DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FRANK BAKER COLLECTION OF WESLEYANA AND BRITISH METHODISM A\ew ScAccuraieJkClPof the COUNTRIES Thirty Miles HelX!) LO^DON,Dr,i\«i from lute SURVEYS. THE AMBULATOR; OR, THE Stranger's Companion I N A TOUR ROUND LONDON; Within the Circuit of Twenty- five Miles . DESCRIBING Whatever is remarkable, either for Grandeur, Elegancy, Ufe, or Curioliry ; AND COMPREHENDING Catalogues of the Pictures by eminent Artifls, To which is prefixed, A CONCISE DESCRIPTION OF London, Southward and Weftminfter, SHEWING THEIR ANTIQUITY, REMARKABLE BUILDINGS, EXTENT, feV. &c. &c. Not only of Ufe to Strangers, but the Inhabitants of this Capital* ColUcledby a Gentleman for his private Amufement, The Second Edition, corrected and enlarged. LONDON: Printed for J. BEW, in Pater- Nefter-Rowp i;8a. £" THE H\l^. a.1 PREFACE.' TH E favourable reception which the fir ft edition of the following work has met with, having made a republication of it necefiary ; the Editor has. very attentively revifed it, in order to make it more woithy of the public attention. Complete accuracy is more difficult of attainment in works of this kind than any other. The great variety^ of materials, the continual flux of property, the changes arifing from natural events, prevailing fathion, and hu- man caprice, will ever prevent a collection of this na- ture from being free from defects : even while the pen of the writer is eager in defcription, — fire may have to- tally deftroved, or fancy be bufily engaged in altering, the object of it. Bcfides, he who poflefled it to-day, may not poffefs it to-morrow ; and, in the environs of the capital, thefe fucceffions, from various caufes, are oftentimes fo tranfient, that the proprietor may be faid to change with the feafon. But where accuracy cannot be attained, it muft not be expected ; and corifiderable utility may be preferved, though defcription may be fometimes unavoidably erro- neous. However, in this edition great care has been taken to correct the errors of the former, to difcover whatever change or alteration has lately taken place, and to give the whole, as far as poflible, the corrcdUnis of the. time when it was committed to the prefs. The great object of the Compiler has been to give charactaittic marks, rather than particular defcriptions, of whatever is contained in the compafs of his "obfer- vations ; —as the former will be fufficientto give general ideas and direct the attention, while the latter would A 2 be ?f PREFACE. he too cTiffufe for the (mall compafs of this volume, the defign of which is to give to curiofity an intelligent guide, and not a final gratification. That this book will be a ufeful affiftant to every one who is led to the capital, whether by chance, by curiofity, or the engagements of buiinefs, no one will deny. The traveller from foreign countries will be enabled by this work to difcover what is worthy his attention around the capital 5 — the provincial vilitors of the metropolis will now have to blame themfelves alone, if they re- turn to their d-iftant country-feats without having vificed whatever its environs afford, that merits attention - 3 — nnd thefe whom the affairs of life have called to Lon- don, with the fame affiflance, will never be at a Ipfs how to employ, in the moft agreeable manner, the aieceffary intervals of leifure. But the information of this little volume is not con- fined to the ftranger : — it alfo offers its (hare of utility and entertainment to the inhabitants of the capital. — By its information, the man of talte will know where to turn his purfuits, — the man of pleafure will learn, from the fame fource, how to divcrfify his recreations ; while it will direct the perfon of inferior rank in his amufive cxcurfions, be an improving companion on his way, iind help to complete his knowledge of the environs or the city wherein he dwells, — to be ignorant of which would degrade any perfon who is placed above the la- borious occupations of life. This edition is alfo enriched with a large and correct map of the Circuit round Loudon which this volume is intended to defcrite. DESCRIP- DESCRIPTION O F London, JVeflm'mJler, &c. GEFFRY of Monmouth (who wrote about the year tij^, and bis followers, have afcribed the building of Trinov.tn - turn, or London, to theBiitons, and. represented it as a very Itronv.; and noble city before the fir ft arrival of jr.lins Caatfarin tins ifland .; but the many fabulous relations invented by that monk give us little reafon to believe his adertionsj efpecially if we conlidei. that Caflar, who gives us a very particular account of the mannei?„ buildings, towns, Sec. of the Britons, makes no mention of : ; , although his principal fcenes ofaelioa lay in its neighbourhood. Belides, Strabo and other hiftorians relate, that the ancient, unci vilized Biitons, were entirely ignorant of magnificence in rfieir buildings ; as their towns were only pieces of ground inclofed with the bodies of trees, in which they erected their habitations, con- filling of reeds and {ticks interwoven like hurdle . ami Tacitus informs us, that they lived difperfed, and were firft inltrudled in the art of building by Agricoia, about the year 8j. And, tho* the feat of war continued about the Thames, not the leaft notic? is then taken of fuch a city as London by the Rom^n hiftorian«, till after the expedition of the emperor Claudius. This Emptroi , having finimed his expedition in fifteen days, returned to Rome, leaving Plautius to complete his corqutfts. Plautius wa? {V ceeded in the proproetorlhip by Giforius Scapula, who, to fecu> e the territories of the Romans and their allies from the invafions *f their neighbours, fettled feveral colonies about the year 49, of which London, tho' not particularly mentioned, was probably one, That London was a Roman city may be inferred from Tacitus, the firft hiltorian who takes notice of it, by the appellation of Londinium. He informs us, that Suetonius, the Roman General, finding London not tenable, abandoned it to the Britons who had revolted under Boadicea, Queen of the Jceni. They, baring pil- laged it, put all to the fword, without diftinction of age or lex, and then burnt it. This happened but a few years from its foun- dation. Had London belonged to the Britons, it may reafonably be fuppofed, that, at this juncture, its inhabitants would have join- ed their countrymen under Boadicea, as they might have done it without dan^rr, ths Roman army being at the beginning. A 3, vi DESCRIPTION of LONDON, kc. of the infurre6iion abfent in North Wales, and employed in the conquer! of the ifland of Mona, or Anglefey : but, on the con- trary, we find them adhering to the Romans, then in diftrefs, and therefore they were deftroyed by the Britons \ as were the people of Camalodunum and Verulam, two other Roman colo- nics ; near 70,000 perfons being maflacred in the three placts. Of thefe one half may beluppofed to belong to London, fince the fame author informs us, that even at this time London was ce- lebrated for the number of its merchants, and the plenty of its merchandize*. Nor will it appear improbable, that this city, fo happily fituated, mould in fuch a fhort time become fo populous, when we reflect upon the method ufed by the Romans in iettling colonies ; for tluy brought many of their own citizens, for whom they erected houfes, and, by endowing the place with ample piivileges and immunities, encouraged the natives and confederate foreigners to refort to it. Dr. Gale and Mr. Salmon, upon the authority of Ptolemy, are of opinion, that London was fiift erected on the fouth fide of the Thames : but Ptolemy has been found frequently erro- neous in his filiations of places ; and, without troubling our readers with the arguments advanced by thefe gentlemen to fupport their opinion, which feem not very fufficitnt, we /hall only obferve, that, before the river was confined by artificial banks, St. George's- fields, and the adjacent marfny grounds, were probably overflowed at lealf. every ipring- tide 3 and therefore *he unwholeforne vapours, which mure be the confequence of thefe inundations, rendered fuch a fituation very improper, efpe- cially when one appeared much more advantageous on the op- pofite fide. Befules, the courfe of the Roman military way, called Wat- ling-ftreet, will demoriftrate that London never flood in St. George's fields. This ftreet, according to the ancient Britifh Itinerary, led from Port Ritupis, now engulphed by the fea, near Sandwich in Kent, through Durovernum and other places to London. Higden, who imagined with Ptolemy, that London was fituated on the fouth fide of the Thames, placed the Roman traje&us, or ferry, at Lambeth, and made the way pafs on the well of Weft minder, which was undoubtedly the direct and na- tural way for the Romans to follow in fuch a fituation : but no vef- tigia, or remains, can be fhewn, nor reafuns given, to fupport this allertion $ the raifed way and work at the ducking- pond in St. George's Fields, pointing to the horfe ferry, which fume mo- dern antiquaries have mentioned for this purpofe, being only a bulwark, raifed in the civil wars, by order of Parliament, in j 643, for the fecurity of Southwark and the parts adjacent. On the contrary, feveral parts of Watling- ftreet were discovered at digging DESCRIPTION of LONDON, Sec. vis digging the foundation of the fteeple of Bow Church in Cheap- fide, at Holborn Bridge, and at the end of Breaditrett in Cheap- fide j befides, oppofite to Dowgate is Stan or Stoney ftreet, in Southwark, probably Co named by the Saxons, as being part of this military way. Thefe circumttancts, therefore, ceitainly prove that the ferry was at London, and not at Weil mi niter. In the neighbouihood of Dowgate, where the feny interfered the Thames, was erected the Milliarium of the Romans (now- called London Stone, in Cannon- ftreet), from which they mea- fured their diltances to their feveral ftations in Britain. Here cen- tered five Roman military ways; the Watling-ltieet, from the fouth-eaft and north- weft ; the Ermine ftreet, from the fouth-welfc and north ; and a neighbouring way from Old ford byBethnal- Green : the fir ft entered the city at Dowgate, and probably palli.il through Newgate ; this was accompanied by the lecond, which alio entered at Dowgate, and probably patted through Cripplegate $ the fifth way led through Aldgate by Beihnal-Green to the ferry at Oldford. It Teems not eafy, at this diftance of time, to afcertain where the fit it buildings in London were ereclcd ; but, after the dreadful conflagration in 1666, fome labourers, in digging the foundation* in Scots-yard, in Bufh-lane, Cannon-ftreet, about the depth of twenty feet, difcovered a tefiellated pavement, with the remains of a large building, or hall j the pavement was fuppofed to have be- longed to the Roman Governor's palace, and the hall to have been the court of juftice. This ftrucluie was of very great antiquity, atui Items to have been built dole to the river; for without the fouth wall were four holes in the ground full of wood coals, ii* which were fuppofed originally to have been piles, for the defence or the wall. The ground on which this edifice ftood was very low, and the earth on which the pavement lay, artificial, and confidera- biy railVd with rubbifli. It may probably be conjectured, that this fabric was deftroyed in the great conflagration railed by Boadicea ; and, as it was fituated near the ferry, it may be fup- pofed to have ftood among the fit ft buildings erected in London. The original name, mentioned by Tacitus, of this city, is Londinium, which in time yielded to the more honourable deno- mination of Augufta. Various conjectures have been formed about the reafon of this tranfition 5 but the molt probable is, that it was fo named by the Romans, becanfe it was the capital of their Britifh dominions, it being ufual with them to dignify the principal cities of their empire with the title of Augufta,. Tie Saxons mention it by the names of London- Byiig, Luodeh Burg, and the like ; and fince the Cor.queft it appear?, by records, to have been denominated Londonia, Lundonia, or Lundine, but tor many age^ paft only London. A 4 Many viii DESCRIPTION of LONDON, &c. Many etymologies have been given of the word London, of which we /hall only mention fome of the moft remarkable. Som- ber derives it from llawn, full, and dyn, a man, fignifying a po- pulous place; and Camden, from lhong, a (hip, and dinas a town, that is, a city of (hips : but both thefe names feem improper at its foundation, and therefore, with more probability, Lor.don has been derived from the ancient name Londinium, which is, perhaps, entirely Latin, and its etymology cannot eafily be difcovered. It is a city and county of itlelf, in Middlefex ; the fee of a Bifhop; and the capital of Great-Britain, and of all the Brit; fh dominions. It is the royal refidence, and is fituated moftly on the north bank of the river Thames ; part of it, namely, the bo- rough of Southwark, a dependency of the city of London, being in Surry, and on the fouth bank of the fa id river. Within the city-walls and its ancient bars and gates, it takes in but a narrow compafs : but if, in the general acceptation of London, we take in all that vaft mafs of buildings, reaching from Blackball in the eaft to Tothill- fields in the weft, from London- bridge or river fouth to Iflington north, an« from Peterborough- houie on the Bank- fide at Weftminfter to Portland- place and Marybone ; and all the new buildings to Knightfbridge one way, and to Paddington another} a prodigy all this of fuch buildings as nothing in the world does or ever did furpafs, except it was old Rome in Tra- jan's time, when the walls of that city were faid to be fifty miles in circuit, and the number of its inhabitants 6,800,000. The figure of London is very irregular, being ftretched out in buildings at the pleafure of every undertaker, for ccuveniency of trade, or otherwife; whereas Rome was round, with very few ir- regularities. Its form, however, including the city of Weftminfter and borough of Southwaik, is nearly oblong, being about five miles in length from weft to eaft, if meafured in a direct line from Hvde-park- corner to the end of Liqnehoufe, and upwards of fix, if the ftreets befollowed ; or, from Limehoufe to the end of Tothill ftreet in WeftminfteP, feven miles and a half. London, in- cluding the buildings on both fides the water, is in fome places three miles broad from fouth to north, as from St. George's in Souih- ■wark to Shoreditch in Middlefex j or two miles and a half, as from Peterborough- houfe to Bedford- fquare ; and in fome places not half a mile, as in Wapping, and lefs in Rotherhithe. Several villages, formerly (landing at a great diftance, are now joined to the ftreets by continued buildings j and more are making hafte to meet in like manner, as at Deptford, Iflington, Mile-end, and Newington Butts in Surry. But the acl of Parliament obtained by the city of London in the feftion of 1760, for widening its palTages, pulling down its crowded gates, and laying if more open in many places, will probably put a flop to the rapid progrefs of build- DESCRIPTION of LONDON, tic. &c buildings in the extreme parts of the town j fince the city is now as healthy to live in as any of the out- fkirts, and equally com- modious ; and is not (o liable to fuch dreadful conflagrations as formerly happened from loo much crowded buildings. Btlides, Weftminiter is in a fair way to join hands with Chel- fca, as St. Giles's hath done with Marybone, and Great Ruffel- ftreet with Bedford- fquare. The circuit of this large mafs, as taken collectively, as confifting of the cities of London and Weft- minfter, and by actual admeafuremcnt in ftraight lines, may on the Middlefex and Southwark fides amount to upwards of thirty- fix miles, exclufive of Greenwich, Chelfea, Knighlfbridge, and Kenlington. The number of inhabitants have been variously guefTed at. Maitland in 1739 computes, that within the walls and bars of the city are 725,903 j but Sir William Petty, in his laft com- putation, fuppofed it to contain a million, though in this he takes; in a greater compafs than Maitland 1 and in the large circuit above-mentioned, fays the author of the Tour, it may be reafon-, ably concluded there are about 1,500,000 fouls. This city is under excellent regulations, particularly with re* gard to beggars, lights, pavements, &c. It is governed by a Lord- Mayor, twenty five Aldermen, two Sheriffs, the Recorder, and Common Council ; their jurisdiction being confined to the city and its liberties, as alfo to Southwark. They are c vifei vators of the river Thames, from Stsrus- bridge in Surry and Middlefex, to the river Medway in Kent, and fome fay up to Rochdter- bridge. The government of ' the out parts is by jufiices and the ShciifTs of London, who are likewife Sheriffs of Middltftx. The city riles gradually from the Thames bank, and Hands on a gentle eminence: but the fouth eaft and fouth weft parts of the town, particularly that part on the fouth fide of the riv r, (land low, and at fpring- tides are fubject to inundations, which have fomctimes happened at Weftminfter-hall. The ftreets are generally leve^ and the principal ones open, and extremely well-built ; the houfcs. being generally of brick, and extending a confiderable length* Thefe are chiefly inhabited by tradefmen, whofe houfes and fhops make a much better appearance than commonly thofe do in any other city in Europe. Perfons of rank commonly refute in large elegant fquares, fomc few houfes- in which are of hewn (rone, or plaifter in imitation of it, and generally make a grand appear- ance. Of thefe are great numbers at the weft end of the town, as alfo at St. James's palace, which, with other particulars, will more properly come under the di virion of Wfstminst e;i . What adds moft to the affluence and fplendor of this great ciiv, , is its commodious port, though near forty miles from the mam A 5 &*> x DESCRIPTION of LONDON, &c. fea, whither many thoufand fhips of burthen annually refort from all parts of the worlci ; and thofe of moderate bulk can come as far as London-bridge, while l?rge barges and welt- country boats can go thrrugh bridge, and a great diftance up the Thames, carrying goods of all kincs to and from the metropolis. London is reckoned to have two thirds of the whole trade in England. The (trength of this city, having no fort of fortifica- tions, unlefs we reckon the Tower of London as its citadel, con- filts in the number of its inhabitants, who are commonly com- puted to be one feventh of all the people in England, and one- tighth of the whole in Great Britain. Here is one cathedral, two collegiate churches, three choirs of mufic, one hundred 2nd forty- fix pariih.es, feventy-four chapels for the eftablimed church, two churches at Deptford, twenty-eight foreign churches, befides ,diflenters meeting- houfes of all perfuafions, nearly equal to the number of eftablifhed churches; feveral Popiih chapels, three Jewifh fynagogues, thirteen hofpitals, befides a very large and magnificent one for all foundlings and expofed children, fronting the end of Lamb's- Conduit ftreet j three colleges, twenty - feven public prifons, eight public feminaries or free-fchools, one hundred and thirty-one charity-fchools in London and Weft- minfter, and ten miles round 5 fifteen markets for flefh, two for live cattle, two herb market;-, twenty-three other markets, fif- teen inns t# court or chancery for the Itudy of the law, four fairs, twenty feven fquares, befides thofe within any fingle build- ing, as the Temple, Somerlet-houfe, &c. three public bridges, in- cluding the very (lately one at Werrminfter, and that built at Black-friars; a town-houfe at Guildhall, a Royal Exchange, a Cuftom-houfe, three artillery-grounds, four peft-houfes, two bt- mops palaces, namely, London and Ely j and three royal pa- laces, St. James's, Somerfct, and, the raoft elegant of all, that part that remains unburnt of Whitehall. The ufual firing in this city, wood being farce and dear, and that moftly ufed by the bakers, is pit-coal, brought from New- caftle upon Tyne, and the bifhopric of Durham, with fome Scotch coals; of all which, at leaft, 600,000 chaldrons, or 21,600,000 bufnels, are annually confumed ; whence the town appears always at a diftance fhrowdtd in fmoke. The town is well fupplied with water from the Thames, the New iliver brought from Ware in Hertfordfhire, and from Chel- fea. London annually confumes above 700,000 flieep and lambs, and 100,000 head of cattle, befides a vaft number of hogs, pigs, poultry of all kinds, &c. &c. In the ftreets ply daily about 1000 hackney coaches, befides a great number of fedan chairs. The penny -poit, for carrying letters, or fmall paper parcels, within the DESCRIPTION of LONDON, kc. xl *he hills of mortility, or ten miles round London every way, is a great conveniency. The public places for amufeiaent are numerous: in fummer, Ranelagh and Vauxhallj alio St. James's and Hyde narks, with a great variety of others of lefs note; and in winter are plays, operas, mafquerades, balls, concerts, &c. London confifts of 72 companies, each of which has a mader and wardens, or atfiftants, annually chofen. The city is divided into 26 wards, and over each prehdes an alderman, who has his deputy : and out of the court of aldermen is annually chofen a lord-mayor, who refutes, during his mayoralty, in an elegant and fpacious ftruclure, fimfhed in 1751, and called the Manfion- houfe ; but not having yet a fufRcient opening round if, great part of its beauty is loll to the eye. London fends 4 members to parliament. It formerly was walled round, and had 7 gates by landj namely, Ludgate, Aldgate, Crip- plegate, Newgate, Alderfgate, Moorgate, and Bifhopfgate, all which were taken down in Sept. 1760, except Newgate; and this hath alfo been fince taken down, and a fpacious new jail hath been built at an immenfe expence. But in June, 1780, a defperate mob, excited, as they pretended, by apprehenfions for the fafety of the proteltam religion, bioke open this jail to refcue fome of their comrades who had been committed; they let out all the felons, and afterwards burned the jail. It is now re-building and re- pairing. Adjoining to this noble building is an elegant fefiions- houfe, lately builr, in which the feffioni for the city and county- are held eight times a year, Thje old feiTions-houfe, as well as the old jail, are entirely taken down, together with a number of houfts oppollte to them in ;he Old Bailey, and the ftrcet is thereby- rendered very commodious, open, and airy. — On the water fi.ie there were Dowgate and Billingfgate, long finre demolished, as well as the pofrern gate near the Tower, and the gre.Tteft part of the walls. In the year 1670 there wasa gate erecled, called Temple-Bar, which determines the bounds of the city weftward. This city has undergone great calamities of various kinds 1 but" the two laft were moft remarkable; that is, the pbgue in 1665, which fwept away 68,596 perfons, and the fire in 1666, which burnt down 13,200 dweliing-houfes : in memory of thi-> laft there is an obelifk erected, called the Monument, near the place where it began, which is one of the moft remarkable ftruclures in the city. The Tower of London is very ancient, but the founder is uncertain ; however, it is faid William the Conqn-ror built that part of it called the White Tower : it is furrounded by a wall, and partly by a deep ditch, which inclofe fever?- ftreets, befidts the Tower, properly fo called : this contains the great artillery, a aiagasine of fmall arms for 60,000 mtn, and the large horfe-at - A 6 awinry, xii DESCRIPTION of LONDON, &c. inoury, among which are the figures of 15 Kings on horftback. Here are the jewels and ornaments of the crown, as well as the other regalia j the mint for coining of money ; and the menagerie for ftrange birds and beafts. The circumference of the whole is accounted about a mile. There is one parinY church. It is un- der the command cf a conftable and lieutenant. In Thames- ftreef, rear the Tower, is the Cuftcm houfe, which is a large ftatdy itruiSture, where the King's cuficms are received for all goods im- ported and exported j and oppofite thereto, as well as a great way down the river, there is a delightful profpect of a grove of /hips, laden with commodities of various kinds. London- bridge is a little f&rther to the weft, formerly greatly admired for having fine houfes on each fide ; but they have been taken down to render the pafTage more airy and commodious : the middle arch is now widened, and the whole bridge made beau- tiful j and the Gone gate houfe, which commanded the pa flag e into London from Surry and Kent, built near the entrance of the bridge, is alfo taken down. Grefham-college, in Bimopfgate- ward, has been taken down j and the Excife- office removed there to an elegant building erected for that purpofe 3 and apartments are fitted up over the Exchange for the Gremam committee, where there are profefTors, with falaries, appointed to read lectures in the different faculties : it formerly had a fine library, and was the mufeum of the Royal Society. — The Bank of England began to be erected in 1732 5 and in 1735, aDout a y ear after it was finifhed, a marble- ftatue of William III. was let up in the hall } to which building there has been confiderable additions fince. —The Royal Exchange, in Cornhill, is generally allowed to be the fineft ftruflure of the kind in the world. It was firft built by Sr Thomas Grefbam in the years 1566 and 15675 but being burnt down in i666_ it was rebuilt in a nobler manner, with Portland- ftone: it was finifhed in 1669, and coft 66>oool. The quadrangle within is 144 feet long, and 117 broad j and there are piazzas on the outride of the walls, and over them are 24 niches, 18 of which are filled with the ftatues of the Kings and Queens of England. In the middle of the area is the ftatue of Charles II. in a Roman habit. The tower and turret of the lantern is 178 feet high. — In the place where Stocks-market was held is the Man fion- houfe for the lord-mayor to refide in j the firft ftone of which was laid in Oct. 1739 : it is a noble and mag- nificent fVructure, but too heavy and too large for the ufe for which it was defigned. — Bow church is admired for the beauty of its fteeple j and that of Walbrook, behind the Manfion-houfe, for its curious architecture. — Guildhall, in Cheapfide, is the town- houfe of the city, and the great hall is 153 feet long, 50 broad, and 5S high, and will hold near 7000 people. Befides the two giants, DESCRIPTION cf LONDON, &c. xni giants, it is embellifhed with the piolures of Edward the Con- feflbr, King William, Queen Mary, Queen Anne, George I. and II. and Queen Caroline, and of his prtfent Majefty, and his Queen. — Blackwell-hall, in Baffifhaw ward, is famous for being the greateft mart for woollen cloth in the world — Sion college itands by London-wall, and has a library appropriated to the ufe of the London clergy 5 and under it there is an alms-houfe, confifting of ten poor men and as many women, each of whom are allowed fix pounds a year — The general Poft-ofHce, in Lom- bard llreet, is a large commodious place. — Bedlam, in Moor- fields, is a fpacious mad-houfe, and handfome building; the two figures at the entrance, in allufion to the unhappy objects con- fined in this place, and done by Mr. Kyber, a German, and father of the late Colley Cibber, poet-Iaureat, are very well worth feeing. — St. Bride's, near Fleet-ditch, has an elegant iteeple. St. Paul's cathedral is allowed to be the fined Proteftant church in the world. The model of it was defigned by Sir Chriftopher Wren, and the building was begun and finifhed by him. The expence amounted to 736,75x1. 2 s. Dimenfions cf St. Peter's Churchy at Rome, and St. PauPi Cathedral, at London, compared. The PLAN, or LENGTH and BREADTH. Feet. St. Peter. St. Paul. Whole Length of the Church and Porch _ 729 5C0 Whole Length of the Crofs — — 5 TO 250 Breadth of the Front with the Turrets — . 3<>4 j8o Breadth of the Front without the Turrets — 318 I JO Breadth of the Church and three Naves — a <5 UO Breadth of the Church and wideft Chapels — 364 180 Length of the Porch within — _ 218 50 Breadth of the Porch within — — 40 20 Length of the Platea at the upper Steps — 391 100 Breadth of the Nave at the Door — _ 67 40 Breadth of the Nave at the third Pillar, andTr buna 73 40 Breadth of the Side-ailes — 29 J 7 D fiance between the Pillars of tre Nave — 44 *S Breadth of (he fame double Pillars at St. Pet fr's 29 Breadth of the fame fingle Pillars at St. Paul s 10 Two right Sides of the great Pilafters of the Ci ipola tf S : 7 l 25 :35 Diftance between the fame Pdafters — — 72 4-3 Outward Diameter of the Cupola — — 189 '45 Inward Diameter of the fame — — * — 13* ICO Breadth *b DESCRIPTION of LONDON, &c. LENGTH and BREADTH continued. Breadth of the Scuare by the Cupola — — Length of the fame ______ — From the Door within to the Cupola From the Cupola to the End of the Tribuna — Breadth of each of the Turrets — Outward Diamcer of the Lantern — Whole Space upon which one Pillar (lands — Whole Space upon which all the Pillars ftand Feet. St Peter. St. Paul. 43 3-8 3»J 167 190 170 77 36 5906 1 23625 35 18 875 7000 The HEIGHT. From the Ground without to the Top of the Crofs The Turrets as they were at St. Peter's and are at ~> St. Paul's — j To the Top of the higheft Statues on the Front The firft Pillars of the Corinthian Order — The Breadth of the fame — Their Bafis and Pedeftab ■■ — Their Capital — The Architrave, Frize, and Cornice — The Compofite Pillars at St. Paul's andTufcan"? 1 at St. Peter's J The Ornaments of the fame Pillars above and below TheTriangleof die Mezzo Relievo, with itsCornice Wide — — — — The Bafis of the Cupola to the Pedeftals of the Pillars The Pillars of the^Cupola — — Their Bafis and Pecleftals — — — Their Capitals, Architrave, Frize, and Cornice From the Cornice to the outward Slope of (he Cupola The Lantern from the Cupola to the Ball — The Ball in Diameter — — — The Crofs, with its Ornaments below — The Statues upon the Front, with their Pedeftals The outward Slope of the Cupola — — '. TheCupola and Lantern, from the Cornice of the ? Front to the Top of the Crofs — — £ The Height of. the Niches in the Front — Wide — — — The firft Windows in the Front — — Wide — — — — 289J I 75 74 9 19 10 19 Mi __| 9 Z 36i 3* 4 12 63 9 252 89 20 9 10 10 The Meafi res of St. Peter's Church are taken out of the authentic Dimenfions of the beft Architects of Romt, and compared upon the Place with the Italian and EnghJI; Meafures. DESCRIPTION of LONDON, &c. g? In Warwick-lane is the Phyficians-college, where two of the fellows meet twice in a week, to give medicines to the poor gra- tis : the ftructure is very fine, but it is in a manner hid. bur- geons-hall is in the Old-Bailey, and has beer, built in the mo- dern tafte, fince the furgeons company feparated from that of the barbers. Doctors- Commons is in the neighbourhood of St. Paul's, and is a fpackms, commodious Ihucture, with feveral handfome courts, where the judges of admiralty, court of dele- gates, court of arches, &c. meet. Near it is the heralds-college, to which belong three kings at arms, namely, Garter, Claren- cieux, and Norroy, with fix. heralds, four purfuivants, and eight proctors. It is a fpacious building, with convenient apart- ments, and a good library relating to hualdry ; and the coats of arms are kept here of all the fain. lies of note in England. Not far diftant is Black-Friars- bridge, a very noble piece of archi- tecture, and, from its centrical fituation, veiy commodious for the inhabitants of the city. Near Temple- bar are the Inner and Middle Temples, which are both inns of court for the ftudy of the law. The Temple church was founded at fir ft by the Knights Templars, in 1185 ; and it is now one of the more beautiful Go- thic Itruclures inEngland. There are i20ther inns of court, which it would be much too long to dwell upon. Fleet-prifon, newly built, is by Fleet-market j and Bridewell by Fleet-bridge, which is an hofpital for the inftruclion of youth, who are put out apprentices to matters of different trades who refide in the houle. It is alfo a houfe of correction for vagrants. St. Bartholomew's hofpital, near Srnithfieid, founded by Henry VIII. is for the Tick and lame. Near it is Chriit's- hofpital, founded by Edward VI. for the main- tenance and education of orphan children of poor citizens and others. Here is a grammar fchool, from whence the head fcho- lars are fent chiefly to Cambridge upon exhibitions ; alfo a mathe- matical fchool founded by Charles II. with a writing, drawing, and mufic fchool. SOUTHWARK, in Surry, being only parted from London, by its bridge, feems but a fuburb of that great city j yet it con- tains 6 parishes, and, for its extent, number of people, trade, wealth, hofpitals, a'ms-houfes, and charity fchools, &c. is in- ferior to few cities in England. It is mentioned in hiftory, in the year 1053, and was a diftinct corporation, governed by its own bailiff, till 1.327, when a grant was made of it to the city of London, whole mayor was to be its bailiff, and to govern it by his deputy. Sometime after this, the inhabitants recovered their former privileges j but in the reign of Edward VT. the crown granted it to the city of London for 6+7 I. 2 s. 1 d. and, in con- sideration of a farther fum of 500 marks paid to the crown by the xvi DESCRIPTION cf LONDON, &c. the city, it was annexed to the faid city ; and by virtue of the faid grant continues lubjtcT: to its lord mayor, who has under him a Reward and bailiff} and it is governed by one of its 26 al- dermen, by the name of BriJge-Wnbout '. The military govern- ment is by the lord-lieutenant of the county and 11 deputy- lieu- tenants, who have under them a regiment of 6 companies, cf 150 men each. Its maikets are on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fri- days, and all plentifully furnifhed with all manner of provifions. It is divided into two parts, viz. the Borough Liberty, and the Clink or Manor of Southwark. The flrft belongs to the jurif- di&ion of the lord-mayor of London, who by his ltevvard holds a court of record every Monday at St. Margaret's Hill, for all debts, damages, and trefpaffes, within his limits ; to which court belong three attornies, who are admitted by his fteward. There are alfo three court-leets held in the Borough, for its three manors, viz. the Great Liberty, the Guild-hall, and the King's manor, where- in, befides the other bufinefs ufual at fuch courts, are chofen the conftables, ale-conners, and flefh-tafters. The Clink is under the jurifdiclion of the Biihop of Winchefter, who, befides a court-leef, keeps a court of record (on the Bank-fide, near St. Saviour's church), by his iteward and bailiff, for pleas of debt, damages, and trefpaffes. There is a compter for the imprifonment of offenders in the bailiwic, and another for the Clink Liberty. Befides thefe, there is the Marfhalfea- prifon, which is the county-gaol for felons, and the admiralty- gaol for pirates. Here is a court, which was firrc erecled for the trial of caufes between the King's domeftic or me- nial fervants, of which the Knight- marihal is prefident, and his fteward judge j to whom belong four counsellors, and fix attor- nies ; and the court is held every Friday by him, or his deputy, for debt, damages, and trefpaffes, in caufes for 10 miles round Whitehall, excepting London. Here is alfo the King's-Bench prifon, the rules of which are of a confiderable extent, and the allowance fomewhat better than that of the common prifons 3 for which reafons many debtors remove themfelves hither by Habeas Corpus. It is properly a place of confinement in all cafes triable in the King's Bench court. In June, 1780, the eld prifon was burnt down by the riotous mob already m.ntioned ; but in ere6ling the prefent, the greateit precaution has been ufed to guard agatnlt fire in future. In Southwark was formerly that called Suf- folk-Houie, a palace built by the Duke of Suffolk, in the reign of Henry VIIJ. where was afterwards a mint for the coinage of money, which tonfiils of feveral ftreets, whofe inhabitants for- merly claimed a privilege of protection from arrefts for debt, which has fii.ee been fuppreffed by the legillature, who have paffed an ac"l for eflabJifliir.g a court of conference here, as well as is London, Weftminfter, and the Tower Hamlets, &c. for the betterr DESCRIPTION of LONDON, Sec. xvii better recovery of fmall debts. The Bifliops of Winchefter had formerly a palace here, with a park (the fame that is now called Southwark- park), which is fince converted into warehoufes and Unements, held by leafe from the bifliops of that fee. In the times of popery, here were no lefs than 18 houfes on the Bank- fide, licenfed by the Bifliops of Winchefter (under certain regu- lations confirmed by parliament), to keep whores, who were, therefore, commonly called Winchefter GeeCe. Here are two hofpitals, viz. St. Thomas's and Guy's, the nobleft endowments of the kind perhaps in England. We have not room for parti- cular-;, for which we mull refer to Mainland's Hiftory of London, Weflminlter, and Southwark ; yet muft obferve, that the founder of the latter W3S Thomas Guy, a bookfeller of London, but a native of Southwark, who, by printing and binding bibles, dis- counting failors tickets, and by South-Sea (lock, had amafted a vaft eftate ; out of which, at his death in 1724, he left about aoo,oool. to finifti and endow this hofpital; befides 150,0001. in other legacies and dillributions. Though it is faid to be for incurables, i. e. for fuch as are turned out of other hof- pitals for any ailments that are incurable (except lunacy), it is not foj for the founder, by his will, veiled his executors with a power of continuing the patients or difcharging them; and he ufexl to fay, he would not have his hofpital made an alms-houfe. Dr. Gibfon mentions a very particular grant here of St. Mary- Overy's church to the church- wardens for ever, with the tythes to provide two chaplains at their pleafure, who are neither prefented nor inducted ; wherein it differs from all other churches in Eng» land. In St. George's Fields, which have of late years been greatly improved, (lands the new Magdalen-houfe ; and in the centre of the crofs roads is a noble (lone obelifk, furrounded with lamps. WESTMINSTER, which has for fo many years been the feat of our Monarchs, of our law-tribunals, and of the high court of parliament; which boafts of a magnificent abbey, where mod of our Sovereigns have had their fceptres and fepulchres ; a hall, the moft fpacious in Europe, if not in the world, without one pillar to fupport it; of an illullrious (chool, which has produced men of the greateft learning, and the higheft rank, both in church and (late ; of a bridge, which, for its (Irength, elegance, and grandeur, has not its equal ; of noble fquares, and fine (Ireets of grand buildings, many of thern refembling palaces : a place of fo much note and dignity merits a much more ample defciiption than will be expected in this work; fo that we can only mention fome few particulars. In 154.1, Henry VIII. upon the furrender of William Benfon, the lad abbot, made it a fee of a bifhop, with a dean xviii DESCRIPTION cf LONDON, &c. a dean and 12 prebendaries, and appointed the whole county of Muidlef'ex (except Fulham, belonging to the bifhopric of Lon- don) for its diocefe. By this means Weflminfter became a city, as all towns do upon their being conftitnted the fees of bifhops ; and, according to Lord Chief-Juftice Coke, nothing elfe is re- quired to nuke them Aula : but, as Weftminfter never had more than one bifhop, viz. Thomas Thurlcby, becaufe this bifhopric was foon after diflblved by Edward VI. it could no longer be properly called a city, though by the public complaifance it has retained that name ever fince ; but in a&s of pailiament it is ftiled the city or borough of Weftminfler. As for the government of Weftminfter, it was before the Re- formation fubjeel, both in fpirituals and temporals, to its lordly abbots} but by acl of parliament, the 27th of Queen Elizabeth, it is now governed by a high-fteward, an officer of great (rate and dignity, and commonly one of the prime nobility, chofen by the dean and chapter for life; an under- Reward, who likewife holds that honourable office for life; a high-bailiff, nam^d by the dean and chapter, and confirmed by the high fteward, for 3 years ; it has alio 16 burgeffes and as many affittants, and a high-con - ftable, chofen by the burgeffes at the court- leet, which is held by the high-fteward or his deputy. Out of the 16 burgeffes are chofen two chief burgeffes, viz. one for each of the two precinct?.. The dean and chapter are inverted with an ecclefiaftical and civil jmifdiclion, within the liberties of Weftminfter, St. Martin's le Grand, and fome towns in Effex, exempted both from the jurif- diclion of the bifliop of London and the archbifhop of Canterbury ; and from the fentence of the commlilary, in the cafe of probate of wills, &c. there is no appeal, but to the King in his high court of Chancery. The abbey is a truly venerable pile of building, in the Gothic tafie, where moft of our monarchs have been crowned and buried. It was founded before the year 850, but the prefent fabric was erected by Henry III. It is 489 feet in length, and 66 in breadth at the weft end ; but the crofs aile is 189 feet broad, and the height of the middle roof 91 feet. At the eaft end is the chapel of Henry VII. which is fo curioufly wrought, that Leland calls it the miracle of the world. The fcreen or fence is intirely brafs, and within are the figures of Henry VII. and his Queen, of brafs gilt with gold : but the magnificent monuments in the abbey are l'o numerous, that it would require a volume to defcribe them. In the parifh of St. Martin is an old building, called St. James's Houfe, to which the court removed upon the burning of White- hall, in 1697 ; and it has continued to be the refidence of ou-r Kings ever fince. An hofpital, founded by the citizens of London before the Conqueft, for 14 leprous maids, formerly ftood en DESCRIPTION cf LONDON, &c. xix on this fpot ; and from this hofpital the palace, which was burlc by King Henry VIII. foon after the general DiiTolution, derived its name. It is an irregular building, of a mean appearance from without, but it contains many beautiful and magnificent apart- ments. The chapel of the hofpital was convened to the ufe of the royal family, as it remains to this day, and is a royal pecu- liar exempted from all epifcopal jurifdiclion. The fervice of the cnapcl is like that in cathedrals ; and for that end tiiere belongs to it a dean, a lord-almoner, a fub-dean, forty eight chaplains, who preach in their turns b fore the royal family, twelve gentle- men of the chapel, two organifts, ten children, a feijeant, a yeo- man, a groom of the veftry, and a bell ringer. When this palace was built, it abutted in the fouth-weft upon an uncultivated i'wampy trail of ground, which the King incloied, and converted into a park, called from the palace St. James's -Park : he alfo laid it out into walks, and collected the water into one body. It was afterwards much enlarged and improved by Charles II. who planted it with lime-trees, and formed a beautiful villa, near half a mile in length, called the Mall, from its being adapt- ed to a play at bowls fo called. This park, which is near a mile and a half in circumference, and furrounded with magnificent flruclures, is conftantly open, and ufed as a thoroughfare by all foits of people. At the eaft end is a fpacrous parade, for the ex- ercife of the horfe and foot guards. On the Weft fide of St. James's Paik, fronting the Mall and grand canal, Hands the Queen's Palace. It was originilly known, by the name of Arlington houfe ; but being purchafed by the Jate Duke of Buckingham's father, who rebuilt it in 1703, from the ground, with brick and ftone, it was called Buckinghain- houfe till the year 1762, when his prefent Majefty bought it; and it began to be called the Queen's Palace, from the particular pleafure the Queen expreffed in the retirement of this houfe. It is in every refpect a fine building, and not only commands a prof- pefl of St. James's Park in front, but has a park lately much, enlarged, and a canal belonging to itfelf, behind it, together with a good garden, and a fine terrace, from whence, as well as from the apartments, there is a profpect of the adjacent country. It has a fpacious court- yard, incloied with iron rails, fronting St. James's Park, with offices on each fide, feparated from the man- fion-houfe by two wings of bending piazzas, and arched galleries, elevated on pillars of the Tufcan, Doric, and Ionic orders. Each front of this houfe has two ranges of pilafters, of the Corinthian and Tufcan orders. A new library has been added to this palace, filled with the beft authors in various languages. Here is alfo a fine col- lection of prints $ and the whole ftruclure is adorned with a great variety *x DESCRIPTION of LONDON, &c. X'ariety of pictures by the mod eminent matters. Among them are the famous cartoons by Raphael, removed from Hampton Court; which are (even pieces of facred hiftory, taken from the NewTeftament, and originally defigned as patterns for tapeftry. They are painted on paper (whence they derive their name), with great delicacy and beauty, in water colours ; the figures as- large as life. Thefiift is the miraculous draught of fifties, in which Chriit appears in the boat with an air of divine gentleneis. A very ingenious modern author, whofe words we mall chiefly follow in the defcription of thefe admirable pieces, obferves, that the exotic birds, the magnificent large fowl plpced on the more in the fore-ground, have a lea wildnefs in them, and, as their food was fifh, contribute to exprefs the bufinefs in hand., which is- flfliing; and being thus placed on the more, prevents the heavi- nefs which that part would otherwise have had, by breaking the parallel lines that would have been made by the boat and the bafe of the picture. However, in this cartoon Raphael has made a boat too little to hold the figures he has placed in it; but had he made it large enough for thofe figures, the picture would have been all boat j and to have made his figures final] enough for a, vtfttl of that fize, would have rendered them unfuitable to the red of the fet, and lefs confiderable : there would have been too much boat, and too little figure. The fecond, which is the delivery of the keys, has received fome injury, and is not now what Raphael made it. As this is the appearance of our Saviour after the refurrection, prefent au- thority, late fuffering, humility and ma-jelly, defpotic command,, and divine love, are at once vifib'e in his celeftial afpect. He is wrapt only in one large piece of white drapery, his left arm ar.cL breaft are bare, and part of his legs naked ; which was undoubt- edly done to denote his appearing in his refurrection body, and not as before his crucifixion, when this drefs would have been alto- gether improper. The figures of the eleven apoftles all exprefs the fame pa/lion of admiration, but difcover it differently according to their characters. Peter receives his Mailer's orders on his knees, with an admiration mixed with a more particular attention ; the words ufed on that occafion are expreffed by our Saviour's pointing to a flock of ilieep, and St. Peter's having juft received two keys. The two next exprefs a more open extacy, though ftill con(tra ; ned by their awe of the divine prefence. The beloved difciple has in his countenance wonder drowned in love ; and the laft perfonage, whofe back is towards the prefence, one would fancy to be St. Thomas, whofe perplexed concern could not be better drawn, than by this acknowledgment of the difficulty to defcribe it The apoftle who Hands in profile immediately be- hind St. John, has a yellow garment with red fleeves, which conne&s- DESCRIPTION of LONDON, & c . xxi Connects the figure with St. Peter and St. John, whofe draperies are of the fame fpecies of colours; next is a loofe changeable drapery ; then another different yellow with fhadows bearing on purple ; all which produce wonderful harmony. The third is the miracle of healing the cripple at the Beautiful Gate of the Temple. All the figures are admirably performed j the boys are done with great judgment, and by being naked make a fine contraft. The figures are placed at one end near the cor- ner, which varies the fide of the picture, and gives an opportunity to enlarge the building with a fine portico, the like of which you mutt imagine muft be on the other fide of the main fhucture ; all which together make a noble piece of architecture. The fourth is the hiftory of the death of Ananias. Here is the greateft dignity in the apoftles 5 they are however only a fubordinate group, becaufe the principal action relates to the criminal j thither the eye is directed by almoft all the figures in the picture : what a honor and reverence is vifible in the whole afiembly on this mer- cenary man's falling down dead ! The fifth is Elyinas the forcerer (truck with blindnefs. His whole body from head to foot expreffes his being blind. How admirably are terror and aftonimnient expreffed in the people prefent, and how varionfly according to their feveral characters ! The Proconful has thefe fentiments, but as a Roman and a gen- tleman ; the reft in feveral degrees and manners- The lame fenti- ments appear in Ananias's death, together with thofe of joy and triumph, which naturally arife in good minds upon the fiof Antwerp Sjfii Baldelocbi. Cbe Pompeio. ialis. Ultc. /fi B L A A landfcape, with figures, dining-room 7 r , chimney-piece — ^Lambert* A _ landfcape, with figures, green dreff-?