^^AMEULET-COjLLECTiom 
 
 THE SORROW OF LENT 
 
 FOR SIN, AND NOT FOR SUFFERING; 
 
 THE MORNING SERMON 
 
 ST. MAEY'S CHURCH, BURLINGTON, 
 
 ON THE 
 
 FIRST SUNDAY IN LENT, 
 
 February 22d, A. D., 1863. 
 
 BY THE BECTOB, 
 
 The Eev. Wm. Croswell Doane, B. D, 
 
 PUBLISHED BY REQUEST. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA : 
 J. B. CHANDLER, PRINTER, 306 & 308 CHESTNUT STREET. 
 
 1863. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2015 
 
 https://archive.org/details/sorrowoflentforsOOdoan 
 
S E R M O IT. 
 
 ■ — 
 
 *St. Matthew x. 34. 
 
 ''Think not that I am come to send peace on earth: I came not to send 
 peace, but a sword." 
 
 Hard, indeed, is this saying of tlie Prince of Peace. It is a private, 
 confidential utterance to the twelve Apostles. He begins, in this chap- 
 ter to draw, closer to His heart, nearer to His thoughts, more in contact 
 and communion with what St. Paul calls, 'Hhe mind of Christ,^^ those 
 whom He was so soon to leave, as lambs, Himself the Shepherd, far 
 away, in the midst of wolves. And they are hard sayings. The herald 
 song of the Angel Chorus was strung upon this earthly note of Peace. 
 The heavenly chord was " Glori/f the echo, as it rebounded against 
 the hard and frozen ground, upon that winter morning, in accord with 
 it, was peace. Long ago, in the prophetic enumeration of His titles, 
 and His offices, this one was secured to the promised Child, ^'the Prince 
 of Peace." And the beautiful feet of Jesus and His disciples, as they 
 trod down the mountain sides of the old centuries, before the rapt eye 
 of the inspired Seers, were ''shod with the preparation of the Gospel of 
 Peace." And yet, this is His saying, ''I came not to send peace; I 
 came to send a sword." How is it, rather, is it, that there is discord, 
 between the voice that the Church uttered with the opening Christmas 
 season, and the voice with which she introduces this solemn fast of 
 Lent. Beloved, I want you to undertake with me a quiet, thoughtful 
 study of these striking words, and to take home, the plain and practical 
 Lenten bearing of them upon your lives. By a strange coincidence, 
 
 * The first lessons for the day, were the seventh and ninth chapters of the 
 prophecy of Jeremiah ; and the second morning lesson was the tenth chapter 
 of the Gospel according to St, Matthew. 
 
4 
 
 this is a day whicli^ for many and many a year, has been a Saint's day, 
 in the calendar of patriotism. I honour the spirit that honours such a 
 day, and such a man, as, on this day, God gave to all the world. And 
 upon this day, the nation enters, through all its length and breadth, 
 either directly as Church people, or indirectly in the great and growing 
 influence of the Church upon the outer world j upon this day, the 
 nation enters, from one end to the other end, from one side to the 
 other side, upon the solemn Lenten Sundays. It is not unfittiog, that 
 a veil of Christian thoughtfulness and sorrow floats around the great 
 memory of to-day. We should not keep it half so well in any direct 
 celebration, as here, and now, among the awful national warnings with 
 which to-day's Holy Scriptures overrun. And yet, I am not here, nor 
 are you, to name a human name, to keep an earthly feast. I speak 
 only of the providential pointing, which, by this sort of patriotic holy 
 day, leads up our thoughts, from the prophetic denunciations of a 
 ruined nation, to see the threatened ruin of our own. Instead of that 
 complacent and vainglorious boasting, which has, for years, exhausted 
 rhetoric, in search of words sufficiently self-glorifying to boast our 
 national superiority, in freedom and success, to any people of the 
 earth ; instead of the proud vaunting of that courage and strength, by 
 which we were delivered from subjection into sovereignty; instead of 
 these, there are the discordant voices of men contending unto blood 
 for rights; of men who, with the readiest counsel and most freely 
 ofi"ered, yet fail to find the remedy for our national disease ; and amid 
 these, we hear the rumblings of that far off thunder which comes 
 across the sea, and the cries from the battle-fields, the groans from the 
 hospitals, and the wailing from fatherless, widowed, childless homes. 
 And down through all this noise, this discord, this confusion, making 
 itself heard, as thunder does, above all earth-born sounds, falls this 
 great voice of God, in the first lesson for this morning's service, upon 
 the very day when we are wont to praise our human deliverer, to glory 
 in our human deliverance ; in words, to whose terrible truthfulness, who 
 dares to give the lie , words, to whose wondrous application, who will 
 venture to refuse assent ; words, from whose awful responsibility which 
 one of us can writhe away? ^^Will ye steal, murder, and commit 
 adultery and swear falsely and burn incense unto Baal, and walk after 
 other gods, whom ye know not; and come and stand before ME, in 
 this House, whereupon my Name is called, and say, We are delivered 
 
