 374. The file closers will take their new places in line of battle, at two paces in rear M the fourth rank. 375. The captain will superintend the movement. 376. The company being in four ranks, when the instructor shall wish to form it into two ranks, he will command : 1. In two ranks, form company. 2. Compamj right Face. 3. March Cor double quick— Makgii.) 377. At the second command the left guide will stand fast, the company will fiice to the right. 378. At the command march, the right guide will step off and march in the prolongation of the front rank. The leading file of four men will step off at the same time, the other files standing fast ; the second file will step off when there shall be between it and the first space suflftcient to form into two ranks. The following files will execute successively what has been prescribed for the second. As soon as the last file shall have its distance, the instructor will com mand : SCIIO.'L OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. 169 1. Company. 2. Halt. 3. Front. 879. At the comnViWid front, the company will face to the front, and the files will undouble. 380. The company being formed in two ranks, and marching to the front, when the instructor shall wish to form it into four ranks, he will command : 1. In four ranks, form coynpany. 2. By the left, double files. 3. 'MA.Riiw {ov double quick — March.) 381. At the command march, the left guide and the left file of the company will continue to march straight to the front ; the company will make a half face to the left, the odd numbers placing themselves behind the even numbers. The even numbers of the rear rank will shorten their steps a little, to permit the odd numbers of the front rank to get between them and the even numbers of that rank. The files thus formed of fours, except the left file, will continue to march obliquely, lengthening their steps slightly, so as to keep constantly abreast of the guide; each file will close successively on the file next on its left, and when at the proper distance from that file, will face to the front by a half fiiee to the right, and take the touch of elbows to the left. 382. The company being in march to the front in four ranks, when the instructor shall wish to form it into two ranks, he will command : 12* 170 S(;iIOOL OF THE COMPANY— LESSON VI. 1. In two ranks, fonn company. 2. By the right, 7tn- double files . 3. %iARCU (ov double quick — Makch.) • 383. At the command march, the left guide and the left file of the company will continue to march straight to the front ; the company will make a half face to the right and march obliquely, lengthening the i;u-e in front ,;.4 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 177 25. At the command march, the left group of four men, conducted by the f«turtli sergeant, will direct it- self on the point indicated; all the other groups of fours throwing forward briskly the left shoulder, will move diagonally to the front in double quick time, so as to gain to the right the space of twenty paces, which shall be the distance between each group and that im- mediately on its left. When the second group from the left shnll arrive on a line with, and twenty paces from the first, it will march straight to the front, con- forming to the gait and direction of the first, keeping constantly on the game alignment and at twenty paces from it. The third group, and all the others, will con- form to what has just been prescribed for the second; they will ariive successively on the line. The right guide will arrive with the last group. 26. The left guide having reached the point where the left of the line should rest, the captain vv'ill com- mand the skirmishers to halt; the men composing each group of fours will then immediately deploy at five paces frimi each other, and to the right and left of the h'out rank man of the even file in each group, the rear rank men placing themselves on the left of their file leaders. If any groups be not in line at the command halt, they will move up rapidly, conforming to what has just been prescribed. 27. If, during the deployment, the line should be fired upon by the enemy, the captain may cause the groups of fours to deploy, as they gain theit properdis- tauces. 