REPGllT OF THE 
 
 POSTMASTER GENERAL, 
 
 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT, 
 Richmond, Va., Nov. 27tli, ISGl. 
 
 Sir; 
 
 I have the honor to submit the following statement of tli. 
 condition of the business of the Post Office Department. 
 
 On the 29th day of April last, I had the honor of sub- 
 mitting to you a report of the condition and progress of 
 organization of the Post Office Department, and-of'^'juesent- 
 ing a plan for the organization of its sevtrail Bureaiis. and 
 of the office of Auditor of the Treasury for the Post Office 
 Department, and of suggesting such changes and modifica- 
 tions in the laws relating to the postal service as our new 
 condition required, and of asking for authority to assume 
 the entire control of the postal service in the Confederate 
 States. 
 
 Under the provisions of the first section of the act of 
 Congress, of May 9th, 1861, '*To amend An Act, vesting 
 certain powers in the Postmaster General, approved March 
 1 .5th, 186 1 ," the requisite authority Avas given to him to issue 
 his proclamation, fixftig a day on which he would assume the 
 control of the postal service. Pursuant to that authority 
 the following proclamation was issued on the 13th day o*^f 
 May, fixing the 1st day of June, for the commencement o^ 
 the service, to wit : 
 
Whereas', By the provisions of an act, approved Marcli 
 loth, 18G1, aii(i amended by the first section of an Act, 
 approved May 9th, 1861, the Postmaster General " is au- 
 thorized, on ai\d after a day to be named by him for that 
 purpose, to take the entire charge and direction of the 
 postal service in the Confederate States," and all conversance 
 of mails, within their limits, from and after such day, except 
 by authority of tlic Postmaster General, is thereby 
 prohibited : 
 
 Now, therefore, I, John II. Keacan, Postmaster General 
 of the Confederate States of America, do issue this my proc- 
 lamation, notifying all Postmasters, Contractors and Special 
 and Route Agents, in the service of the Post Office Depart- 
 ment and engaged in the transmission and delivery of the 
 mails, or otherAvise in any manner connected with the ser- 
 vice, within the limits of the Confederate States of America, 
 that on and after the 1st day of June next, I shall assume 
 the entire control and direction of the postal service therein : 
 And I hereby direct all Postmasters, Route Agents and 
 Special Agents, within these States, and now acting under 
 tlic authority and direction of the Postmaster General of 
 the United States, to continue in the discharge of their res- 
 pective duties, under the authority vested in me by the 
 Congress of the Confederate States, in strict conformity with 
 such existing laws and regulations as are not inconsistent 
 Avith the laws and constitution of the Confederate States of 
 America;^ and such further instructions as may, hereafter, be 
 issued by my direction : And the said Postmasters, Route 
 Ao-ents and Special Agents are also required to forward to 
 this Department, without delay, their names, Avith the names 
 of the ofiices of which they are Postmasters, (giving the 
 State and County), to be directed to the '' Chief of Appoint- 
 ment Bureau, Post Office Department, Montgomery, Ala- 
 bama," in order that ncAV commissions may be issued under 
 the authority of this Government; and all Postmasters are 
 hereby required to render to the . Post Office Department at 
 Washington, D. C, their final accounts and their vouchers 
 for postal receipts and expenditures, up to the 31st day of 
 this month, taking care to forward, Vitli said accounts, all 
 postao-e stamps and stamped envelopes, remaining on hand, 
 belono-ing to the Post Office Department of tJie United 
 . States, in order that they may receive the proper credits 
 therefor, in the adjustment of their accounts , and they are 
 i'rther required to retain in their possession, to meet the 
 
3^ 
 
 ordiers of the Postmaster General of tiie United States, fer- 
 tile payment of mail service, within the Confederate States, 
 all revenue which shall have accrued from the postal service 
 prior to the said 1st day of June next. 
 
 All contractors, mail messengers and special contractors 
 for conveying the mails within the Confederate States, under 
 existing contracts with the Government of the United States, 
 are hereby autliorized to continue to perform such service 
 under my direction, from and after the day last above named, 
 subject to such modifications and changes as may be found 
 necessary, under the poAvers vested in the Postmaster Gen- 
 eral by the terms of said contracts and the provisions of the 
 second section of an Act approved May 9th, 1861, conform- 
 able thereto. And the said contractors, special contractors 
 and mail messengers are required to forward, without delay, 
 the number of their route or routes, the nature of the ser- 
 vice thereon, the schedules of arrivals and departures, the 
 names of the offices supplied and the amount of annual com- 
 pensation for present service, together with their address, 
 directed to the " Chief of the Contract Bureau, Post Office 
 Department, Montgomery, Alabama." 
 
 Until a postal treaty sliall be made with tlie Government 
 of the United States for the exchange of mails between that 
 Government and the Government of this Confederacy, Post- 
 masters will not be authorized to collect '' United States 
 postage on mail matter sent to, or received from those States ; 
 and until supplies of postage stamps and stamped envelopes 
 are procured for the prepayment of postage within the Con- 
 federate States," all postages must be paid in money, under 
 the provisions of the first section of an Act approved }Jarch 
 1st, 18G1. 
 
 (liven under my liand and the seal of the Post OfSce De- 
 /^^^ partment of the Confederate States of America, 
 
 < SEAL i at ^lontgomery, Alabama, the 13th day of May, 
 
 < ^^^ ^ in the year 1861. 
 
 JOHN IT. REAGAN, 
 
 Postmaster General. 
 
 I also append a copy of a proclamation, dated 3d day of 
 July, 1861, similar to the above, which relates to the State 
 of Tennessee, and vdiich is marked exhibit A. 
 
 The first day of June was adopted in the proclamation as 
 being the earliest period of time at which it was suppose^ 
 
sufficient notice could be given to postmasters, contractors 
 and others engaged in the service, of the change; so as to 
 •secure uniformity in their official action. 
 
 It may be proper to state, in this connection, that, subse- 
 quent to the issuing of the above proclamation, the Post- 
 master General of the United States issued his proclamation 
 and sent orders to the contractors discontinuing the postal 
 service in the Confederate States, under the authority of that 
 Government, from the 1st of June, 1861 , that being the date 
 on which our Government took charge of that branch of the 
 public service. 
 
 At the time of submitting my former report, there were 
 but seven States in the Confederate States. The books 
 necessary for conducting the business of the Department for 
 these States, were then completed. Subsequently the States 
 of Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas and Tennessee were 
 added to the Confederate States, and the additional books 
 for these States, were prepared in time to proceed, w^ithout 
 interruption to the service, though they embraced about the 
 same number of Post Offices and contracts that were em- 
 braced in the other seven States. 
 
 The progress of the organization of the Department, and 
 putting it into successful operation, was delayed several 
 weeks by the removal of the scat of Government and the 
 delay in preparing a suitable building in this city. 
 
 RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES. 
 
 The total cost of the mail service in the eleven 
 States, which now compose the Confederate States, for 
 the fiscal year, ending June 30th, 1860, under the Go- 
 vernment of the United States, was four million, two hun- 
 dred and ninety-six thousand, two hundi'cd and forty-six 
 dollars and seventy-eight cents, ($4,296,246 78). The 
 total receipts from the postal service for the same year were 
 one million, five hundred and seventeen thousand, five hun- 
 dred and forty dollars and fifty-five cents, ($1,517,540 55). 
 The excess of expenditures over. receipts, for the same time, 
 was two million, seven hundred and seventy-eight thousand, 
 seven hundred and six dollars and twenty-three cents, 
 ($3,778,706 23). 
 
 I herewith submit a tabular exhibit C marked (B) giving 
 in detail, the receipts and expenditures for that year. 
 
The report of the Auditor of the Treasury for the Post 
 Office Department, of the receipts and expenditures for the 
 fractional quarter, of one month, ending the 30th, of June 
 hist, (the returns for the subsequent quarter, ending Sep- 
 tember 30th not being sufficiently complete to enable him to 
 report for that quarter,) sliow a total of expenditure of two 
 hundred thousand, nine hundred and thirty-seven dollars 
 and ninety-seven cents, (§200,937 97), and a total of re- 
 ceipts of ninety-two thousand, three hundred and eighty- 
 seven dollars and sixty-seven cents, ($92,3B7 67) ; leaving 
 an excess of expenditures over receipts of one hundred and 
 eight thousand, five hundred and fifty-three dollars and 
 thirty cents, ($108,553 30). 
 
 These figures, for the month of June, are made up of so 
 meagre and imperfect material, as shown by the report of 
 the Auditor, on account of the absence of returns from a 
 portion of the Postmasters, and from the fact that the service 
 of many contractors has not yet been recognized and remains 
 unpaid, for reasons which will appear in subsequent portions 
 of this report, as to give no reliable data for determining, 
 or estimating the receipts and expenditures of the Depart- 
 ment for the remainder of the current fiscal year. 
 
 Subsequent portions of this report, together with the re- 
 port of the Auditor, Avill develop the causes which have 
 placed it out of his power to make a more perfect exhibit of 
 the receipts and expenditures for that month. 
 
 By an Act of Congress "relative to Telegraph lines in 
 the Confederate States," approved the 11th of May last, the 
 President was authorized, during the existing war, to take 
 such control of the Telegraph lines of the Confederate 
 States, and of the offices connected therewith, as will enable 
 him effectually to supervise the communications passing 
 throuiidi the same, to the end that a knowledf2:e of our mili- 
 tar}^ operations shall not be improperly communicated, or 
 dispatches sent, calculated to injure the cause of the Con- 
 federate States, or give aid and comfort to the enemy, and 
 to appoint telegraph operators, build telegraph lines, when, 
 necessary for the prosecution of the war, &c. 
 
 The execution of this law was confided, by the President, 
 to the Postmaster General. And, in an '-Act to provide for 
 certain deficiencies in the appropriations for the Post Office 
 Department for the year ending February 18th, 1862," the 
 sum of thirty thousand dollars was appropriated to carry into 
 effect the provisions of the above named act of May 11th.. 
 
6 
 
 It is sliown by the report of the Auditor, that the sum of 
 fifteen thousand one liundred and thirty-six dollars and 
 seventy-seven cents, ($15,136 77) of said appropriation has 
 been expended, leaving an unexpended balance of fourteen 
 thousand eight hundred and sixty-three dollars and thirty- 
 three cents ($14,863 33.) 
 
 Eip;ht lines cf teleii-rai)h have been built of the a^-Li-reirate 
 length of two liundred and seventeen miles, and supplied 
 with batteries, at an aggregate cost of four thousand three 
 hundred and sixty-five dollars and thirty -two cents, 
 ($4,365 32.) Ten and a half miles of insulated copper 
 wire, with batteries, sounders, kc, and three vcliicles, with 
 reels for extending and taking up the wire, have been made 
 and sent to the army, for field operations, at a cost of four 
 .thousand seven hundred and sixty-three dollars and eighty- 
 six cents (4,763 86). 
 
 Twenty telegraph operators and watchmen have been 
 employed in operating, repairing and taking care of these 
 lines, at a cost of one thousand six hundred and ninety-six 
 dollars and twent3^-three cents, ($1,696 23), of which sum 
 one thousand five hundred and thirteen dollars and seventy 
 cents ($1,513 70) has been paid. 
 
 A contract has been made with the " Texas Telegraph 
 Compan}^" by which an advance of fifteen thousand dollars 
 is to be made to that company, for building and operating a 
 line of telegraph and sending Government dispatches from 
 New Orleans, Louisiana, to Houston, Texas, a distance of 
 three hundred and eighty miles ; and four thousand three hun- 
 dred and thirteen dollars and fifty cents ($4,313 50) has 
 already been paid over to the Company, under that contract. 
 This line is to be completed by the tenth of December next. 
 
 A contract has been entered into with the " Arkansas 
 State Telegraph Company," by which an advance of eight 
 thousand dollars is to be made to that Company, for building 
 and operating a line of telegraph and conveying Govern- 
 ment dispatches between Little llock and Fort Smith, Ar- 
 kansas, a distance of one hundred and ninety miles. 
 
 Estimates will be submitted for an additional appropria- 
 tion for telegraph purposes. 
 
 By an act of Congress, approved the 30th of August last, 
 the Postmaster General is charged with the duty of collect- 
 ing the outstanding balances in the hands of late and present 
 postmasters, which had not been paid over to the Post Office 
 Department of the United States prior to the first day of 
 
7 
 
 June last. He is also charged by said act Avitli the duty of 
 iiscertaining the amounts " due the persons who are citizens 
 of the Confederate States of America, and who may have 
 rendered postal serAice in any of the States of this Confede- 
 racy, under contracts or appointments made by the United 
 States Government before the Confederate States Govern- 
 ment took charge of such service." 
 