^. ing-room chimney-piece 5 JJUto* A landfcape, with figures, green bed- ") p chamber chimney-piece. J "•? Fruit and flowers, break fafl- room chim-7 p ney- piece — 5 J Pharaoh's daughter and Mofes Cbev. Vanderiverff. Meflage by the angels to the fhepherds Ditto. King Zeleucus giving his kingdom to hi fon .... — — Shepherds and Shepherdess dancing Hercules between Virtue and Vice Roman Charity — Jofeph and Potiphar's wife Mary Magdalen reading in a grotto Bathiheba bathing Our Saviour and Mary Magdalen Venus and Cupid — — — ■ Chevalier VanderwerfF, his wife, and? daughter . , J Adam and Eve and >]*} Ditto. Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto, Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Peter Vandernuerjjf'* and Stratonica — — Ditto. A landfcape, with many figures, a fai at Ghent . Ditto, with figures — — • Fruit and flowers — Ditto . — - _ Ditto — Ditto — — Ditto — — M 2jtSir D. Tenters, Ditto Van Hull fan. A view of Venice, over the faloon door Ditto, ditto --- __ Architecture, over the door in the gallery Ditto, ditto -.- The golden age — — The great church at Harlem — A landfcape, with figures — — Ditto . A poulterer's (hop — — A fifhmonger's fhop — — A water- piece ■ — A hunting-piece — — An Italian playing on the guitar — A landfcape, with figures and cattle — Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Harding aft. Canaleti, Ditto. Ditto after Panint. Ditto. Limburg. De Wilt. Velvet brugbeU Ditto. Od Meiris Ditto. Zagtlcven Berchem. Bronver. Wouuermans. A land- BOX 47 A landfcape, with figures and cattle — Wowvermans The holy family — — Scakben* Ditto — — Ditto. A woman with a torch — Ditto. A fchool matter — — Gerard Doive The offering of the kings — Polenburgh. Two fmall figures, Venus and Adonis Toung Meiris, A landfcape, with cattle — Edema A landfcape, with fowls and a dog — Craddoch. The houfe is at prefent inhabited by Lord Thurlow. On the eaft of the heath, clofe to Sir Gregory's park, is Morden college ; fira particular account whereof, fee the Ar- ticle Morden College. BLECHINGLY, a fmall parliamentary borough in Surry, faid to have enjoyed that privilege ever fince parliaments had a being, and yet it ha« no market. The Bailiff, who returns the members is annually chofen at the Lord of the Manor's court. The town, which is five miles from Rycgate, and twenty-one from London, being fituated on a hill, on the fide of Holmfdale, affords a fine profpecl as far as Suffex and the South Down? 5 and from fome of the ruins of the caftle, which are ftill vifible, though in the midft of a coppice, one may take a view to the weft into Hampfhire, and to the eaft: into Kent. The fpire of the church was con fumed by lightning, and all the bells melted, in the year 1606. The church is a handfome, venerable Gothic building, and near it is a charity- fchool for 20 boys, and an alms-houfe for 10 poor people. It has two fairs. BOTLEYS, near Chertfey, in Surry, a very elegant, new- built villa, belonging to Sir Jofeph Ma whey, leprelentaiive in the prefent parliament for that county. BOW, a village in Middlefex, a little to the eaft of Mile- End, alfo called Stratford le Bow, is named Bow, from the ftone arches of its bridge built over the river Lee by Maud the wife of Henry I. Its church, built by Henry II. was a chapel of eafe to Stepney* but was lately made parochial. This village is inhabited by nnny whitfters and fcarlet» dyers. It alfo had fome years ago a considerable manufactory of the porcelain ware, but it did not fucceed to the undertakers, and has long been at an end. Bow bridge, it has been faid, was built in the reign of King Alfred. His arms are carved on the centre (tone on the left hand from London. It is alfo faid to be the firft ftone bridge built in England. BOXHILL, near Dai king, in Surry, received its name from the box- trees planted on the fouth fide of it, by the Earl 4$ B R E Earl of Arundel, in the reign of King Charles I. but the north part is covered with yews. Thefe groves are inter- fperfed with a number of little green fpots and agreeable walks. The view from the higheft part of this hill, in a clear day, is very extenfive, commanding a beautiful profpecl, eaft and fouth, over part of the counties of Kent and Surry, and the whole county of SuiTex, quite to the South Downs, near the fea, at the diftance of about thirty fix miles. The weft and north views overlook a large part of Surry and Middlefex ; and as you advance to the place called the Quarry, upon the ridge of the hill that runs towards Mickleham, the fublime and beautiful both join in forming a moft grand and delightful fcene. You here look down, from a vaft and almoft perpendicular height, upon a well-cultivated vale, laid out in beautiful inclofures, and fee the river Mole winding along clofe to the bottom of the mountain, as if it were direclly under your feet, though it is at a great diftance. BOXMOOR HALL, pleafantly fituated on the weft fide of Boxmoor, between Beikhamftead and Hernel Hempftead, in Hert- fordshire, twenty-three miles from London; lately built by Mr. Almon, of London, for his own refidence. BRENTFORD, a town in Middlefex, 7 miles from Lon- dom. Its church was built in the reign of Richard I. and the town has its name from the Brent-Brook, which rifes about Finchley common, and paffes through the weft part of the town into the Thames. As it is a great thoroughfare to the weft, it has a confiderable trade, particularly in corn, both by land and the Thames. The church and maiket- houfe ftand in that part of the town called New Brentford. It has alfo two charity-fchools ; though the church is only a chapel to Great Ealing. In this town the freeholders of Middle- sex ^fiemble to chufe their reprefentatives. That part of it called Old Brentford is fituated upon a fine rifmg bank clofe to the Thames, and is naturally capable of being made as beautiful a fpot as any thing of the kind. The oppofite fide of the river is Kew Green, which appears from hence to advantage. A bloody battle was fought at Brentford, 1016, between Edmund Ironfide and Canute the Dane, wherein the latter was defeated. Charles I. defeated the parliamentary forces at Edghill, 1642, and marched here, where he treated of peace with Their deputies. The market-day is on a uefdays, and here are two annual fairs. BRENTWOOD, or BURNTWOOD, in Effex, is a pretty large town, 18 miles from London, and one of the four hamlets belonging to the paiilh of Southwoid cum Brent, B R O 49 It is a place of confiderable antiquity, where in former times the afiizes were often held. The town has no church, but a market on VVednefdays, and one annual fair. Here is a chapel dedicated to Thomas a Becket ltill ilanding. The curate is nominated by the lord of the manor. BROCKET HALL, between Hatfield and Welwyn, in Hert- ford fli ire, a fine feat belonging to Lord Vifcount Melbourne, who has greatly improved both houlc and park, and made great additions to them. BROCKLY-HILL, near Edgware, in Middlefex, built by the late Mr. Sharp, of the Treafury. The houle is good, but lies low. The views from the fummer-houfe are fine and ex ten five. It is now inhabited by Mr. Forth. BROiMLKY, a town in Kent, fituated on the river Ra- venibourn, nine miles from London, in the road to Tun- bridge. The bifiiop of Rochelter has a palace at a little diilance from the town, where is a mineral fpring, the water of which has been found to have the fame qualities as that of Tunbridge. King Edgar gave the manor, in the year 700, to the bifhop of Rochefter; and here alfo is an hofpital erected by Dr. Warner, bilhop of that fee, in the reign of King Chailes II. for twenty poor clergymen's widows, with an al- lowance of aol. a year, and 50I. a year to the chaplain. This was the firir. endowment of the fort ever erlablifhed in rid : the Kev. Mr. Hetherington, a few years aj>o, pre- fenteci 2000I. to this college. The church is an old itrueture. Here is a workhoule, erected in 1731. There is a market on. Thurfdays,< and two annual fairs. ..'. \, a pleafant village near Bow, in Middlefex, where was formerly a monartery, the church of which is now ufed for the inhabitants. BROMPTON, an hamlet of Kenfington, adjoining to Knightfbridge. It is remarkable for the falubrity of its air, which has invited fo many people to relide there, that it is become a very confiderable and populous place. A chapel of eafe h^s been lately built for the convenience of its inhabi- tants -, and the number of houfes are daily encreaiing in every pait of it. This place was the refidence of Oliver Cromw diment, Supported by four columns, over which is a handfome turret; and thiough this part is an opening which leads through the building* On one fide or' the entrance is the chapel, the fur- niture and plate of which was given by King James II. and on the other fide is the hail, where all the penfioners dine in common, the officers by themfelves. In this hall is the picture of King Charles II. on hoifeback, with feveral other pieces as big as the life, d-figned by Signiu. Vari©, and rimmed by Mr. Cook. Time were presented by the Earl of Rmel.-i^h. The pavement of botti the chapel and hall are black and white marble. The aitar-piece in the chapel is the rel'ur reel ion, pi;;. tea by Sebaftian Ricci. The wings, which extend tall and welt, join the chapel and hall to the north, and are open towards the Thames on the fouth; thefe are near -,6o feet in length, about 80 in breadth j they are three (lories high, and the rooms are (0 well difpof.d, and the air fo happily thrown in by means of the open fpaces, that nothing an be more pleafant. On the front of this Iquare is a colonade, extending along the fide of the hall and chapel, over which, upon the cornice, is the following infeription in capitals : In fubjidium et Icvamen emeriiorum fenio, belloque fraflorum, CQndidit Carolus II. Auxil J AC o bus IL Perjecere Gulielmus et Maria, Rex et Retina, MDCXC. And in the midft of the quadrangle is the ftatue of King Charles II» in the ancient Roman drefs, fomewhat bigger than the life, Hand- ing upon a marble pedeftal. This was given by Mr. Tobias Rultat, and is faid to have coft 500I. There arc feveral other buildings adjoining, that form two other large fquares, and confirt of apartments for the officers and ier- vants of the houfe, for old maimed officers of horfe and foot, and the infirmary for the fick. An air of r.eatnefs and elegance is obfervable in all thefe buildings. They are compofed of brick and ftone, and which way lbever they are viewed, there appears fuch a difpofition of the parts as is beft fuited to the purpofes of the charity, the reception of a great number, and the providing them with every thing that can contribute to the convenience and pleafure of the penfionerr. Chelfea-Hofpital is more particularly remarkable for its great regularity and proper fubordination of parts, which is very ap- parent in the north front. The middle is rery principal, and the tranfition from thence to the extremities is very eafy and delightful. The expense of erecting thefe buildings is computed to amount to 1 50, cool, and the extent of the ground is above 4.0 acres. In the wings are fixteen wards, in which are accommodations for above 400 met* $ and there are befides, in the other build- ings, a confiderable uumber of apartments for officers and iervants. C* Thef* 56 CHE Thefe penfioners confifl: of Superannuated veterans, who have been at leaft twenty years in the army ; or thofe loldiers who are difabled in the Service of the Crown. They wear red coats lined with blue, and are provided with all other cloaths, diet, warning, and lodging. The Governor has 500I. a year 5 the Lieutenant- Governor 250I. and the IVhjor 150I. Thirty-fix officers are al- Jowed 6d. a diy ; thirty -four light- horSemen, and thirty Serjeants, have 2S.~a week each 5 foty- eight corporals and drums have lod. a week ; and three hundred and thirty- fix private men are each allowed 8 1. a week. As the houie is called a garrifon, all the members are obliged to do duty in their refpecldve turns ; and they have prayers twice a day in the chapel, performed by two chaplains, who have each a Salary of iool. a year. The phyfi- cian, fecretary, comptroller, deputy treafurer, Steward, and i'ur- geon, have alfo each an hundred pounds per annum, and many other officers have considerable Salaries. As to the out- penfioners, who amount to between eight and aine thoufand, they have each 7I. 12s. 6d. a year. Thele great expences are Supported by a poundage deducted out of the pay of the army, with one day's pay once a year from each officer and common Soldier; and when there is any deficiency, it is Supplied by a fum raifed by Parliament. This hoiphal is governed by the following commissioners : the President of the Council, the Firft Commissioner of the Treafury, the Principal Secretary of State, the Paymaster- General of the Forces, the Se- cretary at War, the Comptrollers of the Army, and by the Go- vernor and Lieutenant-Governor of the Irbipital. CHERTSEY, a town in Surry, twenty miles from London, on the banks of the Thames, by which it carries on a considerable trade in malt, Sent in barges to London. At this place Julius Ca?f*r profTed the Thames when he firft attempted the concjueft of Britain. It lias a market on Wednesdays, and four annual fairs. To the weftward is a Steep hill, on which was a chapel in times of Popery ; and from hence is a fine profpeft over Middlefex and Surry. On the eaft fide of this lull is Monk's Grove, where was foimesly a celebrated medicinal Spring, which was loft for fome time, but has been found again. Here was once an abbey, in which was depofited the corpfe of Henry VI. who was Stabbed in the Tower; but his body was afterwards removed by Henry VII. to Windfor. Out of the ruins of this abbey, Sir H.nry Carew, matter of the buck-hounds to King Charles II. built a very fine houfe. To this village Cow- ley, the poet, retired, after b«ing weary of attending on the court, and here ended his days. Here alfo is a bridge over the Thames to Shepperton, and a handfome free-School, erected by Sir William Perkins, who had a feat here. CUES- CHI si CHESHUNT, with its park and warn, are fititSted about 14 m Jles from London, near the river Lea, in Hertford (h ire, and is thought by fortie to be the Durolitum of Antoninus, which he places 1 5 miles from London, and ffands near the military way called Ermin-ftreet. In Kilfmore- field, weft of Chefhunt, are the remains of a camp, where an oblong fortification is yet re- maining, and a rampart and dilch are very vifible for above ico yards. Here was formerly a convent of nuns ; and King' Edward III. gave Chefhunt the privilege of a market, which has been lor.g difcontinued. — Theobald's, in Chefhunt, 12, miles from London, ftreet 13 miles, wafh 14. miles ; this is beyond the town. Carbuncle ftreet reaches from Theobald's to Turner's-Hill j then a void fpace to Chefhunt- ftreet j fo that there are two ftreets befides Church- end. There is a fine church, a free fchooi, and a meet- ing-houfe. Here are alfo manv very fine feats. CHESTERFIELD-HOUSE, at the bo'tom of Audley- ftreet, built by the late Earl of Chefterfield for his town refidence. It is a good houfe 5 but its external beauties are loft by its Jow fituation. CHEVENING, a village about three miles from Sevenoaks, in Kent, where are the handfome feat and park of Earl Stanhope. CHEYNEVS, between Flaunden, in Hertfordshire, and Che- fham, in Buckinghamshire, formerly belonged to the Cheyneys, but has been the manor 3nd feat of the Ruifels, now Dukes of Bedford, for about 200 years, and is Hill the family burying- place, adorned with noble monuments. CHIGWELL, a village in Eflex, is fituated between Layton- ftone and Lamboum, on the high road to Chipping- Ongir. Here is a free- fchooi very well endowed by Archbifhop Harfnett, who had been vicar : he was buried in the church, and his grave/lone was adorned with his figure in brafs, as large as life. drcfTed in his robes, with his mitre and crofier. This, for the better pre- fervation of it, has lately been erecled upon a ped.ftal in the chancel, by a very curious aHfi< u:ry; and the figure being finely- engraved, it is an additional ornament to the church, which in other refpec"ts is very neat. CHINGFORD, a village in Eflex, near Woodford, and not far from Epping Foreft, fo agreeably fituated for privacy and re- tirement, that the remoter! diftance from the metropolis can hardly exceed it. The church, which was creeled in the reign of King Richard II. is a neat little building, dedicated to St. Peter and Paul. CHIPPING ONGAR, a town in Effex, ai miles from Lon- don, a place of great antiquity, and fuppofed to have bren a Roman ftation, becaufe the church bass many Reman brick? made ufe of in the walls, It was formerly the manor of Richard Lacy, C 5 who, 5§ C H I who, being Protector of England while Henry IT. was abfent in Normandy, built a church, and alfo a caftle, with materials left by the Romans, on an artificial mount of great height, and fur- jounded it with a large moat and other fortifications, the greateft part of which are ftill to be feen. It was much decayed in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, on which account James Morrice, lord of the manor, pu.Ued it down, and ere&ed a handi'ome, ftrong brick building in its room ; which, on account of its lofty fituation and pleafant walks, became one of the fined feats in the county. The town has two charity-fchools, and a market on Saturdays. Near this place is Mylefs, the feat of John Lucher, Efq. reprefentative in parliament for the county. CHISLEHURST, a town near Bromley, in Kent, where the family of the Waifinghams refided for feveral generations, and are interred in the church. Here Mr. Camden compofed the principal part of h>s Annals of Queen Elizabeth. CHISWICK, in Middlelex, fituated on the Thames, on the fouth-weft fide of Hammerfmith. Here are two manors, one belonging to the Prebendary of Chifwick, in St. Paul's cathe- dral, and the other called the Dean's manor, from its belonging to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's. In this village there is a charity- fchool, and it is adorned with feveral elegant ieats, as the Earl of Shrewibuiy's, the Earl of Grantham's, now Col. Elliot's, the late Lord Wilmington's, &c. But the molt remarkable of the kind is the late Earl of Burlington's, now the property of the Duke of Devonshire, which was a plain, commodious building, with good offices about it; but a part of the old edifice being ibme years ago deftroyed by fire, his Lordfhip erected near it a beautiful villa, which, for elegance of tafte, furpafTes every thing of its kind in England. The court in the front, which is of a proportionable fize with the building, is gravelled and con- flantly kept very neat. On each fide are yew hedges in pannels, with termxri placed at a proper diftance; and in the front of thefe hedges are two rows of cedars of Libanus, which, at a fmall ilitrance, have a fine efFt '', the dark made of thefe folemn ever- greens affording a pleafmg con tr aft to the whitenefs of th« ele- gant buiiaing that appears between them j the view of which from the road furprizes you in a moll agreeable manner. The afcent to the houfe is by a noble flight of iteps, on one fide of which is the ftatue of Palladio, and on the other fide that cf Inigo Jones. The portico is fupported by fix fine fluted columns of the Coiinthian order, with a pediment, very elegant j and the cornice, frize, and architrave, are as rich as poffible. This magnificent front: ftrikes all who behold it with an uncommon pltaiure and furprize. The oclogonai falooa finishing at top in a dome, through which it CHI 59 it is enlightened, is alfo very elegant. The other rooms are extremely beautiful, and are finely furnifhed wi*h pictures of the great matters j an account of which is here annexed. It were to be wi/hed this honfe had been built to a hrger fcale, that the grandeur might have equalled the elegance. Thoucrh the other front towards the garden is plainer, yet it is in a very bold, noble, and mafterly ftile, and has at the fame time a pleafing fimplicity; as hath alfo the fide front towards the Terpentine river, which is different from the two others. The infide of this flructure is finifhed with the utmoft elegance; the cielings are richly gilt and painted, and the rooms adorned with fome of the bed pictures in Europe. In the gardens, which ate very beauti- ful the viftas are terminated by a temple, obelifk, or fome fuch ornament, which produce a molt agreeable efrtft The gardens are laid out in the fineft tafte : on defcending from the back ptrt of the houfe you enter a verdant lawn, planted with clumps of evergreens, between which are two rows of large frone vafes. At the ends next the houfe are two wolves in (tone, done by the celebrated Scheemaker, the ftatuary; at the farther end are two large lions, and the view is terminated by three fine antique ftatues, dug up in Adrian's garden at Rome, with (tone feats be- tween them, and behind a clofij plantation of ever- greens. On turning to the houfe on the right hand, an open grove of foreft- trees affords a view of the orangery, which is feen as per- fectly as if the trees were planted on the lawn ; and when the orange trees are in flower, their fragrance ii diffufed over the whole lawn to the houfe. Thele are feparated from the lawn by a foffee, to fecure them from being injured by the perions ad- mitted to walk in the garden. On leaving the houfe to the left, an eafy flope, covered with fliort grafs, leads down to the Terpentine river, on the fide whereof are clumps of ever- greens, with agreeable breaks, between which the water is fren ; and at the farther end is an opening into an Snclofure, where are a Koman temple, and an obelifk, wiih grafe dopes, and in the middle a circular piece of water. From hence you are led to the wildernefs, through which are three (traight avenues, terminated by three different edifices j and within the quarters are ierpentine walks, through which you may ramMe near a mile in the made. On each fide the fcipentine river are verdant walks, which accompany the river in all its turning?. On the right hand of this river is a building that is the exact model of the portico of the church of Covent-Garden 5 on the left is a wildernefs laid out in regular walks j and in the middle is a Palladian wooden bridge over the river. With ths earth dug from the bed of this river his Lordfhip has railed a terrace, that affords a profpeft of the adjacent court- ed 6 tryj 60 CHI try ; which, when the tide i* up, is greatly enlivened by the view of the boats and barges paffing along the river Thames. PICTURES, &c. in the new houfe at Chiswick. In the Portico. Auguftus, a bufto. Saloon. Lord Burlington and three of his fillers, Elizabeth, Juliana, and Jane, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Rape of Proferpine, Sconians. Anne of Auftria, Frederick Elde. Morocco AmbafTador in the reign of Charles II. figure by Sir Godfrey Kneller, the back ground and horfe by Wyke. King Charles, his Queen, and two children, Vandyke. Judgment of Paris, Cav. Daniele. Louis XIII. Frederick Elde. Apoiio and Daphne, Cav. Daniele. Buftos. Antinous. Plautilla. Lucius Antinous. Antoninus. A Bacchanalian. Apollo. Socrates. Buft unknown, Fauftina. Domitian. Britannicus. Adrian. Red Velvet-Room. Madona della Rofa, by Domenichino. Noah facrificing, Carlo Maratti. Painting and Defigning, Guido Rheni. The holy family, Carlo Maratti. King Charles I. Cornelius Johnfon. Pope Innocent IX. Diego Velafques. St. Gregorio, Cavidoni. Pope Clement IX. Carlo Maratti. The holy family, Giacinto Brandi. The holy family, Salviati, Duchefs of Somerfet, Vandyke. Bacchus and Ariadne, Sebaftiano Ricci. A woman, fchool of Rubens. Three ftatues, chiaro oicuro, Nic. Pouffin, A man, fchool of Rubens. Venus and Cupid, Seb. Ricci. St. John in the wildernefs, Franc. Mola. A portrait, Langians. Firit Countefs otBurlington, Vandyke. Cardinal BaroniuSj Fredxrico Barocci. A portrait, Rembrandt. Mr. CHI 6t Mr. Jtillegrewr, Vandyke. Firft Earl of Burlington, Vandyke. Salmacis and Hermaphroditus, FPancifco Albano, The holy family, Andrea del Sarto. Mary Queen of Scotland, Frederick Zucchero. The holy family, Pjfctro <\a Cortona. The proceffion of the Dogefle, Paolo Veronefe. Bronzes. A young Hercules* Three pictures of incenfe lamps, Benvenuto Celini, Blue Velvet Room. A chemift's mop, by David Teniers. A landfcape and figures-, Franc. Mola. A landfcape and figure?, Gafpar Pouflln. A Magdalen's head, Guido Rheni. A landfcape with figures hawking, Wouvermans. A landfcape and figures, Franc. Mola. A landfcape and figures, Gafp. PoufTin. A march, Bourgognone. The pa.Tage of the Red Sea, ditto. The Jefuits church at Antwerp, Geringh. A landfcape and figures, Bote. A landfcape, Gafpar Pouifin. A landfcape, ditto. A landfcape with horfemen, Vander Meulen, A landfcape, Bott. Lord Sandwich in a round, Sir Pet. Lely. A woman frying fritters, Schalcken. The holy family, Carlo Maratti. A tent, Wouvermans. A landfcape with fiihtrmen, Phill. Laura. The flight into Egypt, Nicolo Poullin. A ferry-boat and cattle, Berchem. A woman feeding children, Schalcken. The holy family, Andrea Sacchi. Ditto, Camillo Procacini. Inigo Jones in a round, Dobfon. Red Closet next the Blue Room. Lot and his two daughters, Rottenhamer. A landfcape and ruins, Viviano, the figures by M. Angelo« Jupiter and Io, Francifco Imperiali. Spanish Lady, D. Velafques. Fi mermen, Rubens, The Prefentation, Giufeppi Chiarn A man hawking, Inigo Jones, A tea* tk CHI A Tea- port, Marco Rfcci. A landfcape, Velvet Brughel. A Flora, Francefco Albano. Temptation of St. Antonio, Annibal Caracci. A landf.ape, Patel. Lady Dorothy Boyle, Lady Burlington. A landfcape, Velvet Brughel. The holy family, Sebaftian Bourdon. The inlide of a church, Perino del Vaga, A fea-piece, Vandt rveJde. A landfcape, Marco Ricci. Chrift in the garden. The holv family, Schidoni. A crucifixion of a faint, Seb. Bourdon. A landfcape, Ryfdale The holy family, Denis Calvert. The Samaritan woman, Paolo Veronefe* A boy's head, Holbein. Cleopatra, Leonardo da Vinci. A landfcape, Swanevelt. The hcly family, Parian. Earl of Effex. A portrait, Franc. Hals. Infide of a church, Vandyke. A landfcape, Gafpar Pouflin. A man and vafes, Benedetto CafKglione. A landfcape, Francifque Meli. Green Velvet Room. Mar?, and Venus, Albano. Acis and Galatea, Luca Giordano. Conftantine's arch, Gio. Paolo Panini. Romulus and .Remus Pietro da Cortona* A woman billing, RoufTeau. Mr. Rogers, Vandyke. Our Saviour in the garden, Guercino. A man half leng h with a dog, Dobfon. Rembrandt in his painting-room, Gerrard Dow, Ruins, Viviar.o. A view of Florence, Gafparo degli Occhiale. Diana and Endynvon, Sebafliano Ricci. Flowers by Baprifte the boy, ditto. Ponte Rotto, Gafparo degli Occhiale. The ho}y family, Francefco Mola. A landfcape Mfonf. Vertcn. Building-, RouiTeau. A Ma^ualen, Carlo Maratti from Guido» A man CHI 63 A man half length, Rembrandt. A Madona and St. Catherine, Pietro da Corfona. The Jews fcourging our Saviour, Giacomo Baflano* Piazza del Porpola, Gafparo degli Occhiale. A landfcape with filhermen, Salvator Rofa. Belifarius, Vandyke. Earl of Pembroke and his filter, Vandyke Bed-Chamber. Earl of Cumberland in a round. Mr. Pope in a round, Kent. Lady Burlington in a round, Aikman. Gallery, Sufanna P. Veronefe. * * * * Baffan * * * * Ditto. Landfcapes. Ditto. Ditto. Middle of the cieling, Paulo Veronefc. Two ftatues, Guelphi. Two ditto, Scheemaker. Two little heads, Guelphi. Two porphyry vafes, from Rome. Closet within the Bed - Chamber. Lord Clifford and his family, painted in 14.44. by John VanEykj called John of Bruges. A woman in a hat, Blomaert. Lady Dorothy Boyle, in crayons, Lady Burlington, Henry IV. of France, Mofaic. A head, a fketch, Vandyke. Ditto ditto. Flowers upon glafs, Baptifte. A woman felling fifh and herbs* Hagar and the Angel. A boy's head. A man's head. A woman combing her head. A fatyr whipping a woman. A head, Holbein. A Venus deeping. Dutch figures. A man reading. The afcenfion, Albano. The ^ew Dining Room. Twelfth night, Jordans. The finding of Mofes, Seb. Ricci, Jephtha K4 C L A JephthA, ditto. Good Samaritan, Oiarcmo B.ifTan. A flower-piece, £»jptiite. Ditto, ditto. Ditto, ditto. A portrait, Rubens. Ditto, unknown. Buildings and cattle, Wenlx. Firft Lady Halifax, Sir Peter Lely. The marriage cf Cupid, Sec. Andrea Schiavone. A landfcape, Gio. Francefco Bclognefe. Mars and Venus, LeFevje. A landfcape, Gio. Francefco Bolognefe. A Madona, Parmegiano. Woman taken in adultery, Allefandro Veronefe. Liberality and Modefty, after Guido. The church of this town is not remarkable for any thin*, except that here was buried the celebrated Mr. Hogarth, the painter, to whofe memory a monument is lately erected. CLANDON. There are two towns of this name, in Surry, lying near each other, and diftinguifhed by their fituation with refpeel to each other. Wtft Clandon is 26 miles from London, and is the manor oPLord Onflow, whofe feat is near the church. It is a noble edifice erected after an Italian model. The gardens are beautiful, and laid out in the modern tafte. It has plenty of good water, and commands a delightful and extenfive pr«fpect as far as Wind for. The horde is ieen from a road up a grand avenue, and appears to be, what it really is, one of the fined feats in that part of the kingdom. Eaft Clandon lies about two miles to the eaft of the laft-men- tioned village, and was anciently the eftafe of Gerard Lord Aun- gier, of the kingdom of Ireland, who had a houfe and park here In the neighborhood of Eaft Clandon was the feat of Admiral Bofcawen, who died here. CLAPHAM, a village three miles from London. It furrounds a large and extenfive common, from many parts whereof there are beautiful views of the Thames, with London, and the country beyond it, &c. &c. The church is lately rebuilt : there is alfo a d {Tenting meeting houfe. If it mould continue to encreafe as it has done for fome years paft, the whole common will be environed with the handfome and elegant feats of the merchants and citizens of London. CLAPTON, a village adjoining to Hackney, is a hamlet of that pariih. CLAREMONT, late the feat of the Duke of Newcastle, but C L A 65 'row of Lord Clive, at Efher. The honle was defigned and built by Sir John Vanbrngh, in a whimfical (tile of architecture. It was afterwards purchafed of Sir John by his Grace, who was at a great exptfnce in improving the place. The Structure, though fingular, did not appear Irregular. It was built of brick, with a good deal of variety in it, and of cohfidefable extent, but not much elevated. The Duke built a grand room for the reception of company, when numerous, which made the ends of the houfe not appear fimilar. The houfe had a lawn in the front, ihaded on each fide with trees, and the ground behind it riling gradually, (hewed the trees there alfo, fo that xhi houfe appeared 'to be embowered by them, except juft in the front; i white lummer- houfe, with tour little pinnacles, built on the mount which gave name to. the place, - from before the front of the houfe, role up finely* from behind the trees, and altogether formed a very pleafmg appearance The late Lord Clive pulled the whole of this down, and erected a moft fuperb and elegant villa in a much better fit The park in which it is fituated is diftinguifhed by its noble • woods, lawns, walks, mounts, prospects, Sec. The fummer- houi'e Called the Belvidere, at about a mile distance from the houfe, on that fide of the park next EPaer, affords a very beautiful and extenfivc view of the country quite round ; yet that from the fummer-houfe at Eflier-place, which is juft bv, is perhaps no way inferior to it. A very ingenious author obferves, that, at Claremont, the walk to the cottage, though deilitute of many natural advantages, and eminent for none ; though it commands no profpect ; though the water below it is a trifling pond ; though it has nothing, in fhort, but inequality of ground to recommend it j is yet the fineft part of the garden: for a grove is there planted, in a gently cuived direction, all along the fide of a hill, and on the edge of a wood, which rifes above it. Large recedes break it into feveral clumps, which hang down the declivity ; fofne of them approaching but none reaching quite to the bottom Thefe recedes are fo deep as to form great openings in the midit of the grove ; they penetrate almoft to the covert ; bur, the clumps being all equally fufpended from the wood, and a line of o on, though fometimes narrow, running conftantly along the top, a continuation of grove is preferved, and the connection between the parts is never broken. Even a group, which is near one of the extremities, and (lands out quite detached, is (till in (tile fo fimilar to the re It , as not to loie all relation. Each of thefe clumps is compofed of feveral others (till more intimately united; -each is full of groups, fometimes of no more than two trees, fometimes of four or five, and now and then in larger ciufteis 3 an irregular waving line, 65 COB line, iiluing from fome little crowd, lofes itfelf in the next, or a few (entered trees drop in a more diftant lucceffion from the one to the other. The intervals, winding here iike a glade, and widening there into broader openings, differ in extent, in figure, and direction 5 but all the groups, the lines, and the intervals, are collected together into large general clumps, each of which is at the fame time both compact and free, identical and various. The whole is a place wherein to tarry with fecure delight, or faunter with perpetual amuiement. CLIEF DON-HOUSE, at Taploe, in Bucks, near Windfor, a noble and beautiful feat belonging to the Earl cf Inchiquin, and was formerly the Cummer leiidente of Frederick late prince of Wales. It was built by the Duke of Buckingham in the reign of Charles II. and came by marriage of the heirefs of that family, to the earl oi Orkney, who greatly improved it. In the grand chamber the tapeilry hangings reprefent the battles of the great Duke of Marlborough, in which Lord Orkney himfelf had no finall fhare. The noble terrace in front is highly commended, and the walks and views all round mod juftly admired. At a fmall dilrance is the manor-heufe of Taploe, upon the top of a hill, another beautiful feat belonging to the Earl of Inchiquin, where the late Earl refided while nis Royal Highnefs lived at Cl.efdon. COBHAM, a town in Surry, fituated on Bagfhot-heath, on the river Mole, fix miles from Epfom, in the road frccn London to Guildford : it belonged formerly to the abbey of Chertfey, where the abbot had a Afti-pond above a mile in compafs j but, for want of being properly cleaned and kept in repair, it is how choaked up with weeds. To the weft of the town is an ancient monument fuppofed to have been erecled in memory of fome Britifh chief. Near Cobham are feveral fine feats, particularly one belonging to Earl Ligonier, which is built in a very fingular tafte, though very plain on the outfide, fomewhat after the manner of an Italian villa. The principal rooms are richly ornamented j the cielings are gilt ; and the offices below are not only convenient, but con- trived with great judgment, fo as to anfwer the purp&fes for which they were designed. As the houfe is fituated on an emi- nence, it commands the profpeft of the adjacent fields, which are kept in great order. The river Mole pafle* along by the fide of the gardens, and, being made here four or five times broader than it was naturally, it has a happy effect, efpeciaily as the banks are difpofed into a (lope, with a broad grafs walk, planted on each fide withf*eet fhrubs. At one end of this walk is a very elegant room, which is a delightful retreat in hot weather j it being (haded with large elms on the fouth fide, and having the C R A 6? the water on the north and eaft fides, is extremely cod and, plea- fant. The houfe is fituated about halt' a miie from the public road to Portfmouth, and is fo much hid by the trees near it, as not to be feen till you rile en the heath beyond Cobhr-m, where you have a fine view of it in feveral parts of the road between that town and Ripley. Here is alio Pains Eli 11, the beautiful and enchanting park and gai dens of Benjamin Bond Hopkins, Efq 8 (See Pains-Hill.) COLEBROOK, or COLNBROOK, a town in Buckingham- fliire, fituated 18 miies from London, on four channels of the river Coin, over each of which it has a bridge. One part of the town is in Middlefex, and the other in Buckinghamshire. Here is a charity- fchool, and an sneient chape), laid to have been founded by Edward III. The principal tupport of the place are the inns, on account of its being in the Bath road. Some antiquarians have fuppoled this place to have been a Roman ftation, but their imagination is not fupported by any antiquities having been found here. It has a market on Wednefdays, and two annual fairs. COLE GREEN. See Hertford. COLESHILL, a village near Ameitham, in Bucks, fituated oppofite Amerfham Parfonage, on a hill, but belonging to the county of Hertford, to which it is connected by only a cartway, the lands on each fide being in Bucks. COLNEY, a village in Hertford (hire, three miles from St< Alban's, in the road to London, is called London Colney, to dsftinguifh. it from Colney-ftreet, which lies a little to the weft, and Colney-green. Thefe villages receive their names from the river Coin, near which they are fituated. COMB-NEVIL, in Surry, is fituated in the parifh of King- fton upon Thames, and was formerly the feat of theEail or Warwick, called the Setter- up and Puller- down of Kings } but was lately in the pofleilion of William Harvey, Efq ; and novr belongs to Richard Grofvenor, brother of Lord Grofvenor. COOMB BANK, about fix miles from Stvenoaks, in Kent, the pleafant feat of his Grace the Duke of Argyll. It pofleffes a very delightful fituation, which has received great addition* and improvements from the prefent noble owner. COPT HALL, the feat of Jonn Conyers, Efq. is fituated in EiTex, between Epping and the fore ft ; and, being built on an eminence above Waltham Abbey, is feen at a great diftance. The houfe is not very large, but is a perfect model of convenient and comfortable architecture. COULSDON, a village in Surry, near Croydon, which ar.cientlv belonged to the abbey of Cbertfey. CRANBURN- LODGE* a fine houfe in Bcrkfliire, in the middle 6$ C R O middle of Windfor-Foreft. It was built by the late Earl of R-.nelagb, and is now in the polTdhon of his Royal Highaefs the Duke ot Gloucester. It is in a mod pleafam htuaiion, having an tx:eniive profpect over a line plain that affords a molt beauti- ful land/cape. The lodge is large, and well-built 5 and in a ;s room are painted, and regularly ranged, in large is, the military drefies of the different corps in the European armies. CRANFORD, a village on the north- weft fide of Hounflow. It has a charity- fch'ool, and abridge over the river Crane ; and here the Earl of Berkeley has a feat CRAY. There are feveral villages of this name in Kent, iitiiated on the final! river Cray, from which they take their r.ames. This ftream riles a little to the fouth-weft of St. Mary Cray, runs by that town, and puffing by Paul's Cray, Foot's Cray, and North Cray, falls into the Darent, near its conflux with the Thames at Dartford creek, oppoilte to Pui fleet. The principal of thtl'e places is St. Mary Cray, about which are many woods of birch, whence the broom - makers in Kent - ftreet, Southwarkj are fupplied. CkAYFORD, a town near Dartford, in Kent, is 14 miles • from London, and obtained its name from its having anciently a ford over the river Cray, or Crouch, a little above its influx into tae Thames. In the adjacent heath and fields are feveral caves, fuppoftd to have been formed by the Saxon?, as places of fee urity- and fhelter for their wives, children, and effects, during their wars wi:h the Britons. In the church there is a very fine altar- piece, and in the window of the north aile there is a good repre- fentatipn of Abraham offering dp I fade'. t ROYDON, a large and populous town in Surry, fituated on the edge of Banfted Downs, ten miies and a half from London. 'Tis laid there was once a royal palace in this place, which was giveti with the manor to the Archbifhops of Canterbury, who converted it inio a palace for themfelves ; but it is now much decayed. Archbiftiop Whitgift founded an hofpital here, which he endowed with farms for the fupport of a warden, and twenty- eight men and women, decayed houfe- keepers of Croydon and Lambeth, wish a fchool for ten boys, and as many girls, with • 20I. a year and a houfe for the mailer, who muft be a clergyman. 