23. The line being formed, the non-commissioned officers on the right, left and centre of the platoon will 178 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. place themselves ten paces in rear of the line ami op- posite the positions they respectively occupied. The chiefs of sections will promptly rectify any irregulari- ties, and then place themselves twenty-five or thirty paces in reai- of the centre of their sections, each hav- ing with him four men taken from the reserve, and also a bugler wlio will repeat, if necessary, the signals sounded by the captain. 29. Skirmishers should be particularly instructed to take advantage of any cover which the ground may offer, and should, lie flat on the ground whenever such a movement is necessary to protect them from the fire of the enemy. Regularity in the alignment should yield to this important advantage. 30. When the movement begins, the first lieutenant will face the second platoon about, r\u(\ march it prompt- ly, and by the shortest line, to about one liundred and fifty paces in rear of the centre of the line. He will hold it always at this distance, unless ordered to the contrary. 31. The reserve will conform itself to all the move- ments of the line. This rule is general. 32. Light troops will carry their bayonets habitually in the scabbard, and this rule applies equally to the skirmishers and the reserve ; whenever bayonets are required to be fixed, a particular signal will bo given. The captain will give a general superintendence to the whole de|)]oym('iit, and then promptly place himself about eighty paces in rear of the centre t)f the line. He wall have with him a bugler and four men taken from the reserve. INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 1T9 33. The deployment may be made on the right or the centre of the phitoon, by the same commands, sub- stituting the indication right or centre, for that of trft file. 34. The deph)ymentonthe right or the centre will be made accordilig to the principles prescribed above : in this latter case, the centre of the platoon will be marked by the right group of fours in the second sec- tion ; the fifth sergeant will place himself on the right of this group, and serve as the guidt^ of the platoon during the deploymeiit. • 35. In whatever manner the deployment be made, on the right, left, or centre, the men in each group of fours will always deploy at five paces from each other, and upon the front rank man of the even numbered file. The deployments will habitually be made at twenty paces interval ; but if a greater interval be re- quired, it will be indicated in the command. 36. If a company be thrown out as skirmishers, so near the main body as ta render a reserve unneces- sary, the entire company will be extended in the same manner, and according to the same principles, as for the deployment of a platoon. In this case, the third lieutenant will command the fourth section, and a nou-commisf'_ ■-JLSL.. ' ■■■\ .¥%" e AsnauJicfssiHed • .."" ..II- I M . ft 1 i L. ■ ' ^i^' ! 1 i ! INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 1 9* Article Fourth. THE RALLY. To form column. 127. A company deployed as skirmishers, is rallied in order to oppose the enemy with better success ; the rallies are made at a run, and with bayonets fixed ; when ordered to rally, the skirmishers fix bayonets without command. 128. There are several w\ays of rallying, which the chiefs of the line will adopt according to circum- stances. 129. If the line, marching or at a halt, be merely disturbed by scattered horsemen, it will not be neces- sary to fall back on the reserve, but the captain will cause bayonet to be fixed. If the horsemen should, however, advance to charge the skirmishers, the cap- tain will command, rfl%%/o?4rs. The line will halt if marching, and the four men of each group will ex- ecute this rally in the following manner : the front rank man of the even numbered file will take the po- sition i>i guard against cavalry; the rear rank man of the odd numbered file will also take the position of guard against cavalry, turning his back to him, his right foot thirteen inches from the right foot of the