5 
 
 to do all tJiese abominations.' " Ah, my brethren, delivered men, free 
 men, are not they who are the slaves of such enchaining and debasing 
 habits. "Abraham's seed, and never in bondage to any man/' is well 
 enough for boastful lips to say; but '^he that committeth sin, is the 
 servant of sin." While we speak of liberty, we are the servants of 
 corruption;" and all our national pride, that totters now, so miserably 
 to its fall, is but the trusting "■ in lying words that cannot profit." 
 
 And then comes, Lent — right in the midst of wars, of sufi'erings 
 untold to heart and body, of fraud, of political strife and contentions, 
 of wranglings after place, of graspings after money, of extortion, of 
 bribery, of violence, of drunkenness, of profanity, of ^irreverence, of 
 wanton triviality, of wickedness in high places and in low ; right in 
 the midst of all this, comes in Lent; with its fasts, its heart-search- 
 ings, its humiliation, its self-denials, its penitence, its confessions, and 
 its prayers. There is a Lent of sorrow over all the land. With forced 
 mirth, or mocking frivolity, the world of fashion gilds and glosses over 
 the groans and tears, the fears, the anxious uncertainties, the terrible 
 possibilities of every day But, literally and truly, the echo of the 
 laughter is a knell : and they are ghastly skeletons, in almost transpa- 
 rent robes, that make gay the carnival routs of these sad times ; for 
 "from the cities of Judah and from the streets of Jerusalem, the Lord 
 God has caused to cease the voice of mirth and the voice of gladness, 
 for the land is desolate." Oh my beloved, let us do what in us lies, 
 to make it a Lenten time of devotion, of penitence, of grief for sin, of 
 voluntary self-punishment; lest there be written, uttered, soon of us, 
 those words, too terrible almost for utterance, those words of such utter, 
 outer hopelessness and ruin; '^pray not thou, for this people, neither 
 lift up cry nor prayer for them, neither make intercession for them, 
 for I IV ill not hear thee.'' 
 
 " Think not that I am come to send peace on earth ; I came not to 
 send peace, but a sword." You know, that in the elder days, there were 
 many sentimental expectants of Messiah's reign, who looked for all 
 
 ^ It is incredible, yet said to be true, that a public speaker, within a few 
 weeks, m 2^ public speech, closed with this hyper-blasphemous parody, " There 
 is none other name under heaven, given among men in whom this nation must 
 be saved but only the name of — Abraham Lincoln, President of the United 
 States." 
 
6 
 
 good and perfect human gifts of peace, prosperity and plenty, and tlie 
 kingdom restored to Israel. The Apostles shared the common hope, 
 in some degree. They fondly dreamed to have heaven transplanted 
 to the earth ; as though some traveller should scoop a hollow, in a floe 
 of ice in BaflSn's Bay, to plant in it, a tropical palm. They forgot that 
 great lesson, of God's gradual dealings, God's gradual development of 
 everything. They lost sight of that essential and inherent, axiomatic 
 truth, in the Divine economy, which gives no gifts, till men are fitted 
 for their reception and appreciation ; which only sends the mature and 
 mellow fruit, when patient waiting has stood in the working footprints 
 of unwearied toil, trodden deeply into the earth, which has been dug 
 and furrowed and tormented, with the sharp teeth of spade and hoe 
 and share. And they looked for peace to be the instantaneous result of 
 the Messiah's kingdom ; the sudden and spontaneous outgrowth, wooed 
 by the sun and wind of Heaven, from soil that had been rank with 
 every sort of noxious weeds. The dew of the Messiah's birth was of 
 the womb of the morning;" His dew was ^'as the dew of herbs," and 
 the earth was ^^to cast out its dead ;" its old and honored wrongs. 
 