 In obedience to the requirements of said ret, on the 18th 
 da}' of September last, I issued a proclamation, of which 
 the following is ;i copy : 
 
 '' Whereas, by the provisions of the third section of an 
 tict of Congress, approved August 30th, 1861, entitled "an 
 act to collect for distribution, the moneys remaining in the 
 several post offices of the Confederate States, at the time the 
 postal service was taken in charge by said Government, it is 
 made the duty of the Postmaster General to make procla- 
 mation that all persons who are citizens of the Confederate 
 States of America, and who may have rendered postal ser- 
 vice in any of the States of this Confederacy, under con- 
 tracts or appointments made by the United States Govern- 
 ment before the Confederate States Government took charge 
 of such service, shall present their claims to his Depart- 
 ment, verified and established according to such rules as he 
 shall prescribe, by a time therein to be set forth not less than 
 six months, and requiring the cbiimant to state, under oath, 
 how much has been paid and the date of such payments, on 
 account of the contract or appointment under which said 
 •claim occurred and what fund or provision has been set apart 
 or made for the further payment of tJie whole or any por- 
 tion of the balance of such claim, by the Government of the 
 United States, or of any of the States; and they shall also state, 
 •on oath, wdiether they performed fully the service accord- 
 ing to their contracts or appointments during the time for 
 which they claim pay, and, if not, what partial service they 
 did perform, and what deductions have been made from their 
 pay, so far as they know, on account of any failure or par- 
 tial failure to perform such service. 
 
 Now, therefore, I, John H. Reagan, Postmaster General 
 of the Confederate States of America, do issue this, my pro- 
 clamation, requiring all persons having claims for postal ser- 
 vice, under the foregoing provisions of the 3rd section of the 
 above named act, to present said claims to the Auditor of the 
 Treasury for the Post Office Department for examination, on 
 or before, the 13th day of March, 1862, in order that I may 
 
8 
 
 make a report to Congress of the amount thereof, as required 
 bj law. 
 
 Blank forms, for presenting and verifying the claims will 
 be furnished on application to the Auditor of the Treasury 
 for the Post Office Department. 
 
 And I hereby require all persons who have heretofore 
 collected moneys as Postmasters, in the States now compo- 
 sing the Confederate States, and which they had not paid 
 over at the time the Confederate States took charge of the 
 postal service, to make out, under oath, and send to the Au- 
 ditor of the Treasury for the Post Office Department on, or 
 before the 13th day of October next, a general or ledger ac- 
 count, with the United States, for the service of the Post 
 Office Department, up to the time the control of the postal 
 service was assumed by the Confederate States, in accord- 
 ance with the general regulations of the Post Office Depart- 
 ment, issued May loth, 1859, page 106, exhibiting the 
 balances in the possession of such postmasters. 
 
 Given under my hand and seal of the Post Office Depart- 
 ment of the Confederate States of America, at Rich- 
 mond, Va., the 18th day of September, in the year 
 1861. 
 
 JOHN H. REAGAN 
 
 Fost master General. 
 
 I also gave to the proper accounting officer of the Depart- 
 ment, the Auditor of the Treasur}^ for the Post Office De- 
 partment, the proper forms and instructions for the collection 
 of said outstanding balances and for the verification and 
 establishment of said claims against the fund to be collected. 
 And, as shown by his report, he is proceeding in the dis- 
 charge of that duty. 
 
 It will be seen by reference to the report of the Auditor 
 that he asks for additional clerical force. As the adjust- 
 ment of the accounts of the Post Office Department, and the 
 prompt payment of contractors engaged in conveying the 
 mails, which is essential to the success of the service and to 
 the maintenance of the credit of the Department, depends on 
 the sufficiency of the clerical force of the Auditor's office, I 
 feel called on to submit some suggestions in behalf of its 
 increase. 
 
 When, on the 29th of April last, I submitted a plan for 
 the organization of the Auditor's office, and suggested the 
 necessity of a force of thirty clerks, for the performance of 
 
the duties of that- office, it will be remembered that there 
 were but seven States in our Government, and that there 
 were, at that time, but four thousand one hundred and sixty- 
 one postmasters and one thousand, three hundred and thirty- 
 four contractors whose accounts were to be audited. The 
 accounts of each of these postmasters and contractors are 
 required to be audited quarterly, making an aggregate of 
 twenty- one thousand nine hundred and eighty accounts to 
 be audited annually. 
 
 Now there are eleven States and eight thousand four hun- 
 dred and eleven postmasters, and two thousand five hundred 
 and seventy-nine contractors, whose accounts are to be 
 audited, making forty-three thousand nine hundred and 
 sixty accounts to be audited annually. 
 
 Under the act of August 30th, 1831, above referred to, 
 very heavy additional labors are devolved on the Auditor in 
 the collection of out-standing balances and in the ascertain- 
 ment of amounts due to contractors and others, which will 
 involve the necessity of auditing some ten thousand addi- 
 tional accounts, besides a very extensive and troublesome 
 correspondence, and all to be performed ])y the 13th day of 
 March next. 
 
 In addition to this, he is required to audit the accounts 
 which may be made under the act of May 11th, in relation 
 to telegraph lines, &c. 
 
 From these facts it will be seen that the business of that 
 office is now fully double what it Avas when the present 
 clerical force was allowed by Congress. And a very con- 
 siderable increase of that force is indispensable to its suc- 
 cessful management. 
 
 It is proper for me to say that the whole number of clerks 
 authorized by Congress for that office has only recently been 
 appointed, and that the business of the Postoffice Depart- 
 ment has been delayed for the vrant of this force. 
 
 The report of the Auditor is hereto annexed marked ex- 
 hibit C, and your attention is respectfully called to the 
 statements and recommendations it contains. 
 
 CONTRACT BUREAU. 
 
 There are in the Confederate States 2,579 post-roads es- 
 tablished by law. Of this number 372 were not let to con- 
 tract by the United States for reasons shown by the official 
 reports of the United States Post Office Department, which 
 were the extravagance of the bids and failure of bidders to 
 
 J 
 
10 
 
 execute contracts, leaving 2,207 post-roads under contract 
 on tlie 1st of June, ISGl. Of this number 41o have been 
 aban<loned bj the contractors, and no response has been re- 
 ceived from contractors on 519 of the remaining routes, 
 notwithstanding the urgent efforts made by proclamation of 
 the Postmaster General, and letters from this bureau to ob- 
 tain such information as v» ould enable the Department to 
 know whetlier tlie old contractors were still performing ser- 
 vice, or were willing to continue the service, under the 
 Confederate Government, and execute new contracts for its 
 faithful performance. 
 
 On 376 routes additional information is required by the 
 Department from contractors and postmasters, to enable it 
 to prepare new contracts for execution. The greater num- 
 ber of these routes appear, by the information already re- 
 ceived, to have been either transferred by the parties to 
 Avhom the contracts were originally awarded, to persons un- 
 known to the Department, save by the fact that they claim 
 to be the contractors, or the routes have been materially 
 changed. 
 
 In these cases the original evidence of assio-nmcnt and 
 orders making changes are required by tiie Department to 
 
 on 68, routes has been discontinued b}^ the Department as 
 unnecessary, and 1 1 steamship routes have been discon- 
 tinued, by reason of the blockade, making a total of 79 
 routes on which the service has been discontinued. The 
 amount saved to the Department annually b}^ these discon- 
 tinminces is $412,783 97. 
 
 Tlie service on 74 routes has l)een curtailed, and the an- 
 nual expenses thereof reduced $219,206 71, including a 
 reduction of $115,000 on so much of the overland route 
 from San Antonio, Texas, to San Diego, California, as lies 
 between San Antonio and El Paso, Texas ; making a total 
 annual saving of $631,990 68. 
 
 Contracts have been prepared, in duplicate, and sent in 
 letters of instruction to postmasters for execution, by the 
 contractors, on 1,372 routes. Of this number 833 have 
 been returned properly executed and recorded in this De- 
 partment and filed in the Auditor's office. It is believed 
 that the residue will be properly executed in a short time. 
 
 A tabular statement, exhibiting in detail the foregoing 
 information, is hereto annexed, marked exhibit D. 
 
 It appears, by the foregoing statement, that upon a large 
 
11 
 
 number of rout js contracts have not been obtained by the 
 Department, notwithstanding the most diligent efforts have 
 been made to secure their execution. 
 
 Among the many difficulties Avhich tlie Department has 
 encountered in its efforts to secure efficient postal service, 
 the following most prominent causes may be enumerated, 
 viz : In conseijuence of the failure of the Congress of the 
 United States to make the usual appropriations for the pos- 
 tal service for the year ending June 3i)th, 1860, and for the 
 deficiency in the appropriations and revenues of the preced- 
 ing year, many contractors were unpaid for a period of more 
 than six months, and had completely exhausted their credit 
 for obtaining supplies necessary for their stock and in pro- 
 curing coaches and drivers, and were compelled either to 
 abandon their routes or perform imperfect and partial ser- 
 vice thereon. During the period which intervened between 
 the secession of the several States and the assumption by 
 the Confederate States Government of its postal affairs, the 
 -entire service became demoralized and partially broken up, 
 lis contractors found no certain provision made for the pay- 
 ment of their services during that period ; and there was, 
 to a great extent, an absence of a sense of responsibility in 
 the performance 'of the duties of both contractors and post- 
 masters, as thc}^ did not recognize the authority of the 
 United States Government, and the Confederate Government 
 had no control of the service prior to the first of June. 
 
 After the issue of my proclamation proposing to continue 
 •all contractors in the service of the Confederate Govern- 
 ment, many of them seemed to be anxious to ]3e regarded as 
 contractors, without executing new contracts with the Con- 
 federate Government, reserving to themselves the right to 
 abandon the service at their pleasure, but demanding pay, 
 and, in numerous instances, increased pay for the service 
 performed. 
 
 Others claimed the right to perform inferior service instead 
 of the higher grade of service which they had contracted 
 with the United States Government to perform, and demand- 
 ed the pay due for the higher grade of service. The travel 
 over many of the stage routes was greatly interfered with 
 by the condition of the countr}^, and these routes ceased to 
 be profitable, and many contractors availed themselves of 
 the opportunity presented, by the fact that without exeoiit- 
 ing new contracts they were free from liability, and aban- 
 doned their routes entirely ; and as these routes generally 
 
n 
 
 constituted trunk lines, ^vliich supplied the inferior routes 
 throughout tlie country with their mail matter, of course 
 great and Avide-spread embarrassment was produced and con- 
 tinued until new service could be procured, by advertising 
 or by special contracts. In some cases advertisements for 
 proposals have met with no response, or, if responded to, it 
 was by bids so extravagant and unreasonable as to preclude 
 their acceptance. In numerous instances contractors, in- 
 fluenced by a spirit of patriotic devotion to the common 
 cause connected themselves with the army (although by law 
 exempt from military service, where tliey discharged their 
 duties in j^erson,) and left the performance of their service 
 as carriers of the mails in the hands of careless or incom- 
 petent agents, and, even if the service is continued, great 
 delay is experienced in obtaining contracts to ensure its 
 faithful performance, by reason of their absence. 
 
 In numerous instances the Department has not been ap- 
 prized of the abandonment of routes, until long after it had 
 occurred, and then not by its proper agents, but by some 
 citizen or newspaper communicating the information to the 
 Department ; and when investigation has been had, it has 
 frequently been found that the contractors and postmasters 
 were in the army. 
 
 In some cases of abandonment of service, the postmaster 
 and citizens have obtained temporary service by the patriot- 
 ic use of their private means, without notice to the Depart- 
 ment, and the service, not being subject to its control, is ir- 
 regular and imperfect. 
 
 But the failures and delays in the receipt of letters and 
 newspapers are not always justly chargeable to delinquencies 
 of the Department and its agents. It is tlie practice of the 
 most extensive newspaper offices, in the large cities, not 
 only to direct their packages to the offices of delivery, but 
 also to bag them in pouches supplied by the Department, 
 and label the bags to the several route agents upon the dif- 
 ferent railroads. 
 
 A report recently made to the Department by two of its 
 special agents who had been directed to visit several of the 
 most important newspaper offices and obtain the consent of 
 the editors to examine and revise their " mailing books," 
 states that these books were very imperfect and in conse- 
 quence thereof sacks of newspapers were frequently sent to 
 a route agent on one line of railroad which should have been 
 sent to another agent on a road traversing an entirely dif- 
 
13 
 
 ferent section of country, but connecting at some remote 
 point ; thus producing great delay and irregularit}^ in their 
 delivery. Route agents have frequently reported to the De- 
 partment that the papers in these sacks are, in numerous in- 
 stances, so illegibly directed that it is impossible to assort 
 and deliver them, and in others they are entirely without 
 direction. 
 