'The church, which is a Gothic building, is efteemed the fineft and largeft in the county, has feveral (lately monuments, parti- cularly one for Archbifhop Grindall, another for Archbilhop Sheldon*, and another for Mr. Francis Tyrrel, a grocer in London, who generoufly gave 200I. to build the market houfe. Here is a great corn-market on Saturdays, chiefly for oats and oatmeal, for the fervice o: London; and the adjacent hills being well covered D A R 69 covered with wood, great quantities of charcoal are made and fent to that city. It has a market on Saturdays, and one annual fair. D. DAGENHAM, a village in EfTex, nine miles from London. About fifty years ago, the Thames near this place, hunt- ing its banks, laid near 5000 acres of land under water; but, after this inundation had continued near ten years, it was {topped by Captain Perry, who had been employed feveral years by the Czar of Mufcovy, in his works at Veronitza, on the river Don. . DAGNAM-PARK, in the parifli of South- Weald, near Brentwood, in EfTex, the feat of Mrs.. Muilman, relic! of the late Henry Muilman, Efq. It is a large old houfe, containing a handfome gallery and chapel, and is pleafantly fituated on the fide of a fmal I park well Mocked with i\cev. D ANSON- HILL, about eleven miles from London, in the parifh of Bexley, in Kent, is the elegant and new built feat of Sir John Boyd, Bart. The houfe is a pleafine. uniform build- ing, with handfome wings, and contains fome" fine apartments. The grounds are very beautifully difpofed, and adorned with a very grand flieet cf water ; which, with woods, plantations, and agreeable inequalities of furface, compofe a very delightful fcene. The houfe prefents itfelf to the view of every traveller, between the ten and eleven mile ftoncs on the Dover road. DARKING, in Surry, 24. miles from London, and 11 from Guildford, is feated on the banks of the river Mole, and upon a rock of foft faiuly (tone, in which deep cellars are dug that are extremely cold even in the mid ft of fummer. The (beets are wide and open j and the town, which is paved, is from its na- tural fituation remarkably clean. Though no manufacture is carried on here, yet a great deal of buhnefs is done with regard to many neceffary articles of life. It has a good m rket on' Thurfdays for all forts of gram, the buhnefs of which his been greatly increafed fince the compleathig of the turnpike road from Epfom, through the main ftreet of the town, to Horlham, in Suffex j for by this ro^d a much greater quantity of corn is brought out of that country than before. The water-mills, which are very numerous in the parifh and neighbourhood, grind a great deal of corn, and the market is frequented by buyers fiom a confiderable diftance round, many of whom fend great quantities of rneal to London. Indeed, the market appears much let's confiderable than it is, from a cuftom, which lias long pre- vailed, of felling the corn in the public boufies cf the town, where it is lodged. An incredible quantity of poultry is fold in Darking, which are remarkably large and fine. There are here frequently, 70 DEE frequently, about Chriftmas, capons Co large as to weigh be- tween feven and eight pounds out of their feathers. The town is well fupplied, not only with the bell of butchers meat, but with excellent river-fiOi, paiticularly exceeding fine carp and tench. Plenty of fea fifti are alfo brought hither from Blight- helmftone and Worthing, in SufTex. Here is an annual fair held on Afcenfion eve. The living is a vicarage, annexed to the reclory of Mickle- ham, worth about 120I. per annum. The church is a plain (tone building, with a tower fteeple, in which is a ring of eight fmall tuneable bells, with a fet of chimes. An elegant monu- ment of curious marble was fome years ago erecled to the me- mory of Mrs. Talbot, wife of Henry Talbot, Efq. of Chart- Park, in this p-iriih. Here are two meeting- houfes, one for the ufe of the Preft>)terians, and the other for the Quakers. The donations to the poor of this town are considerable. Mrs. Fenwick, late of Betchwoith Caftle, bequeathed 800I. the neat annual produce of which fhe ordered to be applied to the fupport of decayed houfeljeepers, the putting out apprentices, and the payment of 5I. to every young woman of the parifh who had lived feven years in one feivice, on her marriage. The famous Dog Smith left at his death about 60I. per annum, for the ufe of the poor. This man was a filverfmith in London, and, having acquis ed a large eftate, left off trade, and travelled with his dog about the country as a common beggar. One Mr. Beau, a cler- gyman re iding here, alfo be-queathed 20I. a year to the poor. The workhoufe is a large, commodious edifice j and on Colman Dean (r. e . the heath of poor cottages), a pleafant green, which in the opinion of fome learned phyficians has the belt nir in Eng- lanJ, ftar.d alms-houfes, for the ufe of widows and perfons ad- vanced in yeirs, who to the number of 16 have each a convenient dwelling afligned them, and 81. a year divided amung them. This town was deflroyed by the Danes, but was rebuilt either by Canute or the Normans j and the great Rorn^n caufeway, called Stoney ftreet, partes through the church yard. It is re- markable, that, according to the cuirom of the manor, the youngeft fon or youngeft brother of a cuftomary tenant is heir of the cuf- tomary eftate of the tenant dying inteftate. DEEPDEN, near D srkin-, in Surry, a houfe and gardens of Mr. Howard. It is fituated in a fmall valley, furrounded on every fkle with hills j a r/ef:iiption of which we mail give in the words of Mr. Aubrey, who wrote wReh they were in their higheft ftate of perfection. " Near this place, the Hon. Charles Howard, of Norfolk, hath very ingenioully connived a Long Hope (/'. e, according to Virgil, Deduftus Vallis), in the moft pieafant and delightful foiitude, DEE ji folitude, for houfe, gardens, orchards, bocages, &c. that I have feen in England : it deferves a poem, and was a fubject worthy of Mr. Cowley's muic. The true name of this Hope is Dibden> (quafi Deep Dene). Mr. Howard hath caft this Hope into the form of a theatre, on the fides whereof he hath made feveral narrow walks, like the feats of a theatre, one above another, above fix in number, done with a plough, which are bordered with thyme, and fome cherry- trees, myrtles, Sec. Here were a great many orange trees and fyringas. In this gaidenare twenty one forts of thyme ; and the pit (as I may call it) is ftorcd full of rare flowers and choice plants. In the hill, on the left hand, (being fandy ground,) is a cave, dog thirty fix paces long, four broad, and five yards high ; and at about two-thirds of the hill (where the crook or bowing ;s) he hath dug another fubterranean walk or paffage, tobepieiced through the hill; through which, as through a tube, you have the vilta over all the fouth part of Surry and SufTex to the fea. The fouth fide of this hill is converted into a vineyard of many acres of ground, which faceth the fouth and fouth- weft. The vaulting or upper part of thole caves is not made femicircular, but parabolical, which is the ftrongeft figure for bearing, and which fandy ground naturally falls into, and then ftands. Here are caves for beer, Sec. On the welt fide of this garden is a little building, which is divided into a laboratory, and a neat oratory, by Mr. Howard. Above the hill, on this" weft lidc, is a thicket of black cherry- trees, with which the walks abound, as does the ground with ftrawberries. The houfe was not made tor grandeur, but re- tirement; neat, elegant, and fuitable to the modefty and folitude of the proprietor, a Chriftian phiiofopher, who, in this iron age, lives up to that of the primitive times. It is an agreeable fur- prize to the ftranger, that neither houle nor garden c3n be difco- vtred till you come juft to them. But lately both the gardens andvineyaid, though the latter has produced good wine, have been negledted, and many of the exotic trets have been deftroyed. On the top of the hill, above the vineyard, is a fummer houfe, from which, in a clear day, the fea may be difcerned over the South Downs. About one mile from Darking ftands the feat of the Hon. Mr. King, called Denbigh, hue belonging to Jonathan Tyers, E:q. formerly proprietor of Vauxhall, who' here, as well as at the lat- ter place, difplayed that elegant tafte for which he-was remark- able. The houfe ftimds on a very fine eminence, commanding the moft beautiful pre>fye& of a rich and extenfive vale beneath, and finely variegated b; die river Male circling through it, on the yz, DEE the fide of which (lands the town of Darking. It has a noMe terrace, of near a quarter of a mile in length, which, perhaps, may vie with any thing cf the kind in England. The gardens lie on the fide of a hill, covered thick with a grove of young trees, cut into a labyrinth of walks, fome de- fending, ib me afcending ; in fome parts eafy, fmooih, and Itvtl J in others rugged and uneven. Almoft at every turn there are flags hanging out, with fome moral fentences and admonitions infer i bed on them, for our inrtruc"tion, and to give a feripus turn to the thoughts. Not far from the entrance, over which is in- scribed Procul efte profaui, there is a fort cf hermitage, called the Temple of Death, wherein is a monument to the memory of Lord Petre, on one fide ; in which is a defk for reading and meditation, to which we are called by the melancholy, finking of a minute- clock: to aflift us therein the walls 2ie covered with the fineff. fentiments of our belt writers and poets, as Dr. Young, and others. But what (hikes you molf. is the awful concluiion of the whole. We are conducled to the iron gate which leads to the Valley of the Shadow of Death j at the entrance of which, inftead of columns for a portico, two itone coffins are erected, with human fkulls piaced upon them. The-fkulls are placed in the manner of addreffing thofe who enter. It is affirted that they are the real fkulls, one of a noted highwayman, the other of a celebrated courtezan in the neighbourhood of Covent- Garden. The mft thus addrefTes the men : ucKingnaiijm.ie, anu uts i»iuw i^i^.j indibr cattle ; and, by means of a wooden bridge es, is in a manner joined to Windfor. This village tuatcd on the bank, of that, river, in a delightful T7AT0N is fituated in BuckinghamAVre, and Kes immediately over is plealantly fituaieu on me uann. wi iirai nvci, m « wv... & . valiey, and healthy foil ; and has been for a long time famous for its royal college and fchool, founded by that unhappy Prince, King Henry VI. in the year 14.4.0, for the education of ibyenty youths in claflical learning, who are fent from hence to King's College, in Cambridge. Here likewife are educaied a great num- ber of the nobility, and young men of the moft diltinguimed families in the kingdom, this royal foundation being one of the moft celebrated feminaries for ciaflkal learning in his Majefty's- dominions Eaton College confifts of two neat quadrangles ; one appropri- ated to the fchool, and the lodging of the mailers and fcholars j in the midft of which is a handibme copper (fame of the royal founder; (binding on a marble pedeftai, erected at the expence of the late Provolt, Dr. Godolphin, Dean of St. Paul's. In the other quadrangle are the apartments of the Provoit and Fellows. On the ibuth fide of the inner court of this Faff quadrangle is the college library, which is one of the fined: in England, with refpecY to the neatnefs of the room, the choice collection of the belt authors, and the molt valuable editions. This library, which is a very beautiful room, has been lately much improved by the donations of Dr. Waddmgton, Biihop of Cfcichefter j Dr. Godolphin, late Provoft ; the Rev. Mr. Raynold?, j Nicholas Mann, Efq. mafter of the Charter- houis j and other gentlemen of dillinguimed tails and learning, among whom we ought not to omit the Jate Richard Topham, Efq. of Windfor, whofe fine collection of boobs and drawings, collected at a great expence from the originals in Rome and other parts of Italy, were prelented to the college by his exe- cutors, Lord Chief juitice Reeves, and Dr. Mea 1 : nor mould Dr. Hf.therington be forgotten, who has enriche.l it with all the modern publications of merit and eitimation. The chapel, which is a plain Gothic ftructuie, built with itone, in a very fimple but elegant tafte, forms one fide of the quadrangle of the college we have mentioned. The feventy King's fcholars, as thofe are called who are on the foundation, when properly qualified, are elected, on the firft Tuefday in Auguff, to King's- college, in Cambridge, but are not removed till there are vacancies in that college, and then they are calied according to fenicrity ; and after they have been three years at Cambridge, they claim a fellowship. Beiides thole on the foundation, there ar.e feldom lefs than 300 gentlemen's funs, D 4. who Bo E D G who board at the mafters houfes, or within the bounds of the college. The fchool is divided into upper and lower, and each of thefe into three claries. To each fchool there is a mr.fter, and four alMants. The revenue of the college amounts to about 5000I. a year. EAST SHENE, a village about a mile and a half in the coach road from Richmond, where the Lord Vifcount Palmerrton, a defcendant of Sir William Temple, has a fine feat and gardens. Thefe gardens were laid out and finished by the great genius of Sir William, and were his principal delight at the clofe of his life. EDGEWARE, a town twelve miles from London, in the road to St. Alban's, Watford, and Harrow on the Hill, is fituated on the very edge of the county of Middlefex, and has a market on Wednefday. The old Roman way called Watling- Street palTes by here from London. The late Duke of Chandos built near this town one of the molt noble feats in England, which he adorned and furniflied at fuch a vaft expence, that it had fcarce its equal in the kingdom. The great faloon or hall was painted by Paolucci, and the flaiftering and gilding of the Iwufe was done by the famous talian Pergotti. The columns fupporting the building were all of marble: the grand ftair-cafe was extremely fine j the fteps were marble, and every ftep was one whole piece twenty- two feet in length. The avenue was fpacious and majeitic, and as it afforded the view of two fronts, joined as it were in one, the diltance not permitting you to fee the angle that was in the centre, fo you were agreeably deceived into the opinion that the front of the houfe was twice as large as it really was: and yet, on approaching nearer, you were again furprifed, by perceiving a winding pafTage opening, as it were, a new front to the eye of near an hundred and twenty feet wide, which you imagined not to have feen before. The gardens were well defigned, and the canals large and no- ble. The chapel was a Angularity both in its building and the beauty of the woikmanmip, and the late Duke maintained theie at one time a full choir, and had divine worfhip performed with the bell mufic, after the manner of the chapel royal. But all this grandeur was foon at an end : the furniture and curiofities were brought to public auction, and this fuperb edifice quite demolished ; thereby verifying Mr. Pope's prediction, viz. " Another age (hall fee the golden ear Jmbrown the flope, and nod on the parterre ; Deep harvefts bury all his pride has plann'd, And laughing Ceres re-affume the land." The ELS 81 The park in which this ftruclure was ere&ed was lately pur- chafed by the late Mr. Hallet, an eminent cabinet-maker, who acquired a large fortune in that bufmefs, and who built an elegant final 1 houfe in the park, from the materials of the Duke of Chandos's large and magnificent feat. EDMONTON, a village in Middlefex, in the road to Ware, feven miles and a half from London, which though only a fmall village formerly, yet by the increafe of its buildings it is become fo confiderable, that it has an aifembly-room for its inhabitants, who are numerous and genteel. EFFINGHAM, a village in Surry, three miles weft-by-fouth of Leatherhead, and according to tradition was once a large and populous place, in which were fixteen churches. Indeed, there are ftill evident proofs of its being once much larger than it is at prefent j for in the fields and woods, wells and cavities like cellars have been frequently found, and in the church and chancel are feveral old ftalls and remarkable monuments, fome of which are very ancient. It gives title to a branch of the Howard family, and has a fair on St. Lawrence's day. EG HAM, a town in Surry, fituated on the bank of the Thames almolt oppofite to Stains, and three miles on the eaft of Windfor. It has feveral gocd inns, a noble charity-fchool, and an alms- houie built and endowed by Baron Denham, Surveyor of the Works to King Charles II. for five poor old women, each of whom have an orchard. The parfonage houfe was formerly the feat of Sir John Denham, who rebuilt it. This Sir John was the father of the poet of that name, who took great delight in this place. In the welt part of the parjfh is Camomile hill, remark- able for camomile growing upon it without cultivation ; and on the backf/de of the town is'Runny-rnead, where King John was compelled to fign Magna Charta, and Charts de Foreita, by his Barons, in the year izrj. ELING, GREAT and LITTLE, are fituated in Middlefex between Brentford and the Oxford road. Great Eling lies to the eaft of the other, and has a workhoufe and a charity- ichool, with a pretty church that has eight mufical bells, and is the mo.her- church of that of Old Brentford. ELSTREE, a village in Hertfordfhire, fituated on an eminence, within a mile of Stanmore, and in the road from Watford to High Barnet. It is alfo called Eagleftree, IlMtree,. and Idleftree. It is now a fmall village, and has a church which is but a mean ftructure. This is thought by Norden to have been tne Roman city called Sullonica, mentioned by Antoninus as at the dtftance of twelve miles from London j but Camden and Horfley are of opinion it was on Brockley hill in ; his neighbourhood, many urns, coins, Roman Bricks, and other antiquities, having been D 5 dug 82 E N F dug up there, and at Pennywell near Brockley-hill are (till vifible the foundation of feveral walls, which according to tradition are the remains of a city. ELTHAM is a handfome village, eight miles from London, and about a mile to the fouth of the Dover road. Anthony Beck, Bifhop of Durham, having fraudulently fecuied the poiTeflion of this manor, repaired and beautified the capital manfion, and left it to the crown. The ftone-work of the outer-gate, being caftle- like, is a remnant of the work of that age, but the palace itfelr* is in a more modern ftyle of building. This bifhop died at Eltham, March 8, 1311, and, after his deceafe, King Edward the S cond frequently refided there: his queen Ifabel was here delivered of a fon, who, from the place of his birth, acquired the name of john of Eltham. Poflibly from this circumftance, this hcule has been, and ftill is, improperly called King John's Palace; unlefs it fhould have got this appellation from the fump- tucus entertainment given here by King Edward thd Third to his captive monarch John of France. King Henry the Seventh built the fair front towards the moat ; but this palace was neg- lected, after Greenwich became the favourite country refidence of his fucceflors. Our princes often celebrated their feftivals at Eltham, with great pomp and expence. One of the laft of thefe feafts was held here at Whitfuntide, 1515, when Henry the Eighth created Sir Edward Stanley, Baron Monteagle, for his fervice at Flodden Field. The ftately hall, which was the fcene of thofe feafts, is ftill in tolerable prefervation, and is ufed as a barn. A portion of the manor of Eltham was granted by Charles the Second to Sir John Shaw, Bart, for his firm attachment to the royal caufe during the preceding civil wars. He, by pur- chafe, became fole proprietor of the remainder, and the whole is now held under leafe from the crown, by his great-great-grandfon Sir John Shaw, whofe elegant feat and plantations do honour to the'tafte of that gentleman. The ftreet of Eltham confifts chiefly in houfes belonging to families of genteel fafhion. On the north fide of the town is a range of fine meadows, which have been much improved by their prefent pofTeftor, the Rev. Doclor Pinnel, whofe handfome garden opens into them. Here is in it a green- houfe, in which were formerly kept the exotics of that eminent botanift, Doctor Sherrard. The Hortus Elthamicnfit is well known to the curious in botanical fcience. The church contains feme ancient monuments. The nearelt road from London to Maidftone nafies through this place. EMBER- COURT, near E/her, in Surry, formerly the feat of Arthur Onflow, Efq. afterwards of the Archbifhop of Can- terbury, and now of Sir Grey Cooper. ENFIELD, a town in Middlefex, ten miles from London. Lord a EPS 3 3 Lord Lyttelton has quoted an ancient author who lived in the reign of Henry II. and who fays, that the citizens of London had a chace or foreft that extended from Houndfditch near u miles north, and that it was the property of the citizens. En- field Chace, the only part now remaining of this extenfive foreft, has been many years the property of the crown, and is at prefent annexed to the duchy of LancaMer. Almolt in the centre of Enfield Chace are the ruins of an old houfe, faid to have be- longed to the Earls of ElTex. Here is a fine lodge for the ranger, and the flcirt8 of the chace abound with handfome country-houfes belonging to the citizens of London. When King James I. refided at Theobald's, this chace was well Mocked with deer 9 and all forts of game; but in the civil wars it was ttripped both of the game and timber, and even let out in farms: however, after the Reftoraticn, it was again laid open, woods were planted, and the whole chace afrefh Mocked with deer. By a late acl of parliament, it is deprived of its beauty for ever, and tha whole is enclofed. Enfield was formerly a royal feat, of which there are ftil! feme remains ; and, by the coats of arms yet vifible in fome- parts of it, feems to have been built by Sir Thomas Lovel, Knight of the Garter, and Secretary of State to King Henry VII. It has a market on Saturdays, and two annual fairs. The churctV ftands in the middle of the town, and is a fair Gothic ftructure, There is alfo a meeting- houfe for diffenters, and feverai elegant feats in its neighbourhood. ENGLEFIELD GREEN, a village in BerkftiJre, in the pariih of Egham, where there are feverai pleafant ieats. EPPING, a town in EfTex, feventeen miles from London, The markets, which are on Thurfday for cattle, and on Friday' for provifions, are kept in Epping ftreet, a hamlet about a mile and a half from the church. There are feverai fine feats in Epping Foreft, which is a royal chace, and extends from the town almolt to London. EPSOM, a well-built and handfome town in Surry, fixteea* miles from London, abounds with very genteel houfes, which, are principally the retreats of the merchants and citizens of Lon- don, and is a delightful place open to BanMed Downs. Its mineral waters, which iffue from a rifing ground nearer Afllttqi than Epfom, were difcovered in 1618, and foon became extremely, famous j but though they are not impaired in virtue, they are • Far from being in the fame repute as formerly ; however, the fait made of them is valued all over Europe. The hall, galleries., and other public apartments, are now run to decay ; and there remains only one houfe on the fpot, which is inhabited by a. countryman and his wife, who carry the waters in bottles to the- adjacent places. Horfe- races are annually held on the neigh- D 6 bourmg 8 4 E S H bowing downs. The town extends about a mile and a half in a femicircle from the church to Lord Guildford's- fine feat at Dur- rlins; and, as Mr. Whateley obferves, there aie here f'o many fields, meadows, orchards, and gardens, that a Granger would bs at a lofs to know whether this was a town in a wood, or a wood in a town. There are many fine feats in this neighbour- hood, befides Durdans already mentioned ; as the late Lord Baltimore's, the Lady Fielding's, Lord Suffolk's, and Pitt Place, io called from its fituation, being in a chalk pit. It was built by the late Mr. Belchier, formerly member in parlia- ment for the borough of Southwark, and is a very whimfical but not unpleafing or inelegant retirement. ERITH, a village in Kent, fituated on the banks of the Thames below Woolwich, and about fourteen miles from London, For Sir Sampfon Gideon's houfe here, fee Belvidere. ESHER, a village in Surry, fituated near Walton upon Thames and Hampton Court, of which laft it affords a fine profpe&, as> well as of the other parts of Middlefex. ESHER PLACE was the feat of the late Henry Pelham, Efq. The houfe is a Gothic ftruclure built of a brownifh red brick, with ftone facings to the doors, windows, &c. It ftands upon almoft the lowed ground belonging to it, and has the river Mole gliding clofe by it and through the grounds. This houfe was originally one of thofe built by Cardinal Wolfey ; but the late Mr. Pelham rebuilt the whole, except the two towers in the body of the houfe, which are the fame that belonged to the old build- ing, and the whole is rebuilt in the fame ftyle of architecture it was before, which uniformity is certainly better than an unnatu- ral mixture of Gothic and modern, too often pra6\ifed. 1 here is a fine fummer houfe built upon a hill on the left hand as you enter, which commands the view of the houfe, park, and country round on both fides the Thames for many miles. The park or ground in which the houfe is fituated appears quite plain and unadorned} yet perhaps not a little art has been ufed to give it this natural and fimple appearance, which is certainly very pleafing. The grove was planted by the fame mafterly hand as that at Claremont} but the neceffity of accommodating the young plan- tation to fome large trees whfch grew there before, has confined its variety. The groups are few and fmall ; there was not room for larger or for more ; there were no opportunities to form continued narrow glades between oppofite lines; the vacant fpaces are therefore chiefly irregular openings fpreading every way, and great differences of diftance between the trees are the principal variety : but the grove winds along the bank of a large river, on the fide and at the foot of a very fudden afcent, the upper part of which FAR 85 which is covered with wood. In one place it prefles dofe to the covert 3 retires from it in another; and in a third flretches acrofs a bold recefs, which runs up high into the thicket. 'The trees foinetimes overfpread the flat below ; lome'rimes leave an open fpace to the river j at other times crown the brow of a large kuoie, climb up a deep, or hang on a gentle declivity. Thefe varieties in the fituation more than compenfate tor the want of variety in the difpofition of the trees j and the many happy cir- cumftances which concur In Efher's peaceful grove, Where Kent and Nature vie for Telham's love, render this little fpot more agreeable than any at Claremont. The wood in the park is well difpofed, and confilts of fine oak, elm, and other trees ; and the whole country round appears finely fliaded with wood. The grand floor of the houfe is elegantly finiflied, and confilts of hx. rooms. In the great parlour are the portraits of Mr. Pelham, Sir Robert Walpole, afterwards Earl of Orford, Lord Town(hend,Dukeof Rutland, the lateDukeof Devonshire, and the late Duke of Grafton ; a picture of the late Lady Catherine Pelham and her fon is over the chimney. In the drawing-room over the chimney there is a picture of King Charles II. when only eleven years old, by Vandyke. The library is curioufly finifhed, and there is a good collection of books in it. Some fay it was at this houfe Cardinal Woli'ty was firft ieized by order of Henry VIIT. on his refufmg to annul his marriage with Queen Catherine, that he might marry Ann Boleyn, and which refufal brought on his fall. EVENY FARM, in Middlefex, is fituated between the ftreams of the Coin, on the north fide of Stains, and belongs to the Dean and Chapter of Weftminiler. EWEL, a town near Epfom in Surry, fourteen miles from London. Here a plentiful fpring breaks out in feveral differ- ent fpots, and becomes the head of a fine ftream as clear as cryftal, that runs over Epfom meadows, and falls into the Thames at Kingiton. It has a market on Thurfdays, and two annual fairs. Here is the feat of Sir George Glyn, Bart. F FAIRY-HILL, the villa of the Right Honourable the Earl Bathurit, near Eltham, in Kent. It is furrounded by very pleafant grounds, which have received great additional beauty from his Lordfhip's improvements. FARMINGHAM, an airy, pleafant village in Kent, eighteen miles from London, in the road to Maidilone. FARNHAM- 86 F O O FARNHAM ROYAL, a village in Buckinghamfhlre, two miles from Maidenhead. The owner of this manor formerly held it by the fervice of fitting the King's right hand with a glove on the coronation-day, and to fupport his left arm while he held the fceptre. FETCHAM, a village near Leatherhead, where is the feat of Sir George Warren, Knight of the Bath, on which no coft has- been fpared to render a molt beautiful fituation by nature more delightful by art. FINCHLEY, a village in Middlefex, between Henden and Coneyhatch, is feven miles north of London. It has a charity- fchool. Here was a fuperb palace built by Henry VIII. called Nonfuch, which Charles II. gave his favourite miftrefs the Du- chefs of Cleveland, who pulled it down and fold the materials ; r and a large farm-houfe has been made out of part of its ruins, and the gardens turned into corn-fields. FITZROY-FARM, a beautiful ruftic villa near Highgate, in Middlefex, belonging to Lord Southampton. The grounds around it are happily difpofed, and the whole is kept in the higheft cultivation of the ferme orr.ee.- FOOTS CRAY PLACE, in Kent, about twelve miles from. London, was the feat of Bouchier Cieve, Efq. and was built by himfelf, after a design of Palladio, of the Ionic order, and is very elegant. It was afterwards the property of Sir George Yonge,. who married Mr. Cleve's daughter} but it now belongs to. Benjamin Karence, Efq. The original defign had four porucos,. .three of which are filled up to get more room. The hall is oclo- gonal, and has a gallery round, which conveys you to the bed- chambers. It is enlightened from the top, and is very beautiful. The edifice is built of ftone, but the offices, which are on each jide at fome dilbnce, are brick. The houfe ftands on a rifing ground, with a gradual defcent from it till you come to the water, which from the houfe appears to be a fro all liver gliding along through the whole length of the ground ; and in that part of the water which is oppofite to the houfe, there is a fine cafcade conftantly flowing out of it : but this water, which appears to be fuch a pretty natural (tream, is in reality artificial, and is brought from the river Cray, which runs juft by. When the canal or exit, which is made through the ground to receive the water from the river, is full, it forms the cafcade before the houfe, by flowing over in that place, and the furplus water, being inltantly buried in the ground, is again conveyed away under r his cut or canal to the main ftream. The chief beauty of the ground about the houfe confills in its fimplicity.. it being entirely without ornament, and the whole of it a kind of lawn, having little be- fides the plain turf. The fituation is pleafant, and the profptct from G I D 87 from the houfe very good. The difpofition of the rooms within the houfe appear to be very convenient, and the feveral apartments Sre elegantly finiftied, and fuitably furnifhed. The gallery, which extends the whole length of the north front of the houfe, is a very grand room, and is filled with pictures by the mod eminent m afters ; and there are feveral other good pieces of this kind in the dining-room and parlour. FROGMORE, nearWindfor, the feat of the late Duchefs Dowager of Northumberland, lately purchafed by Sir Edward WalpoJe, Knight of the Bath. FULF1AM, a village four miles from London, on the fide of the Thames, over which it has a wooden bridge to Putney ; for the pafTmg of it, not only horfes, coaches, and other carriages, but alfo foot pafiengers pay toll. The manor of Fulham is the demefnc of the Bifhops of London, and has been fo ever fince the time of William the Conqueror 5 and here they have a palace. GADDESDEN, in Hertford (hire, 26 miles from London. Here is a fine houfe, lately built by Thomas Halfcy, Efq. one of the members for this county, for his country reiidence. The park is not large, but handfome. The houfe, (landing upon a hill, commands a fine view over Berkhamftead, Tring, &c. GATTON, a very fmall borough in Surry, eighteen miles from London, under the fide of a hill in the ro3d to Ryegate. This is a very ancient town ; and, from the Roman coins and other antiquities found here, is fuppofed to have been well known to the Romans : but though it is a borough by prefcription, and has fent members to parliament ever fince the 29th of Henry VI, and though it was formerly a large and populous place, it now refembles a very mean village, it having only a fmall church, and neither a fair nor market. The members are returned by its conftable, who is annually chofen at the Lord of the Manor's court. The manor and park now belong to Lord Newhaven, who purchafed them of Sir George Colebrooke. This p.irifh is famous for a quarry of white ftone, which, though very foft, will endure the fire admirably well, but neither the fun nor the air 5 on which account it is much ufed for glafs-houfes, and by che- niifts and bakers. GERRARD's CROSS, a village in Buckinghammue, between Uxbridge and Beaconsfield. Here is a charity fchool, built and endowed by the late Duke of Portland, for 20 boys and 15 girls, who are taught and cloathed, and two of the children put out apprentices every year. Near this place is alfo a fine feat of the Duchefs Dowager of Portland. GIDEAHALL, near Rumford, in EfTex, the handfome feat of William Benyon, Efq. GOD- SS G R • A GODSTONE is a fmall town in Surry, abotft twenty miles from Lon ion, and l.es in the great SufTex road. It has its name from its excellent (tone quarries. In its neighbourhood is Mar- den, the fine feat and park of Sir Robert Clayton, Bart. GORHAMBURY, a little to the weft of St. Alban's, was formerly the paternal eftate of the great Francis Bacon, Lcrd Verulam, and Vifcount of St. Alban's, and is now the feat of the Lord Vifcount Grimfton. It is a very fuperb fpecimen of the ©Id architecture. GRAVESEND, a town in Kent, diftant zz miles from Lon- don, and feven from Dartford and Rochefter. Its fituation on the banks of the Thames, and being the firft port in that river, renders it very advantageoufly placed for trade. The parifhes of Gravefend *nd Milton were incorporated in the tenth year of Queen Elizabeth, and ars governed by a Mayor, twelve Jurats, and twenty-four Common Councilman. It has a market every Wednefday and Saturday; and a fair on the 23d of April and 24'h of October. The manor of Gravefend being in the poffeffton of the Abbofof Tower- Hill, he obtained of Richard the Second a grant to the men of Gravefend and Milton of the exclufive pri- vilege of conveying paffengers from thence to London, on the conditions that they mould provide boats on puipofe, and carry all perfons, either at two-pence per head with his bundle, or the whole boat's fare mould be four (hillings. This charter has been confirmed by fucceeding Princes, and under proper regula- tions they (till enjoy this advantageous privilege. The fare is now nine-pence each paffenger. The boats are large and com- modious, and much improved within thefe few years ; they are obliged to depart on the ringing of a bell a quarter of an hour: they go to London with every flood, and return from Billingfgate, on the like fignal, with every ebb. Coaches attend the arrival of the boats, to convey paffengers to Rochefter, Chatham, &c. at js. 6d. each. In the year 1380 this town was burnt, and feveral of the inhabitants carried away, by the French and Spaniards, who came up the Thames in row-gallies. For its better fecurity, Henry VIII. raifed a platform of guns to the eaft of the town, and erected a fort directly oppofite at Tilbury, on the Eflex more, which is a regular fortification, has a battery commanding the river, mounted with upwards of one hundred pieces of cannon, carrying balls from 24. to 461b. weighs Queen Elizabeth ordered the Lord Mayor of London, the Aldermen, and all the Companies, to receive all eminent (trangers and embafladors at Gravefend, in their formalities, and attend them to London in their barges, if they went by water; if they went by land, they were to meet them on horfeback, in their^ gowns, on Blackheath. In the year 1727 the church and great part G R E S§ part of the town were confumed by fire. Soon after this difafter, the prelent elegant rfru6ture for divine worfliip was erecled, to- wards the expence of which King George II. contributed liberally. The town houfe, where all the public bufinefs is tranfacled, is fituated near the middle of the High (treet, on the eaft fidej it was erected in 1764, and is an ornament to the town. In 1771 the inha- bitants, with great public fpirit, applied to the l^giflature for, and obtained, an act for new paving and lighting the ttreets ; and to this acl they owe their prefent commodious and agreeable ap- pearance. All outward-bound whips are obliged to cart anchor before the town, till they have been examined by and obtained proper clearances from iearchers appointed for that pnrpofe, who have an office near the Town- Key. A centinel is aiib Rationed at the block houfe below the town, to give notice, by the firing of a mulket, when lhips are coming up the river, who are obliged to receive on board officers from the cuftoms, a number of which are conllantly waiting here for that purpoie. — The gardens round this town are fo rich, that they not only fupply the fhipping with every kind of gatden-fluff they Hand in need of, but fend gre.U quantities to London : the afparagus in par- ticular is remarkably excellent. The town is alio well fupplied with fifh. The remains of an ancient chapel, which belonged to the nuns of Grace, is the only obj-ft in this dirhicl that wears the face of antiquity : fome thick walls and Gothic arches are entire ; and a receptacle for holy water, (till to be feen in the cellar, proves this ftruclure to have been appropriated to religious purpofes. A tavern now occupies the Ipot where this facred edifice once flood ; adjoining to which is a bowling green, that commands a very delightful profpeel of that part of the Thames called the Hope, with leveral miles beyond it. GRAY's THURROCK, a town in Eflex, nineteen miles from London, fo called from its ancient Lords, the Grays o*f Codnor. It has a very good market for corn and cattle on Thurfday, and two annual fairs. GREENWICH, a very pleafant town in Kent, fituated fix miles from London, has been the birth-place of feveral of our monarchs, particularly Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth ; and here King Edward VI. died. A palace was erected at this place by Humphry Duke of Gloucester, who named it Placentia. This palace was erected by Henry VII. and completed by Henry VIII. but. being afterwards fuffered to run to ruin, was pulled down by King Charles II. who began another, a mod magnificent edifice, and lived to fee the firft wing finifhed. See Green wich Hospital. King Charles II. alfo enlarged the park, walled it round, planted 90 G R E planted ft, and caufed a royal obfervatory to be erected on the top of the fteep of the hill. This edifice his Majefty erected for the ufe of the celebrated Mr. Flamftead, and it (till retains the name of that great aftronomer : his Majefty likewife furr.ifhed it with inathi matical inftruments for altronomical obfervations, and a deep dry well for obierving the ftars in the day-time. That which is properly the palace here, is an edifice of no great extent, and it is now converted into apartments for the Go- vernor of the Roy? I Hofpital, and the Ranger of the park. This park is well flocked with deer, and affords, fays the ingenious Mr. Young, as much vaiiety, in proportion to its fize, as any in the kingdom j but the views from the Obfervatory and the One- tree hill are beautiful beyond imagination, particularly the for- mer. The projection of thefe hills is fo bold, that you do not look down upon a gradually falling Hope or flat inclofures, but at once upon the tops of branching trees, which grow in knots and clumps out of deep hollows and imbrowning dells. The cattle which feed on the lawns, which appear in breaks among them, feem moving in a region of fairy land. A thoufand na- tural openings among the branches cf the trees break upon little piclurefque views of the fuelling furf, which, when illumined by the fun, have an effect p!eafir\g beyond the power of fancy to exhibit. This is the fore- ground of the landfcape : a little far- ther, the eye falls en that noble ftni&ure the hofpital, in the midft of an amphitheatre of wood ; then the two reaches of the river make that beautiful Terpentine which forms the Ifle of Dogs, and prefects the floating millions of the Thames. To the left appears a fine tract of country leading to the capital, which there fin i flies the prcfpe6t. Greenwich is fsid to contain 1350 houfes. Its parifli-church, which has been lately rebuilt by the Commiffioners for erecting the fifty new churches, is a very handfome ftruclure, dedicated to St. Alphage, Archbifhop of Canterbury, who is laid to have been (lain by the Danes in the year ioi2,on the fpot where the church now ftands. There is a college at the end of the town, fronting 'the Thames, for the maintenance of twenty decayed old houfe- keepers, twelve out of Greenwich, and eight who are to be al- ternately chofen from Snottifham and Caftle-Rifing, in Norfolk. This is called the Duke of Norfolk's College, though it was founded and endowed, in 1613, by Henry Earl of Northampton, the Duke of Norfolk's brother, and by him committed to the care of the Mercers Company. To this college belongs a chapel, in which the Earl's body is laid, which, as well as his monument, was removed hither a few years ago from the chapel of Dover Caftle. The penfioners, befides meat, drink, and lodging, are allowed is. 6d. a week, with a gown every year, linen once in two years, and hats once in four years. la G R E 91 In the year 1560, Mr. Lambert, author of the Perambulation of Kent, alio built and founded an hoi'pital, called Queen Eliza- beth's College, faid to be the firft erected by an Englilh Proteftant. There are likewife two charity- fchools in this parifh, one founded by Sir William Boreman, Knight, for twenty boys, who are cloathed, boarded, and taught $ they wear green coats and caps : and the other by Mr. John Roan, who left his eftate for teaching alio twenty boys reading, writing, and arithmetic, and allowing li. per annum for each boy's cloaths. Thefe wear grey coals. The river Thames is here very broad, and the channel deep ; and at fome very high tides the water is fait, though it is ufually fweet and frefli. GREbNWICH HOSPITAL (lands on the fpot where was the palace of feveral of our Kings. The fhft wing of this no- ble and fuperb edifice, erected by King Charles II. was deligned to be applied to the fame ufe. Indeed, from the magn ; ficence of the ftruciure, it can fcarcely be taken for any thing lefs than the palace of a great monarch. However, King William III. being very defirous of promoting the trade, navigation, and naval ftrength of this kingdom, by inviting great numbtts of his fub- jecls to betake themlelves to the lea, gave this noble palace, and feveral other edifices, with a conliderable fpot of ground, for the ufe of thofe Englifh feamen and their children, who by age^ wounds, or other accidents, mould be difabled from farther fer- vice at fea, and for the widows and children of luch as were (lain in fighting at fea againlt the enemies of their country. King William, alfo, by his letters patent, in 1694., appointed commif- fioners for the better carrying on his pious intentions, and therein delired the afiiftance of his good fubject?, as the neeeffity of his affairs did not permit him to advance lo confiderable a Aim to- wards this work as he defired. In conformity to this requeft, many benefactions w re made both in that and the fucceeding reigns to this noble charity, which, according to the tables hung up at the entrance of the hall, amount to 58,2091. and after- wards the ellate of the Earl of Derwentwater, who bore a prin- cipal part in the rebellion in 17 15, amounting to 6000I. per annum, was given by Parliament to this hofpital. The firff range had colt King Charles II. 36,000!. and another was ordered to be built on the fame model : this has been completed with equal magnificence, and the whole ftructure entirely finilhed. The front to the Thames confifts of thefe two ranges of ftone buildings, with the Governor's houfe at the back part in the centre, behind which the park, well planted with trees, rifes with a noble afcent. Thefe buildings, between which is a large area, perfectly correfpond with each other, and each range is terminated by a very noble iiomQ. In 9* G R E In each front to the Thames, two ranges of coupled Corinthian columns, finely wrought, fupport their pediments, and the fame order is continued in pilaiters along the building. The pro- jection of the entablatures gives an agreeable divcrlity of light and thade. In the centre of each part, between thefe ranges of Corinthian columns, is the door, which is of the Doric order, and adorned shove with a tablet and pediment. Within the height of thefe lofty columns are two feries of windows, enlight- ening two floors. The undermoff, which are the i'maileit, have ruftic cafes crowned with pediments ; while the upper feries, which are larger and more lofty, are adorned with the orders, and with upright pointed pediments. Over thefe is an Attic ft cry j the entablature of the Corinthian columns and pilarlers fuppoits a regular Attic courfe, the pilaiters of this oid;r riling over every coiumn and pilafter of the Corinthian below, between which the windows are regularly dilpofed j and the top is crowned with a handfome balustrade. The buildings, which are continued from thefe, and face the area, correfppnd with them, though in a finer and more elegant manner. In the centre of both is a range of columns fupporting a pediment, and at each corner a range of Corinthian pilaiters. The front is rufticatedj and there are two feries of windows. The domes at the end, which are 120 feet high, are fupporred on coupled columns, as are the porticos below $ and under one of thefe is the chapel, which iz adorned on the infide with the great eft elegance and beauty. On- the hues of the gate which opens to thefe buildings from the park, are placed a large terreftrial and celeitial globe, in which the liars are gilt j and in the centre of the area is fixed, on a pedeftal, a flatue of his Majefty King George II. The hall of this hofpital is finely painted by Sir James Thorn- hill, particularly the cieling and upper end j and the following is a particular defcription thereof: The Cupola. In the centre is a compafs, with its proper points duly bearing. In the coving or dim of the cupola are the four Winds painted in ftone colour, in alto relievo, with their different attitudes. Eurus, or the Eaft Wind, arifing out of the Eaft, winged, with a lighted torch in his right hand, as bringing light to the earth j with his left-hand he feems to pufh the morning ltar out of the firmament : the demi figures and boys which form the group, fhew the morning dews that fall before him. Aulter, or the South Wind, his wings dropping water, is pre/Ting forth rains from a bag, the little boys near him throwing about thunder and lightning. Zephyrus, or the Weft Wind, accompanied by little Zephyrs with 5 co 500 G R E 9$ V/ith bafkets of flower* fcattering them around him : the figure playing on the flute, fignifies the joy and pleafure of the fpring i'cafon. Boreas, or the North Wind, with dragon's wings, d-notinghis fury: his boifterous companions are Ringing about hailftoncs, fnow, &c. The three Sides of the Cupola. Over the three doors are large oval tables, with the name-: in gold letters of inch benefactors as have given one hundred pounds or upwards towards the building of this charitable foundation. Names of Bentfafrors. King William III. 19>500 Arcubiihop of Canterbury — 206 Lord Somers — — . Earl of Pembroke — Duke of Shrewfbury — 500 Earl of Portland — — — 250 Lord Godolphin — — . — 2co Sir Stephen Fox . . . . 200 Sir John Trevor — — 200 Lord Chief Juftice Holt — — ico Queen Anne — — _ 6.172 Ralph Thurlbv, Efqj . . 