former, and parallel to it ; the front rank man of the odd file, and the rear rank man of the even file, will also place themselves back to back, taking a like pc- sition, and between the two men already established, facing to the right and left ; the right feet of the four 198 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. men will be brought together, forming a square, and serving for mutual support. The four men in each group will come to a ready, fire as occasion mAy of- fer, and load without moving their feet. 130. The captain and chiefs of sections will each cause the four men who constitute his guard to form square, the men separating so as to enable him and the bugler to place themselves in the centre. The three sergeants will each promptly place himself in the group nearest him in the line of skirmishers. 131. Whenever the captain shall judge these squares too weak, but should wish to hold his position by strengthening his line, he will command: Rally by sections. 132. At this command, the chiefs of sections will move rapidly on the Centre group of their respective sections, or on any other interior group whose position might offer a shelter, or other particular advantage; the skirmishers will collect rapidly at a run on this group, and without distinction of numbers. The men composing the group on which the formation is made, will immediately form square, as heretofore explained, and elevate their pieces, the bayonets uppermost, in order to indicate the point on which the rally is to be made. The other skirmishers, as they arrive, will oc- cupy and fill the open angular spaces between these four men, and successively rally around the first nucleus, and in such manner as to form rapidly a compact INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 199 circle. The skirmishers will take as they arrive, the position of charge bayonets, the point of the bayonet more elevated, and will cock their pieces in this posi- tion. The movement concluded, the two exterior ranks will fire as occasion may offer, and load without moving their feet. 133. The captain will move rapidly with his guard, wherever he may judge his presence most necessary. 134. The officers and sergeants will be particular to observe that the rally is made in silence, and with promptitude and order; that some pieces in each of their subdivisions be at all times loaded, and that the fire is directed on those points only where it will be most effective. 135. If the reserve should be threatened, it will form into a circle around its chief 136. If the captain, or commander of a line of skirmishers formed of many platoons, should judge that the rally by sections does not offer sufficient re- sistance, he will cause the rally by platoons to be ex- ecuted, and for this purpose, he will command: Rally by platoons. - 137. This movement will be executed according to the same principles, and by the same means, as the rally by sections. The chiefs of platoon will conform to what has been prescribed for the chiefs of section. 138. The captain wishing to rally the skirmishers on the reserve, will command : 2G0 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. Rally on the reserve. 139. At this command, the captain will move briskly on the reserve ; the officer who commands it W'ill take immediate steps to form sc^uare ; for this purpose, he will cause the half sections on the flanks to be thrown perpendicularly to the rear; he will or- der the men to come to a ready. 140 The skirmishers of each section, taking the run, will form rapidly into groups, and upon that man of each group who is nearest the centre of the section. These groups will direct themselves dioganally to- wards each other, and in such manner as to form into sections with the greatest possible rapidity while mov- ing to the rear; the officers and sergeants will see that this formation is made in proper order, and the chiefs will direct their sections upon the reserve, taking care to unmask it to the right and left. As the skirmishers arrive, they will continue and complete the formation of the square begun by the reserve, closmg in rapidly upon the latter, without regard to their places in line; they will come to a ready without command, and fire upon the enemy ; which will also be done by the re- serve as soon as it is unmasked by the skirmishers. 