 In regard to letters many of them fail to reach their des- 
 tination in consequence of misdirection or illegible and 
 careless direction ; and a vast number of letters, addressed 
 to persons in the army, are not delivered because the writers 
 thereof fail to state, in the direction, the name of the com- 
 pany and regiment to which the party addressed belongs ; 
 and, in the various and rapid changes of companies and 
 regiments from one point to another, there being nothing in 
 the superscription to aid the postmaster in determining to 
 what post office the letters should be forwarded, he is obliged 
 to retain them the usual period and then send them to the 
 **dcad letter" office. 
 
 Other prolific sources of mail irregulaiuty are presented 
 in connection with the 
 
 RAILROxVD SERVICE. 
 
 In view of the necessity of securing a reduction of the 
 cost of the postal service, and in view of the fact that tjie 
 transportation of the mails, on the railroads alone, for the 
 last year, cost the sum of $1,022,437, whilst the whole re- 
 ceipts from the postal service were but $1,517,540 55^ in 
 April last, I called a convention of the railroad Presidents, 
 to meet at the city of Montgomery, for the purpose of seeing 
 what reduction in the cost of this service could be made. 
 
 Most of the railroad companies in the then limits of the 
 Confederate States, and some of those in Tennessee and 
 North Carolina, not then in the Confederacy, were repre- 
 sented in that convention. The convention agreed to a class- 
 ification of the railroads into three classes, and that the 
 maximum rate of compensation for those of the first class 
 should be one hundred and fifty dollars per mile, that of the 
 second class one hundred dollars per mile, and that of the 
 third class fifty dollars per mile ; with twenty-five per cent, 
 to be added when one half of the service should be performed 
 in the night. And the convention adopted a resolution de- 
 clining, under future contracts, to deliver the mails at the 
 ^post offices. 
 
14 
 
 The adoption of the fore<ioing resolution has devolved on 
 the Popartment much trouhle and expense ^vhich has here- 
 tofore been borne b}^ the railroad contractors, by increasing 
 the number of contractors through ^vhosc hands the mails 
 are to pass, and dividing the responsibility for their safe 
 delivery^ by the addition of a number of mail messengers, 
 under separate contracts for each railroad. And the addi- 
 tional expense of the messenger service counterbalances, in 
 a great degree, the redi^ction of the rates of mail pay allowed 
 to the railroads under the recent act of Congress. 
 
 The Congress, in May, passed an act establishing the 
 classification and rate of compensation of railroads as agreed 
 on by the convention (The maximum rate of compensa- 
 tion to railroads before this time was $300 per mile per 
 annum.) It devolved upon the Postmaster General to deter- 
 mine the class to which each railroad should be assigned 
 nnder the rules of classification adopted by the Railroad 
 Convention and the Congress, and to assign the appropriate 
 compensation to each ^vithin the maximum limit of its cb^ss, 
 and to enter into contracts with the several companies for 
 the performance of the service. The railroads have been 
 classified, the rate of compensation assigned them, and con- 
 tracts sent out to the several companies for execution. 
 
 There are ninety-one railroads and branch roads in the 
 Confexlerate States ; of this number, fifteen only have en- 
 tered into contracts. Many of the companies have waived 
 the proposal to contract, for the present, on one or another 
 ground. Many of them decline to accept the classification, 
 and compensation assigned to their roads, and it is manifest 
 that many of them intend, if they can, to avoid liability and 
 the legitimate control of the Department, by refusing to 
 enter into contracts, while, at the same time, they signify a 
 willingness to perform the service, but under some protest, 
 and generally that they must have higher pay. 
 
 In order to meet and overcome the objection to entering 
 into contracts with tlie Department, 1 have directed that no 
 payments shall be made to the companies refusing to con- 
 tract, for any time after the end of the month of June, until 
 they enter into contracts, and I shall continue to act on this 
 determination. And if it be found that such companies 
 persist in refusing to contract, I shall, after all reasonable 
 and proper efforts have been exhausted, withhold the mails 
 from their control and contract for carrying them in the 
 next best manner which may be found available. The law 
 
15 
 
 forbids payment until contrac*:s arc made. The Department 
 is held responsible to the public judgment for the rc^szularity 
 of the mails, and for their speedy and prompt delivery. 
 Companies who refuse to contract, do so, it is believed, for 
 the purpose of keeping it out of the power of the Depart- 
 ment to control their schedules of arrivals and departures, 
 and their running time. And they retain in their hands 
 the power to control or defeat proper schedules of service 
 botli on their roads and others connected Avith them. 
 
 To tolerate such a course, is to invite perpetual confusion, 
 misconnections, delays and failures of the mails, and to 
 place it in the power of a single company to injure the pub- 
 lic and all other companies whose interests depend, in any 
 degree, on its aciion. When they are offered a reasonable 
 compensation and refuse to accept it and to contract, as we 
 have no legal means of compelling them to a just, liberal and 
 patriotic course, I see no remedy but to refuse to deliver the 
 mails to them and let an injured public find the means, if it 
 can, of compelling them to a reasonable course of conduct. 
 It is proper in this connection to say that, even at the re- 
 duced rate of compensation allowed to the railroads, of this 
 country under the recent act of Congress, they receive a high- 
 er rate of compensation than the railroads of any other country 
 for similar service, except the railroads of the United States. 
 And tliat Government has, for years past, remonstrated 
 against the extravagance of those rates, and. it is reasonable 
 to i^'fer that nothing but the great influence of so many and 
 Biicl' powerful monopolies has prevented this wholesome and 
 necessary reform. Their usefulness and importance in the 
 conveyance of the mails, as in matters of commerce, travel, 
 and the operations of the army, are fully recognized and 
 appjeciated by this Department ; and the patriotic and pub- 
 lic spirited conduct of a number of the companies in these- 
 times of trial and danger is gratefully acknowledged; but it 
 cannot be permitted that oJier companies shall disregard all 
 other interests than their own and make use of their im- 
 portant franchises, granted by the several States for the 
 public good, for the injur}^ of others and the public, espe- 
 cially in times like these, without being exposed, at least, to^ 
 public reprobation. 
 
 The railroad service was designed to be daily, and it was 
 hoped, with proper schedules and speed, this would answer 
 the public wants. But the Department has encountered 
 innumerable difficulties in trying to get proper schelules 
 
16 
 
 adopted, and lias found it as difficult to get tlicm conformed 
 to, after being adopted, as to get them adopted in the first 
 instance. 
 
 In the meantime, the railroads have been necessarily, 
 much occupied in transporting soldiers, and supplies, and 
 munitions of war, which has materially interfered with the 
 regularity of the mails. And the War Department and 
 army officers have frequently directed military schedules to 
 be run by the roads, in conflict with the schedules of the 
 Department. 
 
 These things, with the ordinary causes of delay and loss 
 of connections, such as running off the track, breaking 
 of bridges, &c., &c., have rendered the mails so irregular, 
 as to make it an accident, noAV, instead of the rule, to have 
 regular connections between any distant and important 
 points. 
 
 The Department has been visited with much censure on 
 account of these irregularities, notwithstanding it has done 
 everything in its power to avoid them, and is, in no just 
 sense, responsible for them. And the Companies have been 
 pretty generally notified that the Department will do all it 
 can by way of fines and deductions for failures, in order to 
 compel regularity in the service. 
 
 The failure of the railroad companies to enter, more gen- 
 erally, into contracts, places it out of the power of the De- 
 partment, at this time, to form any reliable estimate of the 
 reduction of the current cost of the railroad service. 
 
 Immediately on the receipt of dispatches conveying the 
 intelligence of the destruction of the bridges on the line of 
 the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad and the Georgia 
 State Road, two special agents of the Department were dis- 
 patched by the Western and Southern routes, to the scenes 
 of disaster, for the purpose of expediting the transit of the 
 mails and of giving them proper direction, in the event 
 of one route proving to be more fixvorable to their transmis- 
 sion than the other. These agents have reported to the 
 Department that the bridges cannot be rebuilt and repaired 
 so as to insure no delay in the transportation of the mails, 
 passengers and munitions of war and supi^lies for the army, 
 before the latter part of December, unless the Confederate 
 Government gives some aid to the railroad companies. 
 
 The present delay in the transmission of the mails, be- 
 tween points West of those bridges and this city, occasioned 
 by the destruction of the bridges, is twenty-four hours. 
 
17 
 
 Another fruitful cause of complaint against the Depart- 
 ment in regard to the delay of mail matter, in its transit 
 beyond the limits of a State, and frequently within its 
 limits, is the neglect of postmasters to observe the regula- 
 tions of the Department in relation to mailing dh'ect to all 
 points within the State in which the mailing office is located, 
 and to all points in other States, the locality of which is 
 known to the mailing office. Instead of complying with 
 these regulations, it is believed that the majority of post- 
 masters make up mail packages in bulk and mail them to the 
 nearest distributing offices, to be there assorted andremailed ; 
 thus producing delay and expense to the Department, as the 
 postmaster at a *' Distributing Office" receives twelve and 
 one-half {\2l) per cent, commission on the postage upon 
 all matter distributed. 
 
 Distributing offices are established for the purpose of col- 
 lecting and receiving the mails both in large and separare 
 packages from various points for particular regions of coun- 
 try, and the distributing them to the several places to which 
 they are addressed. " '-They are landmarks to the distant 
 offices to guide the course of their mails to remote points, 
 receiving them as they are made up at the mailing office and 
 remailing them with a new post-bill and new entries in the 
 accounts of 'mails received' and 'mails sent' to their res- 
 pective destinations." This is their legitimate function, but 
 the carelessness and indiiference of postmasters and their 
 clerks, throw upon these offices a vast amount of mail matter 
 (and consequent increase of labor) which ought, in justice 
 to the public and the Department, to be mailed direct. This 
 is especially the case at the present time, when large bodies 
 of troops are frequently stationed in the vicinity of offices, 
 which have heretofore been of but little importance ; the 
 office at once springs into one of great labor and responsi- 
 bility, if the postmaster discharges his duty, in mailing the 
 letters intrusted to his care ; but recent investigations, 
 under the direction of the Department, have established the 
 fact that, in every instance, the postmasters in the vicinity 
 of camps, mail their letters 171 hulk, to the nearest distribut 
 ing office, thereby causing a detention of generally 24 hours 
 in tlic transit of the letters. Unfortunately for the credit 
 of the postal service, the evils indicated arc not confined to 
 the smaller offices in the Confederate States, but are also 
 found in the ''Distributing Offices." I have recently in- 
 structed intelligent and efficient agents of the Department, 
 2 
 
18 
 
 •wliosc long experience in the postal service has made them 
 familiar with the vast net work of post-roads in the Con- 
 federate States, to visit the several distributing offices therein 
 and examine and revise their distribution tables and to in- 
 crease the number of offices to which they should invariably 
 mail direct. These agents have commenced their labors, and 
 from reports received from them, in the progress thereof, I 
 find that there have been many and great abuses in the dis- 
 tribution system, to the correction of which the most earnest 
 and diligent efforts of the Department will be directed. 
 
 APPOINTMENT BUREAU. 
 
 The whole number of post offices in the Confederate 
 
 States on the 1st of June 1861, was 8,411 
 
 Of this number there have been discontinued since 
 
 that date 183 
 
 Leaving in operation 8,228 
 
 Num1)er established since the 1st of June 72 
 
 Whole number of post offices now in operation 8,300 
 
 Number of post offices of which the names and sites 
 
 were changed 47 
 
 Number of postmasters who have been appointed 
 
 since the 1st of June 6,261 
 
 Number of postmasters commissioned by this Depart- 
 ment since that date , 4, 184 
 
 Whole number of resignations during the same 
 
 period 050 
 
 Of which number 459 were resignations of appointments 
 conferred by this Department, and the residue 491 were 
 resignations of appointments held under the Govern- 
 ment of the United States. The number of postmasters 
 subject to appointment by the President, by and Avith the 
 advice and consent of Congress, is seventy, (70), of which 
 number sixty-seven (67) have been appointed, confirmed and 
 commissioned, their bonds having been properly executed 
 and filed in the Department. The number of route agents 
 in service, on the railroads and steamboats of the Confeder- 
 ate States, on the first day of June, was one hundred and 
 twenty-three, (123), of whom one hundred and ten (110) 
 have been appointed by this Department, and five (5) have 
 been removed. The reappointment of the remaining thir- 
 
19 
 
 teen (13) is suspended for various causes. Seven perma- 
 nent and one temporary special agents have been appointed, 
 and full instructions in relation to their duties, together with 
 the new postal laws, passed by the Confederate Congress,. 
 have been prepared and issued to them and to postmasters. 
 