5 oo Thomas Blackmore, Efqj 100 John de la Fontain, Efqj — — 2000 Benjamin Overton, Efqj - 300 Sir James Bateman - J03 James Taylor, Gent. i OS Robert Ofbolfton, Efqj — — 20,000 Sir John Cropley — — 2000 Mr. Evelyn — — 200O John Evelyn, Ei'qj — 1000 Sir Thomas Lane — — JO o Sir John Houbion — 100 Lord Chief Jnltice Treby , JOO Sir Patience Ward — Sir William Afhurft Sir Richard Onflow — Richard Smith, Efqj — _ I2 6 Eliz iheth Bridges — — , 100 Sir Joftiua Child — ____ . , 00 Brokes Bridges, Efqj » gr There are many other leffer benefa&ionj, which are regiflered in a book for that purpofe. Thefe JOO TOO TOO 94 G R E Thefe tables are adorned with demi-feraphimsj who extend their wings over them and denote Mercy. Each table is attended by two charity-boys, as if carved in white marble, fitting on great corbels pointing up to the figure of Charity, in a niche, intimating that what money is given there is for their fupport. N. B. Out of all that is given for (hewing the halls, only three- pence in the milling is allowed to the perfon that /hews them } the reft makes an excellent fund for the yearly maintenance of not lefs than twenty poor boys, who are the fens of mariners that have bten either flain or difabled in the fervice of their country. Out of this fund thefe boys are entirely provided for, are cloathed, fed, and are alfo taught fuch a mare of mathematical learning as fits them out to the fea fervice, and coniequently helps to make a perpetual fuppiy of fkiiful feamen, who are the fafeguard of our country. Explanation of the Great-Hall. In the middle of the great oval, under a canopy of Mate, and attended by the four cardinal virtues, are King William and Queen Mary, Concord fitting between, Cupid holding the fceptre while King William prefents Peace and Liberty to Europe, and tramples on Tyranny and Arbitrary Power. Underneath is a figure of Architecture holding a drawing of part of the hofpital, and pointing up to the royal founders. Near them is Time bringing Truth to light : below them are Wifdom and Virtue, reprefented by Pallas and Hercules, deftroy- ing Calumny, Dei raff ion, and Envy, with other vict'o. In the circumference of the oval are the twelve figns of the Zodiac with their proper attitudes, over which prelide the four feafons of the year : Spring or Flora, over Aries, Taurus, Gemini. Summer or Ceres, over Cancer, Leo, Virgo. Autumn or Bacchus, over Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius. Hyems or Winter, over Capricornus, Aquarius, Pifces. Apollo on high, drawn by four white liorfes, the Hours, foe. flying round him, Dews falling before him, going his celeftial courfe through the J& diac, and giving light to the whole cieling. The oval frame is (imported by ftone figures, and grouped with all forts of marine trophies in Hone colour. Each end of the cieling Admiral of the Britifli Seas. Neptune is attended by Tiitons, and other deities of the fea, bunging *>s G R E bringing their refpeclive offerings, while Juno or the Air, and /Eoius, god of the winds, are commanding a calm. In the covings are the four quarters of the world, Europe, Afia, Africa, and America, with their feveral attitudes, &c. admiring our maritine power. Tn the angles of the coving are the arms of England, Scot- land, France, and Ireland, adorned with great ftftoons of fea fhells, trophies of war, vaft pots of flowers, which embellifh the compartments, See. On the left-hand fide as you enter the Upper Hall, in the gr^at baffb relievo, heightened with goJd, is. the Revolution, or the Landing of the Prince of Orange, who is welcomed on more by Britannia, attended by Reafon of State, and Love of her Country. Behind this glorious prince is Neptune, Amphitrire, Sec. giv- ing up their great charge, little Cupids riding in the fails. Over the prince's head is a figure that fignifies Good Omen 5 Jupiter or Divine Power holding a fcroll, on which is this motto, " Anglorum fpes magna." On the right-hand over the chimney is the Accefiion or Land- ing of King George at Greenwich j on hfs right-hand is Peace, on his left-hand Happinefs ; he is led on by Truth and Juftice, Religion and Liberty ; before him fails Rebellion. St. George, the tutelar faint of England, attends his facred car, treading on a flain dragon. Over his head is Eternity, holding an immortal crown to reward good princes, Fame flying before him founding his praife. At a diftance is a view of part of the royal Hofpital, with crowds of people rejoicing at his Majefly's happy arrival. On the Great Front, Is Mercury, meffenger of the gods, defcending, who with one hand points to the family of George I. and with his other to this motto above in the frize. «* Jam nova progenies coelo," &c. Angels, Cupids, &c. drawing the curtain, and opening the fcene, where bis Majtfty is fitting, and leaning on a terreftrial globe, as Providence defcends and puts the fceptre into his hands. On his right-hand is Prudence, reprefented by the Princefs of Wales; alio Concord with the faftes, by the Queen of Pruflia. Over the king's head is Aftrea, with her balance returning to the earth, which is reprefented by Cybele, or the Princefs Sophia. Under Aftrea are little Cupids with this motto. " Jam redit et virgo," &c. alluding to Juftice and the Golden Age reftored, who is on her right-hand pouring forth riches, Sec. from a cornucopia. Over all is a figure holding a pyramid, which fignifies Stability, or the glory of princes. On G R E 97 On his Majefty's knee leans Prince Frederick; by him his Royal Highnefs the Prince of Wales, on whofe left-hand is a figure reprefenting Naval Victory with a trident, roftral crown, palm, and laurel, holding a vaft fcroll, on which are recorded feveral of the gallant Englifh aclions at fea. Peace and Plenty are offering at his Majefty's feet; the little genii of Painting, Poetry, and Mufic, reprefented by the three young princefTes ; round the cornucopia are Prince VVilliam and his other fifters playing with a dove, (hewing the love and har- mony in this illuftrious family. Sir James Thornhill, the painter, on the right-hand. Great variety of Cupids are flying with vaft feftoons of flowers*, wreathing them round the columns : fome biinging baflcets, others throwing flowers into the vafes, which are in great golden altars, fending forth incenfe, between the pillars; all together denoting the extraordinary joy on this great occafion. As you go out of the hall, on the left-hand of the arch, in baffo relievo heightened with gold, is fliewn that our tiade, commerce, and public wealth, are chiefly owing to our navy ; Britannia pointing to a figure denoting the Public Weal, while Mercury points to the ftern of a /hip, on the enfign of which is written, « Salus Publica;" Plenty underneath pouring riches into the lap of Commerce, who is fitting on bales of goods, &c. holding a rudder, the emblem of Navigation. On the right-hand fide of the arch is reprefented the Britifh Power, by Britannia holding the trident between Oceanus and Cybele, pointing to a figure leaning on a pillar, which Signifies Public Security : by her is a man of war, where there is this motto, " Securitas Publica." All thefe bafTo- relievo's are fupported by Tritons, and all the bafements adorned with trophies marine. All ftrangers who fee this hall pay two- pence each, and this income is applied to the fupport of the mathematical fchool for the fons of failors, as before obferved. For the better fupport of this hofpital, eveiy feaman in the royal navy and in the fervice of the merchants pays 6d. a month. This is ftopped out of the pay of all failors, and delivered in at the Sixpenny Receiver's office on Tower-hill. And therefore a feaman who can produce an authentic certificate of his being dif- abled, and rendered unfit for the fea-fervice, by defending any ihip belonging to his Majefty's Britiih fubjecls, or in taking any lhip from the en"my, may be admitted into this hofpital, and receive the fame benefit from it, as if he had been in his Majefty's immediate fervice, E There $8 G U B There are at prefent near 2000 old or difabled teamen*, and «oo -boys, the Tons of Teamen, inftrucled in navigation, and bred up for the few ice of the royal navy ; but theie are no out-penfioners, 3s at Chelfea, Each of the mariners has a weekly allowance of i'evcn loaves, weighing fixteen ounces each r, three pounds of beef; two of mutton 5 a pint of peafe j a pound and a quarter of .chcefe; two ounces of butter } fourteen quarts of beer, and is. a week tobacco money : the tobacco-money of the boatfwains is ■as.. 6d. a week each; that of their mates is.£d. and that of the other officers in proportion to their rank* betides which, eac'u .common pensioner receives, once in two years, a iuit of blue .cloaths, a hat, three pair of ftockir.gs, two p^ir of fhees, five aieck-cloths, three fiiirts. and two night caps. This hofpital has about 100 governors, compofed of the no- bility, great officers of itate, and perfons in high polls under the King. The principal officers of the houfe, with their annual Claries, are, The Governor — £ 1000 Lit wtenanr-Goyernor — 300 Treafurer — — 200 Three Captains, each — 200 Six Lieutenants, each — — 100 Two Chaplains, each — 100 A Ptiyfician and Surgeon, each — 200 A Clerk of the Cheque — — 100 Auditor — • — > — 1 00 •GROSVENOR SQUARE, one of the fineft fquares in the city of Wefitniniter, inhabited principally by the nobility: the c-nrre is adorned with gravel walks, a fhrubbery of ever-greens, Sec. and an equeltrian ftatue of the late king. This fituation is faid to be higher than the top of the Monument. GROVE, near Watford, Her t ford Oi ire, the feat of the pre- fent Earl of Clarendon, who has greatly improved the houfe and park, and made many additions in plantations, buildings, Sec. GUBBIMS, or GOBIONS, near North Mims, in Heitford- fhire, had its name from its ancient Lord Sir Richard Gobion. In the reign of Henry VII. it belonged to the family of the Mores, when it was called More Hall ; bat, 0J1 the attainder of the great Sir Thomas Mor«, Lord High Chancellor of England, it was forfeited to the Cro.ws, and fettled on the Pj-incefs, afterward* Quten Elizabeth, who held it till her deash. it afterwards came into the pofl&lion of fevcral families, and was at length purchafed bv the lare Sir jenmy Sambroke. The manor* houfe and gar- dens are very beautiful, the latter of which have been thus dtC- (i'.h:<\ ', ~ "Cicfling the road which leads to Gobion's houfe, and fuo» G U B 99 Toon a'frrr turning to the left, we entered a delightful path, which •conduced us into a charming wood. This walk is irregularly cut through the underwood, but the lofty o;-ks which overt! it are not difturhed. After this labyrinth we came fuddeniy into a nioft delightful fpot. It is a perfect rotunda, of about the fame diameter with the ring in Hyde- Park. Here the underwood is intirely taken away ; but the oak trees, which are very ftraight, and vaftly high, remain intire. There are a great many, and the ground between them is intirely covered with a thick fhort mofs of the colour of gold. The whole is furrounded by a gravel walk about eight feet wide. On one fide is a large alcove. Oppofite to the place ef our entrance into this recefs is another a which brought us to a large alcove, iituated at the end of an ob- long piece of water, on each tide of whole banks arc fine gravel walks, lined with rows of trees. This pond is fo formed, that 2 part of it is deep, and therefore the bottom not eafily ften, but the other part is mallow; and it may be filled and emptied (as may the other refervoirs here) at pleaiure. The grafs at the bot- tom, when covered with water, hath a fine effect. From this alcove we have a view over th? water to a fine large figure of Time, rifirig from the b'a'fe^ with his wings pr i High', »)\A holding a la ge fun-dial in bis hands; beyond whom, in rough a villa, the eye is led to an ohelifk at a cohfiderable dis- tance beyond the garden's. Ltav'ngthb fpot, we turned to the right through a beautiful walk of trees that ltd to the houfe; the front is towards the wood j from tvhence we were conducted through a moft fuperb and elegant walk, which terminated at a funimer houfe, built of wood in the lattice manner, and painted green. We then turned to the left through meandering walks cut through the underwood (the oaks alfo here being intire) to a grotto, which having palled, a large arch prefents itielf acrofs the walk, and through it we behold a cafcade. Continuing onwards, we turned to the right, when a winding walk brought us to a feat where the cafcade has a more ditlant found. This is a very contemplative fituation. From this feat a walk brought us to a good Ratue of Hercules, in a leaning pofition; from whence, through a verdant arch, appears a beautiful canal, at the end of which is an handforae temple, whofe front is fuppcrted by four pillars. In th i s temple are two butlos of Mifs Sambrokes, the two ladies who are now pofleflbrs of this delightful place. On one fide this canal is a Roman gladiator, very well executed. Leaving the canal, weafcended a ftraight walk, which brought us on the left hand to a Cleopatra, as Rung with an afp. This figure (lands on a pedeftal, in a meadow at fomedidance-j and on our right appeared a very large and beautiful urn. The fox of o«r walk terminated at a large oak, from whence there is a vi v, £ * ovj ioo H A C over the canal juft mentioned, to the gladiator, and frorrl thence through a grove to a lofty pigeon-houfe. Turning to the right, we came to a neat and retired bowling-green, at one end of which is the urn before mentioned, at the other a fummer-houfe full of orange and lemon trees. On one fide of the green is a ftatue of Venus, and on the other one of Adonis. Leaving this place, we gently dtfeended, through feme pleafant and regular walks, to the figure of Time already noticed, from whence we came again to the piece of water fir ft above mentioned." GUNNERSBURY BOUSE, near Ealing, the refidence of the Princefs Amelia j a noble and elegant ftructure, built by Inigo Jones, or, as fome fay, by Mr. Web, who was fon in-law to Inigo Jones. Indeed, the architecture (hews, that, if the plan was not diawn by that celebrated architect himfelf, it was defigned by fome of his fcholars j for the building has that ma- jeftic boldnefs and fimplicity which grace all the works of that excellent artilt. It is lituated on a rifing ground ; the approach to it from the garden is remarkably fine. The loggia has a beautiful appearance at a diftance, and commands a fine profpect of the county of Surry, of the river Thames, and of all the meadows on its banks for fome miles, and in clear weather of even the city of London. The apartments are extremely convenient, and well contrived. The hall, which is large and fpacious, is on each fide fupported by rows of columns, and from thence you afcend by a noble flight of ftairs to a faloon, which is a double cube of 25 feet high, and moft elegantly furnifhed. This fine room has an entrance into the portico on the back front, which is fupported by columns, and, from the finenefs of the profpect over the Thames, is a de- lightful place to fit in during the afternoon in the fummer feafon j for it beir.g contrived to face the fouth-eaft, the fun never fliines on it after two o'clock ; but, extending its beams over the country, enlivens the beautiful landfcape that lies before this part of the edifice. Her Royal Highnefs has greatly improved and enlarged the gardens ; feveral beautiful fields have been added to them, fome very elegant buildings erected, and the whole much enriched with walks and plantations in the modern tafte. H. HACKNEY, a village in Middlefex, on the north-eaft fide of London, is a very large and populous village, inhabited by fuch rtumbers of merchants and wealthy perfons, that it is faid here are near one hundred gentlemen's coaches kept. The parifh has feveral hamlets belonging to it, amongft which are Clapton on the north, Dorlefton and Shacklewell on the weft, and Ho- Kurton, which leads to Hackney Marfh, on the eaft In this village HAM 101 village are two meeting -houfes, viz. a new Prefbyterian meeting near the church, and an Independent meeting in Mare-ftreet; befides a Prefbyterian meeting- houfe at Clapton. There are alfo feveral boarding- fchools, a free-fchool, a charity- fchool, and feveral alms-houfes. Hackney church was a diftincl rectory and vicarage in the year j 292, and dedicated to St. Auguitine; but the Knights Templars having obtained a mill and other pofleflions in the parifh, they were, upon the fuppreflion of their order, granted to the Knight* Templars of St. John of Jerufalem, from whom the church is fuppofed to have received the preterit appellation of St. John : however, it was not pre fen ted to by that name till after the year j 660. It is in the gift of the Lord of the manor, but in eccle- fiaftical affairs is fubjeet to the Bifhop of London. At the bottom of Hackney Marfh there were difcovercd, fome years fmce, the remains of a great (tone caufeway, which, by the Roman coins found there, appears to have beenone of the fa- mous highways made by the Romans. HALSTEAD, a village in Kent, between Cray and Sevenoak, near which is the feat of the Duke of Richmond, called Halftead Place. HAM (EAST), a village in Eflex, fouth-eaft of Plaiftow, and fix miles from London. HAM (WEST), a village in ElTex, between Stratford (which is a hamlet of this parifh) and Little Ilford. HAM FARM is the feat of the Earl of Portmore, at Wey- bridge, in Surry. It is fituated between the Duke of NewcaifJe's and the late Mr. Southcote's. The houfe is a large handfome ftructure, built regularly of brick, with a fine lawn before the garden front. The grounds about it confitt of about 500 acres, 130 of which are laid out for pleafuie, befides a paddock of about 60 acres. Here is a fine command of water, there being two navigable rivers ; the Thames, which comes with a fine bending eourfe by the fide of the terrace; and the Wye, which runs di- rectly through i he pounds, and joins the Thames at the terrace. There is a fwing bridge over the Wye, which may be turned afule at pleafure, to let boats and other veffels pafs. The Wye is navigable up to Guildford, and other places. What is called the Virginia Water, runs from Windfor great park, and flows through Mr. Southcoie's grounds hither. The terrace next the Thames is beautiful ; and, though it lies upon a flat, there are fome good views from it, and from other parts of the gardens. This place was fir ft beautified by the Countefs of Dorchefter, in the reign of Jame? II. HAM HOUSE, near Richmond, in Surry, the feat of the Earl of Dyfart. It is fituated on the banks of the Thames, E 3 and lei HAM and ftrrounded by thofe beautiful walks, called Ham Walks, Co- much admired, fo generaH-y known, and' whicii have been lb often celebrated by the Britifh poets. HAMMERSMITH, a village in Middlefex, four miles weft from London. There are a number of handfome feats about it, efpecially towards the Thame?, among: whicii the moll remarkable is the late Lord J/Telcombe's, which is a very elegant houfe, and contains a g Jlery well worth a vifit from the man of tafle ©r cu;iofi;y. Jt h^s a church, a prefftyterian meeting houfe, two efcarity fchools, a work-houfe, and a kind of nunnery, or board- ing fchoo!, for Roman- Catholic young ladies. riAM'PSTEAD, a pleafant village hi Middiefex, fituated near the top of a hill, about four miles on the nsrth weft fide of London. Git the fummit of this hill is a heath, which is adorned with many gentlemen's houfes, and extends about a mile every v. sy, affording; a moft extenfive and delightful profpeel over the city as far as Shooer's Hiil, and into the counties all around it. This village ufed to be formerly rcfarted to fur its mineral wa- ters; and there is here a fine affembly-room for dancing- Its old ruinous church, which was a chapel belonging to the lord of the manor, has been pulled down, and a new one erected in it* room. There is, b.:fides, a handfome chapel near the wells, built by the contribution of the inhabitants, who are chiefly citizens and merchants of London j and alio a meeting houfe. It isob- (crvable, that, in the reign of King Henry VI i I. Hampftead was a poor place, chiefly inhabited by laundreffes, who warned for the inhabitants of the metropolis, HAMPTON COURT is delightfully fituated on the north hank of :he river Thames, about two miles from Kjngflon, and ;r a fin a 1 1 diftance from a village called Hampton. This palace- was magnificently built with brick by Cardinal Wolfey, who here ier up 280 61k beds for ftrangers only, and richly ftored it with. jrold and filver plate j but it raifed fo much envy againft him, that, to fcreen him felt from its effects, he gave it to King Henry Y III. who, in return, fufFered him to live in his palace at Rich> mond. King Henry greatly enlarged it, and it had then five i'pacious courts adorned with buildings, which in that age were lp greatly admired, by all foreigners as well as the natives, that tilt learned Grotius fays of this place, Si quis opes nefcit (fed quis tamen ille?) Britannas, Hamptincurta, tuas confulat ille Lares : C;ntuh tit toto cum fpa>rfa palatia mundo, Dicet, ibi Reges, hie habit are Deos. That is, « If HAM %c$ ,f If art]? one (but who can he be?) fhould not know what Britift* wealth is, let him repair to Harrp:on Court, 2 r, . I vi-hen h~ thai! have viewed a!l the palaces of the earth, he will fay, 'I hole are tlv3 refidences of Kings, but this of the Gods." In order to give a ftrongcr idci of this granjeur,- we (hall give a* description of the ornaments of this palace, us tluy appeared in ilis reign of Queen Elizabeth, frojn an author who defcrihe* what he himfelf faw. M The chief area, fays he, is paved with fquare trone; in its centra is a fountain that throws up water, covered with a giit crown, on the" top of which is a (ratue ofjuftce, fupported by columns of black and' white marble. The chapel of this p. lace is molt iplendid. in which' the Qjeen's clofct is quite traafpenenr,- having its windows of cryfi.il, We were led into two chambers c .lied the Prefence, or Chambers of Audience, which llione with tapcftTy of gold and hlver, and liik or different colours : under the canopy r>f Gate are thefe words emh».;idu - ed in pearl, Vivat HeNR-ICUS Octavus. Here is, btfides, a fmall chapel richly hung with tapeftry, where the Queen performs her devotion'. In her bedchamber the bed was covered with veiy cofily coverlids offilk. At no great tiifrance from this room we uer: fhevn a bed, t!u trailer of which was worked by Anne Boleyd, 2nd b*c» feoted by her to her hulband Hct.ty Vilf. All the other rooms, being very numerous, are adorned with tapeilry ot gold, fiiver, ami velvet, in fame of which were woven h;itory-pieces, in others Turkifh an<£ American c'rfiH^, all extremely natural.— — In the hall arc thefe cuti- ofuies ; a very cisar looking- glat's, ornamented with columns and li-tle- images of alabafler; a portrait of Edward VI. bro.her to Qwi-m bcth ; the true portrait of Lucretia; a picture of ihe hattic of Pa«ta,f the hiftory of Chrift's pafhon, carved in mother of pcari ; the portrait of Mary Queen of Scots ; the p which, according to tradition, were placed there by a certain King, who, difiiking its former name Hore- Church, fo called from its being built by a whore, in order to atone for her fins, altered its name by fetting up the horns. HORNSEY, a village in Middlefex, five miles from London. About a mile nearer this is a coppice of young trees, called Hornfey W;)od, at the entrance of which is a public houfe, to which great numbers of perfons refort from the city. Thi& houfe being fituated on the top of a hill, affords a delightful pro- fptcl of the neighbouring country. It is a long (haggling place, fituated in a low valley, but extremely pleafant, having the New River winding through it, which in fummer renders it pleafing to thofe who are confined in their employments in London during the week of bufinefs. The church is a poor, irregular building, and laid to have been built out of the ruins of an ancient caftle, which (food on a piece of ground called Lodge hill. Near it the New River is carried acrofs a valley in a wooden frame fupported by pillars. HOUNSLOW, a village ten miles north of London, on the edge n6 I N G edge of the heath of the fame name. There are here a chapel and a charity fchool. The weekly market is on Thurfday, and it has two annua] fairs. The town belongs to two parifhes, the north fide of the ftreet to Hefton, and the fouth to Ifleworth. In this place was formerly a convent of mendicant friars, who by their institution were to beg alms for the ranfom of captives taken by the infidels. On its diffoiution by King Henry VIII. that Prince gave it to the Lord Windfor, and it was afterwaids pur- chafed by Mr. Auditor Roan. HOXTON, near Shoreditch. This was for many ages a vil- lage, and in the Conqueror's Survey is named Hochefton ; but by the increafe of buildings it has been for fome time paft joined to this metropolis. I. 1DLESTRY, a village in Hertfordfhire, fituated on the very edge of Middlefcx, on the Roman Watiing-ftreet road, near Brockiey hill, by Stanmore, which affords a delightful profpeft acrofs MiddJefex over the Thames into Surry. JESSOP's WELL i3 a fulphureous fpring, fomething of the fame kind as that of Harrowgate, in Yorkfnirej it is about four miles from Epfom and Kingfton, in Surry. ILFORD GREAT and LITTLE, two villages in EfTex, where are fome agreeable houfes. They are iituatrd on each fide a river, between Barking and Wanftead. At Great Uford was formei ly an hcfpital. INGATSTONE, or ENGERSTONE, a town in EfTex, twenty three miles from London, from which it is a great tho- roughfare to Harwich. This is a place of great antiquity, and is mentioned in Doomfday-Book to belong to Barking. It has many good inns, and a confiderable market on Wednefdays for live cattle brought from Suffolk ; and it has a fair in November. Here is the feat of the ancient family of the Petres, to whofe anceftor, Sir William, this manor was granted by Henry VIII. at the diflolution of Barking Abbey, to which it till then belonged. That gentleman founded eight fellow/hips at Oxford, called the Fetrean felicw/hips, and erecied and endowed an afms- houfe here for twenty poor people. He lies interred under a ftately monu- ment in the church, as do feveral others of that family. INGRESS, in the parifh of Swanfcombe, in Kent, about nine- teen miles from London, is the elegant villa of the late John Cal craft, E.'q. The priorefs and nuns of Dartford were pof- ftfTed of this houfe, which devolved to the Crown on the diflo- lution of that religious community. From the time of the firft grant of it in fee by Queen Elizabeth, it has parted by fale to many proprietors. Jonathan Smith, Ei'q. who was owner of it in 1719, built a new front : after him the houfe belonged fuc- ceffively I 3 L 117 eeflively to the late Earl of Hyndford, to the prefent Earl of Befborough, then Lord Duncannon, and to the late Mr. Calcrafr, who added to the manfion a fpacious and elegant apartment, which commands a magnificent view of the river Thames. The plantations and other improvements in the grounds, formerly chalk, pits, on the weft fide of the houfe, were made by Lord Befborough, and thofe in the other parts by Mr. Calcraft, which are very confiderable, in a good tafte, and en create the beauty of this noble and commanding fituation. ISLE OF L}OGS, a part of Poplar marfli. When our So- vereigns had a palace at Greenwich, they uled it as a hunting feat, and, it is faid, kept the kennels for their hounds in this marfli, which lies on the other fide of the river : thefe hounds frequently making a great noife, the feamen and others called the place the Ifle of Dog?, though it is fo far from being an i/land, that it can fcarcely be called a peninfula. ISLEWORTH, or THISTLEWORTH, a village in Mid- dlefex, pleafantly fituated on the Thames, oppofite to Richmond. Here are two charity fchools ; and in its neighbourhood are the feats of feveral perfons of diftinction. ISLINGTON, a large village in Middlefex, on the north fide of London, to which it is almoft contiguous. It appears to have been built'by the Saxons, and in the time of William the Con- queror was called Ifendon or Ifledon. Beftdes the public-houfes heie, in common with other places near London, there are feveral that deferve notice, but none more fo than White- Conduit- Houfe, fo called from a white (tone conduit that ftands hefo-e the en- trance. It has handfome gardens laid out with great judgment, and the walks are very good, in the centre of which is a baf'on of water. Befidss others, it has two large rooms, one above another, for the entertainment of company at tea, &c. In the third field beyond the White-Conduit Houfe, there appears tc have been a fortrefs in former days, inciofed with a rampart and ditch, which is fuppofed to have been a Roman camp, made ufe of by Sueto- nius Paulinu c , after his retreat, which Tacitus mentions, from London, before he faliied thence and routed the Britons under Queen Boadicea; and that which is vulgarly, but erroneoufly, called Jack. Straw's caftle, in a fquare place in the fouthwtfl angle of the field, is fuppofed to have been the Roman General's tent. By the fouth-weft fide of this village is a fine refer voir called New River Head, which confifts of a large bafon, into which the New River difcharges itfelf : part of the water is from thence conveyed by pipes to London, while another Dart is thrown by an engine through ether pipes up hill to a refervoir, which lies much higher, in order to fupply the hightft parts of Londo/i, Near this, ci\ fling the great road, is a public garden and bowling- green, *i8 I S L green, formerly called Dobney's. Ponds have been made in the .garden, and thefe furrounded by alcoves and trees, which ren- ders the place extremely agreeable; and it is furprizing to fee •the number of its vifitants, efpecially on a Sunday. The church is one of the prebends of St. Paul's. The old Gothic ftruc~ture lately taken down was erecled in the year 1503, and flood till 175 1, when, it being in a ruinous condition, the inhabitants applied to Parliament for leave to rebuild it, and foon after erected the prefent ftruclure, which is a very fubftantial brick edifice, though it does not want an 2'r of liglunefs. The body is well enlightened, and the angles ftrengthened and deco- rated with a plain ruftic. The floor is raifed considerably above the level of the churchyard, and the door in the front is adorned ■with a portico, which conlifts of a dome, fupported by four Doric ■columns ; but both the door and the portico appear too fmall for the reft of the building. The fteeple confifts of a tower, which rifes fquare to a confuterable height, terminated by a cornice, fupporting four vales at the corners. Upon this part is placed an octangular baluftrade, from within which riles the bafe of the dome in the fame form, fupporting Corinthian columns, with their fhafts wrought with ruftic. Upon thefe rclls the dome, and from its crown rifes the fpire, which is terminated by a ball and its fane. Though the body of the church is very large, the roof is fupported without pillars, and the infide is extremely commo- ■dious, and adorned with an elegant plainnefs. This parifh is very extenfive, and includes Upper and Lower Holloway, three fides of Newington Green, and part of Kingf- land. There are in Illington two Independent meeting-houfes, and a charity fchool, founded in the year 16x3, by Dame Alice Owen, for educating thirty children : this foundation, together with that of a row of alms-houfes, are under the care of the Brewers company. There is here alio a fpring of chalybeate water, in a very pleafant garden, which for fome years was ho- noured by the conftant attendance of the Princefs Amelia, and many perfons of quality, who drank the waters. To this place, which is called New Ttinbridge- Wells, many people refort, par- ticularly during the fumrner, the price of drinking the waters being 10s. 6d. for the feafon. Near this place is a houfe of en- tertainment called Sadlei's Wells, where, during the fumrner feafon, people are amuled with balance-mafters, walking on the wire, lope-dancing, tumbling, and pantomime entertainments. Theie have, within thefe few years paft, been erecled leveral very good houfes here ; and in this pariih there are a great number of houies for the entertainment of genteel companies. KEN- KEN 119 K. KENNINGTON, a village near Lambeth, in Surry, and one of the eight precincts of that parifh. It was formerly a lordfliip belonging to John Earl Warren, in the 9th of Edward II. who, having no iffue, gave the inheritance to the King and his heirs 5 yet in the 15th of Edward III. it had been alienated, and was part of the ettate of Roger D'Amory, attainted for joining w-ith the feditious Lord?. Coming again into the King's hands, k was made a royal feat, and was the principal rehdence of Ed- ward the Black Prince. There is nothing remaining of this ancient feat but a building called Long Barn, which in the year 17C9 was one of the recep- tacles of the poor perfected Palatines. KENNING TON COMMON, a fmal! fpot of ground on the £de of the road to Camberwell, and about a mile and a half from London. Upon this fpot is the gallows for the county of Surry, but few have iuffered here of late years. Such of the rebels as were tried by the fpecial com million in 1746, and ordered for execution, Iuffered at this place j among whom were thofe who commanded the re^ini-nt railed at Manchefter, for the ufe of the Pretender. KENSINGTON, a village in Middlefex, about two miles from Hyde Park Corner, part of which, from the palace-gate to the Bell, is in the parilh of St. Margaret's, Wellminfter. At pre- fent Kenlington is extremely populous j and, beCdes the palace, now neglected, there ar* many genteel houles, a parifh church, and iVveial boarding-fchools. Being a conltant thoroughfare on the weftern road, there are many public houles in it. The palace, which was the feat of the Lord - Chancellor Finch, afterwards Earl of Nottingham, was purchafed by King William, who greatly improved it, and can fed a royal road to be made to it, through St. James's and Hyde Parks, with lamp polts erected at equal diltancts on each lide. Queen Mary enlarged the gardens ; her filter Qu^en Anne improved what Mary had begun, and was fo pleafed with the place, that Ine frequently iupped during the fummer in the green houfe, which is a very beautiful one : bu!: her late excellent Majelty Queen Caroline completed the delign, by extending the gardens from the great road in Kes hngton to Acton ; by bringing what is called the Serpentine River into them j and by taking in fome acres out of Hyde Puk. They were originally defigned by Ktnt, and have lately been much improved by Brovun; and though they contain no Unking beauties, which their flat fituation will not admit, yet they have many plealing parts, and afford much delight to the inhabitants of London, whole profeflions will aot allow of fre- quent i2o KEN quent e^curfions to more diftant places. Thefe gardens, which are three miles and a half in compafs, are kept in great order j and in fummer-time, as the couit is not there, are reforted to by great numbers of people. The palace, indeed, has none of that grandeur which ought to appear in the refidence of a Britifh Monarch ; its nearnefs to the town makes it very convenient, but it is very irregular in point of architecture. However, the royal apartments are grand, and fome of the pictures good. On parting the bafe court, you enter through a large portico into a (tone gallery, that leads to the great flair cafe, which is a very fine one, and confifts of feveral flights of black marble fteps, adorned with iron balufters finely wrought. The painting here affords the view of feveral balconies, with groups of figures re- prefei.ting yeomen of the guard, and fpeclatot s, among whom are Mr. Ultrick, commonly called the young Turk, in the Poloneie drefs in which he waited on his Majefty King George I. Peter, the wild youth, &c. The ftair-cafe is richly decorated and painted by Mr. Kent. The fir ft room is hung with very fine tapeftry, reprefenting the goddefs Diana hunting and killing the wild boar. Over the chimney is a piclure in a grand tafte, reprefenting one of the Graces, in the character of Painting, receiving inftruc~tions from Cupid. This piece is faid to be done by Guido Reni. In one corner of the room is a marble ftatue of Venus, with an apple in her hand j and in another is the ftatue of ISacchus, whofe head is finely ex- ecuted ; but the body, which is inferior to it, feems to be done by another hand. The fecond room has its doling painted with Minerva, fur- rounded by the ans and fciences, by Mr. Kent. Over the chimney is a very fine piece reprefenting Cupid admiring Pfyche, while fhe is afieep, by Vandyck. On each fide of the room are hung feveral pictures, as King Henry VIII. and the Comptroller of his Houfhold, by Holbein 5 a three-quarter pidlure of King Charles I. and another of his Queen, by Vandyck ; the Duke and Duchefs of York, by Sir Peter Lely ; as alfo King William, and Queen Mary, when Prince and Princefs of Orange, ever the dours, by the fame hand. The third room, which was the late Queen's apartment, is adoiaed with very beautiful tapeftry, reprefenting a Dutch winter- piece, and the various diverfions peculiar to the natives of Holland, done by Mr. Vanderbank. Over the chimney is an admirable pic- ture of Kin? Charles II. King James II. and their filter the Princefs of Orange, when children, by Vandyck. In the fourth room is the picture of a battle or fkirmifh between the Germans and Italians, by Holbein ; another of Danae de- scending in a fhower of gold, and another of the widow Eliot, finely executed by our countryman Riley. In KEN i2t In the fifth room is a picture of the crucifixion, and another of our Saviour laid on the crofs, both by Titian; of our Saviour calling St. Matthew from the receipt of cuftoms, by Annibal Caiacci 5 and of his healing the fick in the temple, by Verrio : a picluie of Henry IV. of Fiance, by Titian : two heads of Queen Mary I. and Queen Elizabeth, when, children, by Holbein: the late Queen Anne, when an infant, by Sir Peter Lely : and feveral heads by Raphael. In the fixth room, or rather gallery, are the pictures of King Heriy VIII. and Queen Katharine of Arragon, both by H King Philip of Spain, an* Queer. the fame hand : King James I. by Vandyck : King Charles II. the face by Sir Peter Lely : Queen Elizabeth in a Chinefe drcf?, drawn when die was a prifoner at Woodftock : King James II. when Duke of York, and another of his Queen, both by Sir Peter Lely : Ki i and Queen Mary in their coronation robes, by Sir Godfrey Knel- Icr. Sir Godfrey was knighted on his painting thefe pictures j King William being doubtlefs pleaftd with lb fine a picture of his The next is Queen Anne, after Sir Godfrey Kneller; and a picture of Queen Caroline, which is but poorly executed. In this room is a curious amber cabinet, in a glafs cafe j and at the upper end a beautiful orrery, likewife in a glafs cafe. feveiith, which is called the Cupola room, has a ftar in the cei tre, and the cieling all around is adorned with paintings in mofaic. Round the ioom are placed, a" prop- eight bultos of ancient poets, and nx ftatue? of the heathen gods and goddefles at full length, gilt Over the chimney-piece is a curious bas-relief in maible, reprefenting a Roman marriage, with a bulto of Cleopatra, by Mr. Rylbraeck. In the king's great drawing-room, over the chimney, is a very fine picture of St. Francis adoring the infant Jefus, held in the lap of the Virgin Mary, Jofeph attending; the whole performed by Sir Peter Paul Rubens. In this room are alfo the Holy Family, finely- painted by Paul Veronefe : three priefts, by Tintoret : a noble picture of St. Agnes, over one of the doors, by Domcnichinos St. John BaptirTs head, Mary Magdalen, and a naked Venus, all by Titian ; a Venus in a fupine polture, ttealing an arrow out of Cupid's quiver, with beautiful ornaments in the high ^ufto of the Greek antique, reprefenting Love and the Drama, by Giacomo. da Puntormo, upon the original outlines of the great Michael Angelo Buonaroti : a piclure of Villiers,Duke of Buckingham, and his younger brother, when boys, one of the capital pieces of Vandyck : two large pictures by Guido Reni, one of Venus dreff- ing by the Graces ; the other of Andromeda chained to a rock : our Saviour in the manger, by Baflan : and a piclure of part of the Holy Family, by Pa! ma the Elder, F The 122 KEN The cieling of this rcom, in which there is fuch a mixture of facred and prophane pieces, is painted with the ftory of Jupiter and Semele. In the ftate- chamber, the bed is of crimfon damaflc ; and over the chimney is a picture of our Saviour and St. John Baptift, by Raphael. In the ftate drefling-room the hangings are all of needle- work j a prefent from the Queen of PrufTia. Here is a picture cf Edward VI. by Holbein ; of a young nobleman of Venice, by Tintoret; another young nobleman of the fame place, by Tintoret j and Titian's lady, painted by himfelf. The painted gallery is adorned with many admirable pieces. At one end is King Charles I. on a white horfe, with the Duke d'Efpernon holding his helmet : the King is an auguft and noble figure, with fome dejection in his countenance} the triumphal arch, curtain, and other parts of the back-ground, are finely executed, and fo kept that the King is the principal figure that itrikes the eye: at a little diftance it'has more of the life than a picture. Fronting this picture, at the other end of the gallery, is the I fame King, with his Queen, and two children, King Charles II. | when a child, and King James II. an infant in the Queen's lap. The King's paternal tendernefs is finely exprefled,^ his (on ftand- ing at his knee : the Queen's countenance is expreflive of an affec- tionate obedience to his Majefty, and a fond care of her child, which flie feems to defire the King to look on. The infant is exquifitely performed j the vacancy of thought in the face, and the inactivity of the hands, are equal to life itfelf at that age. Thefe two admirable pieces were done by Vandjck. One of the next capital pictures in this gallery is Efther faint- ing before King Ahafuerus, painted by Tintoret. All the figures are finely drawn, and richly dreffed in the Venetian man- ner; for tKe Venetian fchool painted all their hiftorical figures in their own habits, thinking them more noble and picturefque than anv other. The next piece is the Nine Mufes in concert, finely drawn by the fame matter. Midas preferring Psn to Arollo, is a fine piece, by Andrea Schiavone; but it is a good dtal hurt by tme : the figures, how- ever, are well drawn and coloured; and the affectation of judg- ment in Midas is finely exprefled. The lhepherds offering gifts to Chrift, St. John in prifon, the jtory cf the woman of Samaria, and John Baptift's head, are line pieces, by Old Palma. Noahs' flood, by Baflan, is a mafterly performance. Over the chimney is a Madona, by Kaphael, which, tho' a fmali K E W 123 fmall piece, gives a very high idea of that great matter's abilities. There is alio a Madona by Vandyck, which is exquifitely performed. The other pictures here are, the birth of Jupiter, a fine piece, by Julio Romano ; a Cupid whetting his arrow, by Annibal Caracci ; and a Venus and Cupid, by Titian. KENTISH TOWN, a village between London and Hamp- ftead, much improved of late by feveral handfome houfes, be- longing to the citizens of London, &c. particularly an elegant houfe built by Mr. Bateman, an eminent attorney, in Maiden- lane, Covent Garden. KEW, a town in Surry, fituated on the Thames, oppofite to Old Brentford. Here is a chapel of eafe, erected at the expence of feveral of the nobility and gentry in the neighbourhood, on a piece of ground that was given for that purpole by the late Queen Anne. Here the late Mr. Molineux, Secretary to the late King when Prince of Wales, had a fine feat on the Green, which be- came the refulence of the Piince and Princefi Dowager of Wales, father and mother of his prefent Majefty, who greatly improved both the houfe and gardens ; a defcription of which we (hall give in tin: words of Sir William Chambers, architect to the King: " The principal court of the palace is in the middle; the liable court on the left hand ; and the kitchen courts on the right. As you enter the houfe from the principal court, a veiiibule leads to the great hall, which occupies two ftorics in height, and receives its light from windows in the Upper tlory. It is furnifhed with full length portraits, reprefenting King William III. Queen Mary, the prefent King of Pruffia, the late Emperor of Germany, the prefent Hereditary Prince of Brunfwick, the Jate Elector of Cologne, and the famous Lord Treafurer Burleigh ; befides which, there is a very good hunting piece, by Mr. Wootton, wherein are reprefented his Royal Htghnefs Frederick Prince of Wales, Lord Baltimore, Lord Cholmondely, Lord Bolton, Col. Pelham, and feveral of his Royal Highneis's attendants. In this room are like wife two large vales of llatuary-marble, on which are cut in bafio-relievo the four feafons of the year. " From the hall a paffage leads to the garden j and on the right hand of this pa Mage is the PiinceiVs common apaiiment, confining of an antichamber, a drawing-room, a cabinet, and a gallery, with waiting-rooms, and other conveniences, for the attendants. The antichamber is hung with tapeltry ; and. over the doors are two portraits, the one of the late Lord Cobham, the other or the late Earl of Cheftei field. " The drawing-room is likewife hung with tapeflry. Over the doors are the portraits of his Majefty King George I, ind his Royal Highnsfs Frederick Prince cf Wales. There is alii mother F » picture i2 4 K E W piclure in the room with three heads, being the pertraits of their Royal Highneffes the late Princefs of Orange, and the PrinceffcS Amelia and Caroline. " The cabinet is finifhed with pannels of Japan : the cieling is gilt; which, together with the ch;mney piece, was defigned by the late ingenious Mr. Kent. " The gallery, with all its furniture, is entirely executed from defigns of the fame gentleman. The colouring of the wainfeot- ing is blue, and the ornaments are gilt. Over the chimney is a portrait of the late Princefs of Oiange, in a riding-diefs : ?.nd on each fide of it is a very fine picture, by the celebrated Mr. Woot- ton, the one reprefenting a (tag at bay, and the other a return from the chace ; the fcene of both is Windfor foreft, and the petfons reprefented are the late Prince of Wales, the late Duke of Marlborough, Mr. Spencer, the Duke of Chandos, the Marquis of Powis, Lord Jerfey, Lord Bolton, Lord Baltimore, the Colonels Lumly, Schutz, and Madden, Mr. Scott, Mr. Bloodworth, and ieveral attendants. «« On the left of the paffoge which leads to the garden are the apartment* of the Bed-chamber women. In their drawing-room is a very large collection of portraits of jlluftrious perfons of both fexes; none very finely painted, yet curious, and very entertaining. The cieling is executed from a