 But with {he influences of heaven, must be the toils, and trials and 
 tortures of earth. And against this sentimental expectation, this 
 theory of an unaided, effortless, spontaneous, irresistible outpouring of 
 peace ; this expectation of a harvest with no seed-time, no patient wait- 
 ing, no toilsome work, the Saviour lifts the denial of His purpose, in 
 the great words of the text, I am not come to send peace." It was 
 the very longing of His soul, the one and only intention^ for which He 
 had left the Father's side in Heaven ; " of twain to make one man ;" to 
 reconcile the Gentile and the Jew; to make mankind at one with God. 
 By a designed coincidence,' His birthday fell upon an age of peace. 
 The gates of Janus were closed, for the third time only, since Kome 
 was built. 
 
 * "Peace, crown'd with olive green, came softly sliding 
 
 Down through the turning sphere, 
 
 His ready harbinger, 
 With turtle wing, the amorous clouds dividing ; 
 
 And, waving with her myrtle wand, 
 
 She strikes an H.»tt6«e4 peace, through sea and land. 
 No war, or battle's sound 
 
 Was heard the world around : 
 
 * Milton's hymn on the Morning of Christ's Nativity. 
 
7 
 
 The idle spear and shield were high up hung, 
 
 The hooked chariot stood, 
 
 Unstained with hostile blood, 
 The trumpet spake not to the armed throng. 
 And kings sat still with awful eye. 
 As if they surely knew their sovereign Lord was by." 
 
 But this was but the prophetic picture of a history which should be 
 realized through the travail pains of strife and war. From that day 
 forth, there has not been an age, in which the very signs of the great 
 judgment day have not been enacted^ in the wars and rumours of wars, 
 the distress of nations, the failing of men's hearts for fear and for 
 perplexity. And HE who ruleth over all from the beginning has vin- 
 dicated, all along, and in no age more fully than in ours, the truth of 
 these great words : ^' I came not to send peace, but a sword.'' Paint- 
 ing, in that day of the first coming, in faint and shadowy outlines, the 
 picture of that peace, which, at His second coming shall be perfected 
 and made perpetual, He has, in His providential ordering of the world, 
 connected the hopeful seed time with the fulfilled harvest, by the series 
 of hoes and harrows, of spades and ploughshares, that have furrowed 
 the wide earth, into a great universal grave of the hopes, the hearts, the 
 bodies of men. And yet, beloved, His purpose, His intention, His 
 final object, His certain accomplishment, is peace. But it is peace, 
 through the swoid. The figure of the text is strong even to violence. 
 Its perfect consistency, to our shortsighted vision, that cannot discern 
 the beginning from the end, seems contradiction. We may perhaps 
 read in one version of the Christmas Carol, that the peace is only to 
 *men of good-will," to menf well-pleasing unto God; and so, knowing 
 our ill-will to one another; our tone of life and heart, displeasing unto 
 God, we may avoid the seeming contradiction of the Lenten and the 
 Christmas voices. Or we may take, as we had better, higher ground; 
 and appropriate the bitter warning of the text; that our peace, the only 
 peace that God will send upon this earth, is a peace won by the sword ; 
 the peace of God's victory, through the sword of the Cross, over the powers 
 of evil and the god of this world; the peace of our self-conquest, by 
 the sword of suff"ering self-denial ; of our conquering the world, by the 
 
 * "Pax hominibus bonse voluntatis." ^^avdpunoig evdodag." 
 •f " Homines bene placiti." 
 