 A contract was made in June last for the printing of post 
 office blanks, and paper for the same, upon the terms pre- 
 scribed by the Act of Congress, approved 27th February, 
 1861, and, up to the present time, the contractors have de- 
 livered to the Department seven hundred and sixty-one (761) 
 reams of printed blanks. 
 
 This quantity has enabled the Department to supply two 
 thousand five hundred and sixty-one (2,561) post offices with 
 blanks of all the several kinds used ; sixteen hundred and 
 fifty-six (1,656) post offices with all kinds, except post bills, 
 and four hundred and seventeen (417) have been supplied 
 with accounts current and mails received and sent. The 
 whole number of orders for blanks, filled by this Bureau 
 was four thousand, six hundred and fifty-four, (4,654.) The 
 number of orders for blanks, which have not been furnished, 
 in consequence of the inability of the contractor to obtain 
 paper and have the printing done in time to meet the wants 
 of the Department, is six hundred and forty-six, (646). 
 
 A contract was also made in May last, for furnisliing Manil- 
 la wrapping paper, upon very favorable terms to the Depart- 
 ment, and the number of reams distributed to post offices, 
 is eight hundred and eighty-six, (886). Forty-nine (49) 
 orders for marking and rating stamps have been filled, under 
 contract, and seven hundred and fifty-seven (757) pounds of 
 cotton twine have been furnished to post offices. Applica- 
 tions have been made for '•' letter balances," but the De- 
 partment has not been able to procure them, as they are not 
 manufactured South of Boston, Mass. Tabular statements 
 exhibiting the operations of this Bureau, by States, in 
 detail, are subjoined, marked exhibits E and F. 
 
 Notwithstanding the prompt and energetic efforts of this 
 Bureau, by the issue of proclamations and urgent letters,, 
 requiring information to be furnished to the Department, 
 there has been great delay in the receipt of the responses 
 from postmasters, which are necessary to enable the Depart- 
 ment to reappoint them, or to appoint others in their stead; 
 and the inaccuracy in the execution of the bonds of post- 
 masters, has delayed the issue of commissions to many of 
 those who have been appointed. 
 
20 
 
 FINANCE BUREAU. 
 
 The books of tliis Bureau exliibit the fact, that the post- 
 masters, who are required by the Department to deposit 
 quarterly, or oftener, the revenues of their offices, have de- 
 posited in the Treasury and its branches, since the first of 
 June, 1861, the sum of seventy-five thousand, six hundred 
 
 and five doHars, and seventy cents $ 75,605 70 
 
 The amount of grants from the Treasury, in 
 aid of the revenues of the Department was 
 l)y the Act, approved March 16, 1861... 320,060 36 
 And by the Act approved 29th August 500,000 00 
 
 Total of deposits and grants $805,666 06 
 
 Since the 27th July, 337 warrants have been 
 issued upon the Treasury, in payment of 
 
 the postal service, amounting to $225,434 96 
 
 Leaving undrawn and subject to warrants, in 
 
 payment of postal service $670,231 10 
 
 675 drafts have been issued upon a class of post 
 offices styled ^' draft offices," in payment 
 of the postal service, for sums amounting 
 
 to $ 40,288 36 
 
 The quarterly returns of postmasters are rendered to this 
 Bureau and are there opened, the ''dead letters" and post- 
 bills separated from the other portions of the account, the 
 balance as shown by the adjustment of the postmasters care- 
 fully recorded in alphabetical order, and the account is then 
 delivered to the Auditor for adjustment. The number of 
 dead letters received and opened, up to this date, is 88,682. 
 The number of drop letters, 8,512. The number of letters 
 held for postage, 7,818. 967 dead letters contained in 
 money, $5,751 80, and 1811 contained drafts, bills of ex- 
 change, notes and other valuable papers, amounting to 
 $l,!;i38,643 57. 
 
 A large amount of the foregoing belongs to persons not 
 residents of the Confederate States, and will be placed in the 
 hands of the proper judicial officers, to be disposed of under 
 the Sequestration Act. 
 
 The foreign letters, except those for the French Govern- 
 ment and the United States, have been unopened. In com- 
 pliance with the request of the French Consul, I have had 
 the letters from France opened, and those which contained 
 money and valuable papers delivered to him. 
 
21 
 
 The Eno'lish letters have been delivered to the En owlish 
 Consul. 
 
 Six hundred and ninety-four dead letters, containing 
 money to the amount of $4,593 30, have been returned to 
 the writers thereof. Fifty-seven letters, containing $352 05, 
 have been sent to the offices at Avhich they were mailed to be 
 delivered to the proper persons by the postmasters, and have 
 been again returned to the Department unclaimed. One 
 hundred and fifty-two letters are not yet sent out for delivery 
 to their writers. They contain $441 45. Sixty-four letters, 
 containing $360 belong to non-residents of the Confederate 
 States. 
 
 The first delivery of postage stamps by the contractors 
 was made on the 1 5th October last, and since that date only 
 1,430,700 stamps have been received, all of which have been 
 issued by this Bureau to post offices near which large bodies 
 of troops have been situated, with a view to their special 
 accommodation. 
 
 POSTAGE STAMPS. 
 
 The difficulties which have been encountered by the De- 
 partment in its endeavors to procure postage stamps and' 
 stamped envelopes, producing great 'delays in procuring 
 them in such quantities as to meet the demands of the 
 public, have caused much impatience to be manifested on 
 that account, which induces me to state, at some length, the 
 various efforts made by the Department to procure them, as 
 well for the information of Congress as for the vindication 
 of the Department against charges of neglect of duty in that 
 respect. 
 
 The manifest advantage of having stamps and stamped 
 envelopes for the payment of postage has been from the first 
 fully realized by the Department, and immediately after my 
 appointment, and before the Department was organized, 
 correspondence was commenced with such parties as were 
 known to be able to manufacture them, for the purpose of 
 procuiing them at the earliest day possible. Propositions 
 were submitted early in March last, from parties not residing 
 in the Confederate States, to supply them, and the Depart- 
 ment was led to believe they might be obtained b^ the time 
 it could be organized and prepared to take control of the 
 service. But the political changes then going on so rapidly, 
 and the increasing probabilities of hostilities between the 
 ncAV and the old Governments, soon rendered the fulfillment 
 
22 
 
 'of the first proposition to fiirnisli stamps and stamped en- 
 '.velopes impossible. 
 
 On the 16th of March, a proposition Avas submitted by a 
 gentleman having the means and capacity for manufacturing 
 them, to establish a house in the city of Montgomery for that 
 purpose and for the purpose of doing any other engraving, 
 lithographing and printing which might be required by the 
 Government. Assurances were given him that he should have 
 the contract for furnishing stamps and stamped envelopes, and 
 at his request, and to facilitate the early manufacture of them, 
 he was furnished by the Department, with designs for the vari- 
 ous denominations of stamps, in order that he might com- 
 plete the necessary engravings by the time his presses and 
 other materials could be prepared. He left that city, as he 
 said, for the purpose of carrying into effect that enterprise, 
 and nothing was heard from him afterwards. 
 
 On the 27th of March the Department advertised for 
 proposals for furnishing stamps and stamped envelopes, in 
 newspapers in the following cities, to wit : Montgomery, 
 New Orleans, Charleston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New 
 York, Savannah, Columbus, Richmond, Memphis, and Lou- 
 isville. No proposals in response to this advertisement were 
 received from any establishment in the then Confederate 
 States. The only proposals made in answer to this adver- 
 tisement were one from Richmond and one from Baltimore, 
 proposing to furnish lithographed stamps. The proposition 
 from Baltimore was regarded as most favorable, both on ac- 
 count of the style of the work proposed to be done and the 
 terms on which the supplies were proposed to be furnished. 
 But the collision between the citizens of that city and the 
 Federal troops, on the 20th of April, and consequent sus- 
 pension of communication with that city, prevented further 
 negotiations on the subject. 
 
 A skillful engraver, not a citizen of the Confederate States, 
 visited Montgomery early in May, for the purpose of enter- 
 ing into a contract to furnish stamps and stam})ed envelopes, 
 to be executed in the highest style of art. When there, it 
 became manifest that the condition of affairs between the 
 United States and our Government would interrupt the de- 
 livery of these articles from the place at which he proposed 
 to manufacture them. He then entered into an agreement 
 to make the stamps in the Confederate States, subject to the 
 contingency of his being prevented from introducing the 
 .necessary machinery by hostilities between the two Govern- 
 
23 
 
 ments. In June, tlie Department received notice from him 
 that it would be out of his power to introduce the machinery 
 and fulfill his agreement. 
 
 In July, a confidential agent was employed by the De- 
 partment to procure the making of the required steel dies 
 and plates for postage stamps, beyond our territory, and to 
 furnish them to the Department as soon as they could be 
 prepared, and also, if found practicable, to have the stamps 
 made and furnished ready for use 
 
 After receiving some encouragement, and after the work 
 of making steel dies had been commenced, circumstances 
 rendered the discontinuance of the work by the manufiictu^ 
 rer necessary. And our agent then made an effort, at an- 
 other point, to procure lithographed stamps of a superior 
 style, and after some delay it became necessary to abandon 
 that effort to supply the Department. This brought us to 
 September. And in the meantime an extensive correspond- 
 ence was kept up by the Department, and has been steadily 
 persevered in up to this time, with persons in various cities 
 in the Confederate States, and indeed with every person who 
 was represented to the Department as an engraver, who 
 might execute the work desired. Urged by the wants of the 
 public, the Department was induced, as a temporary expe- 
 dient, to make arrangements with a lithographic establish- 
 ment in this city for the manufiicture of lithographed stamps. 
 Unexpected delay, however, occurred in the preparation of 
 them ; and after the completion of the plates, the supplies 
 furnished to the Department were so insufficient to meet the 
 demand for them and the prices charged so exorbitant, as 
 compared with the cost of the superior steel-plate impres- 
 sions in use in the United States and other governments, 
 that a special agent was dispatched on the 27th October to 
 Charleston, S. C, and Savannah, Ga., for the purpose of as- 
 certaining the practicability of having stamps printed there 
 on more favorable terms, and in quantities equal to the 
 public demand. This agent returned to the Department, 
 November 4th, and reported that the engravers and litho- 
 graphers of those cities would submit estimates to the De- 
 partment so soon as they could ascertain the cost of machi- 
 nery and paper. I have just received a letter from Charles.- 
 ton submitting a proposal for furnishing stamps, but stating 
 that it would require at least ninety days for the preparation 
 of the necessary machinery and plates. 
 
 This engraver proposes to furnish the stamps gummed, 
 
24 
 
 but not perforated, at a cost of one dollar per thousand, the 
 paper to be furnished by the Department, whereas the 
 United States Government paid but eighteen cents per 
 thousand stamps, gummed, perforated, and put up in tin and 
 paper boxes and envelopes, without extra charge for paper, 
 and boxes, and envelopes. 
 
 The engraver, in Savannah, under date of 21st Novem- 
 ber, states that it will require sixty days to prepare the plates 
 for printing each denomination, and the delivery of 400,1)00 
 stamps, and that with his present force he can only furnish 
 80,000 stamps daily. The estimated number require<l for 
 daily use is about 260,000. In the meantime, on the first 
 day of October, a confidential agent was provided with am- 
 ple means and dispatched to Europe to procure the manu- 
 facture of steel dies and plates for printing stamps of the 
 several denominations provided by law, and for procuring 
 for use, as soon as practicable, fifteen millions of stamps, 
 and to forward the dies, plates and stamps to this city. The 
 small supplies now being received from the contractors in 
 this city only serve to increase the public discontent, as 
 they are insufficient to meet the demands of even the prin- 
 cipal cities. 
 
 It is a fact well established by the experience of other 
 governments, and of Bankers generally, that impressions 
 taken from skilfully prepared steel dies and plates, are the 
 only safeguard against counterfeiting, and the Department 
 has been very reluctant to adopt any other character of 
 postage stamp. 
 