dtfign of Mr. Kent's; a6 are likewife the cieling, chimney-piece, and all other parts of their dining-room. " The cieling of the great (lair- cafe was defigned by Mr. Kent. The principal floor is diftributed into one ftate apartment for her Royal Highnefs, and into lodging-rooms for her children and their attendants. The ftate- apartments con ft ft of a gallery, a drawing- room, adrefllng room, an anticha;nber, a bed-room, and clofets. " The walls of the gallery aie adorned with grotefque paint- ings, and children in theatrical dreffes, by the late Mr. John Ellis. The chimney piece and all the furniture are from defigns of Mr. Kent ; and on the piers between the windows are four large painted looking-glalfes from China. «* The cieling cf the drawing-room was defigned, and I believe painted, by Mr. Kent, with groicfque ornaments, in party co- '■ and gold. The center compartment reprefents the ftory of The chimney-piece, the tables, ghfs frames, and all the furniture, were defigned by the fame ingenious artift. The room is hung with green liik, and furnifhed with a very pretty collec- tion of pictures, by Domenichir.o, Paul Veronefe, Albano, Claude Lorraine, Pietro da Ccrtona, Cornelius Johnfon, BafTano, Berg- hem, Borjrognone, & c< << The cieling, furniture, and chimney-piece of the dreflirg-, room, were defigned by Mr. Kent. The room is richly furnimed with K E W 125 vvfth Japan cabinets, and a great variety of curious works in Dref* den porcelain, amber, ivory, Sec. and there are alfo in it two large pictures ; the one by Dupan, reprefenting the children cf t: e royal family at play j and the other the Princels of Wales, with his prelent Majeity, the Duke of Yoik, and the Princels AuguMa, all in their infancy, attended by Lord Bofton, Lady Archibald Hamilton, and Mrs. Herbert. " Her Royal HighnclVs bed-chamber is hung with tapefiry. The cieling and chimney-piece were defigned by Mr Kent. 11 The antichamber and clofets con;ain nothing remarkable, excepting an hygrometer, of a very curious conlh nction, invented and executed by the learned and ingenious Mr. Pullen, one of her Royal Highneis's Chaplains. « THE GARDENS OF KEW are not very largej nor is their fituation by any means advanta- geous, as it is low, and commands no profpecls. Originally the ground was one continued dead flat j the foil was in general barren, and without either wood or water. With fo many disadvantages, it was not eafy to produce any thing even tolerable in gardening; "but princely munificence, guided by a director, equally (killed in cultivating the earth, and in the politer arts, [the late Lord Ba- thurft, wc fuppofe,] overcame all difficulties. What was once a defertis now an Eden. The judgment with which art hath been employed to fupply the defects of nature, and to cover its de- formities, hath very jurlly gained univerial admiration, and reflects uncommon luftre on the refined tafte of the noble contriver j as the vaft funis that have been expended to bring this arduous un- dertaking to perfection, do infinite honour to the generofity and benevolence of the illuftrious poflefTor, who with (o liberal a hand diftributed the fuperfluity of her treafures in works which ferve at once to adorn the country, and to nourifii its industrious inha- bitants. " Qn entering the garden from the palace, and turning towards the left hand, the firlt building which appears is THE ORANGERY, OR GREEN HOUSE. The defign is mine, and it was built under my in fp tit ion in the year 1761. The front extends one hundred and forty-five feet; the room is one hundred and forty- two feet long, thirty feet wide, and twenty-five high. In the back fnade are two furnaces to heat flues laid under the pavement of the orangery, which are found very ufeful, and indeed very neceffary in times of hard froit. *' What is called THE TEMPLE OF THE SUN, is fituated in an open grove near the orangery, and in the way to the phyfic-garden. Its figure is of the circular peiipteios kind, but without an attic j and there is a particularity in the en'a- F 3 biatuie, \ 126 K E W blature, of which the hint is taken from one of the temples of Balbec. The order is Corinthian, the columns fluted, and the entablature fully enriched. Over each column on the frize are baflb relievos, reprefenting lyres and fprigs of laurel ; and round the upper part of the cell are fufpended fertoons of fruits and flowers. The infide of the cell forms a falon richly finiflied and gilt. In the center of its cove is reprefented the Tun ; and on the frize, in twelve compartments, furrounded with branches of laurel, are reprefented the figns of the zodiac in bafTo-relievo, This building was begun and finiflied under my inflection in the year 1761. " THE PHYSIC OR EXOTIC GARDEN was not begun before the year 1760; fo that it cannot poffibly be yet in its perfection : but, from the great botanical learning of him who is the principal manager, and the affiduity with v\h'ch all curious productions are collected from every part of the globe, without any regard to expence, it may be concluded, that, in a few years, this will be the ampleft and beft collection of curious plants in Europe. For the cultivation of thefe plants I have built Several ftoves j and, amongft others, a very large one, its extent from eaft to weft being one hundred and fourteen feet ; the center is occupied by a bark-ftove fixty feet long, twenty feet wide, and twenty feet high, exclufive of the tan-pit j and the two ends form two dry ftoves, each twenty- five feet long, eighteen feet wide, and twenty feet high. ** The dry ftoves are furni/hed with ftands for placing pots on, made in the form of fteps. They have each three revolutions of ■fines in the back wall j and one of them hath likewife a flue under the pavement. *' The bark fto<-e in the center is heated by four furnaces ; two of thefe ferve to warm the flues under the pavement, and two to warm thofe in the back wall, of which there are five revolutions. The flues are all of them nine inches wide, and two feet high. Thofe in the back wall are divided from the houie by a brick- on-edge wall, and feparated from each other by foot tiles. Between fome of them are placed air- pipes, for the introduction of frefh air, which by that means is warmed in its paflage, and becomes very beneficial to the piants. The tan-pit is ten feet w'de, and three feet fix inches deep. It is furrounded on three fries by flues, being feparated from them by a fourteen inch wall. The walks are three feet wide, paved with foot-tiles ; and there is a border before the b*ck flues twenty inches wide, with a treillage for creepers, placed within fix inches of the flues. The roof-lights are divided into three heights, and run on caftors ; fo that they are moved up and down with great eafe, from a boarded paflage placed over the flues, between the treillage and the back wall. K E W 127 wall. The front lights Aide in grooves. On the outfide of the bark-ftove, in front, there is a border covered with glafs for bulbous roots, which, by the afiiftance of the flues under the pavement of the ftove, flouriftr very early in the year. " Contiguous to the exotic garden is THE FLOWER GARDEN, of which the principal entrance, with a Hand on each fide of it for rare flowers, forms one end. The two (ides are inclored with high trees, and the end facing the principal entrance is occupied by an aviary of a va!t depth, in which is kept a numerous col- lection of birds, both foreign and dometlic. The parterre is divided by walks into a great number of beds, in which all kinds of beautiful flowers are to be feen, during the greater! part of the year; and in its center is a bafon of water, (locked with go'd-fifh. 11 From the flower-garden a fliort winding walk leads to THE MENAGERIE. It is of an oval figure : the center is occupied by a large bafon of water, furrounded by a walk ; and the w'-.ole is incloled by a range of pens, or large cages, in which are kept great numbers of Chinefe and Tartarian pheafants, befides many forts of other large exotic birds. The bafon is flocked with fuch water- fowl as are too tender to live on the lake ; and in the middle of it ftands a pavilion of an irregular oclagon plan, defigned by me, in imitation of a Chinefe opening, and executed in the year 1760. " Near the menagerie Itands THE TEMPLE OF BELLONA, defigned and built by me in the year 1760. It is of the pro fly I e kind; the portico tetraftyle Doric; the metopes alternately en- riched with helmets and daggers, and vales and pateras. The cell is rectangular, and of a fefquialteral proportion, but doled with an elliptical dome, from which it receives the light. " Pafling from the menagerie towards the lake, in a retired folitary walk on the left, is THE TEMPLE OF THE GOD PAN, of the monoptcros kind, but clofed on the fide towards the thicket, in order to make it ferve for a feat. It is of the Doric order ; the profile imitated from that of the theatre of Marcellus at Rome, and the metopes enriched with ox-fculls and pateras. It was built by me in the year 1758. " Not far from the lafl defcribed. on an eminence, Rands THE TEMPLE OF EOLUS, like that of Pan, of the monopterqs figure. The order is a com- polite, in which the Doric is predominant. Within the columns is a large femicircular nich, ferving as a feat, which revolves on a pivot, and may with great eafe be turned by one hand to any expolition, notwithstanding its fize. The Temple of Solitude is fituated very near the fouth front of the paLace. F 4. "As 128 K E W " At the head of the lake, and near the temple of Eolus, ftands a Chincfe octagon building of two ftories, built a good many years ago, I believe, from the defigns of Mr. Goupy. Jt is com- monly called THE HOUSE OF CONFUCIUS. The lower ftory confifts of one room and two clofets j and the upper ftory is one little falon, commanding a very pleafant pro- fpect over the lake and gardens. Its walls and cieling are painted with grotefque ornaments, and little hiftorical fubjedts relating to Confucius, with feveral rranfactions of the Chriftian millions in China. The fopha and chairs were, I believe, de- figned by Mr. Kent, and their feats and backs are covered with tapeftry of the Gobelins. In a thicket, near the houfe of Confu- cius, is erected the engine which fupplies the lake and bafons in the gardens with water. It was contrived by Mr. Smeaton, and executed under his direction in the year 1761. It anfwers per- fectly well, railing, by means of two horfes, upwards of 3600 hogfheads of water in twelve hours. *' From the houfe of Confucius a covered clofe walk lead*? to a grove, where is placed a femi-octagon feat, defigned by Mr. Kent. A winding walk, on the right of the grove, leads to an open plain, on one fide of which, backed with thickets, on a rifing ground, is placed a Corinthian colonade, deligned and built by me in the year 1760, and called The Theatre of Au^ujia, « THE TEMPLE OF VICTORY is the next building which offers itfelf to view. It ftands on a hill, and was built in commemoration of the fignal victory ob- tained on the i(t of Auguft, 1759, near Minden, by the Allied army, under Prince Ferdinand of Brunfwick, over the French army, commanded by the Marfhal de Contades. " The figure is the circular peripteros ; the order Ionic de- caftyle, fluted, and richly finifhed. The frize is adorned with foliage* 5 and round the Attic are fufpended feftoons of laurel. The cell, which commands a pretty profpect towards Richmond, and likewife over Middlefex, is neatly finifhed with ftncco or- naments. Thofe in the cieling reprefents llandards, and ^ther French trophies. The whoie was dtfigned by me, and executed under my infpection, in the year 1759* ^ 09n a f ter tne above- mentioned battle. '' As you pafs along from the temple of victory, towards the upper part pf the gardens, are feen the ruins of an arch, fur- rounded with feveral vefliges cf other ftructures. Its defcription will be given hereafter-' " The upper part of the garden compofes a large wildcrnefs j on the border of which (tanas a mciefque building, commonly called THE ALHAMBRA, con/ifrinj K E W 129 Confiftmg of a falon, fronted with a portico of coupled columns, and crowned with a lantern. " On an open fpace, near the center of the fame wildernefs, is erected the tower,- commonly called THE GREAT PAGODA. It was begun under my direction, in the autumn of the year 1761, and covered in the fpring of the year 1762. The defign 13 an imitation of the Chinefe Faa. The bafe is a regular octagon, forty-nine feet in diameter $ and the fupedtruclure is likew:fe a regular octagon on its plan, and in its elevation compofed of ten prifms, which form the ten different ftories of the building. The lowed of thefe is twenty- fix feet in diameter, exciuflve of the por- tico which furrounds it, and eighteen feet high j the ftcond is five-and-twenty feet in diameter, and feventeen feet high ; and all the reft diminifh in diameter and height, in the fame arithmetical proportion, to the ninth ftory, which is eighteen feet in diameter, and ten feet high. The tenth ftory is feventeen feet in diameter, and, with the covering, twenty feet high j and the finifhing on the top is feventeen feet high ; lo that the whole ftructure, frcm the bafe to the top of the fleuron, is one hundred and fixry-thrn fui folum, Sed vicinorum, Et omnium. LEWISHAM, a considerable village in Kent, about four miles from London, in the road to Bromley, Sevenoak, Sec. It gives the title of Vifcount to the Earl of Dartmouth, who is lord of the manor. Between this place and Dulwich, but in Lewifham pa- rub, is a hill with an oak upon it called the oak of honour, becaul'e Queen Elizabeth is (aid to have dined under it. The original tree, -which ferved for a canopy to this illuftrious princefs, is long fince 142 LOW fince periflied j but care has been taken to plant an oak on the /pot, that this traditional anecdote might not be forgotten, LIMPSFIELD, a village near Croydon, in Surry. LISSAM GREEN, a pleafant village near Paddington. LITTLETON, a village near Lakham, in Middiefex. Here is a handfome houfe belonging to Thomas Wood, Efq. late mem- ber for Middiefex. LONGFORD, a fmall fcaitered hamlet, in the Bath road, fifteen miles from London, where there is a quaker's meeting. It is watered by two rivers, and is much frequented by the lovers of angling. LOW-LEYTON, or LEIGHTON, a village pleafantly fitu- ated on the fide of a hill near Wahhamftow, at the foot of which runs the river Lee. In this parifh are feveral handfome feats be- longing to wealthy citizens, and other gentlemen ; efpecial.'y the ancient manor-houfe and feat of Ruckholts, which fome time ago belonged to Benjamin Collyer', Efq. of whom it was pur- chafed by the Earl Tilney : but of late years this feat has been deferted by its owners, and not long firce was converted into a public breakfafting-houfe, and fo continued for about fix years, during which it was much frequented by gentlemen and ladies. But it is now pulled down, and the materials fold. Goring-Houfe, alfo called the Foicit Houfe, is loftily fitu3ted fronting the fortft. It once belonged to the Abbot of Waltbam, and afterwards came to the Goiings, Earls of Norwich ; afttr ^which it was in the pofltfHon of Sir Gilbeit Heathcote, whole defcendant fold it to Mr. Bofanquet, of London, merchant. The beautiful feat of the late Sir Fiflier Trench, Bart, is a more modern ftru&ure, adorned with large and delightful gardens, wit.i plantations, walks, groves, mounts, and canals (locked with fifh and fowl : but Sir Fifher's fuccefibrs have fold it to Mr. John Stanniland, of London, and it is now in the pofl'efTion of Thomas Oliver, Eiquire. The manor-houfe of Leyton has a fine profpecl over the marfli and river towards Hackney. This, together with a paddock, was fold by Mr. David Ganfel, lord of the manor, to the late Sir John Strange, who improved this feat with additional buildings and handfome gardens ; but it is now in the pofTefTion of Colonel Bladen. This parifh is warned on one fide by the river Lee or Ley, from which the village obtains its name, and rifes in a gentle afcent, for about two miles, from the river to Waltham- Foreft : on which fide lies one ward of the parifli called Leyton-Stone, in a pleafant and healthful fituation, infomuch that the number of inhabitants being greatly increafed, a chapel of eafe has been lately built for their convenience. The i M I M 143 The parifh- church is a fmall building confiding of a chancel and two ailes. It is dedicated to the Virgin Mary j and the patronage of the vicarage is vefted in General Ganfel. M. MALDEN, a village in Surry, about three miles from King- don, has a powder-mill on a dream that runs from Ewel to Kingfton. MARBLE HILL, the delightful villa of the earl of Bucking- hamfhire at Twickenham. It is properly called Marble-hill, for inch it refembles, in a fine green lawn, open to the river Thames, and adorned on each fide by a beautiful grove of horfe-chefnut- trees. The houfe is white as fnow, a fmall building without wings, but of a mod pleafing appearance. The garden is very pleafant, and has a beautiful grotto, to which you are conducted by a winding alley of flowering fhrubs. • MARDEN, near Goddone, in Surry, the feat and fine park of Sir Robert Clayton, Baronet. MARTIN, a village in Surry, about feven miles from London, and one from Tooting. It formerly had a magnificent abbey, founded by King Henry the Firft. There are copper- mills on the river Wandel, with feveral manufactories of callico printers. Its little church is built with flints j as were alfo the abbey walls, which inclofed 65 acres : but little of it remains, except the kitchen and one of its chapels with a pulpit. MELBOURN- HOUSE, in Piccadilly, built by the prefent Lord Melbourn, for his town rcftdence, from the defign of Sir William Chambers. MERTON ABBEY, in Surry. Here King John flept the night before he fJgned Magna Charta at Runny-mead. MICKLEHAM, a pleafant village'in Surry, fituate at the foot of Box-Hill, between Leatherhead and Darking, and is wafhed by the -river Mole. Near this place is the feat of William Lock, Efq. the beauty of whole park and environs will well reward the traveller who fecks it. ' Swelling hills, fine woods, a meandering river, together with a rich furrounding country and a great extent of didant piofpecl, compote the charms of this delightful place. To complete the picture, it may be added, that all thefe beauties of nature are in the poffeffion of a Gentleman, whofe tade, elegance, and judgment in what is mod exquifite in art or nature, is almoft unrivalled. MILL HILL, a pleafant village in Middlcfex, nine miles and an half from London, that has an extenfive profpett. It is in the parifh of Hendon. MIM3 j there are two villages of this name : North Mims, fi- tuated in Hertfordfliire, on the~ eaft fids of Cojney, and two miles from 144 MOO from Hatfield. In its neighbourhood is the feat of the late Sir Jofeph Jekyll, Mafter of the Rolls, in right of his lady, who was heir to her late brother the great Lord Somers. The body of that nobleman lies interred in the chancel of the church, without any infcription. It has a moft delightful profpect. This feat now belongs to Sir Charles Cocks, Bart, who is grand nephew to Lady Jekyll. South Mims is fituated two miles from the former, in the moft northern corner of Middlefex. Here is an alms houfe built and endowed for fix poor people, by James Hickfon, Efq. who died in 1689, when he gave by his will, to fifteen poor people of this parifh, two fhifts, one pair of hofe, and a pao ic columns, felloons, and a pediment on the top, over which rifes a turret, with a dial; and from the dome, which is Aipported by fcrolls, r'fe a ball and fane. To this en- trance there is an alcent by a flight of circular fteps; and having afcended them, ai>d palTed through this part of the building, we enter an inner fquare, funounded with piazzas. The chapel is neatly wainfeoted, and has a coftly altar piece. This ftrudlure Sir John encled at a fmall diflance from his own habitation, in a place called Great Stone Field, and endowed it, after his Lady's deceafe, with his whole real, copyhold, and per- ibnat eftate, to the value of about 1 300I. per annum. The founder of this noble charity placed in this bofrrital twelve decayed Turkey merchants in his life- time; but, after his deceafe, the Lady Morden finding that tire fliaie allotted her by Sir John's G " J aft 146 M U S hft will was inefficient for her decent fupporr, Tome parts of the eftate not anfwering fo well as was expected, flie was obliged to reduce the -number to four. But, upon her death, the whole eftate coming to the college, the number was increafed, and there are at this time thirty-five poor gentlemen; and, the number not being limited, it is to be increa- fed as the eftate will afford} for the building will conveniently h jld forty. 7 he treafurer, who receives the rents and revenues, and keeps the books of the accounts and difburfements of the college, has 4.0!. a year; and the chaplain, who reads prayers twice a day, and preaches twice every Sunday, had at fit (t a falary of 30I. per annum, which the Lady Morden doubled at her death. She was, in other refpeets, a benefaclrefs of the college, and, as me put up her liuf- band's ftatue in a niche over the gate, the truftees put up hers in another niche, adjoining to that of her humancf. The pen Goner's have each 20I. a year, and at firft wore gowns with the founder's badge; but this badge has not been worn for fome years. They have a common table in the hall to eat and drink together at meals; and each has a convenient apartment, with a cellar. The tteafurer, chaplain, and penfioners, are obliged to refide in the college ; and, except in cafe of ficknefs, no other perfons are to refide, live, or lodge there; but no perfon can be admitted as a peniioner who cannot biing a certificate to prove his being upwards of (fifty years of age. Seven Turkey merchants have the direction of this hofpital, and the nomination of the perfons to be admitted into it: to them the treafurer is accountable; and whenever any of thefe die, the furvi- ving truft.ees chufe others in their room. MOULSEY, two towns thus denominated from the river Mole, which runs between them into the Thames. Eaft Moulfey is fitu- ated oppohte to Hampton Court, and was granted by King Charles II. to Sir James Claike, grandfather to the prefent lord of the manor, who had the ferry from thence to Hampton Court, in the room of which he has lately erecltd a handfome bridge, where a very hi^h toll is taken of all palVengers, carriages, Sec. Welt Moulfey is fituated about a mile and a half weft from Kir.gfton; and here is a ferry to Hampton town, which likewife belongs to the fame gentleman. MUSWELL- HILL, in Middlefex, on the eaft fide of Highgate, took its name from a fpring or well on the hill, by a houfe built by Alderman Roe, which afterwards came to the late earl of Bath. By this well, which was efteemed holy, was a chapel with an image of our Lady of Mufwell, to which great numbers went in pilgri- rr age. Both the manor and chapel were fold, in the reign of Quten Elizabeth, to Mr. William Roe, in whofe family they con- tinued, NEW 47 tinued, till Sir Thomas Roe, the AmbafTador, fold them in the laft century. N. NASING, a village in Effex, fituated between Waltham Abbey and Roydon. NAVES TOCK, a village near Brentwood, in EflTex, where there is 'he feat of Earl Waldegrave. NETTESWELL, a village on the fouth-weit fide of H.irlow. In this panih a fchool has been lately built, puifunnt to the will of William Marten, Efq. for inftrucling fome poor children of this and two other adjoining parishes in reading, writing, and accompts. On the north wall of the chancel is a neat monument erected :o the memory of this gentleman, adorned with his hullo, and a we!L- wiitten-inlci iption in Latin. Againft the opposite wall there is a very expfciiuve monument erected by the widow df^Mff. Majten to the memory of her brother ajnd nephew : on a pyramid rifing from an exalted hafe are the medallions of both of them ; fne is represented below, as big as life, in a mourning potture, covered with a veil, looking up earneftly at both the medallions, her arm refting on a pillar. Site was filter of the late Sir John CrofTe. The ele- gant execution of the whole fully difplays the fkiil and judgment of the excellent art! ft. NEWINOTON BUTTS, a village in Surry, extending from the end of Biackman (treet to Kensington- Common, is laid to receive the name of Butts from the exercife of fhrot-ng at burs, much nractifd both here as;d in the other towns of England, in the reign of Henry VIII. &c. to fit men to ftrve in the regiment of archers. But Mr. Aubrey thinks it received this name from the Butts of Noifoik, who \\ai\ an eflate here. Mr Whateley ob- fctves, that here were planted the fiift peaches fo much efleemed, qiftinguiuSed by the name of Newington peaches. The church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, is a rectory in the gift cf the Bifhop of Winchester, 2nd the profits arifmg to the incumbent amount to ab^ut 140!. per annum. In thi, village are three alms-houfes, a charity- fchool, and a work houfe. The principal of thefe alms-houfes are thofe of the Fishmongers company } the moft ancient of which is St. Peter's Hofpital, which that company erected by virtue of letters patent, granted by King James I. in the year 1618, for the reception of feveral of their poor members. It contains twenty- two alms-peo- ple, each of whom has two rooms, and an allowance of 3s. a week, 15s. at Chriftmas, a chaldron of coals and a gown yearly ; and one of the penfioners, who reads prayers twice a day in the chapel, has an aditional allowance of al. a year. The entrance is by a pair of i»;on gates opening into the centre of the building. On the infide G a are. r 4 8 N O N are two courts behind each other, in which is a hall with painfrd windows, and a chapel. To the fouth of this .hofpital is another founded by Mr. James Hulbert, a liveryman of the Fishmongers company, in 1719, whofe ftatue (lands upon a pedeftalj and on the walls, which extend before both, 'are iron rails, to afford a view of ahis itatue, of the more modern hofpital trecled by that gentle- man, and of the pleafant walks b fore it. This is alfo founded for twenty poor men and women, who have much the fame accom- modations and allowance with thole of St. Peter's. NEWINGTON-GREEN, a pleafant village between Ifiington and Stoke-Newington, chiefly confiRirg of a handfome fquare of a confidtrable extent, furrounded by houlcs which are in general well built : before each fide is a row cf trees; and an extenfive graft -plat in the middle. It is in (he parifh of Stoke-Newington j on one fide of the ground is a meeting houfe. NEW1NGTON, or *> IOKE-NEWINGTON, Middlefex, is a pleafant village, where a great number of the citizens of London have built houfes, and rendtitd it extremely populous, more like a large fiouriihing town than a village. The church is a fmall, low, Gothic building, and belongs to the Dean and Chapter of St. PauLVj and there is alfo a neat mceting-houfe. Behind the church is a pleafant grove of tall trees, where the inhabitants refcrt for the berieftt of iliade and a wholefome air. NONESUCH, in Surry, is fituated near Sutton and Epfom, and was formerly called Cuddington, till a mod magnificent palace vvas erected there, by Heniy VIII. which obtained the r.nras of Nonefuch from its unparalleled beauty. The learned I- 1 .-. "iitz'ner, in his Iiinera> jum, freaking of this palace, fays, that << it was chofeu for his plcafuie and retirement, and built by him v. ;.h an excels of magnificence aid elegance even to orientation : one would imagine every thing that arcbiteclure can perform to have been employed in this oi*c work : there are every where fo many (taiues that Item to breathe, fo many miracles oi confum- tn ate. art, fo many c:-.lts that rival even the perfection of Roman nniiquitv, that it may well claim and juMify its name of Norfeftic'h-i w The palace ttfelf is Co encompaMld with parks full -of deer, cjerrghtful gardens, groves ornamented with trellis- work, c.;bi- ■, and walk? fo embrowned by irees, that it fetms to be a place pitched upon by Plea lure herfelf to dweli in along Hea]th. fi In the plealu ; $nd artificial gardens are many columns and pyramids of marble, two fountains that fpout water one round the ofh?r, like a pyramid, upon which are perched fmsll birds thai : r qui Of their bills • iri the grove of Diana is a tain, with A&aeon turned into a flag, as he OAT 149 he was fprinkled by the goddefs and her nymphs, with in- icri prions. *{ There is another pyramid of marble fitll of concealed pipes, which fpirj upon nil who come within their reach." Such was this palace ami gardens when Hentzner wrote 5 but Kmo- Chules 11. gave it to the Ducheis of Cleveland, who pulled it down and fold the material!- 5 wherewith a new houfe was buiit hv the Earl of Berkeley, which was she feat of the late Earl of Guildford, and is called Durdans. This place now be- longs to the R;.v. Mr. Jol'eph Whately, ar.d is a very handibme as wpjl as plcafant gou ;iii y-ieat. NCR Vli EN I), a pL-iiant village near K tmmerfmith, where are the haridlbme houfe and tin ly dafpofed gardens lately poittlfcii Earl of Tiiney, and of the iate Sir John S'anley. NORTKALL, a village on the north fide of Enfield Chace, liUBe miles north of Wigh Barnet, is laid to 1>j corruptly f» cabled from North a«tj or the North Grove, here being a wood >ngcd to the rncnadery of St. Alban's. A noble houfe 1 the reign ot Queen Eliz-b-th by Henry Dudley, ; \V.i! wick } after whole death tt came to levernl pofTeffors, and, being L\*ld to William Lemon, descended to Sir William Le- grandfon, who has given the rent of the wc'.ls to the poor of the paii/h. King James I. a!fo gave 4.0L a year to the town in Jieu of the giound he laid int« his park at Theobald's out of the com iTion. NORWOOD is a vilhge (battered round- 9 large, wild com- mon, five miles from London, in the p3ri.l1 of Croydon, Surry. If bears no marks of its vicinity to the capital ; and thole who love an occallonal contemplation of unimproved nature, will find great fatid'aclion in a viiit to this place. It was fome years ago a prin- cipal haunt of thole vagrants known by the title of giplies. '■jTHE OAKS, the ejegant villa of the Earl of Derby, fituate i on Banrtead Down?, in Surry. — It was formerly known by the name of Lambert Oak?, and belonged to a fociety of fportirtg gentlemen cill-d the Elmer's Hunt. General Burgoyne after- wards greatly improved it, of whom it wsfs purchafed by its pre- fent noble owner. The filiation is a verv fine one ; and it was heie that Lord Derby gave the celebrated Fele champetre. OATLAMDf<, adjoining to Weybridge, in Surry, is the feat of the Duk: of Newcastle. The pi;k is about four miles round. The houfe is fituated about the middle cf the terrace, whole majeffic grandeur, and dhfe beautiful landfcape which it commands, words cannot deforlbe, nor the pencil delineate, fo as to give an adequate idea of this fine fcene. C 3 The 150 O S T The ferpentine river which you look down upon from the ter- race, though artificial, appears as beautiful as it could do were it natural j and a itranger who did not know the place would con- clude it to be the Thames, in which opinion he would be con- firmed by the view of Walton bridge over that river, which by a happy contrivance is made to look like a bridge over the ferpentine river, and gives a moll happy nnifh to this beautiful profpecl. OCKHdM, four miles to the eaft of Woking, where Lord King hath a feat whole park extends to the great road. This was purchafed by Sir Peter King, afterwards Lord Chancellor. The ho ufe was greatly repaired and beautified by the late Lord, and the prefent Lord King has made great improvements in the park and gardens. The pariih church (lands almoft oppoiite- to the houfe j and in the churchyard is a tombllone over the grave of John Spong, a carpenter, who died in November, 1736,011 which is the following punning epitaph : ■ '! Who many a fturdy oak had laid along, Fell'd by Death's furer hatchet, here lies Spong; pofts oft he made, yet ne'er a place could get 3 And liv'd by railing, though he was no wit; Old faws he had, although no antiquarian j And ftyles corrected, yet was no grammarian. Long liv'd he Ockham's premier architect, And lailingas his fame a tomb t\rec"t, In vain we fetk an artift fuch as he, Whofe pales and gates were for eternity." The inhabitants of this village have a tradition, that at Ockham Court was formerly a nunnery, and that a fubterraneous paflage went from it under the river to Newark abbey, by which there was a communication between the monks and nuns. OLD FORD, in Stepney parifh, near Stratford le Bow. OS TERLEY-HOUSE, the feat of the late Robert Child, Efq. It is fituate about two miles to the north-weft of Brentford, and is one of the mod magnificent places in the vicinity of London. It is a large, noble, and ancient manfion, built in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, but was improved by the late poffeffor with all tie elegance of modern art. The apartments are fitted up with great tafte and fplendor, and the gallery is one of the moll highly decorated rooms to be feen any where. The furrounding park is exienlive, well planted, finely watered, and adds much to the beauty and grandeur of the place. .Here is lik wife one of the completed mtnagerits in England. It was formerly Sir H. Greihawi's, PAD- P A I 151 PADDINGTON, a confiderable village at the north-weft end of London, which, Uy the late encreafe of buildings, may now be laid to be alinoft a part of the capital. PAINSHILL, near Cobhanv in Surry, late the feat of the Hon. Charles Hamilton, but now of Benjamin Bond Hopkins, Efq. It is (itnated on the utmolt verge of a moor, which nibs above a fertile plain watered by the Mole. Large vallics, descending in different directions towards the river, break the bi ow into feparate eminences ; and the gardens are extended along the edge, in a femi-circular form, between the winding river which defcnbes their outward boundary, and the park which fills up the cavity of the crefcent. The moor lies behind the place, and fometimes ap- pears too confpicuoufly $ but the views on the other f>de6 into the cultivated country are agreeable: they are terminated by hills at a competent dlitance ; the plain is Sufficiently varied with ob- jects j and the richeft meadows overfpread the bottom juft below ; the profpecls are, however, only pretty, not fine ; and the river is languid and dull. Painfbill is therefore little benefited bv ex- ternal circumltances ; and' the difpofition of the gardens affords frequent opportunities of feeing the feveral parts, the one from the other, acrofs the park, in a variety of advantageous fituations. The honfe, which was lately built by the prefent pofiellor, is an elegant villa, and ftands in the centre of the crefcent, on a hill whirh has a very fine and commanding piofpeci both of the paik and the country. The views are charming, and in the adjacent thicket is a parterre, and an orangery, where the exotic plants are, during the fummer, intermixed with common fhrubs, and a cenftant lucceffjon of flowers. This hill is divided from another much larger by a fmall val- ley j and on the top of the fecond eminence, at a feat jult above a large vineyard which overfpreads all the fide, and hargs down to the lake below, a Cztve. totally different appears : the general profpeel, though beautiful, is the circumftance the leaft engaging; the attention is immediately attracled from the cultivated plain to the point of a banging wood at a diftance, but (fill within the p'ace, and which is not only a noble object in itfelf, but affords the mod pleafing encouragement to all who delight in gardening $ for it has been railed by the prefent pofleiTor, and, by its fituation, its thicknefs, and extent, while it retains the frefhnefs of a your.g plantation, ha*, already in appearance all the mafi'y riehnefs of an oid one. L'pponte to the hill thus covered is another in the country, of a fmnlarflrape, but bare and barren ; and beyond the opening between them, the moor falling back, into a wide G 4. concave $J2 P A I concave clofes the interval. Had all thefe heights belonged to the Tame proprietor, and been planted in the fame mannei, they would have compofed as great, as romantic a fcence, as any of thofe which we rarely fee, but always behold with admiration, the work of nature alone, matured by the growth of ages. But Painfbili is ail a new creation; and a bolditis of defign, and a happinefs of execution, attend the wonderful efforts which art has there made to rival nature. Another point of the fame eminence exhibits a Ian dfcape diftinguiftied from the laft in every particular, except in the sera of its exiftence : it is entirely within the place, and commanded from an open Gothic building, on the very edge of a high (hep, which riles immediately a^ove a fine artificial lake in the bottom : the whole of this lake is never fetn at once; but by its form, by the difpofition of fome iilands, and by the trees in them and on the banks, it always feeni's to be larger than it is : on the left are continued plantations, to exclude the country j on the right, all the park opens 5 and in front, beyond the water, is the hanging wood, the point of which ap- peared before, but here it ftretches quite a'cro'fs the view, and difplays all its extent, and all its varieties. A broad river, iffuirrg horn the lake, paflVs under a bridge of live arches near the outlet, then directs its courfe towards the wood, and flows underneath it. On the fide of the hill is couched a low hermitage, encempafled with thicket, and overhung with made 5 and far to the right, on the utmoft fummit, rifes a lofty tower, eminent above ail the trees. About the hermilage, the dofeft covert, and the daike'ft greens, fpread their gloom : in other places the tints are mixed j and in one a little glimmering light marks an opening in the wood, and diverfifk-s its uniformity, without dimir.ifhing its gteat- ntfs. Throughout the illuftrious fcene confiflency is prefened in the midlt of variety ; aii the parts unite eaiily ; the plantations in the bottom join to the wood which hangs on the hill ; thofe on the upper grounds of the park break into groves, which afterwards divide into clumps, and in the end taper into fingle trees. The ground is very various, but it points from all fn!ts towards the lake, and., Slackening its defcent as it approaches, Aides at laft gen- tly into the water. Toe groves and the lawns on the declivities are elegant and rich ; the fine expanfe of the lake, enlivened by the gay plantations on the banks, and the reflection of the bridge upon the furface, animates the landfcape; and the extent and the height of the hanging wood gives an air of grandeur to the whole. An eafy winding defcent leads from the Gothic building to the lake, and a broad walk is afterwards continued along the banks, and acrofs an ill and, c'ofe to the water on one hand, and fk.it ted by wood on the ether; the fpot is perfectly retired, but the retire- ment P A I IS3 "menf is chearful 5 the lake is calm, but it is full to the brim, and never dai kened with fhadowj the walk is fmooth and aim oft level, and tou.luG the very margin of the water ; the wood, which fe- ciudes all view into the country, is compofed of the molt elegant trees, full of the lightcit greens, and bordered with Ihrubs and with flowers; and though the place is aimolt fui r< unded with "plantations, yet within itieif it is open and airy. It is embellifhed with three bridge?, a ruined aid), and a grotto; and the Gothic building; (till very near, and impending dueclly over the lake, belongs :o the placer but thefe objects are never vifible all toge- ther; they appear in fucceffion as the walk proceeds; and their number docs not crowd the fcene, which is enriched by their frequency. The rranfition is very Pud 'en, almolr immediate, from this po- lifiied fpot, to another cf the molt uncultivated nature ; not dreary, r.ot romantic, but rude: it is a wood, which overfpreads a large tract of very uneven ground ; the glades through it are ruft cleared of the bufhes and plants which arenatural to the foil; fometimes they are doled on both fides with thickets, at other times they are only cut through the fern in the openings ; and even the larches and the firs, which are mixed with beech on the fide of the prin- cipal glade, are left in fuch a rhte of apparent neglect, that thev fee'm to be the product of the wild, not decorations of the waik : this is the hanging wood, which before was fo noble an object, and is no.v fuch a uiihint retreat; near the tower it is thin, but about the hermitage it is thickened with trees of the dark eft greens : a narrow gloomy path, overhung with Scotch and fpruce firs, under which the fern feems to have been killed, not cleared, and f.arce a blade of grafs can grow, leads to the cell, that is compof d of logs and of roots j the defign is as fimple as the ma- terials, and the furniture within is old and uncouth; all the cir- cumltances which belong to the character are retained in the aim oft purity, both in the approach and the entrance ; in the fecond room they are fuddenly changed for a view of the gardens and the coun- try, which is rich with every appearance of inhabitants and culti- vation. From the tower on the top of the hill is another profpeel, much more extenfive, but not more beautiful : the objecls are not fo well {elected, nor feen to i'o great advantage; fome of them are too diftant, fome too much below the eye ; and a large portion of the heath intervenes, which carts a cloud over the view. Not far from the tower is a fcene poli/hed to the higher} decree of improvement, in which funds a large Doric building, called the Temple of Bacchus, with a fine portico in the front, a rich; alto relievo in the pediment, and on each fide a range of pilafters : within, it is decorated with many antio^ie bufts, and a mod beau- tiful antique colollal ilaiue of the god in the centre s the room has G 5 nothing 154 P A N nothing of tint folemnity which is often affectedly afcribed to the character, but without being gaudy is full of light, of ornament, and fplen.Ior : the iituation is on a brow, which commands an agreeable profpect ; but the top of the hill is a I mo ft a flat, diverfi- fted however by feveral thickets, and broad walks winding be- tween them j thefe walks run into each other fo frequently, their relation is fo apparent, that the idea of the whele is never loft in the divifions ; and the parts are, like the whole, large 5 they agree alfoinftyle; the interruptions therefore never deftroy the appear- ance of extent ; they only change the boundaries, and multipiy the figures : to the grandeur which the fpot receives from fuch di- mensions, is added, all the richneis of which plantations are capa- ble} the thickets are of flowering fhrubs, and the openings are embellimed with little airy groups of the moll elegant trees, flirt- ing or croffing the glades ; but nothing is minute, or unworthy of the environs of the temple. The gardens end here ; this is one of the extremities of the crefcent, and from hence to the houfe in the other extremity is an open walk through the park : in the way a tent is pitched, upon a fine (well, juft above the water, which is feen 10 greater advan- tage from this point than from any other; its broadeft expanfe is at the foot of the hill : from that it fpreads in feveral directions, fometimes under the plantations, fometimes into the midft of them, and at other times winding behind them : the principal bridge of five arches is juft below; at a diftance, deep in the wood, is ano- ther, a fingle arch, thrown over a ftream which is loft a 1 ttle beyond it; the pofition of the latter is directly athwart that of the former ; the eye paries along the one and under the other ; and the greater is of ftone, the fmaller of wood ; no two objects bearing the fame name can be more different in figure and ficuation : the banks alio of the lake are infinitely diverlified ; they are open in one place, and in another covered with plantations, which fome- times come down to the brink of the water, and fometimes leave room for a walk : the glades are either conducted along the fides, or open into the thickeft of the wood ; and now and then they feem to turn round it towards the country, which appears in the offskip, rifing above this picturefque and various fcene, through a wide opening between the hanging wood on one hand, and the eminence crowned with the Gothic tower on the other. This place is to be feen only on Mondays and Thurfdays. PANCRAS, a fmall hamlet in Middlefex, on the north-weft isde of London, in the road to Kentifh-town. It has a church cudicated to St. Pancras, and called St. Pancras in the Fields, au old plain Gothic flructure, with a fquare tower without a fpire. It is a vulgar tradition, that this church is of greater antiquity thaa that of Su Paul's cathedral, of which it is only a prebend : but PER 155 but this arifes from a miftake ; for the church of St. Pancras, termed the mother of St. Paul's, was fituaied in the city of Can- terbury, and was thanged from a Pagan temple to a Chriltiaii church, by Si. Auftin the monk, in the year 558, when he dedica- ted it to St. Pancras. The churchyard is a general burying-- place for perfons of the Romifh religion. At a public houfe on the fouth fide of the churcli is a medlcina] fpring. PARSONS-CJREEN, a village near Fulham, where the Earl of Peterborough has a fine feat and gardens. PECICHAM, a pleafant village in Surry, and a hamlet of Camberwell. Here is the feat of the late Lord Trevor, built in the reign of King James II. by Sir Thomas Bond, who, being deeply engaged in the pernicious fc hemes of that imprudent Prince, was obliged to leave the kingdom with him, when the houle was plundered by the populace, and became forfeited to the crown „ The front of the houfe ftands to the north, with a fpacious garden before it, from which extend two rows of large elms, of confider- able length, through which the Tower of London terminates the profpect. But on each fide of this avenue you have a view of Lon- don ; and the mafts of velfels, appearing at high water over the trees and houfes up to Greenwich, greatly improve the profpect. Pcckham, which lies on the back ude of the gardens, is /hut out from the view by plantations. The kitchen garden and the walls were planted with the choice^ fruit-trees from France, and an ex- perienced gardener was lent for from Paris to have the management of them; fo that the