141. If a section should be closely pressed by cav- alry while retreating, its chief will command halt; at this command, the men will form rapidly into a com- pact circle around the officer, who will re-form his section and resume the march, the moment he can do so with safety. 142. The formation of the square' in a prompt INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 201 aiidefficlentmanner, requires coolnfess and activity on the part of both officers and sergeants. 143. The captain will also profit by every moment of respite which the enemy's cavalry may leave him; as soon as he can, he will endeavor to place himself beyond the reach of their charges, either by gaining a position where he may defend himself with advantage, or by retu ruing to the corps to which he belongs. For this purpose, being in square, he will cause the com- pany to break into column by platoons at half dis- tance ; to this effect, he will command : 1. Forin column. 2. March. 144. At the command marc/t, each platoon will dress on its centre, and the platoon which was facing to the rear will fiice about without command. The guides will place themselves on the right and left of their respective platoons, those of the second platoon will place themselvesathalf distance from those of the first, counting from the rear rank. These dispositions being made, the captain can move the column in whatever direction he may judge proper. 145. If he wishes to march it in retreat, he will command : 1. Inretreai. 2. MARCH (or double quick- March.) 146. At the command march, the column will imme- diately face by the rear rank, and move off in the oppo- 14* 202 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. site direction. As soon as the column is in iuotion> the captain will command : 3. Guide right (or left.) 147. He will indicate the direction to the leading guide ; the guides will march at their proper distances, and the men will keep aligned. 148. If again threatened by cavalry, the captain will command : 1. Form square. 2. MARCH. 149. At the command march, the column will halt ; the first platoon will face about briskly, and the outer half sections of each platoon will be thrown perpendic- ularly to the rear, so as to form the second and third fronts of the square. The officers and sergeants will promptly rectify any irregularities which may be com- mitted. 150. If he should wish to march the column in ad- vance, the captain will command : 1. Form column. 2. MARCH. 151. Which will be executed as prescribed No. 144. 152. The column being formed, the captain will command : 1. Forward. 2. MAncn {or dotihlc quick— March.) 3. Guide left (or right.) 153. At the second command, the column will move INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRxMISilERS. 203 forward, and at the third conimaud, the men will take the touch of elbows to the side of the guide. J54. If the captain should wish the column to gain ground to the right or left, he will do so by rapid wheels to the side opposite the guide, and for this pur- pose, will change the guide whenever it may be nec- essary. 155. If a company be in column by platoon, at half distance, right in front, the captain can deploy the first platoon as skirmishers by the means already ex- plained ; but if it should be his wish to deploy the se- cond platoOn forward on the centre file, leaving the first platoon in reserve, he will command: 1. Second j)latoon — as skirmishers. 2. On the centre fie — take intervals. 3. March (ot double quick — March.) 156. At the first command, the chief of the first pla- toon will caution his platoon to stand fast ; the chiefs of sections of the second platoon will place themselves before the centre of their sections ; the fifth sergeant will place himself one pace in front of the centre of the second platoon. 