 The Department has received several propositions from 
 persons professing a knowledge of the art of engraving and 
 preparing stamps, but correspondence and investigation have 
 shown that they had neither the required skill and know- 
 ledge for this purpose, nor tlie means of furnishing the 
 stamps, and Avere ignorant of the requirements for the pre- 
 paration of them. When prepared and supplied as they 
 should be, to all post offices, they wil^. represent the entire 
 revenues of the Department. 
 
 There is a popular delusion, resting on the minds of 
 many, that almost any character of engraving will answer 
 for postage stamps, and in support of this opinion, refer- 
 ence is frequently made to the fact that postmasters of dif- 
 ferent cities and towns have procured stamps for their 
 offices. These are made upon wood, or stone, or lead, or are 
 electrotyped. Stamps prepared by either of these modes 
 
25 
 
 can be counterfeited vritli o^reat facility bv a mere tyro in the 
 art of engraving ; and the Department couhl not risk its 
 revenues on such slender security without disregarding the 
 public interest. 
 
 PAYMENT OF POSTAGE. 
 
 Capital is always timid in times of war and commercial 
 depression like the present. And this, with the suspension 
 of specie payment by all the banks, and the fact that corpo- 
 rations and individuals have issued and put in circulation, 
 in many portions of the country, small notes which are 
 substituted for specie as change, has caused the coin of the 
 country to disappear, to a great extent, from circulation. 
 This renders the payment of postage difficult in the absence 
 of stamps, embarrassing the people, and necessarily reduc- 
 ing the revenues of the Department. In view of this, and 
 of the impossibility of obtaining a sufficient supply of post- 
 age stamps for the present, I recommend that Congress ex- 
 tend the provisions of the act " to require the receipt by 
 the postmasters of the Confederate States of Treasury notes, 
 in sums of five dollars and upwards in payment of postage 
 stamps or stamped envelopes," approved the 3')th of August 
 last, so as to make the Treasury notes receivable in sums of 
 five dollars, or of amounts equal to other denominations of 
 Treasury notes, for j^ostage. It is necessary to limit the 
 receipt of Treasury notes to amounts corresponding with 
 their several denominations, and to leave it to the postmas- 
 ters and persons paying postage to arrange between them- 
 selves the manner in which these notes may be used, as it 
 cannot be expected that postmasters should furnish coin in 
 change for them, on account of its scarcity, and it would be 
 wholly inadmissible to alloAV them to receive and use the 
 small notes, issued by corporations and individuals, for 
 change, partly on account of the general vf orthlessness of such 
 notes and the facility for counterfeiting them, and partly 
 because whatever value they have is usually limited to some 
 small locality which renders them wholly unfit for use as a 
 Confederate currency. 
 
 INCREASE OF CLERICAL FORCE. 
 
 At the time the present permanent clerical force was pro- 
 vided for this Department, there were but seven States in 
 the Confederacy; since that time four States have been 
 
26 
 
 added, increasing the business of the Department to an 
 extent be^'ond the ability of the reguhir clerical force to 
 give it that prompt and careful dispatch which is essential 
 to a successful administration of its affairs. Hence it be- 
 came necessary to employ, temporarily, some ten additional 
 clerks. The necessity of an immediate revision of the post 
 routes in the States of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, 
 Texas, Arkansas and Tennessee, preparatory to their being 
 advertised for proposals for new service, to begin on the 
 30th June next, at which time the present contracts termi- 
 nate, will, in addition to the reason first stated, render a 
 permanent augmentation of the clerical force necessary. 
 Therefore, I respectfully suggest that there be added to the 
 present permanent force of the Department five clerks at an 
 annual salary of twelve hundred dollars each, and five clerks 
 at an annual salary of one thousand dollars each. 
 
 SERVICE IN KENTUCKY AND ARIZONA. 
 
 The condition of affairs in the State of Kentucky and 'n 
 the Territory of Arizona, (Missouri now being admitted 
 as a State of the Confederacy), requires that postal facili- 
 ties be extended to such portions of them as are in the 
 possession of our friends, or are occupied by our troops. A 
 portion of their citizens are gallantly struggling in arms to 
 unite their political destiny with ours, and it is of the first 
 importance that we aflbrd facilities for correspondence and 
 for the circulation of newspapers between our people and 
 them, to promote trade and secure a free interchange of 
 opinions. And I respectfully recommend that Congress give 
 this Department such authority as may be proper for this 
 purpose. 
 
 FREE MAIL MATTER. 
 
 I must also call attention to the fact that the special and 
 route and local agents of the Department are re(|uired to 
 make frequent and sometimes voluminous reports to the 
 Department, and to correspond with each other and with 
 postmasters, in regard to the service ; and there is no law 
 to relieve them from paying the postage out of their private 
 means, on this correspondence relating to ofiicial business. 
 This condition of things must result in taxing these neces- 
 sary agents, so as to drive them out of the service or in 
 causing them to omit the discharge of their most important 
 
27 
 
 duties, in order to avoid the expense of paying the postage 
 on their communications. 
 
 The contractors for carrying the mails are also required 
 to make frequent responses to communications sent them 
 from the Department in relation to the service, and to return 
 to the Auditor, quarterly, the evidence of payments made 
 them for such service, and to report to the Department the 
 cause of every failure and of all irregularities, in the ser- 
 vice, on their several routes. I must therefore ask that 
 Congress make some provision to relieve them from the pay- 
 ment of thJs postage. This can be done by authorizing 
 them to charge the amount to the Confederate States in 
 their quarterly accounts for repayment under such restric- 
 tions as Congress may prescribe, or by authorizing them to 
 frank such communications, under the same restrictions 
 placed upon others connected with the Post Office Depart- 
 ment, who are authorized to frank their official correspon- 
 dence. 
 
 This again brings up the question as to Avhethcr we are 
 to adhere strictly to the policy of requiring all mail matter 
 to be pre-paid, or are to extend the franking privilege be- 
 yond its present limits. 
 
 By the 5th section of the Act " to prescribe the rates of 
 postage in the Confederate States of America, and for other 
 purposes," approved February 23, 1861, the franking priv- 
 ilege was abolished, except as to the Post Master General, 
 his Chief Clerk, the Auditor of the Treasury for the Post 
 Office Department, and " the several deputy post masters 
 throughout the Confederate States." 
 
 By the 4th section of " an Act to amend An Act to pre- 
 scribe the rates of postage in the Confederate States of 
 America, and for other purposes, approved February 23, 
 1861," which latter Act was approved May 13, 1861, the 
 franking privilege was extended to the Chiefs of the Con- 
 tract, Appointment and Finance Bureaus of the Post Office 
 Department. 
 
 If it should now be extended to the persons above named, 
 the entire official correspondence of this Department will 
 then be carried on without the payment of postage. If it 
 is not extended to these persons because the principle is 
 wrong, then it should be abolishedas to those now exercising 
 it, and all should be required to pay the postage on their 
 official correspondence and charge it for repayuient to the 
 Confederate States. And this Avould involve the necessity 
 
28 
 
 of adopting sucli checks against tlie misapplication of the 
 fund set apart for the payment of such postage as wouhl 
 guard against loss to the Treasury. Novr, so far as relates 
 to the Post Office Department, the check against the abuse 
 of the franking of letters, &c., is, that every communication 
 franked must be seen by others, and if any part of it relates 
 to private matters, the person franking it is liable to a fine 
 of three hundred dollars. 
 
 The franking of the official correspondence of the De- 
 partment is only productive of a loss of revenue by the 
 abuse of the authority to frank. The result being the same 
 to the revenues of the Department as it would be if the De- 
 partment paid the postage out of the Treasury, and collected 
 and paid it in again. But if the postage of the Department 
 is to be paid, accounts and vouchers must be kept as evidence 
 of the proper application of the fund used for that purpose, 
 or we must trust this fund to the honor of more than eight 
 thousand post masters, two thousand five hundred contrac- 
 tors, and more than a hundred special and route, and local 
 agents of the Department, besides those in the Post Office 
 Department. To adopt the latter policy would be to aban- 
 don the principles, for the security of revenue, of our own 
 and all other Governments, which it is fair to presume will 
 not be done. It is true that no great amount of fraud could 
 be perpetrated by any one of these persons; but small frauds 
 by many might produce a considerable aggregate. If we 
 adopt the former course of requiring accounts and vouchers 
 to be kept, this will require the time of correspondents and 
 accountants, and the use of books and stationery to be added 
 to the cost of postage. And it is to be remembered that the 
 Government pays as a compensation to post masters on all 
 sums of one hundred dollars or less, 60 per cent., and if for 
 night service, 70 per cent., and on sums of three hundred 
 dollars more, 50 per cent., on all sums of two thousand dol- 
 lars more, 40 per cent., and on all sums over two thousand 
 four hundred dollars, 15 per cent., until their commissions 
 reach two thousand dollars. And if the Department should 
 pay its postage, the per cent, allowed as a compensation to 
 post masters would necessarily be subtracted from the amount 
 of postage paid out before its return to the Treasury. All 
 that is said on this subject in relation to the Post Office De- 
 partment applies with equal force to the other departments 
 of the Government except that to make that Department 
 self-sustaining, it is not necessary that any amount should 
 
29 
 
 be paid out of the general Treasury to cover the expense of 
 its own correspondence when franked in order to render it 
 self-sustaining — the theory being that its postage is to be 
 paid out of its own revenues, while all matter not connected 
 Tvith the Department, embracing the correspondence of the 
 other departments, must be paid in order that it may not be 
 deprived of its revenues. And if the amount of the postage 
 of the other departments could be ascertained so as to be 
 paid in gross into the Treasury, I am of opinion it would be 
 more convenient and less expensive, and probably less liable 
 to abuse, to frank the correspondence of all the departments 
 than to pre-pay the postage on it. But there is no means 
 by which the amount of the postage of the other depart- 
 ments can be ascertained so as to be paid in gross. This 
 being so, it is for Congress to determine wdiether they shall 
 continue to pre-pay their postage, and if that policy be ad- 
 hered to, whether it shall be applied to the Post Office De- 
 partment. 
 
 These views are presented on the questions of convenience 
 and economy alone, and without reference to the influence 
 which, allowing the official correspondence of the depart- 
 ments of the Government to be franked, might have, in ex- 
 tending the franking privilege to Congress, and from thence 
 to its abuse in the printing, binding, folding and distribu- 
 tion of what is called public documents, as well as its abuse 
 by covering mere private correspondence, which should, un- 
 der no pretense, be allowed to be franked. If it be thought 
 that allowing the Departments to frank their official corres- 
 pondence would be regarded as a precedent or a reason for 
 allowing the privilege to members of Congress and to others, 
 then I am persuaded it would be best to forego any advan- 
 tage the Government might derive from it, if such advantage 
 should be thought to exist, rather than risk the evils which 
 flowed from the franking privilege in the old Government. 
 
 This Congress commenced its legislation on this subject 
 by abolishing the franking privilege, except as to certain 
 persons connected with the postal service. But by the 1st 
 section of the Act " relating to the pro-payment of postage 
 in certain cases, approved July 29, 1861," it is provided 
 that letters, &c., may be sent through the mails by any offi- 
 cer, musician, or private of the army without the pre-pay- 
 ment of the postage, but leaving it to be paid at the point 
 of delivery, upon the person endorsing his name, &c., on 
 the letter or other matter sent. This was the first departure 
 
30 
 
 from the rule requiring pre-payment of mail matter, except 
 as to the correppondence of this Department. It is also the 
 first act recognizing the franking privilege as a personal 
 convenience or benefit. In addition to the fact that this act 
 is -wrong in principle, and as a precedent operates inju- 
 riously in two particulars, it deprives the post masters who 
 prepare the way-bills and mail such letters, of any com- 
 pensation, and gives the compensation to post masters who 
 only deliver the letters, and who also get the postage on the 
 return letters Avliich go back to the post masters, mailing 
 the first letters for nothing, and they have to deliver the 
 answers without compensation. And it enables persons, 
 which is often done, to tax others, on whose bounty they 
 have no claim, with the postage both ways on their private 
 business. 
 
 The 3d section of the same Act confers a similar privilege 
 on members of Congress, and is obnoxious to the same ob- 
 jections. 
 
 From the above, it will be seen that a distinction is taken 
 between the duty of franking the purely official correspon- 
 dence of the departments of the Government as a means of 
 saving the public moneys, and to avoid an increase of the 
 number of correspondents and accountants, and the privilege 
 of franking as a matter of personal interest and advantage 
 to those invested with it, at the expense of the Treasury ; 
 the one a means of saving the revenues of the Department 
 so as to render it self-sustaining without personal benefit to 
 any one — the other of reducing its revenues so as to ren- 
 der appropriations from the general Treasury necessary to 
 its support, and of indirectly taxing the public for private 
 and personal benefit. 
 
