Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/historicaldescri31unse GREENVILLE AHEAD ! —FINEST LINE OF— STOVES, CROCKERY, CHINA, GLASS AND TINWARE IIST THHEC STATE. STOCK BEING CONSTANTLY REPLENISHED, MAIN ST., OPP. MANSION HOUSE, GREENVILLE, S. C. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Silverware, Fine China, Imported Goods, Wooden and Willow Ware, Crockery, Glassware, Stoves, Tinware, House Furnishing Goods, Etc. C, F. HAYILAND’S (LUG ES) FRENC H CHINA A SPECIALTY. Rogers & Bro.’s and Derby Triple-Plated Silverware. QUALITY GUARANTEED. Bohemian Glassware, Majolica Plain and Decorated Dinner and Tea Sets, Fancy Goods. Sole Agents for the Celebrated Iron King Cook Stove. AWARDED CENTENNIAL MEDAL. Every Stove Warranted. A full line of other Cook and Heating Stoves. B^”Our men travel South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama, and being in direct communication with the leading manufacturers in this country, we are prepared to supply the largest orders, and compete in these States with any house in our line. Seo Page 70. There is truly no interest of more vital importance to the prosperity of a city than the conduct and character of her hotels. First impressions count for much, and it is from hutels that visitors form their opinion concerning the city as a whole. The famous old hostelry under notice is not surpassed in its comforts, accommodation and conveniences. It is located in the bend of King Street, and commands a full view of this busy aud attractive thoroughfare. The house at the same time extends far back so that those who wish quietness and retirement in their rooms can also be sui ed. To ladies visiting Charleston it is a desideratum, the hotel being situated in the centre of the large retail dry goods trade, and on the street that the ladies affect for their morning and evening promenades, and nearly opposite the Academy of Music. The society met with is unexceptionablv fine as many gentlemen of the city with their families re- side here permanently, thus serving to give a home-like appearance to the surroundings. The hotel has been this summer newly furnished throughout in a most expensive, elegant and com- fortable fashion. The furniture is black walnut, marble top, supplied from the famous Armstrong Furniture Company, of Evansville, Indiana. The luxurious beds are acknowledged to be as comfortable as have ever been placed in a ho el, and induce repose and slumber. This is no idle boast 1 One trial will satisfy the most skepticil. The rooms, 47 in all, are airy and commodious, and well suited to the Southern climate The table is all that can be desired, the food is the best that home and Northern markets afford, it is cooked in a careful and unexceptionable ma ner, served in elegance and variety, and the dining room large airy, and lit from three sides, is the pleasantest and most perfect in its appointments: it is 2Sxl80 feet in dimensions. The hotel proper is on the second and third floors ; on the street is a billiard room, the finest in the Slate, with eight Collander tables, a bar stocked With the fiuest wines and liquors, an excel- lent barber shop, aud a well equipped office, where night and day an obliging clerk is always in atten- dance. There are electric '■•ells all through the house and a telephone connecting with the principal stores, offices and residences of the city, for the use of guests. Mr. Price lays h mself out to attend to his guests, he is never absent from the premises : he has drilled his employees into a politeness that is seldom found in a hotel, he is assisted by his wife in the discharge of the multifarious duties incumbent upon such a large and prosperous establishment. Hi ONLY ASKS ONE TRIAL ! 252 TO 25S KING STREET, C H ARliBBUftSF.- SO, C A, HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW OF THE of South Carolina, INCLUDING THE MANUFACTURING AND MERCANTILE INDUSTRIES OF THE CITIES AND COUNTIES OF ABBEVILLE, ANDERSON, GRETJNVfLLE, NEWBERRY, ORANGEBURG, SPARTANBURG, SUMMER, UNH)N, CAMDEN, AND COUNTY OF KERSHAW, AND SKETCHES OF THEIR LEADING MEN AND BUSINESS HOUSES. VOLUME III. I EMPIRE PUBLISHING COMPANY, Charleston, S. C. 18S4. Compliments of See Page AST Those who get this book from the publishers will kindly acknowledge receipt. UglT" Pamphlet copies, per mail, can be obtained by remitting 81. 00, bound copies 83.00, to Jno. Lethem, Empire Publishing Co., Charleston, S. C. Lucas & Eichardson, Steam Book and Job Printers, 62 East Bay, Charleston, S. C. Parties having more than one copy of this work will by judiciously dis- posing of the extra ones greatly oblige subscribers and publishers. tU\ r " CszrQ . 1 /. 3 PREFACE. The general desire of the better class of our citizens to be informed with regard to the social, mercantile, commercial and manufacturing interests of our country, the material and moral status of the various municipalities, that make the States, our vast ^National territorial extent, the distance that separates producer and con- sumer, and the impracticability to universal travel, form, in our judgment, sufficient excuse for the publication of this work. The publishers have spared no time or labor, and have incurred no inconsider- able expense in procuring the fullest and most correct information with regard to the business and business men, the origin and development of prominent firms, institutions and corporations, the prominent professional men, and the incum- bents of the more important public officers, city and national. In the general articles an accurate knowledge will be imparted with refer- ence to the commercial, manufacturing and agricultural facilities of each county and the advantages of the towns as markets for the purchase of supplies. The detailed sketches of the prominent business concerns and information with regard to the leading men. professional and official, exhibit a degree of active endeavor on the part of capital and enterprise that is highly worthy of the real greatness of South Carolina. In thanking our subscribers for- their very liberal support, which has enabled us to publish over a thousand copies more than was originally intended, we pledge ourselves to spare no money in giving the work the fullest possible cir- culation, not only in the Union, but in European countries, from which we wish to draw immigration, and hope they on their part will do the same. JNO. LETHEM, General Southern Manager Empire Publishing Co. 307440 DILLING, BAKER & CO. SPARTANBURG, S. C. STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA STATE MILITARY ACADEMY. One of the original Thirteen States of the American Union lying between lat. 32 deg. and 35 deg. 10 min. N., and long. 78 deg. 25 min. and 83 deg. 19 min. W., has the form of an irregular triangle, with the coast line for its base and Georgia and North Carolina for its converging sides. Its extreme length from Little river inlet on the east to Chattooga river on the west is about 215 miles, and its greatest breadth from the mouth of the Savannah river on the south to the North Carolina line on the north about 210 miles; area about 34,000 square miles. It is bounded N. and N. E. by North Carolina, S. E. by the Atlantic ocean, and S. IT. by Georgia, from which it is separated bv the Savannah river and its upper branches. It is divided into thirty-four counties (called districts prior to 1868), viz: Abbeville, Aiken, An- derson, Barnwell, Beaufort, Berkeley, Charleston, Chester, Chesterfield, Clarendon, Colleton, Darlington, Edgefield, Fairfield, Georgetown, Greenville, Hampton, Horry, Kershaw, Lancaster, Laurens, Lexington, Marion, Marlboro’, Newberry, Oconee, Orangeburg, Pickens, Richland, Spartanburg, Sumter, Union, Williamsburg and York. The metropolis is Charleston; population about 50,000, 27,000 colored and 23,000 whites. The capital is Columbia, population 11,000 resident, floating estima- ted at 4,000 to 5,000. The chief towns are Greenville, Spartanburg, Abbeville, Sum- ter, Orangeburg, Camden, Newberry, Pinion. Anderson, Georgetown, Aiken, Beau- fort, Winnsboro’, and less important towns Rock Hill, Cheraw, Chester, Edgefield, Greenwood, Laurens, Pickensville, Lancaster, Marion, Bennettsville, Darlington, Kingstree, Conwayboro’, Walhalla, Lexington, York, Manning, Walterboro' and Barnwell. The population in 1880 was 995,577; whites 391,105, colored 604,332. For ninety years the increase of the white and colored population of the State has moved on parallel lines, with only two exceptions. The variable element in each of these exceptions has been the slave population, which in 1820 and 1860 diminished, while the white and free colored were augmenting their rate of increase. The variations are not great, and were probably due to the movement of slaves in larger numbers at these dates to the fresh lands of the southwest. With these facts as they presented 307440 H BtaTe of South Carolina. themselves in 1860, it is remarkable that, in view of the uniformly greater rate of increase of the free colored population, that the superintendent of the seventh census should have ventured to predict the disappearance of the negro race as the probable consequence of emancipation. It is noteworthy, regarding these predictions, made during the war, that while the white population in 1880 in the United States falls 15 per cent, short of the figures it was thought it would reach, the colored population comes within \ per cent, of the number it was estimated at. This prediction was based on the estimate that the colored race would increase at the rate of 22.07 per cent, in each decade, a rate of increase that is less than the least recorded at any date for the aggregate population of the United States. Inasmuch as the increase of the colored race has fallen short in the last two decades of even this moderate figure, the fears that have been expressed by certain scientific writers that their num- bers would attain proportions threatening the supremacy of the white race are evi- dently without foundation. The wonderful recuperation in the rate of increase of the population of South Carolina within the last decade, after seventy years of steady decline in that rate, and so immediately after the final and overwhelming catastrophe of the dec: <]«■ of 1860 to 1870, makes it plain that the limit of the natural resources of the State for sustaining a large population has not only not been reached, but that these resour- ces may be said to be almost untouched. If the State were as thickly settled as Rhode Island and Massachusetts, it would contain a population of from seven to eight millions, a number equal to the population of the entire Union in lslt>. al- most double that of Australia, now paying annually $90,000,000 interest on loans of English capital invested there. Meanwhile 10,000 square miles of the most fertile region of Carolina does not to-day average as many inhabitants to the square mile as are to be found in each house of the capital of Scotland. Practically therefore, the natural advantages and capacities of South Carolina may be said to be unlimited. Whatever her future increase may be, it will suffer no let or hindrance on these accounts, but will depend upon the degree in which she can succeed in establishing and maintaining cordial relations with the other States and nations of Christendom. Freed finally and forever from all that in the past has so heavily shackled their intercourse with outsiders, the polity of her people has taken a new and vigorous departure; they have thrown their gates wide open to all comers, and here we would say to those, happily, isolated communities, where a protective commercial policv lias been instituted, that as they advocate a tariff for revenue only on a national plat- form, they cannot, on principle, enforce a protective tariff in the State or munici- pal relations; aid and welcome is extended to immigrants; manufactures are en- couraged by relieving the capital invested in them from taxation, and their tradi- tional doctrines of free trade would admit all people to their commerce. THE GOVERNMENT Is administered under the constitution adopted in 1868, which provides that slavery shall never exist in the State: that every citizen owes paramount allegiance to the Uni- ted States; that the State shall ever remain in the American Union; no property quali- fication shall be necessary to eligibility to office; distinctions on account of race or color shall be prohibited and all citizens shall enjoy all common, public, legal and political privileges; no debt contracted by the State in behalf of the rebellion, shall ever be paid; presidential electois shall be elected by the people: the distinctions between actions at law and suits in equity is abolished. The right of suffrage is bestowed on every male citizen of the United States 21 years old and upwards. 'who has resided in the State one year, and in the county where he has offered to vote <>o days before election. Elections are by ballot and a plurality only of a vote cast is necessary to a choice. Qualified electors who acknowledge the existence of the Su- preme Being are entitled to hold office with unimportant exceptions. The Legislative power is vested in a general assembly, consisting of a Senate, composed of one mem- ber from each county, except Charleston, which elects two senators, and a House of State or South Caroliha, &5 124, apportioned among the counties according to population. The Senators hold office for four years, and the Representatives for two. They receive $6.00 daily during the session and 20 cents a mile for travel to and from the capital. The ses- sions are annual, beginning on the fourth Tuesday of November. The executive power is vested in a Governor (annual salary $3,500”, with a furnished residence) and a Lieutenant-Governor ($2,500) ex-officio, president of the Senate, who hold office for two years: a Comptroller General ($3, 000). Treasurer ($2,500), Secretary of State $3,000), and Attorney General ($3,000, who hold office four years; a Superintendent of Education and an Adjutant and Inspector General. These officers are elected by the people; the Governor and Lieutenant Governor must have resided two years in the State. The Governor's veto may be overcome by a two-thirds vote of the legislature. The judicial power is invested in a supreme court, circuit courts, probate courts, and courts of justices of the peace. The supreme court consists of a chief and two associate justices, elected by a joint vote of the two houses of the legislature for six years. The chief justice receives an annual salary of $4,000 and the associates $3,500 each. FORT SUMTER IN 1865. The State is divided into eight circuits, for each of which a judge is elected by a joint vote of the Legislature for four years; each receives a salarv of $3,500 a year. The Supi’eme Court has, in general, appellate jurisdiction only. The Circuit Court is divided into Court of Common Picas and Court of Sessions. The Courts of Common Pleas have exclusive jurisdiction in matters of divorce, exclusive original jurisdiction in civil cases not cognizable by Justices of the Peace, and appellate jurisdiction in cases provided for by law. The Courts of Ses- sions have exclusive jurisdiction in criminal cases not otherwise provided for by law. A Judge of Probate is elected for each county by the people for two years. Trial Justices appointed by the Governor have jurisdiction of civil cases, where the amount does not exceed $100, and of criminal proceedings for minor offences. A homestead, not exceeding $1,000 in value, is exempt from sale under execution, to every head of a family. A poll tax not exceeding $1 may be levied for school purposes. The property of a married woman is not liable for the debts of her husband, and she may deal with it in all respects as if unmarried. Before the adoption of the present Constitution divorces were unknown in the State. Divorces are now granted for adultery, or desertion for two years, and the 26 State ok South Carolina. one deserting may obtain a divorce if the desertion is justified by cruel treatment, or by neglect of the husband to provide maintenance. The death penalty is abolished except in the case of wilful murder. Arson and rape are punishable by imprison- ment for life or for a period not less than ten years; the penalty of manslaughter and burglary is imprisonment for a period not exceeding 30 years. The legal rate of interest, in the absence of agreement, is seven per cent, but any rate mav be con- tracted for. A convention to revise the Constitution may be called by a vote of the people, the question having been submitted to them by a two-thirds vote of each house of the Legislature. Specific amendments must be proposed bv two-thirds of each house, voted for by a majority of the people at the next general election, and afterwards ratified by a two-thirds vote of each House of the next General Assem- bly. The State has two Senators and seven Representatives in Congress, and has nine votes in the Electoral College. The first attempt to colonize the territory now comprised in South Carolina was made by Jean Ribalt, a Frenchman. The province of Carolina was created by Charles II in 1663. The first permanent settlement was made on the banks of the Ashley river in 1670 by English colonists, who removed in 1680 to the present site of Charleston. Under the name of Carolina both the present States of North and South Carolina, were held as a proprietary government nominally under the cele- brated model constitution prepared by Jno. Locke, till July, 1729, when the Kimr bought out the proprietors and formed the two royal colonies of North and South Carolina. In 1685 a large number of Freuch Huguenots settled in South Carolina, and subsequently there were considerable settlements of Swiss, Irish and German emigrants. The colony at various times suffered severely from Indian depredations, and with Georgia was engaged, under Oglethorpe, in a contest with the Spanish settlements in Florida. South Carolina was the scene of severe warfare durum the Revolutionary struggle, hotly contested battles being fought at Fort Moultrie, Charleston, Camden, King’s Mountain, Cowpens, Eutaw Springs, etc. The British held the country for the greater part of the years 1780-'81. The battle of Ee- taw Springs, September, 1781, between Gen. Greene and Col. Stuart, in which both sides claimed the victory, was the last engagement of any importance durum the Revolution. A State constitution was first adopted on 26th March, 1776; the con- stitution of the United States was ratified by South Carolina on 23d Mav. 1788. Immediately after the Presidential election of 1832, a convention of the people of South Carolina was called to meet at Columbia, to take action on the high tariff of 1828 and 1832. The convention met on 19tli November, unanimouslv adopting the “nullification ordinance, ’’ which pronounced the tariff “null, void' and no law. nor binding on this State, its officers and citizens,” and prohibited the payment of duties on imports imposed by that law within the State after Februarv 1st ensuiim. The ordinance contemplated an Act of the Legislature nullifying the tariff, and de- clared that no appeal could be made to the Supreme Court of the United States against the validity of such Act. It was also declared that should the general gov- ernment attempt to enforce the law thus nullified, or to interfere with the foreign commerce of the State, the people of South Carolina would “hold themselves ab- solved from all further obligation to maintain or preserve their political connection with the people of the other States.” This action was approved by the Governor. Robert Y. Hayne, in his message to the Legislature, and measures were adopted bv that body to give practical effect to the ordinance. In view of the threatened emergency. President Jackson ordered General Scott to Charleston, for the purpose of “superintending the safety of the ports of the United States in that vicinity,” and soon after the meeting of Congress in Decem- ber, issued a proclamation in which he held that nullification was treason and should be punished as such. During the session of this Congress the compromise tariff was passed, which being acceptable to South Carolina, the course threatened bv that State was not pursued. In April, 1860, the South Carolina delegates to the National Democratic Convention at Charleston, withdrew from that bodv, because the Convention did not expressly deny in its platform, “the power either of the State oe South Carolina. 27 Federal Government or its agent, the territorial government, to abolish or legislate against property in slaves by either direct or indirect legislation.” South Carolina was the first of the Southern States to institute active uneasiness for withdrawing from the Union on the election of Lincoln, and the first to pass an ordinance of se- cession. On November 7, 1860, an Act was passed by the Legislature calling a State Convention. On the same day the United States officials in Charleston resigned, and on the 10th the South Carolina Senators withdrew from the United States Senate. An election of delegates having been held on December 6, the Convention assembled in Charleston on the 18th, and passed the ordinance of secession on the 20th, without a dissenting vote. Commissioners were appointed to go to Washing- ton to treat with President Buchanan for the possession of federal property within the limits of South Carolina, while others were sent to the slave holding States to invite their co-operation in the formation of a Southern Confederacy. On the 24th the Representatives in Congress withdrew from that body, and on the same day Governor Pickens proclaimed the dissolution of the Union between South Carolina and the other States. On the 27th, Fort Moultrie and Castle Pinckney were seized by the State. The bombardment and capture of Fort Sumter, April 12th and 13th, CUSTOM :HOUSE, CHARLESTON. by General Beauregard, was the beginning of open hostilities, and caused great ex- citement throughout the country. The ports of the seceded States were declared blockaded by President Lincoln on April 19th. Hilton Head and Bay Point were captured on November 7th, by an expedition under Admiral Dnpont, and Gen. G. T. Sherman. On April 7th, 1863, Admiral Dupont made an unsuccessful attempt to reduce the defenses of Charleston Harbor, losing one of his vessels in the en- gagement. A land attack was made in July by General Q. A. Gilmore, who took possession of Morris Island, but was repulsed with great loss in an assault upon Fort Wagner. That work was reduced by bombardment September 7, and shells were thrown into the city itself. In the latter part of January, 1865, Gen. W. T. Sherman’s army began its march from Savannah through South Carolina, having Goldsboro’, N. C., as an objective point and threatening Charleston and Augusta at the same time. Columbia was sur- 28 State of South Carolina. rendered on February 17, and Charleston and all its defences were evacuated on the same day. Gen. Sherman resuming his march from Columbia and destroying rail- roads, bridges, etc., reached C'heravv on the Great Pee Dee, March 3d, whence he moved to Fayetteville, N. C. B. F. Perry was appointed Provisional Governor of South Carolina, 30th June, 1865. On September 4 delegates were chosen to a Con- vention which assembled in Columbia, September 13, repealed the Ordinance of Se- cession and declared slavery abolished. Jas. L. Orr was chosen Governor at a gene- ral election held October 18. At the same time a Legislature was elected which met before the close of the month. Governor Orr assumed the duties of his office on November 29, but it was not till December 25 that the Provisional Governor was re- lieved and the authority in the State restored to the officers elected by the people. This government continued in force until supplanted by the military government provided by Congress in March, 1867, when Gen. Sickles was appointed to the com- mand of the Second Military District, embracing North and South Carolina. He was succeeded in the beginning of September by Gen. Canby. A registration of vo- ters was now held preliminary to an election to ascertain the will of the people m reference to calling a State Convention to frame a constitution and civil govern- ment, and 78,982 colored and 46,346 white voters were registered. At the election held, November 19 and 20, 68,876 colored and 130 white persons voted for a conven- tion and 2,081 whites against it. Of the delegates chosen 34 were white and 63 col- ored. The convention assembled on January 14. 1868. and adopted a constitution which was ratified by the people April 14, 15 and 16 by a vote of 70,758 to 27.288. At the same time State officers, members of the Legislature (of whom 85 were col- ored and 72 white) and Representatives to Congress were chosen. The Legislature assembled July 6, and on the 9th Governor Scott was inaugurated. The State be- came entitled to representation in Congress by the ratification (108 to lo) of the fourteenth amendment to the Federal Constitution, and reconstruction was practi- cally completed by the withdrawal of the military authorities on the 13th. The fif- teenth amendment to the Federal Constitution was ratified by the Legislature on March 11, 1869, by a vote of 18 to 1 in the Senate, and 88 to 3 in the House. At the Presidential election in 1868, 62,916 votes were cast for Grant (Republican) and 45,237 for Seymour (Democrat). This was the first time in the history of the State that the people had voted for President and Vice-President: previously the Presi- dential electors were chosen by the Legislature. Du ring 1868 and subsequently disorders alleged to have been committed by masked outlaws called “Ku-Klux” were reported in this State, especially in the north- western counties. In the latter part of 1871 and the beginning of 1872 numerous arrests were made under an Act of Congress for the suppression of these outrages, and many persons were convicted in the United States Courts and punished. The franchising of the negro gave to the Republican party the control of the govern- ment in this State. These slaves, domesticated to the most paternal government and knowing no care for self, were overwhelmed with a condition for which only in- telligent humanity is fitted. Freed of all restraint, moral, religious and legal, it was not strange that great excesses followed the transition from slavery to the full rights of an American citizen. Add to this the fanatical false teachings of political demagogues, who pandered to ignorance to gain votes for office, and the dark pic- tures of French revolutions pale in contrast. Night became lurid with the incendi- ary’s torch. Every man’s hand was close to his pistol. Law was a myth. Anarchy reigned. For seven long, dark years the oppressor's iron hand held its savage grip. Nor was this all. The dominant party, reckless of principle and anxious only for spoil, upheld the ignorant negro while the white man was prostrate. Arms and am- munition were freely issued by the General Government to the blacks, and so anx- ious was the Republican party to hold the State of South Carolina, that the quota of arms for thirty years was distributed at one time. Negro legislators and officials were cheek by jowl with Northern thieves and adventurers, until the State was bound like Prometheus. The vultures did their work well. The inherent power of intelligence asserted itself in the end. The white men bore all, but waited. In State op South Carolina. 29 1876 Gen. Hampton came to the front, and was the Palinurus to steer the tempest- tossed ship to a haven of rest. The State of South Carolina is divided into two grand divisions, the “up- country,” or that portion above Columbia, and the “low-country,” the portion nearer the sea, and which indeed was in a late geological era, covered by water. Under five parallel minor natural heads, the State has been further divided into (1,) the coast region, which rarely extends more than 10 miles inland; (2.) the lower pine belt, or Savannah region, having a width of some 50 miles: (3.) the upper pine belt, or the central cotton belt, is covered with long-leaf pine, mixed with oak and hickory; (4,) the red hills’ soil, is a rich mixture of red clay and sand; the counties of Orangeburg and Sumter are in it, and it includes some of the finest soil and healthiest climate in the State; (5.) the sand-hill region , extends from Aiken to Chesterfield counties; (6,) the Piedmont region, and (7,) the Alpine region, in the extreme north-west. SOUTH ROW OF COTTAGES GLENN SPRINGS. See page 175. THE PIEDMONT REGION. This favored section of country of South Carolina, coincides very nearly with what is known as the “upper part” of the State. The whole of the counties of Abbeville, Anderson, Newberry, Union, almost the whole of Greenville and Spartanburg, and a portion of Kershaw are in it. Its physical features entitle it to the name of Piedmont, for, like the paradise of Italy, it is sheltered from the winds of the interior of the continent by a high Alpine range — in this case the Blue Ridge mountains. Its mean elevation above the sea is 560 feet. The surface of the coun- try resembles a gently undulating plain, which becomes more rolling as it approaches 30 State of South Cakoliha. the rivers and larger streams, and is finally hilly and broken above the bottoms and narrow low grounds through which the numerous water courses find their passage. While the general rise in the surface is less than that in the low country, the rise in the beds of the streams, owing to the resistance of the underlying rock which prevents, the water from deepening the channels, is much greater. The average fall per mile of the five largest rivers — the Savannah, Congaree, Wateree, Broad and Catawba — in this region, is 4^- feet, against 1^- feet per mile in their lower courses. While this renders the upper portion of these rivers difficult for ordinary naviga- tion, it adds largely to their availability for water powers for moving stationary ma- chinery and for the transport of rafts of logs, by which method the timber of mountain forests is easily and quickly conveyed to the sea. The Savannah river is navigable for pole boats, carrying 50 bales of cotton, 154 miles above Augusta. The Saluda is navigable for 84 miles above Columbia, the Broad for 113 miles above the same city. The rocks of this region are a continuation of and similar to those of Middle North Carolina, identified by the geologist of that State, Professor W. C. Kerr, as belonging to the Laurentian and Huronian formations. These are held to be the wmmsmmk b5ttZ?NG house grr'. THE SPRING, GLENN SPRINGS. most ancient of rock strata, and ante-date the unnumbered ages during which the varied forms of plant and animal life have succeeded one another on this planet. Disclosing themselves no undisputed evidence that any living things existed at the period when they were formed, it is upon their flanks and largely from material fur- nished by their disintegration that the whole series of formation composing the sur- face of the earth, and marking the different geological eras of its history, has been built up. The prevalence of these rocks on the American continent, has induced geologists to transpose the common appellations of the old and new worlds, proving beyond a doubt, that the continent of the Ked Indian and the Aztec, has a history — could it tell it — older than that of Asia. In South Carolina these oldest rocks appear among the sands of the tertiary — the most recent geological age. The records of the intervening ages have disappeared, and the stone pages upon which the introduc- tory and concluding chapters of the earth s history are written, here lie side by side. Siate oe South Carolina. CLIMATE. The short seasons and lower temperatures of the Piedmont region, as compared with those lying immediately south of it, are but slightly attributable to differences of elevation or of latitude, these differences being themselves slight. In so far as it obtains its results, perhaps from greater nearness to the mountains, and, as affect- ing agriculture, still more to the heavier clay soils and subsoils, more retentive of moisture, and therefore, colder and later in spring than the light, sandy loams of the lower country. Cotton planting is about ten days later, cotton blooms are also later, but by a lesser period, and the same may be said of the opening and picking season of the plant; showing that with a later start, it grows faster, passing through more rapid stages to maturity. This region is almost identical with the climate of the south of France and the valleys of Switzerland, so much sought after in summer by residents living further south, and in winter by the inhabitants of colder climates. This re- gion does not seem to be affected by that variableness of temperature common to lo- RESIDENCE OF A PROMINENT SOUTH CAROUNIAN. calities in proximity to mountain ridges. This is shown by the existence of isother- mal belts in various sections, wherein there is a singular exception to the effects of frosts. On Rich Iiill, in Pacolet township, Spartanburg, a ridge of six miles broad, between the Pacolet and Fair Forest rivers, fruit has been injured by late frosts but once in forty years. Localities in Pinion and the vicinity of Paris mountain in Greenville also enjoy this immunity in nearly the same degree. The average rainfall in the region is 52.34 in., varying from 44.05 to 60.12. In point of healthfulness the Piedmont country leaves nothing to be desired; it is entirely free from malarial in- fluences, the mosquito is unknown, and no place on the American continent offers greater inducements to those fleeing from the rigors of winter on the heat of sum- mer. Blessed with sunshine and showers throughout the year, there is just winter enough to keep the insects in check, while the pomegranate and fig do not require to be sheltered. Destructive storms of wind, rain or hail never occur here. In our sketch of the counties we have noticed in detail the geology and mineralogy of this region. Merit Directory and Publishing Company, Mil A« SMITH, Mamgkr, — PUBLISHERS OF — Gazetteers anti Business Directories — OF THE STATES OF — NORTH CAROLINA, | SOUTH CAROLINA, FLORIDA, (j| GEORGIA, TENNESSEE, | ALABAMA, AND MISSISSIPPI. Publishers of City Directories in the States of VIRGINIA, SOUTH CAROLINA • ALABAMA. «IBEGT#MI1S^ Of all other States and prominent Cities kept on file, and for sale at Publishers’ prices. Ipgp Address all communications to the MAIN OFFICE, 69 BROAD STREET, CHARLESTON, S. C. BRANCH OFFICES: LYNCHBURG, VA., JACKSONVILLE, FLA., ATLANTA, GA., CHATTANOOCA, and NASHVILLE, TENN. MONTGOMERY, ALA., GREENVILLE, S. C VIEW OF CITY FltOM UNIVERSITY TOWER. Civilization and the white man advanced from the sea coast to the interior of South Carolina very slowly, and the colony had been established in the State more than eighty years before an effort was made to settle the present Piedmont section with white people. When Charleston was an im- portant city with a flourishing commerce, noble church buildings and great warehouses, and the machinery of civilized government was in complete and active operation over a colony containing 30,000 white and 80,000 black people, the rolling surface of the territory now composing Greenville county, two hundred and thirty miles inland, was an unbroken forest of large oaks, chestnuts and hickories, with the wide, clean spaces between their massive trunks unmarred by undergrowth, and crystal with thick grass and pea vines, on which deer and buffalo fed in herds, while the strong, narrow mountain streams ran swiftly past them, to acquire broader proportions and gentler movement in the more level country below and nourish the vast meadows of high and waving cane that astonished and delighted the first immigrants sent from the coast to possess them. The mountain country, however, was not destined to await the gradual process of natural increase, and the occasional arrivals of bodies of immigrants slowly filled the middle and low countries with colonies of Jacobite Highlanders, brought over after Culloden, Scotch-Irish, Welsh, French, Pro- testants, Dutch and Germans. After the defeat of Braddock in 1755, sturdy settlers from Pennsylvania and Virginia came along the mountain ranges seeking safety from French and Indian vengeance, settled in the upper por- tion of North and South Carolina and began to spread their settlements on both sides of the mountain range. Until 1777, however, white people were few and widely separated in Greenville county. The trail that marked the boundary of the Cherokee Indian territory ran thirteen miles below where the city of Greenville now stands, crossing the Enoree River where the Batesville and Pelham cotton factories now utilize its unfailing, impetuous current. The only white family known to have lived above this line at that time was that of Paris, a Scotchman, who had a trading station where Greenville city now stands, his log house being somewhere east of the present Main street, and a small mill on the Reedy River about on the present site of the coach factory. 50 City of Greenville. He gave Mir is Mountain, three miles above Greenville, its name. Being a Tory, he escaped molestation from the Indians, who in 1776 sided with the British Government, stimulated, no doubt, by the many petty independent feuds and occasional small skirmishes they had with the white people settled near the line, and committed many outrages, including the murder of An- thony Hampton — great-grandfather of' the present United States Senator — and iiis family. The Hamptons were settled just below the boundaries of the Indian territory, near where the line dividing Greenville and Spartanburg counties now runs. In 1777 a decisive battle between the South Carolina militia and In- dians, known in local tradition as “the ring fight" from the fact that the white men surrounded the Indians, forming a ‘■'ring" around them, was fought in Pickens county. The Cherokees were defeated and compelled to surrender all the land belonging to them within the present limits of (irecn- ville, Pickens, Anderson. Oconee atyl Spartanburg counties: During the war of Revolution the increase of population bv immigration continued slowly, the recruits coming chiefly from Virginia and \orth Caro- lina. 'The people were generally loyal Whigs and many good fighting men were sent from among them to join the Continental armies and partisan hands in the low country, and northward where the war was actively prosecuted. The actual fighting in Greenville district, however, was confined to what is now called “bushwhacking" and occasional irregular forays mi hostile neigh- borhoods by the adherents of King George or the Republic, Tories and Whig' hunting and harrying each other relentlessly as force was acquired or oppor- tunity found. The hills and streams of the country forbade the evolutions of armies and the scanty population and tillage offered no inducements for inva- sions or contention. When the Revolution had ended and peace was restored, new inhabitants poured into Greenville rapidly from both sides. Virginians and North Caro- linians coming in over the mountains and Irish and natives pushing their set- tlements upward from the low country. The town of Greenville came into ex- istence with the name of Pleasautboro' which was changed to the present cog- nomen in 1831, and became the trading station for a considerable territory. It also acquired importance frorq irs location on the thoroughfare between the coast and mountains, many of the wealthy people of Charleston and South Carolina having established summer homes in favorable places in the Blue Ridge and going to them regularly at the approach of warm weather, return- ing in the fall, and traveling both ways in private conveyances or the stage coaches of. the time. Greenville.was a resting place for these travelers, and furnished then as now a climate free alike from the dampness and cold char- acterizing the higher latitudes in the early spring and late autumn and the heat of the low country. It was the custom to stop in the town for a week or two on the journeys to and from the summer habitations. Despite these advantages, and its possession of the court-house of the dis- trict of Greenville, the growth of the village was slow, and in 18‘14 it did not possess more than 450 inhabitants. It was far “in the backwoods." and ' dur- ing the rains of winter visitors were rare. Its trade consisted to a great ex- tent of barter. The original staple of the surrounding country was tobacco, knowledge of which the Virginia and North Carolina planters brought with them, but it gave place to corn, wheat, oats and cotton, the latter being for a long time grown only in small quantities. The tobacco was hauled to Charleston, but subsequently all of the surplus crop of produce was hauled t>> Augusta. 150 miles away, and disposed of there, the trip usually requiring some weeks and involving prolonged periods of camping. 'The merchants in the town purchased their stocks of goods in New York, had them shipped to Augusta hv> water, and hauled them from that city. The first cotton factory in the county, and probably the first in the State, State of South Cakolixa. 5L was established at Batesville, twelve miles below Green ville, between 1830 and 1840, but its business, for a long time, was confined to supplementing the deficiencies of the neighborhood’s spinning wheels. The proportion of slaves in the county was comparati vely small and there was little wealth. The people, isolated as they were from the outside world, were thrifty, sober and peaceful, making for themselves almost everything they ate or wore, having usually an abundance to supply their simple wants, and acquiring and desiring little more. The religious element was always predominant, and Baptists and Methodists were numerous, while the Scotch and Scotch- Irish settlers, adhering to their faith with characteristic tenacity, established strong and flourishing Presbyterian congregations in several places. Educational facilities were not good, but most of the boys and girls, except those in the innermost mountain sections, acquired a knowledge of the three IPs at least, and the population was an intelligent one. In 1858 the Greenville & Columbia Railroad was completed to Greenville, the people of the town and county aiding its construction and guiding its di- rection to their own advantage with the energy, enterprise and shrewdness that have governed their operations ever since. The town immediately woke to new life. Being the terminus of the comparatively expeditious and direct means of communication and transportation to and from deep water, it soon became the metropolis of the section and its trade quickly extended on all sides, reaching far over the mountains into North Carolina. CIVIL WAR. In 18(50 the war excitement began. Greenville county was always a stronghold of the Union party, audits people staunchly supported the Hon. B. F. Perry in the persistent and gallant tight he made for years against almost the entire State, which sustained the principle and policy of secession. Nevertheless, when war was begun the mountaineers were not backward in defending their State, and Greenville county sent strong forces of infantry, artillery and cavalry to the Confederate armies. Her voters in 1860 num- bered about '1.20n. and she furnished more than 2,500 soldiers. V hen the old and disabled voters are subtracted from the count, it will be understood how many of the boys between 16 and 21 years old went to wear the gray and carry muskets and how few the able-bodied men left at home were. The quality of these soldiers as fighters was illustrated by the Sixteenth Regiment, which consisted entirely of Greenville men who went out the second year of the war, most of whom were of middle age. This regiment, during the battle of Franklin, late in the evening” charged a Federal breastwork. Unable to get over it. the men clung to the foot of it during the entire night, some of them sleeping there, while their comrades fired at the Federal troops by poking the muzzles of their guns over the work, because no man could show himself at the top and live." The regiment went over in the morning and completed the capture, after fighting for it for twelve hours. SINCE THE WAR. The town and county recuperated rapidly after the war, despite the num- bers of their men left on the battle fields and sent home maimed in person and crippled in fortune. The returned soldiers quietly, promptly and pa- tiently took their places between their plow handles. Slaves had not com- posed the bulk of the wealth or been depended on entirely for labor. The lands were good and readv, and the white men knew how to work, and were in a majority sufficient to avoid the disturbances incident to evenly balanced or proportionately excessive colored population during the reconstruction period. The use of commercial fertilizers was begun and cotton planting engaged in generally and successfully. Every new enterprise received the 52 City of Greenville, united aid of the people; strangers were welcomed and encouraged and en- ergetic hands and strong arms effaced all the external scars of war. Cotton factories and other manufacturing enterprises were developed, busy people strove to extend trade and develop the resources of the country, and the town was given the impetus it has never lost and fairly started on its wonderful career of growth, improvement and acquisition. In 1874 the Charlotte & Atlanta Air Line Railroad was completed. Green- ville being at its point of intersection with the Columbia & Greenville Road, and the city increased her speed and attained a growth superior to that of any in the South. Here are the figures from the census returns and they tell the story: City population in 1860 1.815 “ “ 1870 2,757 “ “ 1880 6,160 “ “ 1883. 8,355 Increase from 1870 to 1880, 10 years 13.1 per cent. Increase from 1880 to 1883, 3 years 11.0 “ Population of county, 1860 21.892 “ “ 1870 22,262 “ “ 1880 37,496 Males 18,513 White 22,983 Females 18,983 Colored 14,513 Greenville is 1,050 feet above the sea level and is noted for its health- fulness. STREETS AND BUILDINGS. The streets are partially paved with granite rock and brick pavement, and thoroughly graded. There are two miles of street railway in the town. Reedy River, with two falls of 30 feet each, traverses the town, which lias in addition 25 street cisterns, capacity about 15,000 gallons each. Rock culverts as drains, with side drains of terra cotta, make a good system of drainage and sewerage. There are six hotels and several well-stocked livery stables. The handsome brick Court-house cost 825.000. The Theatre, or Opera Hall, usually open about twice a week during the season, cost 815.000. There are one daily and three weekly newspapers. The University grounds are well kept, and the Agricultural Fair Grounds covering 30 acres, have some fine buildings. There are Baptist, Methodist, Episcopal, Presbyterian and Catholic white churches, and Presbyterian, Baptist, Methodist and African Methodist churches for colored people, all well supported and attended, with a seating capacity of 300 to 1,000 each, and costing in the aggregate 885.0o0 feet in extent, and here is carried a full line of hardware, and smaller agricultu- State of South Carolina. 73 ral implements and paints, oils and var- nishes, goods being in keeping with the rest of the products guaranteed of best quality. In the rear of this is the I office where callers who come to buy or to sell, will be made comfortable and at home, and entertained by the owner, or, in his absence, by the superintendent. Stepping out of the office we enter the large yard around which are clustered various buildings. First we have the repair shop. 20x104 feet in extent; next an imposing four-story brick struc- | lure, 46x100 feet, conspicuous in the j Georgia and Florida, where they dis- I pose of annually betweeen 3,000 and j 4,000 vehicles, which have yet to find i their rivals. In strength, build, finish, lightness and durability, other makers take them as the criterion of perfection, and model their own after them, but have as yet failed to compete at the low prices. Besides these they sell about 100 vehicles of other makers, and are agents for Columbus buggies, the famous Emerson & Fisher, Cortland wagons, T. T. llaydock buggies, Cherry, O’Connor & Co.’s wagons, etc. The stock likewise annexed diagram; here are the black- smith’s, trimming and paint shops; next : comes a three-story paint shop, 40x90 ft. : then down on the river a 3-story wood- , working department; then the drying house; the wagon shed on the street is ' 25x60 feet, and the other 20x150. There I is also a lumber shed 40x160 feet, which l gives ample room for the storage and (thorough seasoning of the large quanti- fies of hickory, oak, asli and poplar and the various other woods they use, and the many outhouses usually accompany- ing such a large establishment. At this factory are manufactured all sorts of carriages. The stock includes plantation wagons, 1, 2. 3 and 4-horse sizes, which have for fifty years been the standard of excellence in four States, top and open buggies, doctors’ phaetons, plain and fine rockaways, various styles of four-seated shifting top carriages, [planters’ buggies, carefully built to suit the farmers’ needs, etc., etc. Their pro- ducts are sold all over the Carolinas, includes hubs and wheels, spokes, rims, axles, springs, tire-bolts, clips, reap- hooks, scythes, bar-iron, band-iron, plough iron, shoemakers’ tools, shoe- findings, etc. The West’s Guano Distributor, of which the house owns the patent, also calls for special mention, as for simplici- ty and cheapness it is unsurpassed, and saves money even where the farmer only uses a ton of fertilizer. Their cotton j planter and their home-made grain cra- i dies are unrivalled. In fact, the pro- ducts of the house are in every way superior and up to standard, their ma- chinery is the latest and most improved, and they enjoy every facility for receiv- ing goods and shipping to customers at the least cost. The proprietor of this reliable and solid old factory is one of our most re- spected citizens. He was born in Charleston in 1827, and came to this county when eleven years old. He has been in this business and connected with 74 City of Greenville, this house since 1853, and has ever been a leading factor in its prosperous career. In the late war, first in the Second South Carolina, later on detailed duty, he rendered service for four years in Virginia. He has always been active in promoting the public welfare, was three or four years Alderman of the city, and takes a leading part in ecle- siastical affairs as a Warden of the Episcopal Church. He is largely inter- ested in other extensive undertakings; is a director in the Greenville Bank, Camperdown Mills, etc.; has lately ac- quired an orange grove in Florida of 700 trees; has a pretty fruit farm and vineyard on Paris Mountain, and three years ago he started breeding-ponds for carps near Lowndes Hill, that have met with a gratifying degree of success. The superintend- ent of the factory, Mr. G. W. Sirriue, well versed in all the details of the business, is a native of Connec t i c u t , and came South , at nine years old; was raised in Geor- gia, and has been in this county and in this position nine years. He is superintendent of the M. E. Sunday School. He has been in the carriage line all his life, and is undoubtedly the right man in the right place. There are over 40 workmen em- ployed by the establishment, and Mr. Thos. B. Whitmire is head of the sales department in the store proper. In conclusion, we shall be safe in say- ing that the Greenville Coach Factory forms a large link in the chain of sound institutions, which have aided so mate- rially in fostering and developing the commercial and manufacturing interests of Greenville, and spending her name far and wide as the Empire City of the Palmetto State. WOOD FUST CARP PONDS. German scale carp only. I am now ready to deliver from my five spacious ponds, either small fish for stocking ponds, or yearlings in pairs for spawning. Address, J. W. WOOD, Greenville Coach Factory. WILKINS, POE & CO. Hardware, Agricultural Imple- ments and Machinery. In order to bring before the pub- lic the highly finished, nicely de- signed and handsome manufactures in this line now made it is necessary to have reliable houses handling these goods, who, buying in large quanti- ties, are enabled to further retail to the consumer at prices a shade above the cost of manufacture. South Carolina is fortunate in possessing such a house, in the well-known firm of Wilkins. Poe & Co., one of the largest dealers in their line in the upper part of the State. They were originally founded in 1815 as Wil- kins, Williams & Co., and in May. '62. that firm dividing, the above l ouse was formed, and continued to maintain the prestige it had always enjoyed. Their trade ramifies all through upper South Carolina, where they have salesmen con- stantly traveling, and into Georgia and North Carolina. They deal in all kinds of hardware, cutlery, machanics". mould- ers’, machinists’ and builders’ tools, manufacturers’ supplies, iron, nails, steel, cutlery, guns, pistols, wagon and car- riage material, etc. They have likewise constantly on hand, a full line of agri- cultural implements and machinery, and are agents for W. A. Wood's world re- nowned harvesters, the Eclipse cotton gin. feeder and condenser, the Cassady sulkj 1 plow, indorsed by farmers every- where, Frick & Co.’s Eclipse portable and stationary farm engines, Waynes- boro’ Eclipse separators, threshers, saw mills, etc., the celebrated Perry Boyce, reapers, Standard mowers, reapers, cul- tivators, corn, cotton and pea planters, the Taylor Manufacturing Co.'s climax, dry steam and tiger portable and station- ary engines, Barley's patent reversible tooth harrows, Whipples spring tooth, sulky and floating harrows, cultivators, horse rakes. &c., Southern cane mills, and evaporators. Moore County grits, corn and wheat stones, Bradford Mill State of South Carolina. 75 Co/s portable mills, Simpson & Gault’s i mills and mill stones, Victor standard wagon and platform scales, South Bend chilled plows, Smith’s patent metal-fin- ger grain cradles, Dupont’s sporting and blasting powder, Atlas dynamite and giant powder, etc., etc. They have re- cently published a large illustrated cata- logue, supplement to the Enterprise and Mountaineer, sent free with prices on application. The stock never amounts to less than $35,000 in value. It is almost unneces- sary to say that the premises are adapted in every way to business. They are cen- trally located on Main St., of Green- ville, and cover a spacious floor and basement, 24 feet frontage, 186 feet deep and 40 feet in the rear. They em- ploy eight competent and polite hands in the store, who are kept constantly buys attending to the many callers and patrons. The individual members of the firm, Messrs, ffm. Wilkins, 1ST. C. Poe and A. II. Foster, are gentlemen whose abil- ity is commensurate with the important size of their undertakings. The first was born 1826, on the line of Spartanburg and Union counties, is one of our res- pected citizens. From 1848 till ’55 he was in Charleston, and then in Hew York till South Carolina seceded. He first went out with the 5th S. C. Regi- ment, and 12 months later joined the PalmettoSharp-shooters, being with them till Appomattox. He did gallant service for the True Cause, was always where the bullets flew thickest, and at Seven Pines, while acting as orderly-sergeant, w T as wounded in the left hip. After the war | he was employed with the offshoot from the same Hew York house he had been with before. He is a director in Cam- perdown Mills, in the Greenville Bank and also a Mason, Lodge 73 Strict Ob- servance, Charleston, S. C. The second was born in Alabama, came to this State when 8 years old, and has always been recognized as one of the Mountain City’s 1 energetic business men and useful citi- : zens. The third attends to the business in | Union, carried on under the name of : Foster & Wilkins. These gentlemen represent an element of reliability in their business and social relations with the community, that has been an important aid to its advance- ment and progress, a bulwark to its solid commercial standing, and a moving fac- tor in the rapid prosperity of South Car- olina’s Fall River. See inside front cover. LIPSCOSVSB & RUSSELL, Dealers in Groceries, Shoes and Dry Goods. In Greenville there are some large es- tablishments, which mainly contribute the reputation the city enjoys as a source of supply, and among them stands the well known house of Lipscomb & Rus- sell, one of the leading exponents in the grocery line. The house is a very old one, dating back to ante-Tjellum times, and has been under the ownership of the present proprietors since January, 1882, when they succeeded T. W. Davis. The store is centrally located on Main Street. The main building consists of two floors and a cellar, each 64x100 feet, besides a large brick warehouse, 40x75 feet, in the rear. The stock running from $12,000 to $15,000 in value, ac- cording to the season, consists of a full line of staple and fancy groceries, the finest China teas, Java and Mocha cof- fees, standard grade of Hew Orleans sugars and molasses, East Indian spices, all varieties of country produce, fresh and salt provisions, best brands of canned meats, fruits and fish, a complete assort- ment of table delicacies, cigars and tobacco, and, in fact, everything used at the table of the mansion or the log cabin. They also do a considerable busi- ness, mostly in the fall season, in boots and shoes and staple dry goods. 76 City of Greenville. their goods in these lines being like their groceries, obtained from first hands in large quantities, and retailed at small margins. In fact, this house offers a full line of goods, for excellent quality not easily duplicated. They do not con- fine themselves to a retail business, hut do a large jobbing trade extending all over South Carolina and into North Carolina and Tennessee. They have an experienced representative traversing J. A. RUSSELL. that territory, and employ, in connection with the store, four hands and a wagon. Mr.W. A. Hunt is the confidential clerk. The individual members of this house are Mr. J. W. Lipscomb and Mr. J. A. Bussell, both enterprising and honest men of business. The first was born in Abbeville, and came to this county in 1877, and is a member of the County Democratic Committee. The second is a native of Anderson, and came here in 1875, and is also active in the Democratic Club. The transactions of this firm amount annually to over $100,000, and business is conducted in a manner that greatly redounds to the enhanced consideration with which the house is generally re- garded, and we can only, in conclusion, commend it to the trade and the con- sumer, with the assurance of treatment in keeping with the fairest representa- tions a live and enterprising policy. GILREATH, HARRIS & CO. Wagons, Carriages, Buggies, Doors, Sash, Blinds, Lime, Cement, Shingles, etc., Warehouse and Storage, Owners of the Green- ville City Railway. The above house whose extensive oper- ations and numerous connections place it among the first in the State, tends bv the many advantages and conveniences it possesses to greatly facilitate trade, and enhance the pleasure of living gen- erally in Greenville. In addition to the Street Railway and stock owned by them, they are engaged in the warehouse business. Their ware- house is of brick and the largest in the city, being 60x150 feet in dimensions, with storage capacity for 2,500 bales of cotton. In addition to their storage and ware- house business they carry a large stock of all kinds of buggies, wagons, doors, sash, blinds, etc., bought direct from the best factories in the country. With the City Railway they do both a passenger and transfer business, running 8 cars, most of which are split new. Their 4 freight cars, with a capacity of 10,000 lbs. each, enables them to do the transfer business of the city. They have in all 3 miles of track, running through the heart of the city, from de- pot to depot, and are considering ex- tending on other streets. In their transactions this house never do things by halves. They buy on a tre- mendous scale, and rank with any in their line in the South. They never buy in less than carload lots and seldom low- er than five at a time. The marble lime sold by them is known all over the State. Of this they receive 1.000 bbls. (10 car loads) at one time, and fill contracts for large quanti- ties. The individual members of this pros- perous firm are Messrs. Belton Gilreath and T. E. Harris. The first was for- merly of the firm Gilreath & Burbage. He is a native of Greenville, a leading member of the M. E. Church, and is one of the most active and influential men of the city. Few men of his age have his business capacity, fewer still his untiring energy and ability for hard work. It may be truly said of him. “He is never idle.” We can heartily State of South Carolina. 77 endorse the following copied from the Greenville News: ‘‘Belton Gilreath has been probably the most successful young man in busi- ness in this County. Coming to Green- ville from Georgia about 10 years ago, he commenced business backed by his friends and relatives, but with little cap- ital. He now has one of the largest con- cerns in the up-country, and is perhaps better knoAvn in business circles than any young man of his age in the State. The Opera House was formerly man- aged by him, and owned by himself and W. W. Gilreath. He has since sold his interest in the property, but it still retains his name ‘Gilreath Ojoera House.’ ” Mr. Harris, his partner, is a native of Edgefield, and came to Greenville in 1873. This firm conducts its operations in a manner which redounds on the superior management, integrity and foresight of its owners. With the increasing impor- tance of the city their business in all its branches will always keep pace with the resources at their command, we look to see the establishment long a prominent sup- port and useful aid in the progress and prosperity of the Mountain City. HUCUEMOT MILLS. C. H. Lanneau, Treasurer. Cotton fabrics are nearly as old in his- tory as the cloths of wool and silk. The Egyptian dead, who were embalmed when Joseph was Prime Minister of Pharoah, were swathed with cotton cam- bric. The Hindoos and Chinese used it with silk as a national staple for clothing a thousand years before Christ. The East Indian spinners and weavers for hundreds of years supplied the world with their lawns, made on the rudest and most clumsy arrangement of bamboo sticks. That has however all been revolu- tionized and to-day cotton manufactur- ing is a science. Among the more recently established enterprises in the South, .the Huguenot Mill of Greenville, though perhaps not so large as some of its ponderous rivals, may be considered a model factory of modern style. It is well located on the banks of the Reedy River, in the City of Greenville, S. C. The company with a capital of $150,000 was incorporated, and the mill was opened for work in 1882, with 220 looms. The building is an attractive 2 story brick structure, 40 xl50 feet in extent. Newly started, it has the advantage of being provided with the very latest and most improved machinery supplied from the work- shops of Wood, of Philadelphia. The machinery is driven by an eighty- horse engine, no water power being used. To the main building is added a large dye house, capacity 500 looms, and the neatly furnished office, where callers will be entertained by the G eneral Super- intendent of the factory, Mr. C H Lan- neau, is also in a separate building. Employment is given to 120 hands and the products consist chiefly of plaids and cottonades. The goods have met with marked success, are handled by Aldrich, Iddings & Clifton, New York, and are in increasing demand in the markets of the South and West, where they compete triumphantly with the old- est standard fabrics. Mr. Lanneau, the Treasurer and head of this prosper- ous concern is to be congratulated on the good fortune that has attended his efforts. He is purely a self-taught mil- ler, has been 15 years in the business in this county, and was formerly Treasurer of the Reedy River Factory. This mill which lie erected in the short space of 4 months, is the second one he has or- ganized, built and successfully conduct- ed. He is himself a native of the“Okl City by the Sea” and came to Green- ville 20 odd years ago. In the war he was 4 years in the Hampton Legion. He is connected with many of the most im- portant undertakings in the county. Is a director in the Reedy River Mill, in the Greenville Cotton Seed Oil Mill, and Ice Company, etc. One of our most en- terprising and go-ahead men, he is the pioneer of the first and as yet only plaid mill in South Carolina. He is a member of the Baptist Church. We are more than gratified in noticing the success of this enterprise, and recog- nizing in its future an extension in its operations and increase in its transac- tions, we are assured it will long con- tinue to remain one of the leading con- cerns in this favored city, and express 78 City of Greenville, the hope it may be likewise always pion- eered by its able manager. ABELL & MORGAN, Boots and Shoes, Main Street. The use of boots and shoes as clothing for the feet is only one result of an ad- vanced civilization. While the fashions of the present day are by many regarded as superfluous, it is interesting to note that during the middle ages the fashions of shoes became so extravagant and eccen- tric that sumptuary laws were passed in the vain hope of checking ' unnecessary display and wasteful expenditure. This line must be considered one of the most significant branches in making up the business of the State, and in this connection the house of Abell & Mor- gan may well lay claim to being one of the leading in the trade in upper South Carolina. The premises occupied are centrally located on Main Street, and the store consists or two floors, 25x90 feet in ex- tent. The upper one is used for the storage of surplus stock. The street floor is occupied for immediate custom. They carry a stock from $10,000 to $15,000 in value. Here will be found a full line of all varieties and styles of gents’, ladies’ and childrens’ boots, shoes, slifjpers, etc., hand and machine made, in sizes suitable for all wearers, from the finest ladies’ dancing slippers to the heaviest plantation shoes. Goods are procured direct from the factory and retailed at reasonable prices, and the latest novelties in fine shoes are obtained as soon as issued by the makers. Messrs. Abell & Morgan also deal con- siderably in musical instruments, and in this line are a branch of the well known house of Ludden & Bates, whose goods require no praise. They represent eleven manufacturers, and keep constantly on hand 4 to 5 pianos and 10 to 12 organs. Two competent hands assist the proprie- tors in attending to the many customers who patronize this establishment. The individual members of the firm, Mr. A. P. Abell and Mr. B. S. Mor- gan, are recognized among our county's most respected and useful citizens. The first is a native of Charlottesville, Ya. , and was for many years identified with banking there. He moved to Savannah in 1872, and carried on a lucrative cot- ton business till he came to Greenville in Septembe r. 1878. He is an influen- tial Mason, Past Commander of the K. T. His partner and son-in-law was born in Marion county, now West Vir- ginia, and was in Charlottesville Assist- ant Secretary of the Albemarle Insur- ance Company, and engaged in banking, being also Treasurer of the city. He removed to Savannah, and was partner with Mr. Abell three years, coming here in 187.8. He is a prominent member of the Knights of the Golden Rule. K. T., and Past Senior Warden in the Com- mandery. He is one of the officers of the Greenville Baptist Sunday School, one of the largest in the South. In the war he was in the Seventh Louisiana at first Manassas, and later with the Fifth Virginia, first adjutant, and later, captain of a squadron. He was wounded in the leg lltli May, 1864, and also on 12th July, near Lee's Mill, while on outpost duty; was hit several times and had three horses shot under him. In conclusion, we may say, these gen- tlemen established business here in ISIS, and by the liberal policy they have shown in the conduct of their affairs, the ampli- tude of their facilities and the nice dis- crimination exercised by them in suiting their custom, have made their house one of the first of its contemporaries, com- manding the respect and support of the community at large. CAPT. J. W. CAGLE, Greenville Planing Mill. Among the important enterprises of Greenville which add greatly to the sig- nificance of this centre, as a source of manufacture and supply, the above is deserving of special mention. The mill was established in 1876; a year later was burnt to the ground, but was imme- diately re-erected by its energetic owner. It has from the word go continued to prosper, till it now ranks one of the largest in its line in the up-country. Goods are shipped all over this and into the territory of Anderson, Abbeville, Oconee, Pickens, Laurens and Union, and have gained a standard reputation wherever sold. The mill is located in 79 [State of South Carolina. Greenville on the banks of the Reedy River. The main building, 60x90 feet in extent, is fully equipped with the latest and best machinery, an engine of twenty horse power being used for driv- ing the multiplicity of turning lathes, saws, planers, borers, etc., etc. The sash, doors, blinds and general building material turned out from the mill are of fine finish and quality, and the best proof of this fact is the constantly increasing demand. Twenty competent hands are employed in the work, the proprietor himself, who is in constant supervision of the whole, being a practical mill- wright by trade. Mr. Cagle is largely engaged as a builder and contractor, and has erected many of the buildings of prominence that have been put up in this town in the last ten years. The superior look of the streets of Greenville and the substantiality of the houses and stores, and generally beautiful aspect of the town are noticed by every stranger, and sufficient proof of his ability and enterprise in this direction. Mr. Cagle is a native of North Carolina; has resided in this State since 1854. His capacity for conducting large undertak- ings has added much to the progress of the city. In the late war, as captain of the Butler Guards, 2d South Carolina Regiment, he did gallant service for the great cause, and was severely wounded at the battle of Gettysburg. He takes a great interest in military organizations, and is active in furthering all measures advanced for the welfare of the com- munity. WELLS & ORR. Lawyers. Capt. G. G. Wells, who has been a prominent feature at the South Carolina bar for many years, was born in Green- ville, South Carolina, was raised there and graduated from the State Military Academy in 1862, at the head of his class, and was then appointed Professor of Belles Lettres and French in that in- stitution. He had been before Profes- sor of Mathematics at Hillsboro’ Acad- emy. He took an active part in the war, while a Cadet, as drill master, and as a captain of a battalion of State Ca- dets, serving in North Carolina, and on the coast. At the return of peace he commenced and diligently pursued the study of law in the office of Col. C. J. j Elford, and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court in the spring of 1867. He immediately commenced practice, and continued as a member of the firm of Easley & Wells till 1872, succeeded by Cothran & Wells, and that in 1874 by Earle & Wells, which lasted till 1880, since when the firm has been Wells & Orr. A deeply and thoroughly read law- yer, a man on whose shoulders work rests lightly, of varied experience and attentive to his clients interests, Capt. Wells has naturally met with great suc- cess in his profession, and with one of the largest practices in upper South Carolina to-day, lie takes a conspicuous place among the leading members of the bar in this State. He has conducted successfully many important civil cases in all the courts of the State, among which perhaps that of Sullivan vs. Thomas, one of his earlier ones that brought him into eminent notice is worthy of more special mention. It was a leading case and de- cided the appelate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in cases at law and in chancery. Apart from immediate busi- ness Capt. Wells takes great interest in all that pertains to the interest of his native place, and was Aldermen of the city in 1876. Being a man of culture and extended knowledge, he takes a great interest in education, and has for many years been a trustee of Furman University. He is ever active in assist- ing all measures advanced for the public welfare and prosperity, and well merit- ing the high professional standing he holds, is also a weighty and esteemed member of social circles. Jas. Lawrence Orr, a distinguished member of the South Carolina bar, was born in Abbeville county, 29 August, 1852, and raised in Anderson, of which county his family had long been resi- dents. He was educated at King's Mountain Military School, from where he graduated in 1869, and later at the University of Virginia, graduating here in the profes- sional sciences in 1872. He further pursued the study of law with Judge Omr of Greenville, 80 McGowan and Judge Reed, and was ad- mitted to the bar in November, 1873. He practised law 7 years in Anderson, first as a member of the firm Reed & Orr, later as Orr & Tribble, and in 1880 re- moved to Greenville, where he lias since been in partnership with Capt. G. G. Wells. Col. Orr has been singularly successful in his profession. Endowed with fine natural gifts of large and va- ried attainments, well read in his profes- sion, conscientious and painstaking coun- sellor, an able and forcible advocate, he has always enjoyed a wide,. varied and lucrative practice, now one of the larg- est in the up-country. He has conduct- ed many of the most important cases that have come up for solution at the bar, among which that of Pelzer, Rodgers & Co. vs. Mrs. Campbell in 1878, was per- haps the most memorable, it was the case that settled the rights of women’s separate property in the State. He is also admitted to the Supreme Court of the United States, and the firm are at- torneys for the Atlanta & Charlotte Air Line R. R. . and the C. &. G. He is at present Solicitor of the 8th Judicial Cir- cuit, embracing Greenville, Anderson, Abbeville. Oconee and Pickens counties, to which place he was appointed in 1881, and has continued to discharge the du- ties of the post with great credit to him- self and the entire satisfaction of the public, the bench and the bar. Col. Orr is also a prominent politician. Was elected to the Legislature from Ander- son county in 1874, and again in 1876, and in the House took an active and leading part in the furtherance of all measures advanced for the public wel- fare. He was also appointed on Hamp- ton's staff in those troubulous times. 1 n 1872 he was assistant Secretary of Lega- tion to Russia, his father, who was Gov- ernor of South Carolina immediately af- ter the war, being at that time United State Minister at St. Petersburg. Col. Orr stands well and is much respected among his colleagues. He is a Master Mason, Hiram Lodge, and also belongs to the K. of H., is a weighty factor in the counsels that di- rect South Carolina’s prosperity, and an important magnate in the advancing in- telligence and increasing progress of the Piedmont country. FURMAN UNIVERSITY Is located in the City’’ of Greenville. The building, though not extensive, is of beautiful design and occupies the summit of a wooded height on the wes- j tern side of the Reedy River. This modest little stream divides the place into East Greenville and West Green- ville, and after fertilizing a beautiful meadow, runs to a rapid descent, and is made to help turn the machinery of fac- tories of different kinds. The outlook from the second and third stories, and especially that from the tower is exceedingly fine, no one with any sense of the beautiful can sur- vey it without delight. We have said that the building is not extensive, but it is sufficiently so for the purpose for which it was erected. This embraces space for recitations and lec- tures, for library and apparatus, for society rooms and chapel. Besides the halls and stair-ways there are fifteen rooms devoted to these particular uses, and this suggests THE THEORY UK WHICH THE INSTITU- TION WAS FOUNDED. This theory assumed that the prevail- ing methods of herding young men to- gether in college dormitories and at col- lege boarding tables was unspeakably dan- gerous. It was placing human beings at the most susceptible period of life into a state of intense temptation, and without the safeguards and restraints which the author of our nature intended we should have in the influence of the family and the home. Even grown men find it exceed- ingly easy to degenerate in camp life. Cowled monks, with the vows of celibacy upon them, are less pure than they would have been in the more normal condition. And then every bold, bad youth is by proximity and the esprit de corps placed in a position to exert the most potent and wide-spread influ- ence on his fellows. It is easier for him to gain access to others; his followers are more consolidated and their influence is easily added to his own; and thus the shy and modest youth who would rather be discreet and moral is swept from his integrity by influence which would not have reached him in his home. But as every family cannot have a college near State of South Carolina. 8i its home, the next best tiling is to have the college arranged for the dwelling of its pnpils, where the best substitute for their homes can he found. The stu- dents boarding in small numbers, in sep- arate families, get to feel that they are for the time being in some sort identified with those families, and find in this re- lation a powerful incentive to virtuous living and to the formation of orderly habits and good manners. An experiment its inception the institution embraced three departments: the Academic, the | Collegiate and the Theological; and it was in contemplation to establish a law department and perhaps one of medicine. Hence the comprehensive title conferred in the charter. The first interference with the carrying out of this original de- : sign grew out of the occasion of a felt ! necessity for establishing a Baptist i Theological Seminary for the South. To meet this exigency, the South Carolina Baptists proposed to give up the Theo- logical department of the University, that it might become the nucleus of a Theological Seminary for the Southern States, this proposal was acceded to, and thus one important limit of Fur- man University was lost. The law de- partment was about to go into operation when the war occured, and thus this de- sign was defeated. Of what endow- ment had been gathered, a good part perished in the destruction of bank and bridge stocks and of private persons, some of the wealthiest patrons before the war having become the poorest of our people. It was a task of great diffi- culty to keep the institution afloat. This was done only by great personal sacrifi- ces of some of the instructors, by con- tenting themselves with very small corn- extending over more than a quarter of a century has justfied the wisdom of this rudimental idea. No thirty years of any collegiate institution, anywhere, will furnish a better record of good con- duct than has been furnished in the his- tory of Furman University. There has never been any variance between the students and the people of the town, the coming of students has always been wel- comed by the citizens, and their depart- nre at vacation season is always a matter of regret, and the last session, like others that have preceded it, passed away_ with- out a single case of disorder sufficiently serious to require the notice of the Fae- nlty. THE TITLE OF UNIVERSITY, fixed by the act of incorporation, prom- ises more than the inquirer realizes. In City op Greenville, pensation, and pushing plans for its maintenance for a few years at a time. To them the thought of the loss of our young men was not to be endured. It was Worse than the loss of pro- perty. Vacations were spent in solicit- ing aid, until the Way seemed to he opened for an attempt at permanent en- dowment. This attempt was made and more than $200,000 in individual bonds were obtained, conditioned on the Uni- versity’s giving free tuition for ten years. The bonds matured however at the time of the great financial panic in 1876. Some of the donors of bonds had become bankrupt. The agency work had in some instances been blunderingly per- formed. Good men alleged that they had not understood the terms of the ob- ligations they had assumed, and they blamed the agents. One party, well able to pay his bond raised the question of the validity of the bonds and refused to pay unless compelled by law; and when he was cast in court, some good brethren took it for granted that the Board of Trustees were about to employ legal force to compel instant payment by all who had given bonds. Representations to this effect produced such a disagree- able impression on the public mind that the way was prepared for a resolution adopted by the Baptist Convention, (the body which appoints the Board of Trust- ees) which virtually pronounced the bonds not collectable. This virtually stripped the University of its endow- ment except a few thousand dollars which had been paid in on the bonds. The ten years’ free tuition, under the circumstances could not be carried out. Charge for tuition became necessary as means of providing income. Dr. Charles Manly was called to the presidency of the University in August, 1881, and since that time the expenses have been met in part from the tuition fees and an income of about $2,000 a year from invested funds, and in part from voluntary contributions from the churches. There has been an average attendance of about 80 students, nearly one-tliird of whom have been pursuing studies with reference to the ministry, and add noth- ing to the income of the University. Recognizing the imperative necessity for increase of the permanent endow- ment, a movement to this end has been begun under the direction of the Board of Trustees, by which it is proposed to add as speedily as possible not less than $50,000 to the endowment now existing. AX ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT Is provided in which students are pre- pared to enter regular college classes, or may review studies in which they are found to be deficient. The success of this department has shown the wisdom of establishing it. The present Faculty are: Charles Manly, D. D., President — English Language and Literature. James C. Furman, D. D. — Intellec- tual and Moral Philosophy and Logic. C. II. Judson, LL. D. — Mathematics and Mechanical Philosophy. H. T. Cook, A. B. — Ancient Lan- guages. G. D. Purinton, A. M. — Physics and Chemistry. Walter W. Brown, A. M. — Principal Academic Department, R. E. Gaines, A. B. — Assistant, THE ANNUAL SESSION Begins the third Wednesday in Sep- tember, at 10 o'clock A. M., when it is important that every student shall be promptly present. The Session closes the third Wednesday in June. TWO LITERARY SOCIETIES, The Philosoph ian and the A delphian, hold weekly meetings in their respective halls, and are important aids to literary and general culture. EXPENSES. The session is divided into two terms, the second begining the first day of Feb- ruary. All charges are to be paid in ad- vance, for each term, as follows: ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. English course $20 00 Full classical course 25 00 Incidental fee 2 50 COLLEGE DEPARTMENT. Tuition, three schools ... $30 00 Each additional sc.iool 5 00 Incidental fee 5 00 State of South Carolina. 