collection of fruit- trees in this garden has been accounted one of the bell in England. After the death of the late Lord Trevor, this feat w.fl pm-chafed by a private gentleman, who began to make very confiderable im- provements, and, had he lived a few years longer, would have ren- dered it a very delightful retreat. There are alfo at Peckham feveral other villas and neat houfes of retirement, inhabited by the tradefmen of London, and thofe who have retired from bufinefs. PECKHAM RYE, a village in Surry, on the fouth fide of Peckham, and a hamlet of Cambersvell. PERCY-LODGE, near Colnbrooke, in Buckinghamfhire, was the feat of the late Duchefs Dowager of Somerfet, and is now in the family of the Duke of Northumberland. It is a handfome houfe, furrounded with fine groves, lawns, and water ; and though, from its flat fituation, it commands no great profpect, it poffetTes a pleafmg and elegant tranquillity, capable of forming the molt deli- cious contrail to the noify and varied fcene of the capital. PERGO, in the parifh of Havering, near Rumford, in Effex, is the ancient feat of Lord Archer. It is a large, ftraggliug houfe, fi- tuate on the verge of a handfome park.. G 6 PE I*« POP PETERSHAM, a fmall village in Surry, near the New Pa.k, and a li'tle to the fouth of Richmond -Hill/ Hefe (tbod a delight- ful feat built by the late Ea'rJ of Rochelrer, Lord H'i£h Treasurer in the reign of King James II. This fine Koufe wis t urnt down in the year 1720, fo fuddenly, that the family, v\ ho were all at home, had fcarcely time to fave their lives. Nor was the houfe, though exquifitely finifhed both within and without. thegrcatefi lof3 iutt i\ irjfcd j the noble furniture, the curious collation of paintings, and the ineftimabie library of the rirft Earl of Clarendon, Lord High Chancellor of England, and author of the Hiftory of the Re- bellion, were wholly confirmed ; and, among other valuable pieces, feveral manufcripts relating to thofe times, and to tne tranfacfions in which the King his Mailer and himfelf were engaged both at home and abroad ; befides other curious collections made by that noble author in foreign countries. On the ground where his houfe (food, the Earl of Harrington erected another, after one of the earl of Burlington's defigns. The front next the court is very plain, and the entrance to the houfe not very extraordinary} but the fouth front next the garden", is bold and regular, and the apartments on that fide, chiefly defign- ed for (fate, are extremely elegant. The gardens were before ciowded with plantations near the houfe, but they are now laid open in lawns of grafs : the kitchen garden, before fituated on the eaft fide of the houfe, is removed out of fight, and the ground converted to an open (lope of grafs, lead- ing up to a terrace of great length 5 from which is a profptcl of tire river Thames, the town of Twickenham, and all the fine feats round that part of the country. On the other fide cf the terrace is a plantation on a rifing ground ; and on the fummit of the hill is a fine pleafure- houfe, which on every fide commands a prcfpe6t cf the country for many miles. PLA1STOW, a village in EiTex, in the parifh of Weft- Ham. PLAISTOW, a village near Bromley, in Kent. POPLAR, a hamlet of Stepney, is fituated on the Thames to the eaff of Limehoufe, and obtained its name from the great num- ber of poplar trees that anciently grew there. The chapel of Pop- lar was ereited in the year 1654., when the ground upon which it was built, together with the churchyard, were given by the Eaft- India company, and the edifice erected by the voluntary contribu- tions of the inhabitants and others ; fince which time that com- pany has not only allowed the Minifter a convenient dwellirg- houfe, with a garden and field containing about three acres, but has allowed him aol. per annum during pleafure. But this chapel for want of an endowment continues unconfecra'ed. Poplar Mai fh, called the Hie of Dogs, from the great noife made lay the King's hounds that were kept there during the refidence of Uie Royal family at Greenwich, is rather an ifthmus than an ifland, and R A N 157 and is reckoned one of the richeft foots of pround in England; for it not only raifes the largeft cattle, but the grafs it' fteai efteenied a great reftorative or all diftempered Cattle* Here are two alms-houfes, befides an hofpital, belonging '0 the Eaft India company. PORTLAND PLACE, north of Caver.dlfh-fqv.ai-e, con f. its of many elegant houfes, and is one of the fined in London. PORTMAN SQUARE, another elegant iquare weft of the preceding article. PRIMROSE HILL, a very nleafant hill between Kilburn and Hamp'tend,. alfo called Green-Ben y-Hill, from the names of the three aftaiTins of Sir Edmundbury Godfrey, who brought him hi- ther after he had been murdered near Someifet Houfe. PUTNEY, a village in Surry, fituated on the Thames, five miles fouth-welt of London, famous for being the birth-place of Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Eflex, whofe father was a blackfmith here. About this village the citizens of London have many plea- fant feats, among which is that of Sir Jofliua Vanneck , Baronet. Here is an old church erecled after the fame model with that of Fulham, on the oppofite fhore, and they are both faid to have been built by two fitters. From hence there is a communication, by means of a wooden bridge, with Fulham. That part of Putney which pins to the Heath, commands a fine view both up and down the river Thames. PRYFORD, or PURFORD, in Surry, the fine feat of the late Denzil Onflow, Efq. fituated two miles from Guildford, on the banks of the Wey. It is rendered extremely pleafant, by the beautiful intermixture of wood and water, in the park, gardens, and grounds adjoining. By the park is a decoy, the firft of the kind in this part of England. R. RAN EL AG H is pleafantly fituated on the north bank of the river Thames, in the village of Cheffea, about two miles Weft of London, and is held in very hirh efteem by the nobi'ity and gentry, as well for its beauty and elegance, as for bein told him th.it the dogs would lick, his blood, as they had done Ahab's. Now, as the King died of a droplkal difordtr, and had been dead a fortnight before he was removed to Sion, it fo hap- pened, that fome corrupted mar.:- of a bloody colour ran through the coffin .at that place j where. iQn the incident, though only a natural confequer.ee of the afon. -id circumstances, was mifcon- ftrued into a completion of Peto's pretended prophecy, and confi- dered as a piece of divine iuftice, inflicted upon the King for having forced the Bi iclgettines from their religious fanftuary. In the next reign the monaftwv was given by the King to his uncle the Duke of Somerfet the Protector, who about 154.7 begad to build Sion Huu lie, and finiihed :he (hell of it as it now remain?, except a few alterations, which will be mentioned in their proper places. The houfe is built on the very fpot where the church be- longing to the mooaftery formerly itood, and is a very large, venerable, and majeftic ftru&ure, built of white ftone, in the form of a follow fquare; jo that it has four external, and as many in- ternal fronts, the latter of which furround a fquare court in the middle. The rocf is flat, covered with lead, and furrounded with indented batfiementSj like the walls of a fortified city. Upon every one of the four outward angles of the roof, there is a fquare turret, flat ro-.fed, and embattled like the other parts of the building. The houfe is three (lories high; and the eaft from, which faces the Thames, is fiipported by arches, forming a fine piazza. The gardens formed two fquare areas, eucioied with high walls before the eaft and weft fronts, and were\Jaid out and finiihed in a very grand manner; but being made at a time when extcnfive vi ?W s were judged to be inconiiltent with that folemn referve and itately privacy affected by the great, they were fo fi'u- II 3 ated. 174 S I O ated as to deprive the houfe of every beautiful profpeft wliich the neighbourhood afforded : none of them at Itaft could be feen from the lower apartments. To remedy in fome meafure that inconvenience, the Piote&or built a very high triangular terrace in the angle between the walls of the two gardens j and this it was that his enemies afterwards did not f'cruple to call a fortifica- tion, and to infmuate that it was one proof amongft many others which they alltge of his having formed a delign very dangerous to the liberies of the King and people. Such was the (fate of the gardens as finifhed by the Proteclor, After his attainder and execution on Jin. 22, 1552, Sion was confifcated to the crown: whereupon the furniture of the apartments in which the Duke had Jived (and they were probably a part of the old monaftery), was given to Sir John Wroth, the Keeper; and the new houfe, that is, the prefent hou/e at Sion, to the Duke of Northumberland, which then became the rtfidence of his fan the Lord Guildford, and his daughter-in law the unfortunate Lady Jane Grey. The Duke being beheaded Auguft 22, 1553, Sion-Honfe once more reverted to the crown. Three years after this, Queen Mary re- itored it to the Bridgetfines ; and it remained in their poffefTion until the fociety was expelled by Queen Elizabeth, in ihe firft year of her reign. Such of the nuns as perfifled in their errors carried away their portable trenfure, and fettled fucceflively at Zurickzee in Zealand, at Mechlin. Rouen, and Jaftiy at Lifbon, where the fociety ftill fuhfifts. Some years after this f'econd diflb- lution, which Sion rnd undergone as a monaftery, it was granted by a leafe of a long term to Hemy Earl of Northumberland, who, in confideration of his eminent fervices to the government, was permitted to enjoy it by paving a very fmall rent as an acknow- ledgement, and even that, When offered, was generally remitted. King James the Firft coniidered his Lordfhip no longer as a te- nant, but gave Sion to him and his heirs for ever. Many im- provements were made in his time j for it appears, from one of his Lordfhip' s letters to the King in 16 13, that he had laid out 9000I. in the houfe and gardens; which fund was probibly ex- pended in flnifhing them according to the Protector's plan. His fon Algernon, afterwards appointed Lord High Admiral of Eng- land, fucceedtd to the eftate in November, 1632. He employed Inigo Junes to new face the inner court, to make many alierations in tne apartment?, and to flnith the great hall in the manner in which it at preftnt appears. It muft not be omitted in the hiftory of this place, that &e Dukes of York and Gloucefter, and the Princefs Elizabeth, were fent hither by an order of the parliament agreed upon AugoA 27, 1646, and, according to Lord Clarendon, were treated by the Earl and Countefs of Northumbeiland in all refpecls mod fuitabie S I O 175 fui table to their birth. The unhappy King frequently vifited them at Sion in 1647, and thought it a very great alleviation of his oaisfortunes to find his children fo happy in their confinement. The Duke of Gioucefler and thr Princefs Elizabeth continued .at: Sion till 1649, at which time the Earl refigned them to the care of his fiiltr the Countefs of Leicefter. May 30th, 1682, Charles Duke of Somerfet married the Lady Elizabeth Percy, the only daughter and heirefs of Jofceline Earl of Northumberland, by which means Sion and the immenfe eftate of the Percies became his Grace's property. The Duke and Duchefs lent this boufe at Sion to the Princefi of Denmark, who honouifd it with her refidence duiing the time of a miTanderftana- ing which arofe between her Royal Highnefs and her filter Qnein Mary. Upon the death of Charles Duke of Somerfet, Dec. 2, 1748, Algernon Earl of Hertford, his only furvivirig fon, fucceedtd to the title and a vail eftate, and foon after' gave Ston to his daughter and fon in law, the late 'Duchefs and prefettt Duke of Northum- berland, to whofe fine talie and liberality are owing the many and great improvements which have made the gardens at Sion lo> univerfally admired. The old gardens, as we have already obferved, were indeed verv grand and magnificent, according to the fafhiori of the age in which they were made j but, in confequence of the tafte thattheiv prevailed* they deprived the lower apartments of alntoii every ad- vantage of profpeel which the fine fituation of Sion-houfe natu- rally affords. To make the neceflary alterations requited nothing )efs than his Grace's generofity. Accordingly the high tila'ngul.1% terrace, which the Protector had raifed at ;i great rje pence, was removed, the walls of the old gardens were taker, down, and the ground before the boufe level'td. and it row form? a fine lawn extended from Ifleworth to Bt- ntford. By theft means alio a beautiful profpect is opened into the King's garden? at Richmond, as well as up and down the Thames. Towards the Thames the lawn is bounded by an hi hi, and a meadow, which his Lordfhip ordered to be cut down into a gentle (lope; fo that the furface of the water may now be feen even from the I owe ft apartments and the gardens. In confequence of theft improve- ments, the moft beautiful piece of fcenery imaginable is formed before two of the principal fronts; for even the Thames itfelf ft ems to belong to the gardens, and the different forts of veffel?,. which fucceffively fail as it were through them, appear to be the- property of their noble proprietor. The houfe (lands nearly in the middle point of that fide of the lawn which is fartheft from the Thames, and communicates with Ifleworth and Brt ntford, either by means of the lawn or a H 4. fine x 7 6 S I O fine gravel- walk, which in fome places runs along the fide, and in others through the middle, of a beautiful fhrubbery ; fo that even in the moft retired parts of this charming maze, where the profpecl is moft confined, almoft the whole vegetable world riles up as it were in miniature around you, and prefents you with every foreign fiirub, plant, and flower, which can be adopted by the foil of tlii s climate. His. Grace has not only thus improved the ground where the old gardens flood, but has alfo made a very large addition to it, and feparated the two parts by making a new Terpentine river. It communicates with tr.e 1 names, is well ltored with all forts of river fifh, and can be emptitd and filled by means ot* a fluice, which is fo contrived as to admit the fifh into the new river, but to prevent their returning back again into the Thames. His Grace has alfo built two bridges, which form a communication between the two gardens, and h.is creeled in that, which lies near Brentfoid, a ftately Doric column, upon the top of which is a fine proportioned ftatue of Flora, fo judicioufly placed as to command, as it were, a diftincl view of the fituation over which flie is fuppofed to prefide. The kitchen gardens are very large, lie at a very proper dif- tance from the houfe, and contain every thing, as an hot houfe, firewalls, &c. The green-houfe is a very neat building with a Gothic front, defigned by his Grace in fo light a iiyle as to be greatly admired. The back and end walls of it are the only re- mains of the old monaftery. This building (lands near a circular bafon of water, well flored with gold and fiiverfifhj and in the middle of the bafon is a fpouting fountain, which is well fupplied and plays without intermiffion What has hitherto be^n faid is only an imperfeel nccount of the feveral fteps purfued in the planning and fini(h ng of the gardens j to which we muff add, that his Grace has alfo made many confider- able alterations in the houfe, fome of which are in a ilyle of mag- nificence not to be equalled in this country. One room, in parti- cular, is furrounded with columns of the rare njt'd antique^ worked at Rome, and brought from thence at an immenfe expence. And if the whole of the prefer, t plan of alteration is completed, Sion- houfe will be one of the moft fplendid and elegant feats in this or any other kingdom. To conduct, as it were, the reader through the rooms would be a tafk too difficult to be executed in an intelligible manner; how- ever, we cannot help taking notice of the great gallery, which - extends the whole length of the eaft front over the arcades, and of that immenfe quantity of old China vafes, of different forms and fizes, which are crowded together in almoft every apartment. We muft alfo inform the reader that many fine profpeefs may be itzrv from the leads on the top of the houfe j for they command a view S T A ry/ view of tHe country to the diftar.ce of twelve or fourteen miles* and conlequeutly the greatelt part of London may be fcen front them. i'o thefe observations we muft add, that the gardens, when viewed from the top of the houfe,. form a finer landfcape than can eafily be conceived. In the hiflory of Sion we mould be guilty of an unpardonable* omiflion, did we not mention the pedigree piclure, which is per- haps one of the greateft curiofities of its kind in England, and exhibits the noble and royal connections of the Percies. SOUTH GATE, in Middlefex, fituate on the verge of Enfield Chace, about two miles to the fouth-eatr of Eaft Barnet. Ir is only a village, but, for beauty of fituation, gentility of neigh- bourhood, and the nvny good houfes it contains, has ever been' greatly admired. The Duke of Chandos has a feat at this place. SOUTH- WEALD, a fmall, pleafant village, near Brentwood, in EITex, where there is a handfome houfe and fine park, belong- ing to Chnftopher Tower, Eiq. in which there is a lofty building, upon an elevated point, that commands a confiderable profpeft. SPAW-FIELD, a field near the New- river- head, Iilington- road, Co called fiom a famous mineral fpring. SQUIRRIES, a fina feat near Welterham. See the article WFSTERHAM. STAINS, or STANES, a populous town in Middlefex, fitu- ated on the Thames, nineteen miles from London. It obtained its name from the Saxon word Stana or ifone, becaufe there an- ciently ftood a boundary (tone in this phec to denote the extent of the city of London's juriidicton upon the river. It has a bridge over the Thames, and is governed by two conftables and four headboroughc, appointed by his Majefty's fteward, on account of its being a IbrdfHip belonging to the crown. The church (lands alone, at ahnoff half a miledifiance from the town. STAMFORD-HILL, a Kill, with a fmall village on its fide* between Newington and Tottenham High Crofs. STANMORE, a large, handfome village in Middlefex, n mile*? from London, in the road to Watford. It contains many handfome houfes, and the profpeel from the common is extenlive and fine. But there are no fprings in the village, though it lies in a vale ; the inhabitants are obliged to fetch all their water from the comiTif:!, which lies upon a hill. STAN WELL, a handfome village in Middlefex, about two miles north eaft of Stains, has a church with a lofty fpire, and a charity fchool. In this parifh is Stanwell Place, the lea! of Sir William Gibbons, Bart, fon of the late Sir John Gibbons, Knight of the Bath. It is a fiat fituation, but commanding great plenty of wood and water. The gardens poflefs no inconsiderable beauties. H 5 STEPNEY, i 7 8 S T E STEPNEY, a very ancient village near London j but, as it it not joined to it by contiguous buildings, we (hall not, after the example of fome of our late compilers, reprefent it as a part of this metropolis. This parifh was of fuch a vaft extent, and fo amazingly en- creafed in buildings, as to produce the panflies of St. Mary Strat- ford at Bow, St. Mary Whhechapel, St. Ann's Limehoufe, St. John's Wapplng, St. Paul's Shadwell, St. George's Ratcliff Highway^ Chritt-Church Spitaifie.ds, and St. Matthew's Bethnal Green; all which have been ieparated from it, and yet it itill remains one of the largeft parishes within the bills of mortality, and contains the hamlets of Mile-End Old and New Towns, Ratcliff, and Poplar. The village of Stepney is remarkable for its church, and the great number of tombftones both in that edifice and its fpacious cemetery. It has alfo an independent meeting- houfe, and an alms houfe. The village, however, is but fmall, and confifts of few houfes betides thofe of public entertainment j vafts crowds of people of both iexes reforting thither on Sundays, and at Eafter and Whitfun holidays, to eat Stepney buns, and to regale them- felves with ale, cyder, &c. There was a church here fo long ago as the time of the Saxons, when it was called the Church of All Saints, Ecclefia Omnium Sa>:£to*-um j and we read of the manor of Stepney undtr the reign of William the Conqueror, by the name of Stibenkede, or Sti- ben's heath j but it does not appear when the church changed its name by being dedicated to St. Dunftan, the name it at prefent bears. To this church belong both a reclory and vicarage: the former, which is a finecure, was in the gift of the Bimop of London, and the latter, in the gift of the rector, till Ridley, Bimop of Loudon, gave the manor of Stepney and the advowfon of the church to Edward VI. who, in his turn, granted them to Sir Thomas Wentworth, Lord Chamberlain of his Houfhold. But the advowfon being afterwards purchafed by the principal and fcholars of King's Hall and Brazen Nofe College, in Oxford, they prefented two perfons to the reclory and vicarage by the name of the Portionifts of Ratcliff and Spitaifields, till the year 1744, when, the hamlet of Bethnal Green being Ieparated from it, and made a new parifh by act of parliament, Stepney became pof- kffed by only one reel or. As this is at prefent a reclory impropriate, the above principal and fcholars receive the great tithes, and the incumbent the fmall, together with the Eafter offerings, garden -pennies, and furplice-fees, which are very confiderable. When the prefent church was erected is not recorded : the wall and battlements are built with brick and wrought ftone, plaiftered over 5 S T E r;^ over ; and the roof is covered with lead. It is of a very confiderable extent j for it is an hundred and four feet long, though it is no more than fifty- four broad : the heightof the roof is thirty-five feet, and that of the tower, with its turret, ninety two feet. The pillars, arches, and windows r are of the modern Gothic; and the weft porch, built in 1610, has no refemblance to the red of the building, it being of the Tufcan order. The tower, which is plain and heavy, is fupported at the corners by a kind of double buttreffes ; it is crowned with fquare plain battlements, without pinnacles, and with a fmall mean turret j and the fame kind of battlements are carried round the body of the church. On the infide are three galleries and an organ, and the altar- piece is adorned with four Corinthian pilalters, with their entabla- ture and a pediment; thefe have gilt capitals, with the arms of Queen Anne carved : but what is mod lingular is a ftone on the eaft fide of the portico, leading up to the gallery, on which is the following infcription : " Of Carthage great I was a ftone, O mortals, real with pity ! Time conl'umes all, it fpareth none, Men, mountains, towns, nor city j Therefore, O mortals ! ail bethink. You whereunto you muft, Since now fuch (lately buildings Lie buried in the duft»" It is probable this ftone was really brought from Carthage, ©therwife this infcription wouid fcarcely be permitted to be there 5 but, as a modern auihor ooicives, it is to he hoped, that he who ordered it to be iixed there, did not go to Carthage on purpofe to fetch it. At the eaft end of the churchyard near the church is a mo- nument of white marble, adorned with a cherub, urn, palm- branches, and a coat of arms, under which is the following in- fcription : " Here lieth interred the body of Dame Rebecca Berry, the wife of Thomas Elton, of Stratford Bow, gent, who departed this life April 16, 1696, aged 54. Come, ladies, you that would appear Ljke angels fair, come dreis you here j Come drefc you at this maible ftone, And make that humble grace your own,. Which once adorn'd as fair a mind- As e'er yet lodg'd in womankind, H 6 So i8o S T R So fhe was drefs'd, whofe humble life Was free from pride, was free from ftrife; Free from all envious brawls and jars (Of human life the civil wars) ; The/e ne'er difturb'd her peaceful mind, Which ftill was gentle, ftill was kind. Her very looks, her garb, her mien, Pifclos'd the humble foul within. Trace her through ev'ry fcene of life, View her as widow, virgin, wife, Still the fame humble fhe appears, The fame in youth, the fame in years ; The fame in low and high eftate, Ne'er vex'd with this, ne'er mov'd with that. Go, ladies, now, and if you'd be "} As fair, as great, as good as me, > Go learn of her humility." } STOKE GREEN, a village in Buckingham/hire, a little to the rorth of Windfor. Sir Thomas Stapleton has here a very hand- i'ome houfe, and large and mod beautiful gardens. In the neighbourhood of this village is Stoke-Houfe, which be- longs to the Lady Cobham, and is a noble and large edifice, with a pleafant park. Adjoining to the houfe is the parifh-chnrch of Stoke, and a neat hofpital, built and endowed by Countefs ot Huntingdon, for the fupport and maintenance of twelve ancient poor people of borh fexes. STOKE-POGES, a village fo called from the Poges, its an- cient lords, is fituated a little to the north of Stoke- Green. Here Edward Lord Haftings, in the reign of Queen Mary, erected a chapel and hofpital, adorned with a portico fupporfed by pillars, that /till remain on the eaft end of this ancient feat. The en- trance to the houfe is like that of the Villa Borghele at Rome, by a great hall paved with marble, and adorned with many fine ancient bufts of the Romsn Emperors, fome of marble, fume of granate, and others of porphyry, brought from Rome by the late Sir Robert Gayer. At the bottom of this hall is a pretty little chapel paved with marble, fceming to rife like fteps. From, this hall there is an entrance into a fine park, with feven avenues ♦ n the form of a liar j from each of which there is a delightful pro'peel, and from one of them a good view of Windfor Caltle. STRATFORD, or STRATFORD LONG -THORN, the firfl village in EfTex, next to London, in the parifh of Weftham. It had an abbey, which, together with the church, was given by Henry Vlfl. to Sir Peter Meautys, of Weftham. This parifh has greatly increafed of late years in buildings and inhabitants, every vacancy being in a manner filled up, by the addition of two little new- S T R 181 new built hamlets, if they may be thus called, on the foreft fide of the town; thefe are Maryland Point, and the Gravel-Pits, one facing the road to Woodford and Epping, and the other that to II- ford : while the hither part, in fpite of rivers, canals, and marfhy grounds, is almoft joined to Bow. STRATFORD LE BOW, a village to the eaft of Mile-End. See Bow. STRATFORD-PLACE, in Oxford ftreet, confifts of feveral elegant hoafes. Lord Aldboiough's houfe is at the top. The place is named from his Lordfhip's family name. STRAWBERRY-HILL, near Twickenham, is the fingular but delightful feat of the Honourable Horace Walpole. It is fitu- ate on the banks of the Thames, and reprefents an ancient abbey. The infide is anfwerable to the external appearance j and the rooms have all the noble fimplicity of antiquity without its decay. The ftate bed-chamber is hung with a plain lilac paper, and almoft covered with drawings finely copied from the originals of Holbein, in black frames. The chairs in this 100m, and indeed through- out the whole houfe, are black ebony exquifitely wrought. The bed, which Hands behind two fcreens of antique carving, in the manner of an alcove, is made in the form of a canopy, fuppoi ted by four fluted pillars of black ebony, and is compofed of the fined lilac broad cloth, lined with white fattin j the whole is adorned with a tufted fringe of black and white : at the top is a moft elegant plume of white oftrich feathers, and above that ano- ther of lilac; but the Gothic tafte is admirably preferved through the whole: the windows are alfo of painted glafs. This is called the Holbein chamber. Mr. Walpole has lately added an apartment to his houfe which he calls the Gobelin room, the furniture of the bed being of that taperrry. He has alfo creeled a chapel in the Roman (tile, in imitation of the church of Santa Maria in Rome, built by Cavelini in 1156. The library contains a fine collection of bocks, and is entirely calculated for learned retirement and contemplation. You are ftruck with an awe at entering it, proceeding from The high embowed roof And antique pillars maffy proof, And fton'ed windows richly dighr, Carting a dim, religious light. Befides the antiquities which form a part of the furniture of this curious place, there are many very capital pictures ; and the whole well deferves the attention of the man of tafte or the antiquary. The learned owner of it has alfo a prefs here, where his own works, and the elegant jeux d'efprit of his particular friends, are printed. STRET- 182 T H A STRETHAM, a village in Surry, fix miles fouth-weft of Lon- don, and three miles to the north of Croydon, ufed to be much frequented for its medicinal waters. It has a charity- fchool, and a feat belonging to the Duke of Bedford, lord of the manor. SUNBURY, a handfome village on the banks of the Thames, about two miles from Hampton Court, which contains feveral ele- gant villas of the nobility and gentry. SWANSCOMBE, in Kent, two miles weft of Gravefend, ha» the remains of camps and forts in its parifh, which the antiqua- rians fuppofe to be Dani/h; particularly on Reads-Hill, in the mounts, and in Swanfcombe park. Thfs is faid to be the place where the Kentifh men, fheltered with boughs in their hands, like a moving wood, l'urprifed William the Conqueror, and, throwing down their boughs, threatened battle, if they had not their ancient cuftoms and franchifes granted to them j to which he immediately confented. SYDENHAM, a pleafant village in Kent, 8 miles from Lon- don, famous for its medicinal wells and fprings. THAMES. As this river is the principal fource of the wealtb of this metropolis, and as the Lojd Mayor's jurifdiclion- over it is very ext nfive, a particular defcription of it in this place can be neither improper nor unneceffary. The Thames, if confidered with reipeSt to its courfe and navi- gation, is not to be equalled by any other river in the known- world. It rifes from a fmall fpring near the village of Hembie, in the parifh of Cuhberly or Coberley, a little to the fouth-weft of Cirencefter, in Gloucefterfhire j and, taking its courfe eaftward,. becomes navigable at Lechlade for veflels of 50 tons, and there receives the river Coin, about 138 miles from London. From Lechlade it continues its courfe north- eait to Oxford, where it re- ceives the Charwel ; after which it runs fouth eaft to Abingdon, and from thence to Dorchefter, where it receives the Thame, and continues its courfe fouth-eaft by Wallingford to Reading, flowing through Berkfhire, Buckinghamfhire, Surry, Middlefex, EiTex, and Kent, and wafhing the towns of Henley, Marlow, Maiden- head, Wind for, Eaton, Stains, Chertfey, Weybiidge, Shepperton, Walton, Sunbury, Hampton, Thames Ditton, Kingiton, Twick- enham, Richmond, Shene, Ifleworth, Kew, Brentford, Mort- lake, Barnes, Chifwick, Himmerfmith, Putney, Fulham, Wandf- worth, Batterfea, Chelfea, and Lambeth, from whence both fhores may be termed a continued city, through Weftminfter, Southward and the city of London, Horfteydown, Wapping,. Rotherhith, T H A 183 Rotherhitb, Shadwell, Ratcllff, Limehoufe, almoft to Deptford and Greenwich j and from tlience this river proceeds to Wool- wich, Erith, Grays, Gravefend, and Milton. It is impoffible to reprefent the beauties with which the banks of this noble river are embellilhed from Windfor to London j the numerous villages on both its banks being all along adorned with the magnificent houfes and fine gardens of the nobility. A perfon unaccuftomed to the fight, cannot behold without furprife the vaft number of barges and boats, as well of pleafure as of burden, above bridge, continually parting and repafling for the convenience and fupply of the towns and counties warned by its gentle ftream ; and much more obferve the vaft fleets which conftantly appear below bridge, carrying away the manufactures of Britain, and bringing back the produce of the whole earth. We mould be inexcufeable, if we did not here introduce Sir John Denham's fine defcription of this river, in his Cooper's Hi//, as it would be difficult to fay any thing fo juft, and impoflible to fay any thing fo well, upon the fubjecl. " My eye defcending from the hill furveys Where Thames among the wanton vallies ftrays : Thames, the moft lov'd of all the Ocean's fons By his old fire, to his embraces runs, Halting to pay his tribute to the lea, Like mortal life to meet eternity. Tho' with thofe ftreams he no refemblance hold, Whofe foam is amber, and their gravel gold j His genuine and lefs guilty wealth t'explore, Search not his bottom, but furvey his fhorej O'er which he kindly fpreads his fpacious wing, And hatches plenty for th' enfuing fpring. Nor then deftroys it with too fond a May, Like mothers which their infants overlay j Nor with a fudden and impetuous wave, Like profufe kings, refume the wealth he gave. No unexpected inundations fpoil The mower's hopes, nor mock the ploughman's toil : But godlike his unwearied bounty flows; Firft loves to do, then loves the good he does. Nor are his blefiings to his banks confin'd, But free and common as the (ea or wind j When he to boaft, or to difperfe his (lores, Full of the tributes of his grateful fhores, Vifits the world, and in his flying tow'rs Brings home to us, and makes both Indies ours ; Finds wealth where 'tis, bellows it where it wants, Cities in deferts, woods in cities plants. r So 184 T H A So that to us nothing, no place is Grange, While his fair bofom is the world's exchange. " O could I flow like thee, and make thy fheara My great example, a3 it is my theme ! Tho' deep, yet clear j tho' gentle, yet not dull y Strong without rage, without o'erflowing full ! Heav'n her Eridanus no more fhall boaft, Whofe fame in thine, like lefler currents left." The great advantage of this river 1*9 the tide's flowing above feventy miles up it, twice in every twenty- four hours ; and hence arifes its great convenience with refpecl to trade and navigation : and as the tide is influenced by the moon, Co each tide is twenty^ four minutes later than that before, and therefore wants but twelve minutes of a whole hour in twenty- four. By this rule the return of the tide, at any diftance from the new or full moon, may be eafily computed by the following tide- table at London- bridge t N. Moon. Hour Min. F. Moon. 3- I 1 3 H 48 2 4 Eg' 31 3 5 14. 4 6 S 7 - 5 6 3" 30 6 7 3 7 1 < 36 8 8 % 24 9 9 3 *7 TO 'O &s 70 1 I 1 1 28- 12 12 26 '3 * c 3 19 14- 2 12 Any pcrfon who nts to be informed - h-n it will be high- water at London bridge rtlay by this table be immediately fatisfied if he does but knov how many davs it is fir.ee the )a»t new for ' moon .. or full fuppofing it is the eighth day after, by looking at 8 in the firft column i.e finds the ride on that'day is at the 8ih hour and 24 mmuirs, or twenty fcu'i minutes paft eight o'clock The Lmd Mayor's juri'd ftion over th- river Thames extends from Coin- ditch, a little to the weftward of Stains- bridge, to Yendal T H A 185 Yendal or Yenleet, to the eaft, including part of the rivers Medway and Lee; and his Lordfhip has a deputy or fubftitute, named the water-bailiff, whole office is tc fearch for, and punifh, all offenders who infringe the laws made for the preiervation of the river and its fi(h. Eight times in the year the Lord Mayor and Aldermen fit in perlbn in the four counties of Middiefex, Surry, Kent, and Effex ; in order to maintain the rights and privileges of this river, and to charge four juries by oath to make inquifition after all offences committed on the river, in order to proceed to judgment againft thofe who are found guilty. The laws with refyccl to riming and preserving the fry and fpawn are very numerous, among which are the following: No fifherman (hall ufe any net under two inches and a half in the mem, above Richmond Crane ; nor any net in the work called beating of the bufh, flag, or reed, of lei's than three inches in the mem ; nor ufe any weights or llones to their nets ; upon the forfeiture of 2I. for each offence. That no pike net, or other net or engine, be drawn over the weeds for catching of pikes, by any fifherman, within the jurilliic- tion of the Lord Mayor, by reafon it is deftrudtive to, and occa- fions the driving of all the other fifh out of thewettern rivers, that would otherwiie lie, fpawn, and breed in the weeds, upon the fame penalty of 2!. for every fuch offence. That nofifheiman fh.ill bend any net by anchors, or otherwife, acrols the channel, or fo as to draw another net into it, whereby the fpuvn of barbel and other fifh may be defhoyed, upon the forfeiture of the fame fum for i»ac> offence. That no fuch per (on fhall draw any net for falmon of lefs than three inches in the mem, from the 10th of March, till the 14th of September, in any part of the river Thames, from Kew- pile wellward, to the city of London mark llone above Stains- bridge, upon forfeiture of 2!. tor every offence. Thatnoperfon fhall take or fell any fifh contrary to the ancient affize : pike, fourteen inches ; barbel, twelve inches ; falmon, 16 inches; trout, eight inches ; tench, eight inches 5 roach, fix inches; dace, fix inches ; and flounders, fix inches. That every fifherman mail have on his boat both his chtiftian and furname. and the name of his pariih, legibly painted, where any one may fee it, on the forfeiture of il. for every offence. No perfon whatsoever fhall fi fh for fmelts or Iliads, or any other fifh whatsoever, or lay leaps or rods for eels, in any place within the Lord Mayor's junfdiCtion, without a licence from the water- bailiff, who fliatl appoint the proper feafons for fifhing; and that upon every fuch occafion all the fifhermen fhall, upon due fum- men* or notice given, repair to the water-bailiff at the chapel at Guildhall; to take out their feveral licences forgoing to fifh, and to 186 THE to hear the ordinances for the prefervation of the fifheries publicly read, that they may be the better able to preferve and keep tnem j and that none go out to fifb without fuch a licence j and hat every fifherman offending herein (hall pay 5I. for every fuch of- fence. For the better preventing the ufe of unlawful nets or 1 , ; ne?, it is faither o-dained. that anv perfon or perfors authorize,. r;y the water- bailiff nay enter any fiuVrman's boats or veffels to view ano (earch for ail unfizeabie nets and engine?, and for any firti they fhall nifpect ro be nken contrary to the laws of this kingdom j to feize and carry fuch nets to the water- bailiff, with the me.s of the offenders, that they may be brought to jufticej liKewife to feize the fifh *aken contrary to law, and diffribute it ; mong the poor : and whoever fh ill refill or d;iiurb the water bailiff, or his deputies, in their fearching for and leiztng unlawful nets, engines, or fifh, fhall forfeit twenty marks. Though the Thames is faid to be nav'gnble an hundred and thirty-eigh- miles irbove bridge, yet there are fo many flats in that courfe, that in the fummer feafon the navigation weltward would be entirely put a flop to when the fpiings are low, were it not for a number of locks, or machines made of wood, placed «jnite acrofs the river, and fo contrived as to confine the cut rent of water as long as found convenient j that is, till the water rifts to fuch a height as to allow depth enough for the barges to pafs over the fhallows ; which being effected, the confined water is fet at liberty, and the loaded veffel proceeds on its voyage, till another ftioal requires the fame contrivance to carry it forward : but though this is a very great convenience, yet it is attended with con- siderable expencej for a barge pafling from Lechiade to London pays for palling through thefe locks * 3I- 1 5s. 6d. and from Oxford to London 12I. 183. This charge is however only in fummer when the water is low; and there is no lock on this river from London-bridge to Bolter's-Iock, that is, for the fpace of fifty one miles and an half above bridge. THEOBALDS, a pleafant village in Chefnunt parifh, in Hert- fordfhire, fituated by the New River. Here the great Lord Bur- leigh built a magnificent feat. " The gallery, fays Hentzner, in his Itineranum, was painted with the genealogy of the kings of England, and from thence was a defcent into the garden, which was encompaffed with a ditch filled with water, and large enough to have the pleafure of rowing in a boat between the fhrubs : it was adorned with a great variety of trees and plants, labyrinths made with much labour, a jet d'eau with its bafon of white marble, and with columns and pyramids. In the fummer- fccufe, the lower part of which was built femicircularly, were the twelve TIL 187 twelve Roman Emperors in white marble, and a table of touch- (tone: the upper part of it was fet round with leaden cifterns, into which water was conveyed through pipes. This feat the Lord Burleigh gave to his younger fon Sir Robert Cecil, in whofe time King James I. (laying there for one night's refreshment, as he was coming to take pofTeflion of the crown of England, he was fo delighted with the place that he gave him the manor of Biftiop's Hatfield in exchange for Theobalds, and afterwards en- larged the park, and encompafft-d it with a wall ten miles round. This palace he often vifited, in order to enjoy the pleafure of hunt- ing in Enfield Chace and Epping Foreft, and at laft died there. In the civil wars it was, however, plundered and defaced j it be- ing the place from whence King Charles I. fet out to erect his (landard at Nottingham. King Charles II. granted the manor to George Monk, Duke cf Albemarle j but it rtvei ting again to the crown, for want of heirs male, King William III. gave it to William Bentinck, whom he creattd Earl of Portland, from whom it defcendcd to the Duke his grandfon. The great park, a part of which was in Hertfordfliire, and apart in Middlefex, is now converted into farms. Here aie feveral houfes belonging to perfons of diftinclion, among which is the handfome new built feat of George Prefcot, Efquiie} and in this neighbourhood R.chaid Cromwell, who had been protestor, but abdicated, parted the latter part of his life in a very private manner. THISTLE WORTH, or ISLE WORTH. See ISLEWORTH. THORNDON-HALL, near Brentwood, in Efl'ex, the newly erefted and very magnificent feat of Lot d Petre. It is a (lately, fuperb edifice, (landing upon a fine rifing ground in the centre of an avenue four miles in length. The park is of considerable extent, finely timbered, and very beautiful. The wood* are very large, and, for variety as well as rarity of trees, are fuppofed to be une- qualled.— The menagerie is a very charming fpot. The houfe contains many fplendid apartments, with a very noble chapel, and the whole of the place well dei'erves the attention of the curious either in art or nature. TO TTERIDGE, a very confiderable village near Thetford and Barnet, about 10 miles from London. Its fituation is mod delightful, adorned with many handfome houfesj and it was greatly- inhabited by the citizens of London fo long ago as the reign of James the Firft. The Saxons are faid to have given it the name of Totteridge, from its fituation on the ridge of a hill. Here is a houfe and park belonging to Mr. Lee. TILBURY, or WEST TILBURY, a very ancient town in Eflex, iituated near the Thames. Here the four proconfular ways, nude by the Romans, crofted, each other, and in the year 630 this" 188 TOT this was the Tea of a bi/hop named Ceadda, who converted rhe Eaft Saxons. In the reign of Edward I. Edward II. and Edward III. it was held of the crown by the family of the Tilbu ies, and from them probably took i*s name. It is fituated by level, unhealthy marines, called the Three Hundreds, which are rented by the farmers, falefmen, and grazing butchers of London, who generally ftock them with Lincolnshire and Leicefterfhire weathers, which are fent hither from' Smith field in September and Oclober, and fed here till Chiiftmas or Candlemas j and this is what the butchers call right marfii muron. TILBURY FORT is fixated in the marfh on the bank of i he Thames, at feme diitance from the above town, from which it took its name, and is placed oppofite to Gravefend. It is a regit Lr fortification, and rruy juftly be termed the kev to London. The plan was laid by Sir Mai tin Beckman, chkf engineer to King Charles II. who likewife dtfigned the works at Sheernefs. It whs intended to be a pern agon, but the water baition was never built. The foundation is hid upon piles driven down in two ranges, one over the other, which reach below the channel of the river, and, the lowermoft being pointed with iron, enter the folid chalk rock, which extends under the Thames, and joins to the chalk hills on the other fide. The efpfanade of the fort is very large, and the baf- tions, which are faced with biick, are faid to be the largeft of any in England. It has a double moat, th* innermoft of which is i 80 feet broad ; with a good counterfcarp, a covered way, ravelins, and terails. On the land fide are aifo two fmall redoubts of brick ; but its chief ftrength on thut fide coniifts in its being able to lay the whole level under water, and by that means to render it impol- fible for an enemy to carry on approaches that way. On the fide next the river is a very (bong curtain, with a noble gate, caiied the waiter-gate, in the ruddle, and the ditch is pa- lifadoed. Before this curtain is a platform in the place of a coun- terfcarp, on which are planted 106 cannon, carrying from 24. to 46 pounds each, bc-fides fmaller ones planted between them 5 and th; baltions and curtains are alfo planted wiih guns. Here like- wife is a high tower caiied the block houfe, which is faid to have hecn built in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. TITTENHANGER, three miles fouth-eaft of St. Alban's, is fituated near Colney, and is a very h^ndfome feat of Philip Yoike, Efq. fon of the late Hon. Charles Yoike, nephew and heir to the Earl of H^.rdwicke. . TOTTENHAM COURT, a village pleafantly fituated be- tween St. Giles's and Hampftead. TOTTENHAM HIGH CROSS, a village on the weft fide of the river Lee, five miles north -eart from London, in the road to Ware. David, King of Scotland, being poffeffed of this manor, after T R I 189 after it had belonged to the Earls of Northumberland and Chefter, gave it to the monaftery of the Trinity in London j but Henry VIII. granted it to William Lord Howard of Effingham, who being af- terwards attainted, it reverted again to the King, who then granted it to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, to whom it ftill belongs. The prefent Duke of Northumberland and the late Lord Coleraine had feats here. That of the former has long been pulled down, and the ground let out upon building leafes. The latter, wheh is called Biuce Caftle, now belongs to Mr. Alderman Townfend, in right of his wife, and is a very noble feat, with fine gardens, &c. Sir Thomas Beauchamp Proctor has a pleafant villa in this place, and the handlbme houfes of merchants and citizens are very numerous. There is a quaker's meeting hue, which occafions great numbers of that feci to make it the place of their country rtfidence. The church Hands on a hill, which has a little river called the Mofel at the bottom, to the weft, north, and eaft. The parifh is divided into four wards, viz. 1. Nether ward, in which (lands the parfonage ar.d vicaiage. 