8 
 
 sword of sharp, severe and violent attack, upon its enthroned wrongs, its 
 crowned evils, and its usurping sins. This is the force, the power 
 of the words. That peace, which the Prince of Peace will give to all 
 mankind, He must, because of our wickedness, wring from us with the 
 sword, and therefore, He sends that sword which shall conquer and 
 compel His peace. Dearly beloved, the religion of Jesus Christ comes 
 into this world, in complete contrast, in open opposition, in direct 
 warfare, with its spirit. The peace, the world seeks, and is satisfied 
 with, is the stagaant compromise with corruption, which leaves the 
 rotting sediment intact, to spread its slimy silence, breeding death, 
 upon the surface of the tide of time, which is stilled by the weight 
 of its disgusting presence. As when, a violent inflammatory disease 
 brings torturing pains to the poor body of the sick man, the doctor 
 hopes for cure; but, when the painlessness of mortification sets in, the 
 patient is encouraged, and the physician hopeless ; so has our peace 
 been the hopeless token of inevitable death, to every body but 
 ourselves. And He is the good physician who prefers our pain; 
 He is the Prince of Peace, the only Giver of real peace, who is come 
 to send the sword. It is not His choice, His gift. His preference. 
 But we pervert His purpose, by our sins. We compel, by our corrupt- 
 ness, the means He uses, to attain His end. And it is He, therefore, 
 who, in all ages and in all the world. He, who, in this age and in our 
 land, is come in the disastrous dangers that sadden all our hearts, send- 
 ing not peace first, but the sword ; the sword, to win for us His peace. 
 Now I beseech you, brethren, to take in this truth, to keep in view 
 this end ; to own the absolute necessity and cause of this. It is a voice 
 to you and me as individuals, to us as Burlingtonians, to us as Ame- 
 ricans. " I am not come to send peace, but a sword. Think ye not 
 that I am come to send peace." Think not, that this money-making, 
 self-glorifying, power-increasing, party-serving, self-seeking stillness of 
 our former years, is His peace. This sorrow, this severance, this suf- 
 fering, this shame; this is His gift. What are you sorry for; what are 
 you suffering from; what are you keeping Lent about? 0 selfish, 
 silly hearts ! We are all sorry for the suffering which may check our 
 sin, not for the sin which causes all our suffering. We are grieving 
 for the sword, which Jesus Christ sends to hew out for us final, per- 
 fect and perpetual peace. We are mourning for the loss of that flimsy, 
 shallow, stagnant, corrupt and poisonous prosperity, which, in our blind- 
 ness, we mistook for peace. Look at that other word of God : " I am 
 
9 
 
 come to send fire on the earth, and, what will I, if it be already kind- 
 led." Take the two words together ; the fire and the sword. And 
 what will He ; He, who is to fall the first victim to this sword ; to 
 the fury of this fire; He wills, He longs, He desires that the fire 
 be kindled, that the sword be whetted, that the fury be ac- 
 complished ; the sword to prune, the fire to purge, the evil that 
 is in the world. And we, we do not share in His desire ; we 
 dread the sword, we fear the fire ; we are content with the evil, we 
 complain and mourn at the suff"ering, we are satisfied with the sin. 
 Beloved, these are tremendous words, for us to hear, as Christians 
 entering upon Lent, as Americans, as citizens of our city. They sug- 
 gest a national, a public evil and calamity. They imply public and 
 national humiliation, and sorrow for sin. They do not shut out, but 
 they involve, individual sorrow, because you and I, as individuals, 
 make up the great mass of the city and the nation. And our sins, 
 yours and mine, are the component parts of that great, giant mass of 
 evil, which grasps the pierced Hand of Jesus, as it opens wide to pour 
 down on us peace ; and closes it, upon the hilt of a sharp sword, with 
 its edge whetted against ourselves. What is the lesson ? That we 
 must keep this Lent as sinners not as sufferers; as Americans not as 
 individuals, only. I would not take this sword as setting forth directly 
 our terrible war. That is but part of the sword. I would not under- 
 rate the agony of this war's suff'erings; for I have seen, with you, the 
 heart rendings of the unhusbanded, the unfathered, the unsonned : the 
 maimed and dying in the hospitals. But there is a greater, deeper sor- 
 row than all this; the sorrow for the sin that causes it. Look out among 
 ourselves; how drunkenness stalks, openly, in sunlight in the streets. 
 Look at those very hells on earth, within sound of our Church bells, 
 in which, inhuman villains violate with impunity, even the broad 
 permissions of the license law;'^' and barter their own souls away, 
 for the sixpences they steal from starving households, when they 
 sell the fire of drink to boys, to well known drunkards, to men who are 
 drunk when they buy it. Look how a timid, time-serving, treacherous 
 justice drags unconscious and stupefied sin to prison; and leaves these 
 unrighteous traffickers to ply their infernal trade, unharmed. Look at 
 the squinting eye of our law-administrators, that cannot see the back- 
 doors open, because the front shutters are barred, in our drinking shops 
 
 * Appendix A. 
 