83 Board per month, including fuel and lights, §10.00 to $16.00. Society fees and books about $15.00. For catalogue, or further particulars, address H. T. Cook, Secretary of Faculty. Charles Manly, D. D., President and Professor . of English Language and literature, Son of Dr. Basil and Sarah M. Manly, was born in Charleston, S. C., 28th May, 1837. He was prepared for col- lege at Tuscaloosa, Ala., in the school of R. Furman, and graduated from the University of Alabama 11th July, 1855; licensed to preach by the Tuscaloosa Baptist Church 2d October, 1855; grad- uated from Princeton Theological Semi- nary-, N. J., 29th April, 1859, and was ordained pastor of the church in Tusca- loosa on the 19th June following. He continued in this field of labor until called to the church at Murfreesborough, Tenn., 24th September, 1871, whence he removed to Staunton, Ya., as pastor of the church there, 12th October. 1873. Dr. Manly was connected either as pro- fessor or president, from 1860 to 1873, with the Alabama Female College, and as president with Union University, Murfreesborough, from September, 1871, to September, 1873. The degree of A. M. was conferred upon him by the Univer- sity of Alabama in 1859, and the degree of D. D. by the William Jewell College in 1872. Dr. Manly has contributed frequently to the Religious Herald. In his pastoral labors he has been very suc- cessful and is a polished and vigorous preacher. He came to Greenville in 1880, was pastor of the church here till elected president of the University two years ago. J. C. Furman, D. D., Professor of Logic and Moral Phil- osophy, Was born in Charleston, S. C., 5th De- cember, 1809. He was educated at Charleston College. In 1828 he was baptized by Dr. Manly. He then en- tered the ministry and rendered efficient service in the great revivals in Edgefield, Beaufort and Robertsville. For several years he was pastor at Society Hill,, one of the most refined communities in the State. At the earnest request of the second church in Charleston he accepted a call as its pastor, but as the church at Society Hill resolved to renew their call annually he felt it his duty to return to them. In 1843 he entered upon a pro- fessorship in Furman Theological Insti- tution. In concert with Professors Mims and Edwards he elaborated a plan for a broader system of education, which resulted in the establishment of the Furman University, of which he was long president. He was many years Moderator of the Baptist State Conven- tion. During his whole connection with the University he has never neglected the ministry. He was pastor of the Greenville church two years and at another for three and a half. He is a son of Dr. Richard Furman of Revolu- tionary fame. He is a man of broad culture and fervent piety, and his life has been fruitful in good work and in- fluences. C. H. Judson, LL.D., Professor of Mathematics. Professor Judson was born in Monroe Township, Conn., 20th April, 1820. His early opportunities were limited to the common school. At eighteen his attention was powerfully turned to the subject of religion under the preaching of Rev. J. Robards. Some remarks of that minister called his attention to Locke’s “Essay on the Human Under- standing,” which he read with eager interest, which opened up before him a new field of thought. He then resolved to secure an education. He spent two years at Hamilton Literary and Theo- logical Institute. He taught three years in Virginia and spent two years in the University of Virginia, graduating in the five schools. He taught Dr. Har- rison’s family, and during ’46, ’7 and ’8 he was Principal of the Lisbon Insti- tute. He was then one year at War- rington. N. C.. and came to Greenville in 1851, when he was elected Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in Furman University, which post he held till the war broke out, when the University closed. During the war he 84 City of Greenville, was President of the Female College. In 1869 he was called to his old position in the University, which he still holds. In 1878 he resigned his position as Pres- ident of the Female College. The Professor is one of the most prominent Baptists of this State and the United States, and in his scientific relations he is known to the world. His papers have been copied into the leading scientific journals of the day. One of his latest “An Investigation of the Mathematical Relations between Zero and Infinity,” is noticed in full in the Analyst for 1881. He assisted in com- piling Wentworth’s Geometry, 1879, and he published and assisted in revising many other text books on Geometry. As a mathematician he has probably no superior in the South. He was elected Treasurer of the University in 1855, and for this position he is well suited, in virtue of his methodical habits and great financial ability. He has been delegate to almost all the State and Na- tional Baptist Conventions in recent years — Charleston, Savannah, Balti- more, St. Louis, etc. He was appointed Treasurer of the Baptist State Conven- tion in 1859, but resigned in 1881. Professor H. T. Cook Was born on the 23d April, 1848, at Mill Way, Abbeville county; was raised there and prepared for College under Mr. R. J. Robinson and Prof. E. L. Patton. He graduated from Furman University in 1873; taught in J. B. Patrick’s High School in Greenville till 1881, when he was elected to the chair of Ancient Languages at Furman Uni- versity. GREENVILLE FEMALE COL- LEGE. President, A. S. Townes. This educational institution is entitled to a prominent place in our pages, not only by reason of the high reputation it justly enjoys, but on account of its be- ing the largest female seminary in the State, its pupils numbering this year, 185 ; 120 of these are in the collegiate, the remainder in the primary and aca- demic departments. The college, which is one of the handsome edifices of Green- ville, is beautifully located in the pleasant- est portion of the city, in the centre of extensive grounds, which are at the full disposal of students for passiug their leisure hours in. On the basement of the house is a large dining room, a kitchen and store rooms; the first floor is devoted to the class rooms and Principal’s resi- dence, the second is entirely occupied by more spacious and airy school rooms, and the top floor is comfortably furnished for hoarders, who amount now to over 60 in number ; these also find part accommo- dation in the large and commodious resi- dence, recently purchased by the Presi- dent, adjacent to the college and joined to the main building by a covered porch. The course given to the students is of a high order, is most thorough, extensive and complete, and comprises the teach- ing of English in all its branches, par- ticular attention being paid to the study of the poets, German, French. Latin. Mathematics, Physical, Mental and Moral Science, Ancient and Modern History, etc. A scientific course in pen- manship is given by Prof. J. M. Perry, for which the extra charge is only 83 per term, and also calisthenics. The music pupils attend the Conservatory of Music, ([. v. Drawing and Painting is under the charge of the Lady Principal, and Ornamental and Fancy Work is taught at the rate of 25 to 50 cents per lesson. The societies of the college, the Judson, the Lula Whilden Missionary and the Girl's Temperance Union, over all of which the faculty exercise a judi- cious foresight, form important features in its work, and the College Mirror is published monthly by the Judson Socie- ty. For further information send for catalogue, mailed free to any address. history. In 1853 the Baptist State Convention of South Carolina appointed a commit- tee to take into consideration the subject of female education as a denomina- tional interest. At the ensuing meeting of the convention held in Greenville in 1854. the committee reported: urging the establishing of a ••Female College of high order,” and in order to secure a lib- eral education for young ladies, recom- mended that the ••standard of attain- ment he high,.” State of South Carolina 85 The names of such eminent educators as Duncan, Sams, Judson and others, and their connection with the College, form part of its long and honored his- tory. In 1878 Prof. C. H. Judson resigned, and was succeeded by the present incum- bent. The corps of instructors associated with him rank among the most expe- rienced in the State. President A. S. Townes, who is widely known as an em- inently successful teacher, and as a scholar of culture and thought, is a na- tive of Greenville, and received his edu- tion at Furman University, graduating from here in 1861. In the war he served 4 years with the Hampton Legion, and was present at Appomattox. His career as a teacher commenced with a private school. He later became tutor in the University, and afterwards was 18 months in Europe, at the Universities of Heidelberg and Leipzig, where he made a specialty of languages and philosophy. He was President, in turn, of the Female Colleges at Madison, Greensboro’ and Home, Ga., and in ’78, as above stated, became President of this institution. Greenville has made quite an acquisition in him. When he came to the school, owing to the limited time which his pre- decessor could devote to its interests, it was in a rather low condition, but under his untiring efforts and close attention, has made steady progress, over 60 pupils having been added to its call-roll since his incumbency. With such a staff of teachers and the care exercised over the establishment by the Principal and his wife, the school affords a most efficient course of education for its pupils, who coming from the best families of South Carolina and other States, form a pleas- ant and exemplary chaste society wherein to develope and instruct the daughters of our land. The staff of teachers include Miss May C. Judson, sister of Prof. C. H. Judson, one of the most gifted and highly accomplished ladies of the South. Many other institutions North and West have invited her, at large salary, but she remains attached to Greenville. Miss C. D. Dawson, a Charleston lady, formerly with the Normal School, has been long connected with the College, is teacher of French and other branches, and has a reputation second to none. Miss F. G. Bibb, governess of boarding depart- ment, is a Virginia lady, happily consti- tuted for that responsible post, deserves and receives the enthusiastic admiration of all her pupils. Others, though younger, are admirably suited for their separate departments. In addition to his co-laborers just al- luded to, the President has the pleasure of announcing the accession to the Fac- ulty of Miss Susie C. Hamner, late As- sociate Principal of Richmond Female Institute, Ya. Miss Hamner brings with her an experience of ten years of emi- nent success as a teacher. In the sum- mer of 1883 she traveled in Europe, hav- ing in her charge several young ladies, her former pupils. GREENVILLE CONSERVA- TORY OF MUSIC. Among the recent additions to the educational system of South Carolina, the above institution is worthy of special mention, as it affords means for attain- ing a degree of training in this study not duplicated by any other in the State, and not surpassed by any in the Union. The building, a large three- story one, 54x43 feet in dimensions, with an extension of 25 feet, took two years to erect, being completed this fall. It is located on College Street, in a pleasant part of the city, and contains 22 airy and spacious rooms. The outer walls of the building are built with a view to prevent the dampness from with- out penetrating to the interior; every precaution is given for exit is case of fire; a second staircase leads outward in the rear, and the house having been built with the intention of making it healthful and comfortable, no pains have been spared in adding all the most modern architectural and sanitary im- provements, including bath-rooms and their accompaniments. The building is evenly heated by a steam-heater in the basement, and water and gas are supplied throughout the whole. On the first floor are located residence and music rooms; the second is entirely taken up by class-rooms, and the top floor is occu- pied by the comfortable dormitories for boarders. Seven pianos, selected from the I best makers in the country, two organs 86 City of Greenville, and other instruments are used. The school is a distinct non-sectarian insti- tution. A most thorough course in all the branches of musical science is given; the method used in the school is simpli- fied, systematic and easy; pupils are taught reading and writing of music. In reading, seven clefts are introduced for transposition; intervals are written in columns, then recited; major and minor scales are written, and questions thereon afterwards put; all tne chords are writ- ten in the different positions and inver- sions, then examination thereon. This is taught more systematically and thor- oughly than elsewhere; gives the pupil an intimate knowledge of thorough-bass and to read at first sight. An incident at the late Commencement will be enough to explain the excellence of Prof. DeCamp’s method. In the programme it had been arranged for three pupils to play a piece; the young lady appointed to play in the middle of the other two performers not arriving in time, one of the advanced scholars was chosen to fill the vacancy, and though not having even known the name of the jiiece be- forehand, by scanning the notes a few times she was enabled to perform, and played through the whole with marked expression and sans faute. Certificates of proficiency and diplo- mas, are granted to pupils who have reached the high standard of excellence required of them. One of the graduates. Miss Leda C. Kennedy, took the first prize at the Orlings Institute in Vir- ginia, after receiving the diploma. She is now teaching piano and rudiments of music in the Greenville Conservatoire. Terms begin in February and Septem- ber, each continuing 20 weeks. Special pupils will be received for J uly. There are over 70 scholars attending at pres- ent, most of whom are connected with the Female Academy, and several young men are also students. Prof. M. G. De- Camps, the originator, director and owner of this establishment, which forms such an important adjunct to the Moun- tain City, is a native of Belgium, and has been a close student of the science and practice of music from his earliest days. He came to the United States in 1860, and was before and during the war in Lebanon, Pa. In 1867 he re- turned to Brussels and took a full course of private lessons under the learned professors of the celebrated Conservatoire of that city, from which he graduated and returned to America, and has been since identi- fied with the educational system of Greenville. We need hardly say, the ; Professor is thoroughly at home in all branches of the science. He is ably assisted by his wife, professionally and otherwise, and gives the most care- ful attention to his pupils’ studies, ad- vancement in their exercises and the comfort and welfare of their boarders, who find this a pleasant home. Prof. DeCamps’ efforts have met with most gratifying success; the number of his pupils rapidly increases, and his Con- servatoire is an institution of which the State may well be as proud as the people of Greenville are of the Professor and his building, which, under the surveil- lance of his artistic eye, is regarded as the most tasteful and ornamental build- ing in the city. Prof. DeCamps is gratified that he has a piano he can recommend as being of a first-class order, and will keep tune as well as any instrument he ever used. It is made by I vers & Pond, of Boston. JULIUS C. SMITH, Insurance, Beal Estate, Auction- eer, Commission, Agricultural Implements, Etc., Court Square. The progress of a community depends, not so much upon the natural advantages and facilities she may be endowed with, as upon the character of her jieople. and prominent among those who have aided and abetted the social and material ad- vancement of this, the most prosperous City of the State, we note the above gen- tleman, who, though born in Charleston, has been long identified with the welfare of this section of South Carolina. His present business he started in 1867. since when he has, to meet the increase of his affairs, made various alterations in his premises. The building he now occupies, a spacious and airy brick one 524x60 feet, he erected, after being burned out. this year, fitting it in the most modern style and with all the conveniences for §ta$e of South Carolina. 87 carrying out his operations with expedi- tion. In the specific lines of business he follows he does an important trade, and collectively has, perhaps, a greater amount of transactions than any other single merchant in the up-country. The insurance business Mr. Smith commenced sixteen years ago with the Liverpool, London and Globe, the largest company in the world, and then took up in order the Home, of N. Y., the Niagara, of N. Y., the Phoenix, of Hartford, the Scot. Union and Nat., and lastly, the Equi- table Life, of N. Y., the largest life insurance company on the continent. In real estate, in auctioneering and in commission, he likewise has an extensive patronage, being thoroughly familiar with the details of these lines of business. Of fertilizers he handles over 800 tons annually, the old reliable W&ndo Guanos, and Acids, and German Kainit. Of agricultural implements he carries a comprehensive stock, valued at some $10,000, of the best machines manufac- tured, including Wood, Tabor & Morse’s, Waltertown & Book waiter steam engines, Wilks & Liddell’s saw mills, C. Aultman & Co’s, mowers and reapers, Cardwell & Hibner’s threshers, Brown & Deere’s and Climax walking and riding cultivators, Columbus and Cincinnati buggies, Cooke, Fish & Brown’s and Cortland wagons, and the famous Avery plows; Dow Law and Terry’s cotton planters, the Thomas smoothing and the Randall harrows, Pratt’s & Winship’s cotton gins, feeders and condensers, etc., etc. It is hardly necessary for us to state that the goods emanating from this establishment are unsurpassed, guaranteed and sold at factory jn’ices. Mr. Smith is likewise interested in many other undertakings in the county. In the war he was connected with the State Works in Greenville, is director in the Cotton Seed Oil Mill, the Camper- down Mills, etc. He is also a prominent man publicly, and has been often pressed to become a candidate for mayor and other positions, but always refused. He is a member of the K. of H., K. H. Mutual Aid and G. R., and of the Express Aid; is trustee of Furman Uni- versity, and of Southern Baptist Theo- logical Seminary, formerly of Greenville, now located at Louisville, Ky. A thor- ough business man in all his undertak- ings, he may well be classed as a bulwark of the solidity and standing of the Mountain City. ISAAC WEIL, London and Liverpool Clothing House, Mauldin Block. No other industry in the United States can be said to have made greater advances or more rapid improvements than that of ready-made clothing. From the cheap “slop-shops.” as they were popularly designated, of thirty-five years ago, which mainly supplied sailors and the very commonest classes the trade has not only increased, but may be said to have almost entirely superceded the old fashion of either having your suit made by a custom-tailor, or, when ex- pense was a consideration, having your wife, sister or mother attempt to make it at home. Very different is it n-ow-a- days; and when every country town and village is provided with its clothing store, Greenville naturally does not lack in this line its representatives, promi- nent among which we note the Great London Clothing House, located un- der Masonic Hall, in Mauldin Block, on Main Street. Mr. Weil originally started business on the opposite side of the street in 1877, and soon enjoyed such prosperity that he opened in 1883 his present premises, and continued to run the two stores till last spring, when he consolidated the whole business into one. The establishment, the largest in town, occupies three spacious floors, 30x100 feet in extent, all u r ell arranged and adapted, with every facility and con- venience for the business. The stock, averaging some $20,000 in value, is neatly and tastefully displayed on the many tables and shelves, giving intend- ing purchasers every opportunity and indulgence in examining the abundant variety and selecting something suitable. The goods comprise a complete assort- ment of gents’, youths’, boys’ and chil- dren’s clothing, in the latest and most fashionable styles. The trade extends throughout this and the adjacent coun- ties, where the goods enjoy a reputation for uniform excellence that has led to a constantly increasing demand. Four 88 City of Greenville, competent and obliging hands are em- ployed in the store, and considerable jobbing trade is likewise done. Mr. Weil, the enterprising owner of this establishment, is a native of Balti- more, and came to Greenville in August, 1877, since when he has founded a “name as an energetic and experienced merchant, knowing when and how to buy at the lowest figures, and conse- quently attracts hordes of customers by the marvelous cheapness at which his goods are offered for sale. He is also a popular member of social circles; is a Mason and Noble Grand in the Odd-fel- lowship, and is a valuable addition to the welfare of the Mountain City, as his house tends to increase its importance as a source of supply. J. C. C. TURNER, Chairs and Furniture. After visiting the above establishment there can be little doubt left in the mind of the impartial stranger that Green- ville justly lays claim to possessing busi- ness houses superior to those of any other city in our State, and having but few equals in any locality in the South. The above firm founded in 18G9, having al- ways been under the sole management of its present owner, is certainly one of the leading in its line in South Carolina, and is one of those institutions which have mainly tended to advance our city to its present eminence. Mr. Turner has been at his present stand, centrally located on McBee Ave- nue, near corner Main Street, for some 4 years, and his store is well known to all who ever visit the city, and his name is a household word all over this State and in Georgia and North Carolina, where his goods are being daily called for. The premises here consist of a two- story building, 40xG0 feet in extent, and on the west side of the river he has a large two story warehouse, 60x100 feet. Everything is arranged with a full view to the expeditious handling of goods, and he enjoys all facilities for enabling orders to be filled with promptness and dispatch. The stock, valued at over $10,000, embraces all descriptions of household, office and hotel furniture, chamber suits, bureaus, washstands, tables, bedsteads and mattresses, cane and wood-seat chairs, and also a full line of black walnut and metallic coffins and caskets. Supplies are obtained direct from the leading manufacturers, and sold at prices not easily duplicated. Mr. Tur- ner is agent in three counties for Tise’s famous Well Fixture, superior to any other in existence and no one who has ever seen it hesitates for a moment to at once procure an article which has proven such a universally beneficial invention and preventive of the accidents that too often happen where children play around our wells. Four competent employees are required in attending to the various duties of the house. The proprietor is a native of Spartan- burg. and came to this county in 1852. lie was engaged in mercantile business two years, and later learned the trade of and was many years a carriage trimmer. He also owns one of the prettiest farms in the county, within a mile of the incorpo- ! ration, over 100 acres in extent, worth over $G,000. He employs some six hands and grows good cotton, wheat, oats, veg- etables and fruit, fie is one of our in- fluential and respected citizens, as his house is one of the most solid and relia- ble in the community. DANTZLER & MACKEY, Furniture and Coffins, Main Street. It is peculiarly a pleasure to us. when we have to write of those enterprises which have lately been established, as nothing conduces so much to the ad- vancement and prosperity of a locality as the formation of new concerns, not only for the good they perform, but as serving by their success an example of the claims of the community as an im- proving market for increasing supply. In keeping with these remarks, we will speak of the house of Dantzler & State of South Carolina. 89 Mackey, which was founded hy these enterprising gentlemen in the fall of last year. The premises occupied, cen- trally located on Beattie’s corner, corner of Main Street and McBee Avenue, com- prise three floors, each 25x90 feet in extent, including basement, main store and workshop up-stairs, neatly and well arranged, with the view of carrying on business with expedition. The stock, valued at some $4,000, embraces every description of furniture, from the most elaborate drawing-room and chamber suits to the cheapest class of kitchen or garden tables and chairs. Also a full line of window shades, chromos, wooden and metallic coffins and caskets, from the best makers, and, in fact, everything that goes to make up the stock of a first class furniture establishment. They likewise manufacture a large supply of mattresses. The trade which is exten- sive and rapidly increasing, spreads throughout Greenville county and gen- erally over upper South Carolina and North Georgia, where their goods have made an envied reputation. The individual members of the firm, Mr. George L. Dantzler and James F. Mackey, are among the city's go-ahead business men and useful citizens. The first is a native of Abbeville, but has re- sided six years in this county ; he was formerly the confidential clerk of Col. Wm. Beattie, deceased, the well known dry goods merchant of this town ; he is a Mason, R. A. Chapter Bascomb, No. 80. The latter was horn in Columbia, S. C., has lived in Greenville since 1862. He was formerly with J. C. C. Turner, and attends more particularly to the me- chanical part of the business, being an expert workman ; he is a member of the city fire department. In conclusion, we may say to our readers at home and at a distance that as this house has deter- mined to increase the already established reputation of their goods, it would be to the advantage of those who are not already patrons, to investigate the above facts by placing themselves in communi- cation with a firm whose goods give uni- versal satisfaction, before sending orders elsewhere. FINLAY BROTHERS, Grocers. Among the various extensive and growing commercial industries of this city which exercise an important influ- ence on our general trade and bear the marks of continued increase and pros- perity, none occupies a more useful and significant station than the grocery trade. Engaged in this department of commerce, we find the well known house of Finlay Brothers, which was founded in January, 1881, and from its inception has steadily augmented its transactions which ramify all over this county and somewhat into the adjacent territory. The premises occupied consist of a three story building, 26x80 feet in extent, lo- cated on the corner of Main and Coffee Streets in the central portion of the city convenient for supplying their many cus- tomers in delivering to whom two wagons are kept constantly employed. The store well arranged for the handling of large quantities of goods, affords ample storage for the stock, which runs, according to season, from $6,000 to $10,000 in value. This embraces the choicest teas and coffees, standard N. O. sugars, syrups and molasses, fresh and salt provisions, leading brands of flour, all varieties of canned goods and table delicacies, and a full line of foreign and domestic fruits and pickles, and a large supply of general country produce fresh from the farm, and in fact every thing used in the cuisine of the millionaire, or on the table of the peasant. None hut 90 City of Greenville, the best goods are sold and every pack- age is guaranteed as to weight and qual- ity, orders being delivered inside the corporation if desired. Three experi- enced hands are employed. The mem- bers of this flourishing house — Messrs. Alexander and James Finlay, are natives of Scotland, and came to the United States in 1871. They are recognized among our wide-awake business men and valuable citizens. They are both Free Masons, conversant with every detail of business and the wants of customers; they conduct their affairs on those prin- ciples of liberality and integrity which places their house among the pillars of Greenville’s commercial solidity and fac- tors in her advancement. NATIONAL BANK. Hamlin Beattie, Ppesident. In reviewing the commerce and indus- tries of South Carolina, we are devoting no inconsiderable attention to her mone- tary institutions, believing that upon their soundness depends in a great meas- ure the success and prosperity of the whole. The National Bank of Greenville was established in 1872 and has had a success- ful career. Its capital is $100,000 Authorized capital 200,000 Surplus 20,000 Average deposits 150,000 a statement which shows its standing and stability. The shares, $100 par, are selling at $130. The building is a substantial and hand- some brick one, 26x100 feet in extent, located on Main Street in the centre of the town. The office is well fitted up and nicely furnished, as are also the President's and Directors’ rooms. The vault, a large brick one, incloses one of Hall’s burglar proof chests, provided with the latest triumph of American genius, the time-lock. The institution, since its commencement, has been man- aged by Hamlin Beattie, as President, who is at present assisted by W. E. Beattie, cashier, a book-keeper, teller and collector. The Boar d of Directors includes names prominent in the com- mercial and manufacturing circles of the State. Mr, Beattie is a native of Green- ville, having been born here in 1835. He graduated from Princeton College in 1856 and read law with B. F. Perry, being admitted to the bar in 1857. Having more of a financial turn of mind, he has not devoted particular attention to the practice of the profession in which he had fitly qualified himself and has been engaged in many large mercantile undertakings. He has guarded with scrupulous care the funds placed in the care of his bank, and the prosperity which lias attended this institution indi- cates not only his fitness, but that he duly appreciates the responsibility of the trust reposed in him. He is, among other things. President of the Camper- down Mills. IIi> son, IV. E. Beattie, was born in Greenville and graduated from Princeton College in June, 1882, and since October of the same year has performed the duties of cashier. F. W. POE & CO., Clothing, Shoes, Hats, etc. I util about the year 1865, the sale of ready made cloth- ing was confined to' a very small volume; the goods handled were made of poor, material, badly cut. and in style and fin- ish bore nocompar- ison to the class of goods displayed in the well conducted _ establishments of the present day. They were intended to supply the demands of an uncritical trade, and were made to sell rather than to wear. To-day all is changed, and the finest productions of the merchant tailor are duplicated by the retail dealer in ready-made clothing. In this connec- tion a few facts gleaned concerning a leading house of upper South Carolina — F. W. Poe & Co., of Greenville, cannot fail to be of general interest. The busi- ness may be said to have started eleven years ago. In ’79 Mr. Poe removed to this city founding a house which to-dav adds as much to the importance of Greenville as a centre of supply as anv other mercantile institution in our midst, State of South Carolina. 91 The premises located on the corner of Main Street and McBee Avenue, are most substantial outside and attractive inside. They cover one boor and base- ment cadi '10x80 feet in extent, the latter, to meet the requirements of trade, more e.-psoially in the shoe depart- ment, having been added in the spring of %4. The stock averaging some $15- 000, is complete. An inspection of the clothing reveals the fact, that the goods shown are largely made from the finest productions of American and Foreign | woolen mills, by skilled designers and ; workmen, and that the higher priced goods are made up in every particular with the same skill, care and attention, which are bestowed upon similar goods by merchant tailors made to order. The range of sizes are designed to fit all va- rieties of the human form while the grades of style and quality are sufficient to meet the demands of the most exact- ing. In gents, ladies'" and children’s boots and shoes, the supply is similarly full, embracing the latest hand and ma- chine made goods of the best makers, in sizes to fit all wearers, and qualities to suit all pockets. In the line of men’s and boys’ hats and caps, and gent’s fur- nishing goods, the newest ISTew York and London styles are kept at prices which invite the attention of customers. Par- ties wishing suits made to order can also be accommodated, as the firm employ a first class New York establishment for this branch of business. Three expe- rienced hands are constantly busy in the store, attending to the wants of the many i customers who patronize the house from 1 every quarter of the State, and who 1 know where the best value for the money i can be obtained, and a large jobbing e trade is likewise done over the same r territory. a The individual owners of this estab- lishment, Messrs. F. W. Poe and Jesse i R. Smith, Jr., are recognized among our - enterprising and reliable merchants. The )t first was born in Montgomery, Ala. , and - has resided in this State since he was ;n three years old; the second is a native of to Anderson county and came here in ’79. it They are also Tiseful members in social f life and in devoting their best energies av to the business, we feel at liberty to say it. that all who effect relations with the house will derive advantages not readily duplicated elsewhere. Mr. F. TV. Poe represents in South Carolina the well known house of Ed- win Bates & Co., of New York, the largest suppliers of clothing to the South- ern market, and is always ready to at- tend to orders received from the trade with promptness. These goods require no comment at our hands, their uniform excellency of manufacture and variety of style is well known and the reliability of the firm beyond dispute. F. A. WALTER, Druggist. In descanting on the many and varied resources of the city of Greenville, with the view of conveying to the outside world a knowledge of its importance, and of the men who contribute with their brains and capital in maintaining its prosperity, we are called upon to note the establishment of Dr. F. A. Walter, one of the leading drug stores of this section. The house was originally established in 1858 as Fischer & Heinitsh, who were in 1861 succeeded by the Doctor, who later went out of business, and for two years clerked to another house, and in 1878 opened on this corner. The building, one of the most attractive in town, is 24x90 feet in extent, situated on the corner of Wash- ington and Main Streets, in the centre of business activity. The stock of goods which have gained a standard reputation wherever they have been used, averages in value some $10,000 and contains a full line of domestic and imported drugs and chemicals of the best makers, French, German and English perfumery, fancy articles, toilet necessaries, and all the latest patent and proprietary medicines. To the compounding of physicians’ and family prescriptions careful attention is given, the assistants, like their master, being also trustworthy pharmacists. Everything in connection with this insti- tution is in fact first-class, and the estab- lishment is one which the city could not well do without. Dr. Walter himself is too well-known to require much personal comment. He was born in the State of New Jei’sey and entered the drug busi- ness in 1841, remaining many years in City of Greenville, §2 Niagara Falls, New York State. He graduated at the New York Pharmaceu- tical Board in 1853, and later went West some time. He came South in ’58 and has since been identified with the prosperity of the Mountain City. He is one of the moving spirits in the community, was an Alderman one term and is altogether a prominent society man, being a Mason, Odd Fellow and Knight of Honor, and likewise a leading member of the Epis- copal Church. A man of enterprise and of long experience, his success is but a natural consequence of the application of these qualities, as his high standing is the outcome of fair dealing, liberal mindedness and a courteous bearing towards all whom he may come in con- tact with. JAEVSES M. DICKSON, Dry and Fancy Goods, Etc., Main Street. Among the wide-awake men of this enterprising city, we note the above, who is well and favorably known to the resi- dents of Greenville. The establishment which he conducts, centrally located in Hahn’s Block on Main Street, occupies a spacious floor 25x80 feet in dimensions. The stock, one of the most varied and complete in town, has a representative value of $8,000 and includes a full assort- ment of finest French silks, fancy and dress goods, all kinds of notions, white goods, yarns, sheetings, hosiery, etc., American and imported carpets, shoes, trunks and valises, etc. These goods are what they are represented to be and retailed at uniform prices, thirty-six inches always being given to the yard. For cash . payments Mr. Dickson makes special inducements, giving one dollar's worth free in goods to anyone spending $20 in the store and his card arrange- ment makes it not necessary to spend more than five cents at one time. His goods are well displayed in the show cases, shelves and counters, giving callers every opportunity for examining to make a selection and the whole is arranged so as to give the store a showy and pleasant aspect. He employs three | competent hands and also does some jobbing trade to the smaller stores j throughout the county. Mr. James M. I Dickson, who is agent for Mrs. E. C. Potter, the owner of the establishment, is a native of Greenville and besides fills in business circles a prominent position. He has been three years Financial Ke- porter for the Knights of Honor, and is an active society man. S. M. SNIDER, Watchmaker and Jeweler. Among the skilled practical watch- makers and jewelers in Upper South Carolina, Mr. S. M. Snider, of Green- ville, is worthy of special mention, both on account of the superiority of the goods kept and the care and promptness dis- played in repairing all work submitted to him. He established business in 1874 as McKellion & Snider, and since 1880 has continued alone, steadily augmenting his custom, which is large and extends all over this and the adjoining counties. This store, 24x100 feet in extent, is cer- trally located on Main Street and is a really beautiful and attractive one. the stock averaging some $7,000 in value, being nicely arranged and elegantly dis- played in the various handsome show cases, giving intending purchasers every opportunity for making a selection. They will find here as good an assort- ment of fine watches — the famous Elgin State of South Carolina. time-keeper, unequalled in the market, being made a specialty of — all grades of diamonds, rich and choice jewelry as is offered for their admiration in this State. Two competent and polite hands are attentive to the wants of the many patrons. Mr. Snider, the proprietor of this prosperous establishment, is a native of Georgia, and came to this State in 1870, and has gained the reputation of S being a reliable dealer and trustworthy mechanic, experienced in all branches of the business. He is an influential Royal Arch Mason, Recovery Lodge, and is universally regarded as a useful citizen, and those who have once traded with him never fail to return where they soon learn that for quality and lowness of price his goods are unequalled in this county. SHUMATE, CRADY & NICHOLS, Contractors and Builders, Sasii, Doors, Blinds, Mantels, etc. The increasing importance of the lumber trade in all its . branches leads to a more than ordinary interest in those concerns identified with this factor of our manufacturing industries and re- sources. Attention is properly directed to those firms to whose energy and en- terprise may be ascribed the vitality that has characterised this business. The house of Shumate, Grady & Nichols may rightly be assigned a first place among such concerns on account of its exten- sive operations, and its excellent pro- ducts. The firm was founded on 1st January, ’83, as Shumate & Grady, and on 1st May of the same year Mr. Ni- chols became a partner. Their trade from the commencement has steadily ad- vanced, their goods are in increasing daily demand, in Georgia, North Carolina and this State, along the lines that centre in Greenville. The works of the house are located at the Air Line Depot, conven- ient for receiving and shipping large quantities of goods, and cover about three acres of ground. The buildings on the premises were entirely destroyed by fire on the 27th July, ’83, were unin- sured and a total loss to the owners of $ 10 , 000 . 93 Greenville however, realized the fact that she must have such a sash and blind factory continued, and that there could be no better men at the head of it than • these gentlemen. A voluntary loan was made On small interest and long time, by several citizens, which enabled the loosers to at once re-erect the fac- tory and continue the business. Appreciating this kindness, they have worked witli a will, and now are running on their own base with all debts cleared. The main building of brick, is 60x75, feet in extent, is provided with the latest and most improved machinery for plan- ing, moulding, sawing, joining, etc., a large and powerful universal wood-work- er forming one of the most important machines in use. Their drying kiln worked by steam, has a capacity for 15, 000 feet, their engine, one of the best Watertown, is 30 and the boiler 40 horse- power. The factory turns out rough and dressed lumber, sash, doors, blinds, mouldings, scroll and turned work, and building material generally, which for neatness in design, smoothness of finish, exactness of fit, durability, strength, lightness and cheapness, have not their superior. Over 3,000,000 feet of lum- ber, mostly yellow pine from Georgia and Alabama, is consumed here yearly, and all wood is thoroughly seasoned be- fore used. They are also extensive build- ers and contractors, have, and are erect- ing many of the most important struc- tures in the up-country, and are prepared to contract and furnish estimates for a log cabin or a finished city with churches, theatres and mansions ad libitum, guar- anteeing the most economical, simplest, most tasteful, lasting plans. The indi- vidual members of this firm are natu- rally men of enterprise and experience. Capt. W. T. Shumate was born in Green- ville, raised on a farm, and was some time in the mercantile business. He was many years sheriff of the county, was depot agent of the Air Line, and was as- signee of all the bankrupt estates in the up-country. In the late war he joined the first mus- ter into the Confederate army in April, 1861. He did gallant work all through three years for the great cause in the 2d South Carolina Regiment; was present at the leading fights, including Freder- 9 4 City of GreenvILLE, icksburg, Malvern Hill; was disabled at ] Chicamauga. Elected sheriff while in the army he returned home and took this “ post, since when he has been a moving spirit in the welfare of the community, lie is also a prominent society man, a Mason, K. II. and K. of G. R., and also Treas. of the Building and Loan Associa- tion. Mr. W. S. Grady is a native of Green- ville; has been in the lumber business over 12 years, has always been a popular citizen of the town, and is first cousin of Henry Grady, of the Atlanta Constitu- tion. Mr. J. W. Nichols, the third partner, is a native of Maine, passed most of his time in Massachusetts, has been in the building line all his life, and in the war was engaged for his services in this direc- tion. Among the structures he has put up here, the Presbyterian Church and Pelzer Union Church points to his knowledge of his business. He is a prominent Mason, belonging to the R.A. and Council. The importance and high standing of this house is only another instance of the energy, vim, experience and hard work of the men who are tending rapidly to advance the progress and increase the influence the Mountain City exerts upon the commerce and industry of the country. H. J. FELTON, Books and Stationery. While reviewing the commercial inter- ests and enterprises of Greenville, we must not in any manner fail to do jus- tice to these establishments that do so much to elevate society by the dissemi- nation of the products of the press. We have reference to the house of Mr. H. J. Felton, bookseller and stationer, in this special line of trade, the leading repre ;entative in Greenville. Mr. Fel- ton established business in 1877, and from the commencement has continued to enjoy an increasing custom, till his store is a favorite resort and is patronized by the first, families of the country. The premises, 24x60 feet in extent, are located on Main Street. The stock of goods, averaging some $5,000 in value, includes such a variety as would be expected in the larger establishments of metropolitan cities, and reflects in a creditable manner the taste and charac- ter of the community. It includes school books, latest standard novels, blank books, family bibles, window shades, wall paper, picture frames, a Seaside Library, newspapers, magazines, fancy goods, a fine assortment of gold pens, cornices, etc. A large supply of moulding, amounting to some 10,000 feet, is likewise kept and numberless other lines of goods too numerous to mention. These various articles are displayed in the showcases and counters, so as to invite inspection. Mr. Felton has been compelled, owing to increasing trade, to have thrown on to the front of the premises a handsome glass front, the whole width of the building and four feet deep, and added a mansard roof, making his building an ornament to the street. This gentleman, who is as popu- lar as his supplies are unsurpassed in taste, neatness and variety, is a native of Massachusetts and came South in December, 1874, since when he has been recognized as one of Greenville’s most enterprising men and a valuable acquisi- tion to the mercantile community. He is likewise an influential member of the Masonic Lodge, Recovery No. 31. In conclusion, we will say that Mr. Felton is an agreeable gentleman to have deal- ings with, and manages his business upon principles so liberal and straightforward as to have secured for himself and his house the esteem and consideration as well merited as it is rarely acquired. REV. ELLISON CAPERS. Ellison Capers belongs to the family of that name, whose ancestors settled in Christ Church Parish, on the sea-board, early in the establishment of the colony of South Carolina. They were proprie- tors of plantations on the coast. Capers’ Island and Inlet being named after them. William Capers, the grand-father of Ellison Capers, was born on his father’s plantation, in St. Thomas' Parish, on Wando river, and was a soldier of the Revolution. He won the confidence of Marion, and at the close of the Ameri- can war, though a very young man, he had risen to the command of a company State of South Carolina. 95 in Marion’s Brigade. The late Judge James, in his life of Marion, relates sev- eral anecdotes respecting the gallant do- ings of Capt. Capers 'and his command. William Capers, the father of Ellison Capers, was the second son of Capt. Wm. Capers, and became a distinguished Bishop of the Methodist Church. His noble character for unselfish devotion to his sacred calling, and his rare qualities of mind and heart, with the power of his eloquence as a preacher, made him widely known and beloved. In South Carolina his name was universally re- spected, and his influence as universally felt. The subject of this sketch is his fourth son by his second wife, Susan Magill. Miss Magill was of Irish parents, who settled in Kershaw county, on coming to America, and engaged in farming. Ellison Capers was born in Charleston, on the 14th of October, 1837. His early instruction was at the High School in Charleston, and at the once famous Methodist School at Cokesbury, in Abbeville county. His father, having removed from Charleston to Anderson, he entered the Military Academy of South Carolina, from that county, in January, 1854, and graduated in November, 1857. Upon graduating, the Board of Yisi- I tors of the Academy, appointed two I from the class to be resident graduates and assistant instructors, the appoint- ment to last one year. Mr. Capers was one of the appointees from his class, and began his duties on the 1st January, 1858, with the rank of Brevet Second Lieutenant, and assistant instructor in English. In this position he won the respect of the Cadets and the confidence of his superiors. The year expiring, Mr. Capers ac- cepted the election of the Trustees of Mt. Zion College, at Winnsboro, to be teacher of the preparatory department, and began his duties in January, 1859. In February he was married to Char- lotte Rebecca, the third daughter of Jno. Gendron and Catherine Coutourier Pal- mer, of St. John’s, Berkeley. In November of this year, Mr. Capers was elected an Assistant Professor in the State Military Academy, his Alma Ma- ter, and assigned to duty in July 1st, 1860, as assistant in mathematics, with the rank of Second Lieutenant. At the same time he began to read law in the office of Messrs. Havne & Miles, but his future was destined to be in another field. Fond of military life he threw him- self into his duties with such zeal as to win the recognition of the citizen sol- diers of Charleston, and in the summer of 1860, he was elected, without his knowledge, Major of the First Regiment of Rifles S. C. M. With the approval of the Board of Visitors of the Academy, he accepted the position, and was active in aiding Col. Pettigrew in the organization and drill of that splendid regiment. On the secession of South Carolina, Major Capers was at once put on duty with his regiment; was active in the military duties which the soldiers of the State discharged on the Ishinds and in the city during the spring and summer of ’61, drilling and commanding the light artillery on Sullivan’s Island, just before and during the bombardment of Fort Sumter. Col. Pettigrew resigning to go to Vir- ginia, Lieut. -Col. J. L. Branch became Colonel and Major Capers Lieut. -Col. of the Rifle Regiment. Seeing that a long and desperate strug- 96 City of Greenville. gle was before the South, Lieut. -Col. Capers resolved to enter the Confederate service, and tendering his resignation to Gen. DeSaussure, as Lieut. -Col. of the Regiment of Rifles, and to the Board, &c., he joined Col. C. H. Stevens in forming the 24th S. C. Vols. for Confederate ser- vice for the war. A camp of instruction was formed in St. Andrew’s Parish, in January, 1862, and Lieut. -Col. Capers assigned to its command. By the united exertions of Col. Ste- vens and Capers, ten companies of in- fantry were formed into a regiment, the men and officers electing to serve under them, and Gov. Pickens appointed the field officers: Col., C. H. Stevens: Lt.- Col., Ellison Capers; Major, A.J. Ham- mond, of Edgefield. The regiment was mustered into Con- federate service in April, 1862, and or- dered to Secession ville for duty. Throughout that year the 24th was constantly on duty, and gained the con- fidence of the Generals commanding. On Cole’s Island, at the battle of Se- cessionville, at Pocotaligo, on the Cum- bahee and Asliepoo, and at Wilmington, in N. C., the 24th did faithful service. On the 3d of June, ’62, Col. Capers com- manded four companies of the 24th. and the Charleston Battalion, Col. Gaillard, in the first fight on James Island, leading a charge against the 100th Pennsylvania regiment, posted in and behind a row of negro cabins, at Legare's, the Pennsyl- vanians were routed and twenty-two of their number captured. At Secessionville Col. Capers was de- tached to direct the firing of a flank bat- tery of two 24-pounder guns, and re- ceived the thanks of Brig. Genls. Evans and Smith for the services he rendered. In May, 1863, the24th-with Gist's en- tire Brigade, was ordered to the relief of Vicksburg. Arriving at Jackson, Miss., on the 13th, with the advance of the Brigade, under command of Col. Peyton Colquitt, of Ga. . the enemy were report- ed marching on the town. Gen. John- ston arrived to take command by the same train, and ordered Col. Colquitt to march out on the Clinton road at day- light and hold McPherson’s corps in check, while the city of Jackson was be- ing evacuated. In the fight which ensued next morn- ing, the 14th, from sunrise to 12 M., Col. Capers commanded the left of the brigade Col. Stevens having been detained in Charleston a few days, and just as the order came from Gen. Johnston to retire the Brigade, after the gallant stand it it had made, Col. Capers received a se- vere wound in his right leg, his horse also being shot. After an absence of six weeks he rejoined his regiment at Morton, Miss., and remained with it until an other wound, received in the thigh, at Cliicka- mauga, Ga., obliged him to retire from the field. The gallant 24th was riddled in this great fight. Col. Stevens, Col. Capers and Maj. Jones and Lieut. Clar- ence J. Palmer, the Adjutant of the regiment, were all badly shot, the latter being killed by Col. Capers’ side. The flag of the 24th was five times shot down, and as often carried forward by brave hands, Rejoining his regiment in winter quar- ters, at Dalton, Ga., in December, 1863, and the gallant Colonel of the 24th being promoted a Brigadier-General and as- signed to command Wilson's Georgia Brigade, Lieut. -Col. Capers was pro- moted Colonel. Then followed the campaigns of Gens. Johnston and Hood, in both of which the 24th S. C. V. was constantly on duty. For seventy days, at Calhoun, Ga. , Col. Capers was detailed with his regiment and a Georgia battalion to drive a division of the enemy from an eminence from which the march of Gen. Hardee’s corps was impeded by artillery fire. The task was successfully accom- plished, and the Colonel commended in orders by Genls. Gist and Hardee. Gen. Gist being wounded in one of the Atlanta battles, Col. Capers com- manded the brigade for a time, and was complimented by Gen. Hardee in person at the battle of Jonesboro for the con- duct of the 24th in holding the position on the extreme right of the line against the repeated assaults of Gen. Jeff Davis’ Division of Gen. Sherman’s army. At the battle of Franklin, in Tennes- see. Xov. 30, 1864. Gen. Gist was killed and Col. Capers severely wounded. Gist’s Brigade was attached to Cheat- ham’s Division of Hardee’s Corps, and State of South Carolina. on the Tennessee campaign, Cheatham commanding the corps, Maj.-Gen. J. C. Brown commanded the division. The Brigadiers were Strahl, Carter, Vaughn and Gist. Brown and Vaughn were wounded, and Gist, Strahl and Carter were killed. Just before he was shot Col. Capers was the senior officer fit for duty in the division on the field, and at the close of the fight a Lieutenant-Colo- nel was actually for a time in command of the division. The 24th captured the flag of the Ohio Volunteers, at the last ditch of the enemy, at Franklin, the Lieutenant- Colonel commanding, and a great part of the regiment. The wound of Col. Capers was a very serious one, in the left ankle, received at close quarters, just before reaching the last work. The Colonel falling just in front of his men, the thoughtfulness of the color-guard in seizing him bv the arms and dragging him into the ditch of the work saved his life, for every man who fell in the field near the work was riddled by the terrible fire of the enemy. Col. Capers’ wound laid him up for months. While still on his crutches the shattered army of Gen. Hood returned from the Tennessee campaign and marched through South Carolina to join Gen. Johnston in North Carolina. Col. Capers paid his regiment a visit at Union, as Cheatham’s Division passed that point, and was warmly greeted by his regiment. The state of his wound made it impossible for him to take his place in command of the brigade, and he returned to Spartanburg, where his family were temporarily residing. In April he set out for North Carolina, on horseback, to assume command of Gen. Gist’s Brigade, having been promoted in February a Brigadier-General in the P. A. C. S., on the recommendation of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston and Lieut. - Gen. Hardee. This intelligence was communicated in a telegram from Gen. Johnston early in March, and the hope expressed by the General that the state of Gen. Capers’ wound would soon enable him to join the army. Though unable to wear a boot or shoe, or to stand on his ; foot, Gen. Capers felt it to be his duty to report to Gen. Johnston, and set out, on horseback, for that purpose on the first of April. Before he reached his com- mand in North Carolina, Gen. Lee had surrendered, and shortly afterwards Gen. Johnston agreed upon the terms of his surrender. Gen. Capers was included in the list of General officers and received his final discharge from the military ser- vice of the Confederate States, returning to South Carolina in company with his friend and commander, Maj.-Gen. B. F. Cheatham. The two commanders stopped at the late residence of Brig.- Gen. S. R. Gist, in Union county, to pay their respects to his widow and sister, and after spending a few days together they parted company, Gen. Cheatham riding on towards Augusta and Gen. Capers returning to Spartanburg. In the fall of 1865 a farm near Anderson Court House, formerly belonging to his father, and at which Bishop Capers died, was put in his service by that prince of noblemen, the late Theodore G. Wag- ner, of Charleston, and a gift made to Gen. Capers of a pair of mules and the outfit of the farm, Mr. Wagner volun- teered this generous kindness, and would not allow Gen. Capers to make an obli- gation to him for his outlay, saying he had plenty of money, and it was both a privilege and a pleasure to aid a Con- federate soldier who had staked all and lost all by the war. Gen. Capers removed to Anderson and worked upon his farm with zeal, doing as much labor as the weak and painful state of his ankle would permit. By teaching a class of young ladies in the town, and by the help of the farm, Gen. Capers maintained his family in the year 1866. Gov. James L. Orr, who resided in Anderson, and who had been elected Governor of South Carolina in the fall of 1865, requested Gen. Capers to become a candidate for the office of Secretary of State, to be filled by elec- tion at the meeting of the State Legis- lature, in December, 1866. Gen. Capers consented and was elected on the joint ballot of both Houses by an almost unanimous vote. He entered at once on the active dis- charge of his duties. At the same time he received a communication from the vestry of Christ Church, Greenville, asking him to accept the charge of that parish, it being known to the vestry that City of GREEKAiLLb, Gen. Capers was a candidate for holy orders in the Episcopal Church. He had so declared himself while on duty with the army at Jonesboro, in Georgia, in September, 18(14, and entered into canonical engagements with the Bishop and standing committee of the Diocese of South Carolina, to be ordained to the ministry, if he survived the war. Such was the depressed condition of the church in South Carolina at the close of the war that the Bishop of the Diocese of South Carolina discouraged his candi- dates from ordination, and advised them to attend to the pressing needs of their families. Though baptised and reared in early life a Methodist, Mr. Capers became an Episcopalian, the beauty and order of the Episcopal Church liturgy having a special charm for him, and his tastes and convictions leading him that way. He is a decided churchman in his principles, but honors and loves his fellow Christians of every name, holding it to be the doctrine of Christ, that all who are baptised into Christ have put on Christ, and are fellow heirs of the promises of God and fellow Chris- tians in His grace and service. The call to Greenville opened the way to Gen. Capers to enter the ministry, and after consulting his friends and the Bishop he accepted the call to be Lay Reader until ordained, and then to become rector of the parish. Gen. Capers resigned his office as Secretary of State immediately after his ordination, in May, 1867, but Gov. Orr refused to accept it. Appoint- ing a good deputy to take charge of the office while he attended divine service at Greenville on Sunday, Gen. Capers con- tinued as Secretary of State until July, 1868, when he turned over the great seal of the State to F. L. Cardoza, at the inauguration of the Radical usurpation of the government of South Carolina. Mr. Capers devoted himself to his parish, which has since grown to be one of the strongest and most efficient in the Diocese. He has been its rector since his ordination, in 1867, with the excep- tion of one year (1876), when he re- moved to Selma, Ala. , and became rector of St. Paul's Church in that city. The climate disagreeing with the health of his family, and his successor at Green- ville resigning, Mr. Capers was earnestly recalled to Greenville, and returned in Xovember, 1876. In the church in the Diocese he holds a prominent place, being secretary of the Board of Missions and a delegate to the General Conven- tion of the church. Mr. Capers is warmly attached to his parish and the Diocese. He has been repeatedly called to important churches, both within and without the State, but has remained with his first charge in Greenville. At the meeting of the State Demo- cratic Convention, in October, 1882, he was nominated without his consent or knowledge, on the State ticket as Super- intendent of Public Education. The convention adjourned leaving Gen. Ca- pers’ name on the ticket, though he sent a telegram to the President positively declining the place. Deeming the office so tendered him inconsistent with bis ministerial duties, Gen. Capers wrote a letter to the State Executive Committee, declining the nomination and positively withdrawing his name. By his marriage Gen. Capers has had born to him five sons and four daughters, two of the latter dying in infancy. REV. J. A. MUNDY, D. D. Pastor of the Greenville Baptist Church, was born in Amherst county, Ya. He was raised at home and grad- uated Bachelor of Arts from Rich- mond College in 1859. He was for sev- eral years engaged in the ministry in Amherst and Jselson counties, and in 1867 was appointed principal of the Flu- vanna Female Institute, where he re- mained three sessions. He was then five years connected with the Valley Associa- tion having charge of the churches at Holland Institute, Roanoke City and Monsacks. He then moved to Warren- State of South Carolina. 99 ton, N. C-, where he remained in charge of the Baptist Church, till coming to Greenville, where he delivered his first sermon on the third Sunday of October, ’83. He has since become quite popular here and his congregation is one of the strongest in the State. When he came the membership was 463, and his efforts have attained the gratifying result of having increased it to a little over 500 communicants. The Church, one of the handsomest edifices of the city, will seat over 1,200, and the Sabbath School is one of the two largest in the South. Dr. Mundy is tall, has an easy and graceful delivery in the pulpit, and be- ing a man of sound erudition and ex- tended experience, is well suited for the position he so ably fills. He is being often called to address many public meetings and institutions all over the South. He was a trustee from North Carolina, of the Louisville Seminary, and will probably be called to fill the first vacancy occurring in this State. He is a trustee of the Holland Institute, and of Wake Forest College, which lat- ter conferred upon him the degree of D. D., on 8th June, 1882. A central figure of one of the most influential organiza- tions of the State, the Greenville public long hope to see him in their midst, sup- porting and abetting the moral standing and social welfare of the general com- munity. REV. R. D. Sf^ART. A young Methodist pastor of South Carolina, of ability and promise, is the son of Senator Smart, who sat for over 24 years consecutively in the State Leg- islature of South Carolina. He was born in Beaufort county, and received his early education at Cokesburv Academy, which he left to join the Confederate army. He when only 15 years old, entered the Third South Carolina cavalry, serving eight months in Johnson’s army, surrendering at Greensboro’. He graduated from Wofford in 1868, and studied at the Presbyterian Theological Seminary, graduating from it in ’71. He was then a year assistant pastor of the Trinity M. E. Church, Charleston, and two years of Spring Street Church. He married 5th March, ’73, Isabel Evans, daughter of the member of the firm Walker. Evans & Cogswell, who died, leaving him one infant. His health becoming impaired, he traveled in Europe in ’75, and return- ing to his native country, has since been resident in the upper part of the State. His first charge was in Cokesburv, where he married 20th. June, ’76, tne daughter of D. W. Aiken, at present Congress- man from that district. He remained here two years, and was then one year pastor of the Greenwood Circuit, which has eight churches. He was three years in Hnionville, where he had a nice church and a large congregation, who were as unwilling to loose him as he was loath to go. He was two years minister of the Methodist Church in Newberry, and on 1st January, ’84, was installed in his present position. He has since gained the confidence of the people and is a fa- vorite with the general public. His con- gregation, to which he has made over thirty additions, now numbers between 300 and 400. The church has been lately newly furnished interior- ilv, and is nicely arranged to suit the Southern climate. An eloquent speaker, a wide read student, studying his subject well and thoroughly before delivering, Mr. Smart’s discourse is systematic, con- cise and to the point, all his reasoning- tending to impress the hearer with one great principle, to which indeed his whole sermon leads up and always con- fines the attention to. Mr. Smart is an honorary member of several college so- cieties, has delivered various public ad- dresses, is a Seventh Degree Mason, Landmark Lodge, Charleston, 76, and is as pleasant and entertaining in the walks of every day life, as he is at home in and attentive to the duties of his pro- fessional calling. 100 City of Greenville, STOKES & IRVINE, Lawyers. John W. Stokes, one of the best known and leading members of the bar of South Carolina, was horn in Green- ville, received his literary training at Greenville Academy and diligently pur- sued the study of law at the University of Virginia, graduating from here B. L. in 1843. In the fall of 1844 he was admitted to the bar in this State and the next year became a partner of Sullivan & Stokes, which firm continued an unin- terruptedly prosperous career till 1876. In that year Mr. Stokes formed a part- nership with Mr. Featherstone, succeeded by Stokes & Clyde, and in 1882 by the present firm. At his profession Mr. Stokes has had entire success, has always enjoyed the confidence of the community. Among the many and important cases he has been victorious in we may mention that of James M. Sullivan et al. vs. W. M. Thomas, involving the validity of Confederate investments and the duties of a Commissioner of Equity. It was carried on 12 years, commencing in 1865, was in the Supreme Court in 1872 and 1874, and in 1879-80 was the last appeal, when he got $15,000 on a claim of $ 20 , 000 . It is reported in 3d S. C., page 531, and will be seen to have entailed an immense amount of labor and research. Distinguished in his profession, Mr. Stokes has also gained eminence politi- cally. From 1856 to 1861 he sat in the Legislature, and was an energetic mem- ber of many important committees, including the Claims, Privileges and Elections Committees, and was appointed chairman of the Educational Committee, succeeding Gen. McGowan. In the war Mr. Stokes held the position of Assessor to the Confederate Government. In Greenville he was chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee, and is a much respected citizen. His part- ner is a young and rising lawyer of the county, was born in Greenville and studied law with Simpson & Moore and with Maj. James H. Whitner, and admitted to the bar in 1878. He is quite popular and came near getting into the Legislature last time, a likely representative this fall and will prove a statesman alive to the best interests of his constituency. HON. TH OS. Q. DONALDSON. An eminent lawyer of South Carolina, was born in Greenville county, on the 27th August, 1834. The first sixteen years of his life were passed on his fa- ther’s farm, and in attending schools, such as the neighborhood afforded, by which means he acquired a good knowledge of farming operations, and made consider- able proficiency in the elementary branches of an English education. At about the age of sixteen he left home to attend a classical school, where, in addi- tion to English, he devoted himself for three years to the study of the Latin and Greek languages, under the tuition of Mr. Wesley Leverette, a teacher of ex- tensive reputation. After teaching school a short time, Mr. Donaldson, about the 18th March, ’53, came to Greenville and began the study of law in the office of C. J. Elford, where after two years of application, and profiting immeasurably under the guidance of such a prominent member of the bar, he was admitted in 1855, in a class of fif- teen before the Supreme Court. He be- gan practice with his preceptor, which partnership lasted till 1st January, '61, when he continued his career alone. In April, '61, he joined the Butler Guards, and was in the army till May, ’62, when his health failing, he returned home, and without solicitation, was appointed Collector of the War Tax of Greenville county, the duties of which office he discharged to the satisfaction of the peo- ple till the war closed, when he resumed the practice of law. In the fall of '63, he was a candidate for the Legislature, but was defeated by 40 votes. From this time he devoted himself to his profes- sion and extended his professional stand- ing, became noted for his attention to his client’s interest and soon came to do one of the most lucrative practices in the up-country, which patronage he still en- joys. His popularity steadily grew, and in ’72, he was nominated by the Demo- cratic County Convention for the State Senate by a vote of 34 out of 48, on the first ballot, and defeated at the ensuing State of South Carolina. 101 election the opposing Republican candi- date by a large majority. His course in the Senate was charac- terised by great prudence and firmness, and while he ever maintained with un- flinching consistency, the principles of the Democratic party, he, at all times, commanded the respect of the opjiosi- tion. Mr. Donaldson has been a factor in promoting the interests of the county. He was a zealous and leading advocate of the Air Line R. R., and was chair- man of the committee of thirty-six gen- tlemen who conducted the canvass for the county subscription, which was car- ried by an overwhelming majority. He is at present one of the commission of three appointed by government to revise the tax laws of the State, and is con- nected with many of the important financial enterprises of the county. He is President of the Huguenot Mill, Di- rector of the Camperdown and the Pied- mont Mills, in the City Building & Loan Association, etc. He is an influential leader in the Baptist Church, of which he has been a member for thirty years, and was a teacher in the Sunday School about ten years. He is one of the finan- ciers in this county, and is alive to the material advancement, and takes an ac- tive interest in the moral and govern- mental welfare of the county. He mar- ried in 1860, the daughter of the late Col. David Hoke, and has four children. DR. W. R. JONES. The above, one of the prominent men connected with the material ad- vancement and social welfare of South Carolina, was born in Greenville, and first studied medicine with Dr. W. P. Turban and later at South Carolina Medical College, from which he gradu- ated in 1851. The Doctor was a diligent student and the practice of the profes- sion came natural to him. His skill, more especially in surgery, soon brought him into notice, and at one time he enjoyed the largest practice in the upper part of the State. Though devoting himself now in a great measure to manu- facturing pursuits, he still possesses the extended patronage of the community, and his name is a household word in many homes in this and all through the adjacent counties where his fame as a practitioner has never waned. He is a member of the State Medical Association and has been twice President of the County Medical Society. Apart from the practice of his profession, the main business enterprise he is engaged in is the GREENVILLE PAPER MILLS, of which he is sole proprietor. The mill was established in 1835 by one Paterson, and thus is not only one of the most important but the oldest manufacturing venture in the up country and perhaps in the State. He has owned it since 1875 and has by able management and economy increased its trade till its goods are extensively sold all over South Caro- lina and into Georgia and North Caro- lina. They consist of news, manilla and wrapping papers, all weights and of best qualities, a large stock being kept on hand, any size being also made to order as parties may desire. The miil is a two story brick building, located on Reedy River, six miles below Greenville, and is provided with the most serviceable plant in the way of machinery, engines, etc., the Avliole being arranged with the view of manufacturing expeditiously. From 1,000 to 1,200 pounds is turned out on an average daily and the paper rivals the best makes from the New England mills. Ten experienced hands are employed in the various departments. Dr. Jones is also a leading society man, belongs to the Masonic Order and is an active member of Recovery Lodge 31, Cyrus Chapter 22, and also in the Council. He stands high in the profes- sion and is one of our most useful and respected citizens, as his mill is one of the best conducted and most beneficial institutions in the State. J. F. DORROH, M. D. The above, one of our most skillful and respected physicians, is a native <;f Lawrence county, and received his early education at the Lawrenceville Academy. He pursued the study of medicine at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, graduating from here in 1839. He spent some time in Blackley Hospital on the west side of Schuylkill, as an under- graduate. He conducted practice in his I native county, till February, 1873, when 102 City of Greenville, he moved to Greenville. In the war he was in the medical department, and mostly in the field with the Third South Carolina Regiment, under lire all the time for six months. By his removal to this city his business has augmented, and he enjoys a large and lucrative prac- tice, and is often called many miles into the country. As a medical attendant he has been very successful, and takes rank with the leading in the State. He is an influential member of the County Medi- cal Association, and was four years the efficient Chairman of the State Sub. Board of Health for this county. Per- sonally the doctor is an agreeable gentle- man and well merits the popularity and esteem he enjoys. JAS. H. MORGAN & BRO. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Dry Goods, Shoes, Groceri s, Etc., Etc. Among those who have signally distin- guished themselves in mercantile life in this city, we are under just obligations in noting the firm of Jas. II. Morgan & Bro. as having contributed largely to the development of trade in the upper sec- tion of this~~State. The house was ori- ginally established in 1871 as Davis & Morgan, becoming in ’75 J. II. Morgan & Co., and in '77 the present name was adopted. It has from the commence- ment steadily continued its career with most encouraging success, till now it is one of the most extensive houses in the State and commands a large and increas- ing trade, ramifying all through Green- ville county and the adjacent territory and into North Carolina as well. The store occupies two floors, each 24x100 feet in dimensions, besides a warehouse and cellar. These are filled to repletion with stock which averages from $20,000 to $30,000 in value, according to the season. The main store is made attractive by a generous display in the various handsome show cases and on the many counters, shelves and tables of a complete line of dry goods, including the finest produc- tions of home and foreign mills, silks, satins, cashmeres, brocades, ladies’ dol- mans and cloaks, gloves, hosiery, etc., all alike of guaranteed quality. Also, boots and shoes, for ladies, gents and children’s wear in the latest styles, and in sizes to suit all feet. In the grocery department a large se- lection of the choicest staple and fancy groceries is likewise kept. The firm do no inconsiderable jobbing business also. They are agents for plaids, yarns, shirt- ings and sheetings for some of the best mills, these goods being of an excellency unsurpassed and sold to merchants at fac- tory prices and terms; five to eight hands are employed, according to the season, who are attentive to the many patrons of the house. They are also agents for the following celebrated ma- chinery: Farquhar’s horizontal and vertical steam engines, the purchase of which will inestimably repay every far- mer who raises fifteen bales; saw mills and separators ; Gullett’s improved mag- nolia cotton gin, with self-feeder and con- denser; Massey’s excelsior and Griswold’s cotton gins, feeders and condenser: grist mills, walking and riding cultivators, reapers, mowers and agricultural imple- ments generally. Their machinery has always given satisfaction. Buying their goods in large quantities and quickly dis- posing of the same, they are enabled to keep constantly on hand a new stock and to sell at figures advantageous to custom- ers. The individual members of this prosperous firm are Mr. Jas. H. & M. A. Morgan. They are both natives of Greenville county, the first having been partly raised in Pickens, and served in the First- South Carolina Militia in this State for the Confederate cause. These gentlemen are well known and promi- nent members of the community, and their establishment largely patronized by first class custom, reflects the greatest credit on their business ability, integrity and enterprise. R. M. MACDONALD, Greenville Machine Works. Among the many industrial establish- ments of the State that have been sketched in this volume, the Greenville Machine Works and Iron Foundry claims more than ordinary attention at our hands, both on account of the im- proved quality of its products and the important influence it is wielding in ex- tending the reputation of the city as an State oe South Carolina. ioS advantageous location for the establish- ment of manufacturing enterprises. The works, located on the banks of the Ree- dy River, consist of a main building — the machine shop, 40x100 feet, provided with the latest, best and most improved machinery — the whole being driven by an eight-horse Westinghouse engine. The adjacent building, 40x50 feet, is the foundry with two cupolas, the larger one of 2,000 pounds capacity, and the shop is provided with a crane and its accom- panying apparatus, necessary to swing and work with ease a ton casting. To these buildings are added the engine house, pattern shop, storage sheds and all the minor conveniences and appen- dages of a first class establishment. To pattern making the house gives careful attention, having at the head of the de- partment, the best workman in upper South Carolina, Mr. Jno. Adams, of Glasgow, Scotland, who has had over 60 years experience in this line. It may be safely said that this is by far the best equipped shop of its kind in the State, as its products are not equalled by any other concern in this section of country. Fifteen to twenty competent hands are employed, who are under the direct su- pervision of Mr. Macdonald, the owner of the institution. Though repairing, casting and finishing machinery and iron work of all kinds is here executed with skill and promptness, the establishment is largely engaged in doing work for the cotton factories, building associations, corn and flour mills of the whole State, and many in Georgia and North Caroli- na, where the products have a standard reputation, and for finish, durability and exactness unsurpassed. A few words in connection with the life of the owner of this establishment, which is history the people, will be appropriate. Rollo M. Macdonald was born in Mur- rayshire, Scotland, 13th May, 1849, and at an early age went to Aberdeen, where he was for six or eight years learning the trade, engaged as a blacksmith. In 1872, he sailed for Halifax, N. S. He remain- ed two years in Montreal, and then came to New York, where he soon heard of the progressive South, and decided to come to Greenville, aniving here in De- cember, 1875. With little else but a hammer, he se- lected a site and at once commenced work, assisted by a colored man, in a 12x 16 feet shop. The people soon placed the fullest confidence in him and assist- ed him in every way and the demand for His work increased. In 1878, by fire, he lost over $1,500 worth of plant. Un- daunted by his loss, he continued to car- ry on business under the nearest tree, commenced to rebuild, actually using the coals of His destroyed shop to light the fires of the new. Last spring he left this location on McBee ground, where he had been since his first beginning, and bought the land on the other side of the river, where he had already built for himself a nice comfortable house, and erected the edifices he now occupies. Mr. Macdonald is a member of the Masonic Lodge Antiquity, of Montreal. His busi- ness enterprise and capacity leave little for us to say. His unparallelled success is an example, especially to the young, of what can be attained in this South- ern country by, first, a thorough know- ledge of the business to be followed out, then a stern and unwavering purpose, strict economy, great pluck, always wide awake and pushing, and above all, care- ful attention to disbursements and re- ceipts, and unfaltering probity. To these qualities combined with the best of con- stitutions, preserved by temperance in all things, we may attribute the impor- tant position the Greenville Machine Works occupy in the resources of the State, and the envied place Mi> Mac- donald fills in the minds and hearts of Greenvillians. C. A. DAViD, Dry Goods, Notions, Etc. Among the enterprising men of this city, we note with pleasure the above, whose store is centrally located on Main Street. It consists of a substantial 2-story brick building, 25x90 feet in ex- tent. The stock carried having a repre- sentative value of $12,000, embraces a full line of the best foreign and domes- tic dry goods, silks, satins, millinery, brocades, cassimeres, etc., and a large and varied assortment of the newest American notions. A specialty is made of zephyr yarns, of which he keeps the finest stock in the State. Supplies are City of GreenvilIe, io4 obtained direct from first hands in large quantities, and the house bears a high repute for the liberal manner in which business is conducted, and the reliability to be placed on every representation made. Mr. David employs four expe- rienced and polite hands who are atten- tive to callers. The trade of the house is large, extends throughout the upper part of this State and into North Caro- lina, a considerable jobbing business be- ing also done. The house was originally established many years ago by Col. T. 13. Roberts, succeeded by A. J. Roberts, who was joined in ’82 by Mr. C. A. Da- vid, who succeeded to the entire interest in April last. Mr. David is a man of enterprise and ability and has immensely increased the firm's good name till his commodities enjoy a standard reputa- tion wherever they are sold. Mr. David is a native of Cheraw, Chesterfield coun- ty, and came to Greenville a child. He is recognized among our most useful and influential citizens, as the house is favor- ably known and deservedly acknowledged one of the leading in its line in this sec- tion of the State. J. A. COOK, Stoves, Tinware, House Furnish- ing Goods, Etc. We question if on any other subject connected with our modes of living there has been displayed so much talent and inventive genius as in the improvements that have been made in the manufacture of the above lines of goods. American stoves are unequalled for economy and efficiency, and our house furnishing goods are in increasing demand through- out the world. At no place can these results be more plainly seen than in the above well known establishment of Mr. J. A. Cook, centrally located on Main Street. The premises are 17x80 feet in extent, are well arranged, and the work- shop in the rear, where the manufactur- ing of tinware and all sorts of repairing is done, is provided with every conveni- ence and necessary appliance for carry- ing on work, which enables the proprie- tor to fulfil all orders in this direction with expedition and exactness. The stock, which averages some 83,000 in value, consists of a full line of parlor and kitchen heating stoves and ranges, furnaces, etc., and a large supply of tin- ware, house furnishing goods, sheet iron, japanned ware, and in fact, any thiug made of metal used for domestic pur- poses, can here be obtained always at reasonable prices. Mr. Cook’s tinware, when made to order, also invariably gives satisfaction, and his general trade, which constantly augments, extends throughout this and somewhat into Laurens, Pick- ens and Anderson counties. He keeps two competent hands always at work, who assist him in the various depart- ments, including that of tin-roofing, in which he guarantees all jobs to last. Mr. J. A. Cook is a native of Greenville. He is thoroughly familiar with the details of the business and worked 13 years for A. J. Ross, whom he succeeded on the 1st November, ’82, since when he has con- ducted his affairs in a manner which has acquired for him the respect and confi- dence of the communitv. STRADLEY & BARR, Dry Goods, Notions. Etc., Main Street. P. 0. Box 172. In speaking of a house so well known and holding so strong a position in the trade as that of Stradlev & Barr, we cannot hope to add anything to its standing and reputation. Yet our pur- pose to make this work a valuable reviewer of the mercantile interests of South Carolina makes it our pleasant duty to say a few words with regard to this popular house. The firm was estab- lished in January, 1882. succeeding the older house of T. W. Davis, in which both the present proprietors were confi- dential employees. The premises com- State of South Carolina. 105 prise a spacious floor, 30x95 feet in extent, the store being made one of the most attractive in town by the tasteful arrangement and elegant display of stock in the various showcases and on numer- ous shelves and tables, giving the intend- ing purchaser at once an idea of its superiority and variety. The selection con- sists of foreign and domestic dry goods, silks, satins, broadcloths, tweeds, cas- simeres, brocades dress and fancy goods, latest American notions, laces, embroid- eries, white goods, hosiery, gloves, and in fact everything kept in a first-class city dry goods emporium. They also keep the largest and fullest stock in town of crochet and knitting Camper- down yarns, which have already become standard throughout the country, and are unsurpassed for beauty of coloring and softness of texture. They are all three-ply and fast colors, and orders by mail and express for them are promptly filled. The total stock will run in value from $12,000 to $14,000, according to the season, and six competent hands are employed in the store who are attentive and polite to customers. The trade of the house, large and constantly increas- ing, extends throughout this and all adjacent counties, considerable wholesale business being also done. The individ- ual members, Messrs. C. I). Stradley and G. T. Barr, are both well known busi- ness men and useful citizens of our town. The first is a native of North Carolina, and the latter of Anderson county. They both came to Greenville in 1874, and are likewise both members of the G. T., Mr. Stradley being a Past Worthy Patriarch of the order. In conclusion, we will say the business is conducted under a management at once liberal and enterprising, which will not fail to do everything that can be done to maintain the reputation of the goods and keep them always in the van of progression up to that point that stamps their products with the first standard of excellency. R. E. ALLEN & 5RO., Grocers. This enterprising and prosperous firm, which deserves special mention in a work reviewing the representative houses of the up-country, was established in June, 1883, succeeding in West Greenville, the branch house, Ferguson & Miller, had long carried on here. The premises, lo- cated on Pendleton Street, convenient for supplying the large and steadily growing country trade they command, are 30x100 feet in dimensions. They are well arranged and admirably adapted for prosecuting business, and are provided with facilities for expeditiously handling large quantities of goods. The stock averaging some $7,000 in value, consists of a full line of staple and fancy groce- ceries, fresh teas and coffees, standard sugars, molasses and syrups, flour, ba- con, lard, hams, country produce, foreign and domestic green and dried fruits, confectionery, canned goods, imported and domestic pickles, potted meats, to- bacco and cigars, etc., etc., can all be found here in any quantity, of genuine quality and sold at prices advantageous to customers. Two competent and ob- liging hands assist the proprietors in their various duties, and two wagons are constantly in use delivering to the many patrons in this and adjacent counties. The young and wide awake owners of this establishment, Mr. R. E. and Mr. II. \\ . Allen, are both natives of Abbe- ville. ^ The first, who is a member of the K. of II., came to this county in ’75, and the second five years later. They have always been looked upon among Greenville’s reliable, energetic and far- seeing business men, useful citizens and generally important acquisitions to the community’s welfare and advancement. D. T. BACOT & CO., West End Drug Store. Wholesale and Retail Druggists. Prominent among the business houses of this city, we note the well known and popular firm of D. T. Bacot & Co., re- gistered in Washington as the “West End Drug Store.” The business was founded m 1873, and has been since 1877 under the present efficient manage- ment, and has continued steadily to gain patronage till it ranks with any in the up country. The premises, located in West Greenville, consists of a spacious build- ing, two story and basement, 24x88 feet in extent, neatly arranged and provided with the latest improvements for carry- City of (Iuken vii.i.K ing on business, making the West End Drug Store one of the most attractive establishments of the town. The stock averaging some $0,000 in value, contains a full line of pure foreign and domestic drugs and chemicals, standard proprie- tary medicines, perfumery, toilet arti- cles, etc. Goods are supplied to custom- ers at moderate charges. Special atten- tion is given to the prescription depart- ment, physicians and family receipts be- ing filled with correctness and dispatch. This establishment also manufactures best liver pills, and their never failing lin- iment, which is unsurpassed. Three com- petent hands are employed and the trade, both wholesale and retail, is large and extends throughout the five surround- ing counties. Dr. Bacot is a native of Charleston, licentiate in pharmacy for the State Pharm. Board, and came to Greenville seven years ago, having before that been two years in the business in Pendleton, S. C. He is counted as a skillful pharmacist and experienced druggist, and the owner of a house which is as much a credit to the city as its high standing reflects on its owners watchful- ness and foresight. The doctor is a member of the State Pharm. Society. W. T. J. WOODWARD & SON, Merchandise Brokers. It seems to the writer that almost any class of business men might be spared from Greenville to better advantage than her brokers and commission merchants, for it is by means of their energy and enterprise that a community is not com- pelled to purchase in the narrow limits of the immediate vicinity, but is afforded a means of buying at the most advan- tageous prices in the markets of the world. The best known house engaged in this line in Greenville is that of W. T. J. Woodward & Son. whose comforta- ble office is conveniently located on Main Street in the centre of business activity. The house was established in July, 1879, and has since acquired a ■ large and widespread trade extending throughout the State, where they have three experienced men traveling in their interests. They handle principally flour, grain, provisions, groceries, and are noted for the prompt attention given to all business submitted to them, giving the retailers the benefit of their large connections, as they represent houses whose names are synonymous with the best goods in the market. They sell mostly for the following: J. D. Folv, Baltimore, sugars and coffees ; J. 0. Shaffer, Baltimore, provisions ; Rierwan Bros., Baltimore, provisions ; J. 0. Lloyd, New York, coffees; Jacob Kraws & Co., Geo. Lamb & Bro., E. P. Kirby, New York, cheese and butter ; G. P. Willier, flour; C. A. Gamble Flour Man- ufacturing Company, Baltimore ; Yic- toria Mills and the Charter Mills, of Tennessee ; Kentucky Flour Company, Louisville, etc. Are also agents and have storage magazine for the Hazard Powder Manufacturing Company, of Connecticut, the leading makers of this article in the United States. They also carry a large stock of flour, sugar and provisions and can generally suit parties requiring any variety of these staples on receipt of order, without the necessity of waiting for returns from the manu- facturers and jobbers of the Northern and Western cities. They have like- wise for many years done an important trade throughout the State as agents for Shipman & Co.'s duplicating letter books, which to-day no well equipped business establishment can do without, Mr. IV. T. J. Woodward is well known among the most go-a-head men of our city. He has been a resident of this State for thirty-five years and was among the first to introduce into this country an express system, being many years member of the firm of Coombs & Co., and from 1854 to 1865 was Adams' agent in Charleston. During the war he was engaged in blockading and with the Confederate Government. In 1866 and 1867 he was General Superintendent of the National Express and Transpor- tation Company, and many years special manager of the S. C. R. R. Co. for the South. His son and partner. Mr. W. G. Woodward, is a rising business man of the place. W. L. WAIT, Attorney at Law. A successful and well known lawyer of Greenville, was born in Laurens coun- State of South Carolina. 107 ty, S. C., 22d June, 1851. His ances- tors came from Virginia to this State. He was educated at Wofford, and grad- uated from that College 28th June, 1871. He taught school some time in Laurens county, and afterwards opened a scho- lastic institute — -Wait’s Grammar School in Greenville. This he conducted for several months, and then devoted his un- divided attention to the study of law. In September, ’73, he entered the office of Capt. G. G. Wells, and on the 17th June of the following year, was admit- ted to the bar on circuit examination, and on December, ’79, had his first case in the Supreme Court. He has since continued the successful prosecution of his profession, has steadily gained the confidence of the public, and enjoys a large and growing practice. He has gain- ed a number of cases in the Supreme Courts, among which we may mention that of Rogers vs. Nash, involving the construction of the statute on appeals; and it was a leading case on the subject of dismissal of appeals. The case of Fowler & Borne is also a memorable one, and was fully given in South Carolina Reports, and re-reported in the Ameri- can Law Reports. In all these cases Mr. Wait showed good advocacy and know- ledge of the law, and to-day he enjoys a high, reputation both with his colleagues and the public at large. He is also a popular society man, has a large circle of friends, and is a member of the K. H. S. P. BURBAGE, Silverware, China, Stoves, House Furnishing Goods, Etc., Corner Main and Coffee Streets. Among the representative men in this city, whose business makes Greenville a thriving centre of trade, the above is entitled to mention. This house was originally founded over 30 years ago as N. F. Burgiss & Co., and was many years carried on as Burbage & Gilreath, till February ’84, when they dissolved and Mr. Burbage has since continued alone. His trade extends over this State and into Georgia and North Carolina, his articles enjoying a good reputation. Ov.er the same territory he does a job- bing business, being represented by a traveling salesman, goods being shipped to the retailers direct from the factories and jobbers of the North. The premi- ses, located on the corner of Main and Coffee Streets, cover two spacious floors and a cellar, all 32x100 feet, filled with a stock averaging $10,000. This consists of silverware, including the best Ameri- can goods manufactured; among the china goods we count all qualities of English, French and German makers, Italian, Chinese and Japanese majolica; also, French lamp goods, a large assort- ment of parlor and kitchen stoves, tin- ware, willow ware and general house fur- nishing goods. Three hands are regu- larly employed, and in the busy season, this number is increased to six, and a horse and wagon is likewise kept. Mr. Burbage is also a real estate holder in town, owning one of the finest residences in the city and eight lots besides, and has a half-interest in 1,000 acres of farming land in the county. On this there are twelve settlements, comprising about 90 people, and cotton, corn, oats, etc., is raised, 50 bales of cotton grown here be- ing annually handled by Mr. Burbage. This gentleman was born in Charleston county, and was long engaged in the pro- ductions of naval stores in Charleston and Colleton counties. His family has always been active in defending our country’s rights. Seven brothers took part in the Revolutionary war, and in the late civil strife, five did good service for the Confederate cause. Our subject was then a member of the Second S. C. Cavalry, and was prerent at most of the battles of the Virginia campaigns, in- cluding Gettysburg and Brandy Station. In 1856, he was in the Florida war with the famous Billy Bow- Legs. He came to Greenville six years ago, and has since been considered an influential citizen and reliable business man. J. A. GOODWIN, Groceries and Provisions, Main Street. In the important line of industry indi- cated by the foregoing caption, Ave are not indulging in any invidious compari- sons by according a place among the representatives of this trade in Upper South Carolina to the above house, 108 City of Greenville, established in January, 1877. Since its inception it has continued to grow and does a trade in this county as well as all through the adjacent territory of Ander- son, Laurens, Pickens, Union and North Carolina. The premises occupied for the business are located on Main Street, Greenville, and consist of a three-story brick building with cellar, 25x140 feet. The stock, averaging some $12,000 in value, contains staple and fancy gro- ceries, fine teas and coffees, standard sugars and inolass.es spices, fresh and salt provisions, best brands of flour, canned fruits, table delicacies and gen- eral country produce, the whole being constantly replenished. Supplies are procured from first hands, farmers and manufacturers and retailed at lowest market prices. He employs three com- petent hands and keeps two delivery wagons. He handles also fertilizers, mostly the famous Oriental brands. Mr. J. A. Goodwin the sole owner of this establishment, a credit alike to the city j and himself, is a native of Greenville, where he is recognized among her expe- rienced merchants. He is a gentleman who can be depended upon in all that relates to the conduct of his affairs, and we are persuaded that those brought into relations with him will find all transac- tions satisfactory in exery particular. COL. W. H. PERRY, State Senator. Col. W. H. Perry, a member of the South Carolina bar, was born in Green- ville and graduated from Furman Uni- versity in 1856. He continued to study at South Carolina University, and later at Harvard, receiving the degree of B. A. from that institution in 1859. He then pursued the study of the law with his father, who was afterwards Governor of the State, and was admitted in 1861. At the outbreak of the war he enlisted in the 2d S. C. Cavalry. He served four years, first in Virginia and later trans- ferred to this State, being promoted to the rank of first lieutenant, and surren- dered with Johnston at Greensboro’, When peace returned he continued the pursuit of his profession with his father, as Perry & Perry, which firm still exists. He won the confidence of the continuity and was chosen Solicitor of this circuit in 1868. He was a delegate to the Reconstruction Convention of 1865 and one of the most active in promoting and advising the reforming of the State laws which then took place. In 1880 he was elected by a large majority as State Sena- tor from this county. Pie has received the Democratic nomination for Congress in this district this year. The Colonel has been appointed on two Governor’s staffs. He is an agreeable and pleasant gentleman to meet, stands high in pro- fessional circles, is an influential factor in the moral and material advancement of the county, and greatly esteemed in social life, possesses an untarnished reputation as a private gentleman and valued citizen. C. MELDMANN, Saddlery, Harness and Shoe Findings. Among these men, whose influence and enterprise add greatly to the weight and importance and whose solidity is a prominent support of Greenville’s com- mercial standing, the above is deserving of special mention. Starting business as a saddler and harness maker in lf.49 in this town, he has from, we might say. almost nothing, risen to be one of the wealthiest men and largest land owneus in the county. His store, located on Main Street, is filled with a fresh supply of all kinds of saddles, harness, bridles, bits and a complete line of shoe findings. He makes to order, employing in his shop two competent hands, anything in this line, at reasonable rates and guar- antees his work. Being thoroughly experienced in the details of the business and only using the best material, he has gained a standard reputation for his State of South Carolina. 109 manufacture. Mr. Heldmann takes a deep interest in the advancement of farming and grape growing, and is a great student and lover of horticulture. On Paris Mountain he has some nice land, where he grows large quantities of fruit, peaches, plums, pears, grapes, etc., for which he finds a ready sale in Greenville. This gentleman was born in Wetter, by Marburg, Province Hessen, March 25, 1819, and came to the United States in 1810, arriving in Baltimore in August of that year. By way of Richmond, Lynch- burg, Danville, Greensboro’, Salem, Rockenham, where he was three years in a large coach factory, he came to Greenville in 1816, and as soon as he perceived the great climate advantages, manufacturing facilities, fine surround- ing country for fruit and vine growing he determined he could not be moved from this spot. He has always been active in the furtherance of honest gov- ernment, and is an influential Odd Pel- low, having taken all the degrees in that order, and an initiated Mason. He is regarded as one of our best and most thoroughgoing men and a valuable acqui- sition to the social prosperity and sta- bility of this city and county. He married, December 25, 1817, Matilda A. Garrison, of this county, and has one daughter. COL. A. BLYTHE, A well-known member of the South Carolina bar, was born in Greenville July 18. 1810, and finished his education by graduating M. A. from Furman Uni- versity in 1861. In that year he enlisted in the cavalry of the Hampton Legion, afterwards called 2d S. C. Cavalry, serv- ing as third lieutenant. At Jackshops he was hit by a spent ball, and ever ready to respond to duty’s call gallantly served the true cause, till the fall of Wilmington, after which he joined the main army and was disbanded at Chester. After the war he was two years in farm life and then commenced and pursued the study of law with John W. Stokes, and was admitted to the bar on Supreme Court examination in January, 1869. He has since conducted many cases in all the State and Federal Courts and being attentive to his clients interests he has gradually gained the confidence of a large circle of patrons, and now has one of the best practices in the up coun- try. He has always carried on business in partnership with another, first as Earl & Blythe, then Blythe & Ansel three years, and since 1881 as the pres- ent firm Blythe & Mayfield. They were formerly attorneys for the Air Line and for the C. & G. R. R. Col. Blythe has also had a significant political career. He was elected Solicitor of the 8th Judi- cial Circuit in 1872. He was United States Marshal from July, 1881, till July. 1883, and also Commissioner of United States Courts before and after he occu- pied the post of Solicitor. In his earlier days he was at various times magistrate and trial justice, has ever been a weighty member of his party and active in the discharge of the duties of the various responsible positions he has held and in the welfare of the State. MISS M. A. McKAY, Fine Millinery, Fancy Wear, Etc. Bridal Trousseaux to Order. It would be but just to our lady readers, in reviewing the different indus- tries of the city, to note the above house, which, representing a line of trade peculiar to, characteristic of and belong- ing to their sex, they will take a great interest in and accord their liberal patronage to. Miss McKay started shortly after the close of the war and has by industry and close attention to patrons’ wants always enjoyed a large custom, till now her store may be called a central rendezvous or purchasing point for mem- bers of the fair sex when in town. The store has always been located on the site it now is, where it occupies a substantial new brick building, one of the most attractive on Main Street. The store, which is the property of its incumbent, is conveniently arranged for carrying on business and the stock elegantly displayed in the various showcases and tables, in its style, neatness and taste denotes great artistic ability in its preparation, while its variety, extent and luxurious- ness betrays that no small capital is expended in obtaining the best goods that the markets of the world produce. 110 City of Greenville, For this purpose the owner visits New York twice a year, and so keeps her stock replete with all the latest and most fashionable styles, thus affording the public of this section an opportunity of getting the newest modes as soon as they are given to the belles of Fifth Avenue or Champs Elysees, and always at as low, sometimes at lower rates than the mo- distes of Paris or New York supply them. Miss McKay, who possesses the artistic comprehension, chastened by study and observation, to judge what is most fitting and suitable to the person- elle of her patrons, furnishes to an ap- preciate public all kinds and styles of tine millinery, fancy wear, etc. Possess- ing also the requisite skill and proficien- cy to develop her ideas, she has gained a standard reputation for her bridal trous- seaux, made to order. She employs five well taught hands, who are always busy in the workroom, which, located in the rear and luxuriously furnished and hand- somely ornamented, forms a pleasant and comfortable resort for entertaining those who come either to learn and admire, to order or to buy. Miss. M. A. McKay is a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, was raised in Charleston, towards the close of the war her family came as refugees to Greenville, where she has since gained the confidence of the community, and is a lady eminently qualified to perpetuate the reputation of the house. S¥1R$. E. CARRAUX, Fruits, Flowers, Confections, Etc., Vineyards. Among the several names connected with the grape and fruit growing inter- est in this vicinity, none is perhaps so well known as that of Garraux, which family, since they came to Greenville 12 years ago, have made themselves an im- portant adjunct to the pleasure and con- venience of living in the community. In the city environs one mile north from the Court House, the most casual trav- eler has observed a neat 3-story residence surrounded by beautifully kept and care- fully laid out gardens. On inquiry he will be told that these attractive flower beds and heavily laden fruit trees and. grape vines supply the town with all kinds of delicately perfumed flowers and choicest fruits. The premises cover over seven acres, two of which are set apart for grapes. There was here pro- duced last year, 700 gallons of red wine, rivaling in the taste and color the ex- port of Spain. About 5,000 lbs. of grapes were disposed of as such, half of which quantity was shipped to Charleston, the remainder consumed in Greenville. By means of various conveniences and fa- cilities, including a hot-house, Mrs. Gar- raux is able to supply the public at all seasons of the year with every variety of fresh flowers, which are retailed at low rates. Their fruit store is located on Main Street, adjacent to Lipscomb & Russell's store, and is familiarly known in the city as Garraux’s store. Perhaps there is no other purchasing point in town more generally patronized than this, where the service is as polite and amiable as the supplies are fresh and ex- cellent. Here an inviting array of all sorts of choice fruits, flowers, nuts, can- dies, canned goods, confectioneries, ci- gars, tobacco, etc., is displayed. This part of the establishment is more par- ticularly attended to by Miss Bettie, one of the eleven children of this happy and prosperous family. Mr. Garraux devotes his whole time to the garden. He has made the finest vineyard on ground which he bought as rock. He also pre- pares rooted plants for sale. Mrs. Gar- reaux generally superintends the whole with what ability a completely successful career and a large establishment, built up in nine years from nothing, is the best proof. Mr. and Mrs. Garraux are natives of Berne, Switzerland, and emi- grated to the United States in 1867. They remained in Asheville five years, where Mr. Garraux followed his trade as a cabinet maker, and Mrs. Garraux attended to the flower and fruit garden. They later removed to Greenville, where they have since been as popular as their store has been a favorite resort of all who like choice fruits, delicate flowers, fresh confections, fine cigars, etc. Mrs. Garraux also supplies nearly the whole town with mattresses made to order, and also does repairing. W. E. WRIGHT, M. D. The above well known and rising prac- titioner was born in Cleveland, N. C., StaLe of South Carolina. iii and came to this State when 18 years old. He pursued the study of the heal- ing art at Charleston Medical College, and graduated from there in 1880. He has since conducted a successful and lu- crative practice in Greenville and gained a wide reputation as a skillful practi- tioner, well up in his business. The doc- tor also carries on a drug business, his store being located on Coffee Street, where he can be generally found when off duty. He employs two experienced clerks in the business, who are polite to callers and fill all orders for prescrip- tions with dispatch. The stock, averag- ing some $3,500 in value, embraces a full line of domestic and imported drugs and chemicals, procured from the most reli- able houses and manufacturers, per- fumery aiid toilet articles and all the latest and best proprietary medicines. The store is an attractive one and par- ties will find it advantageous to deal with a house where goods are new and sold at the lowest prices. The doctor, prominent in the profession, is also an influential Mason, Recovery Lodge, R. A. and Council, and generally popular member of social circles. GEO. WESTMORELAND, Attorney. Among the members of the Green- ville bar, the above has won a consider- able prominence based solely upon his merits and not by reason of any influ- ence he may have possessed. George Westmoreland, son of the ex-Senator from this county, was born 14 miles north of Greenville city, and received his literary education at Furman Uni- versity, having prepared himself to enter this institution by studying at night, while clerking, by which he saved mon- ey enough to complete the course. He read law in the office of Earle & Wells, and was admitted to the bar in 1879, by special Act of the Legislature, as he had not read the required time. He then became partner of his preceptors, under the firm name of Earle, Wells & West- moreland, and 18 months later, when Capt. Earle withdrew, the name became Wells, Orr & Westmoreland. He then became associated with Mr. Wait, as Wait & Westmoreland for two years, and since 1st January last, he has been alone. Mr. Westmoreland has had most gratifying success in the practice of his profession, and though a comparatively young lawyer, has conducted several large cases in the Supreme Court. The most important of these perhaps, was that of Dickerson as. Smith and others,in which he was associated with other coun- sel. involving an eighth interest in a $300,000 estate; it was lost in the Cir- cuit, but won on appeal. Mr. West- moreland's practice extends over upper South Carolina, and his business steadi- ly increases. He makes a specialty of mercantile law, with which branch he is very familiar, is attorney for the County Commissioners, and for the City Build- ing & Loan Association. He has been often solicited to run for the Legislature, but prefers attending to an already lu- crative practice. He is a Master Mason, Recovery Lodge, and an active K. of H. He is also one of the leaders in the Bap- tist denomination, and withal a moving spirit in the advancement and welfare of the community, as he is a valuable acquisition to it as a lawyer. M. F. ANSEL, Attorney and Counselor at Law. A distinguished lawyer of the Green- ville bar, was born in Charleston on the 12th December, 1850. His family soon after moved to Wallnalla, where he passed his boyhood, and at the age of 16 entered a store in his native city. He returned to Walhalla and continued for two years in the mercantile business, and resolving to follow" the law as his profes- sion he commenced in 1870 and pursued the study in the office of J. Id. Whitner, at Walhalla, and was admitted to the bar 18th November, 1871. He prac- ticed in Franklin, Macon County, N. C., four years, until January, 1876, when he came to Greenville where he now enjoys a growing and lucrative practice. He was three years of the firm of Blythe & Ansel, and from 1879 to 1881 partner with Judge Cothran, of Abbeville. He is now in partnership with J. H. New- ton. at Pickens, as Ansel & Newton, and with H. A. H. Gibson, at Oconee, as Ansel & Gibson, but conducts business alone in Greenville. From August, 1879, City of GreenVILLE, ii2 until 1883, lie was city attorney of Greenville. He has had many im- portant cases in the Supreme Court since he successfully pleaded his first case there, on the 4th June, 1873, in North Carolina, while he was admitted, on motion, to the Court of Appeals of South Carolina, in 1879. Among a long list, that of Killian & Bros a. t. s. Bates, Reed & Cooley, involving right of de- fendant to have an attachment set aside for invalidity after the bond had been given by defendant, demands notice. It established the law in this matter in the State. Mr. Ansel is also a prominent public man. In 1882 he was elected to the Legislature, and in the House was the leading member on the railroad committee, and had most to do with its actions. He introduced in November, 1882, the first railroad bill providing for a railroad commission of three members. He was likewise on the committee on incorporations and passed the only con- stitutional amendment carried in the Legislature of 1882 and 1883; it allows no county to incur bonded indebtedness greater than 8 per cent, of the tax value of property, and is an important law in county finance. At home in Greenville he is an influential member of the Re- covery Lodge of Masons A. F. M., R. A., and Cyrus Chapter, Past Dictator in the K. H., and stands as high in profes- sional circles as he is popular in social life. He married in 1878 Ophelia A. Speights, by whom he has two children, a boy and girl. When he again becomes a candidate for re-election this fall, we have no doubt that the people of Green- ville will not be slow in appreciating real worth, and the valuable work he has already done and is doing for the county of his adoption. SAM. J. DO 15 T HIT, Probate Judge and Masteb. Among the men whose weight and influence add greatly to the standing and importance of this county, we note the above, who has been long and favorably known to the people of the Piedmont country. He was born in Greenville, | 31st December, 1841, his ancestors, who date back four generations in this State, coming originally from Wales. He was raised on a farm, and at the age of 10 entered a store, and at the outbreak of the civil war, he at once joined the Sec- ond S. C. Regiment, and was present at First Manassas, served gallantly his country’s cause till Malvern Hill, where he was severely wounded. He lay in the hospital seven weeks, and afterwards re- turned to his native town, being appoint- ed Postmaster in 1863, remaining as such till June, 1866, when he was elect- ed Ordinary, and held that till recon- struction in 1868, when said office was abolished and Probate Courts established, and he was elected Probate Judge. That he is admirably suited to the position is best exemplified in the fact, that he has been re-elected every succeeding term, and so much has he gained the favor and confidence of the communitv, that Gov. Simpson appointed him likewise, in 1878 Master in Equity, and he was re-ap- pointed in 1882. He is an ancient Odd Fellow, K. of IL, and Treasurer of the Democratic Club, and also Steward in the M. E. Church, and its Treasurer. He married on 14tli February, 1867, Bettie A. Isbell, of Va., who was very kind to him during his confinement in the hospital, and by whom lie has two boys and four girls living. He is a man with big heart, and one of the moving spirits of this enterprising and well gov- erned society. The Judge was the last Ordinary, the first Probate Judge, first Master and only man that has held here two county offices at one time. CAPT. PERRY D. GILREATH, Sheriff. The position of sheriff, the most ardu- ous and trying of county offices, is at present filled in Greenville by the above State or South Carolina. 113 gentleman who has been long and favor- ably known to the community. He was horn on the 9th July, 1836, about four- teen miles north of Greenville city, and like many of the strong and potent men who 1'orm the backbone of our county’s prosperity, was raised on a farm and in fact continued in farming life till he was, in -November, 1876, called to till the position he still holds. So gratify- ing has been his discharge of the duties of this office that in 1880, in the prim- ary, against the opposition of three opponents, he was elected by a large majority, and in the general defeated the Radical's by 2,700 votes, and this year he is not likely to have any opposition, a fact which reflects creditably on the appreciation of value and worth by an intelligent constituency. In the late war he did gallant service for the true cause, and enlisted in November, 1861, in the 16th South Carolina, remaining a year in Charleston; he later went into West army, and was elected for merito- rious service to be captain of Company F. He, however, resigned this post, sought more stirring fields of fighting, joined the Hampton Legion at Rich- mond and was with it till Appomattox. Col. Gilreath is a jovial and pleasant gentleman to meet, and a member of the Knights of Honor, and Knights of G. R., well merits the high esteem and confidhnce he enjoys of a wide circle of friends and the people at large. T. B. FERGUSON, General Merchant, Insurance Agent and Cotton Buyer. Main Street. With the great increase in the indus- trial activity in this country the business of fire insurance has kept pace and the companies doing business in this section of South Carolina are among the largest in the world. Greenville, in the person of Mr. T. B. Ferguson, is fortunate in possessing a trustworthy and competent agent who has been engaged over fifteen years in this line. He first commenced with the Insurance Company of North America, and took up in order the Com- mercial Union of London, the Fire Association of Philadelphia, the Royal of Liverpool, the London and Lanca- shire, the City of London, and lastly the Traveller's Accidental of Hartford, Conn., with total assets of about $100,000,000. Mr. Ferguson does in this line a large business and attends to all orders promptly. His store, centrally located on Main Street, is 40 by 75 feet in extent, two stories high, and is filled with a stock of some $5,000. It includes a full line of the best goods embraced under the terms dry and fancy goods, groceries, boots and shoes, hats and caps, hardware, etc. Two competent hands are employed and customers will find the service as polite as the goods are excellent. Mr. Ferguson is also largely engaged in buying and selling cotton, chiefly handling for the account of the many factories in the vicinity. Mr. Ferguson is a native of Union, and in the late war did service for the True Cause, as a member of the 6th S. C. Cavalry, for four years. He was, for meritorious conduct, promoted to Major and was twice wounded at Fayetteville. After the war he settled in Greenville, and in 1867 and 1868 sat in the State Legislature. He has always been re- garded as one of our most experienced and.fair dealing men of business and in- fluential citizen. E. A. McBEE. Attorney. Among the young and rising lawyers of this county we note the above, who has for several years carried on a grow- ing practice in Greenville. Capt. Mc- Bee was born in this town, and received his literary education at Wofford Col- lege, from where he graduated in 1876. He then took a few months leisure to consider what line of business he would follow in life. He commenced reading law in 1877 with Hon. 31. C. Butler, of Edgefield, and continued at Columbia Law School, Washington, D. C., and graduated from there in 1880. For some time he was clerk to the Senate committee on civil service and retrench- ments, and in January, 1882, was ad- mitted, on motion, to the bar in this State. He has continued practice with more success than young attorneys usually do, but he well merits his advancement. He is a member of the ii4 0ITY OF &R£EKViLLE, City Democratic Club, and as a popular military man has been Captain of the Butler Guards, Third Regiment, for two years. HENRY SCHLAPBACH. Butcher. A reliable butcher thoroughly conver- sant with all branches of his business is an acquisition to any community, and Greenville may be congratulated in hav- ing such in the person of Mr. Henry Schlapbach, who established himself here in 1877. In his present location, beside Gower & Reilly’s warehouse, he has been one year and possesses all the facilities for conducting business in the best manner. The store, a nice new brick one, is neatly kept and possesses besides a large ice safe with a capacity for three beeves and half a dozen sheep, a sausage machine, the only one of that kind in town, a mill capable of cutting 100 pounds in twenty-five minutes, and stuffing apparatus of similar large capac- ity. His stock is daily replenished with fresh meats, thus ensuring to his large number of customers the best quality and selection of supplies. To meet the requirements of his trade which is the largest in Greenville, his patrons being the best families in the city, he keeps a wagon constantly employed in delivery, and those visiting the store after sun- down will find it lit by a large gasoline lamp, enabling purchasers to select and see what they are getting just as well as by day. Mr. Schlapbach is *a native of Switzerland and emigrated to the Cum- berland Mountains, Tennessee, with a colony of others of his countrymen in 1869. He came to this State in 1877, and has made his business a most valua- ble and important acquisition to that class of mercantile houses, without which Greenville would find it difficult to get along. EXCHANGE HOTEL. W. R. White. In regard to hotels this city is fortunate in possessing the above mentioned hos- telry, which does honor to the city, and is one that commends itself to the trav- eling public for the excellence of its ta- ble, its efficient service and all its adap- tations and conveniences that are first class in every respect and leave nothing to be desired by the most exacting. The establishment was built and opened four years ago, by Capt. W. Ii. White, who is to be congratulated on the success he has attained and the large and steadily grow- ing patronage he has won in such a short space of time. The building is a spacious 3-story brick one, located on the corner of Washington and Church Streets, con- venient to, though not on the central thoroughfare. Its rooms command an uninterrupted view of the beautiful Piedmont valley and beyond, the moun- tains of the Blue Ridge, behind which the setting sun nightly finds its rest. There are 37 rooms, commodious and airy, admirably adapted to the require- ments of the Southern climate, and pro- vided with luxurious beds that induce repose and refreshing slumber. Fifteen polite bands are employed and for the excellent and well appointed table, re- plete with all the delicacies of the season, the house has become noted. To ladies visiting the city this hotel affords spe- cial inducements. It naturally follows that the owner of the hotel must be attentive to his patrons. This all who have made the acquaintance of the genial host can testify to. Capt. White is a native of Abbeville, and in the late war served as Captain of Company I, Fourteenth S. C. Regiment; he was wounded at Gettysburg and captured at Sutherland’s Station, after the fall of Petersburg, and endured four months of misery on the starvation rations of Johnson’s Island. As one of the land- marks of the city and an emblem of her enterprising spirit, advancement and progress, we take pleasure in commend- ing the reliable and excellent and un- equalled Exchange Hotel. J. R. BROWN, Druggist, Corker Main axd Coffee Streets. This popular drug store long running under the name of Earle & East, has been conducted by the above owner since September, 18S2, since when it has in- creased its trade and takes a prominent place among the several representatives State of South Carolina. 115 of its line in the city. Well located on the corner of Main and Coffee Streets, the store is largely patronized, and ladies find it an especially nice and pleasant place to visit and on a hot day to par- take of the very inviting iced soda and mineral beverages. The premises 32 by 50 feet in extent, are filled with a stock averaging some $4,500 in value. This includes pure foreign and domestic drugs and chemicals, the best known medicinal preparations, homcepathic and standard medicines, perfumery, toilet articles, etc., in fact, everything usually found in first-class drug stores. To the prescription department the doctor gives his careful attention. Mr. Brown, who is a native of Georgia, and came to this State in 1882. has been upwards of 12 years m The business, and is naturally familiar with its details, both in theory and practice. He was eight years mem- ber of the firm of Doyle & Brown, in Tocoa, Ga., and since coming to South Carolina has gained a reputation as a reliable druggist, the possessor of a well equipped and attractive store. He is also a Past Dictator in the Knights of Honor and a member of the Grand Lodge of Georgia. Parties cannot do better than patronize this establishment, where the service is as polite as the goods are reliable, varied and excellent. THE ENTERPRISE AND MOUNTAINEER. John C. Bailey, Editor. The oldest weekly, the second oldest paper in the State, is the outcome of a consolidation, # which took place in 1873, of two papers, the Mountaineer , estab- lished in 1824, a journal which counts on its long roll of editors the names of such eminent men as Gov. Perry and Judge Campbell, and the Enterprise, founded in 1854. The paper is a large 4 page, 36 column sheet, 28 by 44 inches, containing a digest of the week’s news from all parts of the world. Its collec- tion of general information and arrange- ment of advertisements makes it appa- rent that the management is careful and experienced. It is issued every Wednes- day morning, and has a circulation of some 1,700 copies, as large as any other county paper in the State, and as an advertising medium is unsurpassed. The premises, located up stairs in the Cagle block, are equipped with every convenience for doing all sorts of job printing, including a Fairhaven Power, Eureka and Gordon job presses. Mr. John C. Bailey, the editor of this jour- nal, was born in Edgefield, moved to Greenville when only three years old, and has always been engaged in the newspaper business. He became con- nected with the Enterprise when it started and was its owner from 1860 till he bought out Mr. G. E. Elford, the proprietor of the Mountaineer, since when he has conducted the consolida- tion with a success which attends a love for one’s avocation and hard work. He is a Mason and Past-Worthy Chief of the Good Templars, and Deacon in the Pres- byterian Church, and regarded as a moving spirit in the county. MILLSDALE STOCK FARM. South Carolina does not lack men who, perceiving the advantages this climate and region affords for stock raising, have spent their time and money in this di- rection, and in consequence, we find within her realm, several Jersey farms, which vie with any in the land. Among these we note the above farm of Capt. Mills, one of Greenville’s best known citizens. Millsdale’s broad fields are lo- cated in this county two miles from Greenville C. H., are partly within tne city limits and cover 300 acres. Though on our arrival there our eye would rest upon the fields of yellow oats and corn, and drink in the other beauties of the scene, we knew that we were come to ex- amine stock which forms the principal development of the institution, the farm- ing being an auxiliary. First we come to the bull — every well kept herd must have a first-class bull, and this the owner is fortunate in having se- cured in Orange County Boy. He is imported, is the son of Browny, dame Primrose Girl. Capt. Mills bohght him in Orange County, IST. Y. He is five years old. He has the full Jersey color, his skin is soft, of a deep orange hue, and his general appear- ance is such as to class him as a first strain, and best breed. He is assisted at 116 City of Greenville, times by a large bull, of the direct sig- nal strain. Two young bulls, bis sons, are also being reared on the farm, to which will soon be added an imported bull, from one of the most famous ped- igrees. With this new equipment and the stock of registered cows, the owner need fear no diminution in the demand for the animals raised on his farm. Capt, Mills is of opinion that large cows give the finest milk and most butter. He now attains regularly from several of his nerd 3^- pounds daily, and the writer can say it has not its superior. The conveniences of the establishment are complete, in- cluding cool dairy and other arrange- ments for butter-making. Visitors to this farm will be no less pleased with it than with its owner. Capt. Mills is tall and broad chested, and his children are the picture of health, no doubt owing to the quaffing of Jersey milk. He is a native of Henderson county, X. C., and in the late war, as Captain of Company G, 56th Regiment X. C. volunteers, served four years in Virginia and Xorth Carolina. Since then he has resided in Greenville and married Miss Corry Gower, and has four children. He is identified with this county’s welfare, and we need hardly tell our readers he dotes on fine Jerseys, and is proud of his herd and his success as a Jersey farmer. BRIGGS, MILLS & CO., General Merchandise, Fertilizers, Machinery, Etc., West Green- ville. Among the various firms in Green- ville, engaged in handling general mer- chandise that of Briggs, Mills & Co. must be noticed. The firm was formed on 1st January , JL884, by a consolidation of Mills S McBayer, who had existed 17 years, and Briggs & Hamblin, a house of eight years standing. Under the new combination the house has taken a new life and their operations have rapidly increased . Their premises, located on the corner of Pendleton and Augusta Streets, West Greenville, consist of a spacious build- ing 50x60 feet, divided into two depart- ments of dry goods and groceries; and to this are added sheds for storage of fer- tilizers, agricultural machinery, etc. In the dry goods store is kept productions of foreign and domestic looms, white, fancy and dress goods, clothing, boots and shoes, etc. The grocery stock is similarly complete. The total merchan- dise runs on an average of $7,000. In fertilizers they handle annually over 300 tons, mostly Zell’s ammon. phosphates, Ober & Sons Co., and W. B. Seal’s guanos. In machinery they keep on hand, Harrisburg Car Co’s Paxton en- gine, Ames’ Iron Works farm engine, Oswego, X. Y., champion reapers and mowers, E. Van Winkel’s feeder and condenser and cotton gin, also, his saw mills, S. Y. Hall’s cotton gin, mill- rocks, millstones, Farquar’s separator, etc., etc. They employ three or four competent hands, and also a wagon. The members of this firm, Mr. Henry Briggs. Capt. Otis P. Mills and George R. Briggs, are well known in Greenville. The first was born in Pickens, came to this county eight months old, is a Council Mason, Recovery Lodge. and-owns a fann of 105 acres. Capt. Mills is engaged in stock raising and farming, see article Mills- dale. Mr. George R. Briggs is a native of Greenville, and also carries on busi- ness as a broker and represents Rodd Bros. & C'o., Chess, Carley & Co., W. P. Harvey & Co., etc., in molasses, corn, oil. lard, cheese, meats, hay, salt, flour. In immediate home circles this establishment is too well known to require comment, but to the people of the surrounding country who have not as yet learned of it we commend it as liberal and enterprising in a marked degree. J. T. NIX, Attorney at Law and Real Estate Agent. James T. Nix, a prominent lawyer of Greenville, was born at Xixville, Beau- fort County — now Hampton — S. C. . and left home at an early age, he first making with his preceptor a tour in the West, connected with which is a little piece of romantic adventure, when he came near being drowned in a lake on the Kansas-Xebraska River. He came back to Savannah and continued study a short time at the Chatham Academy State of South Carolina. 117 there, and in 1868 returned home to Beaufort remaining there till 1872, when he entered Capt. Patrick’s Military Academy in Greenville. He removed to Walterboro’ in 1874 and set himself dili- gently to the study of law, being ad- mitted at the circuit there in 1876, receiving the compliments of the Judge. In 1875, at a contest in oratory, held at Colleton Academy, he delivered an ora- tion — his own production — on the “Glory of this Government and the miseries of Ireland,” closed with a quota- tion from Emmett, which carried off the palm. On the 24th May, 1878, in a debate, reported in the Furman Univer- sity journal, “Why this country should not have a limited Monarchy,” he with his colleague carried the decision of the judges in the negative. On the 23d of January, 1877, he was appointed trial justice by Hampton. In September of the same year he returned to Greenville, devoting his entire attention to his pro- fession. The first case that brought him into notice was the State vs. Harrison. The circumstances were the following: Harrison, a very poo>- man, who had shot at James Langley, a rich man, with a pistol, was charged by him with as- sault and battery with intent to kill. Mr. Nix succeeded in having him acquitted; further in a new case of Har- rison vs. Langley, he had the unarmed prosecutor convicted and made him pay heavy damages, for this the very same altercation. In this case, as seldom occurs, poverty and simplicity prevailed over wealth and power. Since that time Mr. Nix’s office has been crowded with clients; he has made much money at his profession. Seven years ago he com- menced with a debt of forty dollars, and is now one of the wealthy men of the county. He was admitted to the Su- preme Court 28th December, 1880. In criminal law Mr. Nix has been specially fortunate, has had over twenty murder cases of consequence. In this branch he is the leading lawyer at the Greenville bar. In collection business he has been always most successful, and is said to be able to get money whether parties have it or not. From December, 1882. till November, 1883, he was in partnership with A. C. Welborn as Nix & Welborn. In February, 1884, he formed his present partnership of Nix, Robinson & Nix. Being of a free, independent, and self reliant spirit, and gaining for a com- paratively young lawyer such good for- tune, due to his own efforts and energy, he incurred the jealousy of other mem- bers of the bar, who not content with getting up certain calumnies against him, tried to ruin him by bringing for- ward in the court of April, 1883, a series of charges which had they had any bear- ing on fact might have had serious conse- quences. They proved, however, wholly groundless and unwarrantable, and in- stead of doing their intended victim harm, helped to raise him higher in the estimation of the bar and to gain for him the further confidence of the people. Personally Mr. Nix is a pleasant gentle- man to meet, of correct habits, and has few equals in his profession at the bar. M. K. ROBERTSON, Postmaster. The position of Postmaster in Green- ville is at present ably filled by Col. M. K. Robertson. He was born in this county and raised on a farm, being en- gaged in agricultural pursuits till 20 years old. In the late war he did ser- vice for the Southern Cause as a member of the 16th South Carolina, being pre- sent at most of the leading fights and at the final surrender at Greensboro’. He was later three years clerk in the county treasurer’s office, and in 1871, was ap- pointed Postmaster by Grant. From 1875 till 1877 he was County Auditor, and then for six years he returned to farming. In March, 1883, he was re- appointed Postmaster by President Arthur, and has given satisfaction to the government, besides which he has dis- charged the onerous duties of the situa- tion so carefully as to have drawn forth favorable comments, from time to time, from the towns-people. He is an Odd Fellow and Royal Arch Mason, takes an interest in all matters that tend to the advancement of the public good. GEORGE BLACK, Saloon, West Greenville. This business is one of the most im- portant in its line in this county, and is 118 City of Greenville, the leading one in West Greenville. It was opened in the fall of 1880 by its present owner, who has deservedly met with unexampled success, and has gained a name for furnishing as reliable and excellent material as is sold. The saloon is 20x00 feet in extent, is neatly and cleanly kept and holds out to callers quite an invitation. The bar contains a stock of some $2,500 worth of the finest •French brandies, imported and domestic wines, most popular brands of Irish and Kentucky whiskies, best English ales and Philadelphia lager, soda and mineral water ad libitum, etc., etc. A first-class Brunswick & Balke combination table completes the establishment. Two hands are employed who are attentive to customers and experts at putting up cocktails, egg-nog and all the fashiona- ble mixed drinks. Mr. Geo. Black, the popular owner of this establishment is a native of Roscommon, Ireland, and came to the United States in August, 1867, and South in 1873. He is an in- fluential Odd Fellow and Chief Patriarch of the order. In common with the swarthy sons of the Green Isle, he is genial and pleasant, a good hand at en- gaging his customers interest, and is in every way suited to his position as an entertaining and agreeable host. A. B. WRIGHT & SOM, Grocers, Coffee Street, near Main. This firm was established in 1874 as Wright & Hart, succeeded in ’80 by the present firm. The trade ramifies all through this and into the counties of Laurens, Union, Spartanburg, Pickens and Anderson, where the goods have gained a standard reputation. The store located on Coffee Street is spacious and well arranged for carrying on business. Here will be found a full line of staple and fancy groceries, including choice teas and fragrant coffees, best grades of N. O. sugar and molasses, all varieties of canned meats, fish and fruits, table delicacies and country produce fresh from the farmer, for which Mi'. Wright pays highest market prices. The stock averages $2,000 to $3,000 in value, and a wagon is constantly employed deliver- ing to the many patrons. Mr. A. B. Wright was born in Cleveland County, N. C., and came to this State in 1874. He is counted a solid and fair-dealing merchant. He is now in his second term as alderman and has given greatest satis- faction to the constituency. • He is a R. Arch and CouncilMason, Recovery Lodge, Dictator in the Knights of Honor, and Assistant Dictator in Knights of G. It., and is delegate this year to the Grand Chapter. He is a valuable man to the city as his business is a credit to his ability. His son and partner, Mr. G. Y., was born in Cleveland County, is at present studying medicine. W. A. WILLIAMS, Lawyer. Among those men who may be con- sidered important to the welfare and promotive of the advancement of this county, the above calls for mention. Mr. Williams was born in Abbeville, South Carolina, December 14th, 1857, and removed to Greenville in 1868. He read law in the office of Simpson (now Chief Justice of this State) and Moore, of this city. He then took a course in law at the Colum- bian University, Washington, D. C. He was admitted to practice in January, 1880. and has been activ e in the pursuit of his profession. He is attentive and painstaking with his clients and now en- joys a substantial and steadily growing practice. He is now in copartnership with the Hon. R. A. Child. Mr. Williams took an active part in the redemption of the State in 1876, and is highly popular in political circles as well as professionally. He has an aptitude to make and attach friends, enjoys the respect of an increas- ing circle of admirers, and is a man who will promote the best interests of his county. In January, 1882, lie married Miss Willie C. Hudson, of Marlborough, S. C., daughter of Judge J. H. Hudson. J. N. POOLE, Dealer in Wines, Liquors, Cigars, Etc., Hahn's Block. Main St. This is one of the finest and best saloons in the city and enjoys a popular- ity and patronage equalled by few other establishments in its line. The business §taTe of South CaroluSt!. ii§ was started in 1878 by its present owner, who has attained remarkable success, has gained a high reputation for his supplies all over the State, and numbers among his patrons many of the best known and prominent families of the country. The premises, located in tlm busiest portion of the city are 18x65 feet in extent, and are among the nicest in town. The bar well ornamented with an alluring dis- play of the latest and most novel attach- ments of a well kept saloon contains a stock of some 82,000 worth of the finest French brandies, imported and domestic wines, best brand Irish and Kentucky whiskies, fresh foreign and American beer and ales, a full line of soda and mineral waters, leading Havana and home made cigars and tobacco, etc. A specialty is made of Mountain Sweet Mash Corn Whisky, sold at two dollars per gallon which has not its superior. In the rear is a billiard room with two fine tables, competent hands are em- ployed and the bar keeper puts up all kinds of mixed drinks in tempting and fashionable style. Mr. J. K. Poole, the popular owner of this well known estab- lishment is a native of Greenville, one of our successful business men. He is an Odd Fellow of the Golden Pule En- campment, in which order he has taken all the degrees. He-is the father of two children and well suited as the entertain- ing host of a prosperous and flourishing saloon. J. C. FITZGERALD, Photographer, Over Walter’s Drug Store. Among those who have, by close atten- tion to the various new and novel pro- cesses continually being introduced, kept themselves abreast and sometimes ahead of the latest styles and fashions in photography we note the above crafts- man, whose establishment represents in Greenville the art, which defying time, preserves the present. Mr. Fitzgerald's, gallery, located over Walter’s Drug- Store, is fitted with the latest and most modern improvements, in the way of instruments, including two lenses, un- failing in their action, plates from the best makers, etc. The premises are neatly furnished, making the gallery quite a pleasant one, and the whole is fitted up with the view of carrying on business with expedition. His pictures, in the various show cases and adorning the walls of the establishment at once make it evident that the proprietor is not only an expert in his business but has devoted much time and attention to the posing of subjects and arrangement of groups. He is assisted by a compe- tent lady retoucheure. He established the institution in January, 1882, and although he found a good light already here, he has improved it so as to give full advantage to the camera, in the cloudiest and sunniest days alike. Mr. Fitzgerald is a native of Peterboro’, Canada, and was over six years in Roch- ester, K. Y. He came to this State and carried on business three years in Colum- bia, as Hicks & Fitzgerald, and since coming to Greenville has gradually worked himself into an extensive busi- ness. He also has a rare collection of coins and deals in all sorts of curiosities. A. CLARK, Marble and Granite Monumental Works, Main Street. The perfection now attained in marble and granite work may plainly be seen at the establishment of the above gentle- man, whose works are located as above indicated. The premises occupy a large lot 18x200 feet in extent; a complete supply of Italian and American marble, foreign and domestic granite is kept and several expert hands are employed fash- iio City of OreentillE, ioning the rough stone after beautiful designs and filling the orders which pour in from all quarters of the Southern States. Mr. Clark keeps an experienced representative constantly traveling South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Alaba- ma; he receives a great deal of patron- age from Georgia. His products em- brace monumental and cemetery work of all kinds, curbing and posts, marble and slate mantels, grates and summer fronts, etc., and his work for taste, finish, beau- ty of design and cheapness, is not sur- passed by any south of the Potomac. Mr. Clark was himself born in Albany, A. Y., is a practical marble worker and stone cutter, and lias had an extended experience in 18 States in the Union, and been all his life in this line. In Greenville he has been 12 years. He be- longs to the Masonic Order. THOMAS STEEN, Commission Merchant, Real Estate, Agricultural Machinery, Etc., Greenville Music House. The above gentleman is a native of Man- chester, Eng., and came to the United States in 1842. He remained in New York three years, and then came south to Charleston, where for eight years, he ran the Merchant’s Hotel there. In 1853, he came to Greenville and conducted the Planter’s Hotel three years, and then the Glenn Springs Hotel, lie was the first man to start the grocery business in this city. He commenced in 1858, and sold out in 1872. He has since been engaged in his present line and now conducts business, as a commission merchant, real estate broker, and dealer in agricultural implements and machinery. He is agent for Geiser’s celebrated thresher, Peerless farm and domestic engines, saw mills, grain separators, etc., for Hall’s Self- Feeding Cotton Gin Co., of Sing Sing. X. Y., for Hall’s fire-proof safes, Cincin- nati, 0., for Lane & Bodeley.Cin., Onei- da steam engine, Richmond Leader Plow Co., Hurst & Bradley, Chicago. Mr. Steen being a man of great experience, handles all sorts of produce on small margins, and has always on his books a goodly list of large and small lots of real estate at all prices. Mr. Steen has taken an active part in politics and was at va- rious times warden. He is likewise a Mason and Past High Priest, and also Past Grand Master of the State in the Odd Fellows. He is also proprietor of the Greenville Music House, located next the Postoffice, where a stock of pianos, organs, musical instruments and sheet music is kept. ABBEVILLE, S. C EAELY SETTLEMENT. The first important settlement of the Abbeville district occurred as early as the year 1756 when Patrick Calhoun with four families of his friends settled at Long Cane Creek. On his arrival there were only two families of white settlers, one named Gowdy and the other Edwards, in that northwestern extremity of the Province. In 1764, Abbeville received a considerable accession of settlers by the arrival of 211 emigrants from France, under the guidance of Bev. Mr. Gibert, a very popular preacher. Soon after the peace of Paris he prevailed on a number of persecuted Protestant families to seek an asylum in South Carolina. They arrived in Charleston in April, and in the month of October left it for the land laid out for them, on both sides of Long Cane Creek, a part of which they named New Bor- deaux, and part New Eochelle, after the capitals of the provinces from which most of them had emigrated. They were distinguished for their industry and good morals. The climate agreed so well with them that they generally enjoyed good health, and several of them survived their eightieth year. The manufacture of silk was carried on by these settlers to some extent, and for a long time, in a domestic way, it was continued among their descendants. The nephew of the original projector of this settlement was a representative of the Abbeville district in the State legisla- ture in the year 1808. The name Abbeville is derived from a manufacturing town in France of that name, in the department of the Somme, situated on the river Somme, twelve miles from its mouth in the English Channel and 25 miles northwest of Amiens. EE VOLUTION AEY IilSTOEY. The county was the scene of many skirmishes in the revolutionary war, both with the Indians and the Tories. Ninety-Six, so called from its being ninety-six miles from Fort Prince George, then the frontier fort, was at the end of last cen- tury a place of considerable importance; it also bore the name of Cambridge, and is now a thriving village on the C. & G. Eailroad. It was noted during the revo- lution for being for a length of time the seat of war and consequently suffered much injury. The revolutionary Cambridge is located about half a mile from the jmesent lines ; war and time have, however, devoured it. - The siege of Ninety-Six is thus described : After the fighting at Camden, Gen. Green proceeded with the main army to Ninety-Six, which being a stronghold of great consequence was defended by a considerable British force. On the 23d May, 1781. they encamped in a wood within half a mile of the fort and began their op- erations. The approaches were gradually carried on against the enemy’s redoubts under the direction of Kosciusko. By his assiduity, though the ground was hard and the situation unfavorable, a third parallel within thirty yards of the ditch was completed on the 14th June, and a rifle battery, upwards of thirty feet high, was erected at the same distance. On the 17th the abatis was turned, and two trenches and a mine extended to within six feet of the ditch. Few sieges afford greater in- stances of perseverance or intrepidity, than were exhibited on this occasion, by besiegers and besieged. Biflemen were employed on both sides, who immediately i22 Town of Abbeville, levelled at every person who appeared in sight, and very seldom, missed their object. Various successes attended the conflicts between the several covering parties of the workmen, and those who repeatedly sallied from the garrison. The home army advanced their approaches very near that critical point, which makes further resistance on the part of a garrison appear like temerity. At this interesting moment intelligence was received that Lord Rawdon was near at hand with reinforcements of 2,000 men. The vicinity of the enemy made it necessary either to raise the seige or attempt the reduction of the place by a cotip-de-main. The last was agreed upon; and on the 18th June a vigorous assault was made with a flattering prospect of success. But the rapid approach of Rawdon induced Gen. Green to raise the seige and retreat over the Saluda River, after having lost about 150 men. By the division of the British army soon after, Green was enabled to engage that in possession of the upper section of the State, and the whole army was finally with- drawn to Orangeburg where Green followed them, engaging them in further action. A gentleman who visited the ground some years after the Revolution savs: “The shaft of the American mine was choked up. I had the clay dug away and went down with lighted torches and compass to trace its course. “First it ran south 20, east eight yards, then divided, the right south 45 west, and south 30 east; then south 50 east; in all 34 yards. This branch I traced above ground and found that it just reached the ditch of the redoubt. The left hand branch ran south 34, east 19 yards, in all 27 yards. I think it evident the Ameri- cans worked without a compass in their mine and thereby lost much time; both mines were entire, retaining all the marks of the hoe, but for some distance near the redoubt were half leg deep in water. The Americans would have soon blown up the redoubt had not the enemy been reinforced. When the English made their attack the miners were at work and some were killed. The principal British spring was exposed, but the Americans allowed women to come for water. It was found that the British soldiers availed themselves of this privilege; after which the Amer- icans found it necessary to fire at such as wore the female dress. The celebrated Kosciusko, the Polish patriot, was the engineer of the American works." Soon after the evacuation of Ninety-Six by the British, the place and the country around suffered considerably in consequence of the inroads of Cherokee Indians, who broke through their engagements of neutrality. Gen. Pickens collect- ed a party of militia and penetrated into the settlement of the Cherokees. At the head of 394 horsemen he accomplished in fourteen days the burning of thirteen towns and villages, killed upwards of forty Indians, and took many prisoners, not one of his party being killed and only two wounded. The exposed condition of this part of the country during the revolutionarv war subjected it to considerable loss; within the old boundaries of Ninety-Six district it has been computed by well informed persons that it contained within its limits 1,400 widows and orphans, made so by the war. Patrick Calhoun (the father of the great Nullifier) may be considered the pa- triarch of the upper country of South Carolina, and was highly distinguished in those critical and troublesome times when the first settlement had to be made. The Calhouns are supposed to be originally from Scotland, from where being staunch Calvinists they emigrated during the time of the religious persecution of that sect by the Anglican Church. From Donegal, Ireland, where no record of the family can be obtained prior to the end of the 17th century, James Calhoun is said to have emigrated in 1733, settling first in Pennsylvania, then in Virginia, and after Brad- dock's defeat the family moved to the mountainous regions of South Carolina. In 1770 Patrick Calhoun married Martha Caldwell, of Virginia, but a daughter of an Irish Presbyterian clergyman. Patrick Calhoun was the first representative from his section of the State and continued in this place 30 years. He suffered severe losses from the Indians, and was compelled in 1759 to abandon his settlement on Long Cane Creek and remove his family for a time into the Waxhaw settlements, Lancaster district, to avoid total destruction. The Cherokee Indians during State of South Carolina. 