157. At the second command, the chieSof the right section, second platoon, will command: Sectionright face; the chief of the left section : Section left face. l.'iS. At the command march, these sections will move off briskly in opposite directions, and having un- masked the first platoon, the chiefs of sections will respectively command : By the left flank — March, 204 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. and By the right Jlanh — March ; and as soon as these sections arrive on the alignment of the first pla- toon, they will command, As skirmishers — March. The groups will then deploy according to prescribed principles, on the right gronp of the left section, which will be directed by the fifth sergeant on the point indicated. ir)9. If the captain should wish the deployment made by the flank, the second platoon will be moved to the front by the means above stated, and halted after passing some steps beyond the alignment of the first platoon ; the deployment will then be made by the flank according to the principles prescribed. 160. When one or more platoons are deployed as skirmishers, and the captain should wish to rally them on the battalion, he will command: Rally 071 the hattalion. 161. At this command, the sKirmishers and the re- serve, no matter what position the company to which they belong may occupy in order of battle, will rap- idly unmask the front of the battalion, directing themselves in a run towards its nearest flank, and then form in its rear. 162. As soon as the skirmishers have passed beyond thelineof filaclosers, the men will take the quick step, and the chief of each platoon or section will reform his subdivision, and place it in column behind the wing on which it is rallied, and at ten paces from the rank of the file closers. These subdivisions will not be mov- ed except by order of the commander of the battalion, who may, if he thinks proper, throw them into line of INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. COS battle at the extremities of the line, or in the inter- vals between the battalions. 163. If many platoons should be united behind the same wings of a battalion, or behind any shelter what- soever, they should be formed always into close col- umn, or into column at half distance. 164. When the battalion, covered by a company of skirmishers, shall be formed into square, the phitoons and sections of the covering company will be directed by their chiefs to the rear of the square, which will be opened at the angles to receive the skirmishers, who will be then formed into close column by platoons in rear of the first front of the square. 165. If circumstances should prevent the angles of the square fr(»m being opened, the skirmishers will throw themselves at the feet of the front rank men, the right knee on the ground, the butt of the piece rest- ing on the thigh, the bayonet in a threatening position. Apart ma}' also place themselves about the angles, where they can render good service by defending the sectors without fire. 168. If the battalion on which the skirmishers are rallied be in colimm ready to forju square, the skir- mishers will be formed into close column by platoon, in rear of the centre of the third division, and at the command. Form square March, they will move for- ward and close on the buglers. 167. When skirmishers have been rallied by platoon or section behind the wings of a battalion, and it be wished to deploy them again to the front, they will be marched by the flank towards the intervals on the 206 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. wings, and be then deployed so as to cover the front of the battalion. 168. When platoons or sections, placed in the inte- rior of squares or columns, are to be deployed, they will be marched out by the flanks, and then thrown forward, as is prescribed, No. 157 ; as soon as they shall have unmasked the column or square, they will be deployed, the one on the right, the other on the left file. The assemhly. 169. A company deployed as skirmishers will be as- sembled when there is no longer danger of its being disturbed ; the assembly will be made habitually in quiclt time. 170. The captain wishing to assemble the skirmish- ers on the reserve, will command : Assemble on the reserve. 171. Atthis command, the skirmishers will assemble by groups of fours ; the fiont rank men will place them- selves behind their rear rank men ; and each group of fours will direct itself on the reserve, where each will take its proper place in the ranks. When the com- pany is re-formed, it will rejoin the battalion to which it belongs. 