 MAILABLE MATTER NOT TO BE CARRIED AS 
 FREIGHT. 
 
 Tliis Department has encountered many complaints be- 
 cause, under our legislation, postage is required to be paid 
 on all neAvspapers and periodicals, (except those authorized 
 to be sent free of postage, as exchanges between publishers). 
 
 Under the hxAVS of the United States, as they stood up to 
 February last, newspapers and periodicals could be sent as 
 freight, by expressmen or others, along the post-roads, free 
 of postage. Under our laws, all newspapers and periodicals 
 are mailable matter, and cannot be sent along the post-roads 
 without the payment of postage. 
 
31 
 
 If Congress should allow them to be carried by express- 
 men and others as freight, along the railroads and principal 
 thoroughfjxres, it will thus deprive the Department of the 
 principal, or, at least, of a very large part of the revenue 
 derived from the postage on such matter, and would relieve 
 the readers of papers and periodicals, who happen to be for- 
 tunate in living on these great thoroughfares, and who, on 
 that account, enjoy special advantages in obtaining the ear- 
 liest news, from the payment of that class of postage ; while 
 that class of readers not residins; on those thorouo-hfares 
 and who, from that cause encounter greater delays and dif- 
 ficulties in getting news, are compelled from the necessity of 
 the case, to pay postage on such papers and periodicals. 
 This would be to compel one class of citizens to contribute 
 newspaper and periodical postage lor the support of the 
 mail service, and to exempt another, and more favored class, 
 from that burden. And it is no just answer to this, to say 
 they all have the same privilege of employing expressmen. 
 This may be theoretically, but is not practically true. 
 
 It is believed to be true, however, that these complaints come 
 from the publishers and expressmen, and not so much, if at 
 all, from the readers of papers and periodicals. And it is a 
 sufficient answer to them, that class legislation is contrary to 
 the theory of our Government, and in violation of the 
 cherished principles of equality and justice on which our 
 institutions are founded. 
 
 On this subject, justice requires it to be said that the 
 legislation of the United States, in relation to postage 
 on newspapers and periodicals, cannot be accounted for 
 on any principle of reason or fairness. But it may be 
 accounted for by the vast influence of those publications 
 over the popular mind, and especially over elections. . 
 It is easily understood how a man might propitiate 
 their favor by promising exemptions and gratuities to 
 them, and how another might fail to obtain that favor, who 
 Avould steadfastly adhere to just and sound principles, and 
 refuse to purchase popuittr favor, at the expense of principle 
 and of treasure which belongs to others. 
 
 Our legislation on this subject is a marked improvement 
 on that of the old Government ; and when the rates of post- 
 age on newspapers and periodicals shall be made to approxi- 
 mate more nearly to an equitable proportion with the postage 
 on letters and sealed packages, it will be more in harmony 
 
32 
 
 with reason and fairness, and less obnoxious to the charge of 
 chxss and partial legislation than at present. 
 
 The Government has been vested with certain functions 
 which it was believed could be discharged with greater ben- 
 efit to the public by it than b}^ private enterprise. 
 
 Among these was the establishment and management of 
 our system of postal communication, which is so necessary 
 in conducting the civil administration of the Government, 
 and its military and naval affairs, and of so incalculable im- 
 portance to the public as a means of conveying intelligence. 
 Our theory is that the Government must provide the ma- 
 chinery of this Department and conduct its operations, but 
 at the expense of those who make use of its facilities. That 
 is, that this Department shall be self-sustaining. To make it 
 so, and to make its revenues secure, and their accrual steady 
 and reliable, we declare letters, sealed packages, newspapers^ 
 periodicals, pamphlets, &c., to be mailable matter, and make 
 their transmission along the post-roads otherwise than 
 throuirh the mails unlawful. The Government having been 
 charged with the heavy expense of affording postal facili- 
 ties to the country, is fully justified by reason and necessity 
 in adopting this means of making itself the exclusive carrier 
 of certain classes of matter at fixed and reasonable rates of 
 compensation, to reimburse that expense. And if the Gov- 
 ernment should be required to carry the newspaper and 
 periodical mail in the sparsely settled portions of the coun- 
 try, where the matter to be carried is too limited to justify 
 express or other private companies in doing it, and where it 
 can only be done by the Department at a loss of its re- 
 venues, and if, at the same time, it shall allow this 
 class of mail matter to be carried by express or other 
 private companies along the railroads and other great 
 thoroughfares, where its amount would increase the revenues 
 of the Department, it is difficult to understand why we shall 
 not also allow the express and other companies to carry the 
 letter mail on the railroads and other great thorouglifares, 
 where it is profitable, and allow the Government to be the 
 exclusive carrier of all classes of matter on such routes only 
 as pass through sparsely settled portions of the country 
 v/hich afford but little revenue. 
 
 To do this would end in breaking down the Department, 
 or in keeping it in operation at the expense of the general 
 Treasury. The policy of allowing mail matter to be carried 
 as freight, wherever it may be profitable to private carriers, 
 
33 
 
 creates rivals who are invited by their interests to contend 
 with the Department for its revenues on all the most im- 
 portant lines of postal communication ; those which are most 
 expensive to the Department and most difficult to control- 
 Such a policy would be both unwise and disastrous, and I 
 cannot too strongly recommend the continuance of the policy 
 of refusing to allow newspapers and periodicals to be carried 
 over the post-roads as freight, and of requiring the payment 
 of postage on them as on all other mail matter. 
 
 Appended to this report, in addition to the other exhibits, 
 will be found tabular statement, marked G, which shoAvs the 
 length of mail routes, the modes of transportation and the 
 annual cost of transporting the mails in the eleven States 
 which now compose the Confederate States, for the fiscal 
 year ending June 3()th, 1860. 
 
 Table H, which exhibits the number of mail routes, ma.il 
 contractors, route agents, and mail messengers for the same 
 period. 
 
 Table I, which exhibits the railroad service for the same 
 period, showing the length of routes, distances in each 
 State, number of trips, annual pay in each State, annual 
 cost per mile on each route, annual cost of route agencies. 
 annual cost of mail messenger service, total cost on each 
 route, total annual cost per mile, and total aggregate cost per 
 mile in each State. 
 
 And table J, which exhibits the steamboat service for the 
 same period, showing the number of routes, termini, length, 
 distance in each State, number of trips per week, and annual 
 pay in each State. 
 
 I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient 
 servant, 
 
 JOHN H. REAGAN, 
 
 Postmaster General. 
 To the PRESIDE^T. 
 
(A.) 
 
 BY THE POSTMASTER GF.NERAL OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES, 
 
 A PROCLAMATION. 
 
 Whereas, By the provisions of an act, approved March 
 15tli, 1861, and amended by the first section of an act ap- 
 proved May 9th, 1861, the Postmaster General of the Con- 
 federate States '^^ is authorized, on and after a day to be 
 named by him for that purpose, to take the entire charge 
 and direction of the postal service in the Confederate 
 States," and all conveyance of mails within their limits, 
 from and after such day, except by authority of the Post- 
 master General thereof, is thereby prohibited : 
 
 And whereas, the Postmaster General of the Confederate 
 States of America did, by a proclamation issued at Mont- 
 gomery, Alabama, on the 13th day of May, 1861, notify all 
 persons connected with the Post Office Department, that 
 from and after the first day of June, 1861, he would assume 
 the entire control and direction of the postal service within 
 the Confederate States : 
 
 And whereas, the State of Tennessee has, by virtue of 
 an act passed by the Congress of the said Confederate States, 
 a^pprovcd May 17, 1861, and the adoption and ratification of 
 the Provisional Constitution of the said States by the pro- 
 perly and legally constituted authorities of said State of 
 Tennessee, become a member of the said Confederate States 
 of America: 
 
 Now, therefore, I hereby direct all Postmasters, Route 
 Agents and Special Agents within the State of Tennessee, and 
 now acting under the authority and direction of the Postmas- 
 ter General of the United States, to continue in the discharge 
 of their respective duties under the authority vested in me 
 by the Congress of the Confederate States, in strict con- 
 formity with such existing laws and regulations as are not 
 inconsistent with the laws and Constitution of the Confede- 
 
35 
 
 ( A. — Continued. ) 
 
 rate States of America, and such further instructions as may 
 hereafter be issued by my direction : And the said Postmas- 
 ters, Route Agents and Special Agents are also required to 
 forward to this Department, without delay, their names, 
 with the names of the offices of which they are Postmasters-, 
 (giving the State and County,) to be directed to the '^ Chief 
 of the Appointment Bureau, Post Office Department, Rich- 
 mond, Virginia," in order that new commissions may be 
 issued under the authority of this Government : And all 
 Postmasters are hereby required to render to the Post Office 
 Department at Washington, D. C, their final accounts and 
 their vouchers for postal receipts and expenditures, up to the 
 8th day of June, taking care to forward with said accounts all 
 postage stamps and stamped envelopes," remaining on hand, 
 belonging to the Post Office Department of the United- 
 States, in order that they may receive the proper credits 
 therefor in the adjustment of their accounts ; and they are 
 further required to retain in their possession, to meet the 
 orders of the Postmaster General of the United States, for 
 the payment of mail service within the Confederate States, 
 all revenue which shall have accrued from the postal service 
 prior to the said 8th day of June last. 
 
 All Contractors, Mail Messengers, and Special Contractors 
 for conveying the mails within the State of Tennessee, un- 
 der existing contracts with the Government of the United 
 States, are hereby authorized to continue to perform such 
 service under my direction, from and after the day last above 
 named, subject to such modifications and changes as may be 
 found necessary, under the powers vested in the Postmaster 
 General by the terms of said contracts and the provisions of 
 the second section of an act approved May 9th, 1861, con- 
 formable thereto : And the said Contractors, Special Con- 
 tractors, and Mail Messengers, are required to forward, 
 without delay, the number of their route or routes, the na- 
 ture of the service thereon, the schedules of arrivals and 
 departures, the names of the offices supplied, and the amount 
 of annual compensation for present service, together with 
 their address, directed to the " Chief of the Contract Bu- 
 reau, Post Office Department, Richmond, Virginia." 
 
 Until a postal treaty shall be made with the Government 
 of the United States for the exchange of mails between that- 
 Government and the Government of this Confederacy, Post- 
 
36 
 
 ( A. — Continctl. ) 
 
 masters will not be authorized to collect United States post- 
 age on mail matter sent to or received from those States ; 
 and until supplies of postage stamps and stamped en- 
 velopes are procured for the pre-paymcnt of postage within 
 the Confederate States, all postages must be paid in money, 
 under the provisions of the first section of an act approved 
 March 1st, 1861. 
 
 Given und:'r my hand and seal of the Post Office Depart- 
 '^-^ ment of the Confederate States of America, at 
 
 \ h. s. [ Richmond, Virginia, the 3rd day of July, in the 
 
 ^ v^v^ ^ year 1861. 
 
 JOHN II. REAGAN, 
 
 Postmaster General. 
 
 NEW POSTAGE ACTS. 
 
 NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC AND INSTRUCTIONS TO POSTMASTERS. 
 
 The following laws have been enacted by the Congress of 
 the Confederate States of America : 
 
 Letter Postage. 
 
 *^ AN ACT to prescribe the Rates of Postage in the Con- 
 federate States of America, and for other purposes. 
 
 ^^ The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact y 
 That from and after such period as the Postmaster General 
 may by proclamation announce, there shall be charged the 
 following rates of postage, to wit : For every single sealed 
 letter, and for every letter in manuscript or paper of any 
 kind, upon wdiich information shall be asked for or commu- 
 nicated in waiting or by marks or signs, conveyed in the 
 
37 
 
 ( A. — Continued. ) 
 
 mail for any distance between places witliin the Confederate 
 States of America, not exceeding five hundred miles, five 
 cents ; and for any distance exceeding five hundred miles, 
 double that rate ; and every letter or parcel not exceeding 
 half an ounce in Aveio:ht sball be deemed a sino;le letter, and 
 every additional weight of half an ounce, or additional 
 weight of less than half an ounce, shall be charged with ad- 
 ditional single postage ; a?id all packages containing other than 
 printed or written matter — and money packages are inclu§td in 
 this class — shall he rated by weight as letters are rated, and shall 
 be charged the rates of postage on letters ; and all drop let- 
 ters, or letters placed in any post office not for transmission, 
 but for delivery only, shall be charged with postage at the 
 rate of two cents each ; and in all the foregoing cases the 
 postage must be prepaid by stamps ; and all letters which 
 shall hereafter be advertised as remaining over or uncalled 
 for in any post office, shall be charged with two cents each 
 in addition to the regular postage, both to be accounted for 
 as other postages of this Confederacy." 
 