123 that period had commenced dreadful war on the frontier, which was not finally ter- minated until the treaty with France and Spain in 1763. Jno. Ewing Calhoun, (a nephew of Patrick) was the first person educated in the native woods of Carolina — he graduated from Princeton College. He was an emi- nent lawyer and died a Senator in Congress. Judge Ramsay was an able civilian; his remains lie in the village of Cambridge. General Andrew Pickens’ name stands conspicuous in the annals of the Revo- lutionary war, and his descendants have been little less distinguished in the history of our State and country. Gen. Robert Anderson was another famous patriot and soldier of the Revolution. General Williamson early in the revolution rendered eminent service to his country and belonged to this district. Also that zealous and brave officer. Col. Williams, who fell at the battle of King’s Mountain; indeed a very long list of rev- lutionary worthies came from this district. Among them may be mentioned Major Bowie, who at the breaking out of the war was the oldest captain in the service from this district; Lieut. -Col. Mayson, of Ninety-Six fame; Langdon Cheves, whose public services will never be forgotten, was a native of this district; also George McDuffie the statesman and orator. CIVIL WAR. Abbeville played a still more important part in the late civil war. If South Carolina can be called the “Secession State,” she is the Secession county. John Caldwell Calhoun, the “father” of Secession, the noble son of a widowed' mother, (his father died when he was a boy,) the distinguished student, the brilliant young legislator, a born leader of men, a man the virtue of whose home life defies the censure of the world — a notable contrast to that of his Presidential adversary — the Senator, the Secretary, Vice-President, the statesman whose ability forced the most Democratic and most progressive commonwealth in the universe to bend its knee and do homage to the idol of that “peculiar institution,” the keenest political logician the TTnited States has seen, was from this county. He was prepared for college by his brother-in-law, the Dr. Waddell hereafter spoken of. He married his cousin Floride Calhoun, whose brother James Edward, over 80 years of age is still the princely representative of the family, in the home of their fathers and lord of thousands of acres and miles of large rivers, with millions of dollars worth of waterpower. He is a bachelor, and is another remarkable instance of longevity in this county; he strides his horse like a youth of 20 summers; his cousin J. C., died without children. The family is, however, propagated by his brother’s projeny, one of whom is a prominent lawyer at the Abbeville bar. The Secession spirit, we say, was nurtured here; her sons were South Carolinian to the back-bone, many of them signed the deed of Secession. The first organized meeting in that cause was held on a small rising ground, to the south of the Courthouse. The last meeting of Jeff Davis’ ministers was held in Armsted Burts’ house, in the town of Abbeville. Here the Confederate Cabinet was dismissed, the President with a small body of horse crossing the Savannah River into Georgia, where he was soon after captured by the Union soldiers. The county’s record in the civil war is well known. She sent every son of her’s that could and many that were not able to bear arms. The only Indian name retained is that of Salutah or Saluda River. There did not exist much friendship between the early settlers and the Aborigines, as did in the low country, where we find a great number of Indian names retained. EDUCATION. That attention to education which was coeval with the existence of the settle- ment, has ever been prominently sustained in the county, and without invidious comparisons this is perhaps the most cultured community in the State. The Pres- byterian emigrants were remarkable for their care in this respect. Schools were instituted immediately on the location of families being made. John Ewing Cal- 124 Town of Abbeville, houn received the rudiments of his education at one of these schools. This county may be regarded as the original seat of learning in the up-country, and from it emanated that light and intelligence which manifested themselves previous and du- ring the revolution and civil war, and its voice thundered for the protection of citizens of the United States naturalized or American-born, when abroad, which was one of the causes of the war of 1812. A writer in the beginning of the century says about Abbeville: “The important subject of education is much attended to in the district, besides several respectable academies there are a number of frec-schools, supported by the liberality of the State, at an expense of §1,800 annually where from 250 to 430 poor children are educated.” Dr. Waddell’s school at Willington was consid- ered the best classical school in the State outside of Charleston. Dr. Smith, the President of Princeton College, N. J., used to say that he received no scholars from any section of the United States who stood a better examination than Dr. Waddell’s pupils. This gentleman afterwards became President of Athens College, Ga., and his son succeeded him at Willington. The doctor was a Presbyterian minister and had the peculiar fashion of giving his hearers a three hours sermon. In summer he would give them an hour between times for refreshment, but in winter he made them sit it out three long hours. He seemed to be singularly impressed with the idea of three hours being the necessary time for discourse; if before time was up he had exhausted the subject, he would console his audience with the fact that he’d make it up at next meeting; if the subject under discussion were not finished on time, he’d go on anyhow, promising them to allow for it next time. He was, how- ever a splendid classical scholar, and knew, moreover, how to impart his knowledge and make lessons interesting. Abbeville from that time, has never lost her repu- tation for learning. Cokesbury has educated governors, senators, judges and soldiers, and Due West stands in the front rank among the colleges of the South. The people are naturally a law-abiding class, and the principal religious denom- inations are represented; the Presbyterian and Methodist are the most numerous, though there are several Baptists and Episcopal churches. The county lies between the 34th and 35th parallel of latitude, and between 82d and 83d longitude. The climate of the county as the geology, is that of the Piedmont section, q. v. It resembles that of the south of France. The silk-worm flourishes and much silk has been manufactured. The diseases are of a mild char- acter. The longevity of the people is remarkable, many octogenarians, white and colored, and several persons over 90 years of age are here. The county has 25 towns and trading settlements, with 173 stores, distributed as follows; Abbeville Courthouse, 49; Greenwood, 21: Xinety-Six, 19; Hodges’, 15; Due West, 12; Troy, 10; Donaldsonville and McCormick, 7 each; Autre ville, 4: Calhoun's Mills, Cokesbury, Lowndesville, Mapleton and Xew Market, 3 each: Broadway, Simm’s and Yerdery, 2 each; Bold Branch, Bordeaux. Lulah. Millway, Mountain View, Phoenix and Sawney, 1 each. Of this number, 9 sell liquor, one hardware, five dry goods, 51 miscellaneous, and 107 general merchandise. The esti- mated wealth of the store keepers is 8681.000. ABBEVILLE COURT HOUSE. “The town of Abbeville, ’’says a writer in the beginning of the century, “is pleas- antly situated about the centre of the district of the same name, and its streets are laid out with a marked observance of regularity and beauty." Equally can we repeat these words to-day and since then many improvements have been made both in the style of buildings and regularity of streets. The courthouse square, where almost all the business houses are located, is large and laid out with a full view to conven- ience and expedition in handling the large quantity of farm produce that is annu- ally sold here. The courthouse situated in one corner is of course the most con- spicuous building, and is one of the finest and most imposing of the kind in the State, On three sides of it the various lawyers' offices nestle in quiet and dignified State oe South Carolina. 125 repose, and on the other side are located the prominent mercantile establishments. In its social and business relations it reflects in a concentrated manner all that we have said concerning the people and wealth of the county. Its private residences are built with a significant degree of taste, its streets are well laid out and there are many delightfully romantic walks and drives in the outskirts. It lies in hit. 34 deg., 13 min., 8 sec.; long. 1 deg., 5 min., 15 sec. West from Columbia, on a hill among the head waters of Long Cane, and is the terminus of a branch of the C. & G. Railroad, 12 miles long. In 1820 the population was 400, 1840 500, in 1850 1,252, in 1880 1,543, and now 1884 just about 1,600, according to the Mayor's re- ports. The voting population is 305. The value of real estate is given at $230,000 and personal property $345,000 ; total $575,000. There are two hotels, a large new one is being built and will be opened early in 1885, there are six churches, and a large graded school. The property tax is 15c on the $100, the road tax is two dol- lars per annum, or five days service. There are over forty stores which are chiefly of brick and rent for from $100 to $500 per year. The annual sales amount to some- what over half a million, and 15,000 bales of cotton are shipped annually to Charles- ton and Baltimore. There are eight saloons which each pay a license of $200 annually. A circus pays a license of $100 per day. Within the last five years pro- perty has increased 25 per cent, in value. The merchants of the town in keeping with the general community are men of high tone and honesty. AGRICULTURAL. Abbeville with 88,727 acres planted in cotton in 1882 has the largest cot- ton area of any county in the State, giving 30,600 bales. She has 49,397 acres in com, 743,624 bush in barley, 268 acres raised 3,670 bushels; oats, 25,312 acres, raised 709,336 bushels; rye, 44 acres, raised 177 bushels; wheat, 15,366 acres, 158,140 bushels; one of the three largest producing counties in this cereal; rice, 20 acres, raised 16,580 pounds; sorghum, 1,211 acres, 82,348 gallons, which is the highest yield of all the counties; sugar cane, 125 acres, raised 4,375 gallons; sweet potatoes, 488 acres, raised 45,384 bushels; Irish potatoes, 143 acres, raised 21.736 bushels; peas, 1,213 acres, raised 18,195 bushels; market gardens, 110; honey, 20,880 pounds; wax 1,348 pounds; milk, 206 gallons sold; butter. 266,933 pounds made; cheese, 1,685 pounds made; poultry, 64,353 raised; eggs, 155,657 dozen. In 1881 98 pounds of lint cotton was made to the acre, in 1882 the yield was 178 pounds. Fertilizers used 1882, in tons — ammoniated 435; acid phosphate, 1,383; kainit, 40; chemicals, 118; total, 1,976; tons used in composting 711. Amount of farm supplies purchased was $648,648, and the amount on time was $480,000. Cash and time selling price of corn $1.09 and $1.38 per bushel; bacon, 10 and 14 cents per pound; flour, $8.00 and $11.00 per barrel; meal, $1.15 and $1.44 per bushel; hay, $1.68 and $2.17 per 100 pounds. There are in the county 125 reapers, 10 sulky ploughs, guano distributors uni- versally used, 275 harrows, 4 stump pullers, 75 steam engines on farms with a total horse power of 600. Wages paid to farm laborers range from $6 to $10 per month, with board, for males; very few females employed. Field labor is about one-third white and two- thirds colored. The system of labor most in use is the share system. The land owner furnishes land, stock, tools, etc., and gives the laborer from ^ to ^ of the crop when gathered, the laborer providing for himself. Cost of producing a pound of merchantable cotton is 8 cents on a 500 pound bale; this includes capital invested. A very small proportion of the farms, about 10 per cent, are worked by whites; these are mostly small farms and succeed. About are worked by colored people who are improvident and do not succeed well. 126 Town of Abbeville, The larger proportion is owned and controlled by whites and worked bv hired labor. Average yield per acre is: lint cotton, 178 pounds; corn, 10 bushels; oats 171- bushels; wheat, 7 bushels; rye and barley, 12£ bushels; sweet potatoes, 75 bushels; peas, 8 bushels; high land rice, 17 bushels. LAND. The average price of land for sale is from $5 to $6 per acre, and for those able to “hold” there is a big opportunity in land speculation, as Abbeville’s boom is yet to come and is not far distant. Some parties are anxious to get white farmers to settle on their land and would be willing to give permanent settlers very fair terms. STOCK. Work oxen, 851; milch cows, 4,999; other cattle, 7,321: sheep, 5,168 head: lambs, 1,801 head; wool, 10,487 pounds; the African Broad tail, Cotswold and Merino are best adapted to this locality. The natives crossed to Cotswold. Merino and Broad tails are the principal breeds now raised. About one-half the lambs raised are sold in Charleston and Augusta. The early lambs sell for about $2.00; later, $1.50 to $1.75. Grass is the only feed used except in hard winters, when a little oats and cotton seed is given. Cost of raising is about 65 cents annually per head; average cost of raising a pound of wool is 10 cents, price obtained is about 30 cents for unwashed; average price of mutton per head is about $2.25; swine, in stock, 14,787 head. There are 2,356 horses, average value $68.34, and mules 3,165, average value $67.75. Farmers are giving more attention to stock than formerly, and the number increases annually. MANUFACTURES ANT) MINES— 1884. There are 70 manufacturing establishments, consisting of plough, grist and lumber mills, wagon and carriage factories, brick yards, etc., capital employed, $161,500; value of annual product, $274,800; employees, 156 whites. 128 colored. There are no cotton mills in the county though the water-powers on the Savan- nah River are abundant; there are some half-a-dozen .-hoals, among the finest in the South; one having available horse-power of 21,750 maximum, with storage and minimum 9,165; is the second in the State; they are valued at $1,000,000, and offer a splendid field to men of capital and experience in cotton milling. The Savannah Valley Railroad passes within two miles of them. There are 25 flour and 7 grist mills; 21 lumber mills, employing 105 hands and 102 mules and oxen: capital is from $40,000 to $45,000, and product $65,000 to $75,000 annually. Average in- crease in this business for the last few years has been about 20 per cent. There is a capital of $39,000 invested in carriage and wagon and brick making, and employing 105 hands; the value of annual product being $95,000. Hard iumber suitable for coach and wagon building, such as hickory, ash, white oak, Spanish oak, and also poplar abound in the county. Considerable quantities of black walnut suitable for coach and furniture making is also found. There are several gold mines in the county but none at present are being worked. The county embraces 634,880 acres. Assessed value of property. $5,042,765. Real estate not in towns and villages — arable lands, 195,892 acres, value $1,304,- 050; meadow and pasture lands, 301.486, value $473,465: wood and marsh lands. 100,613 acres, value $539,005; buildings, 1,791, value $234,595; total acres. 597,991; value $2,316,520; average value per acre $3.87. Total value of real estate. $2,551,115. Real estate in towns and villages, 617,500. Total value of all taxable personal . property, $1,588,430. Per capita, $37.44; per white capita, $116.03. State of South Oaeoliha. i2t Railroad property — Aug. & Knoxville, 26 miles, $169,987. C. & G., 43 T ^- miles, $491,050. County taxes in mills — State tax, 4f; school tax, 2; ordinary county, 3; past indebtedness, total, 9|J — one of the half-dozen lightest taxed counties in the State. POPULATION. The population of the county has increased but little except in the last decade. The following are the results according to the United States census: 1790, 9,197; 1800, 13,553, of which 2,964 were slaves; 1810, 21,156; lb20, 23,167, of which 9,615 were slaves and 252 free blacks; 1830, 28,149; 1840, 29,351; 1850, 32,318; 1860, 32,385; 1870, 31,129; 1880, 40,815; it stands second in number of inhabi- tants among the counties of the State, Charleston being first. There are hut a few persons of foreign birth and almost none of them laborers. The people are generally well off, the poor returns are among the lowest in the State, and the credit of merchants is good. BOOTS, SHOES, TRUNKS I VALISES. AT LOW PRICES. 250 KING STREET, CHARLESTON, S. C. REPRESENTATIVE HOUSES AND PROMINENT MEN -OF- ABBEVILLE, S. C. JUDGE SAMUEL McCOWAN. This is a name which requires no qualifying appellations to recall to the world's remembrance the brilliant deeds woven in its earlier history, or to exemplify the august issues of its maturer age, for while its mention awakens the purest passions in every Southern heart, reverberating in admonitary strains on Northern breasts, its non retrogressive and ever progressive life is an example of what man can achieve by a uniform observation of right, a stern conviction of always being on the side of truth, backed by an indomitable will and belief that success must ultimately be the goal of effort. Samuel McGowan was born on his father’s plantation, in Laurens County. S.C.. 9th October, 1819; his parents were of Scotch-Irish descent, having emigrated with their family while quite young, from Antrim, Ireland. He was the second child in a family of 8, 4 boys and 4 girls, the eldest being a boy. He received his earlier education at the county schools, afterwards at Greenwood Academy, Abbeville Co., and entered South Carolina College, where he continued to show that assiduity in his studies which has through life distinguished him, and in 1841 graduated from here second appointment in his class, Prof. Rivers, of Baltimore, taking the first place. He then commenced and diligently pursued the study of that abstruse science, in the practice of which he has gained unexampled success, with Col. T. C. Perrin, of Abbeville, and was admitted to the Supreme Court of the State in the fall of 1842. He practiced law in partnership with his preceptor till the outbreak of the Mexican war when he joined the famous Palmetto Regimeut, being soon ap- pointed to the place of Assistant Quartermaster, attached to Gen. Twigg’s Second Division, He served all through the war from Vera Cruz to Pueblo, being volun- teer aide of Gen. Quitman, at Chepultepec and the Garreta del Bellen, where he was hit, and at the close the government wished to brevet him as Major, but this he declined. Returning to Abbeville he continued the practice of his profession for a few years with Col. Perrin, and then with his brother, Alexander Hamilton, as McGowan & McGowan. The outbreak of the civil war found him in possession of a considerable fortune, amassed solely by his own energies, an extensive practice and a name recognized as that of the ablest lawyers of our State. Unmindful of these advantages, those for- tunes and this immediate happiness, so hardly won. so dearly bought, the Great Cause, whose ablest defendant and most powerful advocate indeed was born, reared and lived in this very county, awakened in his breast emotions which only such whose constitutional rights, whose liberties, whose firesides, whose women, whose all what they possessed or enjoyed from their earliest days have been assailed can conceive, and the call of his country to decide in the field what had been, by sec- State oe South Carolina. 129 tionalism and party ascendancy, outvoted at the ballot-box was to him as the voice of God. On April, 1861, he was appointed Brigadier-General of State troops by Gov. Pickens — was thus one of the first four Generals from the State — and at the fall of Fort Sumter commanded his brigade, made up of four regiments. His commission lapsing by the transferral of his command to Confederate service, he joined Briga- dier-General Bonham as aide-de-camp and served with him at First Manassas. He then returned home and was at once elected Confederate Lieut. -Colonel of the 14th Regiment, and in the spring of 1862, by the resignation of Col. Jones he was pro- moted to the Colonelcy, succeeding to the command of the brigade, being promoted over his seniors, Col. Edwards of the Thirteenth, and Col. Hamilton of the First, on Gregg’s death at Fredericksburg, in December, 1862. As Brigadier-General in the Provisional Army of the Confederate States the General’s glittering record is too well known to require comment at our hands. His memorable career is traced in every engagement along the lines of the James and Potomac, from the brilliant Con- federate victories around the Rappahannock to Lee’s final surrender; he saw the first gun fired on Fort Sumter, and the roar of battle, the cries of the wounded and the dying, and the yells of the victorious were around him till at Appomattox Court- house his men were among the last ordered to stop firing. He was wounded no less than five times, at Gaines’ Mill, Second Manassas, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Spottsyl vania. He was recommended for promotion for his gallant and effi- cient services in the battles around Richmond, Cold Harbor and Malvern Hill. Gen. Gregg in his official report of the battle of Cold Harbor, says: “The 14th Regiment, Col. McGowan arrived on the field at the moment it was so greatly needed. Stopping the fire of Crenshaw battery for a short time to allow a passage through the guns I ordered the 14th forward. Tired as they were bv two days and three nights of outpost duty, and by a rapid march under a burning sun, they "recov- ered strength at once and advanced with a cheer, at the double-quick. Leading his regiment to the right of the 13th and across the hollow. Col. McGowan arrived just in time to repulse the advancing enemy, and prevent them from establishing a bat- tery on the edge of the open ground on the brow of the hill. The 14th maintained its position gallantly till the end of the battle.” Readers who at your cheerful fireside enjoy that peace, happiness and freedom to gain which so much noble blood was spilt, so many gallant unrecorded deeds were wrought, I leave it to your own imagination to conceive, to your own mind to judge, what glory you will accord to one, who with unflinching bravery while he was ever foremost in the victories of the Confederate arms,- in the advancement of that cause, so dear to every Southern heart, and holding in his hand the lives and fortunes of so many beings, was, with that cool collectiveness and ability to grasp the minutest details characteristic of all great generals, not unmindful of the dangers and diffi- culties which beset the movements of his men, and at no time forgetful of the requirements, wants and comforts of the wounded soldier. That he is appointed a place among those whose names grace the pages of American history generations will relate. Pronounced as has been his life as a soldier, equally exultant is his career as a politician, and still more triumphant his victory as a lawyer. Going back to his earlier days we find him in 1844 participating in a duel with Col. John Cunningham, of Charleston, and in it was severely wounded, and from 1850 till the war was Major-General of the 1st Division of South Carolina Militia. In the political arena he was not forgotten by the people. He was many times In- tendant of the the town of Abbeville, and in 1850 was elected to the Legislature, being re-elected six terms successively, only resigning when engaged in the war. As a member of the House he took a leading and conspicuous part in all its pro- ceedings, and was ever active in furthering those motions and laws which have since given the greatest benefits to the greatest number. The fact that he for five years was chairman of the military committee, the duties of which in attending to the State Military Academy were perhaps the most numerous and difficult attached to 130 'Town of Abbeville, any similar office, and that for the next five years he held the responsible place of chairman of the committee on education, and in virtue thereof ex-officio trustee of the South Carolina College, is enough to show to our readers, how also in this phase of his career he was distinguished and marked among his contemporaries. After the war he returned to Abbeville to find himself deprived of everything but the house and land lie possessed. This he afterwards sold and bought his present dwelling, where with his family he has since lived in happiness. He commenced practicing again and at once found that in the proportion his material wealth had been lost his good name was augmented, and his business soon extended even be- yond its old limits, and in 1869 he formed a partnership with Mr. Parker, with whom he was till elected to the Supreme Bench. Among the many important and difficult cases he has, against the greatest odds, conducted to successful issue, the following are perhaps worthy of special mention: Chevis vs. Haskell, on the con- struction of Judge Chevis’ will, involving property amounting to 8100,000 in value; Cloud vs. Calhoun, on a deed of gift of negroes before marriage, establishing the validity of the marriage settlement; LeMare vs. Reed, on the right of title to forty negroes. The General was elected to Congress from the Third District of South Caro- lina, but was not allowed to take his seat. In 1876 he was elector at large for Til- den and Hendricks, and along with his colleague. Major Barker, really carried the State, though counted for Hayes. In 1878 he was returned to the Legislature and was at once appointed chairman of tire judiciary committee, filling this trust till December, 1879, when he was elected to the Supreme Bench of the State, for the unexpired term of Judge Haskell, and in 1887 was re-elected. Eloquent as a speaker, versed in all the principles, rules and forms of law. a close and correct observer of men and things, a man of varied experience and many attainments, he has few equals as a judge in any State in our Union. At the zenith of his fame few men can look back on their lives with snch contentment, fewer still with such pride, for since he put his first foot upon the lowest step of the ladder he has continued to advance to the greatest honors our State can confer, and should lie be called to fill a higher pinnacle of legal greatness his history will show that he is suited to perform the most responsible functions which may devolve upon him. At home in the little town of Abbeville, the General is as much beloved for his liberal-mindedness and large-heartedness, as his is honored abroad for his talent and power, and for the benefit of those who have not come in personal contact with him. we may say he is possessed of those qualities of easy manner, grace and affability, peculiar to the truly great, the only noble. He married on the 2d January, 1851, Susan Caroline Ward law. the daughter of Judge D. L. Wardlaw, one of the oldest families in the county, as loved as her loss was mourned, by whom he has three surviving children, two daughters and one son. W. H. PARKER. One of the oldest practising lawyers in Abbeville, was born 1st January. 1828. in this county, and received his early education in the well known schools of Allen. Burns and Coats, at Charleston, and afterwards at South Carolina College, from where he graduated in 1816. sixth honor in a class of 32. He then commenced reading law in the office of Judge Thompson and was a diligent and laborious stu- dent, and was admitted to the bar in December, 1840, since which date he has been engaged in civil practice, being associated with Hon. Armisted Burt, from 1852 to 1855, and with Judge McGowan from 1869 to 1880. with results of a satisfactory character, and was in that time interested in many important suits. A well-read lawyer, Mr. Parker is diligent and laborious in the preparation of his ca^es and ear- nest in advocating the interests of his clients. He was Commissioner in Equity from 1855 to 1869, and later was a member of the commission appointed to make a digest of the recent statutes instituted on the refraining of the State, his accurate knowledge of the law specially fitting him for those positions. In the late war he State oe South Carolina. 131 did service for 12 months as Adjutant 19th South Carolina, Col. Lythgo, Bragg’s Division in the West. As a politician, Mr. Parker has also taken an active part and represented this county in the Legislature in 1880 and 1881, and was again elected after a hard fight on the University question, in 1882. In the House he was a mem- ber of the judiciary committee and chairman of the incorporations committee, and has always been active in promoting all measures instituted for the public good. He is a Mason, Past Master Royal Arch and Council. W. C. BENET, Lawyer. This is a name of one prominent in our State, not only on account of his great success as a lawyer and powers as an advocate, but because of the conspicuous part he has played in many great questions which have in these later years come before the public for discussion. Born in Scotland, a country whose sons have made their mark and had an influence on many of the greatest phases of the world’s history, he has not been behind in showing himself possessed of these innate talents, which have distinguished his compatriots from their earliest times. He was educated at Dollar Academy and took the full arts course at Edinboro’ University, versing him- self in all the learning of ancient and modern nations, and studying with that zeal and hard work by which only great gifts can be developed into useful powers. Leav- ing the land of the Stuarts in 1868, he settled in South Carolina and Abbeville county, where his learning soon gained for him a place in this the most cultured so- ciety of the most polished State in the Union, and stamped him as one of the best instructors that they had yet seen. He afterwards studied law with Judge Thomp- son, and was admitted to the bar in 1876, and to the Supreme Courts in 1880. Among the many difficult and trying cases he has conducted against the greatest odds to triumphant results may be more especially mentioned the railroad suit, which after a four years struggle, he carried against the expressed opinion of all the expe- rienced heads at the State bar, to the Supreme Court, won it and established that the claim of a passenger injured in an accident held a prior lien to mortgages, and to be paid out of the fund of earnings in the hands of the Receiver. This was the first case of its kind gained in the United States, and called forth compliments and congratulations from the profession and the press. The case of Jeff. David, ac- cused of murder, condemned ten times to the full punishment of the law, and once on the scaffold with the rope round his neck, was perhaps the most brilliant victory in a criminal’s defence that has been recorded in the annals of the bar. Success was due to that indomitable fortitude that a stern conviction of being in the right, characteristic of the subject of our sketch, can only give. These two cases, carried on about the same time, the latter costing him hundreds of dollars, placed Mr. Benet in the front rank of the bar in South Carolina. As an advocate of the true systems of education, he holds a no less conspicuous place. Interested in it since his youngest days, he has been a leading member of the Board of Examiners for several years, and has delivered many of the annual addresses at the exhibitions of the educational institutions of the State, including Due West and Furman Universities. Among his many attainments in the ‘‘Belles Lettres,” the pamphlet published in 1880 on “Americanisms,” attracted great attention. At home he has taken an active part in all measures instituted for the people’s welfare. He created the Abbeville Literary Club, which in its selection of period- icals, and as a means of bringing together scholars for social intercourse, has no equal in this State and few in the United States. He has recently been elected Presidential Elector for the Third District of South Carolina. EUGENE B. CARY, Lawyer. Abbeville, whose lawyers have always held a prominent place at the bar of South Carolina, to-day does not lack able minds which make her name courted and 132 Town of Abbeville, revered in the tribunals of our State. Conspicuous among those is the subject of our sketch, who but still a young man, enjoys a standing at the bar possessed by few, surpassed by none. Eugene B. Gary, son of Dr. F. F. Gary, nephew of Gen. Mart. Gary, was born in Abbeville and finished a splendid course of education by graduating from South Carolina University in 1872. He was for a year principal of Hodges Academy, and commenced and pursued the study of law in the office of Gen. M. W. Gary, in Edgefield, and was admitted to the bar in September, 1875, at Laurens. He immediately commenced practising, and from the beginning and a keen method of seeing through men's saying and doings, brought him into the front rank and now lie has, perhaps the largest practice in this county. Space only allows us here to briefly mention one or two of the many difficult and momentous cases he has com- bated with success in the Supreme Courts, otherwise we might recite incidents to be read with profit by both young and old lawyers. Among them we may note: Allen vs. Allen, on the distribution of an estate of 164,000; of Warren vs. Lagrone as to the effect of military orders; Godbold vs. Vance, Mars vs. Virginia Insurance Co., Crawford vs. Crawford, and many others, all involving intricate questions and evoking telling and superb arguments which carried the victory. He also had the case of the State vs. McGreer, settling the law in this State in regard to self-defence, and of the State vs. Myers, which was the first case in this State where there was an appeal from a verdict of manslaughter. He was attorney for the Hon. D. Wyatt Aiken, when he contested his seat in Congress, in the United States District Courts and won it, and nominated him for re-election in 1882, at the Anderson convention. In political circles, Mr. Gary has always taken active interest and is one of the most influential members of the Democratic party in this county, espousing with zeal and earnestness every motion brought forward for the party's good, and oppos- ing with equal ardour, all measures which may tend to reduce the strength of the Democratic combination. In 1876 he wrote the first article that appeared in the papers of this county in behalf of Straight Out Democracy. In 1882 he was elected county chairman, not- withstanding the strong and intelligent opposition of Hon. J. C. Maxwell, Senator from the county, and has since filled the post with honor. In August, 1882. at the State Convention, he was elected to a place on the State Democratic Executive Committee. Mr. Gary is likewise a member of the Masonic Order, belongs to Clinton Lodge, No. 3, and is a Royal Arch, Council and Master Mason. Deservedly one of the most popular men in our county, with a large circle of friends he holds a position, both as a professional man and citizen, that makes him at once a necessary and im- portant factor in the public welfare, and a weighty and ascendant member of the community. WHITE BROTHERS, General Merchandise, and Shippers of Cotton. In a town of the nature and size of Abbeville there are houses by their enter- prise, economy and power of discerning the future which have tended in a great measure to foster, build up and increase its importance as a centre of supply, and which collectively may be classed as the pillars of its financial solidity. Prominent among and perhaps standing at the head of these is the house of White Bros., which was established in 1865 as White, Smith & Co., the name being afterwards changed to White, Smith & White. In 1872 Messrs. White having bought Mr. Smith's in- terest, the present style name was adopted. The premises occupied, in the centre of business activity in town, consist of a handsome 2 -story brick structure, erected before the war, which is divided into two stores, each 24x80 feet in dimensions, well arranged and admirably adapted for conducting the large trade being constant- ly carried on. In the one store, the grocery department, contains a full supply of teas, coflees, sugars, spices, butter, cheese, country produce, canned meats and fruit, flour and feed, table delicacies, and in fact all classes of merchandise used in any way for nourishment of man or beast; a complete line of hardware, including State of South Carolina. 133 iron, steel, metals, carriage and blacksmith’s supplies, nails, cordage, and the latest patterns in agricultural implements, farmers and plantation supplies generally. In the dry goods store the best woolen goods of foreign and domestic manufacture, cotton and white, gents furnishing, dress goods, notions, etc., are kept, and a varied assortment of ladies, gents' and children's boots and shoes in sizes to suit all wear- ers. In fact there is almost nothing in the wide domain of merchandise, however small or unique, however large or ordinary, that cannot be obtained at this estab- lishment at market prices. The institution requires a force of seven assistants and clerks to accommodate the trade which ramifies all through this county and into Edgefield and Anderson. Their stock will run in value from $20,000 to $35,000, according to the season. In cotton they do about the largest business in the county, handling 3,000 bales annually, and make liberal advances on liens. The members of this prosperous house, Messrs. L. W. and Geo. White, are both natives of the county. In the late war they served the Confederate Cause, being present at many leading battles in Virginia, North Carolina and this State. From its inception this house has been identified with the growth and advancement of this community, and has always enjoyed a high reputation for liberal dealing, strict integrity and financial solidity, and with a business from $110,000 to $120,000 annually, it may be safely said to have few superiors in this State. ELLIS C. GRAYDON, Mayor. Was born in this county 24th August. 1852. He received his earlier education at Cokesbury, and afterwards at South Carolina University, taking first honors in Latin and Greek. He left here in 1872, taught school two years, and in ’75 and ’76 studied law at the University of Virginia. He ivas, in 1876 admitted to practice in the Circuit and three years later to the Supreme Court of the State. Among the many important cases he has successfully conducted may be more especially men- tioned that of Geo. W. Williams vs. Vance, on appropriations of payment and liquidated damages, and of Davenport vs. Caldwell, establishing 1 hat the Probate Court had no jurisdiction in actions for partition of land. In criminal cases that of the State vs. Lamson, for burglary, and of State vs. McLung and Martin, for mur- der, in both of which he got the accused acquitted. In 1877, he was appointed by the Governor special Judge to hear and decide the case of Barrett vs. t ochran, in accordance with the provision of the State constitution, the presiding judge having been of counsel in the case. He was elected Intendant of the town in 1882 and 1883 unopposed, and as an economical and efficient Mayor prominent citizens say that in their knowledge there has never been such a good administration. When he first came into office the town was over $100 in debt, the rate of taxation on property was two mills, and the capitation tax for road duty three dollars. By judicious management the rate of taxation has been reduced to 14 mills, the road duty to two dollars, and notwith- standing, the income has been increased from $2,000 to $3,500 per annum, the town is out of debt, has a large surplus in the treasury, and withal $2,500 worth of per- manent improvements have been made. Being a man of wide knowledge, a correct, cluseand methodical thinker, Mr. Graydon is excellently suited for the post of Chief Executive. He is at present treasurer of the local Masonic Lodge and Master Mason in the Blue Lodge. W. JOEL SMITH & SON., General Merchandise and Cotton Buyers. Among the representative houses in this county, the above takes a leading and most prominent place and is conducted on a basis that places it on a par with simi- lar establishments throughout the State. It was originally founded ill 1873, as DuPre & Smith, the latter having been, since the war, one of the firm of White, Smith & Co., who on_26th September, 1865, received the first goods landed here 134 Town of Abbeville, after the war. In 1875 they dissolved, the business being carried on by Mr. W. J. Smith alone, till 1878, when he took his son into partnership, the house continuing its prosperous career under its present style, and has increased its transactions and exercises a most important and salutary influence upon local trade generally. Thev occupy two stores adjacent to one another, both 24x80 feet in dimensions, spacious and well arranged for expeditiously carrying out their numerous engagements. One is confined more particularly to dry goods, the stock which is varied and complete containing the best productions of foreign and domestic mills, fancy dress goods, notions, gents’ furnishing, white goods, etc., latest styles in ladies’, gents’ and chil- dren’s shoes, newest fashions in ha ts and caps. The other or grocery store, has like- wise a varied assortment of all kinds of groceries and provisions, fresh from manu- facturers and first hands, and a full line of hardware, agricultural implements and general farmers and plantation supplies. The stock thus including everything ordinarily used in the habitations of civilized man. can be relied upon as being of first quality, is retailed for exactly what is represented to be. and will average in value $25,000. The business, which is large, extending all over this county, calls into requisition the services of six competent hands and a wagon. As cotton buvers. they make liberal advances on liens, and handle in an average season about 2,500 bales. The senior partner of the firm, Mr. IV. J. Smith, is a native of Abbe- ville county, and in the late war did service for the Confederate cause, being in Virginia with Orr’s Rifles, in McGowan's Brigade, as Quartermaster-Sergeant. His son, Mr. J. Allen Smith, is also born in Abbeville. Honest merchants, respected and useful citizens, their house, which does a business of over 880. non annually, may well be regarded as one of the bulwarks of commercial solid! r v in this county and one of the examples of what can be achieved by fair dealing and correct representations in any mercantile centre. COL. ORVILLE T. CALHOUN, Lawyer, Grand-nephew of the illustrious champion of Southern rights, was born in Alabama, and came to this county with his family when only a year old. He was educated at the Georgia Military Institute, and when 15 years old was present with the cadets at the siege of Atlanta. He was later at Hillsboro’ Academy, X. C., and served in the Kemper command in artillery, some time on the coast, being present at the Hillsboro’ surrender. He then studied two years with the Rev. D. R. Miles, entered the First National Bank remaining there three years. He moved West to St. Louis, returned to Atlanta and was engaged in the insurance business till coming to Abbeville, the home of his fathers, in 1872. He now turned his attention to law and pursued its study with Perrin X Cothran, and was admitted in 1874. He taught school three years, and in 1877 commenced the practice, and in 1879 was admitted to the Supreme Court; and also practices in the L'nited States Court at Greenville. Being a well read lawyer of varied attainments, and by care- ful attention to his clients interest he has gained the confidence of the public, and does a practice extending all over this and into the counties of Anderson and Oconee. Mr. Calhoun has already defended no less than seven men accused of murder, and got them all acquitted. The case of the State vs. Charley Pepper, Jno Young and Joe Armstrong is the most remarkable one of strong positive and cir- cumstantial evidence, where the prisoner was acquitted, ever tried at the Abbeville bar; it came up three times, two mis-trials, on each of which the jury remained in the jury-room 12 or 15 hours. Two days were consumed and 100 witnesses were ex- amined on part of the State and defence on each trial. Mr. Calhoun conducted it against J. Lawrence Orr, assisted by T. P. Cothran, on the first two. and W. C. Benet on the third. The State vs. Myers, in which he was engaged, was lost in the Circuit and in being appealed was the first case of manslaughter carried to the Supreme Court; a new trial was granted and acquittal was obtained on its second appearance before the Circuit Court. Possessed of those innate talents which make StATE of South Carolina. 135 a good lawyer. Col. Callioun is personally popular and well merits the distinction he has obtained at the bar. He was Colonel on Gov. Hagood’s staff during his admin- istration. F. F. CARY, M. D. As this name has been made famous in military history by Gen. Mart. Gary, so has it been not less distinguished in professional life in the person of his elder brother, Dr. F. F. Gary, of Abbeville. The doctor was born at Cokes- bury, Abbeville county, and was educated at Cokesbury Conference School, grad- uating from it in 1849. He commenced the study of that art preservative of Nature’s greatest work, as pupil of Dr. Norwood, of varatrurn viride fame, at Cokesbury, continuing at Jefferson Medical College, Philada., from which he received his M. D., in 1851. He immediately commenced the practice of his profession at Cokesbury, Abbeville county, and the outbreak of the war found him master of a large practice. He volunteered his sendees as Surgeon, and was attached to the First South Carolina Regiment as Chief Surgeon, with the rank of Colonel. Returning home after the war, he resumed his practice. To-day his name is a household word in the hamlets and mansions of our broad land, and he lias stood as one of the leading and most widely known physicians in South Caro- lina for many years. He has been the recipient of the highest honors the profession can bestow; was President of the Abbeville County Medical Association, in 1880 and 1881, and President of the State Medical Society in 1882, and is likewise a member of the National Medical Association. He is chairman of the State Board of Health, and was a chosen delegate to the World’s Health Congress, at Geneva, in 1883. In political life the doctor has also taken a conspicuous part, was elected to the Legislature in 1880, and re-elected in 1882. In the House he was the first to open the railroad bill against the railway commission, and is the chairman of the committee on medical affairs. He is also a high Mason, has ever had a deep interest in their doings and is Past Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter of the State. He was six years a Director in the Columbia & Greenville Railroad. Though continually busied with the many duties incumbent upon his practice and official life, he has found time to prepare contributions to literature, and chief among them may be mentioned his Reports on Forestry for the State, and his Med- ical Topography of South Carolina. A conspicuous figure in public life, he is no less respected at home, enjoying the confidence of a large circle of friends as a phy- sician. The Gary family originally emigrated from England to Virginia, from thence to Newberry, S. C.. where they scattered. They are descended on the maternal side from the Witherspoons, of Scotland, one of whom was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and President of Princeton College, and eight generations have lived in this county. Their name is conspicuous in the late war; six brothers — one Major General, three Colonels, including two Surgeons, one Major and a Captain — did gallant service for the Confederate cause. Brigadier-General Evans being also a brother-in-law, and it was at their mother’s house, at Cokesbury. that the Presi- dent of the Confederacy and his Cabinet held their second last meeting. CAPTAIN JOHN H. CARY. [ Newspaper extract on another of the sons of this family.] ‘‘South Carolina has reason to be proud of her youths, especially as they are rep- resented in the students of her college and the cadets of her military institutions. Taught all of them to prize honor far more dearly than life; brave, truthful, im- pulsive and full of State pride, we might challenge any country to show a body of young men superior to them in all the qualities that constitute manhood. Of these youths Capt. Jno. H. Gary was one of the noblest types. He was the son of Dr. Tlios. R. Gary, of Abbeville, and was born on the 17th August, 1840, in the village of Cokesbury. At the commencement of the war he had been just graduated with distinction at Columbia College, where, also, his fine qualities had won for him the 136 Town of Abbeville, position of Captain of the College Cadets. These young soldiers were under his command when they took part in the siege of Sumter. On the 6th June, 1861. he was appointed by General Evans, his brother-in-law, Second Lieutenant in Lucas’ Battalion of Artillery, was subsequently promoted to First Lieutenant, and on the 3d of January, 1862, was made Captain of Company A. In the course of his brief career he displayed the greatest efficiency as a soldier, and gave the highest satis- faction to his commanders. He commanded the batteries at Grimball’s, where he assisted materially in the capture of the Isaac R. Smith, and shared in the obstinate defence of Fort Wagner, from the 19th July to the 3d of August. On the 11th of August, he was sent back to Wagner, where, on the next day, while in command of the guns on the land face, he received the wound which resulted in his death on the 17th. He was just permitted to complete his twenty-third year. Brave as his own sword — of a force of character singular in one so young — an enthusiast, both as a soldier and a patriot, vet. withal as gentle as a girl — Captain Gary will not soon be forgotten by his friends, his State or his country.” W. A. LEE, Lawyer. Mr. Lee, one of the best known of Abbeville’s lawyers, can look with pride and pleasure over an active career of half a century. Born on John’s Island in 1S26. he finished his education at Erskine College, where he graduated in 1843. He taught school for some time and meanwhile devoted considerable time to the study of law. which he afterwards pursued in the office of Thos. Thompson, being admitted to the bar in 1847, at Columbia. He then comm need the practice of his profession in this town. For many years his firm was known as Martin & Lee, afterwards as Marshall & Lee, then Marshall, Lee & DeBruhl, and still later as Orr & Lee. He now practices in partnership with Mr. Blake who attends to the affairs of the firm in Greenwood. His specialty is real estate law, but his knowledge in all branches of the profession is admittedly profound. Apart from his law business Mr. Lee has also been engaged in other lines. For 20 years he edited the Press and Banner, which was then one of the leading journals of this section. In polities he also played his part, and before the war was elected to the Legislature for the unexpired term of Col. Perrin. In 1865 he was a member of the convention and in 1865-66 held a seat in the House of Representatives. In the late war he served in Virginia as Lieu- tenant in the Second Rifles, in Bratton’s Brigade. Mr. Lee in devoting dimself to business is a credit alike to the community and the profession. R. M. HADDON & CO., Millinery, Dress Goods, Etc. The above house, established in 1877. has continued to grow till it takes a leading part in the march of progress in the upper part of the State. The premises are spacious and well adapted to business, 18x80 feet, and the stock averaging from 810,000 to 815,000 is neatly arranged in the various handsome show cases and on the long counters. The millinery goods are exquisite, and this branch alone would give the house an enviable reputation. To it is added dress goods and trimmings, buf- flings, laces, hosiery, gloves, etc.; and also, ladies and childrens fine shoes. The trade, which extends over the State and into Georgia, is rapidly increasing and necessitates the employment of six competent hands. Mr. R. M. Haddon, the head of the firm, is a native of Abbeville and one of her most wide-awake business men. In the war he served in the State troops and is a member of the Knights of Honor. He is ably assisted by Mrs. Haddon. his wife and partner, in the various duties incumbent on such a large business. Mrs. Haddon was born and raised in Springfield, Va. ; was left an orphan when quite young, both parents dying before she was six years old. She had two brothers to who she was devoted. At the breaking out of the war, or soon after, they volunteered and went into the Confed- State op South Carolina. i37 erate army; were members of “Stonewall” Jackson’s brigade, aged 14 and 16 years. One was killed at the second battle of Bull’s Bun, the other died soon after in Richmond. Their property was all swept away, and she, Mrs. H., was left home- less and penniless in the world. Having too proud a heart to accept the charity of her friends, she at once went to Baltimore to learn the millinery trade or business, by which she could make her own living. After paying her board for IS months and working for nothing, she soon realized that her efforts had not been in vain. From Baltimore she came to Abbeville. Although she is Southern in birth and in principle; she is proud to be- long to that noble army of working women who are proving themselves a blessing to the American people. CUNNINGHAM & TEMPLETON, General Merchants. This house was founded in 1871, as White, Hill & Cunningham, who were suc- ceeded by Cunningham & Hill, and that again by the present firm in 1874. Their store, a handsome 2-story brick one, 22x80 feet in dimensions, is centrally located. Their stock, valued at some $20,000, contains a full line of groceries and provisions, including fresh China teas and Brazilian coffees, New Orleans standard sugars and molasses, East Indian spices, leading brands of Minnesota and Western flour, butter and cheese, direct from the factory, fresh bacon, meats and provisions generally, canned goods and table delicacies in all their variety, etc. A good stock of hard- ware, agricultural implements, and general plantation supplies is constantly on hand, and a large quantity of Charleston and Baltimore fertilizers also handled in the season. The business necessitates the employment of two clerks, and a wagon is likewise kept in constant use. In January, 1883, they opened a branch store at Verdery, about 10 miles from Abbeville, where they employ two clerks, arid the first year did a business of over $8,000. The individual members of this house, Mr. James R. Cunningham and Wm. A. Templeton, are both natives of Abbeville, and rendered their quotum of service to the Confederate cause ; the first joined the Seventh Regiment in April, 1861, retired on account of ill health, and at the end of the war was in a cavalry regiment; the latter was in the Fifteenth South Caro- lina, and after being wounded acted as courier to Gen. Kennedy, commander of Kershaw’s old brigade, and has been many years chairman of the board of school trustees of this township. These gentlemen enjoy a high reputation in the com- munity, and their house takes a leading place among the mercantile enterprises of this section. A. M. HILL & SONS. A representative man in this community and one long identified with it is Mr. A. M. Hill, who established in 1869, enterprises which are a benefit to Abbeville. Taking them in order, we find a mercantile establishment from which a good trade is done in heavy groceries, wines, liquors and cigars. The premises are centrally located in a substantial brick building, 25x160 feet in extent, and the stock $7,000 to $8,000, is being constantly replenished. Though everything in the establishment is complete, the saloon calls especially for mention, as it furnishes in choice excel- lence the leading brands of European and Californian Wines, Irish and Kentucky whiskies, fine French brandies, English ales and American brewed beer, to which complete list is added all varieties of the best seltzer and mineral waters. The hotel, which occupies the most substantial building in town, has good accommoda- tion. The dining room is spacious and the bedrooms, 24 in number, are provided with new and elegant furniture. There is also a parlor and office, and the whole equipment, including experienced service and carefully prepared cuisine, is such as to make a few days stay pleasant and cheerful, and a long residence comfortable and convenient. The livery, sale and exchange stable is not behind-hand in its appointments. Cleanly kept "and well ventilated, there are never less than 20 horses in stock. i38 Town of Abbeville, while in the busy season the stalls and sheds are well filled and accommodate over 100 head of fine harness and saddle horses and strong mules. Few men understand better the salient points of a fine horse than Mr. Hill, and none are more correct in making a sale. He also has a full line of the best makes of Ohio and Xorth Caro- lina buggies, and a similar selection of wagons from leading manufacturers. Mr. Hill is a native of Abbeville, and in the late war for four years, rendered service to the Confederate cause in the First South Carolina Cavalry, Company A. In 1860, he performed the duties of census taker, and has always been recognized in the community as one of our public-spirited citizens. In the multifarious duties in- cumbent on his enterprises, he has been for four years ably assisted by his sons and partners, Mr. R. and Mr. H. II. Hill, young and energetic merchants. JOHN KNOX & CO., Grocers, Etc. Among the prosperous business houses of this section, whose extensive opera- tions entitle them to our favorable consideration, we note with pleasure the one above named, the character and scope of whose transactions furnish a fitting exam- ple of the class of houses, whose success is the best evidence we can offer for the claims of the locality wherein they are situated, to the consideration of the purchas- ing public; This house was originally founded in 1840, as J. & X. Knox, who con- ducted business till the civil war, wherein Mr. X. was killed. When peace returned it became known as Knox & Aiken, later as Knox & Co., then for several years Mr. Knox was alone, till 1880, when he took Mr. J. F. Livingston into partnership, as John Knox & Co., and in 1882, Mr. G. H. Moore joined the firm. The original prestige of the house has been retained and the trade augmented, till it now rami- fies all over the county. The premises are 26x115 feet in extent, and occupy the first floor and cellar of a centrally located and substantial brick building. The stock, averaging some $10,000 in value, contains a full line of staple and fancy groce- ries and provisions, wines, liquors, cigars and tobacco, all kinds of country produce, shoes, drygoods, hats and caps, hardware and agricultural implements and farmers supplies generally. The whole is being constantly replenished from the leading whole- sale houses, and everything offered is exactly what it is represented to be. The firm gives employment to two competent hands, who are like their superiors attentive and polite to callers. The transactions run up in an average year to 840,000, be- sides an important leather and hide and a lien business of from TOO to 800 bales. The head of the firm, Mr. John Knox, is a native of Antrim, Ireland, and came to Abbeville a boy, and has by industry and perseverance, established a house which does credit at once to himself and the county. He is a Mason, and takes an active part in their proceedings. The other partners are natives of Abbeville and recog- nized among her trustworthy merchants. Mr. Livingston for two years filled the office of county commissioner, is a Master Mason, and belongs to the Hesperian Chapter. WARDLAW & EDWARDS, General Merchandise. Among the merchants in this county the above house takes a place in the front rank. Established in 1870 its trade has gradually grown to its present extent, ramifying all through this and also into the adjacent counties. The premises they occupy are well arranged and consist of a two story brick building 23x83 feet in extent, and in the rear a large stone warehouse 25x60, the whole having been this spring much improved, making the store an attractive and pleasant place to do business in. The stock averaging some $10,000 in value consists of a full line of sta- ple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, fresh and smoked meats, country produce, etc., foreign and domestic dry goods, boots and shoes, hats and caps, hardware, agricul- tural implements and farmers supplies. Three assistants are employed and two State of South Carolina. 139 wagons are kept. They likewise do business in cotton, handling in the season over 1,000 bales. The members of the firm, Mr. A. B. Wardlaw and Mr. J. G. Edwards are both natives of Abbeville and are recognized in the community as reliable merchants and public-spirited citizens. They both rendered service to the Confederate Cause in McGowan’s brigade. In conclusion we take pleasure in assuring those yet unacquainted with the advantages of this house, that their interests can be in no surer way conserved than by calling upon Messrs. Wardlaw & Edwards. W. T. PENNY, Druggist. As experienced a druggist as the above is an acquisition to any community, for without the careful compounding of prescriptions, the work of the medical practi- tioner would be rendered almost void. Dr. Penny, the leading pharmacist of this county, served an apprenticeship in Branch & Parker’s store, and at the close of the war, in 1865, opened business for himself almost in the same location he at present occupies. He soon gained the extended patronage of the public and in 1872 when the State made a law compelling all druggists to have passed the board of examina- tion, he at once resorted to Columbia and received his diploma. His trade has gradually increased till his store is well known in every village and hamlet in this, and somewhat in adjacent counties. His stock comprises imported and domestic drugs and chemicals from the manufacturers, whose productions are standards of purity, and it is a pleasure to know in dealing with this store that Mr. Penny takes pride in testing thoroughly all new supplies. To the prescription department he gives his careful and undivided attention and fills physicians and family recipes with promptness and dispatch. The best and latest proprietary medicines are kept and also French, German and English perfumery and toilet articles. The doctor is a native of Laurens County, and at the outbreak of the war joined the First South Carolina Cavalry, being afterwards putin charge of the field hospital as steward. In 1877, ’78 and ’79 he was warden of the town. He is a Master Mason, and belongs to Clinton Lodge, No. 3, and likewise to the K. of H., and is generally valued as a druggist and gentleman. SEAL, MclLWABN & CO., Carriage Builders. No line of manufacture shows more marked advancement in the last quarter of a century than carriage building, and among the manufacturers in upper South Car- olina none stand higher than the above mentioned firm, which was established in 1868 by Mr. T. C. Seal. He carried on business for a few months taking first in partnership Mr. Sign as Seal & Sign, later the name of Robertson was added to the style for six years, when a return to the old name took place, which continued till Mr. Sign retired. Mr. Seal then ran alone till the firm became Seal & Mcllwain, and in October, 1883, the present firm was formed. The works, which are provi- ded with modern conveniences in the way of machinery and tools, consist of a main building, 2-story frame, 40x80 feet in extent: on the first floor of this is the heavy wood working department and in the rear a show-room, where from a full stock of wagons and buggies purchasers can readily select something suitable; up-stairs is the trimming and painting shop. Besides this they have a store in Courthouse Square, where a large stock of carriage and wagon supplies, and a well assorted lot of wagon and buggy harness is kept. They turn out in the year over 175 vehicles, made from carefully selected and well seasoned material, and from the fact that there is an increasing demand for their goods all through the upper part of the State is the best proof of the manner in which work, both manufacturing and repairing is executed, twelve competent and experienced hands being employed, 140 Town of Abbeville, The members of this progressive house, Messrs. T. C. Seal, H. P. Mcllwain and A. W. Smith are known as experienced carriage builders. The two last were born in Abbeville, while the first is a native Georgian and came to this county five years old. In the war he rendered good service to the Southern cause in the Second South Carolina, Jenkins brigade, Longstreet’s corps, being wounded at Second Manassas. He was two or three years warden of the town, and is Past Master Mason and K. of H. His partner, Mr. Mcllwain, also served in the latter part of the war in Virginia as a member of the same regiment. L. H. RUSSELL, Sale, Exchange and Livery Stables, Grocery Store, Saloon and Billiard Rooms. Among the successful men in this county we note Mr. L. H. Russell, who car- ries on an extensive trade in this and the adjacent counties of Anderson, Edgefield and Laurens. The business was started in 1881. The stable, a substantial brick building, well ventilated and comfortably arranged, 42x80 feet in extent, can accommodate 25 horses and in the sheds over 50 mules are kept in the season. The stock is always first-class and guaranteed what they are said to be, and the sales will average over 150 head annually. In the livery department a good stock of harness and saddle horses and a fine set of buggies and carriages is constantly on hand, and at the public service. The business' which is brisk all through the season, necessi- tates the employment of two competent stablemen, who keep everything clean and in nice order, and are careful in attending to the wants and comforts of the ani- mals. Mr. Russell who is familiar with every branch of the business is a native of this county, where he is known as one of her most enterprising men. His grocery store, saloon and billiard rooms which lie lias been running for twelve years, cen- trally located on the corner next the Courthouse, is supplied with a complete stock of fresh staple and fancy groceries, foreign and domestic wines, best brands of Irish and Kentucky whiskies, and fresh English ales and American beer, and the tables are first-class. He does a big trade here and keeps two polite hands always at work, and altogether has a well appointed establishment. In the late war Mr. Russell served as a private in the First South Carolina Infantry, afterwards made Second Lieutenant in First South Carolina Cavalry, and was accidentally wounded at Charleston. He is a member of the K. of Id. His partner in the horse business, Mr. S. Wallingford, attends to the matters of the firm in Indiana. SPEED & LOWRY, Drug Emporium. • This young and enterprising house was originally established in 1882 as L. T. Hill. It became in September, 1883, Hill & Lowry, and in December last Mr. Speed bought out the first named, since when they have continued a prosperous career under the present style and name. The store, which has an attractive front of 25 feet, and depth of 70, is furnished in modern style, and contains a stock valued at about 12,500. This embraces a full line of imported and domestic chem- icals and drugs, toilet articles, perfumery, etc., besides a complete supply of the best known proprietary medicines. They also manufacture several articles, their harmless preparation of C. C. C. being largely sold and has never failed in a single instance to completely cure malarial attacks, intermittent and remittent fevers, dumb chills or chills and fever. The enterprising owners of the establishment, Mr. P. B. Speed and Mr. S. L. Lowry are known to the community as trustworthy druggists. The first is a native of Abbevile, and the second of York County, and passed the examination in April, '83, before the South Carolina Pharma. Board. SAMUEL C. CASON, Attorney at Law. Mr. Samuel C. Cason is a young lawyer of the Abbeville bar, having been prac- ticing about seven years. He was born in this county, and educated principally in State oe South Carolina. 141 the schools of Abbeville. He is a graduate however of Moore’s Business Univer- sity of Atlanta, G-a., and attended for a while the Washington and Lee University of Lexington, Va. Mr. Cason came to the bar when it was, perhaps at its best, there being at that time, in full practice, some of the first lawyers of the State, amongst whom were Mr. A. Burt, Gen. S. McGowan, now associate justice Supreme Court, Thomas Thomson, who became a Circuit Judge, J. S. Cothran, at present one of the Cir- cuit Judges, and others. Mr. Cason read law with Messrs. Perrin & Cothran, finishing his course with Mr. A. Burt. He has devoted most of his time to the civil practice of his profes- sion, and built up for himself a comfortable practice. Mr. Cason so far, has eschewed politics, giving his attention particularly to his law business. He has argued a number of cases in the Supreme Court, and pursues his profession with earnestness and diligence. J. C. ICLUCH, Attorney. Oue of the rising lawyers of this county, was born at Cokesbury, 30th April, 1857, and prepared for college at the famous academy of his native town. He grad- uated from Wofford College, in 1877, and for three years was engaged in school- teaching. He was till 1879, principal of Greenwood Academy, and in the fall of that year, was called to occupy a chair at the South-Western University, George- town, Texas, his varied knowledge making him at home in the multifarious duties incumbent on the position. In 1880 he returned to his native State, commencing the study of law with Judge Thompson, continued at the University of Virginia, and received the degree of B. L. from here in June, 1881. In December following he was admitted to the bar of South Carolina, immediately began prac- tice in Abbeville, and has gradually worked himself into a considerable business, mostly in this county, but also has a few patrons in the adjacent territory. A well read lawyer, a good scholar and a hard worker, he has already successfully conducted several important cases, mostly in the Court of Common Pleas. Careful of his cli- ents interest and all work submitted to him he has deservedly gained the public confidence. MARSHALL P. DeBRUHL. One of the successful lawyers at the Abbeville bar, was born and raised in this county. He studied law with Judge Thompson, continuing in the office of W. A. Clarke, of Columbia, and was admitted on 5th May, 1876. On the 1st January fol- lowing he commenced practice in Abbeville. He has been Trial Justice since 1st December, 1878. He is secretary of the County Club and member of the Democratic Executive Committee. L. T. HILL, Me D. A rising and popular physician of Abbeville, was born in Edgefield County, and after receiving a good literary education at the schools of his native State en- tered the University of Maryland as a medical student. He here diligently pursued the study of the various branches of the science necessary to make a competent practitioner, and graduated M. D. in 1882. Since then he has been practising in this county and his skill as a surgeon and general practitioner has gained for him a wide reputation among a large and steadily growing circle of patrons. Conversant with all forms of disease and with all surgical operations, he has given much time to study more especially of the eye and ear, and the ailments of women; among his many successes in this line, perhaps his greatest triumph, was in the removal of a splinter, which had been 40 years imbedded in a lady’s ear, relieving her at once of a life-long torture. He enjoys the distinction of being an indefatigable worker, careful of his patients and prompt in attending to all calls made upon him. He is 142 Town of Abbeville, a member of the county Medical Society, and has taken already 11 degrees in Ma- sonry, and also belongs to the K. of II. H. D. WILSON, Dentist. The dental profession in Abbeville is represented by Dr. Wilson, who has gained a wide reputation for his skill. He served his apprenticeship from ’68 to 'TO in Macon, Geo., with Dr. McKellar, one of the most noted dentists of his day, and afterwards continued the study and practice at Philadelphia Dental College, gradu- ating from there in 1873, since when he has had rooms in Abbeville, wherefrom the commencement he has enjoyed a steadily increasing and now large business. His nicely furnished rooms, located over the Postoffice, are provided with every conven- ience for carrying on business, while his work is in all branches good and seldom fails to please patrons. He was born in Abbeville, in 1848, and educated partly in Georgia and partly in this county. He is a member of the State Dental Society, Mason, 3 A. F. M., and Past Dictator of the K. of H. In business he is ably as- sisted by his nephew and partner, Mr. E. L. Wilson. The doctor is the inventor of Wilson Patent Head Rest, for use specially in railroad cars, affording a convenient and movable rest for the head, so often desired to travelers. It weighs about half a pound Rnd can be carried in the pocket, is strong, unbreakable, neatly finished and ornamental. It will shortly be introduced and retailed at alow figure. W. S. COTHRAN & CO., Druggists. Among the more recently established businesses in this county, that of W. S. Cothran & Co. deserves special mention. It was opened on the 1st October. 1883. since when it has come to occupy a prominent place among its contemporaries. The store, 20x65 feet, is neatly arranged and nicely fitted with modern improvements. The stock at all times complete, averaging 83,000 in value, and being constantlv replenished from the best makers, contains the purest drugs and chemicals, and the show cases display a goodly array of fancy and toilet articles and perfumery, and all the latest proprietary medicines. To the prescription department careful attention is given. Their customers, whose number is constantly increasing, are from the best families all over the county. They also manufacture and have a large sale for their cough syrup, which for cold, bronchitis, whopping cough and all diseases of the throat and lungs, has not its equal. The individual members of the firm, Messrs. W. S. Cothran and J. T. Lyon, are both natives of Abbeville. The first is recognized as among the most enterprising of the county’s men, and latter is an experienced druggist, having been fifteen years in the business before the war. and like his partner, is known as a reliable business man. J, F. C. DuPRE, County Sheriff. The position of Sheriff, one of the most trying and arduous of county offices is at present filled in Abbeville by Mr. J. C. DuPre, who was born in Anderson coun- ty, on the 1st of August, 1831. At an early age he learned the trade of a black- smith, and on coming to Abbeville in 1845, he carried on this business along with farming, till he reached 20 years of age. He then entered a store in Lownesville, and in 9 years bought out his employer, conducting a prosperous business, till the war, when he was placed on detached service, doing good work for the true cause in this State. When peace returned he settled in Georgia for eighteen months, and came back to Abbeville Courthouse, and after three years clerking, was appointed County Treasurer in 1871, filling this responsible position two years. He returned op South Carolina. 143 to mercantile life, and in 1874, was elected School Commissioner, serving one term, and again took to merchandising till 1878, when appointed to fill the unexpired term of the retiring Sheriff. That he is well suited to the post is shown by his re-election in 1880, since when lie has ably discharged the duties of the office, being- possessed of those qualities of prowess, courage and firmness necessary for carrying out successfully the too often disagreeable business of the situation. He is a Mason of the Blue Lodge, Chapter Commandery, and K. T., and also a K. of II. He was delegate to the Columbia Convention, and is member of the Democratic County Club. He has represented from one to five insurance companies for 17 years, and now is doing a large business for the JSTew York Underwriters, Niagara, Germania and Georgia Home. J. W. PERRIN, County Treasurer. This position calls for a man of sterling integrity, careful and exact, and having knowledge of the best methods of keeping accounts. These qualities the present incumbent has shown himself to possess, and has consequently held the office con- tinuously since his first appointment in 1876, and has always ably discharged the onerous duties of the situation. Mr. Perrin was born in Abbeville, and graduated from South Carolina College in 1853. He studied law with McGowan & Perrin and was admitted to the bar in ’56. He did not practice the profession, but carried on planting till the outbreak of the civil war when he joined Orr’s Rifles, in Gregg’s Brigade, in Virginia and North Carolina, serving part of the time as Quartermaster. Returning home he continued cotton farming till appointed to his present position by Governor Hampton. In that year he was commissioner of elections, being ap- pointed to this position by Moses, when his party carried the county. He was a member of the State Convention in ’78, and in ’82 and ’83 filled the position of In- tendant of the town. Col. Perrin is an influential Mason and was elected Grand Dictator of the Grand Lodge of the State in 1882, and is sitting Past Grand Dic- tator, and was Supreme Representative at Baltimore in ’82, and Galveston in ’83. He is also a member of the K. of II., and generally bears a high name in the com- munity. M. C. ZEIGLER, County Clerk. The above official was born in Barnwell Co. in 1830, and graduated from Cokesbury Academy in 1849. He removed to Abbeville and married in this county, the outbreak of the civil war finding him a prosperous farmer. He joined the Hol- combe Legion, Evans’ Brigade, serving as Captain of Company F., considered wherever it moved one of th'e most efficient companies of the brigade and manned with the finest body of men. He was present at the most important battles of the war, mostly in Virginia, but also in Georgia, Mississippi — being at Vicksburg — and in North Carolina. He commanded the Holcombe Legion at Kingston, N. C., in the celebrated fight of Evans’ Brigade against Foster’s whole army, just landed from the coast of North Carolina. At Second Manassas he was wounded and promoted on the field to Major, and at Stoney Creek, with 50 men, he engaged the whole of Kantz’s division of cavalry and kept them at bay half the day. Returning to Ab- beville he continued farming, taking an active part in the redemjflion of the State, and in ’76 was elected clerk and re-elected in 1880. Socially and politically popular, no man is more zealous in the performance of the work or in carrying out the plans of a county office. Capt. Zeigler is also a member of the Masonic Order, and a Royal Arch and Select Council Mason. J. FULLER LYON, The present incumbent of the office of Probate Judge of Abbeville, was born in this county 1st April, 1842, and was educated at Ashbury Academy. For many years he conducted a cotton farming and mill business in the county, and came to 144 Town op Abbev±Ll£, Abbeville when elected to his present position in 1876; he ha3 since been re-elected and re-appointed every two years, the best proof of his having performed the duties of this responsible office to the satisfaction of all. He studied law with Mr. S. C. Cason, of this town and was admitted to the bar in December, 1883, and is therefore, besides attending to the functions of his office, carrying on practice as a lawyer. In the late war, Mr. Lyon took an active part, rendering gallant service to the Confed- erate cause, for the first 12 months in Company C, Seventh South Carolina Infan- try, in Virginia, as a non-commissioned officer, and then for three years was in Company H, Nineteenth S. C., Manigault’s Brigade, being promoted" for merito- rious services to rank of First Lieutenant. Near Atlanta on 28th July, 1864, he lost his left arm. Mr. Lyon has ever .taken part in politics, and for two years filled the position of President of the Abbeville Democratic Club. He is also a Mason, Roval Arch and Council, and Past Master of Clinton Lodge and Past Dictator of the K. of II. He is a prominent member of the Methodist Church at Abbeville Station, is Chairman of the Board of Stewards, and has been repsesentative several times to the Annual Conference from Cokesbury District, and is likewise one of the District Centenary Committee. He marrie l 2Lst November, 1866, Mrs. M. Louis Delph, and has a family of four children. J. T. PARKS, Mho at present fills the part of Auditor in Abbeville County, was born in Lincoln. Ga., in 1829. He received a good education at Goshen, Ga., and later at Greenwood Academy. He carried on mercantile and farming business at Greenwood, and at the outbreak of the war enlisted on 17th April, 1861, in the Second South Carolina Regiment, Kershaw’s Brigade, as Lieutenant Co. F, at first Manassas, Seven Daws, Petersburg and other battles. He afterwards, on account of bad health, returned home, but soon joined the Marion Artillery, serving on the coast till the evacuation of Charleston, and was present at Johnston's surrender at Greensboro'. Alien peace returned, he continued at his former avocations in Greenwood till four years ago, when he was appointed to his present place and was re-appointed at the expiration of his term. An efficient officer, he is always obliging, and besides attending to the duties of the position, does a considerable insurance business for the Continental, which he has represented two years. He was master of Greenwood Lodge ten vears and is a Royal Arch and Counsel Mason, and also belongs to the K. of 11. THOS. WScGETTiCAN, Palmetto Saloon. Among the more recently established businesses in Abbeville, the above is de- serving of mention. Mr. McGettigan. who recently came to this town from Ander- son, started in January, 1883, his present enterprise, which is a credit alike to the city and himself. His saloon is newly furnished and well stocked with all kinds of wines, liquors and cigars, fine Bordeaux and California wines, best brands of Irish and Kentucky whiskies, first-class French brandy, fresh English and American ales and beer, and a full line of seltzer and mineral waters, Havana and domestic cigars. The stock, which will average some 85.000 in value, is being constantly replenished from the most reliable wholesale houses. The Palmetto House, large and spacious, is in Washington street. The establishment is well kept and forms a pleasant place to spend leisure hours in. The service is good, the proprietor only engaging -killed and competent help. Mr. McGettigan, who is himself a native of Donegal. Ireland, came to the United States in 1870. He remained in New York some time, then came south to Atlanta, and later came to Anderson. He is an experienced man in his line of business, agreeable to have dealings with, and withal a valuable addition to the mercantile interests of the town. COSViMERCEAL HOTEL. Mrs. Coogler, proprietress. Headquarters for drummers. First-class cuisine and accommodations. Rates, 82.00 per day. SPARTANBURG, S. C. Morgan’s Monument. Town Hall. Court House. PUBLIC SQUARE. HISTORY. The upper part of South Carolina was an unknown land to the first settlers that came to our coast regions, and it was a long time before the forests and Indians began to yield to Anglo-Saxon aggression and supremacy. About the year 1670 settle- ments were first made at Port Royal and soon after that at Charleston, hut for fifty years little progress was made in the interior. The tw T o Carolinas being included in one colony, settled under one charter, the settlements in the upper part of the State were made from the northern colonies, hence you will find the names of old families in Spartanburg similar to those in North Carolina, Virginia and Pennsylva- nia. The coast settlements extended northward to old Cambridge and Ninety-Six on the west and to the high hills of the Santee on the east ; consequently you will find the names of the old families in the middle regions of the State similar to those on the coast. This difference in the immigrants that first settled our State may have had something to do in shaping the opposing opinion between upper country and low country that continued till the war ; and even at this late day echoes of these antagonisms may be heard now and then. The early land papers of Spartanburg were recorded at the capital of North Carolina, and this county was once a part of Craven County, N. C., while the east- ern part of the county and a portion of Union was in Try on County. Even after the division of the colony into North and South Carolina the name of Craven was re- tained. All land papers were then recorded in Charleston. As population began to increase this became very inconvenient, and the State was divided into seven dis- tricts with a courthouse in each one. This was prior to the war of 1776. After this was over and peace was restored, another division was made and Spartanburg was in- cluded in the old Pinckney district, the courthouse being at Pinckney on the west 146 City of Sparta HBtHtd, side of Broad River, in what is now Union County. In the year 1798 the State was divided into twenty-five (25) counties and Spartanburg was laid off with its present boundaries. The name district was applied to the divisions now known as counties until the revision of the constitution at the close of the war. This county is in the northern portion of the State, bounded by Rutherford and Polk Counties of North Carolina on the north, York and Union on the east, Lau- rens on the south, and Greenville on the w'est. The average distance from north to south is thirty-five miles and from east to west thirty miles. Its area is a little over one thousand square miles, or about 672,000 acres. The surface varies from undu- latin°- or rolling plains to ragged and broken surfaces. Geologically it belongs to the primary formation. There is no positive information as to the name of this county. Being laid off after the war when the daring deeds and privations of her people were fresh in mem- ory it is supposed the name was given on account of the Spartan courage enhibited by the Whigs during the Revolution. The district we believe, was first called “Spartan” and was finally changed to Spartanburg. This county, being settled in the main by immigrants from Virginia and Penn- sylvania. it was to be expected that they would bring their customs and industrial habits along with them. Hence we see that tobacco planting was common here, and it was almost the only money crop in the first years of the present century. It will be difficult to make our posterity of the twentieth century believe that our ances- tors in 1800 to 1825 rolled their leaf tobacco in hogsheads to Charleston. An axle was inserted through the hogshead and shafts attached, and one horse would jog aloim- with his load. In these early days indigo was raised to a considerable extent, WATER POWERS. This county is well watered. On the east Broad River sweeps along, the largest river that touches our county. Next comes one of its tributaries, Thickety, a stream that affords much fine bottom lands. Its sources are in this county. Then comes Pacolet, that flows through the middle portion of this county. This stream has the finest alluvial lands in the county, and furnishes the finest water powers. The old Hurricane Shoals, now Clifton, have been noted for half a century or more, and then the famous Trough Shoals, a historic place in Revolutionary days, is now the seat of the Pacolet Manufacturing Company. The water power here is almost unbounded. Lawson's Fork and Fair Forest, one just east of Spartanburg, and the other west, are noted little streams. Then in the western half of the county are the three Tygers, which flow together in the southern part of the coun- ty and make a large river. Between this county and Greenville is the Enoree, fa- mous in early history, and following at Van Patton's Shoals and Mountain Shoals, water power sufficient for much machinery. The water power of this county alone, i/ properly applied, would spin all the cotton made in the State. A chan°-e has either taken place in climate or soil. Seventy-five years ago wild vines and cane grew luxuriantly in the woods. The finest pasturage was thus afford- ed. Chestnut trees flourished in nearly, all of our forests— now the cane is confined to the damp places on water corners and pea vines have disappeared. The old stumps and decaying logs show where once the stately chestnut trees stood. Our soil seems equally suited to cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum, State oe South Carolina. 