172. It may be also proper to assemble the skirmish- ers on the centre, or on the right or left of the line, either marching or at a halt. 173. If the captain should wish to assemble^them on the centre while marching, he will command : INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. 207 Assemble on the centre. 174. At this command, the centre guide will con- tinue to uiaich directly to the front on the point aidi- cated ; the front rank man of the directing file will fol- low the guide, and be covered by his rear rank man ; the other two comrades of this group, and likewise those on their left, will march diagonally, advancing the left shoulder and accelerating the gait, so as tore- form the groups while drawing nearer and nearer the directing file ; the men of the right section will unite in the same manner into groups, and then upon the directing file, throwing forward the right shoulder. As they successively uLite on the centre, the men will bring their pieces to the right shoulder. 175. To assemble on the right or left file will be ex- ecuted according to the same principles. 176. The assembly of a line marching in retreat will also be executed according to the same principles, the front rank men marching behind their rear rank men. 177. To assemble the line of skirmishers at a halt, and on the line they occupy, the captain w^ill give the same commands; the skirmishers will face to the right or left, according as they should march by the right or left flank, re-form the groups while marching, and thus arrive on the file which served as the point of forma- tion. As they successively arrive, the skirmishers will support arms. 208 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. Article Fifth. To deploy a hattallon as sJcirmisJicrs, and to rally this hattalion. To deploy the battalion as skirmishers. 178. A battalion beiug in line of battle, if the com- mander should wish to deploy it on the right of the sixth company, holding the three right companies in reserve, he will signify his intention to the lieutenant colonel and adjutant, and also to the major, who will be directed to take charge of the reserve. He will point out to the lieutenant colonel the direction he wishes to give the line, as well as the point where he wishes the right of the sixth company to rest, and to the commander of the reserve the place he may wish it established. 179. The lieutenant colonel will move rapidly in front of the right of the sixth company, and the adju- tant in front of the left of the same c— zzx 8 — m^ ^^ ^fW^fffff ^ £S wmrr^ pmfJrnh m ^m ^ ^lUf^nrTfl i S r^^^li-^.^^ ^ ^^ ?^ ^^ if^ ^ffgt^^^ p ^^^TfTfrM^jg^:^ i ^ ^ /T\ !J ^r_j L^P I r =t=f^3--g ^ pi 228 t 12 - TO EXTI^riUISH LI(;HTS 76 = J Allegro. If I ^=^^^ u^f^fm^m^ - ^ 13.- ASSEMBLY OF THE BlKiEERS. 160= J Presto . ^^^igP^Si m ^—i— y-pi : # ^ /» ^a 14.- ASSEMBLY OF THE GUARD . il2=J Allegro. '2 29 m^w^Wf 0. i ■d l^.-OHDKHS KOH ORDERLY SERGEAINTS '2= J Al^-rc. ^ ^W[gm » I , -g 33 LkJ 'LkJ ^IB 16 -FOR OFFICKHS TO TAKE THEIR PLACES lA LINE' AFTER FIRING. 108 = J. AJlef^ro. r^ i i 17= THE )ISPERSE . 120 = J Alleirro. ^ !? izt: 230 ^mm ^5 18.- OFFICE US CAl 2~'#T ^^^^P^ ^ ^^^^^P^ 1M.--PI5EAKFAST CALL . ''0 . O 2-4- — W^ .V.4h» fer-F: 23i '20-l)I^^EH CALL. 110 =J All.-oiu. ^^^^^^m iif -SICK CALL . flO=J Alh^^ro. q-^^-*- ^E»^ ^ I V.2- FATIGUE CALL. • 2 -J A;ietj:vt. . P^^i^^ ^^^^3TiI^ 232 4tj i' I E^^rTrrrrrr^ ^jj jt^^ im 23.-(;hliu;h cam,. 80.-0 AiKhnite. ^^^^ -^^^^m^^^M ^m 1 Z^^S^r^flZ^ ^m 24.-i)f{iiJ *:all i^ Ng^i^s^l 233 ^ ±r ^ fe^gj ^ t^=w^w^^^ ^ ^. m ^ iiSr- SCHOOL CALL Mp.J Alle ^ ^ r^ r> t=t3 e-^^ #^ -#-#t: 234. CALLS FOR SKIRMISHERS l.-FIX BATOINET. ^^ ^^mrf^^^ 2 -UNFIX BAYONET. 80=c) AiKiaii^e. 3.-yr u;k time. (Musi<- tin- sH.r.H .s i.,'^" (GENERAL CALL?) 23 fi 4.-i)()lJKI.K Q[I(;k TIME. fe # ^^ ^^^ m 233? ^^5^ ^ ^i/ -I— ^ ^ I i# T # ffi fe^Rr^ f^^^l , 5.-THE HIT^ ^g^ ^5^3jj^l ^il 236 $ 6-I)i:i>L()V AS SKlMMrSHEKS, 110 = J AIN'^r... $ ETiiL^iai 7= KOKUAHJ). 160 = J Pi.sto. tTTX3 ^^^^ ( h J J'J < i=2: tj i ^^^^^^^m 8.-IIN retri:at. 7G=J All.