2. Middle ward, com- prehending Churcher.d and Marih ftrett, 3. High crofs ward, containing th? hall, the mill, Page green, and the High crofs : and 4, Wood G:een ward, which comprehends all the reft of the p3rifh, and is bigger than the three other wards put together. St. Loy's Well, in this parifh, is laid to be always full, and never to run over} and the people report many ftrange cures per- formed at Hifhop's Well. In 1596, an alms houfe was founded here by one Zancher, a Spaniard; the fiiit conftclioner ever known in this kingdom. Here are alfo a free-fchool, a charity fchocl for twentv-two girls, who are cloathed and taught, and an alms- houfe built pinfuant to the will of Revnardfon, Efq. TOWriNG. There are two villages of this name in Surry, fituated near each other, and diftinguiftied by the epithets Upper and Lower, Upper Towting lies in the road from Sou:hwark to Epfom, about a mile and a half to the weftward of Stretham, and has an alms houfe founded in 1709, by the mother of Sir John Btteman, Lord Mayor of London, for fix poor alms-women, to be nominated by the eldeft heir of the family ; and is adorned with feveral fine feats belonging to the gentlempn and citraenf of London. Lower Towting is two m'les S. W. of Wandfwor.h ; and here the Lord Grey and the Earl of Lindfey had their feats in the laft century. TRINITY HOSPITAL, at Mile-End, is a very neble and yet unexper.five edifice, rendered beatriful by its fituation, and the agreeable manner in which it is laid out. It confifts of two wings and a centre, wherein is the chaptl, which rifes confidera!>.y higher than the other buildings, and has an afcent to it b> a hand- ipo T W I handfome flight of fteps fecured by iron rails : this chapel hat large windows, and is adorned with a pediment} behind it rifes a turret, ornamented with a clock, and crowned with a fane. On each fide of the chapel are two fets of apartments exactly refem- bling the wings. The wings are low but neat buildings, with an afcent of feven fteps to each pair of doors, fecured by brick walls copped with ftone s and there are fix of thefe afcents to each wing, befides two in the front, one on each fide the chapel. Between each of thefe afcents is a pump fixed clofe to the wall. It is remarkable that all thefe afcents lead to the upper ftory : there are, however, rooms below ; but thefe are under ground, and the windows upon a level with a broad ftone pavement, that fur- rounds the area next the houfes. In the centre of each wing is a handfome pediment, adorned with the company's arms, with the reprefentation of ropes, anchors, and fea weeds, in openwork, fpread over the face of the pediments j and the area within confifts of handfome grafs-plats, divided by gravel-walks, kept in excellent order, leading down the middle, and acrofs to the centre of the area, where is a ftattfe in ftone of Mr. Robert Sandes, well executed. He has a bale of goods placed behind ; he ftands with his right foot upon another bale, and near his left foot is a fmail globe and anchor. On the pedeftal is the following infcription : •* To the memory of Captain Roeert Sandes, an Elder Bro- ther and Deputy- Matter of the Corporation of Trinity- Houfe, who died 1701, and bequeathed to the poor thereof one hundred pounds j alfo the reverfion (after two lives) of a freehold eftate, in the county of Lincoln, of 147I. a year, now in their pof- feffion. This ftatue was erecled by the Corporation, A. D. 1746." The end of each wing next the road has an empty niche, and over it is a very fmall pediment, on each fide of which is placed a fmall fhip. The ground on which this hofpital ftands was given to the Cor- poration of the Trinity- Houfe by Capt. Henry Mudd, an Elder Brother 5 and the above beautiful and commodious building erected by the company in the year 1695, for the reception of twenty-eight matters of mips, or their widows, each of whom receives 16s. per month, aos. a year for coals, and a gown every fecond year. TWICKENHAM, a pleafant village in Middlefex, thirteen miles from London, fituated on the Thames, between Teddington and Ifleworth, and between two brooks that here fall into that river. The church, which is a modern edifice, rebuilt by the con- tribution of the inhabitants, is a fine Doric ftrufrure ; and is re- markable for being the burial-place of the celebrated Mr. Pope and his parents, to the memory of whom a monument is erected, •with the following infcription : « D. T W I 191 " D. O. M. Alexandro Pope, viro innocB^, probo, pio, Qui vixit annos LXXV ob. MDCCXVII. Et Editnae conjugi inculpabili PientifTimae, qui vxit annos XCIII oh. md cxxxiir. Parentibus bene meientibus filius fecif, Et fibi obiit an. 1744.. -^E fat > s S 6 '" And the late Dr. Warburton, Bifhop of Gioucefter, caufed ano- ther to be erecled to the memory of Mr. Pope, on which if infcribed as follows : tl Alexandro Pope M. H. Gulielmus Epifcopus G'ouceftrienfis, Amicitiae caufa, fac. cur. MDCCLXI. Here is a charity- fchool for fifty boys, who are cloathed and taught; and this delightful village is adorned with the fats of feveral ptrfons of diftincYion, particularly on the bank of the river. To begin at the upper end : there is a-n elegant Gothic feat called Strawberry Hill, belonging to the Honourable Mr. Walpole j then a beautiful houfe, late the Earl of Radnor's, now in the pofleflion of Mr. Hmdley. The next of confiderable note is the villa of the Right Honourable Welbore Ellis, formerly the refi- by Captain Tucker, in the Fowey man of war. Next is a femi- circle of pavilions, with a temple and dome at each end, and the fpace in front decorated with trees. In the middle, on a pedeftal, is a beautiful maible ftatue of the famous Mr. Handel, in character of Orpheus playing on his lyre, done hi the celebrated Mr. Roubiliac. This was the firft great difplay of that fculptor's abilities, at lead for the public eye j and was approved of by Mr. Pope. A rare inltance of a ftatue only to living merit ! It is not fo large as life, tho' very like the original ; for there was no block of marble large enough in England, at that time, for the purpofe, as Pope fomewhere expreffes it, to " Hew off the marble, and draw out the man." The remainder cf the paintings in this range are, 1. Bird-catching, by a decoy with a whiftle and net. a. The play of fee- law. 3. The fairies dancing on the green by moonlight. 4.. The milk maid's garland, with its ufual attendants. <. The kifs ftolen. Here ends the boundary of the grove on this fide; but, turning on the left, we come to a walk that runs along the bottom of the gardens : on each fide of this walk are pavilions, and thofe on the left hand are decorated with the following paintings : , 1. A northern chief, with his princefs and her favourite fwan, placed in a fledge, and drawn on the ice by a horfe. a. The play of hot- cockles. 3. An old gypfy telling fortunes by the coffee-cups. _ 4. The cutting of flour, a Chnftmas gambol [which is by pla- cing a little ball at the top of a cone of flour, into which all are to cut with a knife, and whoever caufes the ball to fall from the iummit V A U 36 3 fummit muil take it out with their teeth ; which is reprefentcd in the painting]. 5. rhe play of cricket. On the oppolite Tide is a row of pavilions, with a Gothic railin^ in the front of them j and at the extremity of this walk is another entrance into the gardens from the road. At the other end of the walk, adjoining to the Prince's pavilion, is a imaJl femi-circle of pavilions, defended in front by a Gothic railing, and ornamented in the centre and at each end with Gothic temples » in both the lat- ter are fine glals chandeliers and lamps j the former is ornament* J in front with a portico, and the top with a Gothic tower and a handfome turret. In all thefe pavilions the mufic is very diltinclly heard, and from molt of them are profpefts of the noble villas and other agreeable objecls. Having finilhed our defcription of the grove, and every part of its ornaments, we will now take a lurvey of the other parts of the gardens. From the upper end of the walk laft defcribed, where we con- cluded the lilt of the paintings, we may fee a long narrow villa that runs to the top of the gardens j this is called Hie Druid's or lover's walk, and on both tides of it are rows of lofty trees, one cf which, meeting at the top, and interchanging its boughs, forms a de- lightful verdant canopy. Among there trees btnld a number of fine fmging birds, fuch as nightingales, blackbird?, rhnjfh.es, &c. whole fweet harmony adds a peculiar plealure to this rural fcene. At night the look along this Goihic walk preitnts a \iew of an anchoret's cell, by means of the lamp in the box at the termination. The contiguous walk is an open one, and was covered with cockle- (lie! Is, in the memory of the writer of this, and has one of the fineil rows of high elm- trees that is to be met with, towards the coach gate as it is called. Returning to the grove., and placing ourielvcs near the flatue of Handel, we may by looking up the garden behold a noble vifta, which is called the grand fouth walk, of the fame lize as that ken at our fir It entrance, and running parallel wi;h it. This villa was formed by lofty trees on each fidej hut a pecuiiar air of grandeur was added to it by three Iplendid triumphal arches : the proipect was terminated by a large and fine painting of t he ruins of Palmyra, which deceived many Itrangers, and induced them at flirt fight to imagine they really law a pile of ruins at Come diilance : the trium- phal arches conduced greatly towaids this deception, as they con- fined the profpect to the painting only, and feemed like an entrance to a nearer view of thole decayed Itru&ures of ancient grandeur. The arches were made of wood, covered with canva?, on which the columns were painted j and above was a double pediniei.t, enriched with figures, &c» On each fide of the grand arch was a l'mall one I 6 brightened 2le view of architecture, designed by Mr. Profellbr Sandby, and painted by Mortimer. At night, a tran (parent fcene is difplayed, which was the per- formance of the fame excellent pointer* Near the centre of the gardens is a crofs gravel-walk, formed by (lately trees on each fide. On the right hand it is terminated by the trees which made the lover's walk ; and at the extremity, on the left, is a beautiful landfcape painting of ruins and running water, which with great juftice to the artiil is reckoned a matter - piece. From our fituation to view this painting is another gravel- walk that leads up the gardens, formed en the right fide by a wildernefs, and on the left by rural downs, as they are termed, in the form of a long fquare, fenced by a net, with feveral. little eminences in it after the manner of a Roman camp. There are likewife feveral bufhes, from under which a few years ago fubterrantous mufical founds were heard, called by fome the fairy mufic : hence they acquired the apellation of mufical bufhes, which no doubt put tnany people in mind of the vocal foreft, or that imaginary being called the genius of the wood ; but the natural damp of the earth being found prejudicial to the inftruments, this romantic enter- tainment has ceafed. The downs are covered with turf, and plea- fngly interfperfed with cyprefs, fir, yew, cedar, and tulip trees. On one of the eminences is a ftatue of our great poet Milton, nearlv furrounded with bufhes, and feated on a rock, in an atti- tude liftening to foft mufic, as defcribed by hinifelf in his II Penferofo. It is now illuminated every night with lamps, and was call in lead by Roubiliac. At the upper end of thefe downs is a gravel-walk, formed on each fide by lofty tiee>, which runs acrofs the gardens, and termi- nates them this way. In this walk is a beautiful profpecl of a fine meadow (furrounded with park pales), in which the obelifk ftands. This profpecl is made by the trees being oppcfite the grand walk (which runs from the entrance into the gardens), and a ha-ha is formed in the ditch to prevent the company going into the field. At each end of this walk is a beautiful painting j one is a building with a fcaffold and a ladder before it, which has often deceived the eye very agreeablyj the other is a view in a Chinefe garden. The principal part of all thefe charming walks form the boundaries of wildernefTes compofed of trees which /hoot to a great height, and are all inclofed with a beautiful efpalier, fomewhat in the Chinefe tafte. In a dark night the illuminations are very beautiful, and cannot fail to furpriie and delight every fufceptible fpe£tator } but in a moon- light night there is fomething more peculiarly pltrafmg, i ■ which V A U 205 \frhich fo ftrongly aflfe&s the imagination, that it almoft infliU an idea of enchantment. When the mufic is finished, great numbers of the company retire to the pavilions to fupper, and fome are attended witu French horns and other mufic. To invite and detain their ciUromers the longer, the proprietors began, lall feafon, to employ two fets of Savoyards, died characteriltically, to play and keep walking round the boxes, whiltt the company are at fupper, who give thtm number of pleafing Scotch, French, Irifh, Englifh, and Venetian tunes till twelve. They are engaged at a confiderable expence j and give great variety to the fcenery. They are not permitted to take money, nor drink at the tables. A curious and contemplative fpectator may at this time enjoy a particular pleafure in walking round the grove, and furveying the brilliant guefts : the multitude of groups varying in figure, age, drefs, attitude, and the vifible difparity of their humours, might form an excellent ichool of painting 5 and fo many of our lovely countrywomen vifit thefe blifsful bowers, that were Zeuxis again to attempt the picture of Venus, it is from hence, and not from Greece, that he would borrow his image of perfect beauty. Nothing is wanting that can contribute towards the convenience of this entertainment j every thing is ferved in the beft manner, and with the greateft readinefs. About an hundred nights make the feafon of Vauxhall; and the average of about one thoufand perfons per night is fuppofed to make a good feafon to the proprietors. On June 25, 1781, there were more than eleven thoufand perfons in the gardens, owing to the permiffion of his Royal Highnefs the Duke of Cumberland (whom the proprietors juftly honour as their patron) to notify his intention of lupping in the gardens with his Duchefs ; and to its being the failing- day for the cup on the Thames, an anniverfary donation of his Royal Highnefs. This was the moil memorable inftance, of paft or prefer.t times, where fo nuny people aflembjtd and paid admiffion money, where the invitation and entertainment was mufic, and where feven thoufand perfons were accommodated with previsions and refreshment on fo fma!l a fpot. Here it may not be amifs to fubjoin an account of the provifions as they are fold in the gardens. s. d* Burgundy, a bottle --■ ■ ■ - 7 6 Chainpiigne 10 6 Frontiniac » - 7 o Claret . 6 o Old Hock — —60 Madeira . — — . 5 o Rhenifh — - ■ ■ ■-- 3 o Sugar 206 v A U Sugar for a bottle — Ditto for a pint 1 Mountain, a bottle Red Port Liibon . Cyder ■■ ■ .. A quart of arrack Two pound of ice Table-beer, a quart mug A chicken » ■ - A plate of ham A plate of beef A plate of collared beef A potted pigeon A lettuce A cruet of oil — — Lemon ■ ■ A flice of bread A bifcuit A pat of butter — — A llice of cheefe — — A tart A cuftard — A cheeiecake - ■ ■ A heart-cake — A Shrewibury cake A plate of anchovies A plate of olives — A cucumber- — A jelly Wax lights — — UXBRIDGE, a town in Middltfex, in the road from Lon- don to Oxford, from the fir ft of which cities it is diftant fifteen miles. Though it is entirely independent, and governed by two bailiffs, two conftables, and four headboroughs, it is only a hamlet to Gieat Hil'ington. The river Coin runs through it in two it) earns, full of tiour, eels, and other fifh ; and, over the main ftream is a (tone bridge that leads into Buckinghamshire. The church, or rather chapel, was built in the rtign of Henry VI. This town has many good inn?, and is particularly Hif- tinguifhed by the whitenefs of the bread, particularly the rolls. There are many corn mills at a fmail difhnce, and a considerable number of waggon loads of meal are carried fiom thence every week to London. Uxbridge gives the title of Earl to the noble fami'y of Paget; and is famous for a treaty carried en here be- ween Charles 1. and the" parliament in the year 1644 r the houfe ufed /. £. 6 3 3 z 6 z 6 I 8 1 6 3 1 1 2 j 6 4 3 1 X z z l 4 4- 2 2 1 1 6 6 1 4- W A N 207 ufed on the occafion i* ftill (landing, and is that oppofite a miller's at the end of the town. Near Uxbridge are the remains of an ancient camp, which is fuppofed to be Britifh. W. YI7ALHAM, a village near FuJham, where are fome genteel * * houfes and good gardens. WALTHAM ABBEY, a village in EfTex, on the eaft fide of the river Lea, which, here dividing, inclofes ibme ifhnds with fine meadows, and parts it from Waltham Crofs. The abbey, from whence it took its name, was built in honour of the holy crofs, by Harold fon to Earl Godwin, to whom Edward the ConfefTor gave the village ; and this abbey Harold endowed with Weft Waltham, now called Waltham Crofs, and fixteen other manors. Its abbots, who were mitred, and had the twentieth place in parliament, lived in a moft fplendid, but hofpitabie manner, and were frequently vifited by Henry III. when he was reduced, and obliged to carry his family about for a dinner. The abbey was, at its diffolution, beftowed by King Henry VIII. on Sir Anthony Denny, his groom of the ftole, whofe giandfon afterwards employing workmen to convert it into a feat for him- felf, they are laid to have dug up the corpfe of Harold, whc», after being flain in battle 3gainft William the Conqueror, was at his mother's requeft, by the Conqueror's confent, interred in the abbey. Waltham Abbey was the feat of Sir William Wake, Bart. fon of Jones, Efq. who was of the Wake family, but aMumed the name of Jones, for fome eftate left to him ; but Sir William rather chufes to be called Wake, as a noble and anciuit name. Sir William has pulled down the houfe. WALTHAM CROSS, alfo called Weft Waltham, is a pott and market town on the weft fide of the river Lea, in Middlefex, in the road to Ware, 11 miles and * from London. It takes its dilringuifhing epithet from the crofs built there by Edward I. in honour of his beloved Queen Eleanor, whofe corpfe in its way from Lincolnfhire to London refted here. It is a noble edifice ; and round it were feveral effigies. «ith not only the arms of England, but alfo Caftille, Leon, Poiclou, &c. which are now greatly defaced. WALTHAMSTOW, a village in EfTex, fituated on the river Lea, contiguous to Low Layton. Here are three manors, Wal- itbanaftow Tony or High hail, Walshamftow -Frances or Low- hall, which was the manor of the late J. Conyers, Efq. ana the manor of the Rectory, which once belonged to Trinity- abbey in London. Jn this parifh are feveral ancient feats, and handfeme houfes, belonging 208 W A L belonging to perfons of diftinclion, the mod remarkable of whkh was that of Higham-hall, pleafantly fituated upon Higham-hill, a rifing ground, about half a mile north from Clay- iti eft, juft above the river Lea, overlooking the counties of Middlefex and Hertfordfhire, and commanding a molt delightful and extenfive profpett. It has been a magnificent and fpacious fabric j and in ancient times, when the lords refided upon their royalties, no place could be more admirably fituated than this manfion, erected at the top of the hill of Higham, and having within its view the whole extent of its jurifdiclion : but there are now hardly any traces of its ancient grandeur remaining. The church of Walthamftow, dedicated to the BlefTed Virgin, is a large edifice, fituated upon a hill, and confifts of three ailes : that on the north fide, built by Sir George Monox, Knt. Alder- man, and Lord Mayor of London in the reign of Henry VIII. is called Monox's aile j that on the fouth fide bears the name of Thome's aile, from a citizen and merchant taylor of that name, who was probably at the expence of building it. In this church are a great number of monuments. Before the communion table, within the rails, is a piece of mar- ble over the body of Dr. Pierce, Bifhop of Bath and Wells. On leaving the altar there is a monument erected to the memory of Sir Thomas Stanley, Knt. fecond fon to the Earl of Derby, on which there is the effigy of a lady on her knees j befides which there are many others. WALTON, a village in Surry, fituated on the Thames, oppa- fite to Shepperton, in Middlefex. Here are the remains of an ancient camp, confiding of about twelve acres of land, fuppofed to have been a work of the Romans j and from this village runs a vallum, or rampart of earth, with a trench as far as St. George's Hill in this parifh. It is faid, that Middlefex once joined to this town, til!, about 300 years ago, the old current of the Thames was changed by an inundation and a church destroyed by the waves. At this place is a very curious bridge over the Thames ; erecled by the public- fpiiited Samuel Decker, Efq. who lived in this town, and who, applying to parliament for that purpoie, obtained, in the year 1747, an ac ^ to empower him to erect a bridge there, and this admirable ftruclure was completed in Auguft, 1750. It confifts of only four ftone pitrs, between which are three large huts arches of beams and joifls of wood, llror.gly bound togethe. with tuortifes, iron pins, and cramps. Under thele three arches the water coniiantly runs : befides which there are five other arches of brick- work on each fide, to render the afcent and defcent the more eafy ; but there is fddom water under any of them, except in great floods j and foui of them on the Mid- dlefex WAN 209 dlefex fide are flopped up, they being on high ground above the reach of the floods. The middle arch, when viewed by the river fide, affords an agreeable profpect. of the country, beautifully diverfified with wood and water, which is feen through it to a confiderabfe diftance. The prodigious compafs of this great arch, to a perfon below, occafions a very uncommon fenfation of awe and furprize: and his altonimment and attention are encreafed whtn he proceeds to take notice, that all the timbers are in a falling pofition ; for there is not one upright piece to be difcovered ; and at the fame time confiders the very fmall dimenfions of the piers by which the whole is fupported. In parting over this bridge, when you have proceeded pad the brick- work, the vacant interfaces between the timbers yield, at every ftep, a variety of profpects, which, at the centre, are i'eea to a ftill greater advantage. But though each fide is well fecured by the timber and rails, to the height of eight feet; yet as it affords only a parapet of wide lattice work, and the apertuies feem, even to the eye, large enough to admit the paffage of any perfon to go through, provided he climbs, or is lifted up, and as the water is feen through every opening at a great depth below, thofe unufed to fuch views cannot approach the fide without fome apprehenfions. It would, indeed, have been eafy to have clofiid thefe openings between the braces and rails with boards ; but they are purpofel'y left open to admit a free p;i(Tage for the air, in older to keep the timbers the more found, and that the leaft decay may be the more eafily perceived and repaired. From this admirable bridge the nobility and gentry in this neighbourhood find a very agreeable benefit, efpecially as the ferries are dilatory, dangerous, and at times impaflable j and its being erected has caufed the roads thereabouts in both counties, efpecially On the Surry fide, to be greatly improved. WANDSWORTH, a village in Surry, htuated between Bat- terfea and Putney, is faid to obtain its name from the river Wandle, which paMes through it, under a brrdge called the Jink of ihe country, into the Thames. Here are feveral handforae houfes belonging to the gentry and citizens of London. WANSTED, a village in Eflex, adjoining to Woodford, and feparated from Barking parifh by the river Koding. There are in this place and its neighbourhood feveral fine feats of the nobi- lity, gentry, and wealrhy citiEens ; but their luft-e is greatly eclipfed by Wantted houfe, the magnificent feat of the Earl of Tilney. This noble feat was prepared by Sir Jofuh Child, his Lordlhip's grandfather, who added to the advantage of a fine fituation a vaft number of rows of trees, planted in avenues and viftas leading up to the fpot of ground wiiere the old houfe /rood. The 210 WAN The late Lord, before he was ennobled, laid out the mod fpacioua pieces of ground in gardens that are to be feen in this part of England. The houfe was built fince thefe gardens were finilhed, and is a magnificent edifice upwards of 260 feet in length, and 70 in depth, fronted with Portland (tone, which, where it is not difcoloured by the fmoke, as in London, continues to grow whiter, the longer it is expofed to the open air. The fore-front of the houfe has a long vifta that reaches to the great road at Leighton-Stone, and from the back-front facing the gardens is an eafy defcent that leads to the terrace, and affords a moft beautiful prolpecl of the river, which is formed into canals; and beyond it the walks and wildemefles extend to a great dif- tance, riling up the hill, as they floped downwards before ; fo that the fight is loft in the woods, and the whole country, as far as the eye can reach, appears one continued garden. The houfe was built by the late Earl of Tilney, and defigned by Col. Campbell, and is certainly one of the nobleft houfes not only in the kingdom, but in Europe; and its grand front is thought to be as fine a piece of architecture as any even in Italy. It confifts of two ftories, the ftate and ground ftory. This latter is the bafement, into which you enter by a door in the middle underneath the grand entrance, which is a noble portico of fix Corinthian columns, fupporting a pediment in which are the arms of this* nobleman. Under this is the landing place from a double ftone ftair-caje, which leads to the grand hall. This room is 53 feet long by 4.5 broad. The cieling repiefents Morning, Noon, Evening, and Night. Over the chimney, Mr. Kent, the painter. Three pictures byCafali;the fubjecls, Coriolanus, Porfenna, and Pornpey taking leave of his family. Two antique ftatues of Agrippina and Domitian. Four ftatucs of Poetry, Painting, Mufic, and Architecture. Four vafes. The door-cafes of this room are plain, and but little carved, tkough in a good ftyle. The chimney piece heavy. Dining-room, z? feet fquare. Over the doors, St. Francis and a Madona. Over the chimney, a ruin. Portraits of Earl of Tilney. His Lady. Sir.Jofiah Child. His Lady. His brother. His.fifler. Drawing room, 17 feet fquare. Over the doors, a Magdalen, and Herodias. Over WAN an Over the chimney, a Madona. Bedchamber, 24 feet by ao. Five views. Light Clofet. Three Madonas. Another light Clofet. A Turkifh lady. Converfation, by Hogarth, in which are introduced the late Earl, his Lady, their children, tenants, &c. Scenes of the Italian comedy, two pictures, and fome others. Thefe rooms form the front line to the left of the hall. The fuite of apartments to the right of the hall confills of A Dining-room, 25 feet fquare. The pa-nting on the cieling reprefents the Seafons. The other pictures are, Lord Chief Juftice Glyn and his family, by Sir P. Lely. Holy family. Three landicapes. Drawing-room, 30 feet by 25. The cieling painted, the fubjeft Jupiter and Semele. Three flower pieces, by Baptift. The room hung with tapeitry, the fubje£r Darius and Alex- ander. The chimney-piece in this room is elegant : an eagle taking up a fnake, in white marble, is let into the centre of it. Bedchamber, 25 feet by 22. Apollo and Narciflus, "} , , Satyrs, j 0V£r the do0rS - Cupid, over the chimney. Ball-room. This room is 75 feet by 27, and runs the whole breadth of the houfej it is very elegantly fitted up with gilded ornaments of all kinds, and hung with tapeitry, the fubjeds of which are Tele- machus and Calypfo. Ovei the chimney, Portia, by Scalken. State Bedchamber, 27 feet by 22. Venus fleeping, ") . , Adonis deeping, 5 ° VCr the d °° rS ' Venus and Pi'yche, over the chimney. Diana and Endymion. Drefling-room, 27 feet by 25. It is hung with tapeitry. Four landicapes. Anti chamber 40 feet by 27. Hung with tape dry. Seven 2iz WAN Seven pictures of ruins. This room is ornamented with a curious cabinet, an elegant chimney-piece of vhite marble, and marble tables.- Saloon, 30 feet fquare. The chimney-piece of white marble t over it, Pandora, by Nollikins. Three ftatues, Apollo antique Flora, ") ___ ' Bacchus, i W,lton ' Dining room, 40 feet by 27. Three pictures painted by Cafali, viz. Alexander directing Apelles to paint Campafpe. The continence of Scipio. Sophonifba taking poifon. Two iandfeapes^ Three ruins. ' Drawing-room, 27 feet fquare. Over the chimney, Angelica and Medoro, by Cafali. Bedchamber, 77 feet by 21. Hung with crimfon velvet, the bed the fame, and lined with an Indian fattin, white, trailed with coloured flowers. A picture of ruins. DreiTing-room, 26 feet by 18, hung with crimfon velvet. A picture, by Nollikins. Under the hall is a very noble arcade, out of which is a com- mon dining parlour, 40 feet by 35, from whence we enter a bn-nk- faft room, 30 feet by 25, ornamented with prints by the rr.ott eminent matters, palled on a pale yellow coloured paper, with engraved borders, and difpofed in a manner which difplays great tafte. JBefore this houfe is a circular bafon, which feems equal to tfie length of the front: here are no wings, though it feems probable it was the original defign of the architect. On each fide, as you approach the houfe, are two marble ftatues of Hercules and Venus, with obelifks and vales alternately placed, which makes fume atonement for the defect jufi: mentioned. The garden front has no portico, but a pediment with a bas-relief fupported by fix three- quarter columns. In the garden is a curious grotto. The parifh- church was rebuilt, chiefly by the liberality of Sir Richard Child, Bart. Lord Vifcount Caftlemain j snd in the chan- cel is a veiy fuperb monument for Sir Jofiah Child, whofe ftatue in whit? marble ftards pointing downward to the infeription. Underneath lies the figure of Bernard, his fecond fon ; and on each fide fits a -woman, veiled, one leaning her head upon her hwd, and the other clofing her hands and wringing them. There are WES »ij are alfo feveral boys In mourning poftures, and one exprefling the vanity of life by blowing up a bubble. WARE, a town in Hertford (hire, fituated on the river Lea, twenty two miles from London. As this town lies low, and upon a level with the river, it was drowned in the year 14.08, by floods from the neighbouring park and other uplands j and fluices and wears being made in its river to preferve it from the like inundations, Camden fuppofes, that it from thence acquired the name of Ware. The town confiils of one ftreet about a mile long', with feveral back ftreets and lanes well inhabited. The church is large, built in the form of a crofs, and has a handfome gallery erecled by the Governors of Chrirt Church Hofpital in London j but the fchool, which was foimerly for the younger children of that hofpital, is removed to Hertford, which is thought to enjoy a purer air. The plenty of water about this town gave rife to that admirable project of cutting a channel from hence for conveying the New River to London. Here is a very confiderable market for corn j and fo threat is the malt trade here, and in the neighbourhood, that 5000 quarters of malt and other corn are frequently fent in a week to London, by the barges which return with coals. Here are a fchool for the younger children of ChrifVs hofpital in London, a charity fchool, and fix or ftven alms-houfesj snd at the Bull- Inn was a great bed much vifited by travellers, it being twelve feet fquare, and faid to hold twenty people. WARE PARK belongs to William Phimer. Efq. This is a -mo ft beautiful fituau'on, upon a hill rifing above that rich and beautiful vale which is terminated by the towns of Ware and Hertford. The houfe is a very handfome one, and the park has ail the advantages which ariie from inequality of ground, water, plantations, and a fine circumjacent country. WATFORD, a n-.aiket-town in Hertford/hire, on the eaft-fide of Crt/hiobury, and feventeen miles from London, is fituated upon the Coin, where it has two ftreams that run feparatdy to Rick- manfworth. The town is Very long, but confirh of only one -lireer, which is extremely dirty in winter; and the waters of the river at the entrance into the (own were frequently lo much fwelled by flood* as to be imp?iF-ible : but, in the year 1750, the road at the entrance at Watford was raiftd by a voluntary con- tribution ; by which means the river is now confined within its proper bounds. Hire are a free-fchocl and feveral alms-houfts-", and in ihe church fome handfome monumems. WESTERHAM, or WES i RAM, a neat well-buili maiket- town, on the welter n borders of K^nt, fraiMtd about right miles to the weft of Sevenoak. Near this place a very nob!?- feat was begun to be built by a private gentleman j but it was finiflied by tbe 2x 4 W I M the late Earl of Jerfey, and called Squirries. The houfe ftands on a fmall eminence with refpect to the front; but on the back of the edifice the ground rifes very high, and is divided into feveral fteep flopes. Near the houfe are fome woods, through which are cut feveral ridings. On the other fide of the hill behind the houfe arife nine fprings, which, uniting their flreams, form the river Dart, or Darent. Wefterham is celebrated for being the birth-place of that emi- nent defender of civil and religious liberty, Dr. Benjamin Hoadley, Bifnop of Winchefter. It was here alfo that General Wolfe was born : he lies buried in the parifh-church ; and on the monument ere&ed to his memory is the following infcription : " James, Son of Colonel Edward Wolfe, and Henrietta his wife, Was born in this parifh, January a, 1727 ; And died in America, Sept. 13, 1759, Conqueror of Quebec. While George in forrow bows his laurell'd head, And bids the ariift grace the foldier dead j ■ We raife no fculptur'd trophy to thy name, Brave youth ! the faireft in the lifts of fame : Proud of thy birth, we boaft th' aufpicious year; Struck with thy fall, we ihed the general tear j With humble grief infcribe one artlefs ftone, And with thy matchlefs honours date our own." WEST HAM, a pleafant village, about a mile from Stratford (a hamlet of the parifh), in the Effex road, thus named from another Ham on the eaft, calltd Eaft Ham. Here are the country- houfes of feveral wealthy citizens. WEYBRIDGE, a village in Surry, four miles fouth-weft of Hampton Court, took its name from a bridge formerly erected here over the river Wey. About this village are feveral fine feats, particularly thofe of the Duke of Newcadle, and the Earl of Portmoie. Tne latter was beautified by the Countefs of Dorchef- ter, in the reign of King Jmies II. and has a fine walk of acacia- trees, which when firft planted were efteemed great curiofities. Among the advantages of the other is a noble ten ace walk, raifed fo high above the neighbouring ground, as to afford a fine profpect of the country and the river. For fome further account of both thefe feats, fee Oatlands and Ham Farm. WIMBLEDON, a village in Surry, three miles from Putney, celebrated in hiftory for a bloody battle fought here in the 6th century, between Cheviine, King of the Weft Saxons, and Etheibert, King of Kent. The manor was the property of the late Duchtfa of Marlborough, who built a fine houfe here, and left it to W I N- 215 toiler grandfon, John Spencer, Efq. whofe ion, the prefent Earl Spencer has made it one or" the fineft parks in England. Near it is a large common, where his Majefty often reviews fuch regiments as are quartered near London ; and along the fides of the heath the opulent citizens of London have feveial good villas. WINDSOR, fo called from its winding fliore, is a pleafant and well-inhabited borough, twenty- three miles from London, agree- ably iituated on the iouth bank of the Thrmes, in the midft of delightful vallies. Its church is a fpacious ancient building, fituated in the High-ftreet of the town ; in which is alfo the town- boufe, a neat regular edifice built in 1686, and fupported with columns and arches of Portland (tone : at the north end is placed in a niche the itaiue of Queen Anne, in her royal robes, with the globe and other regalia ; and underneath, in the frize of the en- tablature of the lefler columns and arches, is the following infcription in gold letteis: Anno Regni VI C « Dcm. 1707. Arte tua, fculptor, non eft imitabilis Anna j Anna: vis fimilem fculpere ? fculpeDeam. S. Chapman, Piaetore. And in another niche on the fouth fide is the ftatue of Prince George of Denmark, her Majtfty's royal confort, in a Roman military habit, and underneath is the following infcription ; SerenifTimo Principi Georgio Principi Dania?, Heioi omni faeculo venerando, Chnitophorus Wren, Arm. Pofuit. MDCCXIir. In the area, underneath the town -hall, the market is kept every Saturday, and is plentifully fupplied with corn, meat, rlfli, and all other provifions. Befides the cattle, the chief ornament of the place, many gen- tlemen of fortune and family conftantly refide in the town and its neighbourhood. The Duke of St. Aiban's had till lately a large houfe on the eaft fide of the town, and on the entrance into the little park, with pieafant gardens extending to the park. But his pre- fent Majeftv pur:hafed this houfe a few years ago ; and, having made confiderable additions to it, and one entire new building, which is both handfome and commodious, the whole is now called the z*ueen"s-Lodze f and is the refidence of their Majefties whenever they are at Wind:6r. They are very fond of this place, and are conftantly mnking improvements at it. When his Majefly is here, he is totally retired from public bufinefs; and it is the etiquette for none of his minifters to come here : difpatches are fent aif W I N fent to his Majefty, and anfwers, when neceflary, are returned} but no other kind of communication is permitted. On the fouth fide of the town is Sir Edward Walpole's houfe, a neat regular building, with large gardens beautifully laid out. Here Marflial Belleifle refided while he was prifoner in England. The town of Windfor has lately been much improved, the ftreets new paved with heath- ftone, brought from the foreft j and a broad flat pavement has been made for foot pafTengers, with lamps, &c. fimilar to the ftreets of London. Admiral Keppel, when member for Windfor, gave 500I. towards the expence ; as did alfo the Honourable Mr. Montagu ; and the King gave 1000I. WINDSOR CASTLE, the moll delightful palace of our So- vereigns, was fir ft built by William the Conqueror, foon after his being eftablifhed on the throne of this kingdom, on account of its pieafant and healthful fituation, and as a place of fecurity : it was greatly improved by Henry I. who added many additional buildings, and furrounded the whole with a ftrong wall. Our fucceeding Monarchs refided in the fame Caflle, till Edward III. caufed the ancient building to be taken down ; erected the prefent (lately caftle, and St. George's chapel j inclofed the whole with a flrong wall or rampart of ftone j and inftituted the moil noble order of the garter. It may be proper to obferve, that William of Wickham, after- wards B:ihop of Wincheder, was principally employed by Edward III. in building this caftle} and when he had finifhed it, he caufed this doubtful fentence to be cut on one of the towets, This made Wukbam : which being reported to the King, as if that Prelate had afTumed to hirrtfelf the honour of building this caftle, that Bilhop would probably have fa! en under his Majefty's diipleafure, had he not readily allured his Royal Mafter, that he meant it only as an acknowledgment that this building had made him great in the favour of his Piir.ce, and had octafioned his being railed to bis prefent high ftaiion. Great additions were in fucceeding times made to the caftle by feveral of our Monaichs, particularly by Edward IV. Henry VII. Henry VIII. Elizabeth, and Charles II. This laft Prince, foon after the Reftoraticn, entirely repaired the caftle; and, though it had luffercd gieailv by plunder and rapine in the preceding times of national cMorder, he reftored it to its ancient fplendor. As that Prince ufually kept his court there during the fummer-feafon, he (pared no txptnee in rendering it worthy the royal residence: he entirely changed the face of the upper court} he enlarged the windows, and made them regular} richly furniflied the royal apartments, and had them decorated with large and beautiful paintings} and erected a large magazine of arms. In fhort, King Charles li. left little to be done to the caftle, except W I N «7 except forae additional paintings in the apartments, vvhich were added by his iucceflbrs James II. and William III. m whole reign the whole was completed. His prefent Majelly, fince his refidence at Windfor, has imde feveral alterations ; particularly, the caltle ditch, which has Ken filled up and made level round the lower walls : the rifing grounds on the eaft fid.- of the caltle have been lowered feveral feet, to open the profpeel, &c. This ftately and Venerable caftle is divided Into two courts or wards, with a large round rower between them, called the middle ward, it being formerly fepa rated from the lower ward by altrong wall and draw bridge. The whole contains above twelve acres of land, and as many towers and batteries for its defence; but length of time has abned their ftrength, and the happy union that fubfifts between the prince and people has made it urinecef- fary to keep thefe fortifications in perfect repair. The callle is iituated upon a high hill, which rifes by a gentle afcent, and enjoys a molt delightful profpecl: around it: in the front is a wide and extcnfjve vale, adorned with corn fields and meadows, with groves on either fide, and the calm fmooth waier of the Thames running through it, and behind it are every where hills covered with woods, as if defigned by nature for game and hunting. On the declivity of the hill is a fine terrace faced with a ram- part of free (tone, i 870 feet in length. This may juilly be laid to h? one of the noblelt walks in Europe, both with refpect to the ftrength and grandeur of the building, and the fine am* extenilve profpect, over the Thames, of the adjacent country on every fide, where, from the variety of fine villas fcattered about, nature and art feerri to vie with each other in beauty From this terrace you enter a beautiful park, which furrounds the palace, and is called the little or houfe park, to diftinguifh it from another adjoining, which is of a much larger extent. This little paik is four miles in circumference, and fur rounded by a brick wall. The turf is of the mod beautiful green, and is adorned with many fludy walks, efpecialiy that called Queen Eli- zabeth's, which on the fummer evenings is frequented by the bed company. From the point or brow of the hill is a fine extended proipect over the Thames, and the fame beautiful and well culti- vated country. The park is well (locked with deer and other game, and the keeper's lodge at the farther end is a delightful ha- bitation. But to return to the caftle. In the upper court is a fpacious and regular fquare, containing on the north fide the royal apart- ments, and St. George's chapel and hall ; on the fouth and the eaft tides are the royal apartments, thofe of the Prince of Wales, and K the 2i8 WIN the great officers of ftate ; and in the centre of the area is an equef- trian ftatue in copper of King Charles II. in the habit of one of the Caefars, (landing on a marble pedeftal adorned with various kinds of fruit, fifh, fhipping, and other ornaments. On the eaft £de is the following infcription on a fliield : " CAROLO Secundo, Regum optimo, Domino fuo clementiflimo, Tobias Ruftat Hanc effigiem humillime Dedit et dedicavit, Anno Domini Mdclxxx." The Round fewer, which forms the weft fide of this upper court, contains the Governor's apartments. It is built on the higheft part of the mount, and there is an afcent to it by a large flight of ltone fteps : thefe apartments are fpacious and noble, and among the reft is a guard-room, or magazine of arms. King Charles II. began to face this mount with brick, but only completed that part next the court. This mount is neatly laid out in (loping walks round the hiH, covered with verdure, and planted with ihrubs. Thefe apartments command an extenfive view to London, and the guides fay into twelve counties. In the guard-chamber they (hew the coats of mail of John King of France, and David King of Scotland, both prifoners here at the fame time ; and King John's tower, where he was lodged. The lower court is larger than the other, and is in a manner divided into two parts by St. George's chapel, which ftands in the centre. On the north, or inner fide, are the feveral houfes and apartments of the Dean and Canons of St. George's chapel, with thofe of the Minor Canons, Clerks, and other officers j and on the fouth and weft fides of the cuter part are the houfes of the Poor Knights of Windfor. In this court are alfo feveral towers* belonging to the officers of the Crown, when the Court is at Wind- for, and to the officers of the Order of the Garter. The royal apartments are on the north fide of the upper court, and are ufually termed the Star- building, from a ftar and garter in gold in the middle of the ftruclure, on the outfide next the terrace. The entrance into the apartments is through a handfome veftt- bu'e, fupported by columns of the Ionic order, with fome antique buftos in feverai niches. From hence you proceed to the great ftair-cafe, which is finely painted with feveral fabulous ftories from Ovid's Metamorphc-fes. In the dome Phaeton is reprefented de- filing Apollo to grant him leave to drive the chariot of the fun. In large compartments on the ftair-cafe are the transformation of b r Phaeton'* WIN 2i 9 Phaeton's fitters into poplar-trees, with this infcription, Magnis tamen excidit aufis \ and Cycnus changed into a fwan. In feve- ral parts of the cieling are reprefented the iigns cf the zodiac fup- ported by the winds, with baflcets of flowers beautifully difpofed : at the corners are the four elements, each expreiTed by a variety of figures. Aurora is alfo reprefented with he; nymphs in waiting, giving water to her horfes. In feveral parts of the flair-cafe are the figures of Mufic, Painting, and the other fciences. The whole is beautifully difpofed, and heightened withhold ; and from this flair- cafe you have a view of the back- flairs painted with the ftory of Meleager and Atalanta. Having afcended the flair- cafe, you enter firft into the Queen's Guard- chamber , which is completely furnifhed with guns, patois, bayonets, pikes, fwords, &c. beautifully ranged and difpofed into various forms, as the ftar and garter, the royal cypher, and other ornaments. On the cieling is Britannia in the perfon of Queen Catharine of Portugal, confort to King Charles II. feated on a globe, bearing the arms of England and Portugal, with the four grand divilions of the earth, Europe, Alia, Africa, and America, attended by deities, making their feveral offerings. On the 01 ter part of this beautiful group are the figns of the zodiac ; and in different parts of the cieling are Minerva, Mars, Venus, and other heathen deities, with Zephyrs, Cupids, and other embellilhments, properly difpofed : over the Chimney is a portrait of Prince George of Denmark, on horfeback, by Dahl j with a view of (hipping by Vandervelde. You next enter the Queen's Prefenee Chamber, where Queen Catharine is reprefented, attended by Religion, Prudence, Forti- tude, and other virtues : fne is under a curtain fpread by Time, and fupported by Zephyrs, while Fame founds the bappinefs of Britain ; below, Jultice is driving away Envy, Sedition, and oilier evil genii. The room is hung with tapeftry, containing the hi ftory of the beheading of St. Paul, and the perlecution of the primitive ChriAuns; and adorned with the pictures of Edward III. and the Black Prince, both byBelcamp; and James I. by Vandyck. 