147 sweet potatoes and garden vegetables. Fruits thrive well, and the grape can be cul- tivated with great success. Clover, timothy, blue grass and orchard grass all grow well, but there is some difficulty in getting a good stand of the grasses which are not native here. A great revolution has taken place in the production of cotton. Up to 1866, very little cotton was raised in the county and in the northern half to- wards the mountains, a large cotton field was a rare sight. With the introduction of commercial manures, which hasten the growth and maturity of cotton, came an enthusiastic effort to raise cotton everywhere, even at the base of the mountains. Now, however, after several years experience, our farmers are learning the true sys- tem of agriculture, and they are varying their productions. The material progress of our people is marked by improved dwellings and barns, better agricultural implements, better churches and school houses, and the increased value of lands. Up to 1860 there was much land in the county that could he bought for two dollars an acre, or less. Now there is not a tract in the county that can be bought for less than $4.00 an acre, and the general price of farming lands with improvements on them, ranges from $8.00 to $25.00 an acre, and there is not much land for sale at that. RAILROADS. For many years our people hauled their produce to Charleston, Augusta and Columbia, and the merchants bought their goods in those cities. As soon as the South Carolina Road was finished, to Columbia, our people began to agitate the building of a railroad. The first survey made was for the Charleston, Cumberland and Cincinnati Railway, and two lines were run across this county. Nothing was done, however, and the talk of a railroad died out until about the year 1850, when the Spartanburg and Union Road was brought to notice. After much talk and leg- islation, work was commenced and the road Avas completed in 1859. This road runs about thirteen miles through the county. The next road undertaken was the Air Line from Charlotte to Atlanta. This AA'as completed in 1873, and runs across our county a distance of about forty-eight miles. The Spartanburg and Asheville Road was begun in 1876 and was completed only to Hendersonville; the gap between that point and Asheville remains to be finished. It runs through the county about twenty-six miles. The next road undertaken was the GreenAvood, Laurens and Spar- tanburg Road. The grading is hoav completed, and the road is expected to reach Spartanburg early in 1885. It runs twenty-seven miles in this county. When this is completed Ave Avill have about one hundred and fourteen miles of railway in the county. With tAvo more roads now chartered and in contemplation, this county Avill take the lead in the State in railroad facilities. CITY OF SPARTANBURG. After Spartanburg District was laid off it was rather difficult to select a perma- nent location for the county seat. Court was held at tAvo or three places, until finally in 1786 the county justices Avere ordered to meet the folloAving January and make ar- rangements for erecting a courthouse, jail, pillory and other public buildings. For some reason or other the present site of Spartanburg A\ms chosen, and the first court- house was built in 1787. From the court records it would seem that the pillory. 148 City of Spartanburg whipping post and stocks were important factors in the correction of the morals of our forefathers. In 1827 a better courthouse and jail were erected, and in 1850 the large courthouse we now have took the place of the old one. Like all inland towns, Spartanburg grew very slowly. Its trade was local, and no manufactures startled the inhabitants with the buzzing of machinery. A few stores, blacksmith shops, barrooms — called groceries in those days — the town hotel and doctors’ shops, as they were then called, made up the business part of the town. In 1825 there “ were twenty-six houses, including three law offices, one saddler’s, one tailor’s and three blacksmith shops,” according to the statistics of Mills. He O. ENING OF THE ASHEVILLE AND SPARTANBURG KAILKOAD. had reference to stores and public houses, for he reports the town at that earlv dav as having about eight hundred inhabitants. The growth was very gradual for many years. It was not more attractive as a place of trade than the cross-roads stores, for all merchants then bought in the same markets and had to haul their goods in wagons. But when people began to look on this place as an educational centre it increased in importance. The village academies were ably managed for a number of years ; and then about the year 1850 Rev. Benjamin Wofford, a native of Spartan- burg and a Methodist preacher, left $100,000 for the erection of a college here. This was completed and the first classes began work in 1854. The location of the college here gave property an upward tendency : people bought on speculation and to build on in order that they might educate their children. About the same time the old wooden stores began to yield to brick and mortar and Spartanburg’s pros- perity was assured. At the close of the war Spartanburg began to look up as a commercial centre. It soon became one of the best cotton markets in the up country. The merchants were noted for their enterprise. The people from six surrounding counties came State oe South Carolina. 149 here to trade. So great was the increase in business, that by 1878 it was difficult to rent a store or dwelling house, and stores, especially the smaller ones, rented annu- ally for about one-third of their cost. These high rates generated a building spirit, and owners of lots began to erect blocks of stores, and, between 1878 and 1882, about twenty-nine large storehouses were erected ; this overdid the thing a little, and the consequence is that they are not all occupied. In the last five years there has been great improvement in the erection of dwelling houses, and our town is now noted for the elegance and beauty of many of its private residences. Thus it may be seen that our progress has been gradual but real. Our people take no backward steps, and they feel that their town is by no means finished. With our present railroads and others under construction, the outlook for a steady increase in population and trade is most encouraging. Spartanburg was incorporated in 1831, the officers consisting of an Intendant and four Wardens, to be elected each year. This act was to remain in force only four years. In 1835 it was re-enacted with some amendments for ten years; and again in 1845, for fourteen years. Various amendments were made to these charters un- til 1880, when the charter was obtained for the City of Spartanburg. The first of- ficers elected, under the Act of 1881, were Thomas Poole, Intendant; William Trimmier, R. M. Young, James E. Henry and James V. Miller, Wardens. From that date down to the Act incorporating the place as a city, many of our best citi- zens were elected on the Town Council. G. W. H. Legge, IJ. II. Thomson, R. C. Poole and Jeff Choice, are amongst some of the officers who have served their day and generation and passed away. The charter granting city privileges extends the limits only one mile from the courthouse, the line being a circle. Hon. J. S. R. Thomson, was the first Mayor. Wm. C. Conner, Ceorge Cofield, H. Montgomery, E. H. Heinitsh and A. J. Gwynn, were the first Aldermen who served from 1881 to 1883, the term of service being two years. At the second election, in 1883, Joseph Walker was elected Mayor, and Jno. W. Carlisle, George Cofield, L. A. Mills, John Boy den, colored, and S. T. Pionier, the Aldermen. "Water is furnished for drinking purposes from wells, which is good and health- ful, the temperature being from 60 to 62. Large cisterns are constructed in various places for extinguishing the fires. The town is naturally drained, being rather hilly and its condition is generally good as to sanitary arrangements. In 1879 a gas manufactory was erected, and the business portion and many private residences and hotels of the town are furnished with excellent gas. The health of the place is remarkably good. No malarial diseases ever trouble us, and we have only a limited share of the ordinary sickness incident to the Pied- mont belt. Like all towns, it passed through the wooden age in buildings and reached brick about 1850. Then the first brick stores were built by degrees, the business portion of our town is all brick, a very few venerable wooden buildings standing to show what sort of houses our fathers erected. The stores are neat and substantial structures built in modern style with all the latest improvements. The rents for business houses up to 1880 were very high, being for one year, one-third of the whole cost of the house. That started a “building boom” and capitalists did not stop until they erected about thirty new stores, with spacious rooms, halls and hotels 150 City of Spartanburg, over-head. This brought down rents and caused some houses to remain empty, the natural result of over-building. The town was not laid out with any system in the beginning. The main cross- roads were taken as the principal streets, and the others as they were needed con- formed to these; consequently, the streets are not very straight, nor are they of un- iform width. About one mile has been macadamized in good style, and this adds much to the comfort of the citizens in the muddy season. The principal public buildings are the courthouse, cost $10,000; stone Jail; Wofford College, cost $50,000; St. John’s College, $20,000; Opera House, $15,000. Besides these the Presbyterian, Episcopal and Catholic Churches all have houses of worship, the aggregate cost of which is about $40,000. The Episcopal Church is made of stone and is a neat, substantial structure, which was built bv the enerirv and zeal of Rev. J. D. McCullough, who was for mauy years rector of the church. Besides Wofford College there are several private schools which are doing good work, the teachers being very competent. Then Spartanburg has recently adopted the graded school system, which opened the first session the first Monday in Octo- ber, 18S4, with about 450 pupils. 'William S. Morrison is Superintendent. It is expected that this school will soon be the primary school of the town. There is no public library at this time, but Mrs. L. C. Kennedy, widow of the late Dr. Lionel C. Kennedy, has given a most eligible lot, and a subscription lias been made by liberal citizens to erect a library. It is expected that this will be finished in the year 1885. When complete the cost will be about $G,000. The secret societies of the place are the Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Honor, Knights of the Golden Rule and Good Templars. They are all in flourish- ing condition. The fire department is well organized. The town has one steam fire engine, one hand engine, one hook and ladder company, all of which are well officered, and are equal to any emergency that arises. Their service in these compa- nies is not paid for, the members being exempt only from street tax. Since the “dry ticket’’ prevailed here in 1882, the police have been rather use- less. Two officers do the work, and do it well. Besides doing regular police duty they also superintend the work on the streets. On public days one or two extra men are put on. The telegraph service is good here, the office being at the Windsor Hotel. There is telephone connection with Glendale and Clifton, two of our cotton facto- tories, and this winter a telephone will connect Cedar Springs and Glenn Springs with this place. Our population has increased slowly and steadily. According to the census of 1880 it was about 3,200. Since that time there has been a gradual increase and now it would be about 3,500. Then add various settlements just on the suburbs, but outside of the corporation line and we will have now about 4,200. About two-fifths of this population is colored. In regard to our colored population it may be well to say that many of them are owners of real estate. They begin in a small way, but by degrees they are ac- cumulating property. Some of them own neat cottages and their homes are quite comfortable. They have their secret societies separate from their white friends. STAfte 0 R SotTH CAROLINA. 151 and tlieir churches are separate. They have erected neat and commodious houses of worship for the Methodist and Baptist congregations. The Presbyterians are also working for a church. Only one store, a grocery store, is carried on by a col- ored man. Several of the smaller enterprises are conducted by them. Property is gradually increasing year after year. The valuation now for pur- poses of taxation is about $1,250,000. There is considerable city debt incurred for railroads, opera house and macada- mizing, but the interest is met promptly and the principal paid off as it falls due. The financial condition of the city is considered first-class. For want of statistics the following sales of crops are estimated: Cotton 35,000 bales; corn 800,000 bushels; wheat 75,000 bushels; oats 150,000 bushels. The amount of merchandise of various sorts sold here is considerable, the prin- cipal trade being groceries. The amount of dry goods is considerable, and the merchants display great taste as well as enterprise in keeping up with the trade. This branch of the business alone amounts to a half a million of dollars each year, while groceries, hardware and plantation supplies is double that amount. There are two wagon and buggy factories which employ about forty hands. The ice fac- tory of W. B. Hallett & Co., is capable of turning out six to ten tons a day, and it adds much to the convenience and comfort of our citizens. Our merchants do a large business in guano and commercial fertilizers every year. Not more than one-half of the land in the county is in actual cultivation. Much of it is in original forest. Of that in cultivation about one-half is in cotton and the other in small grain and corn. The minerals of the county are iron, lead, gold and copper. Iron is found in great abundance, while gold is found in many localities. Lead and copper have been found in one place only. In two places there is blue limestone of a fine qual- ity, and at Limestone Springs, near Gaffney City, there are lime works of considerable capacity. The quality of lime is first rate, and the rock is inexhaustib’e There is also a fair quality of marble found there. Granite suitable for building purposes is found in several localities, and a coarse soapstone, also suitable for building is found. Taking the county altogether, it is rich in minerals and only needs intelli- gent industry to bring out the hidden wealth. SPARTANBURG COUNTY STATISTICS. Agricultural. Number of acres planted in various kinds of produce and yields thereof in 1882: Cotton 54,323 acres, 10,701,631 lbs. of lint; corn 62,409 acres, 998,544 bushels; oats 17,387 acres, 365,001 bushels; wheat 22,656 acres, 181,248 bushels, the highest yield in the State and in this cereal lias increased the yield 20 per cent, more than any other county; rice 10 acres, 10,038 pounds; sorghum 187 acres, 14,025 gallons, sugarcane 10 acres, 300 gallons; sweet potatoes 346 acres, 24,912 bushels; Irish po- tatoes 120 acres, 17,160 bushels; peas 360 acres, 6,480 bushels; market gardens 210; honey 17,510 pounds; beeswax 671 pounds; milk 3,131 gallons sold; butter 343,304 pounds made; cheese 1,005 pounds made; poultry 81,192 raised; eggs 173,784 dozen sold; apples 2,850 bushels; peaches 3,941 bushels; grapes 169 pounds sold, 35 gallons 15^ City of Spartanburg, wine made; average yield per acre of cotton is 197 pounds of lint; cost of producing merchantable cotton is 8 cents per pound, or $40 per bale of 500 pounds. Fertilizers used in tons 1882 — Ammoniated 3,229; acid phosphate 2,134; chem- icals 404; total 5,767; in composting 1,703. Wages paid male and female farm laborers $10 and $5 per month. The sys- tem of labor in use is the tenant system, the laborer paying one-half of the crop for use of land. Amount of farm supplies purchased in 1882 was $423,458, and on time $262,- 544. Cash and time price of following articles were: corn $1.05 and $1.43 per bushel; bacon 10 cents and 15 cents per pound; flour $8.00 and $11.00 per barrel; meal $1.00 and $1.25 per bushel; hay $1.75 and $2.40 per 100 pounds. STOCK ON HAND. Work oxen 350; milch cows 5,040; other cattle 6,047; sheep 6,674; lambs 1.905; wool clipped 8,286 pounds; common and merino suit this section best, they are fed only in winter, and then only on a little cotton seed, as high as 5 pounds of wool per head has been obtained and sold at 40 cents per pound; annual cost of raising sheep per head is 20 cents, and the average price obtained for unwashed wool is 40 cents; swine 11,475 head. MANUFACTURES AND MINES, 1884. There are in operation seven cotton mills, employing $1,043,000 capital, consum- ing annually 8,410,000 pounds of lint, producing 1,869,275 pounds of yarn and, 16,- 273,500 yards of cloth, running 37,680 spindles, 945 looms, employing 1,000 hands, increase in capital 1884 over 1883 $300,000. Fifty flour and grist mills, employing 100 hands, $50,000 capital; value of an- nual product $75,000, rate of toll fa, increase in last 12 months 15 per cent. Two foundries and machine shops, J. Id. Cantrell & Co., and Fowler & Robin- son (see articles) ; 20 lumber mills, employing 80 hands ; 60 horses and mules ; $15,000 capital ; annual product $75,000. There are also 3 brick yards, 2 tanneries, 1 lime kiln, 1 distillery, employing in the aggregate about $16,000 capital and 40 hands, and having an annual product about $30,000 in value. Though there are evidences and proofs of large and rich deposits of iron ore (sulphide and brown oxide), gold, copper, antimony, bismuth and tin, mining still awaits the advent of skill and capital. Lands showing fine deposits near the surface can be purchased at from $5 to $10 an acre and even less. There is a soapstone quarry five miles south of the courthouse on the Columbia and Spartanburg Railroad ; the stone is said to be inexhaustible and is of extra fine quality. REAL ESTATE, ETC. With assessed value of property of $6,137,080 the county stands the second wealthiest in the State. Real estate not in cities, towns and villages — Arable land 151,686 aires, val le $936,663 ; meadow and pasture land 248,674 acres, value $817,750 : wood and un- cultivated land 202,172 acres, value $943,792 ; buildings 6,503. value $51S.565 : total 602,532 acres, value $2,698,205 ; total value $3,216,770. These results are among the highest in the State, the total value of acreage is the highest, and in to- State of South Carolina. 153 tal value of country real estate the county stands $500,000, or about 19 per cent, over any other county in South Carolina. Real estate in towns and villages : Number of lots 1,126, value $321,435 ; build- ings 996, value $519,165 ; total value of urban real estate $840,600 ; all taxable real estate $4,057,370, in this result is second in the State. Total value of personal property $2,444,790, per capita $60.50. Railroad property — Atlanta and Charlotte Air Line, 44 miles, $12,500 per mile, total value $564,387 (including fixtures, etc., $4,387). Asheville and Spartanburg, $2,200 per mile, 234 miles; total taxable value $51,790. Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta $10,500 per mile, 16£ miles ; total taxable value $195,415. Spartanburg, Union and Columbia, $4,000 per mile, 12-J miles ; taxable value $53,000. Total tax- able value of railroad property $864,502 — -in this result it stands third highest in the State, Berkeley and Richland preceding it ; but with the new railroads to Laurens and into North Carolina it will soon take the place as the banner railroad county of the State. Taxes in mills — State tax 4f, school 2, ordinary county '2\, past indebtedness 1 mill, interest on railroad bonds 3, sinking fund 2 ; total 15. Bo W. PAYNE St SONS’ Automatic Gat-off Mm and Portal Eiioes aafl Saw lilts, BILLING, BAKER & CO., - - Spartanburg, S. C, Sole Agents for North and South Carolina. JOSEPH WALKER, C. E. FLEMING. JOHN H. MONTGOMERY. 1M City of Spartanburg. REPRESENTATIVE HOUSES AND PROMINENT MEN — OF — SPARTANBURG, S, C. WALKER, FLEMING & CO. Cotton, Guano, Gins, Engines, Etc., Insurance Agents. Col. JOSEPH WALKER, Mayor. By a careful examination of the com- mercial facilities enjoyed in this section of the State, we find that the house of Walker, Fleming & Co. is entitled to a place in the front rank of South Caroli- na’s representative mercantile concerns. One of the most solid houses of Spar- tanburg, it has from its inception con- tinued to exercise an influence upon local trade and industry of the most sal- utary character. It was originally founded in 1866, by Jos. Walker; in 1872 the name became Walker & Flem- ing, and in 1876 the present style was adopted. They are extensively engaged in several important lines of business. They are the largest cotton buyers in this county, handling from 6,000 to 10,- 000 bales, according to the season. In guanos they sell over 500 tons annually, of the best brands in the market. In machinery they carry a large stock of gins, farm engines, shafting, gearing, belting, corn and flour mills, etc. They are agents for Ames’ & Atlas’ engines, Trade engines, Russell saw mills, Bren- nan, Russell & Co., Hegges’, Page, Threshers, New Masellon, Cardwell, Sweepstakes’, Buckeye Harvester Co., Champion Force Pump, also Merriman’s guanos. In Insurance they represent some of the strongest companies: The British America, Continental, Merchants’, N. B. & M., Norwich Union, Scottish Union and National, Western, Transatlantic, iEtna. Their store located on the railroad track, is 26x120 feet in dimensions, is well fitted up and their office is a conve- nient one for expediting their immense monetary transactions. They conduct their business with a system and regu- larity such as to command public confi- dence, and we only reflect the general sentiment in saying, whoever may form relations with this house will realize and appreciate the strict integrity, correct business methods and promptness which characterize them in all their dealings. The individual members of this solid old firm, Messrs. Joseph Walker, C. E. Fleming and Jno. H. Montgomery, are 156 City of Spartanburg, men well known in the mercantile and social life of this progressive and wealthy county. Col. Walker is a native of Spartan- burg, and did gallant service for the Confederacy in the late war. He enter- ed as Captain in the Fifth S. C. Infan- try, and on the organization of the Pal- metto Sharpshooters, was chosen its Lieut-Col., and at Jenkins’ promotion in July, 1862, raised to the Colonelcy of that distinguished regiment. He has been for many years worthy Mayor of Spartanburg, and has ever enjoyed the fullest support of an intelligent and ap- proving constituency. He has extended and macadamized the streets, widened the sidewalk, improved police and fire departments and finished the Opera House. He is a man of liberal actions and many charitable deeds, of force, courage and ability, and one of the county’s most respected and weighty citizens. Dr. Fleming is a native of Bichland county, graduated from S. C. College in 1855, graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1857. He practised in Laurens county. In 1859 he settled in Spartanburg and married here in 1862. In the war he was Surgeon with the 22d South Carolina. He is a K. of H., and Elder in the Presbyterian Church. Ma- jor Montgomery is President of the Pac- olet Manufacturing Co., q. v. Conducting a business that adds no little to the good repute of the com- merce of the richest county of the Pal- metto State, this house may be justly considered a pillar of Spartanburg’s financial standing, a bulwark of her sta- bility, and an institution which will long live to promote the growing influence of her momentous and still greater future. CLIFTON MANUFACTURING COMPANY. D. E. CONVEHSE, President. A. H. TWICHELL, Sec. and Treas. The observations and experiments of many centuries have developed but four materials or sources of the clothing of the race. Two of these, silk and wool, are in the animal, and two, linen and cotton, belong to the vegetable kingdom. A walk across a Southern plantation, and a calculation of the moderate amount of labor by which a large quantity of cotton wool is produced, will show, that when the beauty, warmth and durability of the clothing manufactured from this staple are considered in connection with the ease with which it is grown, the plant is and must continue to stand in the front rank as the material for the clothing of mankind. The study of the industry from its anti-historic advent in its Eastern home, is both instructive State oe South Carolina. 157 and delectable. Instructive, in that it shows the various stages in the improved appli- cation of man’s mechanical genius; delectable, in that it is pleasing to think how much easier is it to make, how much cheaper can we buy a commodity, a comfort, which was almost a luxury to our grand -parents. By comparing the simple arrangement of the Hindoo women, which is made by a combination of half-a-dozen bamboo sticks, and ten fingers and ten toes, with the rapid motion of the nimble spindle, and the regular working of the ponderous power loom of the factories of to-day, the strides of genius are apparent, and though it is not our intention to explain the former, we can at least introduce to our readers, what we may term a model factory of modern times, the Clifton Mill of South Car- olina, in whose history and details we solicit their attention. The company was organized in 1880, on a capital, now all paid in, of $500,000. In May, 1881, 7,000 spindles were setTin motion, and the brilliant years for the cot- ton manufacturing industry immediately following this date, the mill entered on a career at once increasing and lucrative, and so gratifying has been its success, that the expense for improvements and extension in plant and buildings, amounting to $125,000, has been entirely met out of surplus earnings. In June, 1882, the num- ber of spindles was increased to 17,000, in December of the same year 3,000 were added and this year the amount has been augmented to the grand total of 23,056, making an aggregate outlay of $625,000. The number of looms will also be in- creased this year by 88, making 542 in all, which will make it the second largest in the State. The mill is located in Spartanburg county, seven miles east of the courthouse, one mile from their own depot on the Air Line Railroad, and on the Pacolet River, enjoys one of the finest water powers in the country, for this stream, running from the mountain regions of North Carolina, varies very little in the summer season. The main building is 72x412 feet in dimensions and three stories high. On the first floor is the weaving department, on the second the carding, and on the top floor the spinning, warping and spooling is done. Forming an L to this building is the picker house, 80x100 feet in size, in the basement of which is the machine repair shop, and on the upper floors the slashers and twisting frames are at work. Next we come to a 2-story building, 32x90 feet in extent, used as a cloth room for stamping, packing and preparing the goods for shipment, and the wash-house for the storage of the same, and further on in a smaller house 30 feet square, is a 160 horse-power steam engine, sometimes used as an auxiliary in summer. The whole of this immense and awe-inspiring array of the most improved patterns of pickers, carders, spindles, twisting and spooling frames, power-looms, etc., whose continuous hum enlivens the country for miles around, is driven by two Hercules wheels, 400 horse- power each, the water-head being about 20 feet. There are various other belongings necessary for the completion of such a large factory, the chief of which are: A 3-story building 30x50 feet in extent, at the entrance gate; the first floor of this is used for storage and supplies; the second floor is fitted up as neat and well furnished officers’ rooms, and counting rooms for employes of office; also two cotton ware- houses, each 40x85 feet with a combined storage capacity for 3,200 bales. The fire extinguishing system is very effective and complete. It consists of 1,200 Parmalee automatic fire extinguishers, 40 hydrants, and hose attachments. The system is supplied from an 80,000 gallon reservoir, on an adjacent hill ; the bottom is 60 feet higher than the top of the mill, and connected with the same are two force pumps, 400 and 600 gallons respectively per minute, operated by the Turbine wheels, always ready to launch water with full force where fire might appear. The mill is considered by insurance men one of the best risks in the whole South. On the opposite side of the river we have a corn mill, cotton gin, wood work- ing shop, which are driven by a well devised arrangement of wire cable stretched across the stream from the Hercules wheels above mentioned. Some 600 hands are employed, who are divided into sets engaged on one special branch, so that each attains perfection in his or her particular division of labor, and the overseers of the separate departments are men thoroughly bred in the business, and each is made 158 City of Spartanburg. CLIFTON, SPARTANBURG COUNTY. S’Iate of South Carolina. i5§ responsible to the resident Superintendent for any defect which may occur in his province. The mill is run upon brown goods, sheetings, shirtings, drills and twisted yarns, or three-ply carpet warps, which form \ of the total production, and are mostly consumed in Philadelphia for carpet weaving. On the quality of these goods we need hardly comment. The production and sale last year of the enormous amount of 3,850,696 pounds is sufficient and exclusive proof of their superiority and popu- larity, and this year the figure will be largely increased. The cloths goods are handled by Wheelwright, Anderson & Co, of New York, and the lawns by 0. H. Sampson & Co., of Boston, and through these sources Clifton cottons are used as loin cloth by the Polynesian savage, for the pants of Asiatic Mandarins, or for sowing rents in Texas cow-boys garments, their market, in fact, is the world and knows no creed and no nation. We might here mention that the company own 675 acres of land on which they control another improved water power sufficient for the future to drive another mill of similar capacity. They have built 110 clean and comfortable factory houses which are furnished free of rent to the operatoi’s and their families who make up a nice little town of 1,200 inhabitants. They, of course, find further lodging in several well kept boarding houses, and they procure the necessaries of life at the store, which carries a stock of $10,000 worth of general merchandise, and is run under the auspices of the company. The people also enjoy the free use of a library of 200 volumes. The school with about 100 regular attendants the year round is mainly supported at the expense of the company. The church is sufficient to accom- modate the whole population. The Clifton Manufacturing Company lias during the three years of its existence paid an average dividend of 4 per cent, per annum, besides accumulating the surplus of $125,000 already mentioned, which gratifying results reflect creditably on the financial ability and experienced management of its officers. These gentlemen are Messrs. D. E. Converse, President, and A. Id. Twichell, Secretary and Treasurer. Both gentlemen wore born and reared, we might say, within the round of tfie hum of spindles and looms, both have passed their lives in the atmosphere of a mill and consequently possess a knowledge of the manufacture only acquired by years of in- dustry, application and thought, combined with innate mechanical talent, and a love for their work. The first was born in Vermont, passed his early life in Cana- da, and entered a wool mill when a boy. He was five years in Cohoes, New York, and came South in 1855 to the Glendale mill — then called Bivingsville — of which establishment he sooii became part proprietor, and is at present the principal owner of it. He is purely a self-made man and is endowed with that capacity for success- fully prosecuting large undertakings, and the benefits he has done the country in opening up its resources and his success as a cotton miller, form a theme of favora- ble comment among the people of this section. He is a director in the Spartan- burg National Bank, trustee in the Deaf and Dumb Institute, possesses that easy grace oPmanner common to most men at the head of great responsibilities. Mr. Twichell is a native of New York Mills, Oneida County, passed nearly all his life in Cohoes, and came South in ’59, and is a partner in the Glendale factory. In the late war in the 13th South Carolina, he rendered gallant service to the Confederate cause, has exer been identified with the advancement of this community where he has many appreciative friends. Thoroughly systematic and attentive to details, he is eminently suited to his post in this extensive establishment. GLENDALE COTTON MILL. D. E. Converse & Co. D. E. Converse, President; A. H. Twichell, Sec- retary and Treasurer. Though this mill cannot boast of the size of its ponderous associate, it com- mands the respect due to age. It was established in 1835, being then called Biv- ingsville. The original building, now used as an outhouse, in tolerable preservation. 160 City of Spartanburg, is still shown. Fifty years ago this was one of the largest mills south of the Potomac. It had 1,200 spindles and 21 looms, driven by two wheels 26 feet diameter, and 12 feet breast, which forms a striking contrast to the present equipment, where two 18-inch Hercules drive 1,700 spindles and 136 looms. The present factory was built in 1867, and in ’78 the name was changed to Glendale. This mill is really the progenitor of the other, for as a lucrative source of revenue to its owners, the Clifton has been largely capitalized by them out of its earnings. It turns out the same goods as the above except yarns, and produces 900,000 pounds annually; they are handled by Whitman & Phelps, of Xew York, and find a ready market over the world. The factory is located four miles distant from Clifton, nearer Spartanburg, on a fork of the same river but makes its ship- ments from the Clifton depot on the Air-Line Railroad. Its main building is 50x130 feet in dimensions; in the basement are the carding machines, on the first floor the same, on the second floor the looms, on the third is the spinning depart- ment, and on the fifth or attic floor, sjiooling, warping, and slashing is done ; as an L to this is the two story picker house, 40x50 feet in extent, divided into picking and cloth rooms, where the goods are made up for shipment. Adjacent to the mill is a large cotton ginning establishment, where from 800 to 1,200 bales are ginned annually; also wheat and corn mills, saw mill, wool carding and blacksmith’s shops. They are all constantly going, either doing work for the owners or for the inhabi- tants of their villages. The population at Glendale numbers about 400 persons ; 125 operators are employed in the mill and 50 more in the other establishments and on the farm of 1,300 acres; they have also stores, school and church privileges, similar to the Clifton population. The town is made complete bv the two substantial, handsome and comfortable residences of the President and Treasurer, which are in keeping with the entertainment afforded by the inmates to their numerous friends. Glendale is a neighborhood of considerable note and interest. A revolutionary battle was fought here previous to Cowpens. Many stories of skirmishing are still told among the inhabitants. The tombs of revolutionary soldiers are still shown, relics of the battlefield are often turned up by the plow. The iron works, which must have been the first in this section of country, were destroyed by the Tories and the iron and tools thrown into the pond, where they are sometimes pulled up by boys when fishing. These institutions are managed so as to promote in every way the well-being of themselves and their dependencies, conjointly they form one of the first financial institutions of this State, they have added materially and helped greatly, to make Spartanburg the second richest county, produce goods that introduced South Caro- lina’s name to the favor of the world, and will long live as a proud bulwark of her material greatness and a pillar of strength in her social happiness. L. A. MILLS, Esq., Breeder of Jersey Cattle. As the destiny of a nation is read in the virtue of its women, so can the pro- gress and advancement of a community be seen in the enterprise and ability of her men, and in Spartanburg no one is deserving of more praise at our hands as having contributed by his liberality, work and capital to the welfare of the county, than the gentleman above named. Mr. Mills came to this county in 1876. from Mississippi, where he was largely engaged in cotton planting, but not be- ing able to stand that climate, sought Spartanburg as a healthy location. He was many years in the wholesale and re- tail grocery business in this town till last May, when he opened the store noticed at the head of L. A. Mills & Co. He has at the same time gradually become more and more identified with the farm- ing interests of the county, and owns several fine tracts of well cultivated land, amounting in all to some 2,000 acres. Besides raising cotton, corn and other small grain, he is extensively engaged in breeding Jersey cattle. At the head of his herd is St. Bernard, an inbred signal bull, who has not his equal in the South- ern States. He is by Leonidas, out of Btate of South Carolina. 161 Optima, and his registered number is 4849. His owner has refused to take $2,000 in cash for him. The bull is in great demand among the leading farm- ers of South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina, and Mr. Mills having several other line young bulls, his sons, is sometimes able to accommodate parties who wish to produce something extra fine from their stock of cows. The fe- male part of the herd consists of some 30 head of beautiful young cows and heifers, of many different shades and sizes. The herd in summer is kept on a farm of 400 acres, two miles south of Glenns, and in winter the cattle are brought into town, where their owner has a pretty tract of 200 acres just on the city limits, and here we might say Mr. Mills resides in a large, spacious and well built man- sion, where he entertains all those who call upon him on business or pleasure in a manner that becomes a Southern gen- tleman or fortune and standing. He employs altogether on his broad and lim- itless acres, and in his other establish- ments, about 100 hands, and in North Carolina also he is the happy possessor of 3,000 acres of small grain and cotton lands. He is, of course, largely interested in many of the principal financial institu- tions in the county. He is Director in the Clifton and Pacolet Mills. He was President, organized and projected the Spartanburg and Rutherford Railroad, which will prove a great boon to both counties. $50,000 was subscribed to the railroad from Spartanburg, and $100,000 from Rutherford. He is also a leading spirit on the Aldermanic board, and as a city official, has been very active in fur- thering good government and developing resources, facilities and conveniences that but for him would have lain dor- mant to the people they now benefit. Mr. Mills is a native of Rutherford coun- ty, North Carolina, but married a Spar- tanburg lady. We need hardly say he is most popular among a large circle of friends, and for a man of his compara- tively young age, has shown himself possessed of those qualities of mind, hand and heart, that make him influ- ential in and an important stronghold in the rise and strength of Spartanburg county. L. A. MILLS & CO., Furniture, Sash, Doors and Blinds, Buggies, Carriages, and Wagons. This house was established in May, ’83, and during its comparatively brief span of existence, has steadily increased its custom all over this country and North Carolina, where the goods have obtained a standard reputation. This is no doubt greatly owing to the fact that the owners of the house have been long favorably known to the community. The premises located on the public square occupy three spacious floors, 30x100 feet in extent, spe- cially arranged and adapted for business. The stock averaging some $5,000 in value contains a full line of all kinds of furni- ture, from the finest drawing room and parlor suites, to the strong and cheap qualities of kitchen chairs and tables. Sash, doors and blinds are kept in all sizes and are furnished in car-load lots and at retail. Their selection of Colum- bus buggies, carriages, and wagons, is one of the most complete in the State. Five competent hands are employed. Mr. L. A. Mills is largely engaged in Jersey farming, which is given under a separate head. Mr. F. A. Sumner, his partner, is a native of Rutherford county. North Carolina, and came to Spartan- burg five years ago. PACOLET MANUFACTURING COMPANY. Jno. H. Montgomery, President and Treasurer. Though the manufacture of cotton goods in the South is a comparatively new undertaking, the great success which has already attended the factories that have been put up has given such an impetus to the business, that only a few years are required to develop it into enormous proportions. The county of Spartanburg has during the last decade manifested' a spirit of progress and en- terprise; that has accorded her an un- paralleled growth and prosperity, that has placed her in the list of counties in this State second only in wealth to Charles- ton. A visit to the county makes the fact apparent. Not only has she tracts of fine corn, cotton and wheat lands, and undeveloped stores of mineral 162 City of SpartA nbuM, wealth, but evidence of substantial pros- perity are becoming abundant, and man- ufacturing industry, the handmaiden of civilization is exercising her potent in- fluence. Chief among these is the conversion of the raw cotton staple into yarns and cloth, and as the most recent and im- portant addition to this interest we note the Pacolet Mills, which takes a prominent place among the factories of the State. The company was organized in 1883, and by the middle of December they got the machinery under way, and in the following March it was in full operation. There are 12,000 spindles and 312 looms, and the waterpower is 22 feet head, suf- ficient to drive 30,000 spindles, which number we see not far distant in the prospective future of the Pacolet Manu- facturing Company, who thus far enjoy every appearance of making their enter- prise as successful as any of its forerun- ners. The mills are located on the Pacolet River, 13 miles south-east of the City of Spartanburg, and 2 miles from Pacolet station on the Spartanburg, Union & Columbia R. R. The main building is 74x240 feet in extent, 3 stories; on the first floor is weaving, on the second card- ing, and on the top floor is the spin- ning department. To this is added the picker room 44x84 feet in dimensions, likewise 3 stories; on the first floor is the dust room and repairing shop, the sec- ond is the picker house, and on the third floor are opening and slashing ma- chines. The machinery of the estab- lishment has been supplied from the best workshops, is the latest, best and most improved, and by experienced man- agement is kept in splendid running or- der. The system of the mill is complete in every respect, and things are arrang- ed so as to manufacture expeditiously, economically and with least risk. A substantial cotton warehouse, of 1,700 bales capacity forms a further nqcessary and useful adjunct of such a ponderous establishment. The turn out of the mill is confined wholly to standard and 4 yard brown sheetings, and it reflects creditably on the quality of goods of so young a mill, that they already command a ready mar- ket. The goods are entirely handled by Daering, Milliken & Co., of Hew York, but are largely shipped on their orders direct from Pacolet to the South and West, where they enjoy a steadily in- creasing sale. This factory, one of South Carolina's proudest institutions, gives employment to some 250 hands, who reside rear the mills, and with their families make up a village of 500 or 600 inhabitants, all prosperous, happy and contented with their lot as well as they may be with em- ployment, where the management is both good and liberal. For their ac- commodation the company owns a tract of land of 340 acres, and hereon they have built 62 comfortable cottages, besides which several boarding houses give am- ple lodging room for all. A store house, 3 stories high, 28x90 feet in dimensions, carrying'a full stock of general merchan- dise is also run under the auspices of this generous company. The President and Treasurer of the institution is, our readers will have already surmised from the foregoing, a man capable, and con- versant with the details of conducting large undertakings. His fi rm, Walk er, Fl eming & C o. , are the principal owners oFthe mill, organized the company and built the mill, and is in course the main- spring of the concern, and as is natural to his management is due the mills suc- cess. The Colonel is a native of Spar- tanburg county, and in the late war was commissary of the 18th South Carolina and later brigade commissary. He is a man who has a great love for home, as well he might, for such a splendid coun- try does not exist in every State in our Union, and has been all his life identi- fied with the county’s prosperity. He is an influential Mason and a lead- ing Deacon in the Baptist Church and altogether one of Spartanburg's best known and esteemed citizens. The di- rectors of the company are men promi- nent in the financial circles of the State and have the good fortune to be inter- ested in a manufacturing venture most lucrative to themselves, giving work to hundreds of their fellow-beings, and sustenance to many more, and a source of increase and support to the general welfare and happiness of the community. State oe South Carolina. 163 REID & LILES, Groceries, Grain, Fancy Flours, Etc. Terms : Cash. By a careful examination of the com- mercial facilities enjoyed in this section of the State, we find that the above house is entitled to a place in the front rank of our representative mercantile concerns. One of the most solid in Spartanburg, it has from its inception in .January, 1876, continued to exercise an influence on lo- cal trade and industry of the most salu- tary character. The premises located on the public square occupy a spacious floor, 23x115 feet in extent, with a cellar of like dimensions more especially used for the storage of syrups and molasses. The business since started has been judi- ciously confined to one line of goods, namely groceries, and consequently the great success that has attended its prose- cution, and to-dav it stands as the leader in the county and does an annual busi- ness of over $80,000. The stock car- ried averaging over $8,000 in value, con- tains everjdhing used at the table of the mansion or the cottage — fresh China teas and Mocha coffees, East India spices, all the standard grades of Flew Orleans su- gars, syrups and molasses, country pro- duce — for which the highest prices are paid to farmers — fresh and salt provis- ions, canned goods in all their variety, foreign and domestic pickles, leading brands of American and Cuban cigars, snuff and tobaccos, etc., etc. A spe- cialty is made of fancy flours, which have not their superior in the market. The goods are obtained direct from first hands in large quantities, are retailed at low margins, and the best proof of their excellence lies in the fact that the de- mand for them from Spartanburg, Union, Laurens counties and North Carolina is large and daily increases. They are also agents for the well known Orange rifle and blasting powder. Competent hands are employed in the various branches of business, a wagon is called into constant use, and the methods of carrying out their immense operations and transac- tions are such as to gain for them the implicit confidence of the public. Mr. S. B. Reid and Mr. Henry Liles are the individual members of this prosperous firm. The latter resides in the county and is inactive in the business, and thus the prosecution of the affairs of the es- tablishment devolves on the shoulders of the former. We need hardly say Mr. Reid is fully equal to his responsibili- ties, and he is well known as one of the second county’s most go-a-head and wise merchants. He is a native of Greenville county, in the war was several months on prison guard duty, and also a promi- nent society man ; is a Mason, Spartan Lodge, and ably filled the post of Aider- man one term. He served a long time with Col. Bowden in Gowansville and came with him to Spartanburg in Janu- ary, 1875. He was the first to start in the grocery line exclusively in this county, and his wise example has been followed by several others. We in con- clusion only reflect the public sentiment in saying whoever may form relations with him will realize and appreciate the strict integrity, correct business methods and promptness which characterize his house in all its dealings. MONUMENTAL JEWELRY STORE. J. A. Henneman. History tells us that from the earliest ages man has always had some instru- ment wherewith to measure the path of time. The sun dial was followed by the more exact Clepsydra or water clock, which gave place to the sand-glass and about a thousand years ago we find first in Germany, in a rude arrangement of weights, wheels and dial, the pecursor of the clock of to-day, and some seven cen- turies later the introduction of the spring took place. Since then the workshops 164 City of Spartanburg, of Germany, Switzerland and England, have in turn brought different kinds of time-keepers to a higli state of perfec- tion, but it was not till Howard, of Bos- ton, after a long series of experiments succeeded in manufacturing watch parts by machinery, that this most useful arti- cle was so cheapened as to bring it within reach of the poorest artisan. For this end the reliable and experi- enced retail dealer is essential and Spar- tanburg fortunately has long possessed this advantage in the well-known per- sonage of Mr. J. A. Henneman, who es- tablished business here in 1859. His present premises in the Public Square, which he has occupied since 1867, are 18x70 feet in extent, are attractively fitted up and the stock is arranged with the full view of giving intending pur- chasers every opportunity of making a selection. Bearing a representative value of $5,000 the goods consist of a large and varied assortment of foreign and do- mestic watches and clocks, and elegant jewelry tastefully displayed in the many handsome show cases, giving callers at once a favorable impression of its extent, beauty and value. Mr. Henneman is agent for the Rockford watch, which as a time-keeper has not its superior in the market. He also has a large supply of musical instruments, and being a skilled musician is enabled to show off their merits to intending customers. He em- ploys, according to the season, from two to five hands, attends promptly to repair- ing, and executes engraving in the most artistic style. His trade from the com- mencement has steadily increased and comes from the best families of the up country. This excellent gentleman will be found most advantageous to enter into business relations with, and is experienced and reliable in the highest degree. He is a native of Bavaria and came to the United States in 1853. He was some time in Philadelphia, and came here in 1859 from Norfolk, Virginia. In the late war lie did gallant service for the great cause in the Holcombe Legion, in which he held a commission. He was wounded at Second Manassas, retired from the army, but again went boldly to the front in the 1st South Carolina Cavalry. In this community he is an important factor, was Alderman several terms, and ably acted as Mayor in ’79 and '80. He is a prominent figure in the Masonic Order; is the only man in Spartan Lodge who has been Master of the Lodge for years, and even as chat he was solicited to con- tinue. He is a member of the Grand Lodge of the State, and often appointed delegate to its conventions. Mr. Henne- man has the nack about him of making friends, of whom he has many, and is altogether a moving and weighty spirit in the standing, progress and advance- ment of the second county in the State. J. S. CLOUD & CO., Clothing, Shoks, Hats, Etc. In writing a detailed account of the industries of South Carolina, with some mention of those individual enterprises that conduce so greatly to the benefit of the community, we must not overlook the fact that no little vitality has ema- nated from the clothing trade, which be- comes annually more and more impor- tant, and in this connection, the well known and prosperous house of J. S. Cloud & Co. is worthy of special mention. Mr. Cloud has long been prominent as one of the most wide-awake men in his line in South Carolina. He started bus- iness in Camden, in December. 1866. alone, the firm becoming later Cloud tS: Zenf. In May, 1874, seeking a more promising location, he moved to Spar- tanburg, in whose progress he has since been an enterprising and most motive factor. He conducted business twelve months alone, then for three years in partnership with E. C. McLaughlin, State of South Carolina. 165 then again alone, and in May, 1883, he took in his present associate, who was before for several years his confidential assistant. The house from the word go, has had a continuously prosperous career, and we might be safe in saying it stands in the van in its line in the upper part of the State. The store, centrally located on Main Street, Spartanburg, occupies three spa- cious stories, each 25x100 feet in extent. The street floor constitutes the selling department, and here customers will find a large and varied line of goods neatly and tastefully arranged so as to give one every opportunity of making a selection. This department has been specially fitted up by Mr. Cloud, so as to expedite busi- ness to its fullest extent. The coats are arranged in order on the tables, on the shelves correspondingly alongside are the pants of the same suits and, in drawers in the tables lie the vests, which are not at all disturbed till the purchaser is sat- isfactorily fitted in his choice of a suit. The goods in the hat and shoe depart- ment are likewise all ticketed and ar- ranged with the exactitude of a military magazine ready for action, and the gents furnishing goods present an enticing dis- play in the attractive show cases. Up stairs stacks of unopened stock command the admiration of the visitor, the dupli- cates are here also laid out on long ta- bles, and the basement is used for the or- dinary requirements of such a large establishment. In the rear of the main floor is a parlor and dressing room, with convenient sanitary arrangements for customer’s necessities. It is hardly necessary to say that the stock is made up of the most fashiona- ble goods. It runs according to the sea- son, between $20,000 and $30,000 in value, is purchased in large quantities direct from the leading manufacturers and importers, its extent and variety is only equalled by the lowness of its retail prices, at which all grades of goods are cheap. The four competent and oblig- ing hands are always attentive to custom- ers, who are never pressed against their will to buy, which we might add even if it were a practice, would not be often in- dulged in, as the superiority of the goods is apparent in every instance. Mr. J. S. Cloud, the senior partner in this prominent house, is too well known to require comment. He is a native of Fairfield county, and in the war was 12 months in the State Service Reserves. He is one of the men of enterprise and ability to whom the second county owes its rapid material advancement and pres- ent stability, is thoroughly reliable in his business relations, and is also a popular society man and K. of H. His partner, Mr. F. L. Liles, a native of this count}-, is a young man of promise and energy' The trade of the house extends throughout Spartanburg, Newberry, Laurens, Union, Greenville and North Carolina; the goods enjoy a standard reputation, and the conduct displayed in its management clearly indicates it is in every way able to meet all legitimate de- mands made upon it by the intelligent and wealthy society of this section. See article Cloud & Smith, of Newberry, the senior being the above J. S. Cloud' F. CANTRELL & CO., Dealers in Magons, Engines, Agri- cultural Machinery, Lumber, Etc., and Repairers of Machin- ery of all Kinds. Nothing adds more to the importance and standing of a supplying centre than the establishment in it of reliable car- riage and wagon manufacturers and ma- chine shops, and Spartanburg in the above firm possesses such a necessary ad- junct to her prosperity. The business was originally founded in 1871 by Isaac II. Cantrell, but on the 26th of March last the present firm was formed, and with this instillation of young energy the house has taken a new life and bids fair to rapidly increase a business that even before was large. Their premises are conveniently lo- cated on Main Street near the AVindsor Hotel, and consist of a blacksmith’s 166 City of Spartanburg, shop, a large new building divided into a machine and a wood working depart- ment and a spacious foundry. A 15- horse power engine and 20-liorse power boiler is employed ; the shops are in every way well arranged and adapted for car- rying on business with expedition, and the machinery and tools are of the latest and most improved pattern. Everything is indeed in first-class style and the goods are in keeping therewith. They turn out carriages, buggies and wagons which are popular and command a ready sale, and do all manner of repairing work on en- gines, pumps and every class of machin- ery with promptness and at reasonable rates. They also deal largely in wagons of the best makers in the United States, and carry in stock a full line of plows, dressed and undressed lumber and lime. They are agents for the best traction, portable and stationary engines in the market, for separators and saw mills, for the famous Hancock inspirator, steam and force pumps, gas piping and fittings of all kinds. They employ fifteen com- petent and experienced craftsmen, and their work has gained a standard reputa- tion throughout Spartanburg, Union, Laurens and in North Carolina. The individual members of this old and flourishing establishment, Messrs. F., Isaac II. and F. T. Cantrell, are na- tives of Spartanburg and well known among her wealthy capitalists, experi- enced and trusted business men. The first two took an active part in the late war and enjoy the esteem of the general community. The last, Mr. F. T., is more active in the running of the con- cern. He is a son of Isaac H., a young man of great energy and promise, at home I in the details of business, and a member of the Baptist Church and one of the second county’s popular men. The house is altogether a representative one, has done much to build up the city's commerce and industry, and fully de- serves a continuance of the liberal patron- age which has attended it in the past and supports it in the present. THE TOPAZ CINCHONA COR- DIAL CO. Manufacturers of Ewbank’s Topaz Cinchona Cordial and Ewbanks’ Star and Crescent Wine Vinegar. H. B. Ewbank, President and Treasurer; J. B. Liles, Secretary and Superintendent; John Wit- TENBAYER, M. D., CHEMIST. There is, perhaps, no better proof of , prosperity than that associations of men and capital are being organized in this county to conduct manufacturing on a scale which involves the investment of . large sums of money,’ and requires extensive commercial connections and financial intelligence. The above com- , pany was organized this year for the pur- pose of manufacturing the above men- tioned articles, more especially the first, which is destined to be in universal de- mand over the United States from Maine to Mexico, and to become the standard cordial of America. We shall give its history, its mode of manufacture and its virtues, in which latter we are assured the public will stand by us when they have had the good fortune to partake of even a wineglassfv l of this gem of tonics. In the wine-growing countries of Europe the use of this medicated wine is univer- sal. The mode of manufacture there is kept as a strict secret by one house, which has made an enormous fortune out of it. Dr. Wittenbayer, formerly for several years President of the College of Physicians in Berne, and once a can- didate for the Presidency of the Swiss Republic, was the first to introduce the cordial into this country. A chemist, he had thoroughly analyzed the wine and prepared to make it. After years of trial and experiment he obtained the secret point of the manufacture from another celebrated French chemist and physician, and after twenty years of con- Sta$e of South Carolina. 167 stant application and hard work, pres- ents to the public of America, some- ! thing that their taste must and will ap- preciate. The doctor for many years used it among his patients in Ohio, ! where it made cures of liver complaint | and fever and ague, of life-long duration, when the sufferer had been given up as incurable by the medical skill of New York and Philadelphia. The cordial is composed of the most improved vegetable tonics, introduced into a full generous wine. The wine is ! a fine sherry, made, by the manufactu- rers, from the Malaga grape, which is I imported from Spain, and the tonics are also extracted from the natural element 1 in the laboratory. The fine Loxa Cinchona berk being the medicinal basis, the cordial is confi- dently recommended as a preventive of fever and ague and diseases originating from malarial causes. For purifying the blood and secretions; a quick and absolute cure for dyspepsia; a sovereign remedy for liver complaint, stomach cramp, intermittent fevers; an imme- diate relief for dysentery, cholera mor- bus and like diseases; a pure and whole- some stomachic; an unequalled appetizer and a tonic without a rival, and in short for invigorating all the functions of the system, it is unequalled. The cordial is j highly recommended for ladies in ded- icate health, by the best physicians in Europe and America. This tonic has been the favorite, and extensively used for over half a century, in Italy, Swit- zerland and France. The name adopted for it in this country is appropriately [suggestive of its fortunate origin. It is made from the celebrated Topaz Sherry, whose fame ante-dates the cou- . quest of Granada. It has that beautiful ' liquid brown color of the topaz stone, and it is the gem of tonics. The vinegar made from the grapes by ^a special process after the wine juice has been pressed, and known as Ewbank’s Star and Crescent, for flavor, strength and purity, rivals the finest imported French article. The company have started in Spartan- burg in commodious premises, and have made extensive investments in tanks and all the other necessary conveniences for carrying on the manufacture on an enormous scale, under the supervision of Dr. Witten bayer, the chemist of the es- tablishment. Mr. Herbert Bryan Ewbank is a na- tive of Charleston. His father was an Englishman, of the ancient Durham family, who have a pedigree of 1,200 years. Mr. Ewbank manufactured in Greenville county some eleven years ago this cordial, which he then called Royal Standard \\ ine Bitters. Wherever used it gave such entire satisfaction, and made such marvelous cures, that he re- solved to seek a capitalist in New York, to go in with him. He was however, persuaded by his friends in New York city, to keep such a good thing to him- self, and accepted a place with Lorillard, whose Southern territory he had entire charge of for four years. This has given him a thorough and extensive insight into doing things on a prodigious scale, that he could not have otherwise obtain- ed, and makes him capable to run the Topaz Cordial on a similarly grand ba- sis, which in fact will soon be necessary, as its introduction has met with a tre- mendous support and a general demand among the largest dealers in the West. Mr. Ewbank this year made a wide tour in the Western States to Mexico, for the well known N. Y. house, W. Helm, manu- facturer of the famous R. R. Mills snuff. While there he has got large orders for his cordial, which alone will keep his factory booming for years to come, and with the increased demand we may ex- pect to see Spartanburg become as fa- mous as Durham, and Topaz Cinchona Cordial trademark become as common an ornament to every household and store in the land as Blackwell’s well known bull or Lorillard’s elimax. DILLING, BAKER & CO. General Hardware and Machinery The progress and advancement in the above industry has kept it in the van of mercantile pursuits, and science has lent her aid and man his energy in elevating the trade to this high and commanding position. In order to bring before the public the highly finished, nicely designed and handsome manufactures now made, it is necessary to have reliable houses hand- 168 City of Spartanburg, COOPER’S IMPROVED PLOW STOCK. ling these goods, who, buying in large quantities, are enabled to further retail to the consumer at prices a shade above the cost of manufacture. Such a house is Spartanburg fortunate in possessing in the well known firm of Dilling, Baker EUREKA SHUTTER AND SEPARATOR. & Co., one of the largest dealers in their special lines in South Carolina. Found- ed but 5 years ago, they have by judi- cious management, and by means of lib- eral capital continued to prosper, and offer to consumers facilities for the purchase of hardware and machinery, equalled by few and surpassed by no competi- tors. The premises located on Main Street, next door to the Windsor Hotel, are 30x 120 feet in extent, to which is added a warehouse of the same dimensions re- moved a few doors from the main store. These premises are spacious, well ar- ranged and admirably adapted for expe- diting their large and growing operations, and form a central point in town of bus- iness activity. The stock, running about $25,000 in value, embraces not only the ordinary articles under the head of hardware, but stoves, tinware, woodenware. paints, oils, mechanic's tools, bar iron and steel, belting, mill findings, cutlery, and the multitude of articles common to first- ; class establishments in large cities. In agricultural implements and machinery they carry a very full line of goods, and are agents for Munson Bros, flouring mills, Geizer Manufacturing Company's engines and separators. B. \Y. Payne & Sons’ steam engines, D. M. Osborne Co.'s reapers and mowers, all goods too celebrated to require superfluous com- ment. The house employs eight compe- tent hands, and its trade both wholesale and retail extends all over Spartanburg, Union, Laurens, and the neighboring State of South Carolina. 169 MUNSON BROTHERS FLOURING MILLS. Hilling, Baker & Co., Spartanburg, S. C., Sole Agents for North and South Carolina. Our stock is large, and comprises the best grades to be found in the United States. All our goods are built upon honor and fully warranted as represented. Correspondence solicited. 170 GlTT OF SPARTANBURG, counties of North Carolina, and also into Georgia, their goods having gained a standard reputation over a wide area. The owners of this flourishing and solid establishment are Messrs. F. Bill- ing, P. S. Baker and G. A. Lethco. The first named are natives of Cleveland, N. C., county, took an active part in the war, are prominent Masons and churchmen, and reside in their native State, and thus the brunt of the business devolves upon the third named gentleman, who is a native of Davidson county, North Carolina, and learned his trade in that thriving centre of industry, Charlotte. He has necessarily become imbued with that spirit of enterprise, the mainspring of success in all undertakings; he possesses experience and ability, which is only reflected in the prosperity of his house. In conclusion we may say the firm enjoys a high reputation for probity and fair-dealing, and is in every respect a most desirable one with which to estab- lish relations. MAJOR DUNCAN, Solicitor of Seventh Judicial Cir- cuit. Major D. E. Duncan, a distinguished member of the bar of South Carolina and for many years a prominent figure of Spartanburg county, was born in Vir- ginia and finished his education at Ran- dolph-Macon University, from which he graduated in 1855. His father was an Irishman by birth, from Donegal, took his degree of M. A. at Glasgow Univer- sity and served four years in the British navy. He was with the fleet at St. Petersburg when Napoleon and his army read their fate in the flames of Moscow, and soon after he came out to America, settling in Virginia, and married a daughter of the Old Dominion State. He became Professor of Literature in Randolph-Macon University and for sixty-eiglit years filled this chair with great ability. He was never known to lose any time from his duties up till the last, and was long one of the most emi- nent scholars of his day. He died in 1881, aged 91 years, leaving three sons, all con- spicuous in their separate callings. The subject of our sketch is the oldest, and commenced life by teaching, having charge of the Odd Fellows’ Academy in Spartanburg a year. At the same time he applied himself in his leisure hours to the study of law and was admitted in 1857. Pie practiced as a member of the firm of Eeid, Vernon & Duncan till the war, when lie entered the Thirteenth South Carolina as Lieutenant, rose to the rank of Captain the first year of the war, and was in the spring of ’64 made Major. The Thirteenth, as part of Jackson's corps, were engaged in the roughest of the Virginia campaigns. After the war he returned to his adopted town, con- tinued his ptrofession, first alone, then from ’67-’70 as one of the firm of Fow- ler & Duncan, and from ’70-"82 as Dun- can & Cleveland, when he formed the present partnership of Duncan & San- ders. That the Major has made a com- plete success at bis profession is a matter of record. He was elected Solicitor of this, the Seventh Judicial Circuit, in 1880 and discharges the duties of the po- sition with becoming grace. He is re- nominated this year unopposed. He is a man of wide and varied experience, can suit himself to all kinds of men, and as a consequence there is not a more popular man in the county. In '65 and ’66 and in ’70-’71 he sat in the House, and from ’72-’76 represented Spartan- burg county in the Senate. In the House he was on the judiciary committee and in the Senate was on the finance commit- tee. From ’76 '80 he was President of the Spartanburg and Asheville Railroad and constructed the extension across the Blue Ridge and the position called forth a happy adaptation of his financial method. The Major has been delegate to every State Convention since the war. He is attorney for the Air Line and the S., U. and C. R. R. He married a Vir- ginia lady, and is a Chapter Mason and Odd Fellow. The Major has become noted for his impromptu speeches, and is invariably called upon at public and private gatherings in the locality as the most available man to address an audi- ence off-hand. W. B. HALLETT & CO., Ice Factory. As the most recent addition to the in- dustry of Spartanburg, we note the State of South Carolina. 171 above enterprise, which has been estab- lished on a broad, deep and sure basis, by men of mature experience and large capital. The building is well fitted in its arrangements and built with the view of making ice on a scale sufficient to sup- ply a wide territory. It is three stories high, 47x77 feet. Entering a neatly furnished office on the top floor of the building, we are courteously met by the owners, who we readily see are full of energy and activity. Proceeding to in- quiries we learn that they use Smith’s ammonia process, which is the best in- vented, namely, it makes the hardest ice in the quickest time. Descending to the ground floor, we find at work in a long room, 46x17. the engine, of the At- lantic Steam Engine Company, 30-horse, a double ammonia pump weighing 17,500 pounds, massive cylinders, pistons, rods, eccentrics, fly wheels, etc., and the other necessary components of the pressing or condensing arrangement, by which the freezing medium, the ammonia gas, is made into the condensed form. This passes from the room through a small pipe, and any one putting their hand on this receive a striking illustration of the laws of latent heat. The heat given out by the ammonia in its condensation makes the pipe too hot to keep the hand on. By pressure the vapor is driven to the condenser on the top of the house, which consists of a worm of piping about one-third of a mile long, over which a stream of cold water is con- stantly flowing, the water being sent up by a small pump in the engine room. The ammonia issues from the bottom of this condenser, in the liquid form, pre- paratory to passing to the tanks. The larger portion of the building is occu- pied by two wooden tanks, one 8,000 gallons, and the other 5,000 gallons, and the ice room, with a capacity of 170 tons. The arrangement of freezing the water in these vessels, is such as to imitate nature, so that the ice forms solid blocks, 20 inches thick, harder than any lake ice obtained outside of the polar regions. The freezing, which takes about seven days for completion, is produced by the expansion of the liquid ammonia, which is, on entering the tanks, reduced to 72 degrees below zero, and the pipes which now convey it, are protected by a jacket of solid ice, caused by the deposition of the moisture of the atmosphere. The well water is filtered through sand and charcoal before passing to the tanks to be frozen. The factory started on the 26th June last, and is rapidly supplying a large trade over Union, Laurens, Spar- tanburg and the adjacent counties of North Carolina. They have the ma- chinery and tankage for manufacturing six tons daily, which will soon be in- creased to turn out twelve tons. They furnish ice in car-load lots, at lower rates than it has yet been sold in this country, and at retail they supply it de- livered at one cent, per pound. They run a wagon in town and issue packages of tickets worth $5.50, which are sold for $5.00 cash. The establishment is a model one in every way, its ice is supe- rior, as proved by experiment, to the best lake. A night and a day engineer are employed. Being on the railroad track, they can easily fill the largest orders, and the ability and politeness of the owners is in keeping with these advantages. These gentlemen are Messrs. W. B. and Francis Hallett and Geo. B. Winslow, all natives of the Old Bay State, and we only take this opportunity of according the gratitude of the community to them, not only for their investment of some $18,000, which is the cost of factory, but for their settling here and with their Northern vim and enterprise, setting a valuable example and giving a new pro- duct, a new life and a new industry to this thriving agricultural country, the appreciation of whose inhabitants is ex- emplified in the entire success that has attended their efforts. J. S. R. THOMSON, Attorney at Law. This name, one of the best known at the bar of South Carolina, has been many years identified with this community. Col. Thomson was born and raised in the town of Spartanburg and finished his education at S. C. College, from which he graduated in 1860; in the war he was in the Palmetto Sharpshooters, and on the return of peace settled in A^ork and pursued the study of law with W. A. Clausen of that town, being admitted to the bar in 1868. He commenced the 172 City of Spartanburg, practice of his profession in liis native town and almost at once entered into a considerable business which has gradu- ally increased to its present size. Mr. Thomson numbers his clients among all classes of the people of the up country and he is generally credited with the largest practice in Spartanburg. Few men are his equal in knowledge of all branches of law or in reasoning a point, and fewer still have bis mature judg- ment and natural talent of seeing the end in the beginning. He is a member of several law associations aud has business connections with every city of impor- tance in the Union. He is this fall nominated for the State Legislature. He is a Mason, Philanthropic Lodge, York- ville 78, R. A. and Council, formerly belonged to the Grand Lodge of the State. The Colonel can be found at his office opposite the P. 0. every hour of the day, constantly over head and ears in work, but like all men whose head and hands are never idle, never fails to find time to receive the modest visitor. We might add he is an inveterate smoker, enjoys his pipe on and off duty, is most entertaining on all topics of science, finance, politics or law. He has been several times Mayor of the town, and held that position in 1874 when the city was incorporated. He takes always a lively interest in the community and is a pillar in Spartanburg’s strength and so- W. C. CANNON, Groceries, Hardware, Wagons, Bug- gies and Plows, Agricultural Implements, etc. This establishment, one of the most important mercantile concerns in town, dates its existence from 1866, when Messrs. Blake & Cannon commenced in business together. In 1876 they dis- solved partnership, and since that time Mr. Cannon has continued his career alone, gradually increasing his custom to its present wide dimensions, extend- ing all over Spartanburg, Union, Lau- rens, and the adjacent counties of North Carolina. The store is 24x80 feet in di- mensions, in the rear of which is a fur- ther extension of 45 feet. Here purchas- ers will find a full line of staple and fancy groceries, etc. The hardware stock is very complete and well assorted, containing shelf and heavy hardware, mechanics’, builders’, and carpenters’ tools, bar-iron and steel, belting, cutlery, etc. ; in agricultural implements the house handles the best goods in the market — Brennan & Go’s., Avery’s, etc., the fa- mous Richmond and Syracuse chill plows. These goods are shown in a spacious warehouse adjoining the store 30x60 feet, with L 30x50, where their stock of wag- ons and buggies, mostly supplied from the workshop of the United States Car- riage Co. , also displays to intending pur- chasers as fine a line of durable aud well finished vehicles as is in the up country. The whole stock will average some State of South Carolina. 