^To. :?^ffhe B3S3Mg 23 7 9.-HALT. 160 = J PIHSIC ^^^^^^^m ^i lO.-l'Y THi: HHiHT FLA^K. K" 3 s ES r~fr'r~tr ^ /o^ ia 11 - in THE LEFT FLA^K . 160 -J Pmsto. -Mi^± f-^-{i^^ EES #-# ^ /^ r\ r\ w-n^ m^ I i 160 = J Presto . pgBB^ 238 17, -CEASE FIR IN (i. SO -J Modeinto. Ov rirr^T i ft fi 14 -CHANGE DIRECTION TO THE RIGHT. 110- J Allegro. I ii ^m r\ r\_ r> H l.^.-CHVNfiE I)IKi:CTION TO THE LEFT. . 110 - i \I!roi„. _^ ^ ■^i ^^ pr= -51 • Hi- LIE HOWiN. -jR n- ^==± 239 17- RISE LP. P^^^^^^ iH-HALLY HY FOUHS i:^^^^^ i^)-H\I.LV BY SECTIONS. ^^m^^^^ jfeaitHFj ^^m 2l'-.{\I.U r.Y I>L\T00i\S liO=j Alho,M. as ^ #^^p^ ^^^ 2 40 21.-RALLY ON THE RESERVE 76==# Aii(l;uite . ^T^mmm $ r\ i :p=1^ 22.- ^.ALL^' GIN THE BATTALION. * 76 -J Auhuit*.. -{^-^ f!=5:,H^ ^^=^^ m IMZ^ZZME. 23.- ASSEMBLE 0^ THE BATTALION. 80 = J Audaulf;. I TABLE OF CONTENTS. Vol. I. TITLE FIRST. Article First. Page. Formation of a regiment in order of battle, or in line 5 Posts of company officers, sergeants and corporals 7 Posts of field officers and regimental staff 8 Posts of field music and band 9 Color-guard 9 General guides 10 Article Second.* Instruction of the battalion 11 Instruction of officers 13 Instruction of sergeants 14 Instruction of corporals 14 Commands 15 (24i; 242 TABLE OF CONTENTS. TITLE SECOND SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER. PART FIRST. Page. General rules and division of the school of the soldier 16 Lesson /—Position of the soldier (No. 78.) Eyes right, left and front (Nos. 80, 83; 18 Lesson //—Facings (Nos. 88,91) 23 Lesson ///—Principles of the direct step in com- mon and quick time (Nos. 94, 102) 24 Lesson IV — Principles of the double quick step (No. 104) 26 PART SECOND. General rules 28 Lesson /—Principles of shouldered arms 29 Lesson //—Manual of arms. Support arms (No. 133.) Present arms (No. 143.) Order arms (No. 147.) Position of order arms (No. 149.) Load in nine times (No. 156.) Ready (No.* 171.) Aim (No. 174.) Fire fNo. 177.) Fix bayonet (No. 188. ) Charge bayonet (No. 193.) TABLE OF CONTENTS. 243 Trail arms (No. 197.) Unfix bayonet (No. 200.) Secure arms (No. 204.) Right shoulder shift arms fNo. 210.; Arms at will CNo. 219.; Ground arms (No. 222.) Inspection arms CNo. 227.) Remarks on the manual of arms (No. 237.) Mark time (No. 241.) Change step (No. 245.) March backwards (No. 247) 30 Lesson ///—Load in four times (No. 250.) Load at will (No. 257; 5C Lesson IF — Firings. Direct fire (No. 261.) Oblique firings (No. 266.) Position of the two ranks in the oblique fire to the right (No. 267.) Position of the two ranks in the oblique fire to the left CNo. 270.) Fire by file (No. 275.; fire by rank (No. 285; 57 Lesson V — Fire and load kneeling (No. 292.) Fire and load lying, fNo. 300.; 63 Lesson T/— Bayonet exercise 65 PART THIRD. Lesson I — Alignments 67 Lesson //—March by the front (No. 325.) March by the front in double quick time (No 334.) Face about in marching (No. 343.) March backwards [No. 345] 70 Lesson ///—March by the flank [No. 351.] March by the flank in double quick time [No. 368] 76 244 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Lesson IV — General Principles of wheeling [No. 377.] Wheeling from a halt [No. 383.] Wheel- ing in marching [No. 393.] Turning [No. 400.] Wheeling and turning in double quick time [No. 403] 80 Lesson V — Long marches in double quick time and the run [No. 406.] Stack arms [No. 410.] Take arms [No. 413] 67 TITLE THIRD. SCHOOL OF THE COMPANY. General rules and division of the school of the company 90 Lesson First. Article /—To open ranks [No. 8] 93 Article //—Alignments in open ranks [No. 18..] 95 Article ///—Manual of arms [No 26] 97 Article IV— To close ranks [No. 28] 98 Article V — Alignments, and manual of arms In closed ranks [No. 30] 98 table of contents. 245 Lesson Second. Page. Article I— To load in four times, and at ■mil (No. 44) 100 Article //—To fire by company (No. 48) 101 Article Ill—To fire by file (No. 55) 102 Article IV— To fire by rank (No. 58) 103 Article F— To fire by the rear rank (No. 68)... 105 Lesson* Third. Article I— To advance in line of battle (No. 84). 