77;*? piJlures in all the royal apartments ha-ve lately undergone a nexv arrangement by order of his prefent Majejly, which is followed in this defcription* On entering the H^iteens Audience- Chamber , you fee the cieling painted with Britannia in the perfon of Queen Catharine, in a car. drawn by fwans to the temple of Virtue, attended by Flora, Ceres, Pomona, &c. with other decorations heightened with gold. The canopy is of fine Englilh velvet, fet up by Queen Anne j 3nd the tapeflry was made at Coblentz, in Germany, and preiented to King Henry VIII. The pictures hungup in this room are, William Prince of Orange, and Frederick-Henry Prince of Orange, K a boih 220 WIN both by Honthorft; and King James the Firft's Queen, by Van Somer. On the cteliiijg of the Ball- Room King Charles II. is reprefented giving freedom to Europe, by the figures of Perfeus and An- dromeda; on the fhield of Perfeus is infcribed Perfeus Britannicus % and over the head of Andromeda is written Europa Liberala-, and Mars, attended by the celcttial deities, offers the olive branch. On the coving of this chamber is the ftory of Perfeus and Andro- meda, the four feafons, and the figns of the zodiac, the whole heightened with gold. The tapeftry, which was made at Bruifels, and let up by King Charles II. reprefents the four feafons of the year ; and the room is adorned with the following pictures : Wil- liam Earl of Pembroke, by Van Somer 5 St. John, after Correggio; Countefs of Doil'et, after Vandyck 5 Duchefs of Richmond, by Vandyck; a Madona, and the Duchefs of Hamilton, by Han- neman. The next room you enter is the SlueerCs Drawing- Room, where on the ceding is painted the Aflembly of the Gods and Goddefles, the whole intermixed with Cupids, flowers, Sec. and heightened with gold. The room is hung with tapeftry, reprefenting the twelve months of the yesr, and adorned with the pitfures of Judith and Holofernes, by Guido ; a Magdalen, by Sir Peter Lely; Henrietta Duchefs ot Orleans, in the character of Minerva; Lady Digby, (wife of Sir Kenelm Digby,) by Vandyck; De Bray and his family, by himfelf ; Killegrew and Carew, by Vandyck. The 9jeens Red-Chamber. The bed of ftate in this room was lately put up by the prefent Queen: the infide and counterpane are of white iattin ; the curtains are a pale green; and the whde finely embroidered. The cieling is painted with the ftory cf Diana and Endymion ; and the room is adorned with the picture of her prefent Maiefly at full length, with all her children, in miniature, bv Welt ; and fix landfcapes, by Zucareili. The next is the Rooti oj Beauties, fo named from the portraits of the mot celebrated beauties in the reign of King Charles II. thty are fourteen in number, viz. Mrs. Knott and Mrs Lawfon, by Willing; Lady Sunderland, Lady Rochefter, Lady Denham, and her fitter, Mrs. Mi.ldleton, by Sir Peter Lely; Lady Byron, by Houfeman ; Duchefs of Richmond, Countefs of Northumber- land, Lady Grammont, Duchefs of Cleveland, and Duchefs of Soroerfet, by Sir Peter Lely ; and Lady Offory, by Willing; with thirteen portraits of ladies, after Vandyck and RufTel. In the Stueen'j DreJInq-Rcom is the following painting, Anne cf Denmark. Queen to James I. Fn this room is a clofet wherein is a portrait of William Dukf of Gloacefter, by Sir Peter Lely. In this cloiet is likewife the banner WIN 221 banner of France, annually delivered on the fecond of Auguft by the Duke of Marlborough, by which he holds Blenheim-houle built At Woodftock, in Oxfordshire, in the reign of Qneen Anne, as a national reward to that great General for his many glorious vic~loiies over the French. You are next conducted into Queen Elizabeth's or the Pifiure Gallery, which is adorned with the following paintings : King James I. by Van Somer ; the Holy Family, after Raphael ; Charles V. Emperor of Germany ; the wife msn making their offerings to Chriit, by Paul Veronele ; two ufurers, an admired piece, by the famous blackfmith of Antwerp; Perfeus and Andromeda, by Schiavone; Aretine and Titian, by Titian; King Henry VIII. by Hans Holbein; the battle of Spurs, near Terevaen, in France, in 1 513, by Hans Holbein; and two Italian markets, by Bom- boccio; a converfation, by Teniers ; Sir John Lawfon, Sir Chrif- topher Minnes, Loid Sandwich, Sir Thomas Allen, Sir George Ayl'cough, Sir Thomas Tiddyman, Anne Durhels of Yor* , Prince Rupert, Sir Jeremiah Smith, Sir Jofeph J01 Un, Sir Wil- liam Berkeley, Duke of Albemarle, and Sir John Harm an j all by Sir Peter Lely ; a boy with puppies, by Munllo ; our Saviour and St. John, by Vandyck ; expedition of Henry VIII. to Bou- logne; St. Joftph, by Fetti ; a man's head, by Carlo Cignani } a boy paring fruit, by Michael Angelo; men playing at bow]?, by Teniers; Afcenfion of the Virgin, by Baflano ; boors drink- ing, by Teniers ; St. Charles, by Fetti; Angel and Shepheid,*, by Pouiiln ; interview between Henry VII I. and Francis 1. our Saviour in the Garden, byPouflni; Emanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, by Sir A. More; Angel delivering Peter, by Steenwytk ; Indian market, by i'oii ; Marquis Del Guafto and family, after Titian ; and Rinaldo and Armida, by Romaneili. In this room is alfo a curious amber cabinet, prefented by the King of Pruiiia to Queen Caroline. There is here likewife Queen Caroline's China Clofet, filled with a geat variety of curious china, elegantly difpofed ; and the whole room is finely gilt and ornamented : the pictures aie, Prince Arthur, and his two filters, children of Henry VII. by Mabufe ; a woman with a kitten, and a woman fquetzing blood out of a fponge. In this clofet is alfo a fine amber cabinet, pre- fented to Queen Anne by Dr. Robinfon, Bifhop of London, and Plenipotentiary at the congrefs of Utrecht. From this gallery a return is made to the King's Clofef, the cieling of which is adorned with the lfory of Jupiter and Leda. The pictures are, -Vnne Du chefs cf York, Pnncefs Mary, and Mary Duchefs of, York, all by Sir Peter Lely; a man's head, by Raphael; St. Catharine, by Guido j a woman's head, by Parme- giano j a landfcape with boars, a landfcape with figures, both K 3 by 222 WIN by Brueghel; a landfcape, by Teniers; Duke of Norfolk, by H olbein , Holy Family, by Vanuden ; Martin Luther ; Eralmus, by Pens j Queen Henrietta Maria, by Vandyck ; and the crea- tion, by B> uegh-1. You are next conduced into the Kin^s DreJJing- Room, where the cieling is painted with the ftory of Jupiter and Danae, and adorned with the pictures of Prince George of Denmark, by Sir Godfrey Kntller ; a Magdalen, by Dolci; two views of Windfor cattle, by Woiterman ; a man's head, by Vinci; landfcape, by Wouwermans ; Neio depoliting the allies of Britannicus, by Le Scur ; Countels of Defmond, by Rembrandt; (he lived 150 years wanting k few days : a farrier's mop, by Wouwermans ; a youth's head, by Holbein ; Charles II. by RuflTel ; Herodias's daughter, by Do'ci ; James Duke of York, by Ruffel ; and Charles the Second's Queen, by Sir Peter Lely. On leaving the above room, you are conducted into the King's Bed-Chamber, which is hung with tapeftry representing the ftory of Hero and Leander : the bed of ftate is of rich flowered velvet, mrsde in Spitalfields, by order of Queen Anne ; and on the cieling Charles 11. is reprefented in the robes of the Garter, under a canopy iupported by Time, Jupiter, and Neptune, with a wreath of laurel over his head 5 and he is attended by Europe, Afia, Africa, and America, paying their obedience to him. The paintings are, King Charles II. when a boy, in armour, by Van- dyck; and his brother Henry Duke of Gloucefter. The cieling of the King's Drawing- Room, which is next feen, h finely painted with King Charles II. riding in a triumphal car, drawn by the horfes of the fun, attended by Fame, Peace, and the polite arts ; Hercules is driving away Rebellion, Sedition, and Ignorance; Britannia and Neptune, properly attended, are paying obedience to the Monarch as he pafles ; and the whole is a lively reprefentation of the Reftoration of that Monarch, and the intro- duction of arts and fciences in thefe kingdoms. In the other parts of the cieling are painted the Labours of Hercules, with feftoons of fruit and flowers, the whole beautifully decorated in gold and (tone colour. The pictures hung up in this room are, a converted Chinefe, by Sir Godfrey Kneller; a Magdalen, by Young Palmer; the Roman Charity; St. John; and St. Stephen (toned. You next enter the King's Public Dining- Room, where the painted cieling reprefents the banquet of the gods, with a variety of filh and fowl. The pictures hung up here are Hercules and Omphale, Cephalus and Procis, the birth of Venus, and Venus and Adonis, the four laft by Genario ; a naval triumph of King Charles II. by Verrio ; the marriage of St. Catharine, by Danckers; nymphs and fatyrs, by Rubens and Snyders ; hunting the wild boar, by Snyders j a picture of (till life, by Kalf j the taking of the W I N 223 the bears, by Baflan ; a Bohemian family, by DeBrie; divine love, by an unknown hand j Lacy, a famous comedian in King Charles the Second's time, in three characters, by Wright j a fea piece j Diana j a finging mafter and fcholars, by Honthorft } a Japan peacock, j the cocoa-tree j and architecture and figures. The carving of this chamber is very beautiful, repiefenting a great variety of fowl, fifh, and fruit, done to the utraoft per- fection on lime wood, by Mr. Gibbons, a famous ftaiuary and carver in the reign of King Charles II. In the King's Hudtence-Cbam[>er y the canopy, which was fet up in the reign of Charles II. is of green velvet, richly embroidered with gold : and on the cieling is reprefented the eftabhfhment of the church of England at the Restoration, in the characters of England, Scotland, and Ireland, attended by Faith, Hope, Cha- rity, and the cardinal virtues; Religion triumphs over Superitition and Hypocrify, who are driven by Cupids from before the face of the church ; all which are reprefented in their proper attitudes, and highly finifhed. The pictures hung up in this room are Peter, James, and John, by Michael Angelo j the Duke of Richmond, by Mytens ; Chrift before Pilate, by Schiavone j and Lot and his daughters, by Peflaro. The King's Prefence- Chamber is hung with tapeftry, containing the hiitory of Queen Athaliah \ and the cieling is finely adorned with painting : Mercury is reprefented with an original pot trait of King Charles II. which he (hews to the four quarters of the world, introduced by Neptune j Fame declaring the glory of that Prince, and Time driving away Rebellion, Sedition, and their companions. Over the canopy is Jufiice in Hone colour, {hewing the arms of Britain to Thames and the river nymphs, with the ltar of Venus, and this label, ^ydus Carolynum : at the lower end of the chamber is Venus in a marine car, drawn by tritons and fea nymphs. The paintings hung up are, Duns Scotus, by Spagnolct j Peter I. of RufTia, by Sir G. Kneller j and Prometheus, by Young Palmer. The King's Guard-Chamber^ which you next enter, is a fpacious and noble room, in which is a large magazine of aims, confifting of fome thoulands of pikes, piflols, guns, coats of mail, fwords, halberds, bayonets, ar.d drums, difpofed in a molt curious man- ner, in colonnades, pillars, circles, fhields, and other devices, by Mr. Harris, late mailer-gunner of this caftle ; the perfon who in- vented this beautiful arrangement of arms, and placed thofe in the great armoury in the Tower of London. The cieling is finely painted in water colours : in one circle is Mars and Minerva, and in the other. Peace and Plenty. In the dome is alio a repre- fentation of Mars, and over the chimney-piece is a piclure of Charles XI. King of Sweden, on horieback, as big as the life, by Wyck. Eight paintings of battles and fieges, &c, have been lately placed in this room by his prcfent Majefty. K 4 At 224 W I N At an inftallation, the Knights of the Garter dine here in great ftate, in the abfence of the Sovereign. You next enter St, George's Hal/, which is particularly fet apart to the honour of the mod illuftrious Order of the Garter, and is, perhaps, one of the nobleft rooms in Europe, both with regard to the building and the painting, which is here performed in the molt grand talte. In a large oval in the centre of the cieling King Ckarles II. is reprefented in the habit of the Order, attended by England, Scotland, and Ireland $ Religion and Plenty hold the crown of thefe kingdoms over his head ; Mars and Mercury, with the emblems of war and peace, ft3nd on each fide. In the fame oval Regal Government is reprefented upheld by Religion and Eternity, with Juftice attended by Fortitude, Temperance, and Prudence, beating down Rebellion and Faction. Towards the throne is reprefented, in an octagon, St. George's crofs encircled with the Garter, within a ftar or glory fupported by Cupids, with the motto, HON! SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE. And befides other embellishments relating to the Order, the Mufes are reprefented attending in full concert. On the back of the ftate or Sovereign's throne, is a large dra« pery, on which is painted St. George encountering the dragon, as large as the life j and on the lower border of the drapery is inferibed, VENIENDO REST1TUIT REM, in allufion to King William III. who is painted in the habit of the Order, fitting under a royal canopy, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. To the throne is an afcent of five fteps of fine marble, to which the painter has added five more, which are done with fuch per- fection as to deceive the fight, and induce the fpectator to think them equally real. This noble room is an hundred and eight feet in length, and the whole north fide is taken up with the triumph of Edward the Black Prince, after the manner of the Romans. At the upper part of the hall is Edward III. that Prince's father, the conqueror of Fiance and Scotland, and the founder of the Order of the Garter, feated on a throne, receiving the Kings of France and Scotland prifoners } the Black Prince is feated in the middle of the prcceffion, crowned with laurel, and carried by flaves, pre- ceded by captives, and attended by the emblems of Victory, Liberty, and other utjSgnia of the Romans, with the banners of France and Scotland difplayed. The painter has given a loofe to his fancy, by clofing the proceffion with the fiction of the Countefs of -Salifbuty, in the perfon of a fine lady making garlands for the Prince, and the reprefentation of the Merry Wives of Windfor. At the lower end of the hall is a noble mufic gallery, fupported by W I N 225 by flaves larger than the life, in proper attitudes, faid to reprefent a father and his three fons, taken priibners by the Black Prince in his wars abroad. Over this gallery, on the lower compartment of thecieling, is the collar of the Order of the Garter fully dif- played. The painting of this room was done by Verrio, and is highly finifhed and heightened with gold. You are next condudted to St Georqe"s or the Kin^s Chape! t which is no left royally adorned. On the cieling is finely repre- sented our Lord's afcenfion; and the altar-piece is adorned with a noble painting of the laft lnpper. The north fide of the chapel is ornamented with the reprefentation of our Saviour's railing; Lazarus from the dead, his curing the fick of the pally, and other miracles, beautifully painted by Verrio j and in a group of fpecla- tors the painter has introduced his own effigy, with tholV of Sir Godfrey Kneller, and Mr. Cooper, who afTifted him in thefe paintings. The eaft end of this chapel is taken up with the clofets belonging to his Majefty and the Royal family. The canopy, curtains, and furniture, are of crimfon velvet fringed with gold; and the carved work of this chapel, which is well worthy the attention of the curious, is done by that famous artift Gibbons, in lime-tree, representing a great variety of peli- cans, doves, palms, and other allufions to fcripture hiitory, with the Star and Garter, and other ornaments finiihcd to great per- fection. From St. George's chapel you are conducted to the Queen's Guard- Chamber, the fiift room you entered; for this is the laft of the Hate apartments at prefent fhewn to the public, the others being only opened when the court refides at Windibr. They con- fift of many beautiful chambers, adorned with the paintings of the greater! matters. In pailing from hence the ftranger ufually looks into the inner or horn court, fo called from a pair of flag's horns of a very ex- traordinary fize, taken in the foreft and fet up in that couit, which is painted in bronze and ftone colour. On one fide is re- presented a Roman battle, and on the oppofite fide a lea fight, with, the images of Jupiter, Neptune, Mercury, and Pallas; and in the gallery is a reprefentation of King David playing before the ark. From this court a flight of ftone fteps lead to the King's Guard- Chamber ; and in the cavity under thefe Heps, and fronting this court, is a figure of Hercules alfo in ftone colour. On a dome over the fteps is painted the battle of the gods ; and on the fides of the ftair cafe is a reprefentation of the four ages of the world, and two battles of the Greeks and Romans in frefco. Here the guides commonly carry the ftranger to a tower, called the Round Tower, for an account of which fee page 218. K 5 St. 226 W I N Si. George^ Chapel. Among the buildings of this noble palace we have mentioned the chapel of St. George, fituated in the mid- dle of the lower court. This ancient ftructure, which is now in the pureft ftyle of Gothic architecture, was firft erected by King Edward III. in the year 1337, foon after the foundation of the college, for the honour of the Order of the Garter, and dedicated to St. George, the patron of England} but, however noble the firft clefign might be, King Edward IV. not finding it entirely completed, enlarged the ftructure, and defigned the prefent build- ing* together with the houfes of the Dean and Canons, fituated on the north and weft fides of the chapel. The work was afterwards carried on by Henry VII. who finiflied the body of the chapel j and Sir Reginald Bray, Knight of the Garter, and the favourite cf that King, affifted in ornamenting the chapel and completing the roof. The architecture of the infide has always been efteemed for its neatnefs and great beauty, and in particular the ftone roof is reckoned an excellent piece of workman fhip. It is an ellipfis fupported by Gothic pillars, whofe ribs and groins fuftain the whole cieling, every part of which has fome different device well finifhed, as the arms of Edward the Confeflbr, Henry III. Henry VI. Edward IV. Henry VII. and Henry VIII. alfo the arms of England and France quarterly, the crofs of St. George, the rofe, portcullis, Jion rampant, unicorn, &c. In a chapel in the fouth aile is reprefented, in ancient painting, the hiftory of John the JBaptift ; and in the fame aile are painted, on large pannels of oak, neatly carved, and decorated with the feveral devices peculiar to •each Prince, the portraits at full length of Prince Edward, fon to Henry the Sixth ; Edward IV. Edward V. and Henry VII. In the north aile is a chapel dedicated to St. Stephen, wherein the hiftory of that faint is painted on the pannels, and well preferved. In the firft of thefe pannels St. Stephen is reprefented preaching to the people; in the fecond he is before Herod's tribunal; in the third he is ftoning; and in the fourth he is reprefented dead. At the eaft end of this aile is the chapter-houfe of the college, in which is a portrait at full length, by a mafterly hand, of the victorious Edward III. in his robes of ftate, holding in his right hand a fword, and bearing the crowns of France and Scotland, in token of the many victories he gained over thofe nations. On one fide of this painting is kept the fword of that great and war- like Prince. But what appears moil worthy of notice is the choir. On each fide are the ftalls of the Sovereigns and Knights Companions of the moft noble Order of the Garter, with the helmet, mantling, creft, and fword, of each Knight fet up over his ftall on a canopy ©f ancient carving curioufiy wrought, and over the canopy is affixed WIN 327 affixed the banner or arms of each Knight properly blazoned on Iilk, and on the back of the (tails are the titles of t!*e Knights, with their arms neatly engraved and blazoned on copper. The Sovereign's ftall is on the right hand of the entrance into the choir, is covered with purple velvet and cloth of gold, and has a canopy and complete furniture of the fame valuable materials } his banner is likewife of velvet, and his mantling of cloth of gold. The Prince's flail is on the left, and has no diftinction from thofe of the reft of the Knights Companions, the whole fociety, according to the ftatutes of the inftitution, being companions and colleagues, equal in honour and power. The altar-piece was, foon after the Reftoration, adorned with cloth of gold and purple damafk by King Charles II. but, on removing the wainfcot of one of the chapels in 1707, a fine paint- ing of the Lord's fupper was found, which, being approved ot by Sir James Thornhill, Verrio, and other eminent matters, was re- paired and placed on the altar-piece. Near the altar is the Queen's gallery, for the accommodation of the ladies at an inftallation. In a vault under the marble pavement of this choir, are interred the bodies of Henry VIII. and Jane Seymour his Queen, Kingj Charles I. and a daughter of the late Queen Anne. In the fouth aile, near the door of the choir, is buried Henry VI. 3nd the arch near which he was interred was fumptuoufly decorated, by Henry VIII. with the royal enfigns and other devices, but they are now much defaced by time. In this chapel is alio the monument of Edward Earl of Lincoln, Lord High Admiral of England in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, erected by his Lady, who is alfo interred with him. The monu- ment is of alabarler, with pillars of porphyry. Another, within a neat fcreen of brais-work, is erected to the memory of Charles Somerfet, Earl of Worcefter, and Knight of the Garter, who died in 1516, and his Lady, daughter to William Earl of Huntingdon. A (lately monument of white marble erected to the memory of Henry Somerfet, Duke of Beaufort, and Knight of the Garter, who died in 1699. There are here alfo the tombs of Sir George Manners, Lord Roos, that of the Lord Haltings, Chamberlain to Edwaid IV. and feveral others. Before we conclude our account of this ancient chapel, it will be proper to obierve, that King James II. made ufe of it for the fervice of popery, and mafs being publicly performed there it has ever fince been neglected and fuffered to run to ruin, and, being no appendage to the collegiate church, waits the royal favour to retrieve it from the difgrace of its pre fen t fituation. With refpect to the royal foundations in this caftle, they are, K 6 The 2 2 8 W I N The molt noble Order of the Garter, which confifts of the Sove- reign and twenty- five Knights Companions : the Royal College of St. George, which confifts of a Dean, twelve Canons, feven Minor Canons, eleven Clerics, an Organift, a Verger, and' two Sacnft3 : and th Alms Knights, who are eighteen in number, viz. thirteen of the royal foundation, and five of the foundation of Sir Peter le Mai re, in the reign of King James I. Of the Knights of the Garter. Windfor caftle being the feat of this molt illultrious Order, it may be expected that we fhould here give fome account of it. The Order of the Gaiter was inititnted by Edward III. in the year 1349, for the improvement of military honour, and the reward of virtue. It is alfo called the Older of St. George, the patron of England, under whofe banner the Englifh always went out to war, and St. George's crofs was made the enfign of the Order. The garter was at the fame time appointed to be worn by the Knights on the left leg, as a piincipal mark, of dilfinclion, rot from any regard to a lady's garter, " but as a tye or band of afTociation in honour and military virtue, to bind the Knights Companions ftri&ly to himfelf and to each other in friend/hip and true agreement, and as an enfign or badge of unity and combination, to promote the honour of God, and the glory and intereftof their Prince and Sovereign." At that time, King Edward, being engaged in profecuting, by arms, his right to the crown of Fiance, caufed the French motto, Honi soit qui Mal Y PENSE, to be wrought in gold letters round the garter, declaring thereby the equity of his intention, and at the fame time retorting flume and defiance upon him who fhould dare to think ill of the juft enterprize in which he had engaged, for the fupport of his right to that crown. The inftallation of a Knight of this mod noble Order confifts of many ceremonies eftabiifhed by the royal founder, and the fuc- ceeding Sovereigns of the Older, the care of which is committed to Gaiter King at Arms, a principal officer of the Order, ap- pointed to fupport and maintain the dignity of this noble Order of knighthood. On the day fixed upon for the installation, the Knights Com- miffioners appointed by the Sovereign to inftal the Knights Elect, meet in the morning, in the great chamber in the Dean of Wind- er's houfe, drefied in the full habit of the Order, where the offi- cers of the Order alfo attend in their habits j but the Knights Eieft come thi'her in their under habits only, with their caps and feathers in their hands. From hence the Knights walk two and two in proceflion to St. George's chapel, preceded by the Poor Knights, Prebendaries, Heralds, Purfuivants, and other officers of the Order, in their feveral habits j being arrived there, the Knights Elect relt them- felves W I K 229 felves in chairs behind the altar, and are refpe&ively introduced into the chapter- houfe, where the Knights Commiffioners (Garter and other officers attending) inveft them with the furcoat or upper habit of the Order, while the Regifter reads the following admo- nition : " Take this robe of crimfon to the increafe of your honour, " and in token or fign of the molt noble Order you have received, *' wherewith you being defended, may heboid, not only Itrong " to fu?ht, but alfo to offer yourfelf to med your blood for " Chi ill's faith, and the liberties of the church, and the juft and t( neceffary defence of them that are oppreffed and needy.'* Then Garter prefents the crimfon velvet girdle to the Commif- fioners, who buckle it on, and alfo girds on the hanger and fword. The proceMion of each Knight Elect feparately is afterwards made into the choir, attended by the Lords Commiffioners and other Companions of the Order, and preceded by the Poor Knights, Prebend -.ries, &c. as before, Garter in the middle carrying, on a crimfon velvet ciiflnon, the mantle, hood, garter, collar, and George, having the Regifter on his right hand, who carries the New Teftament, and the oath fairly written on parchment, and the Black Rod on his left. On entering the choir, after reverence made to the altar and the Sovereign's* (tall, the Knights are con- dueled to their feveral flails, under their refpeftive banners, and other enfigns of honour. The Knights Elect then take the oath, and are completely dreffed, inverted with the mantle of the Order, and the great collar of St. George, which is done with great Hate and folemnity. After the inftallation, the Knights make their folemn offerings at the altar, and, prayers being ended, the grand proceffion of the Knights is made from the choir in their full habits of the Older, with their caps frequently adorned with diamonds, and plumes of feathers on their heads, round the hody of the church, and, pafTing out at the fouth door, the proceffion is continued in great ftate through the courts of the cattle into St. George's hall, preceded by his Majefty's mufic, in the following order: the Pvor Knights of Windfor j the Choir of St. George's chapel - y the Canons or Prebendaries of Windfor; the Heralds and Purfuivnnts at Arms j the Dean of Windfor, Regifter of the Order, with Garter King at Arms on his right hand, and on his left the Black Rod of the Ord;r ; the Knights Companions, according to their flails, their trains fupported by the chorifters of St. George's chapel. The K ights having for ibme time refted in the royal apart- ments, a fumptuous banquet is prepared, if the Sovereign be pre- fent, in St. George's hall, and, in his abfence, in the great Guard chamber next adjoining, and the Knights are introduced and dine with great flate in the habits of the Order, the mufic attending. 230 W O B attending. Before dinner is ended, Garter King at Arms pro- claims the ftyle and dignity of each Knight, afrer which the com- pany retire, and the evening is doled with a ball for the ladies ia the royal lodgings. Windsor. Great Park and Fore/?. As we have already de- fcribed the town of Windfor, the little park, and caftle, and given fome account of the Order of Knights of the Garter, we are natu- rally led to mention the great park, which lies on the fouth fide of the town, and opens by a noble road in a direct line to the top of a delightful hill at near three miles diftance. This road leads, through a double plantation of trees on each fide, to the ranger's or keeper's lodge. The late Duke of Cumberland greatly improved the natural beauties of the park, and by large plantations of trees, entenfive lawns, new roads, canals, and rivers, has rendered this villa an habitation worthy of a prince. The great park is fourteen miles in circumference, and is well flocked with deer and other game : many foreign beafts and birds were here alfo kept by his Royal Highnefs. The new erected building on Shrub's- hill, adorned beneath with the profpect of the molt beautiful verdure and a young plantation of trees, is very elegant, and affurds the moll delightful rural fcene. But his attention was not confined to the park alone, hut in like manner expended to the adjoining forelt, which is of great extent, and was appropriated to hunting and the refidence of the royal game by William the Conqueror, who eftablilhed many Jaws and regulations for the prefervation of the deer, that are ftill obferved. In this exten five tract of land are feveral pleafant towns and villages, of which Wokenham, fituated near the centre of the foteft, is the principal; and though the foil is generally barren and uncultivated, yet it is finely diverfified with hills and vales, woods and lawns, and interfperfed with pleafant villas. WOBURN-FARM, the feat of the late Philip Southcote, Efq. joins to the earl of Portmore's jult beyond it. It contains an hundred and fifty acres, of which near five and thirty are adorned to the highcrt degree ; of the reft about two thirds are in pafture, and the remainder in tillage : the decorations are, however, com- municated to every part ; for they are difpofed along the fides of a walk, which, with its appendages, forms a broad belt round the grazing grounds, and is continued, though on a more contracted fcale, through the arable. This walk is properly a garden j all within it is a farm j the whole lies on the two fides of a hill, and on a flat at the foot of it : the flat is divided into corn-fields ; the paftures occupy the hill ; they are furrounded by the walk, and croffed by a communication carried along the brow, which is alfo richly dreflfed, and which divides them into two lawns, each com- pletely encomuaiTed with gardens, W O B 231 Thefe are in themfelves delightful ; the ground in both lies beautifully ; they are diverfified with clumps and fingle trees, and the buildings in the walk, feem to belong to them. On the top of the hill is a large octagon ftructure; and not far from it the ruin of a chapel. To one of the lawns the ruin ap- pears, on the brow of a gentle afcent, backed and grouped with wood ; from the other is feen the octagon upon the edge of a deep fall, and by the fide of a pretty grove which hangs down the de- clivity. This lawn is further embelliftied by a neat Gothic building ; the former by the houfe and the lodge at the entrance ; and, in both, other objects of lefs confequence, little feats, alcoves, and bridges, continually occur. The buildings are not, however, the only ornaments of the walk j it is fhut out from the country for a confiderable length of the way, by a thick and lofty hedgerow, which is enriched with woodbine, jfTamine, and every odoriferous plant whofe tendrils will entwine with the thicket. A path, generally of fand or gravel, is conducted in a waving line, fometimes clofe under the hedge, fometimes at a little diltance from it j and the turf on either hand is diverfified with little groups of fhrubs, of firs, or the fmalleft trees, and often with beds of flowers : thefe are rather too profufely ftrewed, and hurt the eye by their minutenefs ; but then they replenish the air with their perfumes, and every gale is full of fragrancy. In fome parts, however, the decoration is more enlarged; and the walk is carried between larger clumps of ever- greens, thickets of deciduous fhrubs, or ftill more confiderable open plantations. In one place it is entirely fimple, without any appendages, any gravel, or any funk fence, to feparate it from the lawn, and is diftinguifhtd only by the richnefs of its verdure, and the nicety of its prefervation. In the arable part it is alfo of green fward, following the direction of the hedges about the feveral in- clofures : thefe hedges are fometimes thickened with flowering fhrubs ; and in every corner, or vacant fpace, is a rofary, a clofe or an open clump, or a bed of flowers. But if the parterre has been rifled for the embellifliment of the fields, the country has on the other hand been fearched for plants new in a garden ; and the fhrubs and the flowers which ufed to be deemed peculiar to the one, have been liberally transferred to the other j while their number fcems multiplied by their arrangement in fo many and fuch differ- ent difpofitions. A more moderate ufe of them would have been better, and the variety more pleafing, had it been lefs li- centious. But the excefs is only in the borders of the walk ; the fcenes through which it leads are truly elegant, every where rich, and al- ways agreeable. A peculiar chearfulnefs overfpreads both the lawns, arifing from th» number and the fplendor of the objects with *$i WOO with which they abound, the lightnefs of the buildings, the ine- qualities of the ground, and the varieties of the plantations. The clumps and the groves, though feparately fmall, are often mafled by the pei fpective, and gathered into confiderable groups, which are beautiful in their forms, their tints, and their pofitions. The brow of the hill commands two lovely prcfpects j the one gay and extenfive, over a fertile plain, watered by the Thames, and broken by St. Ann's Hill and Windfor caitle ; a large mead of the moft luxurious verdure lies juft below the eye, fpreading to the banks of the river j and beyond it the country is full of farms, villas, and villages, and every mark of opulence and cultivation. The other view is more wooded 5 the fteeple of a church, or the turrets of a feat, fometimes rife above the trees ; and the bold arch of Walton bridge is there a confpicuous object, equally fingular and noble. The inclofures on the flat are more retired and quiet j each is con- fined within itfelf ; and, all together, they form an agreeable con- trait to the open expofure above them. With the beautifs which enliven a garden, are every where in- termixed many properties of a farm ; both the lawns are fed j and the lowing of the herds, the bleating of th< fheep, and the tink- lings of the bell weather, refound through all the plantations j even the clucking of poultry is not omitted $ for a menagerie, of a very fimplr defign, is placed near the Gothic building j a fmall ferpentine river is provided for the water fowl, while the others ftray among the flowering flirubs on the banks, or (haggle about the neighbouring lawn : and the corn-fields are the iubjects of every rural employment, which arable land, from feed- time to harveft, can furnim. But, though {o many circumftances occur, the fimplicity of a farm is wanting ; that idea is loll in fuch a pro- fusion of ornaments : a rufticity of character cannot be preferved amidft all the elegant decorations which may be lavimed on a garden. WOODFORD, a village near Chinkfield, in EfTex. It derived its name from a fotd in Epping Forelt, where now is Woodford- bridge. It is about nine miles from London, and is remarkable for its fine fituation, and the many handfome houfes which adorn it. Among thefe is the villa of Mr. A!derman Thomas, a very elegant building, known by the name of the Naked Bsauty. WOOLWICH is feated on the river Thames, three miles eaft of Greenwich, and nine ea*it-by-fouth of London. It is rendered confiderable by its (hip-yard, where is the oldeft dock belonging to the royal navy, and is laid to have furnilhed as many men of war as any two others in the kingdom. Here are feveral fine docks, rope-yatris, and fpacious magazines, befides the ftores of planks, mafts, pitch, and tar. In the warren, or park, where thty make trial of great guns and mortars, there are feveral thou- sand W R O *33 fand pieces of ordnance for /hips and batteries, beildes a vaft number of bombs, mortars, and granadoes. The largeft mips may fafely ride here, even at low water. A company of matrofles are employed here to make up cartridges, and to charge bombs, carcafTes, and granadoes, for the public fervice. The church whs fome years ago rebuilt in a handlbme manner, as one of the fifty new churches. It is remarkable, that part of the parilh is on the other fide of the Thames, on the EfTcx more, where there was once a chapel, and is included in this county. Here is an alms-houie for poor widows j and the town has a market on Fridays, but no fairs. WROTHAM, or WORTHAM, a town in Kent, twenty- four miles from London, and three miles and a half from Weft- Mailing, received its name from the great quantity of the herb- wort which grows near it. It has a very large church, in which are fixteen Malls, fuppofed to have been made for the clergy who attended the Archbifhops of Canterbury, to whom the manor formerly belonged, and who had a palace here, till Simon I flip, the Archbifliop, in the fourteenth century, pulled it down, and built another at Maiditone : the reftory is, however, rlill reckoned one of the bed livings in Kent. It-has a market on Tuefdays, and one annual fair. Several pieces of antiquity have been dug up here, particularly fome military weapons. It is men- tioned in Doomfdav Book. WROTHAM-PARK, at Barnet, in Middlefex, the feat of George Byng, Efq. one of the members for this county. It was built by the late Admiral Byng, uncle to the prefent owner, who has made great additions to both houfe and park. The houfe ia elegant and magnificent, and the views are very fine, j Lyi 4 Lift of Nobility, Gentry, &c. prefent Pojejfors of Seat* mentioned in this Work. 'The Figures rejer to the Pages. Aldborough, Loid 181 Almon, Mr 48 Amelia, Princefs, 100, 168 Amherft, Lord 170 Amyand, Sir George, bart. 58 Archer, Lord 1 55 Argyll, Duke of 36, 67 B Backwells, Mrs. 191 Baker, William, Efq. II* Mr. 113 Barlow, Mr 191 Bateman, Mr. 123 Bathurft, Earl 85 Bedtbid Duke of 57, 182 Befborough, Earl of 171 Beaulieu, Lord 75 Eenycn, William.. Efq. 87 Berkeley, Earl of 68 Bladen. Col 142 Boone,, family of 140 Bofar.quet, Mr. 14 2 Boyd, Sir John, bart, 69 Brett, Sir Piercy, knt. 51 Bridgewater, Dtke of 36 Buckworth, lady 168 Buckinghamshire, Karl of I43» 1 9 1 Burke, Edmund, Efq. 40 Byng, George, Efq. 233 Calvert, Richard, Efq. 43 Cambridge, Mr. 191 Camden, Lord 51 Canterbury, Archbiihop of 137 Cavendim, Lord George \ Henry Augustus J 5 ' j9 Chandos, Duke of 177 Chatham, Earl of 113 Chefterneid, Earl of 43, 57 Clarendon, Ear 1 of 98 • Clayton, Sir Robert, bart. 143 Ciive, Lord 05 Cobham, Lady 180 Cocks, Sir Charles, bart. 144 Conyers, John, Efq. 67 Cooper Sir Grey Zz Cowper, Earl 113 Dartmouth, Earl of 44 Derby, Ear. of 149 Devonshire Duke of 58, 76 1 oifet. Duke of 133 Drake William, Efq. 35 Draper, vVilliam,Efq 32 Dundas, Sir 1 homas, bart 5 144 Dyfart, Eari of 101 Elliot, Colonel 58 Ellis, Welhore, Efq. 191 Effex, Couriets Dowager of 1 7 1 FSTex, tiarl of 52 Evelyn, Sir John 75 Fa'kland, Lord Vifcount 44 Farnaby, Sir Chales, bart. Jja Fie'ding, Lady 84 Fludyer, Mifs J40 Forth, Mr. 49 Frederick, Sir John, bart. 50 Gafcoigne, Bamber, Efq. 38 Geoffrey, Mr. 168 Gibbons, Sir Will. am, batt. 177 Gideon Sir Sampfon, bart. 41 Gloucester, Duke of 68 Glyn, SirGeoige 85 Grey Sir Henry 31 Grimfton, Lord Vifcount 88 Grofvenor, Richard, Efq. 67 Guildford, Lord 84 H Hallet, Mr. 81 Haifey, Thomas, Efq, 87 Harence, Benjamin, Efq. 86 Harrington, Earl of 156 Hindley, Mr. 191 Holdernefle, Countefs of 172 Hopkins, Benjamin Bond, Efq. I Howard, Mr. 70 Inchiqui 51 A Lifl of Nobility i Gentry^ life. Inchiquin, Earl of 66 K King, Lord 150 King, the Honourable Mr. Kinoul, Earl of 36 7* L Lemon. Sir William 149 Lijronier, Earl 66 Lock, Efq. 143 London, Bi/hop of 87 Loughborough, Lord 144 Lowther Sir John 137 Luther, John, Efq. 58 M Mansfield, Earl of 51 Marlborough, Duke of 139 Mavvbey, Sir Jofeph 47 Melbourne, Lord Vifcount 49, 143 Melcombe, Lord 102 Monfon, Lord 49 Montagu, Duke of 43 Montrath, Countefs of J9I Muilman, Mrs. 69 N Newcaftle, Duke of 149, 212 Newdigale, Sir Roger, bart. 112 North, Lady 51 Northumberland, Duke of 172 Northumberland family 155 O Oliver, Thomas, Efq. 14a Onflow, Lord 64 Paget, Lord 75 Palmer A on, Lord Vifcount 80 Parfons, family of 166 Paulet, Mr. 191 Peterborough, Earl of f 55 Pete, Lord 1.87 Pinnel, Reverend Dr. 82 Pitt, Mrs. 191 Plumer, William, Efq. 21 1 Portland, Duchefs Dowager of 50 Portmore, Earl of ioj, 212 } i«9 113 Prefcot, George, Efq. 187 Proctor, Sir Thomas Beau- champ Pulteney, William, Efq. 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A Pronouncing Dictionary ; in which the proper founds of Eng- lish words are given in a manner Co plain and ilmple, that both na- tives and foreigners may correct an improper, or acquire a right pronunciation of the Englifli language. 3. The Origin of eicrt Word ; its different meanings or applications explained ; and illuf- trated by authorites, and properly accented j as alio followed by initial letters, denoting the part of fpeech to which it is appropri- ated. 4. The Difference between Words efteemed fynonimous pointed out; and the proper choice of them determined. 5. An Epitome of the Hiftory of England j including every remarkable event from the time of Egbert to the conclusion of the peace of Verfailles in 1763, arranged alphabetically under each king's name, and including the character of each Sovereign, with the ftate of the Arts and Sciences during his reign. 6. An Hiftorical and Geographical Defcription of the various Empires, Kingdoms, Statts, Republics, Provinces Cities, and Chief Towns of the Known World 7. A fhort Account of the Primitive ana Mo- dern Sects and Divifions in the Chriftian Church ; their Opinions and Practices ; together with a brief Hiftory of the Prophets sncl Apoftles. 8 An authentic Account of the Counties, Cities, and Market-towns in England, Wales, and Scotland j as alfo the Villages with fairs j the days on which they are kept according to the BOOKS printed for and fold by J. Bew. the' new ftyle, as well as the cattle, goods and merchandize fold thereat j and the exact diitance from London, carefully corrected from the lateft meafuremems. To which are prefixed, A Free Enquiry into the Origin and Antiquity of Letters j An Eflay on the Origin and Antiquity ot the Engiifh Language j A iketch of the Conftitution, Government, and Trade of England j A New Compendious Grammar of the Engiifh Language : And to the whole is added, An Outline of Anuent and Modern Hiltoryj in- cluding a Chronological beries of Remarkable Events, Difcoveries, and Inventions, from the Creation to the Preient"T*aw«