10 
 
 on Sunday. Listen to the incessant roll of railroad transportation, 
 desecrating the silence of God's Holy Day, and compelling hundreds 
 of men to labour on the day of rest, in outright, understood, 
 acknowledged violation of the human law which we permit, because 
 we tolerate the men in ofl&ce, who are afraid to stop it. Look at the 
 fearful increase, in all the land, of this most deadly and destructive sin 
 of drunkenness. Or go up higher* Look how for years, love, sym- 
 pathy, good-will, the common-weal, have all been swamped in bigotry, 
 intolerance, self-opinion, selt righteousness, violence, self-interest, dis- 
 regard of public faith, self will ) in sectional pride, in personal or party 
 spoils. Look at the vile and venal corruptness of our public men : 
 almost the highest officers of federal and state governments accused and 
 uncleared of shamefaced bribery ; posts of the most sublime respon- 
 sibility, at auction, to the richest bidder; the scramble after places of 
 honour and of profit, conducted by the avowed, deliberate purchase of 
 votes, in money given, in free and liberal entertainment, in the sale of 
 under offices of trust; the holy halls of the administration of justice, 
 of the legislation of right, of the execution of law, very bar-rooms 
 and brothels for vileness and violence : while the wilful pursuit of party 
 ends, the trivial, blaspheming, revolting -wTjappreciation of the deep 
 solemnity of the issues of the hour, make buffoonery and party victory 
 and personal triumphs, the chief characteristics of this terrible time. 
 
 And yet, men only say, we are no worse than other nations. Oh, 
 what a word is that ! We, in the bare infancy of our hfe as a nation, 
 avowedly as had as the nations whose corruptness is imbecile with age: 
 babies profane, and little boys inebriates. And yet how, not worse ? 
 Q'he finger of God, in letters of blood, has written on the Capitol 
 walls the sentence of its years of infamy in the management of our 
 Indian affairs, and still for all that massacre, what is done ? A few 
 Indians are hung, and rightfully; the deeper dyed heathen, on the 
 borders and in the Agencies, go on sustained in their career of 
 swindling, in the encouragement of the savage vices of those tribes, 
 in their deliberate infection of them with disease and sin; till, 
 even now, the noble Bishop of Minnesota lifts up •('his voice in warn- 
 ing of a Chippewa war to come, exceeding in bloody atrocity the Sioux 
 massacre of the other day. The government of this Christian country 
 
 * Appendix B. 
 
 ■}• Missionary Paper, No. 24, by the Bp Seabury Mission, Taribault, Minn., 
 February, A. D. 1863 ; and also Churcli Journal for March 5th. 
 
11 
 
 tolerates a Pagan temple and idol worship, in the heart of San Fran- 
 cisco. It administers the Senatorial oath to Mormons, who, in their 
 support of the vile sensuousness of polygamy, have rejected utterly the 
 Bible, on which the sacredness of an oath depends. And there is reserved 
 for this age, a depth of degradation on which the moral decency of 
 heathenism looks, frowning and amazed; in that new law, just passed 
 the Senate, which seeks to compel me, or any other minister of the 
 Prince of Peace, to bear arms and to shed blood. The heathen augurs 
 stayed at home to consult the omens of the god of war. The Jewish 
 priesthood, in God's own battles, stayed on the hill top, away from all 
 the carnage, and held in prayer the issues of the fight. The Christian 
 minister is to be forced out into the ranks; or compromise with wrong, 
 by paying fines. Shall not God's soul '-be avenged, on such a nation 
 as this/' And we, what are we to do; not to abuse, denounce and 
 disobey : nay but to make these evils our own ; to correct them, as we 
 may, to pray, confess, amend. The Church, remember, has nothing 
 to do with the mere civil enactments of the State. Her ministers 
 must attack all sin: aiming at what lies about them; and at the under- 
 neath, immoral motives; not the outside, surface, political results. But 
 you as Christian men have to do with these things, in influence, in 
 votes, in your share of the administration of the country; to see to it, 
 that not only shall the king be feared, the majesty of law sustained, 
 and vindicated; but that beside, in all things, God shall be honoured 
 too. 
 