108 Article II— -To halt the company, marching in line of battle, and to align it (No. 99) Ill Article ///—Oblique march in line of battle (No. 101) Ill Article IV— To mark time, to march in double quick time, and the back step (No. 109) 113 Article V — To march in retreat (No. 119) 115 Lesson Fourth. Article I— To march by the flank (No. 135) 118 Aiticle II— To change direction by file (No. 142) 120 Article III — To halt the company, marching by the flank, and to face it to the front (No. 145) 121 246 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Article IV — The company being in march by the flank, to form it on the right or left, by file, into lineofbattle (No. 148) 121 Article V — The company marching by the flank, to form it by company or platoon into line, and cause it to face to the right and left in marching (No. 153) 123 Lesson* Fifth Article I — To break into column by platoon, either at a halt, or marching (No. 171) 127 Article //—To march in column CNo. 195) 132 Article III— To change direction (No. 211; 135 Article IV— To halt the column (No. 231 ) 140 Article V — Being in column by platoon, to form to the right or left into line of battle, either at a halt, or marching (No. 235) 140 Lesson Sixth. Article I— To break the company into platoons, and to re-form the company (No. 265) 146 Article II— To break files to the rear, and to cause them to re-enter into line (No. 289) 150 Article III— To mai-ch in column in route, and to execute the movements incident thereto (No. 306; 154 Article /F—Countermarch (No. 334) 160 table of contents. 247 Page. Article V — Being in column by platoon, to form on the right or left into line of battle (No. 343). 162 Formation of a company from two ranks int(T sin- gle rank, and reciprocally 'CNo. 359) 165 Formation of a company from two ranks into four and reciprocally, at a halt, and marching (No. 371) 167 INSTRUCTION FOR SKIRMISHERS. General principles and division of the instruction. 171 Article First. Deployments (No. 15). Deploy forward (No. 22. ) Deploy by the flank CNo. 37). Extend interval Is CNo. 51 ;. Close intervals CNo. 59;. Relieve skirmishers CNo. 66J 174 Article Second. March to the front CNo. 71^. March in retreat CNo. 79). Change direction (No. 86.) March by the flank (No. 96) 186 248 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Article Third. Page. Firings (No. 106). Fire at a halt (No. 107.) Fire marching [No. 111]. Observations [No. 120]. 191 Article Fourth. Rally [No. 127]. Rally by sections [No. 132]. Rally by platoons [No. 137]. Rally on the re- serve [No. 139]. Formcolumn[No.l43]. Rally on the battalion [No. 161 ]. Assemble on the reserve [No. 171]. Assemble on the centre [No. 174] 197 Article Fifth. Deploy the battalion as skirmishers [No. 178]. Observations [No. 194]. Rally [No. 197].... 208 Manual of the sabre for officers 214 Salute of the color 215 Manual for relieving sentinels 215 Instruction for parade rest 216 Instruction for chief bugler, &c 217 General calls - 217 Calls for skirmishers 218 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 249 MUSIC. GENERAL G^LLS. Page. 1. Attention 221 2. The general 222 3. The assembly 222 4. Tothecolor 223 5. The recall 223 6. Quicktime 223 7. Double quick time 224 8. The charge 225 9. The reveille 226 10. Retreat 226 11. Tattoo 227 12. To extinguish lights 228 13. Assembly of the buglers 228 14. Assembly of the guard 228 1 5. O rders for orderly sergeants 229 16. For officers to take their places in line after firing 229 17. The disperse 229 18. Officers' call 230 19. Breakfast call 230 20. Dinnercall 231 21. Sick caU 231 22. Fatigue call 231 23. Church call 232 24. Drill call 232 25. School call 233 250 TABLE OF CONTENTS. CALLS FOR SKIRMISH:EES. Page 1. Fix bayonet 231 2. Uufix bayonet 23-1 3. Quick time 234 4. Double quick time 21^ 5. The run 1 235 6. Deploy as skirmishers 236 7. Forward 236 8. In retreat 236 9. Halt 237 10. By the right flank 237 11. By the left flank 237 12. Commence firing 237 13. Cease firing 2".?8 14. Change direction to the right 2'.i8 15. Change direction to the left 238 16. Lie down 2:J8 17. Rise up 239 18. Rally by fours 239 19. Rally by sections 235) 20. Rally by platoons 239 21. Rally on the reserve 240 22. Rally on the battalion 210 23. Assemble on the battalion 2-10 END OP VOL. I. ! I A4