 Postage on Newspapers, Pamphlets, and other printed matter, in- 
 eluding Books. 
 
 "And be it further enacted, That all newspapers pub- 
 lished within the Confederate States, not exceeding three 
 ounces in weight, and sent from the office of publication to 
 actual and bona fide subscribers within the Confederate 
 States, shall be charged with postage as follows, viz : The 
 postage on the regular numbers of a newspaper published 
 w^eekly, shall be ten cents per quarter; papers published 
 semi-weekly, double that amount; papers published thrice 
 a week, treble that amount ; papers published six times a 
 week, six times that amount, and papers published daily, 
 seven times that amount. And on newspapers weighing 
 more than three ounces, there shall be charged on each ad- 
 ditional ounce in addition to the foregoing rates, on those 
 published once a week, five cents per ounce, or fraction of 
 an ounce, per quarter ; on those published twice a week, 
 ten cents per ounce per quarter ; on those published three 
 times a week, fifteen cents per ounce per quarter ; on those 
 published six times a week, thirty cents per ounce per 
 quarter ; and on those published daily, thirty-five cents per- 
 ounce per quarter. 
 
3d 
 
 ( A. — Continued. ) 
 
 " And periodicals published oftener than bi-monthly shall 
 be charged as newspapers. 
 
 " And other periodicals, sent from tlie office of publication 
 to actual and bona fide subscribers, shall be charged with 
 postage as follows, \\z : The postage on the regular numbers 
 of a periodical, published Avithin the Confederate States, not 
 exceeding one and a half ounces in weight, and published 
 monthy, shall be tAvo and a half cents per quarter ; and for 
 ever}^rdditional ounce, or fraction of an ounce, two and a 
 half cents additional ; if published semi-monthly, double 
 that amount. And periodicals published quarterly or bi- 
 monthly, shall be charged two cents an ounce ; and regular 
 subscribers to newspapers and periodicals shall be required to 
 pay one quarter's postage thereon in advance, at the office of 
 delivery, unless paid at the office where published. 
 
 ** And there shall be charged upon every other newspaper, 
 and each circular not sealed, hand-bill, engraving, pamphlet, 
 periodical and magazine, which shall be unconnected with 
 any manuscript or written matter, and not exceeding three 
 ounces in weight, and published within the Confederate 
 States, two cents ; and for each additional ounce, or fraction 
 of an ounce, two cents additional ; and in all cases the pos- 
 tage shall be pre-paid by stamps or otherwise, as the Post- 
 master General shall direct. 
 
 ** And books, bound or unbound, not weighing over four 
 pounds, shall be deemed mailable matter, and shall be charged 
 with postage, to be prepaid by stamps or otherwise, as the 
 Postmaster General shall direct, at two cents an ounce for 
 any distance. 
 
 " And upon all newspapers, periodicals and books, as 
 aforesaid, published beyond the limits of the Confederate 
 States, there shall be charged postage at double the forego- 
 ing specified rates. 
 
 " The publishers of newspapers or periodicals Avithin the 
 Confederate States, may send and receive to and from each 
 other, from their respective offices of publication, one copy 
 of each publication, free of postage. 
 
 ** All newspapers, unsealed circulars, or other unsealed 
 printed transient matter, placed in any post office, not for 
 transmission but for delivery only, shall be charged postage 
 at the rate of one cent each." 
 
39 
 
 ( A. — Continued. ) 
 
 Franking Privilege. 
 
 " And be it further enacted, That from and after the day 
 when this act goes into effect the franking privilege shall be 
 abolished : Provided, That the Postmaster General and his 
 chief clerk, the Chief of the Contract, Appointment and 
 Finance Bureaus, and the Auditor of the Treasury for the 
 Post Office Department, shall be and they are hereby author- 
 ized to transmit through the mail, free of postage, any let- 
 ters, packages, or other matters relating exclusively to their 
 official duties or to the business of the Post Office Depart- 
 ment ; but they shall, in every such case, indorse on the 
 back of the letter or package to be sent free of postage, over 
 their own signature, the words '^ Official Business." And 
 for any such indorsement falsely made, the person so offend- 
 ing shall forfeit and pay three hundred dollars. And pro- 
 vided further, The several deputy postmasters throughout 
 the Confederate States shall be and hereby are authorized to 
 send through the mail, free of postage, all letters and pack- 
 ages which it may be their duty or they may have occasion 
 to transmit to any person or place, and which shall relate 
 exclusively to the business of their respective offices or to 
 the business of the Post Office Department ; but in every 
 such case the deputy postmaster sending any such letter or 
 package shall indorse thereon, over his own signature, the 
 words '^ Post Office Business." And for any and every such 
 indorsement falsely made, the person making the same shall 
 forfeit and pay three hundred dollars." 
 
 Payment of Postage in Money until Postage Stamps and 
 Stamped Envelopes are pi'ovided. 
 
 Section 1. The Congress of the Confederate States of Amer- 
 ica do enact. That until postage stamps and stamped envel- 
 opes can be procured and distributed, the Postmaster Gene- 
 ral may order the postage of the Confederacy to be pre-pai4 
 in money, under such rules and regulations as he may 
 adopt." 
 
 Repeal of the Letter Registration System. 
 
 " And he it further enacted. That the third section of an 
 act entitled ' An act further to amend an act entitled ' An 
 act to reduce and modify the rates of postage in the United 
 
40 
 
 (A. — Continued. ) 
 
 States, and for other purposes, passed March third, eighteen 
 hundred and fifty-one,' approved March 3d, 1855, ^vhereby 
 the letter registration S3^stem was estahli.slied, be and is 
 hereby repealed from and after the day when this act goes 
 into effect." 
 
 Conveyance of Mail Matter by " Express and other Chartered 
 Companies y 
 
 " Sec. 5. That it shall be lawful for the Postmaster Gene- 
 ral to allow express and other chartered companies to carry 
 letters and all mail matter of every description, whether the 
 same be enclosed in stamped envelopes or pre-paid by stamps 
 or money ; but if the same be pre-paid in money, the money 
 shall be paid to some postmaster, who shall stamp the same 
 paid, and shall account to the Post Office Department for the 
 same, in the same manner as for letters sent by the mail ; 
 and if pre-paid b}^ stamps, then the express or other com- 
 pany receiving sucli letters for deliver}^ shall obliterate such 
 stamps, under the penalty of five hundred dollars for each 
 failure, to be recovered by action of debt in any court hav- 
 ing jurisdiction thereof, in the name of the Postmaster 
 General, for the use of the Confederate States ; but if said 
 letters or mail matter shall be received by such express or 
 other company, not for delivery, but to be mailed, then the 
 matter so carried shall be pre-paid at the same rate that the 
 existing law requires it to be paid from the point where it 
 may be received by such company to the point of its desti- 
 nation, and the postmaster, where such company may mail 
 the same, shall deface the stamps upon the same. 
 
 ** Sec. 6. Be it further enacted. That agents of any com- 
 pany who may carry letters under the provisions of this act, 
 shall be required to take an oath that he will faithfully com- 
 ply with the law of the Confederate States relating to the 
 carrying of letters or other mail matter, and obliterating 
 postage stamps, which oath may be administered by any 
 justice of the peace, and shall be in writing, and signed by 
 such agent or messenger, and filed in the Post Office De- 
 partment. 
 
 "Approved, March 15th, 1861." 
 
41 
 
 ( A. — Continued. ) 
 
 " AN ACT to continue in force certain laws of the United 
 
 States of America. 
 
 " Be it enacted by the Confederate States of America in Con- 
 gress assembled, That all the laws of the United States of 
 America, in force and in use in the Confederate States of 
 America on the first day of November last, and not incon- 
 sistent with the Constitution of the Confederate States, be 
 and the same are hereby continued in force until altered or 
 repealed by the Congress. 
 
 " Adopted February 9th, 1861.'' 
 
 Postmasters' returns must be made to close on the 31st 
 March, the 30th June, the 3l)th September, and the 31st 
 December, in each year; and the return for the fractional 
 part of the last quarter, which ended June 3Uth ult., must 
 be promptly rendered to the Chief of the Finance Bureau, 
 Post Office Department, Richmond, Virginia, in the form 
 and manner prescribed by existing laws and regulations. 
 
 Postmasters are instructed to retain in their possession, 
 subject to the further orders of this Department, for the 
 benefit of the Confederate States, all mail bags, locks and 
 keys, marking and rating stamps, blanks for quarterly re- 
 turns of postmasters, and all other property, belonging to or 
 connected with the postal service, and to return forthwith to 
 the Chief of the Appointment Bureau of this Department, 
 a full inventory of the same. 
 
 They will also report to the Chief of the Finance Bureau 
 of this Department, their journal or ledger account with the 
 United States, for the service of the Post Office Department, up 
 to and including the ^th day of June xdt., in accordance with 
 the general regulations embraced in chapter 24 of the edi- 
 tion of Laws and Regulations of the Post Office Department, 
 issued May 15th, 1859, page 106, exhibiting the final bal- 
 ance in their possession. 
 
42 
 
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(C.) 
 
 CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, 
 
 General Post Office Department, 
 Richmond, Va., Nov. 22, 1861. 
 
 Hon. John II. Reagan, 
 
 Postmaster General : 
 
 Sir : I have the honor herewith to submit a detailed state- 
 ment of the receipts and expenditures of the Post Office De- 
 partment for the fractional quarter ending SOth June, 1861, 
 so far as the same can be exliibited from the books and files 
 of this office. 
 
 It is proper to premise that, owing to the limited period 
 over which the transactions noticed in the annexed state- 
 ment extend, (only one month,) they do not afford a true 
 criterion of the regular quarterly business of the office. 
 Other causes also have operated not only to prevent the re- 
 turns of postmasters from being forwarded to the Depart- 
 ment, but have materially lessened the receipts of the various 
 offices. The unsettled condition of the country, the sudden 
 change on the 1st of June of the postal service, the increased 
 rates of postage, the want of stamps for the pre-payment of 
 postages, and the disappearance of specie from circulation, 
 have, to a great extent, combined to materially diminish the 
 revenue from postages. 
 
 The principal difficulty, how^ever, in ascertaining the pos- 
 tal receipts for the period mentioned, grows out of the fact 
 that a large number of postmasters have made no returns of 
 their accounts for June, but have embraced the items of these 
 accounts in their returns for the quarter ending SDth Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 There are 8,946 post offices within the Confederate States, 
 and from these only about one-half, or 4,922 postmasters 
 have made returns for June, leaving 4,024, who, it is pre- 
 sumed, have deferred making their returns until they send 
 in their accounts-current for the quarter ending 3()th Sep- 
 
44 
 
 ( C. — Continued. ) 
 
 teraber. These last mentioned accounts began to arrive 
 about the middle of October, and have been accumulating 
 very rapidly up to this date. 
 
 Of the accounts for the fractional quarter ending 30th 
 June, and which were received before the end of September, 
 4,701) have been examined and corrected, and of those which 
 have been received since the 30th of September, 2,771 have 
 been examined and corrected, leaving 1,275 to be examined 
 before the end of the present quarter terminating 31st De- 
 cember, by which time it is probable that all the postmasters 
 will have sent in their accounts-current, from which a much 
 more exteiided report of the revenue arising from postal re- 
 ceipts can be made, and from which more reliable estimates 
 may be made of the receipts from this branch of the service 
 for the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1862, 
 
 From the annexed tabular statement it will be seen that 
 the gross revenue arising from postal receipts for the frac- 
 tional quarter ending 30th June, being the proceeds, however, 
 of only 4,922 offices, was $92,384 67. The expenses for 
 the same period, exclusive of amounts due for transportation 
 of mails, and for payments to route and local agents, and 
 mail messengers, was $49,040 60. The amount expended 
 and due for transportation of mails, and payments to route 
 and local agents and mail messengers, and to contractors for 
 transportation, was $151,897 37, making a total of expen- 
 ditures amounting to $200,939 97, and showing an excess 
 of expenditures over the receipts of the office of $108,553 
 30. 
 