 " I am come to send the sword; I am come to send fire, and what will 
 I, if it be already kindled." The wise, far-seeing, deep, loving will of 
 God desires and decides for us the sword; this sorrow, this suffering, 
 this shame. Let us not deprecate it, nor grieve at it. National 
 wickedness is worse, a great deal, than national war. But underneath 
 this, let us confess, correct, attack, expose, the wide-spread and infec 
 tious corruption, which has left no part whole, from the head down to 
 the lowest member of the body politic. We have leaned too long upon 
 mere man ; till now, in our hour of utmost need, God has left no one 
 man, anywhere, upon whom any would be fool enough to lean ; and we 
 must fall back on God. V\^e must accept the sword of our national 
 calamity, as sent of Him. 
 
 Can it be that tl;ie Devil, has carried us up to the ^pinnacle of our 
 
 * St. Matthew iv : 1 ; the Holy Gospel for the day. 
 
12 
 
 national prosperity : that at his bidding, our only thought has been to 
 make bread of stones, turning everything to gain. Have we listened, 
 in our wicked longings after wider empire, to his false whisper. 'i 
 will give all these, to thee, if thou wilt worship mef 0 let us prove 
 it not so, by a vigorous, out-spoken, ^'Get thee hence Satan;" giving 
 up bread, power, pride of place, all things that are his gifts and the 
 reward of our service to him ; and then God will send us the minis- 
 tering angel of His peace. And the correction of these evils, that have 
 forged and sharpened this bitter sword, must be personal, must be 
 among ourselves. The outgrowths of this time, the leaders, the great 
 men in their own esteem, must slough off, in the healing of this deep 
 ulcer: and from the bottom, the heart, the depth, the nation, the 
 people, must come up the healthy growth of new, sound, living flesh. 
 The patched up peace of moneyed prosperity, gained by a bargain with 
 selfishness and sin, must be given up; and the sword of the Lord, in 
 its sharpest edge, be accepted and huiiged to our hearts instead. And 
 our Lenten work^ as individuals of this great nation, is to turn from 
 man, from sin, from self, '^unto the Lord, with fasting, and with weeping, 
 and with mourning;" while 'Uhe Priests, the ministers of the Lord," 
 under the very waving of this sword which Jesus sends, "weep between 
 the porch and the altar," beseeching Him, when it may he for our 
 peace, to stay His hand; and crying, with the full voiced antiphon of 
 your response ; " Spare thy people 0 Lord, and give not Thine heritage 
 to reproach." 
 
 In the darkness of the hour, the eyes of every human prophet fail 
 to catch the breaking of the day. But we may feel our way through 
 it, with groping hands, outstretched in prayer. It may be, that from 
 this generation^ so far gone backward from our fathers' virtues, the 
 kingdom is to be taken away, ''the crown" to "fall;" ^'for we have 
 sinned." But for the great hope of future days, for the fulfilment of 
 the promise of the past, we have sore need to confess, to plead, to 
 pray; for the triumph of law, the vindicafion of violated authority; 
 for victory, union, peace ; for President, Congress and our arms ; for 
 restored virtue, for public honour and morality, and a return to the fear 
 of God ; crying " unto the Lord in our trouble," that He will, — first 
 accomplish His work in us; — and then, in His own good time and way, 
 deliver us from our distress/' " making this storm to cease till the 
 waves thereof are still." 
 
13 
 
 APPENDIX A. 
 
 It is thought that the execution of the Sec. 2nd only of this first 
 law would give the city a yearly income of S500, at least. If it can 
 be proved a paying business; perhaps the law may be enforced. The 
 suggestion is commended to the Council Committee on "Ways and 
 Means.'' 
 
 "Be it ordained by the Inhabitants of the City of Burlington, in Common 
 Council assembled, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same. 
 