173 $10,000 in value, is being constantly re- plenished from the most reliable jobbers and manufacturers, and is sold to con- tomers at the lowest prices. Three com- petent hands are employed, and the es- tablishment is in every way an agreeable one to enter into business relations with. Mr. W. C. Cannon is a native of Spar- tanburg, and long known among her trusted citizens and reliable merchants. In the late war he served first in the 13th South Carolina, later with Gen. Stuart. He is an influential man in political cir- cles, is one of the best jury commission- ers in the comity, and for two terms filled the post of Alderman. He is a member of the Methodist church and altogether a weighty factor in the general weal. BOWDEN, EARLE & OLI- PH ANT, Dealers in Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, Notions and Millinery. If the enterprise and commercial ad- vantages of this city are more clearly es- tablished by one fact than by all others, it is in the increasing number of firms whose experience has led them to under- stand, that trading in one line of mer- chandise is more lucrative to the mer- chant and more convenient and profitable to the customers, than where one capital is invested in several lines of goods. Prominent among those whose wisdom has dictated this policy and whose suc- cess is proof of the rule is the above well- known firm. Col. Bowden long con- ducted business in Gowansville, Green- ville county, which town becoming too small for him he moved to Spartanburg. The house was first known as Bowden, Goodlett & Co., then Bowden & Earle, succeeded bv R. L. Bowden & Co., and finally on the 1st January, ’83, the pre- sent firm was formed. They command the patronage of the best families in the county. The store is in the public square, consists of a spacious floor and basement, each 25x165 feet in extent. The stock is valued at some 115,000, containing a complete line of imported and domestic drygoods, fancy, white and dress goods, a large assortment of Ameri- can and foreign notions, and the latest styles in millinery. The goods are taste- fully displayed, giving customers every opportunity of making a selection. In the basement, which is well lit, a stock of all designs of carpets from cocoanut matting to Persian rugs is kept. Six salesmen are employed. The members of the firm are R. L. Bowden, T. J. Earle and R. A. Oliphant. Col. Bowden, one of the most solid and experienced mer- chants of upper South Carolina, was born and raised in Spartanburg county. In the late war as Captain in the Thir- teenth South Carolina, Gregg’s Brigade, he commanded Co. A in all the memo- rable fights Hill’s Division was engaged in. After receiving severe wounds at second Manassas and Gettysburg, where his company was heavily engaged, he was disabled for further service. He was three terms an Alderman. The Colonel is K. of H. He is a director in the B. and L. Association and a pillar of Spar- tanburg’s financial strength. His part- ner, Mr. Oliphant, is a native of Spar- tanburg and a valuable acquisition to business circles, while the second partner is non-active in the business and resides in Greenville county. J. A. LEE & SON, General Merchandise. Among those long prominently identi- fied with the growth and advancement of this county, we note the above famil- iar name. Mr. Lee first started business in 1847, and is thus the oldest merchant now in town. The firm was then Lee & Bates, which copartnership lasted only 174 City of Spartanburg, two years, Mr. Lee continuing alone till 1852, when the name became Lee & Twitty, who were succeeded in 1855, by Lee & Briggs. After the war the same house re-opened, and from 1867-71, was known as J. A. Lee & Co. From then till ’83, when he took his son in partner- ship, Mr. Lee was alone in business and succeeded in placing his house as the leading one of the town. The premises, on the Tpublic square, are divided into two stores, one the dry goods, the other groceries, both 28x120 feet. They are well adapted to the re- quirements of a large business, and they present at all hours of the day a lively and busy appearance. The stock car- ried averages from 825,000 to 830.000, and is perhaps the most complete in town. It consists of foreign and domes- tic dry goods, white, dress and fancy goods and hosiery, a large assortment of the latest American notions, tasteful dis- play of millinery, gents, youths and boys clothing, hats and caps, ladies, gents and children’s shoes of all sizes and qualities, a full line of staple and fancy groceries, fine crockery and china shelf and heavy hardware, etc. They are also agents for Wan do and Pacific fertilizers, of which they handle annu- ally between 300 and 400 tons, the busi- ness in this line being conducted by Lee & Bates. The trade extends through Spartanburg, Union and Laurens, and also Rutherford, Pope and Cleveland counties of IN". C. Mr. J. A. Lee is a native of Spartanburg county, always been one of her leading merchants and most honored citizens. That he has gained his present position as one of the solidest men of the county by industry, good management and economy, is appa- rent when we know that he started — figu- ratively speaking — on nothing, and that he is a high-toned merchant lies in the fact, that during his 38 years of business life, he has not compromised on a single debt. He is a member of the Methodist church, and from about 1850-1865 was Postmaster at this point. His son, J. B. Lee, is his partner. The house employs an army of 10 to 14 clerks and salesmen. We only reflect public sentiment in saying that no other house in this city is more de- serving of extended notice in these pages. J. M. ELFORD, Insurance and Real Estate Agent. Attorney at Law. The subject of insurance is one the ad- vantage of which to a community daily becomes more and more apparent, and we might well say to the commercial world the insurance agent is the most useful adjunct, for by his aid how many millions of property are preserved, and how often does it happen that men by neglecting the opportunities he offers be- come financially ruined, and behold cir- cling in a cloud of smoke the noble re- sults of a lifetime’s toil h Mr. Elford has been in this business 20 years. He represents the staunchest and oldest companies of the world, whose names are synonyms of reliability and require no comment at our hands : Company. Established. Sun Fire Office 1710. . Phoenix of London ... 1782 . . Hartford . . . .' 1810 . . Springfield 1849 . . Connecticut 1850 . - Lancashire of Manch’r. 1852 . . Queen of England .... 1858 . . Georgia Home 1859 . . Commercial Union. . . . 1861 . . Rochester German. . . . . . Lion of London .. Underwriters Agency. Germania • . . Assets. 81.475. 783 1.352,946 4.541.239 2,585,633 1,837,729 1.509.362 1.752.207 750.000 2,327,636 575.323 1.000,000 3.500.000 2.562.136 Total $25,769,994 StATE OF §OUTH CAROLINA. 176 Also the Valley Mutual Life Insur- ance. In real estate he has always on his books a large number of house and store lots, private residences, business premi- ses and farm lands at all prices and in every part of the county, and from flme to time sends out circulars of special of- fers he has for sale, rent or exchange. This gentleman was born in Charleston county but was raised in the up country. He studied law withJas. V. Trimmierof this town and was admitted to the bar in 1855. He practiced as a member of the firm Sullivan, Elford & Winsmith in Laurens and later as partner with his brother in Greenville till the latter’s death in 1872. He has since practiced law in this county alone, and makes a specialty of collecting claims. In the war he was Confederate agent for Spartan- burg county, has ably discharged the duties of magistrate for over 20 years, is at present clerk for the county commis- sioners, of the city council and secretary for several other societies. S. B EZELL. Hardware, Groceries, Agricultu- ral Implements, etc. Mr. S. B. Ezell originally started in business alone in the grocery line in 1876 on the opposite side of the street. In the January following the name became Ezell & Dean, who at the same time bought out C. E. Fleming & Co.; in June, 1878, this firm dissolved, Mr. Ezell continuing alone, and in January of 1880 moved into his present premises, and has steadily extended his operations. which ramify all over Spartanburg, Union and Laurens counties, and the adjacent territory of North Carolina. The store located under the Merchants Hotel, is 23x100 feet. The stock aver- aging some $6,000 in value, consists of hardware and agricultural implements, plows, hoes, axes, shovels, spades, forks, traces, hames, grain cradles, cutlery, guns, carpenters’ and mechanics’ tools, builders’ hardware, hollow ware, fence wire, paints and oils, etc. The grocery stock is likewise full and complete, and embraces sugars, coffees, teas and molas- ses, bacon, flour, crackers, candy, spices, canned goods, best chewing and smok- ing tobaccos and cigars, crockery, glass- ware, wooden ware, garden seeds, etc. He also handles fertilizers, limestone and Georgia lime, and is agent for Zim- merman’s celebrated dryer and baker, the famous Champion mowers and reap- ers and the Planet, Jr., horse hoe and cultivator. Two hands assist the pro- prietor, and a dray is called into requisi- tion. In all his relations Mr. Ezell is to be fully relied upon, and we can as- sure the public that parties entering into business with him will find him exper- ienced and straightforward in the high- est degree. He is also the agent for the duplex gin sharpener, which has im- mense superiority over the old fashion. Mr. Ezell was born in this county and raised on a farm. From 1868 to 1872 he was deputy Sheriff of the county, and for three years studied at Wofford Col- lege, from where he graduated in 1875. He was elected Coroner in 1876, was re- elected in 1880, but this year declines nomination, has been often delegate to the county conventions, is a leading member of the Baptist church and Su- perintendent of the Sunday School, which has 150 pupils, and often a repre- sentative to their State and National conventions, including the Sunday School conference in Atlanta. He is a member of the K. of IL, and K. and L. of H., and a Mason. He is building a handsome brick residence just beyond the Opera House. GLENN SPRINGS, Simpson & Simpson, Proprietors. In noticing this celebrated watering place, one of the institutions of the State, we would refer our reader to the general article upon the climate and health of the City of SpartanbTjR& iwi Piedmont section, after which it will be unnecessary to repeat the great advantages and comforts this section of country offers, not only to the invalid seeking the wa- ters and a location south of Mason and Dixon’s line, free from the malarial affections that surely attack all living in almost any section of the South, but to the hard- working business man or the lady overcome with the hot days and oppressive nights that are the inheritance of the populous cities and less-favored regions in every quar- ter of our continent North and South, East and West. Glenn Springs is situated twelve miles south of the city of Spartanburg, on the great Air Line between the North and South, from which it is accessible by a daily stage line by a pleasant and picturesque drive of two hours, and is located in the very centre of this Piedmont region, upon which Nature seems to have lavished her every blessing. Discovery of the Spring. Tradition says that in 1764 — over a century ago — when the wild deer, and other denizens of the forest, were plentiful in the District of Spartanburg, old hunters observed trails converging from all points of the compass to a certain marshy cove GliENN SPRINGS HOTEE. at the base of a hill, where the celebrated spring is now situated. To this marsh these wild animals were in the habit, in the spring time and summer, of resorting to drink the water that ran from it, and many an antlered buck lost his life in caring for his health. After the time of the deer and the buffalo, the cattle of the early set- tlers had the same resort, and when lost from distant sections, they were almost always found at what was then called the "Powder Marsh.” The early settlers observing this fact, scooped holes in the marsh for the water to fill up, and used them as bathing places for their children, and indeed, all who had any eruptive disease, and for years and years it was regarded as a sovereign remedy for complaints of this character. At that early age the spring was not found, and the water was only used for bathing purposes. STALE of South Carolina. 177 Subsequently, however, the spring was discovered and the people began to imitate the example of their cattle, and commenced drinking the water, which they found, if possible, more efficacious than bathing in it. After the spring had attained something more than a local notoriety, it was bought by a company of gentlemen who obtained a charter from the Legislature and built the present hotel and eight cottages in the lawn. The Hotel. The hotel is situated on a commanding eminence surroundedHoy a beauti- ful grove of native oaks. The building is elegant and capacious^ The main centre building is sixty feet long and three stories high, above the basement, with wings extending out on each side fifty feet, and a wing in the rear fifty feet long, all two stories high. NORTH ROW OF COTTAGES. In addition to the bed rooms there are neatly appointed parlors, sitting- rooms, reading room, billiard room, ball room, etc. And in addition to the hotel building proper, there are also fu the beau- tiful grove in front, arranged to the right and left, eight two-story cottages of six rooms each for the use of the hotel and for rent. Amusements. All amusements usually found at well appointed watering places are at hand for the enjoyment of the Glenn Springs guests. There is a good ten-pin alley conveniently located, billiard tables, bagatelle its City of Sparta N iWiio, tables, croquet grounds, swings, quoits, &c. There is also a fine dancing hall, good music always on hand and dancing every night. For the ladies there is a good piano in one of the parlors. The arrangements and appointments of the house are so admirable that none of these amusements will in any degree disturb or annoy the more quiet and sedate guests. For those who desire pleasure rides, there will be conveyances always at hand at reasonable rates. Some of the interesting points near are the State Deaf, Dumb Blind Institution at Cedar Springs, Glendale and Clifton factories, West Springs and several gold mines. Mail Facilities, Stage Lines, &c. There is during the season a daily mail to and from the Springs. There is a daily stage line from the city of Spartanburg to the Springs, run- ning a regular schedule, arranged so that passengers will take the stage at the depot, and go straight through to the Springs. Conveyances can also be had at Union C. H., on the S., U. & C. R. R., and sixteen miles from the Springs, to carry passengers to the Springs. The Mineral Water maintains a reputation equal to any on the continent. It has been known for a hundred years, and thousands of invalids can attest to its wonderful curative powers. Dyspepsia, affections of liver, kidneys and skin are speedily and effectually cured by its use; also in dropsy, neuralgia and rheumatism it has made many remarkable cures. The high appreciation that natural mineral waters are held in by the med- ical profession all over the world is well known, and that the artificial imitations do not possess their virtues at all is an accepted fact. Messrs. Simpson '& Simpson are constantly receiving letters of recommendation from distinguished physicians from this State and all parts of the United States, and communications from patients testifying to cures what it has accomplished. “When the water is drank fresh from the Spring, by one unaccustomed to its use, it has a bitter saline taste, ‘like Epsom Salts,’ is the universal formula of expression — does not produce weight or distension of the stomach, even when used freely. It is diuretic, producing commonly free, full, colorless discharges; purgative in full and repeated draughts, alterative in small doses, also increases the appetite and powers of digestion." It is impossible to give definite directions that will apply to all cases.but the follow- ing hints will serve as a guide in using the water: This water is not a purgative but rather alterative in its effect, though when taken in large quantities on an empty stomach it will act freely on the bowels. Prof. Walton, in his recent work on the “Mineral Springs of the United States and Canada,” says: “The alterative effect of mineral waters, in a majority of dis- eases, is by far the most important quality.” The best results are not obtained by those persons on whose bowels the water acts too freely, though they generally feel best while using the water, while those who are but little purged feel best after they have left off the water, and who, gen- erally, enjoy the most permanent advantage. It is often the case that persons receive no perceptible benefits while at the Spring, but as soon as they return home they begin to improve. Length of Tihe to be Used, etc. There is no greater folly in the use of mineral waters than that of laying down a definite period of time for which they should be used, without reference to their effects on the system. There is a prevailing opinion that Glenn Springs water should not be used longer than two weeks; while some persons with certain diseases are cured in two weeks, others with the same diseases may require the use of the State oe South Carolina. 179 water for four weeks to receive the same benefits. It often occurs that invalids having used Glenn Springs water for ten days or two weeks and receiving no appre- ciable benefits, leave off the use of it and think the water not suited to their case, simply because they had used it as long as some others who had been entirely cured in that time, when all the time the water had been doing its work quietly but surely and would have made a permanent cure had they continued using it, but having stopped it, they lost all the good the water had effected. It is a well known fact that however short or long a time it takes to effect it, Glenn Springs Mineral Water will cure the following Diseases : Dyspepsia, liver complaint, chronic heptatis, jaundice, torpor of liver and gen- eral debility following upon malarial diseases, dropsy, diarrhoea, dysentery, consti- pation, hemorrhoids, uterine, venal and cystic diseases, hasmaturia, rheumatism and catamenial derangement. Messrs. Simpson do a large and rapidly increasing trade in shipping this valu- able water to all parts of the South. The water is bottled and sealed at the springs and securely packed in cases of two dozen quart bottles. The hotel at the springs is open from the 1st May to 15th October and between two hundred and three hundred guests are there all the time, which is ample proof of the popularity of the establishment. Messrs. H. S. & Paul Simpson, the pro- prietors, are constantly on hand and are very attentive to the wants of their patrons. They are originally from Laurens county, nephews of the present Chief Justice of the State, have been running the springs for sis years, and their remarkable success is only a merited consequence of their enterprise, ability and strict attention to business. For terms and numerous pamphlets published about Glenn Springs we refer our readers to the proprietors, Messrs. Simpson & Simpson. J. W. McMILLIAN, Watchmaker, Jeweler, Etc. S. Leopold, Manager. To adorn the person is a characteris- tic of the race that has followed it from the cradle of time, through every change and condition. It was this desire that gave birth to the jeweler’s art. In early and unlettered ages, it glittered with all the grotesque pomp of savage thought, but as men grew less rude and more in- genious, it became the queen of mechan- ical arts. The above house was established five years ago, its trade is in Spartanburg, Laurens, Union and Rutherford coun- ties. The store, 25x50 feet in dimen- sions, two story, is centrally located on Main Street. Its stock shows in its variety and arrangement, great taste and intelligence on the part of its owners, and reflects in a creditable manner the refinement of the people of this section of country. It consists of an assort- ment of American and foreign gold and silver watches, imported clocks, dia- monds and jewelry, triple plated and solid silver ware, spectacles and eye- glasses after the latest pattern, opera glasses, microscopes and musical instru- ments, These latter are on show in the second story. This house carries a very fine line of goods, and parties remote from the city, may by corresponding with the firm, acquire all the advantages that the establishment offers. Two compe- tent hands are employed and repairing is promptly done at moderate charges. The proprietor, Mr. J. W. McMillian, is a man of reliability and capital. He was born in Charleston, raised in Alabama, and in the war was master armorer in the Charleston Arsenal, and is now lo- cated in Charlotte. He is represented in Spartanburg by Mr. S. Leopold, a man of extended experience, and at home in the details of his business. He is a na- tive of Indiana, was raised in Tennessee, and since 11 years old has been traveling over the whole world, and in the war served the Confederate cause. He is at- 180 City op Spartanburg tentive to his customers and agreeable to do business with. NATIONAL BANK OF SPAR- TANBURG. George Cofield, President. This bank was founded in 1871, the first President being G. Cannon, the sec- ond D. C. Judd, and the third the pres- ent incumbent. George Cofield. The following general statement shows the healthy condition of the institution: Resources. Loans and discounts $152,866 U. S. bonds 100,100 Real estate, fixtures, etc . . . 8,000 Redemption fund, 4,500 Cash on hand 96,400 Liabilities. Capital Stock $100,000 Circulation 90,000 Surplus 50,000 Average Dividends 10 per cent, per annum Deposits 116,000 The shares cannot be purchased at $140. The bank occupies a central building 22-|-x80 feet. It is well furnished, is provided with large stone vault and the most improved fire and burglar proof safes, with time- locks, three of the four officers, the President, Cashier and Assistant Cashier give their undivided time to the affairs of the institution. The President, Mr. George Cofield is a native of Union county, came to Spartanburg in 1856, graduated from Wofford in 1858, and married in 1859. In the war he served as a lieutenant of the Holcombe Legion. At the return of peace he merchandised some time, became Cashier of the Citi- zen’s Savings Bank and on the organiza- tion of the National Bank, Cashier of both. The Savings Bank failing in the crash of 1873, he continued Cashier of the National till 1881, when elected President. He is a R. A. Mason, has been six years Treasurer of the Chapter, and has held the same post in the Iv. of H. for a similar length of time. He was Sec- retary and Treasurer of the two Building and Loan Associations, which have closed out, and will have the same office in the third one to commence oper- ations in January, 1885. T. J. TRIMMiER, Books, Stationery and Printing, also Publisher of the “ Spartan- burg Herald.” The above establishment may be safely called one of the most important enter- prises of Spartanburg, and its proprietor one of those men to whom the second county of the State owes its prominence and the development of its resources. The business Mr. Trimmier started in 1875 on a comparatively small scale as a job printing establishment, and by in- dustry, good management and energy has extended his operations and been compelled to make from time to time va- rious additions and extensions till the premises he now occupies are the finest and largest in town. He was first lo- cated in the rear of the courthouse, and in ’82 bought, built and moved into his present building, which is 23x85 feet in dimensions. On the first floor is the book store proper, where is kept a full supply of standard works, novels and pe- riodicals, a large assortment of all kinds of stationery, artists and drawing mate- rials, gold pens, picture frames, chro- mos, etc., which are tastefully displayed on the many tables and showcases, giving the store a most attractive and inviting State of South Carolina.. 181 ATRIMMIER’S=- NEXT TO THE BANK., SPAETANBT7HC, SO. CA. BRUSHES, COMBS, PICTURE FRAMES, L_A_^T BLANKS, Etc., IN COMPLETE ASSORTMENT. 4-«X HI I w ^ X, w A SPECIALTY, AT THE MOST REASONABLE PR'CES. All business regarding the “Spartanburg Herald” transacted in the Store. T. J. TRIMMIER, Publisher. appearance. On the second floor are lo- cated the printing and publishing de- partments, equipped with the most im- proved machinery for the printing of all kinds of advertising designs, books, pamphlets,catalogues, newspapers, cards, letter heads, lawyers’ blanks, etc., in- cluding a Hoe railway cylinder, two Gordons and a Franklin press. Work is promptly, neatly and cheaply done, and the success obtained in this department is unexampled, trade seeking the estab- lishment not only from Spartanburg, but from all over the up country, Georgia and North Carolina, where the house has steadily gained a first-class reputation for its work, its goods and its publication. Mr. Trimmier is also proprietor and pub- lisher of the Spartanburg Herald, a paper which requires little comment, as it is w T ell known to the public as one of the most influential and enterprising issues of the South Carolina press. It is 26x40 inches, 4 page, 8 column, is printed indis- tinct type, appears every Wednesday, con- tains a full digest of the latest news, much general information, and able edi- torials on the engrossing topics of the day. While Mr. Trimmier is publisher and proprietor of the Herald the paper is owned by a joint stock company organ- ized by himself, the stockholders being among the most reliable and strongest men of the city and county, who repose most implicit confidence and leave the journal to his entire management. The Herald was founded in 1875, and has since it came under the present direction in January, ’84, steadily increased its cir- culation, which now runs as high as any Aveekly in the State and daily enjoys an augmenting popularity. The house em- ploys in all departments twelve hands, competent and skilled in their several duties, and publishes also the Tyronian, a novel and racy sheet edited in Lynn, N. C., appearing every Saturday. It is the very thing that country wants, is well compiled, and deserving of the success it bids fair to attain. Mr. T. J. Trimmier, the sole owner and director of this pros- perous institution, is well known as one of our most go-a-head, experienced and far-seeing business men. He is a native 182 City of Spartanburg, of Spartanburg county, and from his earliest days has been identified with her people, and we might say as widely known as any man in the community. He entered a printing office when fifteen years old and was partly educated at Wofford. He thus possesses a thorough knowledge of printing, and this com- bined with first-class financial ability and plenty of judicious advertising — the soul of every successful enterprise — has aided him to obtain grand and most gratifying results where others had entirely failed. Mr. Trimmier will be found in every re- lation most agreeable to do business with, and besides is as great a favorite socially as himself and his establishment enjoy the complete confidence of the public generally. The Singer Manufacturing Company have their office in Mr. Trimmier’s es- tablishment, and under the direction of Mr. H. T. Huckabee have operated with great success, are gaining ground as such an enterprising company as this always does. ALONZO TANNER, Livery and Sale Stables. Among the representative men of this county whose energies and capital con- duce to its progress, the above is deserv- ing of mention. Mr. Tanner started business six years ago and enjoys one of the largest patronages in his line in the up-country. The stables are just beside the postoffice ; the main building is 60x200 feet in extent and is a desirable place for parties to board their animals at. Besides this there are several sheds for mules, cattle and sheep, of which quite a large number are handled here in the season. In the livery department Mr. Tanner keeps some twenty well bred horses for riding and driving purposes, and twenty first-class buggies and other vehicles, which he hires out at reasonable rates. He has always in stock a large selection of saddle and harness horses, for sale or exchange, and parties buying can rely upon his advice and judgment and be assured that all representations made are trustworthy. A daily hack line is run by this house to Glenn Springs. Mr. Tanner personally super- vises the business and gives prompt attention to orders. He is a native of Spartanburg, and in the war served six months with the Thirteenth South Car- olina Regulars, and was three months in prison. He_ was formerly engaged as a merchant and also In fanning ; is a lead- ing man in the Methodist Church and is at present a candidate for county com- missioner. Mr. Tanner is also handling a very efficient physician's remedy for epilepsy, fits, paralysis, nervous prostration, and general nervous diseases. That this medicine can cure or relieve epilepsv with its deplorable consequences is evi- denced in the fact that it has never failed in a single instance, and this is testified to by numerous certificates from respectable and reliable citizens of our State. His internal remedies for rheu- matism and nueralgia, and for piles and hermorrhoids have met with similar favor. They are prepared by George S. Pelzer, M. I)., the well known Charles- ton physician, who has used them 35 years in his practice. HILL & DAWKINS, Druggists. Alarge and well conducted drug estab- lishment, such as that above mentioned, is most essentially invaluable to a com- munity and in Spartanburg no name is more honorably associated with the prosperity of the city than Messrs. Hill & Dawkins. The house was established in 1876, as Austin & Co., and i n 18 78. the present firm who constituted the Company, in the first copartnership suc- ceeded to the entire interest, since when the name of Hill tk Dawkins has become a household word in every mansion and hamlet throughout the counties of Spar- tanburg, Union, Laurens. Newberry and the adjoining territory of North Caro- lina, where the patronage of the rich and the poor alike always seeks this com- mon centre, when in need of drugs, med- icines or medical advice. The premises, in the centre of the city, on Main Street, form a handsome corner to the block they are in. and are 30x100 feet in extent. The house, when it started was where the express office now is for one year, and thus for seven years, has been at its present place. The store. State oe South Carolina. 183 into which we can enter by any one of several doors, is handsomely fitted np. The stock, averaging some $8,000, em- braces the ordinary class of goods carried by first-class drug and medicine houses, They carry a complete stock of paints, oils, window glass, etc., foreign and do- mestic wines and liquors, druggists sun- dries, perfumery, toilet articles, etc. The preparation of family and physi- cians’ prescriptions, receives careful at- tention, and a full line of the leading proprietary medicines can always be found in stock. Two hands are em- ployed, and the house manufactures pre- parations that are worthy of notice. Their female regulator, blood purifier, sinapinthine liniment, kidney and blad- der remedy, has long been before the public. The members of this firm, Dr. Jos. Hill and S. M. Dawkins, have been many years well and favorably known to the people of upper South Carolina. The doctor was born in Newberry, and gradu- ated from S. C. College in 1851. He taught school two years in his native county, and then studied medicine in Charleston, and later at Jefferson Medi- cal College, graduating M. D. from here in 1855. He practised two years in New- berry, then came to Union, where he was till 1870, when his health becoming im- paired by hard work, he retired to resus- citate. He remained two years in Tran- sylvania county, N. C., and then came to Spartanburg, where he soon worked himself into the public confidence, and now enjoys one of the best practices in the county. He is a member of the S. C. Medical Society, is a Mason and K. of H., belongs to the K. and L. of II., the G. E. and to the Methodist Church. His partner. Major Dawkins, is a native of Union, graduated from. Wofford in 1857, taught school till the war, when he joined the MacBeth Artillery. He farmed in Union cou nty till 18713 ,._and at the same time came to reside- in Spartan- burg in 1873. He is a Mason, K. of H., and a member of the M. E. Church. Dr. Hill is l argely intereste d in several other financial ventuhesTand is a moving spirit in the' UomfiTHnfty. They are live and progressive men, liberal in thought, word and action, and generally weighty fac- tors in the public welfare. HILL & DEAN, Dealers in Sewing Machines, At- tachments, Oils, Parts, Etc. A live and rapidly growing establish- ment of this enterprising city is that of Messrs. Hill & Dean who have been we might say almost the sole factors in in- troducing into this county, that promo- tor of domestic happiness, the sewing machine. For is it not in the fit and comfort of our clothing that the pleasure of living greatly lies, and is it not in the economic working of our homes — in the mending of garments that would be without the wonderful invention of the lock-stitch thrown aside as useless — that rests our sole prosperity and with its ex- travagance comes our financial ruin. This house was started in August, 1882, and from its inception its trade rapidly increased, and to-day its machines are without any important rival in this ter- ritory. They handle most of the leading machines manufactured in America, and have' always in stock over 100 different styles : the Wheeler & Wilson, Home, Davis, White, St. John, etc. This stock is well displayed in their spacious premi- ses, 30x50 feet in extent, located over Hill & Dawkins drug store, where par- ties calling will be treated with polite- ness and attention though their visit should not result immediately in a pur- chase. They employ four men who are constantly in the field and two wagons run from this office, besides which they have sub-offices carrying about 30-40 machines each, at Gaffneys, Campobello, Inman and Jonesville, and such is the reputation their goods have attained that they sell without solicitation in Union and Greenville counties. The individual members of this firm are Dr. Joseph Hill and James L. Dean. The former is partner in the drug house City of SpARTANbrad, 184 of Hill & Dawkins, and thus the affairs of the firm devolve on Capt. Dean, who is a man of experience and fully equal to his responsibilities. He was born and raised in Anderson, and left the South Carolina Military Academy to enter the army in the latter part of the late war. He is a member of the Methodist Church and a K. of the G. R. He was form erly in business as Ezell & Dean, and con- ducts a house which daily adds to the importance of this city as a centre of supply. W. J. WINGO, Staple and Fancy Groceries, Con- fectioneries, Cigars, Tobaccos, Etc., 5 Merchants Hotel. The above gentleman deserves more than passing mention in a work review- ing the representative men of this city. He opened business four years ago, in this line at this stand, where he is con- veniently located in the centre of the Merchant’s block. His store is 25x100 feet, and is filled with a stock averaging some $2,000 in value ; this includes staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, sugars, molasses, spices, country pro- duce, flour, canned goods, provisions, table delicacies, confections, best brands of chewing and smoking tobaccos and cigars, etc., etc. Goods are of guaran- teed quality and retailed at low prices. The trade steadily increasing throughout both city and county is mostly cash. Mr. Mingo has been in business in this county over 35 years, and is a well known and respected citizen. He is a native of Spartanburg, and in the war was in the' First South Carolina Cavalry. He was later on duty in Columbia, and towards the end of hostilities we find him again with his regiment on the coast. FRAftSC S. SMITH, Merchandise Broker, Office over Reid & Liles, Main Street. The development made in the com- merce of Spartanburg during the past few years is a theme of favorable com- ment among the people of the State, and the splendid results achieved are greatly due to the energy of her commission merchants. First among these we note Mr. Frank S. Smith, the popular broker and a representative man of the citv and county. In ’75 he starte d in this line, and was the first to introduce a method of handling large quantities of goods, that has proved so valuable and. now so necessary to the dealers here. He han- dles mostly the staples of life, meats, grain and molasses, and also when re- quired can supply other products, being in intimate communication with the largest jobbers on the Continent. TTe represents the famous Armour, of Chi- cago, and Rodd, Bros. & Co., of New Orleans, besides other firms of similar standing. His annual transactions now reach $250,000. Me need hardlv say merchants have always found it to their advantage to continue their custom with Mr. Smith. This gentleman is a na tive of Abbeville county, and for many vears travelled for Charleston houses and la- ter for a leading firm of Baltimore. He is a moving spoirit in the communitv and a supporter of all measures which act for the public good. JAS. GEDDES & CO., Dry Goods, Xotions, Fine Shoes. Etc. Evert’ branch of trade has its leaders and prominent representatives, and Mr. Jas. Geddes is a gentleman whose estab- State of South Carolina. 185 lishment occupies a place in the front rank of similar concerns in this section of the State. Tt, was origin ally started inj^75, as Cantre ll, Geddes & Co., suc- ceeded’the following year by Geddes & Bray, and since 1878 it has been carried on under the present name. The trade ramifies all over this county and into Union, Laurens and the adjacent terri- tory of North Carolina, the goods grow- ing yearly into greater favor. The premises of the house are located on the most conspicuous corner of the public square, occupy three floors, 26x60 feet in extent. The stock, averaging some $10,- 000 in value, contains a full line of sta- ple and fancy dry goods from the best foreign and domestic looms, dress goods, silks, satins, cashmeres, ladies’ dolmans and cloaks, etc., a varied assortment of the latest American notions, ladies’, misses’ and children’s fine shoes in sizes to suit all feet, etc. These goods are neatly displayed on the various tables and show- cases. " The millinery and dress making departments are likewise well appointed, seven hands being employed filling the many orders in this direction, and the stock of ready-made goods is of the latest fashions. The firm is also agent in this county for Butterick’s patterns, and keeps on hand over $1,0U0 worth of these exquisite designs. He also handles for this county the famous Pearl Shirt. Be- sides the hands mentioned above, six salesmen are employed, who are atten- j tive to callers. Mr. James Geddes, the sole owner of the house, is a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, and came to this j country four years old. His family re- i moved to Spartanburg from Charleston, after the war. He has gained a promi- nence in business, a consequence of his industry, enterprise and close attention to his affairs. He is a R. A. Mason of Spartan Lodge. BOBO & CARLISLE, Lawyers. Jno. W. Carlisle, a well known mem- ber of the South Carolina bar, was born in Fail field county, graduated from South Carolina College in 1849 with dis- tinction. He studied law with Minor Clinton in Lancaster county and was ad- mitted in 1854. A year later he settled in this county, and in 1856 entered Mr. Bobo’s office as his partner. He has ever since continued here and is now the sen- ior partner of the firm. Col. Carlisle has been most successful at his profession, and has aided greatly in extending the fame of this office. In the late war he was Captain of Company C, 13th South Carolina, Lee’s army, and was engaged from second Manassas to Appomattox. Mr. Carlisle was elected to the Legisla- ture in 1866 and again in 1878, and in the House took an active part in the leading subjects under discussion. He is now confining his attention strictly to the large general practice the firm enjoys through this circuit; is de- servedly popular with his clients, and is a favorite generally with the commun- ity- Edwin H. Bobo, the distinguished son of an eminent sire, was born in Spartan- burg county, and graduated from Oxford College, Georgia, in 1855. He studied law in his father’s office, and was admit- ted to the bar in 1860. In the war he served four years in Holcombe’s Legion, 1st Lieutenant, and was wounded at the second Manassas. At the return of peace he continued the practice of his profession, soon gain- ed a reputation as an able lawyer, he suc- ceeded his father in the firm. Mr. Bobo has gained no small degree of eminence as a representative of the people in the State Legislature. He sat in the House in 1882 and ’83, and gave great satisfaction to a proud constituency. This year they have nominated him for the Senate and when elected, he will undoubtedly acquit himself as becomes a statesman gifted with judgment, wisdom and eloquence. Mr. Bobo was several years chairman of the county committee, and stands well both in social and professional circles. S. C, MOUZON, Photographer. While in Spartanburg we have had the pleasure of visiting Mr. Mouzon’s gal- lery and are glad to see that this city does not lack a good representative of the art preservative of nature. Mr. Mouzon we found courteous, entertain- ing and deeply imbued with, and thor- oughly interested in, his occupation. 186 City of Spartanburg, He showed us many beautiful samples i of his work, which afforded us much enjoyment and gratification. The crys- tal photos he showed us were extra beautiful. This we learned is a compar- atively new method, by which the photo is as permanently fixed on the inside of glass as if it had been burned in. It is well worthy the consideration of those who wish to preserve the likeness in a frame. Mr. Mouzon has been long en- gaged in the photographic business. He for some time was in the famous Kurtz gallery in New York, and before the war was established in Charleston on King 1 Street ; during the war he settled in this | county on account of having been taken with typhus fever while serving as third sergeant with the Moultrie Guards. At the cessation of hostilities he started on some thirty dollars, but soon built up a large trade and improved his gallery, which is now appointed with all the latest and most expensive apparatus and conveniences for the business, in the prosecution of which he uses entirely the instantaneous process. Mr. Mouzon is also a painter, was some time apprentice with D. L. Glenn, and executes very fine sketches in both water and oil from life or from photograph. His gallery is lo- cated on the public square over Burnett & McDowell's store, and occupies 25x80 feet of flooring. He employs two hands, the senior most promising and of marked ability. T. A. WILLSAMS, Dry Goods, Notions, Clothing, Boots, Shoes, Hats, Cutlery, etc., Main Street. Among the enterprising men of this county we note with pleasure the above, i who, since he started business here in 1877, has made a complete success. The store centrally located on Main Street, is 24x106 feet in extent, is well fitted up and admirably adapted for the expedi- . tious despatch of the growing engage- ments. The stock carried, having a re- presentative value of 86,000, embraces a full line of staple and fancy, foreign and domestic dry goods, dress and white goods, a large assortment of American notions, a good selection of fashionable and well made clothing, shoes and caps, j finest English and domestic cutlery, guns, pistols, ammunition, etc., etc. Mr. Wil- liams makes a specialty of Kerr's spool cotton, extra 6 cord, soft finish, and spools with one mile of thread at reduced rates, also the celebrated hand-made Gainesville shoes. Four competent hands are employed and the trade extends all over Spartanburg, Laurens, Union^ New- berry, and the adjoining counties of North Carolina, business being done al- most exclusively on a .cash Jiasis, and consequently the superior aefvantages offered to customers. Mr. T. A. Wil- liams, the opulent proprietor of this establishment, is a native of North Caro- lina, and came to this hSIa Te m 1869, settling then in Columbia. In the war he served for several months in the 22d Tennessee. He belongs to the Methodist church and is honest, reliable and ex- perienced as a business man. H. A. MOON, Druggist. The above, the rising anjj. popular phar- macist of Spartanburg, is a native of A n- derson, and came to this county in 1879 from Columbia, where he wnsMirffrasi- ness four and a half years. He opened at his present location, where he occupies a neat store, 25 feet wide, and including a large laboratory, fitted with all the mod- ern conveniences for prescription work and manufacture, 100 feet deep. The stock, valued at some 84,000, contains only the purest drugs and chemicals, and his handsome showcases display a goodly array of proprietary medicines, perfum- ery, fancy and toilet articles, etc. In prescriptions he perhaps does the largest trade in town. He employs two compe- tent hands who are attentive and polite to the many callers. A skillful and ex- perienced pharmacist, he enjoys the con- fidence of the people and has a steadily increasing trade. He is a 23d Degree Mason and stands high in his profession. B. F. SHOCKLEY, Broker and Commission Merchant, Produce, Provisions, etc. Among those who are entitled to men- tion in these pages, we note the above gentleman who started in business on 1st State of South Carolina. 187 January of this year. By judicious management he has made a success of his venture, and already stands, as one of Spartanburg’s prominent men of busi- ness. His store located on Main Street is 21x80 feet. He carries a stock of some $3,000 -worth of produce, provis- ions, groceries, etc. Mr. Shockley gives prompt attention to all correspondence and consignments, and conducts a gen- eral brokerage and commission business. He is iu communication with the centres of production and importation, and pur- chases cheap and shares his advantages with customers. He employs two hands and his trade daily increases throughout city and county. Mr. Shockley is a na- tive of Greeeville, and in the war served in the reserves for nine months. He set- tled in Spartanburg in 1875, and was formerly engaged in the liquor business, but-smbeMiliat has been prohibited, he has turned his efforts in another direc- tion, and his prosperous career fully de- notes his ability to succeed in whatever he lays his hands to. He is a K. of H., K. of G. R., and an ancient Odd Fellow. FOWLER & ROBISON, Manufacturers of Carriages, Bug- gies, Wagons, etc., Horse-Shoeing AND BlACKSMITHINCt A SPECIALTY. The above house was established sev- eral years before the war as Fowler, Fos- ter & Co., in 1879 Fowler, Robison & Co. became proprietors, and in ’81 the present name was assumed. This estab- lishment is one of the oldest and most reliable in the South. Its productions compete successfully with the best North- ern makes. During more than forty years its fair name and fame has remained inviolate, and it has always held the full confidence of the public and the strength, durability and finish of the excellent work is best proven by the large number of premiums taken by the house at State and county fairs, as well as by its in- numerable wagons, carriages, brets, bug- gies, etc. , to be found running in good condition all over the up country. Some years ago by the opening of the Air-Line railroad, the house was brought into competition with all sorts of good and bad, hand and machine made vehicles. Fully aware of the fact that a new era of progress was dawning upon this section, to meet the increased demand for good work at reasonable rates, Mr. F. A. Fowler, father of the present senior part- ner, imported the most skilled workman he could find and further added to his establishment the newest and most im- proved machinery, and stocked his yard with magnificent timber, more particu- larly from the native forests along the line of the Spartanburg and Asheville railroad. He was determined that his establishment should not fall before Northern competition and he took par- ticular pains to train up his son to take up the contest after he was gone. He has not failed. The people of Spartan- burg, Greenville, Laurens, Newberry, Union, or in short, upper South Caro- lina, and a large part of North Carolina have liberally supported him, and to-day his predecessors couple herewith their thanks to these people for supporting a “Southern factory” and hoping they will continue to patrouize a “home en- terprise.” They are prepared to give them better work than can be got else- where at the same figures, and thus all parties and the country generally will be benefited. The premises they occupy consist of the main building 50x85 feet in dimen- sions. On the first floor is the show room where is exhibited a full line of buggies, wagons and carriages. The office is also on this floor, and upstairs is the painting and trimming shop. A two-story wood shop 30x50 feet is located in the rear of this, and the machine shop 25x60 feet, and a 15-horse power engine occupies an adjoining house. The blacksmith’s shop is 25x80 feet, 15 to 25 workmen are em- ployed, and the visitor will daily hear the clang of the hammer, the ring of the anvil, and the whirr of the saw. The owners of this establishment, Messrs. Wm. Fowler and R. A. Robison, are well known as men of progress and ex- perience. The first is a native of Spar- tanburg county, has taken some part in politics, was delegate to the last Judicial Convention of the Seventh District, and Alderman one term. The second was born in York, entered the army when only twelve years old in January, ’62, served a year first as J enkins’ courier, 188 City of Spartanburg, o ® ^ s Of all Qualities and Styles. Metallic Cases a specialty. Coffins of all kinds from $6 up. We are also prepared to attend to all calls in the Undertaker’s line, at any hour of the day or night, and flatter ourselves that our experience in the past, together with the facilities and demands of the present will find us prepared to meet the ever changing desires of a highly civilized and enlightened com- munity. To effect this, we have one of the most beautiful Hearses to be found in the up country, which is held in readiness to answer all summons. We venture to say that we can attend to all calls within a radius of forty miles from this centre, quicker than a coffin can be made and prepared in the country. Extension Top Victoria. Open Buggies. SPARTANBURG, S. C. State of South Carolina.. 189 and second as private in the 5th South Carolina; was in eighteen fights in Vir- ginia and Tennessee, was wounded at Chickamauga, and was present at Appo- mattox. He is a K. of H., and in the K. and L. of H. They do an annual business of between $35,000 and $40,000. M. HELDMANN, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Harness, Saddles, Bridles, etc. Among the various lines of trade car- ried on in the community, Mr. Held- maun prominently represents the harness business. Since he came to Spartanburg in 1877 his trade has steadily increased, and he now enjoys a large patronage all over the counties of Spartanburg, Lau- rens, Union and the adjacent territory of North Carolina. The building he occu- pies is located near the bank and is 25x50 feet in extent. His store displays a large stock of saddles of all kinds, light and heavy harness, bridles, all styles of driv- ing and riding whips, etc. An inspec- tion reveals the fact that what stock is purchased is carefully selected, and that made on the premises, the workshop being in the rear of the store, is fashioned by hands fully at home in the manufacture. In the season four hands are always em- ployed. Mr. Heldmann is a native of Wetter, Province Hessen, and came to the United States in 1849. He finished his trade with his brother in Greenville, and was in Anderson twenty-five years. In the late war with the Sixteenth South Carolina he served with the Western army. He is known as a reliable and fair-dealing trader, entertains his many friends in his comfortable residence lo- cated over his store, and is a member of the I. O. G. T. J. C. McCORKLE. China, Crockery, Silverware, etc. Spartanburg in the establishment of Capt. McCorkle possesses a house which generously fills up all the requirements de- manded in this line. The business was started in 1879, filled a long felt want in this county, and handling novel lines of goods the trade has steadily increased from the first. The premises located on Main Street, near the Windsor Hotel, occupy a spacious floor and basement, and the stock averages $5,000 in value. This embraces silverware, plated and solid, chinaware, majolica, French lamps and lamp goods, etc. This inviting array is further augmented by a large assortment of the latest patterns in parlor and kitch- en stoves, tinware, wooden and willow ware and general house furnishing goods, also pictures, baskets, fancy goods, etc. Two hands assist the projnietor, and parties entering into relations with the house will find them pleasant and profi- table. Capt. J. G. McCorkle is a native of North Carol inftr~and in the late war served four years in Virginia, with the 11th North Carolina Infantry. He was latterly promoted to a Lieutenancy, and was wounded at the Wilderness. He is a steward in the Methodist church. He has been in his present line of business since the war, and what success has at- tended his efforts and experience is ex- enrplified in an establishment a credit to Spartanburg. SPARTANBURG MARBLE WORKS. Jno. Geddes. The sculptured marble and graceful granite monuments which mark the resting place of the dead are mute but touching evidences of a love which cherishes their memory and typify one of the finest sentiments which find ex- pression in human action. The desire to embellish our cemeteries with works of art has been one of the most marked 190 City of Spartanburg, evidences of a higher civilization, and now the beautiful forms into which these lasting monuments, which bear record to our love for lost friends, call for the hand of an artist in their execution and the highest degree of artistic skill in de- signing. This line is prominently repre- sented in Spartanburg by the above gen- tleman. He started business in this city sixteen years ago as a granite worker, but soon went into the marble line and his establishment is now numbered among the institutions of the county, and the work turned out has gained an excellent reputation. Mr. Gteddes’ prem- ises are conveniently located on Main Street near the Windsor Hotel, occupy a plot of ground 00x190 feet in extent. He employs here from two to three hands, and is chiefly assisted by his daughter in designing and finishing the work, and in the marble quarry in the county has three hands hewing and cutting the stones as they ure taken from the rock. Mr. Geddes manufactures to order American and Italian marble mon- uments, tombs, tablets, headstones, etc., and also Scotch granite monuments. He likewise keeps in stock a large selection of these in numerous exquisite styles, and their well finished appearance and beau- tiful design, shows artistic taste and long experience. Mr. Geddes is a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, and came to the United States in 1853. He learned his trade as a ma- son and was long employed on intricate and special work for some of the leading firms of Charleston, and settled in Spar- tanburg after the war. He is a member of the K. of H., and a Vestryman in the Episcopal church. He is often called upon in this section of country to do all kinds of masonry work, and where supe- rior skill is required in sanitary arrange- ments, fixing wells, pumps and the like, parties invariably require Mr. Geddes to render his services. THE CAROLINA SPARTAN. One of the oldest papers of the up- country, was originally founded in 1842, and has steadily increased its importance, its circulation now amounting to between 1,700 and 1,800. It appears every Wednesday morning, brings to its read- ers an epitome of the world’s news, well measured criticisms on the topics of the day, miscellaneous literature and several columns of advertisements of the lead- ing merchants of this and other towns. It is 27x41 inches, four page, eight col- umns. The establishment occupies a 2-story building 20x36 feet in extent on the square, equipped with cylinder and job presses, four hands being employed. Major Chas. Petty, the popular owner of this progressive journal, was born and raised in Spartanburg, and in the late war, as Lieutenant in the Thirteenth S. C. Regiment, was in Virginia for four years. At the return of peace he settled in IlMion county, where lie engaged in farming. He was returned to the Legis- lature from that county in 1866. In 1874, he came to Spartanburg, and was four years teaching at Limestone Springs High School. In December, 1878, he became editor and proprietor of the Spartan, with which paper his influence has since been linked. He is a man of liberality and ability, and well merits the standing lie enjoys. WINDSOR HOTEL. H. C. Hewitt, Proprietor. The city of Spartanburg offers very superior accommodation for the travel- ing jmblic at the Windsor Hotel. The building is one of the largest in town, is well located on Main Street four doors from the railroad crossing, where the passengers embark and disembark with- out having to pay omnibus fare, which is a saving of fifty cents to each passen- ger. It has a frontage of 100 feet and 120 total depth, three stories high. The first floor is devoted to office, bath room and other sanitary arrangements all within the building, and the Western Union Telegraph office is also on this floor. On the second floor are din- ing room, with kitchen adjoining, ladies’ and gents’ parlor with a fine piano, on which the guests are often entertained by some splendid performances, both vocal and instrumental, and several sleeping rooms, sample rooms, and a large ball room. The upper story is en- tirely devoted to lodging rooms, which are all very clean and furnished in the best manner, twelve competent and State of Bouts Carolina. 191 obliging hands are employed, and the sleeping rooms number in all forty-two, a ’bus is run to all trains. This hotel is famous for its commodious and airy ar- rangements, its excellent and well ap- pointed table replete with all the delica- cies of the season cooked and served in an exceptional manner, and its moderate charges, and the great attention and care to the minutest wants of the patrons, displayed on the part of its agreeable host. Colonel Hewitt is a native of Virginia, and after the war removed to Georgia, where he for seven years carried on the Globe Hotel in Augusta, and made 175,000. In February, ’72, he bought the famous Catoosa Springs, 24 miles from Chattanooga, and ran it till the cholera in ’73, and the yellow fever in ’74, visited Chattanooga destroying the patronage. In ’78 he sold it out and settled in Spartanburg, and two years ago took the Windsor Hotel. Since then the house has continued a flourishing career, and under his fostering care has gained a wide and steadily growing pat- ronage, from all who wish comfort and a real old Virginia welcome. BURNETT & SVIcDO WELL, Dealers in Heavy and Fancy Gro- ceries, Tobacco and Cigars and Tinsmiths Among the several firms considered in this city, we note with pleasure the house of Burnett & McDowell, who have succeeded fill building up a trade which has proven both lucrative and satisfac- tory. They occupy a spacious store, 25x 85 feet, to which is added a warehouse 25 feet square. Their stock averaging some |4,000_in value includes everything usually classed under the head of staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, sugars, syrups and molasses, spices, country pro- duce, canned meats and fruits, flour, best brands of Cuban and American cigars and tobaccos, etc., all of excellent qual- ity, two hands and a wagon are employ- ed. The_ trade extends over this and ad- jacent counties including those of North Carolina. The house was founded in 1876, as W. A. Burnett & Co., and on 1st January, 1883, the present co-partner- ship was formed. Mr. Burnett is a na- tive of Spartanburg, and long recognized as one of the county’s reliable men of business. His associate, Mr. W. G. Mc- Dow ell is a native of Henderson county, North Carolina, and came here two years ago. We might here mention that the firm have lately started in the tinsmithing bus- iness, in which branch they have exper- ienced workmen employed, and turn out well finished and durable work, and do good repairing of roofs, etc. CEO. W. NICHOLLS, Probate Judge. The above official, one of the most popular men of the county, was born in Spartanburg, was raised on a farm, and finished his education at Furman Uni- versity. He taught school in his native county several years and at the same time commenced reading law, continuing his studies in the office of Evins & Bomar, being admitted in 1876. In November of that year he was elected Probate Judge by a majority of some 3,000. Mr. Nicholls has proved himself fully equal to the responsible duties of his position, and has been re-elected each succeeding term; only once has he been opposed, and that in the primary election of ’78. Mr. Nicholls possesses a splendid power of observing and reasoning, which enables him readily to decide the intricate ques- tions that come before the Probate Court. He has been delegated at various times to county and State Conventions. He was secretary to a school commissioner and also secretary last year to the State Convention. He is a Mason and Past Worshipful Master of the Spartan Lodge, at present an officer in the Grand Lodge. J. H. BLASSINCHAME, County Sheriff. The present Sheriff of Spartanburg county is a gentleman who is peculiarly well fitted for the discharge of the oner- ous and often trying responsibilities of the position. Born in Greenville, South Carolina, Capt. Blassinghame went out into the far West at the age of 21. He was in Kansas in the memorable year of 1854, and all through the territories, see- ing much what is called life. When the war broke out he was in Colorado, but 192 City of Spartanburg, even at that distance, before the days of the Union Pacific, his heart beat in uni- son with that of all true sons of the Pal- metto State. He made the long journey through the enemies'" lines, so to speak, and joined the Fifth South Carolina, be- ing later one of the Palmetto Sharpshoot- ers. He took an active part in the for- tunes of his Regiment, was promoted on the re-enlistment after the first year’s ser- vice to Captain of Company K. He was a brave and gallant soldier. He was slightly wounded at Fraser’s farm, and in the celebrated charge on Fort Harri- son, but nevertheless served gallantly to the end, being present at the Appomat- tox surrender. He was elected Sheriff of this county in 18(15, filling the office till the usurpation in 1868. He then farmed and was engaged in the Treasurer’s em- ploy till 1876, when he was elected Treasurer of the county. He ably filled this post four years, and in 1880, was unanimously chosen to his old position of Sheriff. He is one of those men we often read about but seldom see, in whose characteristics fear is an obsolete word, but at the same time possesses sound rea- son and judgment, and exemplifies great care and prudence in the prosecution of his duties. While in the West, having killed one of the Second United States dragoons who attempted to assassinate him at night, he was put on trial for his life, but was at once acquitted. He was the first postmaster at Atcheson, Kansas. He is a Mason and K. of II. H. D. FLOYD, County Treasurer. This position, perhaps the most respon- sible of county offices calls for a man of sterling integrity, great cai e and exact- ness, and having a knowledge of the best methods of keeping accounts. Captain Floyd was chosen two years ago at the primary election for the office, the duties of which he has since discharged to the satisfaction of the constituency. This fall he is again a candidate for the post and has no opposition. Captain Floyd was born in Newberry, his family moving four years later to Spartanburg where he was thus raised on a farm and continued farming till he was called to his present position. In the war he entered the 18th South Carolina as Second Lieuten- ant, and was later promoted to a First Lieutenancy. He was a brave soldier of the Confederacy, was in all the leading fights the Western army was engaged in, including Jackson, and' lost his left arm in the lines around Petersburg. The captain was County Commissioner a few months in 1873. He is a member of the County Executive Committee and a R. A. Mason. E. BACON, County Auditor. Mr. Bacon, the present incumbent of this office, was born in Clarendon, then Sumter Co., was raised in Greenville and in the late war as a bov saw some service with the State Cadets. He hasbeenalwavs engaged in mercantile life. He came to Spartanburg in 1875, and gained by his agreeable and pleasant manner a large circle of friends. Two years ago he was elected County Auditor against strong opposition, and has since increased his popularity, and this year he is re-recom- mended for the post. By training and inclination Mr. Bacon is qualified to per- form the tedious and difficult duties of this office, in which he has given entire satisfaction to all concerned, and the most suitable man this constituency can find. He is a member of the K. of H. and a valuable aid to the correct working of the county government. B. B. CHAPMAN, School Commissioner. The present able incumbent of this of- fice, Capt. B. B. Chapman, was born in this county, was raised on a farm and finished his education at Wofford Col- lege. In the late war he did gallant ser- vice for the True Cause, as a member of the 13th South Carolina in Lee’s army, was promoted for meritorious service to a Lieutenancy, and on the 3d of May, 1863, at Chancellorsville had his right leg carried away by a cannon ball. After the war the Captain continued farming and also merchandised. He was elected to this position in 1876. and has since held the office, discharging the duties satisfactorily, and has only been once op- SiATB ob BotiTfi Carolina. 193 posed and that in the primary. This fall he is a candidate for the Legislature. STANYARNE WILSON, Lawyer. Mr. Stanyarne Wilson, a young and rising lawyer of Spartanburg, was born in York county, South Carolina, and re- ceived his earlier education at King’s Mountain Military College, graduating from it in 1875. He then went to Wash- ington-Lee University, finishing the graduating course in 1878, and returning to his native town commenced the study of law with W. B. Wilson. He was ad- mitted to the bar in 1880. He practiced a year in Yorkville and came to Spartan- burg in May, 1881, where he has since gained flattering success. Well read in law and a good advocate, Mr. Wilson holds the confidence of a large and stead- ily increasing clientage. He is this fall nominated for the Legislature. His office is located on Law Range in the rear of the courthouse, where parties call- ing on business or otherwise will always find him ready to attend to their wants with becoming grace. Ml. P. BOYD, Dentist. The above, one of the best known pro- fessional men of this section and the oldest dentist practicing in this county, was born in Newberry in 183s, and raised in that county. He took the full j course at the Pennsylvania Dental Ool- ! lege in Philadelphia, and graduated from : there in 1859. He first was in Orange- : burg where he conducted a growing practice till the war. He did gallant . service for the true cause first for six J months in Gregg’s 1st South Carolina, and later with the 3d South Carolina In- fantry, till wounded at the Seven Days fight, by which he was disabled for further activity, being on detached ser- 1 vice till the end of the war. At the re- turn of peace he settled in Union and there enjoyed a lucrative business till 1 ’82, when he moved to Spartanburg. He has here maintained his reputation, and his custom, which comes from the best families of the county and adjacent coun- ties, daily increases. His rooms cen- trally located on the public square oppo= site the courthouse, up-stairs, are nicely furnished and provided with the most improved instruments and conveniences for carrying on dental work, including mounting on gold, and transplanting teeth. We need hardly say the doctor is at home in the details of the science, and his manner is such as to inspire con- fidence in the patients. He has con- tributed at times to various science jour- nals on subjects relative to the profes- sion, and has recently invented a valuable connection to the dental engine. He is a member of the State Dental Associa- tion and stands high in his profession. COFIELD, PETTY & CO. Book Store. This store, located on one of the principal blocks on Main Street, is at- tractive and inviting, forming a fit or- nament to to the town. It occupies two stories 25x55 feet in extent, and the stock is neatly and well displayed so as to allure and hold the attention of admiring custom. This is valued at some $7,000, and includes a large and select lot of standard libraries, novels and pamphlets, a varied assortment of all kinds of stationery, artists’ and draw- ing materials, gold pens, fancy goods, oils and water color drawings, chromos, picture frames, etc., daily and weekly pa- pers, periodicals, college and school books are kept. The business has been established some twenty odd years, and in April, 1880, it came into the hands of the present owners, who have fully up- held its standing. Its trade extends throughout this and adjoining counties and also into North Carolina. The manager, Mr. L. E. Gaston, is experi- enced in the business and gives careful at- tention to patrons. He is assisted by two clerks. LIFE MEDICINE CO., Manufacturers of Dr. Hilton’s Celebrated Medicines — Life for the Liver and Kidneys. It is seldom that we are enabled to praise patent medicine cures, and it is therefore a pleasure when we can speak | of such articles as that of Dr. Hilton’s 194 City of Spartanburg, celebrated medicines. His life for the liver and kidneys is a positive cure for liver and kidney complaints. To those suffering from dyspepsia* indigestion, loss of appetite* or any derangement of the liver or kidneys, we would urge the trial of a single bottle. Relief is imme- diate and sure. Its efficacy in these dis- orders is fully established and unques- tionable. Hundreds of testimonials bear evidence to its merits. A perfect regu- lator to the whole system, it gives vigor of body, purifies the blood, and renders the skin smooth and clear, or, as has many times been remarked by those using it, “makes the skin fresh and smooth like that of a child.” Being entirely vege- table, it may be used at all times with perfect safety. For ladies and children no medicine can equal it for its mild and certain effects. Far superior to any liver pad. A vegetable substitute for calomel. His cough cure and asthma remedy is a syrup ; is unlike any and all other cough preparations. Is the quickest to check a cough and to remove its cause. Stops hemorrhage or bleeding at the lungs. Two or three doses will relieve, and often cure, the worst recent or fresh cough. His iodoform liniment, used externally and internally, is the quickest to subdue pains and aches is tne best application to wounds and sores. Immediately ar- rests flow of blood and heels promptly and soundly. No proud flesh can exist or form where it is used. Almost a spe- cific in burns and scalds, toothache, ear- ache, headache, cramp colic, heartburn, and in counteracting the poison from stings of insects, bites of snakes and of rabid animals ; most beneficial in neural- gia, paralytic rheumatic and affections. His antiseptic dressing and cholera cure have also been prepared with great care and only put on the market after their efficacy was thoroughly tested in the sur- rounding country. The medicines are put up in $1.00, 50 cents and 25 cents sizes. The introduction of the prepara- tions has met with marked success, and they are largely sold and daily gaining ground in South Carolina, Georgia, North Carolina and also throughout other States of the Union. The labora- tory is located at Spartanburg, S. C., where eight hands are employed, and every convenience is enjoyed for the business. Dr. Hilton personally attends to the manufacture. He is a medical practitioner, has made a life study of these kidney and throat diseases, " and after years of experimenting has suc- ceeded in making articles that he confi- dently recommends to the public as su- perior and more effective for their several uses than any made. THE CITY STORE. A. Freisleben, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Dry Goods and Millinery, Fancy Goods and Shoes, Etc. SPARTANBURG, So. Ca. New York Office, - - 471 Broadway. A. H. KIRBY & SON, Fertilizers. This name has long been associated with the progress of the community. Mr. Kirby is a native of this county and was many years engaged in mercantile business in this town, and after the war entered into farming, and now owns one of the largest farms in the countrv, 600 acres bearing fine crops of cotton, corn, wheat, etc. In fertilizers Mr. Kirby has associated his son with him and does a large trade, handling Walton, Whann & Co.’s “Plow. Brand,” a high grade guano, also Edisto and Patapsco brands, all of which have gained a standard reputation wherever used. Mr. Kirby is a Master Mason and a Patron of Husbandry. He was County Commissioner eight years, resigning in 1883. He is at present a School Trustee and a candidate for School Commissioner. J. H. SLOAN &CO., Dry Goods, Shoes, Hats, Trunks, Etc. Among the prosperous business houses of this county, we note the above, which was founded in 1880, as Parrott A Sloan, who dissolved the following year, leav- ing Mr. Sloan alone to prosecute a career so well begun. The prem- ises, located on Main Street, are 30x120 feet, are nicely kept and divided into different departments of drv goods, gro- ceries, boots and shoes, hats and caps, State of South Carolina. 195 trunks and valises. Goods are fresh, of latest style and sold for what they are. Over 1,800 tons of the best guano is handled annually. The stock amounts to between $12,000 and $20,000, accord- ing to the season; six hands are employed and the appointments of the house are in every particular complete. The mem- bers of this establishment are Mr. J. Ii. Sloan and L. C. Cannon. The latter is employed as cashier of the National Bank. Mr. Sloan is a man of long and varied experience in this line. He is a native of Spartanburg county, Mason, Spartan Lodge, and an important ad- junct to the well being of the com- munity. JEROME HALL, Artist Photographer. In noticing this gallery and its work we do it with pleasure, as Mr. Hall is a rare artist and received along education in the best galleries of the city of New York. He was over seven years in Bun- kerhoff’s gallery on Broadway, and for five more conducted an establishment of his own on 8th Avenue. He came South in October last and bought out Robert- son his predecessor in these premises, and fitted up the various rooms of the establishment with that taste and neat- ness which displays his adaptation to an artistic profession. His rooms occupy two floors, on the first of which is a pret- ty reception room with dressing room at- tached, and also working and finishing departments quite removed from visitors eyes. Up stairs is the operating gallery with adjustable light, and dark and printing rooms. Mr. Hall has the best and most improved instruments and fa- cilities for carrying on business, his es- tablishment is in every respect a model one, and can teach a lesson to the other galleries. He turns out a superior class of all kinds of work. His pictures are distinguished for an accurate and just conception of the requirements of the subject, which enables him to force the beauties and attractions into prominence. The gallery is hung with samples of his conception, photographs, landscapes and also oil paintings. Mr. Hall is a native of Syracuse, N. Y., passed as before mentioned most of his life in the city. In following his profession he has a bright future before him. CARLISLE & COFIELD, Staple and Fancy Groceries. One of the most flourishing businesses of this centre is that of Carlisle & Co- field, on the public square. The house was founded in October last, and enjoys a good trade, and is operated on a cash system. The premises varying in width from 25 to 30 feet consist of the store proper 120 feet, and a large lot in the rear. They are clean and nicely ar- ranged; the stock is valued at $4,000 and embraces everything included under the comprehensive heads of staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, sugars, molasses, spices, provisions, fruits, country pro- duce, chewing and smoking tobaccos, etc. Three hands are employed; the in- dividual partners are Mr. C. H. Carlisle, George Cofield, and James Cofield. Mr. Carlisle is the son of a Methodist minis- ter, was born in Pickens and has been in Spartanburg about eight years. A= C. FLOYD, General Merchant. This is a name familiar as one of the leading merchants of Spartanburg. He started business in 1870. The premises consist of a store 25x100 feet on Main Street and a brick warehouse 126 feet deep on Church Street. The store is well adapted for business and contains a $10,000 stock of dry goods, boots and shoes, groceries, hardware, country pro- duce. In this latter Mr. Floyd buys constantly every day. Mr. Floyd also opened in May v ■’83, the furniture store in the Merchants Hotel block, in which is carried a stock of $4,000. The store is 25x100 feet, and goods are attractively displayed. Three hands are employed. Mr. Floyd was born and raised in York and came here in 1870. In the war he was in the Fifth South Carolina in Ahr- ginia and Tennessee and was badly wounded at Raccoon Mountain, near Chattanooga, He was twice an Aider- man and is a support to the financial sta- bility of the county, 196 City of Spartanburg, S. T. SVScCfSAVY, Attorney at Law. A successful lawyer of Spartanburg, was born in this county and passed the earlier parts of his life on a farm, and about the age of seventeen was some time in Florida and Texas. Without the ad- vantages of education, Mr. McCravy entered Furman University, studied two years, 1874 and ’75. After leaving college he was engaged in farming but at the same time studied law; he continued in the office of Blythe & Ansel, of Greenville, and was admitted in 1877. He settled in Spar- tanburg and from having a very limited acquaintance when he came here, has m .de a most gratifying sue ness of his profession and became one of the popular young men of the county. He has al- ways practiced alone with the exception of six months, when the firm was Mc- Cravy & Calvert. He has conducted several interesting cases. Without the scholastic advantages of youth, Mr. Mc- Cravy has made himself the compeer of all those of his age. He is this fall nom- inated for the State Legislature, and he has recently been iniated into the rights of Masonry. His office is on the public square. % flllT # CO, Keep eonstautly on hand a full supply of - -r-V COLLEGE TEXT BOOKS, Together with a complete assortment of Plain and Fancy Stationery, K A l ljj, \{fc - AND — — — BLANK BOOKS. i — -sei^vss* — i WE ALSO CARRY _A_ SELECT STOGIE OE Standard and Mince l l a neo mb Works, OUEAAIP LIBRARIES, NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES AND GENERAL LITERATURE. ORDERS SOLICITED. m i!lli| Nm ^ (Spartanburg Book Store,) SPARTAiNBUKG, S. C. V v • . UNION, S. C. In 1755, the first settlement of this county took place, chiefly by emigrants from Virginia. The progress of population was very slow until Governor Glen formed his treaty with the Cherokee Indians, when a considerable influx of inhabitants was the result. It lies in the Piedmont region of country, and in the granite region. It is bounded on the northeast by Broad river, which separates it from Chester, most of York and a small part of Fairfield. On the northwest by the following lines: be- ginning at a point on the Broad river half a mile above the mouth of Cherokee creek, and running thence south 29 miles west to Pacolet river; thence south 331- miles west to the intersection of Fairforest creek; thence south 6-^ miles west across the Tyger river to Iiackett’s creek; thence south 17 miles west two miles 28 chains to the Cross-key road; thence south 12 miles west to a dead Spanish oak on the north bank of the Enoree river, a little above Musgrove’s ford opposite Gordon’s mills, which lines divide it from Spartanburg; on the southwest by the Enoree river down to Avery’s ford, which divides it from Laurens; thence across Crenshaw’s ford on the Tyger river and down this to its junction with the Broad river, which forms its southeast boundary and divides it from Newberry. The average length of the county is 30 miles, breadth 18, and number of acres 345,600. The principal streams in the county have retained their original Indian names, the Enoree and Pacolet. The Tyger river is said to have derived its name from a battle that took place on its banks between a tyger and a bear. The tyger was found to be the victor, though sorely wounded; the bear was killed. The Indian name of the river was Amoyes-cheeh. There are a few short-leaf pine trees here, but the principal timber trees are — the various species of oak, the hickory, poplar, maple, black walnut, chestnut, syc- amore, birch, dogwood, persimmon, locust, beech and ash. The fruit trees are the peach, apple, plum, pear, nectarine, besides numerous varieties of nuts and berries. The woods abound with wild grapes. The climate and geology is that of the Pied- mont section. Abundance of granite has been in this county since the beginning of the century. Many of the locks at the shoals and some of the principal build- ings are made of it. SOIL. Clay is predominant mixed with sand, gravel and rock. The connty is broken and rolling, and the land" is cultivated to advantage. On the rivers and creeks are considerable bodies of low ground principally of rich clay. The ridges which divide the water courses are of a thin gravelly soil, and the intermediate lands con- sist of a red, chocolate-colored clay, or gray sandy soil. The soil is well adapted to the culture of cotton particularly the lower parts of the county; the low grounds to Indian corn, and the high lands to wheat, rye, oats, barley peas, and pumpkins. The sweet and Irish potato grows well. The county has eighteen towns and trading settlements with eighty-four stores, as follows : Union C. H. 48, Santuc 8, Jonesville 5, Cross Keys and Skull Shoals 4 each, Montjoy 3 ; Fish Dam, Mount Tabor and Smithford 2 each ; Ashbury, Cole- rain, Goshen Hill, Gurdysville, Meador, Pinegrove, Sedalia, West Spring and Wil- kinsville 1 store each. The prohibition law is in force and is generally conceded to 202 Town of Union, have benefited the community. Of this number there are 3 sell dry goods, 25 mis- cellaneous and 31 general merchandise. The estimated wealth of the storekeepers is $785,000. UNION COURTHOUSE Is a unique and remarkable town in many ways. Of towns of its size it is the best built in the State, and New England visitors have often said that in this respect, in substantiality and neatness, it puts the “comfortable villages” of the “Ray State” in the shade. The stores which are all within a stone’s throw of one another on the Main Street are built entirely of brick, and the private residences are as tasteful in outward appearance as they are comfortable in interior arrangement. Those of Captain Foster and Wm. A. Nicholson without being gaudy are regal in their ap- pointments, while that of Judge Wallace presents the solid comfort which seems to have always characterized the residences of this community. The people of Unffin are exceedingly hospitable, law-abiding and what Carlyle would term “sufficient.” Undisturbed by booms, social, political or commercial, they have continued to progress and grow wealthy while others have been looking for help from foreign sources. The high standing Union enjoys to-day she owes to herself and to none other. Her people, as we said, are sufficient, they are wise and careful, not carried away by the vain glory or pomp of the world ; talented and edu- cated, they have suited themselves to circumstances and not tried to divert nature in what they might consider the right channels. Ten years ago her bar, comparative with its numbers, was the strongest in the State, and even to-day, though her law- yers are mostly young men. holds the respect of the people of South Carolina. The credit of her merchants is only equalled bv one other county capital in the State, namely, Bennettsville, where the speculative and competitive influence caused by the introduction of railroads has not yet reached. There have been two failures here in the last thirty-five years, and a protested claim is a thing unknown. The business men are almost entirely natives of the county or adjoining counties, the exception being made by three Scotchmen who just remember that they were born in a foreign land, having come here before the war, and there are no Israelites in business here. The general tone of the community is such as to inspire a stranger with respect and affectionate remembrance, and the society in its placid serenity and virtue approaches the ideal. There are Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian and Episcopal churches, all well attended and all having large Sabbath Schools. The Episcopal church is a neat stone building faced with granite is a masterpiece of the mason’s art, and an ornament to the landscape; interiorly, it is subdued but elegant, the roof and seats, etc., being of carved oak. UNION COUNTY STATISTICS. Agricultural. ' Number of acres planted and total yield of the following crops in 1882 — cotton 56,000 acres, 9,576.342 pounds of lint, yield per acre 18S pounds; cost of producing merchantable cotton is S40 for a 500 pound bale; corn. 42,583 acres, 721.911 bushels, per acre 17 bushels; oats, 8,787 acres, 193.314 bushels, per acre 22 bushels; wheat, 10,132 acres, 91,188 bushels, per acre 9 bushels; rice, sorghum and sugarcane small; sweet potatoes, 411 acres, 35,756 bushels; Irish potatoes, 82 acres, 9,594 bushels; peas. 1.464 acres, 16,104 bushels; honey, 18,613 pounds: wax. 1.541 pounds: milk, 787 gallons sold; butter, 231,227 pounds made; poultry, 45.847: eggs, 150,072 dozens sold. As a fruit growing county Union stands far ahead of any other in the State, notwithstanding that its acreage is comparatively small 9.117 bushels of apples, and 16,583 bushels of peaches were harvested in 1882. Reaches are produced which for size, quality and sweetness, surpass anything grown in this part of the continent. Stock on hand 1882— work oxen, 195: milch cows. 3.797: other cattle. 