45 
 
 ( C. — Continued. ) 
 
 The receipts of the various offices in the several States 
 were as follows : 
 
 LETTERS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 
 
 Virginia $21,026 13 $2,1 i6 21 
 
 North Carolina 5,768 34 1,263 57 
 
 South Carolina 6,556 21 1^345 32 
 
 Tennessee 2,102 50 301 91 
 
 Arkansas 2,238 82 266 34 
 
 Texas 3,835 43 719 72 
 
 Georgia 11,250 80 1,972 76 
 
 Alabama 8,166 63 1,574 38 
 
 Florida 2,771 96 170 10 
 
 Mississippi 7,524 46 852 85 
 
 Louisiana 8,217 10 1,390 00 
 
 $79,458 38 $11,973 16 
 
 Add for excess of 
 emoluments 953 13 
 
 For ship, steamboat 
 and way letters 116 66 
 
 The expense of collecting the foregoing amount in the 
 separate States was as follows : 
 
 COMPENSATION OF INCIDENTAL 
 
 POSTMASTERS, EXPENSES. 
 
 Virginia $6,906 97 $1,755 82 
 
 North Carolina 3,475 82 317 88 
 
 South Carolina 3,015 12 701 38 
 
 Tennessee 1,059 54 500 02 
 
 Arkansas 1,550 89 51 79 
 
 Texas 2,451 50 304 27 
 
 Georgia 5,614 52 1,643 23 
 
 Alabama 3,952 75 1,368 18 
 
 Florida 820 12 13 93 
 
 Mississippi 4,100 21 59 09 
 
 Louisiana 2,099 76 2,250 13 
 
 $35,047 20 $8,965 72 
 35,047 20 
 Balance due Post- 
 master in Arkansas 176 32 
 Total expenses $44,189 24 
 
46 
 
 ( C. — Continued. ) 
 
 The following tabular statement exhibits in a condensed 
 form the total of expenditures and receipts for the fractional 
 quarter ending June 3(1, 1861. 
 
 Statement of the Revenue and Expenditures of the Post 
 Office Department of the Confederate States, and also the 
 Amount Due Contractors and Postmasters, as Exhibited 
 by the books in the Office of the Auditor of the Treasury 
 for the Post Office Department for June, 1861, viz : 
 
 EXPENDITURES. 
 
 For transportation of inland 
 
 mails, including payments to 
 
 route agents, local agents and 
 
 mail messengers $115,152 26 
 
 Amount due contractors for 
 
 transportation of the mails 
 
 yet to be settled 36,745 11 
 
 Compensation of postmasters. . 35,U47 20 
 Compensation of clerks in post 
 
 offices 8,117 10 
 
 Ship, steamboat and way letters 116 66 
 
 Advertising 1,173 91 
 
 Mail bags 175 
 
 Blanks 3,000 00 
 
 Mail locks, keys and office 
 
 stamps 73 67 
 
 Mail depredations and special 
 
 ao-ents 472 73 
 
 o 
 
 Miscellaneous payments 86 I 26 
 
 Balance due postmaster 176 32 
 
 $200,937 97 
 
 RECEIPTS. 
 
 From letter postage 79,458 38 
 
 " postage on newspapers 
 andpamphiets 11,973 16 
 
 From emoluments 953 13 
 
 92,384 67 
 
 Excess of expenditures $108,553 30 
 
47 
 
 ( C. — Continued. ) 
 
 Adopting the following table as a basis for estimating the 
 probable receipts from the same sources for the year ending 
 June 30, 1862, and comparing that estimate with the receipts 
 from all the Post Offices now in the Confederate States, for 
 the fiscal year ending SOth June, 1860, the following is the 
 result: 
 
 Total receipts of all the offices in 1860 $1,517,536 00 
 
 Total receipts of all the offices in 1861 1,091,012 00 
 
 Showing a deficiency for 1861 of $426,524 00 
 
 Amount of receipts for postage 
 of the United States for the 
 year 1860. 
 
 Estimates of a year's receipts for 
 postage for the C. States for 
 the year ending June 30, 1862. 
 
 STATES. 
 
 AMOUNT. 
 
 STATES. 
 
 AMOUNT. 
 
 Virginia 
 
 $275,269 00 
 97,812 00 
 113,675 00 
 183,120 00 
 28,319 00 
 148,471 00 
 116,018 00 
 128,177 00 
 218,323 00 
 
 Virginia ... 
 
 $277,704 00 
 84,372 00 
 92,412 00 
 
 159,024 00 
 31,292 00 
 
 110,880 00 
 
 100,512 00 
 54,648 00 
 
 115,284 00 
 
 North Carolina. . . 
 Soutli Carolina.. .. 
 Georgia 
 
 North Carolina . . . 
 South Carolina 
 
 Florida 
 
 Florida 
 
 Alabama 
 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Texas 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 Texas 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 155,732 00 
 
 Tennessee .... 
 
 28,836 00 
 
 30,048 00 
 
 $1,091,012 00 
 
 Arkansas ... 
 
 52,020 00 
 $1,517,536 00 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 Total 
 
 Total 
 
 As the foregoing table, however, is based upon the re- 
 turns from only 4,922 Post Offices, the receipts must neces- 
 sarily be increased by the returns from the remaining 4,024 
 offices ; but these last mentioned are generally small offices, 
 scattered throughout the interior, from many of which the 
 receipts will be very inconsiderable. 
 
 It will be seen by referring to the foregoing comparative 
 statement, that the prevailing hostilities have affected the 
 current business of the Post Office Department, in common 
 with all other business of the country. For instance, in 
 the State of Virginia, where large bodies of troops have 
 been stationed, the receipts from postages were diminished 
 but in a small degree ; while in South Carolina, Texas and 
 Louisiana, the diminution is very large. As soon as the ac- 
 
48 
 
 ( C. — Continued. ) 
 
 counts current for the quarter ending 3()th of September 
 shall be examined and corrected, I will be able to report 
 more accurately the data from "svliich estimates of postal 
 revenue for the fiscal year ending 3i)th June, 1862, may bo 
 made. 
 
 In addition to the amount of expenses incurred for com- 
 pensation of Postmasters, &c., as before stated, the following 
 table vrill exhibit the amount of expenses, paid and incurred, 
 to contractors for carrying the mails, to Route Agents, 
 Local Agents, Mail Messengers and Special Messengers, for 
 the fractional quarter ending 30th June, ISGl : 
 Statement of expenses paid and incurred to Contractors for 
 carrying the Mails, to Route Agents, Local xVgents, Mail 
 Messengers and Special Messengers for the quarter end- 
 ing 3()th June, 1861 : 
 
 STATES. AMOUNT DUE. AMOUNT PAID. 
 
 Alabama $16,233 22 $16,600 97 
 
 Arkansas 10,056 88 9,766 67 
 
 Florida 3,054 05 1 ,093 92 
 
 Georgia 6,702 74 7,590 72 
 
 Louisiana 20,970 09 17,268 60 
 
 Mississippi 18,488 86 12,131 17 
 
 North Carolina 6,811 96 6,586 63 
 
 South Carolina 10,435 22 9,772 47 
 
 Tennessee 3,689 39 2,443 31 
 
 Texas 34,775 80 12,488 91 
 
 Virginia 12,073 72 4,703 44 
 
 Route Agents 7,097 15 7,097 15 
 
 Local Agents 50 00 50 00 
 
 Mail Messengers 1,210 S6 1,210 36 
 
 Special Messengers 247 93 247 93 
 
 Total $151,897 37 $115,152 26 
 
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 (C. — Continued.) 
 
 As auxiliary to the ordinary postal service, an act of 
 Congress was passed May 21, 1861, appropriating the sum 
 of $^30,0UU for compensation of Agents, cost of materials, 
 and constructing, and operating telegraph lines, &c. 
 
 Of the above sum there has been expended for 
 
 the objects enumerated $15,136 77 
 
 Leaving unexpended to the credit of the appro- 
 priation, the sum of 14,863 23 
 
 $30,000 00 
 
 By an Act of Congress passed August 30, 1861, all post- 
 masters in the Confederate States, are required to account 
 to this Bureau, for all moneys collected by them for United 
 States postages, and not paid over at the time the Confeder- 
 ate States took charge of the postal service. 
 
 In obedience to your proclamation, made in conformity 
 with said act, about 5,300 postmasters have sent to this of- 
 fice, statements of balances due to or from the United States ; 
 but in most instances, the statements were so uncertain, that 
 I have issued a circular, addressed to each postmaster, giv- 
 ing special forms and instructions for making out the 
 accounts in accordance with the Act of Congress. So far 
 as an estimate can be made from the very vague returns sent 
 in from the postmasters, it appears that over $50,000 is now 
 in the hands of those who have made returns. 
 
 The same act provides that all persons having claims for 
 postal services against the United States, shall file the same 
 with the Auditor, under such forms as the Postmaster Gen- 
 eral may approve. 
 
 For that class of cases embracing principally contractors, 
 I have had tabular forms printed, with instructions for mak- 
 ing- out their claims ; and these forms, as well as those for 
 postmasters' accounts, are now being distributed. 
 
 The adjustment of these accounts will require a large 
 amount of labor, and great care and accuracy, and at least 
 two clerks will be necessary for their examination, recording 
 and settlement. 
 
 It is proper to state, in this connection, that when the 
 tjlerical corps was provided for this Bureau, there were but 
 
51 
 
 (C. — Continued.) 
 
 seven States in the Confederacy, and it was supposed that 
 thirty (30) clerks would be a sufficient number to assist the 
 Auditor in settling the accounts of the Department. But 
 since that time four States have ^een added with as many 
 post offices, and contractors as were embraced within the 
 original seven States, by which the labors of the clerks, as 
 well as the Auditor have been greatly increased ; and unless 
 the number of clerks is augmented, the business of the Bu- 
 reau will be greatly retarded. The number of examiners is 
 too small for the number of accounts current now coming in,, 
 and m order to keep up the proper system of checks of one 
 division upon the other, it will be necessary to increase the 
 number of pay clerks and registers, and to provide for 
 the settlement of accounts of postmasters with the United 
 States, by detailing at least two clerks, one of whom can 
 examine and register the accounts, and the other can correct 
 this examination, and keep the books which will be necessa- 
 ry for the entry and preservation of the items of the 
 accounts. 
 
 I respectfully call 3'our attention to the labor performed 
 by the clerical corps in this Bureau, as shown by the con- 
 densed statements accompanying this report ; and the occa- 
 sion seems to be a proper one in whicli to express my 
 appreciation of the zeal and efficiency of the gentlemen who- 
 have been appointed to clerkships in this Bureau. 
 1 have the honor to be, very respectfully. 
 
 Your ob't servant, 
 
 BOLLING BAKER, 
 Auditor of the Treasury for the Post Office Departments 
 
52 
 
 (C. — Continued.) 
 
 General Post Office Department, 
 Auditor's Office, 
 Richmond, Va., Nov. 27, 1861. 
 
 Hon. John H. Reagan, P. M. General : 
 
 biR : 
 
 In addition to my report of tlie 23d inst., I herewith trans- 
 mit a statement from the report of the President of the 
 Southern Telegraph Company, and also, the names of the 
 operators employed, the date of their appointments, rate of 
 compensation, amount paid, due, &c., &c. 
 
 LINES CONSTRUCTED. 
 
 DISTANCE. 
 
 TOTAL 
 DISTANCE. 
 
 COST. 
 
 West Point to Yorktown 
 
 1 
 
 59 
 17 
 23 
 
 19 
 5 
 
 20 
 4 
 
 70 
 
 99 
 
 48 
 70 
 
 217 
 
 
 Ship Point to Lands End 
 
 Fairfax Station to Fairfax C. II.. 
 Falls Church, Munson Hill and 
 Chichester 
 
 Union Mills to Centreville 
 
 T^nmfriot; to Afiuia Creek . 
 
 $1,439 60 
 
 *• to ChaT)a\vanisic 
 
 304 35 
 
 Staunton to Jackson River 
 
 2,021 37 
 
 
 $4,365 32 
 
 LINES IN PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION. | 
 
 Jackson River to Lewisburg. .36| 
 
 Dumfries to Manassas 25 1 
 
 New Orleans to Houston, Texas. | 
 Little Rock to Fort Smith, Ark..j 
 10 1-2 miles of insulated wire, 3 
 
 vehicles. 
 
 Batteries for field telegraph 
 
 DISTANCE. 
 
 61 
 
 ESTIMATED 
 COST. 
 
 $4,000 00 
 
 COST. 
 
 4,313 50 
 
 4,763 86 
 
 $4,000 00 I $13,442 68 
 
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 311 
 
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 119 
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 44 
 
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 1197 
 
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 234 
 
 153 
 
 
 60 
 
 6 
 
 453 
 
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 221 
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 113 
 
 126 
 
 666 
 
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 B. N. CLEMENTS, 
 Chief of Appointment Bureau. 
 
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