 Sec. 1. It shall not be lawful for any person, not having a License to keep 
 an Inn or Tavern, to sell or knowingly permit or cause to be sold by less mea- 
 sure than one quart any wine, rum, gin, brandy, cider, spirits, or other 
 ardent spirits, or any other liquids of which distilled spirits shall form a com- 
 ponent part, except such as are used or compounded for medicine, under penalty 
 of Ten Dollars, for every such offence, or imprisonment in the jail of said City, 
 for a term not exceeding ten days, at the discretion of the magistrate before 
 whom such complaint is made. 
 
 Sec. 2. That if any person or persons, possessing or occupying any house, 
 building, room, cellar or apartment of any kind within the limits of vurlington, 
 shall, on the Christian Sabbath, or first day of the week, called Suaday, sell, 
 permit, or cause to be sold tnerein any oysters, soup or refreshments of any 
 kind, or beer, ale, cider, porter, or liquor of any kind, mixed or unmixed, or 
 shall keep open any establishment for the sale of such articles, or shall permit 
 any number of persons other than his, her or their own family to come together 
 therein, and to remain drinking, tippling or misbehaving themselves, he, she, 
 or they shall forfeit and pay the sum of Five Dollars for every such offence, to 
 be recovered before the Mayor or any one of the Aldermen of this City." 
 
 An Ordinance relating to the Keepers of Oyster Saloons in the City of Burlington. 
 
 Sec. 2. That no License shall be granted to any person or persons for such 
 purpose aforesaid, unless the Common Council shall be clearly of opinion that 
 the grant of such license is necessarv to accommodate the public ; and that the 
 person or persons applying for the same is and are reputable for honesty and 
 temperance. 
 
 Sec. 4. That the applications for License shall be made to the Common 
 
■ "WW' n V y '■'^ 
 
 Council at least two weeks previous to the time when the same shall be granted, 
 * * and a certificate thereunto annexed, signed by at least ten respect- 
 able citizens and freeholders of the city, setting forth that such Oyster Saloon 
 is necessary for the accommodation of the public, and that such person or per- 
 sons is and are of good repute for honesty and temperance. 
 
 Sec. 5 That all such Licenses shall be * * * subject to be revoked by 
 Common Council, by resolution, at any time, for a violation or neglect of any 
 of the provisions of this or any other Ordinance which the Common Council 
 shall or may pass, relative to the same. 
 
 Sec. 8. That no person or persons so licensed shall suffer any drunkenness, 
 riot or other disorderly conduct in his, her or their place of business, or on his, 
 her or their premises, under the penalty of Ten Dollars for the first violation 
 hereof, and Twenty Dollars for each and every subsequent violation. 
 
 Sec. 9. That no person or persons so Licensed as aforesaid, shall incite, 
 promote, encourage, permit or allow, or engage in any game of address or 
 hazard * or any betting or gaming for money, or any other thing of 
 
 value whatsoever, under the penalty of Ten Dollars for the first violation, and 
 Thirty Dollars for every subsequent violation, his License shall forthwith be 
 void, and such person or persons so convicted shall be incapable of being again 
 licensed in like manner for two years thereafter. 
 
 APPENDIX B 
 
 A Supplement to an Act entitled "An Act for suppressing Vice and Immorality." 
 Approved April 15th, 1846. Approved March 16, 1854 
 
 Sec. 1. No transportation of freight ; excepting milk, on any public highway, 
 railroad, or canal, shall be done or allowed by any person or persons within 
 this State, on the first day of the week, commonly called the Christian 
 Sabbath : Provided, That nothing in this Act contained shall be construed so 
 as to prevent the transportation of the United States mail by railroad or on 
 the public highways, or to the regular trips of ferry boats within the State or 
 between this and another State. . 
 
 Sec. 4. Every Justice of the Peace in this State is hereby empowered and 
 required, upon his personal knowledge or view, or other due information of 
 any canal boat or railroad car, transporting freight through any part of this 
 State as aforesaid, he shall be authorized and required to stop and detain the 
 same, or order the same to be stopped and detained, at the cost and expense 
 of the proprietor or proprietors of such canal boat or railroad car, until the 
 following day, and then to be dealt with as hereinbefore is directed.