4,517; sheep, 2,828; lambs dropped, 923; fleece clipped, 4,908 pounds; swine, 10,134. Fertilizers used in tons in ’82— ammoniated, 610; acid phosphate, 763; kainit, 153; StaI’e oE South OARotiHA. 20 § chemicals, 169; total, 1,695; used in composting, 695; kainit used in 1881, 204. Amount of farm supplies purchased was $322,676; on time, $264,595. Cash and time prices of the following articles Was: corn, $1.05 and $1.31; bacon 10c. and 14c. per pound; flour $9.00 and $10.00 per barrel; meal, $1.13 and $1.41 per bushel; hay, $1.50 and $1.90 per 100. Number and kinds of improved agricultural implements in use in 1882 — 4 sowers, 25 reapers, 17 sulky ploughs, 500 guano distributors, 25 harrows, 2 grain drills, 54 steam engines on farms, with aggregate horse-power of 324. Wages paid to farm laborers is about $100 to men and $50 to women, per annum, with board. The system of labor most in use is for the land owners to furnish the laborer with land, farming implements and work-stock — the owner feed- ing the animals — and then to divide the crops equally between the landlord and the laborer. The opinions of the people differ greatly as to the efficacy of the lien law, but the preponderence is in favor of its abolition, as it is injurious to all classes. The prohibition law is in force and well observed and seems to give satisfaction. The chief needs of farmers, according to the opinions of some of the most practical men of the county, are better county roads and greater facilities forgetting an education. The establishment of good schools would be the best possible investment for the people, better than factories, desirable as these may be, better than railroads, or even the repeal of the lien law, which many think the greatest desideratum of all. MANUFACTURES AND MINES. There is little manufacturing in the county. Flour and grist mills in operation 38, employing 70 persons. Lumber mills do only a small local trade, and there is one wagon factory located at Union C. H., see article Robinson & Allen. There are five gold mines in the county, two of which are in successful opera- tion. The West mine is owned by a company of Northern proprietors, and is lo- cated 12 miles northwest of Union C. H. The veins are in talc and mica slate for- mation. A twenty stamp mill is in operation day and night, 50 to 75 hands are employed, with a capital of $20,000. The value of the ore is from $2 to $50 a ton. The Thomson mines adjoins this, the veins are in the same formation and a ten stamp is in operation. The hands employed number 20, and the ore runs in value from $5 to $100 per ton. The Mott mine was operated before the war by South Carolinians and gave fair profits. The Norris &Nucholls mine is located 16 miles northeast of the C. Id., was operated before the war and yielded an immense profit, see article Rice & McLure, Union. The Posey mine is also near the West mine, and when operated was considered very rich. REAL ESTATE, ETC. There is next to no land for sale at any price in this county. Assessed value of property is $3,252,910. Real estate not in cities, towns and villages — Arable laud 110,079 acres, value $481,960; meadow and pasture lands 230,505 acres, value 999,680; wood, uncultiva- ted and marsh land 64,424 acres, value $292,310; this number of acres is one of the very lowest in the State proportionate to the size of the county; buildings 3,935, value $504,470; total acreage 405,008, value $1,773,970; total value of all country real es- tate $1,978,440. Real estate in cities, town and villages — Lots 283, value $815,90; buildings 427, value $185,440; total value of urban real estate $267,030; total value of all taxable real estate $2,245,470. Total value of all taxable personal property is $994,400; per capita $41.29. Railroad property — Spartanburg, Union and Columbia, 364 miles, cost $4,000 per mile; total value $148,450. Taxes in mills. — State tax 4|; school 2; ordinary county 24; interest on railroad bonds 34; retiring railroad bonds 1; poor house 4j total 14J. POPULATION. In 1790 was 7,693; 1800, 10,237; 1810, 10,995; 1820, 14.126; 1830, 17,906; 1840. 18,936; 1850, 19,832; 1860, 19,635; 1870, 19,248; 1880, 24,080. REPRESENTATIVE HOUSES AND PROMINENT MEN -OF — UNION, S. C. WHfl. HEI^RY WALLACE, Circuit Judge. The post of umpire or settler of dis- putes is the most important office that a community or social circle can bestow and the holder of it is the most respected and valued personage in the sphere of which he is by common consent chosen head. We see it in the family circle — the children appeal to their parents as the best way of settling their trivial quarrels, the juniors lay their grievances before their revered seniors to judge be- tween the rights of disputants, and it is in all organizations, in the municipal council, the Legislature, the Senate, the Congress that there is some marked mind whose opinion carries more weight than any other and whose criticism is always looked for on any point which comes up for discussion. That mind is in fact the king of the little circle ; and tracing the j same phases upwards, we come to the Judge who sits on the bench and whose decisions, after he has heard and weighed in the balance all evidence for and against, are accepted as conclusive. He is thus the chief person in the territorv over which his sway extends, and there- fore it is with no small degree of pride that we turn to honor these pages with the life of one who holds the leading po- sition in this district and who has gained distinction as a lawyer, soldier and states- man. William Henry Wallace was born in Laurens county, 24th March, 1828. His family, of Scotch descent, were long resi- dent in that county, but his father, who was an opulent merchant and in his life- time a member of Congress from this State and a Major-General, moved to Union in 1833. Young Wallace thus passed his earlier years in this county, and when the time came was sent to Cokesbury where he was prepared for college. He graduated from South Caro- lina University in 1849 and commenced the study of law with Judge Dawkins of Union. Having large planting inter* sts to attend to, he did not seek admission to the bar till 1860. That same year he was elected to the Legislature and sat two sessions. Called by the voice of his country to arms, he left the benches of the House to join the Eighteenth South Carolina Eegiment. He entered Company A as private, was soon appointed Adjutant, and before they got to Virginia was pro- moted to the rank of Lieut. -Colonel. At second Manassas, the first important bat- tle his regiment was engaged in, he sue- n. rv- §tate of South Oarolika. 205 ceeded to the full command, Col. Gad- berry being killed in that fight. Col. Wallace commanded bis regiment in all the engagements Longstreet’s corps was present at such as to merit the praise of his superiors and gain the confidence of his men. Soon after the explosion of the mine at Petersburg he succeeded Elliott as Brigadier-General. His brigade con- sisted of the 17th, 18th, 22d, 23d and 26th and the Holcombe Legion, and at the surrender at Appomattox was part of Gordon's, formerly Jackson’s, corps. Strange to say, though present wherever Southern muskets and Southern men were most required in the thickest of the Virginia campaigns, the General, though many times hit — as often as eight times in one of the hottest battles — was never severely wounded. Returning home he resumed the prac- tice of law, forming the partnership of Wallace & McKissick, which lasted ten years. Having acquitted himself gal- lantly as a soldier, he naturally increased the popularity he had before enjoyed. He obtained the confidence of a nume- rous clientage, conducted his cases with great success, and in his district enjoyed the largest practice at the bar. He was elected to the Legislature in 1872, the first Democrat from a Radical county, a sig- nificant fact, when he afterwards became the leader of first Democrat House. He was again elected to the Legislature in the memorable year of ’76, and on the 28th November was chosen Speaker of the House. The fame of the Wallace House is a matter of record. Its action in finally ousting the Radical Representatives, who also chose a Speaker and claimed to be elected by the voice of the people, is a prominent feature in South Carolina’s history. The body presented the appear- ance of a dual government, the Radical party finally giving way. In this proce- dure the Speaker was the support of his party, and it was only by his coolness and immovable determination that the Demo- crats were finally victorious. Since that day the politics of South Carolina have had a new life, and the intelligence of white men has legislated for her. Gen. Wallace was elected to the bench on the 5th December, 1877, and has since filled that position, given the greatest satisfaction to the people and become quite a favorite Avith the bar. As a Judge he possesses the wide qualifications neces- sary to fill the post with ability, and if he has one virtue more than another, it is his clear headedness, his liberality, un- biased neutrality and his wonderful fund of practical common sense. He was solicited to become a candidate for Chief Justice, but refused to run against his old schoolmate Simpson. He is generally regarded as the man for the first vacancy on the Supreme Bench or in the United States Senate. The Judge is a prominent member of the Masonic Order and Past Grand Mas- ter. He has been delegate to every State Convention since the war and also to the National Convention at Baltimore in 1872. He is as happy in his social rela- tions as he is eminent and successful in his professional and public life. He is tall and portly, a hard worker, and has what Shakespeare gives as the peculiarly distinctive quality of those in high and responsible offices, dignity and formality, governed by an ease aud grace that is most entertaining, and that “natural magne- tism ” that captivates all who have the fortune to come in immediate contact with him. FOSTER & WSLKI^S, Hardware, Dry Goods, Shoes, Etc. In a town of the nature and size of Union, there are houses which have tended in a great measure to nurture, build up and increase its importance as a centre of supply, and which collective- ly, may be classed as the bulwark of its financial solidity. Perhaps standing at the head of these is the well known house of Foster & Wilkins, general merchants. The firm was founded in 1868, and from the first inception has continued to pros- per till their trade is generally credited as being the most extensive from this centre. It ramifies into the adjacent counties of Laurens, Chester and Spar- tanburg. A year after starting they moved into their present location, and in 1872 were in common with a large por- tion of the town burned out, but at once erected the handsome building they now occupy, one of the substantial ornaments of the main street. It is situated oppo- site the hotel, is 25x134 feet in dimen- Town of UniOn, 206 sions and three stories high. The base- ment, lit all along one side, is used for the storage of heavy hardware and plan- tation goods, and opens conveniently in the rear for receipt and shipment; the street or main floor is well arranged and adapted as the selling department, a spa- cious and well appointed office being in the rear, and the upper floor is occupied as a clothing department. The stock, averaging from $15,000 to $20,000 con- tains a full line of foreign and domestic dry goods, fancy, dress and white goods, American notions, boots and shoes, New York and London hats and caps, English cutlery, guns, pistols and ammunition. They also control sale of Household sew- ing machine. In hardware, they keep the most extensive assortment in this county, including bar iron and steel, car- riage and blacksmith supplies, corn and cotton mill findings, nails, cordage, paints and oils, sole leather, agricultural implements of all kinds, whippletrees, plows, hoes, harrows, gins, feeders and condensers, and they are agents for the ever-famous McCormick’s reapers, mow- ers and binders, and the celebrated “Farmer’s Favorite” grain drill, made by Brickford & Huffman, and the Chi- cago screw pulverizer. Even the most casual observer visiting the house cannot but be impressed with the extent, system and completeness of the institu- tion, which requires a large force of com- petent hands. The members of this solid firm are Messrs. A. II. Foster and Wm. Wilkins. The latter is head of the well known Greenville house, Wilkins, Poe & Co., q. v., and Capt. Foster is also member of that firm. These partners have implicit confidence in one another and exchange visits about once a year. Capt. Foster is a man experienced, en- terprising and reliable. He is a native of Union county, was raised in Spartan- burg, and in the war as Captain of Com- pany D, Palmetto Sharpshooters, did four years good service for the Confed- eracy, being in all the fights Longstreet’s corps was engaged at in Virginia and Tennessee, and finally surrendering at Appomattox. The Captain is one of the most popular men of the county, his name has been several times used against his wish as candidate for important city and county offices, but his large business necessarily demands all his time and at- tention. Backed by limitless capital, no end of experience, having grown up with this county from comparative poverty to substantial opulence, with such a relia- ble hand at the helm, this house will long live to promote the advancement and support the high credit the county has always enjoyed. WM. A. NICHOLSON, Banker, and Dealer in Fertilizers, Bagging and Ties. The facilities of banking, especially in its relations to the interchange and loan- ing of money has always been a principal factor in the advancement of trade and commerce, and the want of them a great drawback to the growth of any com- munity and in this country, by nothing is the happy intercourse of trading so re- tarded as by the absence of currency and consequently the monopoly enjoyed by a few in the handling of coin. It has been long a source of annoyance to the poorer classes of farmers and traders, who pos- sess ample security in the shape of real estate, crops and other staples, that al- ways command a price in a legitimate market, that those who hold the purse strings of the State take full advantage of this scarcity of money and raise its value to a point that absolutely means stagnation of trade, or at least the aboli- tion of all profits where cash is required to carry on business. It is, therefore, with pleasure that we note in Union county facilities and conveniences offered for the loaning of money, which places it at a reasonable rate of interest, on the demand of men, who have ample and secure collaterals. The gentleman who has brought this about, Mr. Wm. A. Nicholson, is de- serving of all praise, for at a compara- tively small rate of interest he is ready to advance any amount of cash on reason- able security. This does away to a large extent with the system of liens, where merchants charge from 25 to 50 per cent, over the cash selling price of the staple products, and thus the farmer makes an average saving of 25 to 30 per cent, on his wealth. We need hardly say such obvi- ous conveniences are appreciated and consequently Mr. Nicholson is patronized State of South Carolina. 207 and appealed to by a large number of farmers of tlie county, and his cash capi- tal, which by the way is said to be the largest in the county, instead of lying idle is always in service and doing active and salient good to a wide circle of in- dustrious men. He started business in this town in 1860, and was among the first to intro- duce into this section fertilizers, which have proved the greatest boon to the worn out lands of the country. He handles now from 300 to 400 tons, and in cotton over 1,500 bales passes thro’ his books annually. He also deals extensively in bagging and ties and keeps in stock a good selection of the famous Western buggies and Old Hickory wagons. In fire insurance he writes policies for the Continental, the Providence, Wash- ington, the Crescent and the Norwich Union, names synonymous with liberali- ty, wealth and stability. His premises are located on Main street near the depot. The main build- ing is a handsome two-story new brick one, 35x120 feet in extent, while the warehouse 130 feet long by 25 feet on the railroad track, is used for the storage of fertilizers. Mr. Nicholson is also a No- tary Public, having been appointed by Gov. Simpson. In his neatly arranged office he receives all with becoming grace, transacts his affairs with a promp- titude, exactness and reliability, that have placed him in an envied position as one of the leading financiers and busi- ness men of upper South Carolina. He is a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, is by trade a marble carver, and was many years with one of the first houses in Edinburgh in this line. He came out to the United States in 1857, and two years later settled in Union. In the late war he served in the Macbeth Artillery, was disabled, placed on light duty, and at the close was chief clerk for Dr. Thomson, in the hospital in Columbia. He is a R. A. Mason, and K. of II., and is chosen as Commissioner of the County to attend to the collection and forward- ing of specimens and samples to the New Orleans Exposition. He is an ex- warden of the town and withal a man to whom the community owes much and will owe more as she grows in prosperity and advances in importance and wealth. He owns the hall which is used for pub- lic entertainments. Builder and Contractor and Deal- er in Carriages, Wagons and Buggies. The first and most important of arts wherever men become gathered together is that of carpenter and builder. In the embryo prairie settlement he is the first whose services are called into requisi- tion to add to man's comfort and con- venience, when that settlement has grown into a city its growth and impor- tance is best exemplified in its buildings, and when that city in the march of civ- ilization is deserted by its once opulent inhabitants, the work of the builder re- mains for generation and centuries, bear- ing in its style and structure to the chil- dren of time the most exact representa- tions and most correct knowledge of the habits and greatness of those who live on the pages of books alone. Nothing makes life so miserable as an uncomfort- able and inconvenient home, nothing adds more to the pleasure of living than a neat and well arranged dwelling, and nothing is more important in the further- ance of trade than substantial and well built warehouses and stores. The arti- san, merchant and the millionaire alike take equal jn’ide in having their work- shops, stores and residences, built with a view of affording most comfort and beau- ty, and by nothing can this be more plainly proven than by a brief examina- tion of the stores and residences in and around Union C. II. These have been largely erected by and under the super- vision of Mr. Rodger. When Union has become a city, num- bering her factories, her churches, her schools, her mansions, her warehouses by the dozen, running through them all the student of architecture will still ob- serve a vein of similarity, which he will discern is only an augmented reflection of the styles that have been now adopted. Mr. Rodger has had a long, eventful, and if our readers will follow us to the end of the chapter they will admit also a useful life. He was born on 12th January, 1822, in that old University town, the home of 208 Town of Union, scholars, whose dogmas oft convulsed the institutions of the land, whose tal- ents as oft united the warring factions of government and church. On the grassy slopes of St. Andrews, crowning tiiose craggy cliffs that have since the dawn of time defied the storms of the North Sea, the subject of our sketch passed the earlier years of his life, and in the bleak cold winds that sweep across the ocean, acquired perhaps that hardy ability for work that has made him the compeer of his fellow-men. He learned his trade as a carpenter in his native town, and in 1845 moved to Glasgow, where he was foreman in one of the largest establishments of that city. In 1848 he took ship for the United States, and came straight to friends in Union county, and without a dollar start- ed in to work the day after his arrival. In 1850 he settled in the town, and was engaged to do many of the most impor- tant jobs, including the wood work on the addition to the courthouse made in 1857. He soon saved considerable mon- ey and on 5th November, 1855, bought out a tinning establishment on Main St., now conducted by his~som_ He also car- ried on a general merchandise business, ; and invested the increasing profits l largely in real estate. On this he erected 1 various dwellings and stores, and grad- ually found himself becoming the prin- cipal contractor of the town. As above mentioned most of the leading struct- ures point to his operations in this line; the hotel owned by a stock company of which he is President, the largest stores on Main St., and some of the finest res- idences in the city and county have been put up by him. He is a director and shareholder in the two Building and Loan Associations, one ten years and the other three years existant. He has also had his misfortunes to battle against. He was burned out in 1860, and in 1872 a whole block of his was destroyed by fire, and in 1877, when in Europe, he also lost by fire by being uninsured. In the war he served four years for the Con- federacy. He entered the 5th South Carolina a year as musician and later in the ranks took part in all the fights till Seven Pines, when appointed wagon master of the 4th Brigade. At the close of the war be brought the wagon home, and delivered it to the Brigade Quartermaster at Chester. Mr. Rodg- er has also been in public life. He was Intend ant of the town one term, 1869 and ’70, he was Warden 9 years, and 8 years Secretary and Treasurer of the Council, and in these offices gained great popularity. He is also a R. A. Mason, and many years Treasurer of both the R. A. and Blue Lodges of Union. With immense property in and out of the city limits, his time is largely taken up holding together and attending to the utilization of his substantial ac- cumulations, for his own and the public benefit. He has however, still a store located on Main St., where he carries a full stock of Tennessee wagons and Co- lumbus buggies, and does in them a large trade. He owns 18 acres of farm land in the incorported limits, last year produced 10 bales of cotton on them, and this year the wheat has run as high as 474 bushels to the acre. He is one of the three oldest married men living in this town, he is a leading member of the Presbyterian ehnrch, and enjoys the confidence of the commun- ity. ROBERSON & GR3MBALL, Cotton Buyers and General Mer- chants. Among the representative houses in this county, the above takes a leading and prominent place, and is conducted on a basis that places it on a par with similar establishments throughout the State. It was founded in 1881, and from its inception has steadily increased its transactions which now amount to about 860.000 annually. They occupy a spacious building 25x150 feet in extent, and the premises consist of main floor, basement and millinery room. This lat- ter department has been recently added to the institution, and being the only thing of the kind in town, has met with a large patronage, two competent and experienced hands being employed. The stock contains a full line of foreign and domestic dry goods, fancy and dress goods, hosiery, boots and shoes, hats and caps, staple and fancy groceries, shelf and heavy hardware, farm imple- ments, etc.; it averages from 812,000 State of South Carolina. 209 to $15,000 in value, it is retailed most- ly on the lien system, and the trade extends over the whole county. They handle a large share of the cotton brought to this town, and sell annual- ly some 300 tons of fertilizers. The members of this firm, Messrs. C. R. Roberson and H. M. Grimball are well known among the reliable men of this county. The former is a native of Union, a Mason, K. of H., influential in politics, discharged the duties of Intendant one term, and is largely en- gaged attending to his extensive inter- ests as one of the most opulent farm- ers of the county. Capt. Grimball. is a native of Charleston. In the war was with the Arsenal Cadets, and is K. of H. He has been 11 years identi- fied with the growth of this section, and is an energetic, live and progress- ive business man. RICE & McLURE, General Merchants. Among the merchants of leading im- portance in this county, the above house takes a place in the front rank. The business was established immediately after the war as Rice & Rawls, in ’75 the name became Rice, McLure & Co., and in ’7 8 the present style name was adopted. The premises they occupy are well ar- ranged and spacious, are 25x140 feet, and are filled with a stock of general mer- chandise, valued at from _$10,000 to $15,000 according to the season. It eon- sistsmf staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, sugars, spices, flour, bacon, grain, etc., dry goods, boots and shoes, hats and caps, shelf and heavy hardware, and all farmer’s and plantation supplies. Five hands ai’e employed and the business mostly done on the lien principle reaches from $40,000 to $50,000 annually. In fertilizers they handle the best brands and their cotton purchases amount to over 1,000 bales. The members of this firm are Messrs. S. M. Rice and J. W. McLure. The first named is a native of Union, i's' largely engaged planting, is one of the biggest land owners in the county, is an extensive railroad contrac- tor and - miner, and is at present building the road from Laurens to Spartanburg and Greenville. In the war he was in Boyce’s Artillery. Captain McLure, who mostly attends to the business is a native of Chester, came to this country in 1847. He merchandised and planted till the war when he joined the 5th South Caro- lina Regiment as Lieutenant, and on the re-organization became cpuartermaster of the Palmetto Sharpshooters, Jenkins’ Brigade. At the cessation of hostilities he continued planting till ’75, when he sold out all his land except a farm he still runs in the suburbs of the town. The Captain is one of the best business men of the town, and has done much to increase the importance of Union. He is a member of the Episcopal church and personally is tall, and his entertaining manner leaves nothing to be desired. He has a large interest in the Knuckles & Norris Gold Mine, located in LTnion county, 16 miles north of the Courthouse. The mine was worked 40 years ago, and even with the simple methods used for extraction it was very profitable. The ore had to be hauled several miles to the river where it was worked, and when we think that the California mines were not then discov- ered we can form some idea of the prim- itive methods that Messrs. Knuckles & Norris must have used. In ’56 Captain McLure bought the mine, and after the war the ground was somewhat explored and splendid veins were found and the metal is also found in the sands in the bed of the stream by the disintegration of the rock in the hill. By the explora- tion a regular fissure vein from 16 to 20 feet in thickness was cut through dis- closing fine specimens of quartz veins. With the proper machinery the mine has every appearance of being able to give a plenteous yield. The ore was sent to the Charlotte mint where Mr. Hannon, the United States assayer, got results as high as 119 pennyweight to the ton, and the very lowest lie could obtain by picking the samples was $6. All that Captain McLure is in search of is a practical miner to superintend the working of the mine, when he and his friends will be willing to advance plenty of funds, and this mint of dead wealth will become a source of profit to the county and the world. 210 Town of Union JAS. GftAPIT, Mason and Builder. The experienced and educated mason is always becoming a greater and greater necessity in the growing cities of our country, and Union in the person of Mr. Jas. Grant fortunately possesses one of those rarities, to exemplify whose ability we only point to a large portion of the main buildings of the city and congratu- late on the fruits of efforts which have been directed to make Union second to no other town of its size in the Union. Mr. Grant was born in Huntly, Scot- land, and learned his trade as a mason in Aberdeen, and at an early age we find him called upon to undertake some of the most difficult jobs that were entrusted to the house he was employed with. He was sent to Edinburgh to build resi- dences and execute fine work in that city, which on account of its location and the magnificence of its streets and buildings has gained itself the cognomen of mod- ern Athens. He remained there two years, amassed quite a little sum of money, returned home and soon after in 1851 came out to the United States. He arrived in Montreal, soon crossed over to Hew York and then settled in Charles- ton, where he remained till the war. During these years he moved about with his family and at the cessation of hostil- ities settled in Union. The war threw him on his beam ends, and he was well nigh giving his business' up in despair when a fire occurred which reduced the main portion of the town to a heap of ruins. It is an ill wind that blows no- body good, says the adage, and in this case the proverb is exemplified, for Mr. Grant, being the only mason in the com- munity, soon found his services in great demand. For years his hands were con- stantly full of work, till the town gradu- ally assumed the appearance it bears to- day, and its beauty, regularity and sub- stantiality points to a painstaking and experienced head of no mean or ordinary j ability. To-day Mr. Grant looks back with contentment on a life of earnest toil, resulting in a happy and fortunate : state of things. He lives in a spacious dwelling with a large garden in the rear, opposite the courthouse. Mr. Grant is a jovial Scotchman, can spin many a ; merry yarn of his varied experience of life, and makes at home all who call upon his hospitality. REUBEN T. CEE, Dealer in General Merchandise, American Sewing Machines and Fertilizers. This is one of the most reliable houses in Union that we have visited, and is well worthy of mention among the en- terprises of the city. Its inception dates back to 1875, when the name was Gee & Humphries, and since 1881, by the death of the junior partner July 20, ’81, Mr. Gee has carried on business alone. His premises consist of a spacious store 30x80 feet in dimensions, well lit and fitted with modern conveniences, and a ware- house in the rear used for storage of heavy groceries. The stock carried averaging from 88,000 to 810,000 in value, consists of as full a line of general merchandise as can be found anywhere; it contains choice groceries, teas, coffees, sugar, molasses, bacon, provisions, canned goods, etc. ; a large assortment of staple dry goods from the best foreign and do- mestic looms, fancy and white goods, boots and shoes for ladies’, gents’ and children's wear, latest styles in hats and caps, shelf and heavy hardware, agricul- tural implements, etc. Mr. Gee also handles large quantities of the famous Ashepoo fertilizers, and has always on hand a good selection of the American sewing machines. An experienced mer- chant confining his attention strictly to business, Mr. Gee caters for the country trade, offers superior goods at low rates and enjoys a large and increasing patron- age. He is a native of Union, and in the late war served with the Macbeth Artil- lery. He is a R. A. Mason, K. of H., and a member of the Methodist denomi- nation. JAMES H. RODGER, Groceries, Stoves, Hardware. Tin- ware Manufacturer. Etc. This house prominently represents in Union the stove and tinware trade. Mr. Rodger succeeded his father in 1877. and has increased a business which was al- ways well patronised. His store 26x75 State of South Carolina. $ii feet in extent is well arranged, and his shop is fitted with all the best tools and conveniences for repairing and manufac- turing. A warehouse is also used for storage purposes, and the stock comprises a full line of staple groceries, the latest patterns in kitchen, parlor and bedroom stoves, shelf and heavy hardware and farming tools. He is agent for the pop- lar “Farmer Girl” kitchen stove, and the famous Buckeye Force Pump, one of the most valuable inventions of the present age, used in cases of fire, for washing buggies, sprinkling lawns, wa- tering flower beds and gardens, washing win- dows and like purpo- ses. It throws a steady stream of water 60 feet, and can be worked by hand or windmill. The estab- lishment turns out ex- cellent work in tin- ware, stove pipes, and sheet-iron pans, and in this department Mr. Rodger employs the year through two com- petent hands which enables him to attend, at short notice, to or- ders for tin-roofing, guttering and repairing. He pays highest cash prices for dry hides and beeswax. Mr. Rodger is one of the young enter- prising men who are rapidly increasing the importance of Union as a centre of trade. He was born in Scotland, but came here a few months old. He is a Master Mason and during the latter part of the war did some service on the coast with the militia. COL, i. Q. McKISSICK, A strong and well-known member of the Union bar and one of the most popu- lar men in this section of the State, was born and raised in Union county. At the age of 25 he was elected to the office of Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas and continued in office till February, 1867. In 1860 the Colonel was elected Brigadier-General of cavalry ; and when the war broke out no one girded on his sword more readily and fewer showed themselves more worthy of carrying one. He went out as Captain Company D, Holcombe Legion Cavalry, and com- manded the Legion in some of its most notorious skirmishes, and engagements, in which his conduct was highly com- mended by his superior officers. Near Cold Harbor in 1864 he was wounded severely in the right thigh, was then promoted to the rank of Lieut. - Colonel of the Seventh South Carolina Cavalry. In the winter of 1864. while in the hospital, he served in the Legisla- ture. At the close of the war he resumed his duties as Clerk of the Court, studied law with A. W. Thomson, Esq., and was ad- mitted to practice in December. 1866. In February following he opened his office and soon took a leading place at the bar, and has since ranked as one of the most successful and able lawyers in the up country. The Colonel is also con- spicuous in political life ; he is the strongest man in Union county and counts many friends at his back. in ’68- 69 he was Intendant of the town. In ’70 lie was elected to Congress on the Demo- cratic ticket but was cheated out of his seat. Since ’78 he has been continuously elected to the Legislature, and again nominated this year by an overwhelming majority. Few men in the House can equal him as an orator and he is the man of the county for an impromptu speech. He takes a prominent and active part in the proceedings of the House and is always a member of several committees. He was on the committee on claims during his first term, second term he was Town of HnioIL §i§ on the judiciary, and the last term the ways and means, and was also chairman of the State House and grounds commit- tee. He introduced and passed the law to imprison the culprit for taking a horse without intent to steal. He passed in February, ’80, the bill known as “Mc- Kissick’s Fee Bill,” which virtually re- established the old fee bill of 1839. The Colonel is personally, as the saying goes, a regular “trump,” and one of the solid standby’s of the county and State. He is also well up in Masonry, is a Past Master of the Grand Lodge and R. A. and Council and also member of the Knights of Honor. COL. D. P. DUNCAN, President the South Carolina Agri- cultural and Mechanical Society. The above gentleman is another of the members of the family of this name, who have become prominent and influential factors in the material and social work- ing of this State. He ivas born in Vir- ginia in 1840, is a son of Professor Dun- can whose life is noticed along with the article on D. R. Duncan, of Spartan- burg. In 1854 he moved with his family to Spartanburg, he entered the Citadel with the class of 1863 and ’64, served one year of the war with the State corps of Cadets on James Island and the Savan- nah road. In 1867 he married the only daughter of the late Ex- Governor TV. H. Gist, and moved to Union county, en- gaged in farming, and has since been in- timately identified with the farming in- terests of county and State as well as with the general advancement of the people. In 1876 he was elected on the Board of County Commissioners of his county, with two other farmers. The Radicals turned over the office to them with a debt of 815,000. He, with two new Commissioners, was re-elected in 1878, and when ho left the office in 1880, provision had been made for the payment of every dollar of this large old debt; during the last ttvo years of his term, he had entire charge of the finances of the county, and for the manner in which this old debt Avas settled, and for the re- tiring of some of the railroad bonds of the county, Colonel Duncan has been more highly complimented by the busi- ness men of this county than any one who has ever occupied this unenviable position. He commenced his farming operations on an old plantation of some 900 acres, which he has increased by thrift, economy, and close attention to business, to some 2,100 acres and it is iioav known as one of the best preserved and improved places in that section of the State. He has about 600 acres un- der cultivation in cotton, corn, wheat and oats, and raises annually about 150 bales of the Southern staple. The Colonel is an authority on farming, not only in the county but in the courts of the State Avhere his judgment lias been often taken as important evidence. Though a com- paratively young man he has by his en- terprise and knowledge of farming set an example to the planters of this section and has been instrumental in introducing improved machinery for use in agricul- tural pursuits. His farm is located ten miles from Pinion Courthouse, on Tiger river, near the Laurens line. Colonel Duncan has been married twice, his first wife died in 1876. and in 1881 he was married to Miss Richardson, daughter of Hon. John S. Richardson, of Sumter. S. C. He was elected President of the South Carolina Agricultural and Mechanical Society some years ago, and the marked success of the Society under his adminis- tration proves again what a live, young, and active mind at the head of affairs State of South Carolina. 213 can do. When lie came into office he found the Society 1500 in debt, now there is a large new main building suffi- ciently completed so as to be used at the nest fair, which has been erected with the net balance saved from the last two fairs, supplemented by $2,000 which he induced the City of Columbia to sub- scribe to this most commendable enter- prise, and when entirely completed this will be one of the handsomest Fair build- ings in the South. The two annual Fairs that have been held in his term of office have had an attendance of over 12,000 visitors at each fair. Colonel Duncan is one of the best known and popular men of the State of his age, and with a level head on broad shoulders he bids fair to rise high in the history of our country. He was appointed to fill the unexpired term of the late Governor Jeter, one of the three Railroad Commissioners, and has since in this post given great satis- faction; he seems to have all the doings of the railroads of the country at his finger’s ends, and can talk for hours on the subject and still be interesting. To keep himself posted on the doings in the State, he attends all the county fairs and meetings of importance, at which he is always a welcome guest. He is a Mason, Past Master of Rosehoro Lodge, and clos- j ing we refer our readers to the accom- panying portrait which is a good likeness. JAS. 3. STEEDS A IhS, Intendant. The position of chief executive of Union is at present filled by one of her best men, one of the ablest lawyers of up- per South Carolina. Jas. B. Steedman was born in Charleston, educated at the schools of that city, and later studied at South Carolina University, which insti- tution he left without graduating, having taken part in the Stewards’ Hall Rebel- lion. He studied law with Mr. Tobin of Barnwell and was admitted to the bar in 1856. He settled in Union immediately after. In the late war he went out with the Fifth South Carolina as Orderly Ser- geant, being promoted for meritorious conduct to the Captaincy of Company H. He was later raised to the rank of Major and was recommended for a Colonelcy. At second Manassas he commanded the regiment, and was so severely wounded in that engagement as to be unfit for fur- ther active duty. Returning home he was elected Intendant of the town and filled the post in the years ’64, ’65 and ’66. He practiced first in partnership with B. F. Arthur and later with R. R. Rawls a few years, since when he has been alone. He enjoys the largest practice in the county. As Intendant he was elected in 1883, has given attention to the pav- ing of the streets and also to the enforce- ment of the liquor law, and the citizens are consulting the town’s interests by con- tinuing him in office. Col. Steedman is one of the wealthy men of the county, and on his land, some 3,000 acres in ex- tent, he has fifteen farms which run thirty plows. He takes great interest in the introduction of improved implements and methods in farming. His hay has taken the premium at the county fair for several years back. He produces twenty tons yearly and encourages his tenants to increase their hay as well as their small grain product. The Colonel resides in a large comfortable house on Main Street, surrounded by neatly laid out grounds, and he has lately added still more to its attractions by having married a lady from the City of Churches, who has already quite gained the good will and favor of the community. D. C. FLYSr^INI, Leader of Low' Prices in Dry Goods, Clothing, Shoes, Etc. It may be safely said that no store in this city is entitled to more prominent mention than the above. The bu siness Mr. Flvnn founded in 1879. The at- tractions offered to the public have been constantly renewed and added to and daily there may be seen in the store a continuous stream of customers. The premises, located on Main Street oppo- site the hotel, are 25x90 feet in extent. The stock, valued at some $10,000, in- cludes a varied assortment of the best foreign and domestic dry goods, fancy dress and white goods, silks, satins, bro- cades, cashmeres, ladies’ dolmans and cloaks, clothing, latest modes in ladies, gents and children’s boots and shoes, American notions, newest styles in hats and caps, trunks and valises, etc. The 214 Town of t?Nioif, house employs six competent salesmen, it makes its purchases and its sales most- ly on cash and thus is enabled to offer the miraculous bargains which have con- tinued to surprise competitors and aston- ish the approving public. Mr. Flynn is a native of the Green Isle, and came to the United States in 1871. He remained in New York city, gaining that expe- rience of the trade that makes him to- day such an important factor in this county, came South to Georgia and five years ago he settled in Union. He also conducts an extensive business in New- berry, where his goods have gained a similarly standard reputation as here. GOSS & STOKES, Insurance Agents. Insurance, both fire and life, is one of the great interests of the age, in money, power and influence, it ranks with bank- ing and railroading. Great estates and manufacturing industries can only be protected through its principles, and the penniless and dependent comforted by its privileges. The firm in Union which confines its attention wholly to this line, Mess. Goss & Stokes, succeeded in 1853, the house of Hill & Co., who carried on insurance along with their other lines of general merchandise, and who were con- ceded to be at the time of their retire- ment the heaviest dealers in this town. Messrs. Goss & Stokes represent the Fire Insurance of North America, the Under- writers Agency, Germania of N. Y., Georgia Home, North British & Mer- cantile, Hamburg-Bremen, the Western Assurance Society, the Hartford of Con- necticut, with total assets on this conti- nent of some $25,000,000. Mr. Stokes, the active partner in the firm, also represents the Equitable of N. Y., the largest life insurance company in this country. In consequence of the popularity and reli- ability of the above companies, and his eminent qualifications for the business, he has fully sustained the prestige and increased the operations the old house always enjoyed. Insurance is effected in all kinds of city and county property, including gin risks. Col. Goss, the senior member of the house, was partner in Hill & Co., and is one of the wealthy and well known men of the county. He is a native of Laurens, but has been all his life in Union. He owns some 4,000 acres of land, and is at pres- ent a candidate for the Legislature. In the 5th South Carolina Cavalry he did some good service for the Confederacy. Mr. Stokes was born in New York, has been in this county 13 years, owns some 200 acres of farm land. In the war he was with the reserves of Evans’ Brig- ade. FANT, SVicKISSIGK & CO., Groceries and Hardware. In giving an authentic history of the business interests of Luiion, we must not omit mention of the extensive interests conducted by Fant, McKissic-k & Co. The house though only founded in Jan- uary, 1883, already ranks as a leading one in town. Their affairs are managed on the strictest business-like principles, and so adroitly do they adjust their pur- chases and sales, using their capital to the utmost, that the greater part of their investment is represented by shipments on the road. In their store, 24x110 feet, located on Main Street near the railroad track, they carry a stock of some 86,000 worth of merchandise. It includes sta- ple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, su- gars, spices, molasses, flour, bacon, lard, etc.; also shelf and heavy hardware and cutlery, including agricultural imple- ments and tools, and they are agents in this county for the ever-famous Gullet cotton gin, and the Dow Law cotton plan- ter. The members of this house are na- tives of the county. They are promi- nont both in business and social circles, and Mr. McKissick is an influential Ma- son and Past Worshipful Master of Union Lodge. UNION HOTEL, W. Moultrie Gibbes. Two Dollars Per Day. In keeping with the high credit and business-like capacity of the merchants of the town. Union possesses a hotel which does her honor. It may be said with truth that the advantages afforded in this line are superior to any found in the other smaller towns of the State. Not only is the building a large new one, State of South Carolina. 215 erected with a view to complete ventila- tion, but the furniture of the rooms is the best and the management and service leaves nothing to be desired. The hotel was opened in October, 1875; in May, 1882, Gibbes & Rodgers became proprie- tors, and since last January, Mr. Gibbes has conducted it alone. The building, the largest in the city, is located on Main Street, and is the central point of the town, both geographically and social- ly. On the entrance floor is a spacious office and reading room, and a large din- ing hall, where well cooked and good meals are served. The second and third floors are mostly occupied by sleeping rooms to the number of 23, which are provided with spring beds; a nice parlor opening out on a wide balcony, com- manding an extensive view of the coun- try, is also mi the second floor. Six obliging hands are employed. The pro- prietor, Capt. TV. Moultrie Gibbes, who is ably assisted by his wife, is very atten- tive to his guests, is always on hand, and is quite an entertaining host. He is a a native of Columbia, and before the war was manager of Saluda Cotton Factory, and king of that thriving village. In the war he was Captain of the Saluda Guards, Gregg’s First South Carolina Regiment, was taken prisoner by Kilpat- rick in Lexington county, and was pa- roled. The Captain was eight years en- gaged in the hotel business in Florida; came to this town in 1880, and well de- serves the success he is meeting with. J. W. POSEY & BIRO. Drugs, Medicines, etc. One of the neatest and most attractive stores of Union is that representing the drug trade, conveniently located on Main St., opposite the hotel, it is a cen- tral market for the purchase of supplies. It presents the only social attraction in town, namely, a plentious supply of ice cold soda water, and the ladies invari- ably make it a stopping place in hot weather. The stock consists of pure drugs and chemicals, standard and pro- prietary medicines, paints and oils, per- fumery and toilet articles, stationei’yand fancy goods. These are well displayed and invite attention of customers. Phy- sicians and family recipes are promptly filled. The members of the firm are J. TV. and B. F. Posey, the latter conduct- ing a growing business in Laurens. The doctor is a native of Spartanburg county, graduated M. D. from the Atlanta Medical College in 1874. He settled in Union and enjoyed a large practice till a year ago since when he has confined his attention to pharmacy, which business he started four years ago. He has of course a large trade, and though he is without any important opposition, he enjoys a monopoly, but does not take advantage of it to extort high prices. The Doctor is justly regarded as a reliable medical man and competent druggist. FARR & THOf¥JSO£i, Cotton Merchants, Dealers in Sta- ple Groceries, Fertilizers, Bag- ging and Ties, Etc. The most important interests of our country is that of farming, and conse- quently the most important mercantile pursuit is that of handling the produce of our farms and supplying our plan- ters with the staples necessary for liv- ing and carrying on their useful opera- tions. It is therefore with pleasure that we turn to describe one of the oldest and most reliable "houses engaged in this line in South Carolina, and the leading one of this section — the well known firm of Farr & Thomson, of Union. The house was established immediately after the war as TV. C. Harris & Co., TV. T. Thomson being the second part- ner. In 1868, he was replaced by TV. E. Thomson, in 1872 the name became Harris & Farr, in 1874, F. M. Farr & Co., and in 1881 the present name was adopted. They occupy a spacious brick building 25x120 feet in dimensions; their business is chiefly conducted on the prin- ciple of liens and extends throughout the 216 Town of Union, whole county. As cotton merchants they handle annually some 3,000 bales of the great Southern staple, and car-loads of corn produced on farms, which may he looked upon as small dependencies of the house. They sell in the season about 400 tons guano, and always keep on hand a large and comprehensive stock of grain, flour, bacon, molasses, sugar and coffee. In insurance they represent the Home, of New York; Fire Association, of Philadelphia; L. L. and G., Lanca- shire, and Rochester German, with combined total assets of some $20,000,- 000. The individual members of this prosperous and solid old firm are F. M. Farr and W. E. Thomson. In the late war Oapt. Farr did good service for the the great cause; he entered the Fifteenth South Carolina as private and for meri- torious conduct was promoted to the command of Company H. He is a re- spected member of the community and a deacon in the Presbyterian church, while his partner is a prominent member of the Masonic order. Both these gentle- men are natives of Union county, and their long residence here and their varied and extensive experience peculiarly fit them for successfully conducting their business. UFdiOftS TIMES, R. M. Stokes. When the power of the press has be- come an axiomatic phrase in the lan- guage of to-day, it is not unnatural that the newspaper should be as generally found in a community as any other branch of trade or profession, and Union possesses a weekly journal which keeps the county abreast of the times, and also an editor at the head of it whose ability and experience is in keeping with the pro- verbial solidity and high standing of the merchants and men of the county. The newspaper was founded 28 years ago as a temperance organ, the name being then the Union; when everything bearing the semblance of the Union became disliked in the Secession State, the heading of the paper was changed to the Unionville Journal, and after the war, the name be- came the Union Times. It was many years edited by R. A. McKnight, and after the’ war was bought at the Sheriff's sale by R. W. Shand, who edited it till 1870. In that year the present owner took hold of it and the paper has steadi- ly prospered, and now enjoys a circu- lation of 700 weekly, which means it reaches every man, woman and family of ordinary intelligence and education in the county. It appears every Friday and conveys to the public all the latest local and State news, and also the prin- cipal tidings from all parts of the world. It is a 4-page sheet, 34x34 inches, six columns, printed in brevier and long primer type. The journal is naturally a very influential organ in directing the actions, swaying the minds, and opening up the channels of trade. The estab- lishment, which will shortly be extended and provided with a large Campbell pow- er press, employs four hands and exe- cutes all kinds of job printing at reason- able rates. The editor and proprietor of the journal, Mr. R. M. Stokes, is one of the best known and popular men of the county. He was born in Hampshire, England, but his family crossed over to Philadelphia, when he was only six months old. He was thus raised in the Quaker City, and served his apprentice- ship as a printer in Waldie’s establish- ment, which long issued from its presses the celebrated Select Circulating Libra- ry. Mr. Stokes struck off from a me- dium hand-press a portion of the first edition of the Public Ledger, of Phila- delphia. He later moved to Michigan, and was employed in Detroit by the State Printer, Jno. S. Bagg. He was in New Orleans during the yellow fever of 1842. from where he returned to Philadelphia and married in 1846. The following year he came to South Carolina, settled in Greenville, and then went to Colum- bia with I. C. Morgan, State Printer, then purchased the Laurens Herald and published it eight years, and in the fall of 1858, he bought the Farmer and Planter then published in Pendleton and took it to Columbia, and during the war was employed in the Treasurer’s Depart- ment. After the war he was three years in Asheville, from where he was called by his friends, the leading men of this coun- ty, Judge Wallace, General Gist and the like, to take charge of the Times. Since then the issue has taken a new life and Mr. Stokes himself has gained favor with State of South Carolina. the community. He is a R. A. Mason, a man who forms his own opinions, and is what is termed a strong man in the county. DR. L. E. MEADOR, Dentist. The dental profession of Union is ably represented by Dr. Meador, who is a native of Fairfield county, and took the full course of study at the world renown- ed Dental College of Baltimore, graduat- ing from there in 1881. In July of the fol- lowing year he came to Union, and bought out the establishment of Dr. Boyd, and has since gradually extended his fame till now he draws his patronage from the best families of Union, Lau- rens, Chester and Newberry counties. His nicely furnished rooms are centrally located over Posey’s Drug Store, oppo- site the Union Hotel. They are pro- vided with every convenience for carry- ing on business, which enables the Doctor to give patients advantages that the adja- cent county towns do not afford. He is effi- cient in all kinds of dental work. Late- ly he has made some very successful operations in irregularity, and has made a regular and correct row of teeth in mouths, which would have been entirely disfigured ana distorted for life, not to speak of the great pain which the sufferer would have had constantly to endure. He is a member of the State Dental As- sociation, and has a student, E. F. Sims who assists him in operations. The Doctor is a K. of H., and is generally re- garded as an acquisition to the commun- ity. J. E. GQLT©^, General Merchant. This house was founded in August, 1868, asHmitJv-%>®tTrsA.-Colton, in ’72 the name became Spears & Colton, and since~' ? 80 Mr. Colton has conducted it alone. Enterprising and experienced, he has made a complete success of his busi- ness, and his increasing trade points to the popularity of his goods. His store is located on the central block of the Main Street, consists of a spacious floor and base- ment, 22x100 feet in extent, and the upper story of his building he rents to his em- 217 ployees and other tenants. His premises are arranged and fitted up for carrying out his operations in the best manner and are filled with a stock averaging some $8,000 in value. It consists of finest dry goods, fancy goods and notions, cloth- ing, all sizes of boots and shoes, latest styles in hats and caps, fresh staple and fancy groceries, etc. In crockery and glassware Mr. Colton keeps the fullest stock in town and carries a varied assort- ment of imported dinner, tea and break- fast sets, bedroom ware, lamp goods, or- naments, etc. The business is mostly conducted on a cash basi s, only a limited lien trade being done. Two hands are regularly employed; in the season this number is doubled. Mr. Colton is a na- tive of Union county, and besides being- one of our most energetic merchants, is a prominent R. A. Mason and elder in the Presbyterian church. In the war he served as courier to A. C. Haskell, Colonel of the Seventh Regiment.' He controls in this county the celebrated light running “New Home” sewing ma- chine, and owing to an increased business in this line he employs a competent can- vasser who is constantly traveling the county with wagon and sales are made on good terms. ROBSPiS©^ &, ALLl^, Builders and Repairers of Wagons and Buggies. This house started in 1875 as Allen & Robinson, and in ’80 the names were reversed to the present style. From the commencement their efforts have been met with marked success. The superior line of vehicles made have gained a good reputation. As the owners have made a special study of the class of wagons and buggies required in this section they can confidently recommend them as thor- oughly reliable and suited to the work desired of them. They turn out between 40 and 50 wagons and buggies annually, and the increase in their business in new work is most marked. Their prem- ises are located near the depot and cover about lh acres of ground. They consist of a paint and trimming shop, wood working and blacksmith’s shops*, two show rooms and various store - rooms. Supplies and parts are obtained from 218 Town of Union. the best sources, and a saw mill fur- nishes them with wood. An army of 10 or 12 hands is employed, and the house also does a big trade in horseshoe- ing and blaoksmithing. Mr. W. A. Robinson is a native of Mecklenburg County, N. C., came to this State in 1850, and has been identified with the growth and welfare of the community. He is a K. of H. His partner, Mr. C. L. Allen, was born in Caldwell County, N. C., came to this State about 1850, in the war was a member of Boyce’s Battery. W. Q. WALLACE, General Merchandise. The above enterprising gentleman opened business in January, 1883, suc- ceeding the old firm of J. T. Young & Co., and at his stand, into which he moved 1st September, next Farr & Thompson conveniently located on Mai St., occupies a spacious and well arrange store, 25x90 feet in extent. It is filie with a stock averaging from 87,000 t $10,000 in value. This is purchased fror first hands and retailed at prices as Iowa the lowest. It contains a full line of foi eign and domestic dry and fancy goods hosiery and notions, staple and fane groceries, teas, coffees, sugars, molasses spices, country produce, flour, canne' goods, provisions, etc., boots and shoe in all sizes and styles, shelf and heav hardware, cutlery, agricultural imple ments etc., etc. Two hands are em ployed in the store and the trade is larg and steadily increases throughout cit and county. Mr. Wallace is one of ou most progressive merchants. He is native of Union county, a Mason, and i man with whom relations, business o otherwise will prove pleasant, profitabl and permanent. I . BILLER’S Office and Works, No. 359 King Street, near George, CHA.BXEST02T, S. C. Ladies’ and Gentlemen’s Garments Cleaned or Dyed ALL KINDS OF PIECE GOODS RE-DYED TO ANY COLOR. Lace and Grape Shawls, Table Covers, Kid Gloves and Feathers CLEANED AND DYED. GOODS RECEIVED AND RETURNED BY EXPRESS. NEWBERRY, S. C. SETTLEMENT. In the year 1752, three years previous to Braddock’s defeat, Mr. John Duncan, native of Aberdeen, Scotland, that had formerly emigrated to the province of mnsylvania, removed to this section of the country and settled on a creek in this strict, now bearing his name. Mr. Duncan was at this time the highest settler the fork between Broad and Saluda rivers by ten miles; his nearest neighbor was icob Pennington, living on Enoree river below; he was the only man at this time at either owned negro, wagon, or still in this part of the world. In a few years a number of emigrants from Pennsylvania settled on the creek tove Duncan’s. This was called the Duncan creek settlement. The names of me of these first adventurers were, McCrery, Green, Hannah, Abernathy, Miller, sard. King, Mitchell, Wells, Coffee, Gisham, Barton, Young, McClure, A dam s’ cDaid, etc. There was another settlement on the Enoree eight or ten miles higher ). The names of some of these settlers were Prater, Bright. Barnes, Oglesby, askins, and Stephen Holstein. This latter is the same man, who during a hunt made er the mountains, discovered the river bearing his name on the north bank of hicb Knoxville, Tennessee, now stands. When he returned he and some more of s neighbors removed and settled on it. Soon after this they constructed canoes, 3nt down into Tennessee and were the first white people that ever descended that ver. They passed through the Muscle Shoals, and proceeded down as far as atchez Town, several years previous to the revolution. The fork between Broad and Saluda rivers began to be settled a little prior to e above mentioned period, mostly by Germans. Bush river was mostly settled by rakers, the greater part of them from Pennsylvania. The names of some of them e Babb, Crompton, Kelly, O’Neal, Pearson, Pugh, Brooks, Elmore, Gant/ Pem- rton, Summers, Waters, Kirk, etc. This was denominated the Quaker settle- ent. Another was located on and near Saluda and Little rivers. Their names ire Turner, Davenport, Maxwell, Cunnington, Potts, Spearman, Goodwin, Toles, id Caldwell. This is the same family of Caldwells to whom John C. Calhoun is allied by birth, and which took an active part in the defense of this country iring the revolution. This was called the Turner settlement. Among the men 3m this county who took an active part in the revolution, we note Major John ddwell, a man of great public usefulness. He was a deputy surveyor and mem- r of the first provincial congress which assembled at Charleston. He was a Major i South Carolina Kegiments, and was murdered at his own house by that Tory .rtisan officer, William Cunningham. He left no issue; his brothers William and mes Caldwell inherited his estate and it is from them that the present families of at name are descended. William was an officer in the American army and was lg imprisoned in the castle of St. Augustine, during the revolutionary war. James is severelv wounded at the battle of Cowpens. He was Sheriff of Newberry from 08 to 1812. Col. Philemon Waters, a Virginian, was one of the chosen band that served ider Washington in his first campaign against the French and Indians and who rrendered with him at the Meadows. He was in Braddock’s war, after which he (filed in Newberry, and in the Revolution was in the American service. He dis- m Town of Newberry, tinguished himself at the battles of Stono and Eutaw. He was subsequently a Colonel of militia. He was a very successful partisan officer, and often remarked that he never was in any pitched battle but what he had to retreat, and never in a skirmish or partisan affair in which he was not victorious. Jas. Marion was a revolutionary patriot, was in Grant’s war with the Cherokees in 1760 and ’61, and was afterwards Judge of the County Court. The county is situated within the Piedmont region and bounded on two sides by rivers ; on the southwest by the Saluda, which divides it from Edgefield; on the northwest by an irregular line following the course of the road leading from the old island ford on the Saluda over to Odell’s ford on the Enoree and running X. 31, E. 51f miles, which divides it from Laurens ; on the north and east by the Enoree river as low down as Avery’s ford, thence by the road over to Crenshaw ford on the Tyger river and down the said river to its junction with the Broad river — all which lines divide it from Union county ; on the east by Broad river as low down as Buff's, which divides Newberry from Fairfield county ; and on the southeast by a straight line drawn from Hughey’s ferry S. 17f, W. 16 miles, or until it intersects the Saluda opposite Rocky creek and a little above Buffalo creek, which separates it from Lex- ington. The average extent of the county is 24 miles square and it contains 368,640 square acres. The county contains considerable quantities of granite rock, limestone, a species of freestone, and detached pieces of soapstone; also, beds of iron ore have been found; there are numerous calcareous springs in the county; specimens of arsenate iron, antimony, plumbago, and stove coal, have been picked up in the county. The climate of this county are temj^erate generally; there are a few days in summer very hot and a few very cold in winter, but neither last more than a week or so at a time. The diseases are mostly fevers of the typhus character, but though found here the district is considered as generally healthy, and the instances of longevity are by no means rare. The native trees of the district are the white, black, red Spanish, upland and post oaks. There are also the ash, black and white walnut, birch, elm, linden, black gum, sweet gum, cucumber tree, sugar tree, cherry, maple, sour wood, dogwood, box elder, witch hazel, spicewood, sassafras, hickory, black and red haws, and cottonwood. The soil of the county is largely clay and sand, partly gravel, and a little stony. The clay lands are well suited to wheat and tobacco, and the sandy gravel lands to corn and cotton. The Saluda bordering the county on the southwest is navigable for boats carry- ing 50 bales of cotton, and the Broad river is navigable for similar sized boats. The Tyger and Enoree are also navigable. There are few acres in the county but what have a water course running through them. There are fifteen towns and trading settlements with 121 stores distributed as follows: Newberry courthouse, 80; Prosperity, 10; Chappels and Saluda, 5 each; Liberty Hall, 4; Kinards, Silver Street and Jalapa, 3 each; Pomaria, 2: Belmont, Boston, Helena, Phifers, Walton and Whitmire, 1 each. Of this number, 9 sell liquor, 11 hardware, 6 dry goods, 47 miscellaneous, and 48 general merchandise. The estimated wealth of the storekeepers is 8760,000. NEWBERRY COURT HOUSE, the county seat, is in latitude 34 deg. 16 min. 37 sec., and longitude 0 deg. 41 min. west of Columbia, from which it bears N. 60, W. 3^ miles. It is situated on the C. & G. R. R., 47 miles from Columbia, 96 from Greenville on the ridge between the Broad river, (the Es-waw-pud-de-nali, or line river dividing the Indian tribes) and the Saluda (Salutah or Corn river) and has an elevation of 502 feet above the sea level. In 1840 the population was 300; in 1850 it was 509; in 1870, 1.891: in 1880, 2,342, and in 1884, according to town returns, 2,S00 resident and 300 of a floating population. The streets have an aggregate length of twenty-four miles. Two small creeks traverse the town, which with springs and wells furnish an abun- dant supply of excellent water. Th principal buildings are the courthouse, which State of South Carolina. 221 cost $8,000; the jail, 16,000; the market, $2,100; the Newberry Hotel is one of the largest in the State, and cost $10,000; there is also another large hotel. The new brick opera house, built in 1881, cost $25,000; it seats 1,000 persons, rents for $40 a night; it belongs to the town and has paid on the investment 5 per cent. The whites have six churches — Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, Lutheran, the Asso- ciate Reformed and Episcopal — built at an aggregate cost of $18,000; capacity 4,000 seats; and three colored churches, costing $4,500. There are flourishing organizations of Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Honor and Sons of Temperance. The Newberry College buildings cost $20,000, the Female Academy cost $2,500, the Male Academy $1,000, the Hoge School, colored, $1,500. The aver- age rental of stores is $350, and of dwellings $200. Building materials are brick and pine lumber from the vicinity, and granite, great quantities of which of the finest quality are found within three to five miles of the town. The Mayor and Aldermen serve without pay. The assessed value of property is $1,157,000; real estate $600,000 and per- sonal $557,000. The town tax is two mills on the dollar and a revenue in addi- tion of $2,400 from licenses. There is debt of $22,000 incurred in 1881 for build- ing the opera house; interest seven per cent. Twenty thousand bales of cotton are shipped annually to New York and Norfolk. The yearly sales are given as provisions, $450,000; dry goods $200,000; hardware $75,000; miscellaneous $125,- 000. The cotton mill will now soon go into operation. COUNTY STATISTICS. Agricultural. Amount of acres planted and yield of in 1882 — Cotton 63,061 acres, 12,051,000 pounds of lint; corn 34,345 acres, 412,140 bushels; oats 17,912 acres, 376,152 bush- els; wheat 10,956 acres 131,472 bushels; rice 10 acres, 8,000 pounds; sorghum 336 acres, 10,080 gals.; sugarcane 10 acres, 1,000 gals.; sweet potatoes 590 acres, 25,960 bushels; Irish potatoes 92 acres, 8,280 bushels; peas 1,665 acres, 16,650 bushels; market gardens 152; honey 8,581 pounds; wax 972 pounds; milk 1,646 gallons sold; butter 123,247 pounds made; cheese 1,810 pounds made; poultry 48,985 raised; eggs 135,757 dozen sold. As a wheat raising county it ranks with the best in the State, and in its pro- duct of this cereal to the acre, 13 bushels is only equalled by one other county, viz: Fairfield, which has only a very small acreage planted in wheat. There was raised in 1882 an average of 195 pounds cotton lint to the acre, an improvement of 32 pounds over the year before. Cost of producing a bale of merchantable cotton 500 pounds is $40. Amount of fertilizers used in 1882 in tons — Ammoniated 602, acid phosphate 986, Kainit 183, chemicals 55, total 1,826; in composting 457. These figures are among the very lowest in the State, and when compared with the produce per acre betoken the land ranks high and attention paid to it is great. Improved agricultural implements in use — 12 sowers; 75 reapers, 6 different kinds; 4 sulky ploughs, all different kinds; 300 guano distributors, 12 different kinds; 250 harrows, 6 different kinds; 50 horse rakes; 2 stump pullers; 60 steam engines, with aggregate horse power 542, are in use on farms. The efficiency of colored labor during the last five years has considerably augment- ed especially in the vicinity of towns, probably owing to the reason that the negroes having more opportunity of attending schools are thereby more intelligent. The white labor on farms is 20 and colored 80 per cent. Wages paid on farms is 50 cents for males and females 35 cts. per day. Or for males $100 per annum and females $60, together with a patch of one acre, the pro- duct of which belongs exclusively to the laborer, firewood, house and garden being also furnished free of charge. Amount of farm supplies purchased in 1882 was $300,164, and on time $246,135. 222 Town of Newberry. Casli and time prices in 1882 were: of corn $1.12 and $1.75 per bushel; bacon 12 and 14 cents per pound; flour $8.00 and $10.00 per barrel; meal $1.19 and $1.41 per bushel: hay $1.55 and $2.00 per 100 pounds. Stock on hand 1882 — Work oxen 56; milch cows 3,146; other cattle 3,464: sheep 4,377; lambs dropped 1,049; fleece 7,714 pounds made; the Merinos and Broadtails are fancied, common natives are principally raised, very little attention is paid to improving breeds on account of destruction by dogs, very few are sold out of the county, they fetch from $1 to $3, cost of raising is calculated at 65 cents per head; swine 12,994; little fruit is grown in this county; 158 bushels apples and 260 gallons of wine were made in 1882. MANUFACTURES AND MINES. There are 15 flour and grist mills, 13 foundries and machine shops, 13 lumber mills, and 9 other establishments. Capital employed, $76,200; value of annual pro- duct, $239,150 ; 150 persons employed. The Newberry cotton mill, see article thereon. There are quarries in the county using, however, no other outfit but ordinary hand drill and derrick. The rock is even with the surface and in a great mauv in- stances ten to twenty feet above ground. The supply of granite is simply inexhaus- tible and large quantities of it may be obtained within three or four miles of the railroad and two or three miles of water transportation. Little capital is employed and very little indeed is necessary. Value of the annual out-put is $4,000, delivered $6,000. This is another of these many valuable resources of South Carolina which await the enterprise of capi- tal, skill and labor to be developed into wealth and utility. POPULATION OF THE COUNTY In 1790 was 9,384; 1800, 12,006; 1810,13,964; ’20,16,104; ’30,17,441; ’40,18,350; ’50, 20,143; ’60, 20,879; ’70, 20,775; ’80, 26,497; foreign born population, 97; Ger- mans, 80; English, 10; Irish, 6; Pole, 1. The average rate of wages paid them is, males $120, females $75 per year. They generally own small tracts of land. SUGGESTIONS. In agriculture the farmers are very much in need of a source from which they can obtain the loan of money at a reasonable interest for a number of years to enable them to make permanent improvements on their farms. Socially the county needs larger and more general appropriations for educational purposes, and with these two wants supplied the progress of the county would be more rapid and more perma- nent. Real estate, etc., in county — Assessed value of property $4,395,001. Real estate not in cities, towns and villages — Arable lands, 112,291 acres, valued at $717,944; meadow and pasture lands, 230,770 acres, value $745,899: wood and marsh lands, 24,595 acres, value $264,647; buildings 5,501, value $286,345; total, 377,656 acres; total value of real estate, $2,014,835. Real estate in cities, towns and villages — Lots 522, value $190,250; buildings 732, value $369,855; total, $553,103. Total value of all taxable real estate, $2.- 567,940; total value of all taxable personal property, $1,455,535; per capita $59.48. Railroad property — Columbia and Greenville, $10,500 per mile, 38,'V miles, $412,700 total taxable value; Laurens, $3,000 per mile, 12 miles. $36,000. Taxes in mills — State tax 4f, school 2, ordinary county 3. deficiencies for county f, funding county indebtedness 1, funding school indebtedness 4. total Ilf. REPRESENTATIVE HOUSES AND PROMINENT MEN — OF — NEWBERRY, S. C. GEM. Y. J. POPE, Mayor. The chief executive office of the city of Newberry is at present, March, 1884, ably filled by one who has been long closely and prominently connected with her interests — social, legal, mercantile and political. Gen. Y. J. Pope was born in Newberry, 10th April, 1841, received his early education at the Academy, and afterwards at Furman University, grad- uating from there 1860. At the outbreak of the civil war he left his studies in the office of Chief Justice O’Neal and joined the Third South Carolina Regiment, as Sergeant, was in the second year promo- ted to Adjutant, serving as such till the close of the war. He was wounded eight times and was at first Manassas, Wil- liamsburg, Seven Pines, Savage Station, Malvern Hill, Harper’s Ferry, Sharps- burg, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, Wilderness, Spottsvlvania, Cold Harbor, Brucetown, Seven Days Around Richmond and Ce- dar Creek, where he lost his left eye and was placed on the list of disabled. The Avar ended, he continued the study of law with L. J. Jones, in his native town, continuing with Colonel Simeon Fair, and Avas, May, 1866, admitted to the bar and to the Courts of Equity in Novem- ber following. In December, 1865, he Avas elected District Judge, holding the office till 1868. From 1873-77 inclusive, he was Intendant of the town, retaining the office for two months after the expi- ration of his term. In 1880 the name of Intendant was changed to that of Mayor, and in 1882 he Avas again elected, and also in 1883, in virtue of which he still holds the office. In 1877 and 1878, he represented this county in the Legisla- ture, and Avas on the judiciary commit- tee, and Avas one of the foremost oppo- nents of the fraudulent claims on the bonded indebtedness, contracted by the Radical government. He has been al- ways an influential member of the Dem- cratic Executive Committee and County Chairman sev'eral times. He was pressed by the citizens of Newberry for re-elec- tion this year, but declined. In his immediate profession the Gen- eral has taken part in no small number of the most important cases which have been brought up for solution at the bar. His success is Avell remembered in the defence of McNinch, when the jury re- turned a verdict of manslaughter; of Ir- vine and of Spearman, both accused of murder in the first degree, and both ac- quitted. Among the civil cases Ave may mention that of Stewart vs. Blease, twice taken to the Supreme Court; of McCaugh- rin vs. Williams, and of Willingham vs. Chick. Mr. Pope has still an attach- ment for military life, and is General commanding the Tenth Militia, to which post he was appointed by Governor Hampton. Personally, the General is a cour- teous gentleman, and justly merits the high regard he is held in by the com- munity, and with a record untarnished, and a public experience that he can refer to with pride, it is safe to assert that still other and higher honors are in store for this prominent and popular gentle- man. He married December, 1874, the daughter of Colonel Simeon Fair, Mrs. 224 Town of Newberry, Sally (H. F. ) Rutherford, by whom he has two children. CEORGE JOHNSTONE, The distinguished son of the famous Chancellor, and one of the most talented members of the bar and most popular representatives in our State Legislature, was born in Newberry county, received his early education at the schools here, and was one year at the Citadel Acad- emy, leaving this to serve in a battalion of State Cadets on the coast of South Carolina during the latter part of the civil war. The war ended, lie departed for Edinburgh, Scotland, diligently pur- suing for four years first the regular lit- erary and scientific course, in which de- partment he graduated, and the study of constitutional and international law, under the renowned scholars of that an- cient university, and further prosecuted the same for two years in Paris. Return- ing to his native country he applied him- self with renewed vigor to the laws of his State and country and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court in 1872. When he commenced practice in New- berry in the fall of ’72 he at once entered into a large business, which he has ex- tended, till he now enjoys one of the largest patronages in South Carolina. He was for some time in partnership with Harrington, a grandson of Judge O’Neall, as Johnstone & Harrington. An eloquent speaker, effective advocate and most scholarly gentleman, Mr. John- stone has conducted to advantageous is- sues many criminal and civil cases. In the political arena he has an illus- trious name. So early as 1874 he was tendered a nomination by the Democratic party for the Legislature, which he de- clined, generously suggesting others for the position; in ’76 took an active part in the redemption of the State, deliver- ing many speeches on Anglo-Saxon gov- ernment. In December, ’76, he was elected to fill a vacancy in the Legislature and has since been re-elected each succeeding term from his county with an annually in- creasing majority, and has taken a most prominent and conspicuous part in all the important debates and proceedings of the House. Duriug the whole time he has been a member of the ways and means committee, whose chairman is recognized as the leader of the House. In ’78 he was chosen chairman of the committee on in- corporations and was instrumental in framing and introducing the general laws which now govern corporations in this State. In 1880 he was appointed chair- man of the ways and means committee, which he has alily filled since, and during his administration the credit of the State has continuously risen, till she occupies a financial condition inferior to none in the American Union. He has always taken a prominent part for public education, his speech on the re-opening of the State University b< ing a memorable one. He was influential in having the State Military Academy es- tablished on a basis which makes it the compeer of similar institutions through- out the world. The part he bore in the proceedings in relation to settlement of public debt of the State has placed him in the front rank of financial thinkers and has earned for him the confidence of all just minded yet conservative men. He served with great distinction on the committee appointed to revise the State Constitution in 1880. A lien he was a candidate for the Speaker's chair there were two competitors from the up coun- try, his race being of necessity unsuc- cessful. He has been for the last four years a prominent and hard working member of the State Democratic Execu- tive Committee. He has often been spoken of for Lieutenant-Governor, for which position he has invariably declined the use of his name, and was a popular candidate for Congress this fall, but beaten by a three-cornered fight in the convention. As a statesman of unsullied integrity, endowed with superior mental powers, gifted with great oratorical abilities, he exerts a magnetic influence that enlists men’s sympathies and leads them on to victory: and as one of the worthy law- givers of our State, and one of its most prominent representatives and respected sons, is destined to fill yet larger fields of usefulness and receive the greatest honors that the people of the grand old Palmetto State and the advocates of the | true constitutional principles of Ameri- I can Democracy can confer. State of South Carolina. 225 NATIONAL BANK OF NEW" BERRY. R. L. McCaughrin, President. It is impossible to make a thorough disclosure of the numerous advantages of this city as a centre of trade, without mentioning the institution, through the indispensable aid of which this prosper- ity has been actively promoted. The National Bank of Newberry was established in July, 1871. The chief executive officer is R. L. McCaughrin, the founder and principal shareholder of the institution and its President since the commencement, as- sisted by T. S. Duncan, many years as- sistant, and in February last made Cash- ier. T. J. McCrary assistant Cashier and a Board of Directors comprising Drs. Jas. Macintosh and R. 0. Carlisle, JrTr. Martin, C. H. Suber, Jno. B. Carwile, Jno. T. Peterson, Jno. S. Renwick, R. H. Wright. The capital is $150,000, surplus and undivided profits amounts to $124,000, and the bank has always declared divi- dends upon its capital stock. The premises occupy a substantial brick building, 25x80 feet, located in courthouse square. In the front part is the office, where five competent em- ployees are constantly at work. In the rear are two large Herrings’ safes made on the latest improved pattern, and also a spacious, stone fire and burglar proof vault, fitted with the last invention of American genius, the time-lock. Mr. McCaughrin, the mainspring and lever of the concern, was born in Chester, and came to this county in 1855. In the late civil war he served as Capt. and as Quartermaster, being a year on the coast and three years in Virginia. He was Cashier of the old bank which existed in Newberry before the war, and at the re- turn of peace he came back to this town, was gene rall y engaged in mercantile and banking business, till he established this prese nt b ank in 1871. Mr. McCaughrin is one of the most responsible, energetic and enterprising capitalists of our State, is endowed with the spirit for embark- ing in large ventures, and is one to whom must in a great measure be accounted the advancement and progress of New- berry and upper South Carolina. He is Director in the Piedmont Cotton Mills, and also in the C. & G. R. R. , of which he was several years President. He justly merits the high esteem lie is held in and the confidence he possesses of the community. DEWBERRY COTTON FY31LL. R. L. McCaughrin, President. The Newberry Cotton Mill is another example of South Carolinian enterprise, and of the realization of the fact that it is in diversity of industries that a people continue to prosper most. As it was discovered we could not all own slaves, so it will be found we cannot all confine ourselves to the raising of cotton. The Newberry Cotton Mill Company organ- ized in May, 1883, commenced to build their mill in that month and the whole will be in going order when the 1884 crop begins to come in. The subscribed cap- ital is at present $178,000, which will be increased as operations advance and ne- cessitate further expenditures. It is to be a 10,000 spindle factory, and the ma- chinery is being procured from the oldest and most experienced makers under the direction of Lockwood, Green & Co., of Providence, Rhode Island, mill engi- neers. All the latest and most improved patterns in cotton plant are being: put in which will make this mill equal in every way, and superior in some ways to the best in the country. Brown sheetings and shirtings will be the product. The building is a three-story brick structure with granite steps, facings, etc., both of which materials are supplied from the county, and 100x200 feet in dimensions, situated near the depot convenient for receiving and shipping. Its erection has already the effect of increasing the trade of several establishments, manufacturing and dealing in building material, and when it comes to employ over 300 opera- tors the benefit it will exert upon this community may in a measure be esti- timated. Paying out about $12,000 monthly in cash, store-keepers will be kept busy all the year round, and it will in a great measure compromise the scarcity of money which usually comes about in the summer. At the head of this undertaking is Mr. R. L. Mc- Caughrin, whose life has been noticed in 226 Town of Newberry, detail in connection with this bank, and we are assured that he has only to attend to the duties incumbent upon him, as he has hitherto guided former enterprises, to make it a complete success. J. P. POOLE. A review of the life of successful self- made men, prominent in public life and honored in social circles, is pleasant and profitable; it is an admonition pressed home to the hearts and minds of the young with the triple power of precept, example and reward. Mr. J. P. Poole, son of a Virginian, was born in Green- ville County in 1818, and at an early age became engaged in the livery and sale business. He later went into farming continuing till 1853. He then entered extensively into the livery and sale busi- ness in Greenville, and engaged in large contracts, succeeding the house of llipley & Douglas, for running stages over sev- eral of the longest and hardest roads in the country. As Poole & Rutledge, of Greenville, and Poole & Ripley, of North Carolina, from ’56, all through the war till ’64, they successfully ran a line be- tween Greenville and Asheville; from ’56 til ’61 a similar line between Abbeville and Washington, Georgia, and also from 96 to Augusta, Ga. During these years he likewise had a hotel in Greenville. After the war he came to Newberry and conducted the hotel here till ’77. With this town he is prominently identified. He has an extensive brickyard in the suburbs employing from 15 to 45 men, and turning out yearly about 2,000,000 bricks, and the two ovens have a capacity of 150,000 bricks each. This is the chief source of supply for bricks here, and their quality, in a great measure, ac- counts for the superiority of the build- ings of Newberry. He also deals largely in horses and mules. One of our largest real estate holders and leading capitalists, he has done much for the advancement of our town, and this the citizens of Newberry fully realize, and have from time to time chosen him unanimously to fill their Chief Executive office, which he has been forced to accept six times. While Mayor he was the moving spirit for the erection of the opera house and markets. He performed the duties of the Mayoralty with wisdom and judg- ment, and we may unreservedly assert that he is one of the most popular men in this county to-day. J. N. MARTIN & CO,, General Merchants and Cotton Buyers. Among the various, extensive and gro w- ing commercial houses of this State which bear the marks of continued in- crease and prosperity, none perhaps oc- cupies a more useful and significant sta- tion than the above house. Founded in 1865 and first known as Mayes & Martin, which firm was succeeded by the present in 1876, it now for several years has held the first position in this county. As deal- ers in general merchandise they carry a full line of groceries, flour and feed, everything included in the comprehen- sive term of hardware for household, me- chanical and farmers’ use, agricultural implements, boots and shoes, paints and oils — in fact everything used in the hab- its and habitations of civilized man, ex- cept dry goods and clothing. The total stock will average about §14,000. As cot- ton merchants, Mr. J. N. Martin being an experienced buyer, they likewise do a large business, handling in a favorable season from 1,500 to 2,000 bales, princi- pally on orders, their largest customer being the Piedmont Manufacturing Co., for which they are agents, and in which the senior partner is a director and share- holder. The house also transacts an ex- tensive business in carriages, buggies, wagons, harness, etc., their stock, pro- cured directly from the best Ohio ma- kers, being kept in a separate warehouse 50x60 feet, located a few doors from the main building. This branch is attended to more particularly by Mr. J. B. Martin, the junior partner. The main premises consist of a spacious brick structure, 42x 80 feet in extent. Their patrons come from this and the surrounding counties, and the store is recognized as the central mart of business in town. They employ four experienced hands, and a wagon is kept busy. Messrs. J. N. & J. B. Mar- tin are both natives of Newberry, and while they take a leading part in mercan- tile life are popular members of social circles, the former belonging to the K. State op South Carolina. 227 of H. and and also a director in the Newberry Bank. Carrying a stock made tip of the best and most reliable goods known in the various lines they repre- sent, their operations of 870,000 in 1876 increasing to $150,000 in 1882, their unimpeachable integrity is beyond dis- pute, and we are persuaded that those brought into business relations with them will find all transactions satisfactory in every particular. DR. S. F. F&^T, Wholesale and Retail Druggist. In Newberry, there is no store more widely known than the above. The business was established in 1868, and ran two years as Pratt & Pant, since when the latter gentleman has continued alone. The first stance occupied was lower down on Main St., where he was five years, when he removed to the cor- ner, opposite his present location. Three years ago he was partially burned out here and then moved into his present site, where he possesses the nicest and and best equipped drug store in central South Carolina, located on the corner of Main and courthouse square, under- neath the Newberry Hotel, within a few steps of the postoffice, courthouse and municipal buildings, in fact adjacent to every place of pleasure or business in the city, of which his establishment is the focus. The premises, 24x78 feet, are ele- gantly fitted up and equipped with every modern convenience. The stock aver- aging some $18,000 in value embraces all the ordinary class of goods carried by first-class drug and medicine houses, also the best brands of foreign and do- mestic wines and liquors. The prepa- ration of family and physicians’ prescrip- tions receives careful attention; the lead- ing standard proprietary medicines are in stock. A constant influx and eflux of customers takes place here, and three obliging assistants are ready attending to their wants. The Doctor, one of the best known men in town, is a native of Union county. He received his early ed- ucation at Cokesbury College, took a full medical course at Charleston Medi- cal College and at Jefferson College, Philadelphia, from where he graduatedM. D. in 1855. For 15 years he conducted practice in Union, Laurens and New- berry counties, and in 1868 settled in Newberry, where he has since confined his attention to pharmacy. He commands a large increasing trade throughout this and adjacent counties, is generally held in esteem by all. He is also a member of the K. of H., a Mason and Past Master of Amity Lodge. PEOPLES & JOHNSON, Hardware and Carriage Supplies. In Newberry there is no house having a more interesting business history than that now kuown by the above title. Its existence can date back to 1856, when it was founded as Duncan, Peoples & Co., in ’58 it became Boozer, Peoples & Co., and in ’61 Boozer & Peoples. After the war the firm of S. P. Boozer & Co. was established, from which Mr. Peoples withdrew in ’76, and in ’78 established the house of Coppock & Johnson, and two years later bought out the first named gentleman, since when the business has been prosperously conducted under its present style. The house now ranks as the leading in its line in this section. The present premises into which they moved in April, ’84, centrally located on Courthouse Square, are 20x100 feet, ad- mirably adapted for their large trade. The stock valued at over $7,000, is partly stored in the cellar below, and includes a full line of general hardware, mechanics’ and blacksmith’s tools, bar iron and steel, manufacturer's supplies, shelf, builders and heavy hardware, steam fit- tings, belting, agricultural implements, wagon and buggy material, also wooden ware, paints, oils, glass, and the multi- tude of articles common to first-class es- tablishments in large cities. Besides this, they deal in lime, cement, plaster, etc., for which they have a separate ware- house with a storage capacity of 200 bar- rels. The supplies are not easily dupli- cated either in quality or reasonableness in price. The members of the firm, Mr. John O. Peoples and Mr. ¥m. Johnson, are recognized as among this county’s most honorable and experienced mer- chants. The first is a native of North Carolina, and came to Newberry in 1846, is a Past Master Mason Lodge Amity, and Past Dictator of the K. of H. ; the Town of Newberry, 228 second was born in, Newberry and is also a Mason and K. of H. Dealer in Dry Goods, Hosiery, Shoes, Etc. The Newberry people have good reason to be proud of a store which, while it holds a leading position in their county, occupies a prominent place among simi- lar establishments throughout the State. Mr. B. Ii. Cline’s fashionable dry goods emporium is centrally located in courthouse square, the premises occupied, a large 2-story brick building, 23x90 feet in extent, being tastefully fitted up and well adapted to meet the requirements of the extensive business carried on. The store is perhaps the prettiest one in town and contains a stock averaging from $15,000 to $20,000 in value, embracing foreign and domestic staple and fancy dry goods, millinery, carpets, cloaks and suits, white goods, handkerchiefs, gloves, hosiery, notions, silks, satins, brocades, etc. Also, latest styles in ladies and children’s fine shoes from the best New England factories, in sizes to suit all feet. The class of goods kept on hand is of the best description, and parties purchas- ing here will find full value given for the money expended. There are employed five assistants, who are attentive and po- lite to callers. This enterprise was established in 1877, and till the 20th February, of this year, was run by B. Ii. Cline & Co. Since that day Mr. Cline has continued alone, and is steadily increasing the trade of the house, which is large and extends throughout this and adjacent counties. Mr. Cline is a native of Newberry coun- ty, and confining his attention strictly to business, has the name of being the most enterprising merchant in the town, and is generally well and favorably known as a valuable citizen. & JOSHES, Attorneys at Law. Lambert Jefferson Jones, one of the prominent members of the bar of this section and the oldest practicing lawyer in Newberiy, was born in Newberry, S. C. He received his early education here and in Greenville and Charleston. He left Charleston College in ’34 for Brown University, Providence, E. I., from which he graduated A. B. in 1837. Ee- turning home., he commenced the study of law in the office of T. H. Pope, con- tinuing with Judge O’Neal], and was ad- mitted January, 1839. He practiced one year in partnership with Mr. Pope and afterwards carried on a rapidly increas- ing business alone, and when in 1857 the firm became known as Jones & Blake, he enjoyed perhaps the largest practice in this section of the State. For afew months in 1860 he made an extended tour in Eu- rope, and in the war he assisted the Con- federate cause as a volunteer in Charles- ton, and when peace returned continued business with his son, Benson M. Jones, the firm beingknownas Jones & Jones till ’76. For a few years he was in company with Mr. Mower as Jones. Jones & Mower, and since that with his son, LAV. Jones. Among a long list of cases he has con- ducted may be mentioned his gaining the acquittal of Scurry for killing Williams, and of Gunter for killing Scurry, his vic- tory in the case of Sims vs. Purdy and wife, and in having Wells, who was ac- cused of murder, pardoned. For thir- teen years, from about 1840-'53, he ef- ficiently filled the office of Commissioner in Equity, similar to that of Vice-Chan- cellor or Master of Polls in England, and in political life has also taken some part, having been twice elected, in 1856 and ’58, to represent this county in the Leg- islature. He was Major in State Cav- alry many years and on Governor Ma- grath’s staff during the war. Now in the meridian of life Mr. Jones enjoys the full mental vigor and physical activity of forty summers, and with such a long professional experience attends to the multifarious duties of a large prac- tice extending throughout Newberry, Fairfield, Laurens, Lexington, Edgefield and Union counties, where he enjoys the confidence of many clients and the com- munities generally. Lambert W. Jones. — Among the young members of the bar in this State we note with pleasure the above, who is doing a considerable practice in Newberry and adjacent counties. He was born in this county and educated at Mercer University, Macon, Ga., gradu- State of South Carolina. 229 ating from there in 1875. and also took a course at Eastman Business College, Atlanta, Ga., graduating in 1874. He diligently pursued the study of law under his father and was admitted to the Cir- cuit Courts in ’77 and to the Supreme Courts of the State two years later. Mr. Jones is not only a well read lawyer but is thoroughly acquainted with the details of equity business and financial matters generally and the methods of keeping ac- counts. In partnership with his father, the firm gained a good victory last year for a client who had been for thirty years executor on- an estate, the original value of which was 852,000; they re- lieved him of paying to the heirs claim- ing the property 848,000. Mr. Jones stands well in the profession and enjoys the esteem of many friends in social cir- cles. The firm likewise conducts con- siderable business as collection lawyers. NEWBERRY COLLEGE, Rev. G. W. Holland, A. M., Presi- dent, The leading educational institution in this section, and one of the best known in the South, was chartered in 1856, and opened in 1858. From ’68 to ’77 it was at Walhalla, returning again to New- berry. There are 106 scholars. The College is surrounded by parks. Interior- ly everything is well arranged, the class rooms are spacious, airy, and nicely furnished, and the dormitories are com- fortable and cleanly kept. The students are required to attend religious exercises every morning and Lord’s Day in the Chapel. There is a well selected library of over 5,000 volumes; a collection of natural history specimens, now called the Sibley Museum; an Athenaeum contain- ing many of the best periodicals and newspapers of the day; and the many other accompaniments necessary for the perfection of such a large establishment. There are two literary societies con- nected with the college, which meet once a week in their separate halls, and a splendid opportunity is afforded for im- provement in composition, debate and elocution. These societies are considered a part of the educational regime of the Institution, and all matriculated stu- dents are required to join one of them and each has a library reserved for the use of its respective members. The course of study is divided into a prepara- tory and collegiate department, the ex- amination for admission to the latter being conducted in Latin, Greek, Mathe- matics, English Literature. The course for the degree of B. A. is very thorough, and extends over four years. The ex- amination for B.Ph. is likewise extensive. The entire expenses for the session, ex- clusive of books and clothing, runs from $150 to $165. The instructions and regu- lations are such as to secure the applica- tion of the student to study, to shield him from the perils of temptation, and to promote a moral deportment. At the head of the Institution is the Rev. G. W. Holland. He is the third President. Rev. Theop. Stork, D.D., was the first, and J. P. Smeltzer second, and Mr. Hol- land has filled the position since '78. He was born in \ irginia and graduated from Roanoke College in 1857." He first studied theology at Gettysburg, then at the Union Seminary, New York, re- turned to Gettysburg and graduated from there in 1861, as B. D. At the outbreak of the war he joined the 33d Virginia, as Color Sergeant, and served the Confederacy till he lost his arm at Fairfax Courthouse, 5 th November, 1861. He was afterwards placed as Cap- tain on the reserves, and during the re- mainder of the war taught in Roanoke College. He continued at Harrisonburg four or five years, from ’72 to ’74 was in the ministry, and in ’74 came to South Carolina. He was one year Vice-Presi- 230 Town of Newberry, dent of tlie College before becoming its Principal. An ardent lover of books, of philanthropic heart, he is daily doing unexampled good, and exercising a bene- ficial influence on the youth and future of Carolina. NEWBERRY FEMALE ACADEMY. The above institution is entitled to a prominent place in our pages. It was originally incorporated in 1807, one of its Principals was Warren DuPre, and it has never been supported by endow- ments but wholly depended on fees for its sustenance. About 1840 the corpora- tion sold the land it possessed and built the present structure in the suburbs of the town on an attractive site; the build- ing is surrounded with grounds where pupils take ample exercise. Interiorly everything is well arranged; the class rooms, originally three in number, have lately been augmented to five. The scholars mostly from the best families in the State and other Southern communi- ties, number 116. They average in age from 11 to 18. The girls receive a train- ing which makes them at once an orna- ment to a drawing-room and an acquisi- tion to a home. Tuition includes all the English branches and the Greek, Latin, French and German languages, a specialty being made of that most im- portant branch of mental training, math- ematics. Supplementary studies in vocal and instrumental music, painting and drawing, are given, also calisthenics. Three teachers, Misses Ella Mott, E. Goode Griffin and Gussie Ilood, ladies thoroughly acquainted with the several branches they conduct, assist Mr. Pifer in the successful management of affairs. The former pupils of this school the writer knows as wives of some of our most distinguished men and mothers of many happy families in South Carolina to-day. Mr. Pifer, the Principal, was horn in Virginia, and educated chiefly at Roanoke College. He read law with Moses Walter at Woodstock, and at the outbreak of the war entered the 10th Virginia Regiment in September, '61, made 1st Lieutenant till August, '62, when he was attached to the general staff of R. E. Lee with the rank of Captain till the cessation of hostilities. He was admitted to the bar of Virginia in 1865, and practiced two years in Woodstock’ coming to Newberry in the fall of ’67. He was Professor of Latin and Greek in Newberry College, till it removed to Walhalla and was a year in the office of the Register in Bankruptcy, and in 1871 was appointed to his present position. He has had always at heart the welfare of those under his care and designs to have his pupils look back with pride to their happy school days in Newberrv, and we may say he is a deep and widesp- read scholar in several languages, and possess that talent necessary to easily impart his learning. CEO. S. MOWER, Attorney at Law. Among the successful lawyers in this section the above takes a prominent place. Born in Maine, 20th April, 1853, he came South with his family the fol- lowing year and settled in Prosperity. He graduated from Boudoin College, Maine in 1 873, and returning home, im- mediately commenced the studv of law in the office of Jones & Jones. Newberry, being admitted in 1875 to the Circuit and Probate, and in 1877 to practice in the Supreme Courts of the State, and also to the Federal Courts of South Caro- lina. He practices more particularly in the county of Newberry, also has busi- ness in Union, Laurens, Abbeville, Edgefield and Lexington. He has re- cently been most fortunate in a number of local cases. A well read lawyer, and an able advocate, his duties have been mostly in civil Courts, and he is often called on as associate council and was largely engaged in official bond cases. He was for two years Chairman of the coun- ty board of equalization, and is also a member of the State board of equaliza- tion. Apart from his immediate busi- ness Mr. Mower is identified with the public welfare. He has been since 1S78 Secretary of the Agricultural Society, has just resigned his position on tlie county board of school examiners, which he held since 1877. was Alderman two terms, in 1878 and '79, and was in 1874 nominated from this county for the House of Representatives, and this fall State of South Carolina. 231 is a popular candidate for the Legisla- ture. He is a general favorite with his professional brethren and the public at large. He is a member of the firm of C. & G. S. Mower, and a Director in the Newberry Cotton Mill. THOS. S. MOORMAN, Son of Senator Moorman, a most revered citizen of Newberry, was born in Union county March, 1842, and graduated from Wolford College in ’60. He entered the army in April, ’61, at 19 years of age and served the Confederacy as First Lien- tenant in the Third South Carolina in Virginia, being wounded in the Wilder- ness. He studied law with Sim. Fair and was admitted in 1866. He went for eighteen months to the West and return- ing to Newberry rapidly gained a large practice, till he may be said to enjoy as high a standing as any in the profes- sion. From ’70-'78 the firm was known as Moorman & Schumpert and since that as Moorman & Simkins. Mr. Simkins is a grandson of Judge Wardlaw and is the partner resident in Laurensville. In politics Mr. Moorman has taken an ac- tive part. He was in 1870 chairman of the Democratic club, where his influence steadily augments. He is a K. of H. and was the first Grand Dictator for this State. He is a member of the U. S. Law Association. As a son of our able Senator, he possesses many of those quali- fications which fit him for usefulness as an advocate or a conservative lawgiver. NEWBERRY HOTEL. C. C. Chase, Proprietor. With the superior mercantile facilities of this city, this hotel is in its excellent accomodation and efficient management commensurate. It was opened in the spring of 1880, and is furnished in mod- ern style. Situated within a stone’s throw of the depot, it is the most impos- ing building in town. It is brick, two stories with Mansard roof, in the form of an L, 200x225 feet, has 30 rooms and two well appointed parlor suites. On the street floor is the office, a large sam- ple room, billiard room with two first- class tables, a well stocked bar and bar- ber shop. On the second floor are all the sleeping rooms, clean and well ven- tilated, a parlor with piano, conveniently opening on a roomy balcony running the whole length of the house; the dining hall is spacious and can seat over 100 persons, the kitchen is adjacent to this and the writer can say that thanks to the careful supervision of Mrs. Chase the cuisine leaves nothing to be desired. Twelve hands are employed, who are po- lite in attending to the many travelers. A baggage wagon is run to all trains. The hotel was first conducted by A. W. T. Simmons, succeeded by one Galla- shaw, he by Bull & Miller, they by Bull alone, who on 1st December, 1882, gave place to C. C. Chase. Mr. Chase is a na- tive of Laurens, removed at six years old to Charleston, then to Washington, from where he returned and entered the 2d South Carolina Regiment, and later served partly in the 17th Mississippi, and partly on the signal corps in Virginia, East Tennessee and ^Western Virginia. After the war he settled in Newberry, and till January, 1867 ran the old hotel which stood on this site. He after had hotels in Greenville, Spartanburg and Hendersonville, coming to Newberry in 1882. He is Commander of the K. of G. R., Junior Warden of Masonic Lodge, Amity 81, and is as courteous a host as he is an experienced hotel manager. E. A. SCOTT, Insurance Agent and Clothier. To a community there is no person a greater acquisition than a trustworthy insurance agent. Mr. Scott in every re- spect comes up to what one engaged in the insurance business should be — cor- rect, honest and fair dealing, and con- ducts a considerable business here for some of the most solid insurance organizations in the world. He com- menced here ten years ago with the North British and Mercantile, and in or- der took up the business of the Queen of London, London Assurance, Phcenix of London, N. Y. Underwriters, German American, Germania, Imperial, and the Northern of Aberdeen, with total assets of over 150,000,000. The Queen and London Assurance have lately withdrawn from here. He likewise represents the Equit. Life of N. Y. whose outstanding 232 Town of Newberry, insurance is over $200,000,000. He in- sures all kinds of property, including gin risks, and parties having transac- tions with him find no difficulty in having their claims settled. He also conducts business as dealer in fine clothing and he never fails to please his customers. Mr. Scott is a native of Ireland and came to the United States when twelve years old. He graduated from Georgetown College, D. C., in 1849. He afterwards settled in Alabama, where he followed the occu- pation of teacher till the breaking out of the war, when he at once enlisted in the Second Alabama Volunteers, and later Avas a member of the Forty-Second Ala- bama. He tvas in the Western army and rendered faithful service to the Confede- rate cause. After the Avar he was four years professor in Springfield College, near Mobile, and came to Newberry in NO, where he has since been regarded as one of her most useful business men and valued citizens. J. F. J. CALDWELL, Was born in Newberry County and graduated from South Carolina College in 1857. He pursued the study of law in the office of Gen. James Simons, of Charleston, and was admitted in Janu- ary, ’59. He also studied law several months at Berlin. In the Avar he served during the whole time mostly in Vir- ginia, as a member of Gregg’s 1st S. C. Regiment, and rvas afterwards aide to Gen. McGowan. He Avas wounded near Richmond and also at Gettysburg. He afterwards wrote the history of Mc- Gowan’s Brigade, published in 1866, and pronounced by many Northern and Southern men the best compiled history of the war ever printed. Since ’70, Mr. Caldwell has been practicing in partner- ship with Major Suber, the firm among other things being attorneys for the Newberry bank. Than Mr. CaldAvell there are none more versed in the funda- mental principles of law, and none hav- ing a more thoroughly practical knowl- edge of his profession. He Avas Chairman of the Democratic County Executive Committee from its organization in '68, till reorganization in ’76, this being one of the few counties in the State that went Democratic in ’68. He was again made County Chairman in ’77, holding the office till ’80, refusing re-election, and his party carried every election in Avhich it made a contest during both of his terms of office. Devoted to his profes- sion he has apart from this never held or sought any political office. COL. JNQ. 8. JONES, Attorney. One of Newberry’s promising advo- cates was born in this county and gradu- ated from Newberry College in 1880. He clerked some time in the Avell known mercantile house White Bros, of Abbe- ville, studied law Avith Geo. S. Mower, one of the best legal practitioners in this section, and Avas admitted to the bar at a general term of the Supreme Court at Columbia in 1882. Since then he has been practicing in his native town, and has a nicely furnished office located on LaAv Range, up stairs. He has already successfully conducted several difficult cases and gained not only a good reputa- tion as an advocate among his profes- sional brethren but throughout the com- munity generally, where he enjoys the increasing confidence of the public. He is uoav aide to Governor Thompson, with rank of Colonel. FRED. WERBER, JR., Attorney at Law and Insurance Agent. Was born in Newberry and educated at her high schools. In 1869 he entered Washington-Lee University, and for the first tAvo years studied literature, and for a similar period gave his entire attention to engineering. In ’74, he commenced the study of Mav with Suber & Caldwell, and was admitted in May, ’76. at New- berry. He has since practiced here and careful of his clients interest merits the patronage he has obtained. He is also local agent for the Connec- ticut Insurance Company, of Hartford. Connecticut, Merchants, of New Jersey, and the British America, of Toronto, all reliable companies. He has been since 1876 a member of the Board of School Examiners, and is also County Deputy Surveyor. Standing well professionally, he enjoys the esteem of the general com- munity. State oe South Carolina. 233 GEO. SVlcWHSRTER, General Merchant. This enterprising gentleman doing one of the largest businesses in Newberry, succeeded on the 1st January, 1883, the older firm of Fant & McWhirter, which was founded in 1875. He carries a stock valued at some $6,000, of everything in the line of groceries, boots and shoes and general farmers supplies. His groceries are fresh and procured in large quanti- ties from first hands and are being con- stantly replenished. In boots and shoes he also keeps the latest styles, while in farmers supplies we find anything ordi- narily used for their business or domestic purposes. The store, 32x110 feet, in courthouse square, is in the centre of commercial activity. Four competent hands, a horse and a dray are employed, and the trade extends throughout New- berry, Lexington, Fairfield, Union, Edgefield and Laurens. Mr. McWhirter is a native of Union county, was many years resident in Char- lotte, N. C., from where he came to Newberry in 1875. Here he has made for himself a name as an honorable and fair-dealing merchant. He is a member of the K. of IL, and of the K. of H. Mutual Aid. EDUARD SC HOLTZ, Watchmaker and Jeweller, The watchmaking and jewelry busi- ness in Newberry is represented by an establishment, which would do credit to any large city. The premises 22x75 feet are luxuriantly furnished and present in the various show cases an array of arti- cles gratifying at once to our sense of the beautiful and our appreciation of the valuable. It includes the best German, Swiss, English and American gold and silver watches, French and American clocks, unique sets of jewelry, spectacles and eye-glasses, silver and plated ware, and foreign and home-made table cutlery, and musical instruments. He also re- pairs watches, clocks and jewelry. Mr. Scholtz started in 1876, and his steadily increasing trade is the best compliment that can be paid to his experience and thoroughness as a workman and judg- ment in selecting supplies. He is a na- tive of Silesia, and came to the United States in 1873, is a useful citizen, and at present Worshipful Master of Amity Lodge. W. T. TARRANT, Dry Goods, Groceries, etc. Prominent among the stores of New- berry is the house of W. T. Tarrant, which in ’67 succeeded Tarrant & Co. The premises, occupying a conspicuous site on the square, consist of a large two- story brick building 42x100 feet, well adapted for carrying out the extensive transactions. The stock averaging $15,- 000 to $20,000, contains drygoods, fancy and dress goods, silks, satins, gents’ fur- nishing goods, clothing, boots and shoes, hats and caps, crockery, a full line of groceries, saddlery, harness and trunks. Mr. Tarrant has lately added to this ar- ray a millinery department which vies with the others in assortment and qual- ity. The trade, the largest in its line in this county, extends throughout the cen- tre of the State where the goods enjoy a standard reputation. Seven assistants both ladies and gentlemen, are employed, who are polite to callers. Mr. Tarrant, the owner of this prosperous business, was born in Alabama, came to South Carolina when only a year old, his fam- ily settling in Laurens, from where he moved to Newberry in 1859. He was several times Warden of the town and in ’72 was elected to the Intendant’s chair. In the war he served as Ensign with the rank of First Lieutenant, was twice wounded, and present at every battle, in- cluding Manassas and Knoxville. An en- ergetic merchant, he is influential soci- ally, and is a member of the Masonic Lodge, Amity 87. CLOUD & SftflSTH, The “Newberry Clothiers,” Gents’ Furnishing Goods, Etc. Twenty years ago ready-made clothing was made to supply the demands of an uncritical trade, but to-day the produc- tions of the merchant tailor are dupli- cated by the dealer in ready-made goods. This house, one of the leading in their line in South Carolina, occupy premises in Newberry, 22x100 feet, which are 234 Town of Newberry, specially arranged for the business, and pronounced by many the prettiest in town. The stock running some $10,000 in value, is well displayed on the tables and show cases, and an inspection reveals the fact that it is made from the finest productions of home and foreign looms. The sizes are designed to fit all forms, while the styles and quality are sufficient to meet the most exacting demands. In gents’ furnishings, fine shoes, hats and caps, the best goods, and latest New York and London styles are shown. A specialty is also made of merchant tailor- ing. Three obliging assistants are em- ployed and business is conducted on cash principles. Mr. R. D. Smith, the part- ner in Newberry, is a native of Spartan- burg. In October, ’82, he came here and opened the store for Mr. Cloud, becom- ing partner on 1st February, ’83. In devoting bis best energies to the business he has gained a reputation for his house, not only in Newberry, but in Richland and Abbeville counties as “The Leaders of Fashion.” M. FOOT, Dry Goods, Clothing, Shoes, Hats, Furniture, Etc. In the line of trade Mr. Foot is en- gaged in, he may be said to have attain- ed his reputation by result both of his long experience and great aptitude for his particular avocation. The house w T as founded in 1857, is the oldest in town, and with the exception of from 1880 to 1882, when it was Foot & Son, has been conducted by the senior himself. From a small beginning, he has grown till four years ago, he erected his present premi- ses, a handsome 3-story brick building, 50x85 feet. The first floor or retail de- partment, contains foreign and domestic dry goods, silks, fancy and dress goods, gents furnishings, clothing, boots and shoes, hats and caps, and general planta- tion supplies. On the second floor is the furniture, the largest stock in town, in- cluding chamber, drawing room, dining room sets, etc., and the top floor is used for storage of stock. lie also does a large business wholesaling cigars. Nine com- petent hands are employed and two wagons are constantly delivering to the patrons in this and the counties of Lau- i rens, Union and Edgefield. Mr. Foot is a native of Leignitz, came to the LTnited States in 1849, and to South Carolina in 1855. He was in the Confederate armv, he belongs to the I. O. B. B., is a Ma- son, Odd Fellow and K. of H. There is nothing mean or second hand about this house, and parties invariably find rela- tions satisfactory. W. T. WRIGHT, Stoves, Grates, Tinware, etc. This is a name familiar to the people of Newberry as that of one of her lead- ing business men. His store of brick, 22x90 feet, is on courthouse square. He keeps a full line of stoves and grates of latest designs and patterns, tin and ja- panned ware in every variety, &c. In the rear is the work shop, where the sheet tin is cut into sizes for roo fing, guttering, etc., which part of the busi- ness is made a specialty of, all sorts of repairing being efficiently done. Two competent hands are employed. This house dates back to 1855, when it was founded by II. H. Blease, who took Mr. Wright into partnership in 1861. In 1863 Mr. Wright succeeded to the business, and continued alone till 1866. For two years the firm was Blease & Wright, and since 1868 the latter gen- tleman has conducted it alone. Mr. Wright is a thoroughly practical man well up in his line of business. He was born in Tennessee, raised in Georgia, and came to Newberry in 1854. He is a K. of H., in the K. & L. of H., and the United Order of the Golden Cross and is a Deacon in the Baptist Church. State of South Carolina. 535 COCCANS & HERBERT, Attorneys at Law. J. K. P. Goggans was born in New- berry, and graduated from Furman Uni- versity in 1874. He taught school in Abbeville county, for four months at Greenwood, and one year Principal of the Phoenix High School. He farmed till "78, when he studied law with Suber & Caldwell, and also for nine months at the University of Virginia, and was ad- mitted in 1880. He has already gained several important cases in the Circuit and Probate, and a few in the Supreme Courts of the State. He is attorney for the County Commissioners, and is a member of the K. of H. D. 0. Herbert was born in this county and graduated from Wofford in 1878, 1st honor in a class of fourteen. In ’79 he received the degree of M. A. He taught school in Edgefield county and afterwards removed to Cedartown, Georgia, where he was about one year engaged in mer- cantile business. There he commenced the study of law in the office of Colonel Ivy F. Thompson, the leading lawyer of the town, and prosecuted the same at Vanderbilt University, Tennessee, re- ceiving the degree of B. L. from here in 1881. He practiced in Georgia for a year and since November, 1882, he has been of this firm. These gentlemen have a growing practice and are live and useful citizens. DR. SAMPSON POPE Was born in the town of Newberry, 15th October, 1836, studied at and graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Phila- delphia, 9th March, ’58. The war found him the master of a growing practice, which he left 12th January, 1861, and entered Gregg’s First South Carolina Regiment at Charleston, serving till July, ’62, when he passed examination for and entered the medical department, render- ing faithful service as a surgeon till the close, when he was senior surgeon to Sorrell’s Georgia Brigade. In ’67 he gave up medicine, studied law and was ad- mitted in 1868, and practiced ten years, returning to medicine again in ’78. Since then he has had a successful and rapidly growing general practice, his patrons being from the best families all over this and adjacent counties, where he has ac- quired a well merited reputation. His office is located in the Opera House, and callers will find him ready to give prompt attention to their wants. Standing well professionally, the Doctor is likewise an esteemed member of social life and be- longs to the Masonic Lodge, Amity 87. JAMES Y. CULBREATH, Lawyer. Son of Wm. and Behetheland Cul- breath, (a first cousin of Judge Pickens Butler,) was born in Edgefield county 26t,h December, 1843. He received his literary education at Shady Grove Acad- emy, one of the first elementary schools in the State, and at Williamston High School, under the Rev. Kennedy, an able teacher, and finally entered the S. C. Military Academy in January, 1862, and took part in the defence of Charleston, along with the State Cadets. He re- turned to Edgefield county and at- tended to his large estate, and is con- ducting two successful plantations in that county of over 2,000 acres. He also owns a valuable tract partly within, part- ly without the corporate limits of the town of Newberry. In Edgefield he was a member of the county tax commission many years, and came to Newberry in 1875. He studied law in the office of Simeon Fair, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in 1876. He has since conducted a successful practice and in the branch of Equity, has few equals and no superior. J. L. AULL & SON, Lumber Dealers, etc. Engaged in the manufacture of lum- ber, mouldings, etc., is the well known firm of J. L. Anil & Son. The planing mill 30 years a landmark in this county, was bought from Mr. Cline about a year ago. It is a two story frame structure, 25x60 feet, filled with machinery driven by a 15-horse engine. Four hands are employed and a large stock of hard and soft lumber, mouldings, etc., is kept, the firm being at all times prepared to fill building contracts on short notice. The mill is under the supervision of the junior partner, Mr. E. H. Aull, Town of Newberry, 236 who pays close attention to the correct fulfilment of orders. The saw mill at- tended to by the senior partner, is in Edgefield county, and a 60-inch saw is used, and the machinery is driven by a forty-horse engine. Here the firm own some of the best standing timber in the State, and from it they take yearly about 300,000 feet. The goods can al- ways be relied upon, and compete with all successfully. Mr. Aull and his son are both natives of Newberry, and are enterprising manufacturers and public spirited citizens. THE DEWBERRY OBSERVER AMD PRINTING OFFICE. The career of the above newspaper during its comparatively brief span of ex- istence, offers an example of what can be achieved by determination and enterprise in conjunction with brains and ability. It was founded 11th January, ’83, and it r.ow (March, ’84,) has a 700 circulation. It is fearlessly independent and is always in the van in obtaining the latest news. The office also publishes the Lutheran Visitor, a large eight page weekly jour- nal, with an 1 ,800 circulation. There are also issued monthly from this office the Church Record, 1,5,00 copies, an Abbe- ville paper, and the Stylus, the college journal. Four printers besides the three proprietors, who are all practical men, are engaged. Their premises, 40x80 feet, beside a four page press, are fitted with modern conveniences. They do first-class work in business and visiting cards, bill and letter heads, law blanks and briefs, catalogues, etc., with dispatch. Liens, conveyances, mortgages, legal and trial justice blanks always on hand. The pro- prietors, Messrs. \\ . H. \A allace, \\ m. P. Housel and J. PI. M. Kinard, are all na- tives of Newberry, and are well known as live journalists. The first has been en- gaged in the printing line since ’76, the second since ’73, and the last, formerly with the Herald, commenced his appren- ticeship in ’59. The journal is eminently suited to the farmer and business man. D. B. WHEELER, County Sheriff and General Mer- chant. Was born in Newberry, October 11, 1839, and has been from an early age en- gaged in mercantile pursuits. He was many years in the firm of Lovelace & Wheeler, established in ’65, and dissolved in September, ’75, and of their succes- sors 1). B. Wheeler & Co., till Januarv, ’82, since when he has conducted trade alone. His store, 30x160 feet, is located in Courthouse Square. It contains foreign and domestic dry goods, notions, cloth- ing, boots and shoes, hats and caps, gro- ceries and provisions, and all the ordi- nary farmers and plantation supplies, the whole running in value from $6,000 to $10,000. Three hands are emploved and everything kept is of first quality. Mr. Wheeler has filled the position of County Sheriff since 1877, having per- formed the arduous and often difficult and trying duties to the satisfaction of the community, has been each succeed- ing term re-elected and re-appointed. In the late war he was in the 3d South Carolina Regiment, commanded by Col. James D. Nance, and rendered good ser- vice to the Confederate cause, being wounded at Savage Station in the knee. He enjoys the respect and assurance of the public, and is a K. of H. and a Past Dictator of the Order. JOHN K. NANCE, County Auditor, Was born in Laurens, 1840, and grad- uated from Erskine College when only seventeen years old in 1857. At the out- break of the war he entered the Third S. C. Regiment, as Orderly Sergeant, being later promoted for meritorious services to the rank of Major, commanding the consolidated Third, made up of the Third, Eighth and Third Battalion. Since the war he has been farming in this county. Though young in political life, he is endowed with those qualities which carry victory at the polls. In 1879, he was elected Auditor of the county, the election being ratified by the Governor. The following term, notwith- standing strong and intelligent opposi- tion, he was still more victorious, and by an ever memorable and happy speech, so transported his crowd of listeners, that they returned him by a glorious majority of three to one. The functions of the office have, since his acceptation, been State of South Carolina. 237 well performed. The Major is Master of Masonic Lodge Amity. JOHN S. FAIR, Town Treasurer. Son of the illustrious Simeon Fair, and one of Newberry’s favorite citizens and trusted officials, was born in this county, May 7, ’53, received his early education at, and graduated from Wasli- ington-Lee University in 1873. He studied law with Y. J. Pope and was ad- mitted in 1874. He practiced in part- nership with his preceptor as Pope & Fair till 1880, and though still doing a law business he finds the duties of his offices sufficient for any one man. He was elected Treasurer of the town in 1874, and he has been re-elected every succeeding year. Under his management the revenue of the city has risen from $4,600 in 1874, to over $11,000 in 1883. Mr. Fair has likewise filled the post of Trial Justice since 1880, when appointed by Governor Hagood, and twice reap- pointed by his successors. He also owns a large farm in this county, and well merits the high standing he holds among us. A. J. McCAUGHRIN, Dealer in FERTILIZERS, Newberry, 0. H. THE NEWBERRY HERALD. Thos. F. Greneker, Editor and Proprietor. Among the journals of this section the above occupies an important place. It was established in 1864, is the oldest paper in this county. It is a four sheet, 25x38, neatly printed and contains the latest , news. Its 800 circulation gives it a strong hold upon the public mind.. The establishment, situatednear the depot is 25x80 feet, and here skilled workmen are employed and all sorts of job print- ing is done; a neat store is connected with the institution, and here a full stock of standard works, stationery, etc.. is kept. Mr. Thos. F. Greneker is a native of Charleston and came to this town before the war, since when he and his paper have been recognized as an in- trinsic and valuable part of the commu- nity. THE NEWBERRY NEWS. R, H. Greneker, Jr., Editor and Proprietor. This paper was established in January, 1878, and has gradually gained favor. It is a 4-page sheet, 24x36, printed in nice, legible type, appears every Friday morn- ing, and reflects credit upon the pub- lisher for its good arrangement, and the amount of local news it conveys. Its in- creasing popularity is the best proof of the enterprise and ability shown by the propri- etor in its management. The paper has gained additional strength lately by the acquisition of Mr.E.H.Aull, associate ed- itor, who is likewise local correspondent for the Charleston News and Courier. The establishment is equipped with good type and appliances for printing. Mr. Greneker is a native of Charleston and well known in the community as a social gentleman and useful citizen. B. J. RAMACE, Dry Goods, Groceries, Etc. This gentleman, doing a safe business in this county, started in September, 1871, as 11. J. Ramage & Co. In 1875 or ’6 the name became B. J. Ramage & Son, and since 1st August, 1883, Mr. Ramage has continued alone, his patronage com- ing from the county generally" The premises on the corner of Main and Adams, 36x40 feet, are neatly arranged and pleasant to transact business in. The stock, averaging $4,000, contains a full assortment of staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, sugars, butter, flour, etc. Also, dry goods, boots and shoes, hats and caps and hardware and cutlery. The supplies are kept up to the standard and retailed at moderate prices. Mr. Ram- age, who is a native of Newberry, and one of her reliable and fair-dealing merchants, was before the war 16 years Clerk of Court; he was afterwards 7 years agent for the Columbia and Greenville R. R. In politics he formerly took an ac- Town of Newberry. 238 tive interest, and was several years Al- derman. HiEWRY DORATI© BLEASE Was born at Edgefield Courthouse, S. C., 11th May, 1832, received his education at Johnston’s school, and at an early age showed a natural ability for the discus- sion of legal points. Having duties to perform in another direction, however, lie refused the solicitations of friends to educate him for the bar and continued at his vocation as a business man until he became the head of various enter- prises. He came to Newberry in 1849 and served in the war in various capaci- ties, and was very efficient as enrolling officer, being very conversant with the Confederate laws. When peace returned he took to farming, continuing the same till 1875, when he went into the hotel and livery business, which he has since successfully prosecuted. The Blease Hotel is a handsome three- story building situated in the lower part of the town. The cuisine is good, the water excellent, the rooms — 50 in all — are cleanly kept, and the whole is nicely and well arranged. Five competent hands are employed, and parties stop- ping here will have reason to be satisfied with their choice. The livery and sale sta- ble is a first-class establishment and in every way well appointed. Several fine horses are kept, suitable for riding and driving purposes, and the best accommo- dation is furnished feeders, and a stock of horses and mules is always on hand for sale. These institutions receive the ex- tended patronage of the public. Mr. Blease, although not an active politician, has been a life-long consistent Democrat, and was appointed by Governor Thomp- son Trial Justice in August last, and this position he has, with great ability and judgment, his natural legal talents and inclinations rendering him most fit for the work, filled to the entire satisfaction of the public and the bar. VETERINARY SURGEON, OFFICE 8 ! RESIDENCE : No. 37 QUEEN ST.T 34 CHALMERS ST. OnARUiTON, S'. C. _A_1X ZDomoLestiio -AXrriim-alLs Treated. ANDERSON, S. C The town was located in 1827, and incorporated as a city in 1882, to be governed by a Mayor and six Aldermen. The Council elected August 11, 188-4, consists of Mayor, G. F. Tolly: Aldermen, Foster Fant, James M. Payne, J. S. Fowler, J. L. Farmer, F. M. Murphy, B. Frank Mauldin. The police force consists of one chief and four policemen, one of whom is also street overseer. A fire department was or- ganized in June, 1884, with about fifty members, and one third class steam engine. The officers of the company are: chief, James M. Cathcart; assistant chief, John O’Donnell; first director, D. S. Taylor; second director, Foster Fant. The following rates of insurance are in force according to the rates adopted in 1883, before the fire department was organized: Business houses and stocks, 1.65 to 2.75; dwellings, .60 to 1.00. There are forty-five business houses in the city, exclusive of saloons, classed as follows: Clothing, 3; millinery and ladies’ goods, 4; shoes and hats, 1; hardware, 1; stove and tin ware, 2; groceries and confectioneries, 6; jewelry, clocks and watches, 3; drugs, 4; harness and saddles, 2; dry goods, 3; general merchandise, 16. Store rents vary from $200 to $600 per } r ear, according to size of room and location. Manufactures — one door, sash and blind factory with planing mill, one cotton seed oil mill and two carriage factories. The white people have five churches, Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist, Episco- pal and Catholic. The colored people have three churches. Baptist, African Meth- odist, and Northern Methodist. There are two schools of high grade in the city, besides several smaller schools. The population of the city of Anderson is estimated at 2,200, there being a considerable increase in population since the census of 1880. Railroad connections North and West by Blue Ridge Railroad connecting at Seneca with Atlanta and Charlotte Air Line Railway, and South by Columbia and Greenville Railroad. The Savannah Valley Railroad connecting with Augusta, Ga., is in process of building and will probably be completed during the next year. The rate of taxation in the city of Anderson is 2 ^ mills on the dollar, but will probably be a little higher the next few years on account of a bonded debt of $25,- 000 created in the interest of the Savannah Valley Railroad. Cotton is the principal product of the county, and about 20,000 bales are annu- ally sold in this market. The county of Anderson is situated in the northwestern part of South Caro- lina, between 34 degrees and 35 degrees north latitude, in the great Piedmont belt, and in full view of the beautiful Blue Ridge Mountains, which lie to the north and northwest, about twenty-five miles distant from the nearest point on the county line. The scenery, as viewed from many of the most elevated portions of the coun- ty, is grand and picturesque. One hundred years ago the Cherokee Indians roamed over this entire section, and there was none to divide its dominion with them save the bear, panther, wolf, wild-cat, deer, buffalo and rattlesnake. Twenty-eight tribes of Indians inhabited South Carolina when it began to be settled by the whites in 1670, the Cherokees owning and occupying, at the breaking out of the Revolution? 240 City op Andebson, ary war, the northwestern section of the State, bounded towards the southwest and west by Georgia, towards the north by North Carolina, towards the southeast by the upper boundary lines of Abbeville and Laurens counties, and towards the east by a directly Northern line from the point where the Laurens line crosses Reedy river to the North Carolina line. British influence induced them in the summer of 1776 to undertake a war with the State, which was ended in one vigorous campaign by October in that year. Colonel Williamson compelled them to sue for peace and agree to cede all this territory, lying below' a line running northeast from the Georgia line across the top of Oconee Mountain to the North Carolina line, now known as the Old Indian Boundary Line. This cession seems never to have been perfected until 1783, and the next year, 1784, it was opened to white settlers, so much of the land as had not previously been located for soldiers’ bounties being offered at ten pounds sterling per hundred acres. The lands between the Tugaloo and Keowee rivers were specially reserved six months longer than other lands that soldiers’ bounties might be located upon them. When this territory was ceded to the State, it became part of the District of Ninety-Six, which, prior to this time embraced what, on our later maps is marked Abbeville, Edgefield, Laurens, Newberry, Spartanburg aud Union Districts. At that time there was a double system of Courts in the State, viz: Circuit Courts and County Courts. The Circuit Courts for the District of Ninety-Six, were held only at Cambridge, otherwise called Ninety-Six C. H.; but the 'County Courts were held at the courthouses of the several subdivisions just named, then as now. desig- nated as counties. That part of this territory west of the Saluda, was annexed for County Court purposes to, and became apart of, Abbeville count}', and so continued until 1789, when it was separted from Abbeville and organized as Pendleton county. In 1791 a new Circuit Court District, called Washington, was constituted, composed of the counties of Greenville and Pendleton, and a courthouse established therefor at Pickensville, near the present location of Easley, on the Atlanta and Charlotte Air Line Railway. The County Courts were abolished in 1799, and the Circuit Courts of Common Pleas were held in the several counties, which had in the Con- stitution of 1790 been designated as Election Districts, and after the Act of 1199 they were known as Judicial and Election Districts, which, in this part of the State, were severally identical in extent and boundaries until 1826, when Pendleton was divided into two Judicial Districts, Anderson and Pickens, but remained one Election District until 1852, when each of the latter became a separate Election Dis- trict and entitled to a Senator in the State Legislature, and Representatives accord- ing to the aggregate of population and property as provided by the Constitution of 1790. The name District was changed to County in the reconstruction of 1868. and the county was laid off into townships in 1869. The courthouse was built in 1827, and the first court was held in October, 1828. The present western boundary line of South Carolina, the Savannah and Tuga- loo rivers, was established by a convention of the States of Georgia and South Caro- lina, held at Beaufort, S. C., April 28, 1787, Georgia having previously claimed the Keowee (now Seneca) river and the present Keowee river as her eastern boundary line. As the line now stands, the Savannah and Tugaloo rivers, with their islands, to low water mark on the Carolina shore belong to the State of Georgia. The county of Anderson was named in compliment to Gen. Anderson, of Revo- lutionary fame. The surface of the county is undulating, thus preventing the gath- ering of miasma, so common in low, flat countries, yet sufficiently level for its almost entire cultivation. The soil is fertile, and will produce, with proper culture, a greater variety to supply the wants of man and beast than any other territory of the same area in the United States. The climate oppresses with no extreme heat or cold, barring such brief terms as visit all sections of the temperate zone, but combines in no slight degree the bracing, invigorating atmosphere of its mountain vicinity with the genial and perfumed breezes of the sunny South. Conscious of the various gifts conferred by a beneficent Providence on the county of Anderson, an intelli- gent observer will unhesitatingly say that this is a country in which the industry and State of South Carolina. 241 ingenuity of man may achieve all possibilities, a prosperity and culture unsurpassed by few. Among the different religious denominations here there exists the kindest spirit of toleration — a spirit so necessary to good feeling in all communities. The people are mostly intelligent, moral and refined, and are distinguished for industry and unmistakable progress, notably in agriculture, a watchful devotion to political liberty, and genuine unaffected respect for the rights of all. There are five incorporated towns in the county: Anderson C. H., Pendleton, Williamston, Belton and Honea Path, the three latter being stations on the Colum- bia and Greenville Railroad and the two former on the Blue Ridge division of the same road. All of them have churches of from two to five denominations, Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist, Episcopal and Catholic, besides flourishing schools of a high standard. All our towns are within ten to twelve hours of Charleston, seven to ten hours of Atlanta, and about thirty hours of New York. The population of the county, according to the United States census of 1880, is 33,613, about four-sevenths of whom are white and the remaining three-sevenths colored. The growth in population is as follows: 1790, 6,503; 1800, 11.504; 1830, 17,- 169; ’40, 18,493; ’50, 21,475; ’60, 22,875; 1870, 24,049; ’80, 33,612. The area of Anderson county is 733,479 square miles. The taxable property, as per the returns of 1883, is as follows: Outside city and towns — acres of land, 464,631^-, valued at $2,389,308; value of buildings, $345,792; total, $2,735,100. Real estate in city and towns, $451,920; total real, $3,187,020; personal prop- erty, $1,661,984; railroad property, $395,850; National Bank. $62,500; insurance companies, $10,875; express company, $1,677; grand total, $5,319,906. Tax on above, including 4,287 polls, $66,805.96. The rate of taxation for the current year is as follows: State tax, 5 mills; or- dinary county tax, 2f mills; past indebtedness, 1^ mills; school tax, 2 mills; total, 11 mills. The lands are undergoing an improved state of cultivation, and in many parts of the county can be seen farms second to none in the North and West. The coun- ty is well watered, being bounded on the northeast by the Saluda river, on the southwest by the Savannah and Tugaloo rivers, the Seneca passing through the western corner, while every other section is penetrated with smaller rivers and creeks, with numerous shoals and falls of perennial supply of water, thus affording great facilities for an immense manufacturing business. The water is pure freestone, while occasionally a chalybeate spring and well with excellent medicinal qualities is found. The average temperature of the springs is 61-J- degrees, and of the altitude, Anderson 0. H., 832 feet above sea level; Pendleton, 875; Honea Path, 895; Bel- ton, 980. TIMBER. More than one-fourth of this county is covered with timber, consisting princi- pally of the following varieties: red oak, white oak, black oak, post oak, Spanish oak, water oak, willow oak, hickory, short-leaved pine, poplar, chestnut, black gum, sweet gum, ash, maple, black walnut, black locust, black haw, beech birch, cedar, dogwood, red elm, slippery elm, sourwood, sassafras, sycamore, mulberry and wild cherry. These timbers abound in sufficient quantities for all building, machine and agricultural purposes. The pine timber is mostly of the second forest growth, but is among our most useful timbers for building and farm purposes. It grows as a second forest upon the lands in this section in about fifteen years. Many of the foregoing timbers could be obtained for export if demand should exist. AGRICULTURE. To the agriculturist Anderson county offers a safe field for investment. Here corn, wheat, oats, rye and rice, yield largely when properly cultivated. Corn, with 242 City of Anderson, proper preparation and culture, will yield 40 to 50 bushels per acre; wheat, with the same care, 35 to 40 bushels per acre. Cotton is the staple crop of this section, and will yield 2,500 pounds of seed cotton per acre with the best preparation, and this has been found the cheapest system. Clover and the grasses also grow to perfection in this latitude, and with a little care and attention can always be made profitable. The interests of the farmer have been greatly enhanced by the passage of the stock law, which has been in force since the 1st of January, 1879. The farmer has no expense of fencing his crops after once clearing his land, which amounts to an al- most incalculable saving. A great deal of the lands in this county is well situated for irrigation, but this has been practiced very little as yet. FRUITS. All kinds of fruit, save tropical, do well in this county, and there are many fine orchards to be found yielding the best and must luscious crops, but fruit cul- ture is in its infancy in this section. This is especially a fine grape region, and is peculiarly the home of the scuppernong. No grape fails here, or rather the grape crop in general is nearer a success than any other crop. The muscadine is indi- genous to this climate and soil, and from it can be made a very superior wine. It is a safe estimate to*say that $1,000 to $1,500 per year can be made on one acre of land in this county properly cultivated in grapes. EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES. The following is a brief statement of the educational facilities of Anderson county: Number of free white schools, 75; number of free colored schools. 36 — total number of free schools, 111. Number of pupils during the past year: white, 2.794; colored, 2,079 — total number of pupils, 4,873. The public schools were open 6 ^ months. Average amount paid per month to teachers from public fund, $22.80. Amount of public money disbursed during the year, $11,606.87, about one-third of which was paid to colored teachers. Many of the white schools were kept open from two to three months longer by private subscription. Of these schools there are six high schools in which pupils may be prepared for college, one female col- lege, and one collegiate institute for boys. Besides these there are two or three in- stitutions of learning of high standing for girls and young ladies, disconnected with the public school system. From this exhibit it will be seen that none within the borders of our county need grow up in ignorance. The common schools are so lo- cated that all may avail themselves of a good practical education, and in almost every school district we have one or more teachers competent to teach Latin, Greek, and the higher mathematics. LAND FOR SALE. It is safe to say that all or a part of the lands, improved or unimproved, in this section are for sale at all times for the ready money at reasonable prices. In this con- nection we desire to say that we have given herewith only some of the most salient facts connected with the advantages of Anderson county, and cordially invite all who feel an interest to test their accuracy and at the same time learn a great deal more. While on this subject we desire to assure all desiring information, that our peo- ple are in no way disposed to ostracise any one on account of politics, creed or na- tionality, the assertions of designing men to the contrary notwithstanding, but have at all times a cordial welcome in waiting for the upright and honest who come among us. But on the other hand, neither wealth, nor name, nor any other cir- cumstance, will induce them to open their hearts and homes to the disreputable or unprincipled, let him come from where he may, for experience has taught us not to yield our substance to the spoiler nor warm the viper in our bosoms. Our people have secured a good footing on the highroad of progress and are moving onward, State of South Oakoli^I. 243 and they will gladly welcome all good men who desire to travel the same road, either in company with them or to lead on in advance. There are a great many good water-powers in the county some being utilized by cotton mills, grist, flour and saw mills, cotton gins, etc. MINERALS are also somewhat plentiful in this county — corundum, mica, graphite, asbestos, amethyst, have been found in large quantites, and there are also indications of gold, copper, silver, iron, galena, zinc, talc, beryl, garnet, serpentine, manganese and kaolin. F. M. HAMILTON, Columbia, S. C. A well known and popular South Carolinian, and one of the best business men of the State of his age, was born in Columbia, was educated at the best schools of the Capital city, and entered the dry goods store of Porter & Steel, at the age of 12. He was later several years with C. F. Jackson, in the same line, and for a few years he traveled this State for Lippencot, Mitchell & Co., jobbers in hats and caps, Phil- adelphia. Mr. Hamilton made himself quite a favorite in the towns of the State, and when he took up business for C. C. Habenicht, of his native city, he proved at once an acquisition to his employer, and ably serves his interests. He is one of the best men to meet on the road; is splendid company, being unobtrusive in his manner, but at the same time places full confidence in himself. He is an active member of the Palmetto Regiment, Governor’s Guards, is a leading spirit in the Fire Department, promoting its efficiency and welfare. He ingratiates himself into the good will of his customers, has a happy and genial temperament, which has led captive host of friends, and we might safely say. few men are so capable of advancing their employer’s interest, and none in this State are greater favorites than he. REPRESENTATIVE HOUSES AND — OF — ANDERSON, S. C. B. F. CRAYTON & SOWS, Dealers in General Merchandise. I), s. MAXWELL. Ex Mayor. It is a pleasure to record the business and character of such houses as the above, which have been so long engaged in trade that an account of their opera- tions becomes a part of the city's history. Of such houses it is not necessary to speak any praise, their existence is em- phatic evidence of the honorable position they occupy, and the long course of fair dealing they have pursued, than could be any mere words of ours. The house of B. F. Crayton & Sons of Anderson was established in 1842 by Mr. B. F. Crayton. In ’48 it became B. F. & T. S. Crayton, and after the war as- sumed the present name. Mr. Crayton originally started business on the west side of the square, and from ’68 to the present year he occupied the large build- ing on the south corner familiar to all. The increasing custom necessitating bet- ter and more ample accommodation, last April this was torn down and this hand- some and spacious edifice was erected. Thebuilding, one of the ornaments of the city, is a two-story one, 27 feet wide and 90 feet long, with an L 26x50 opening on the side street. The stock, which at no time of the year runs less than 815,000 in value, comprises everything included in the term general merchandise, dry and fancy goods, staple and fancy groce- ries, shelf and heavy hardware and cut- lery, clothing, hats and caps, boots and shoes, agricultural implements, etc. Sup- plies are purchased in large quantities from first hands and advantages are ob- tained which are liberally shared with customers. They do one of the largest cotton businesses in town, handling in a short year 2,000 bales. One dozen hands are employed in the establishment, and the greatest system prevails in manage- ment, The members of this prosperous house are Col. B. F., his son, Mr. S. M. Crayton, and son-in-law. Mr. I). S. Max- well. The first named, assisted by his son, is engaged in stock raising, and his Jersey farm, which is the leading one in the State, as the mercantile house may well lay claim to be the pioneer firm of this county, is noticed separately. Mr. Maxwell, upon whom devolves the charge of the house in town, is the present worthy Mayor of the city. He was born in lower Pickens 12th July. 1840. and at the age of 16 entered into business at Fair Play, continuing at Pendleton. When the war broke out he volunteered in the Fourth South Carolina, serving with them twelve months. He was then with State of South Carolina. 245 tlie Palmetto Sharpshooters a year and latterly in the Hampton Legion, being- present with them at Appomattox Court- house. He returned to Anderson and be- came one of the firm of B. F. Crayton & Sons. He was elected Mayor in August, ’82, and has done much to improve the city, a great deal of new and necessary street paving having been laid in his ad- ministration. He has refused re-election. He is a shareholder in the bank and a di- rector in the Building and Loan Associ- ation. He is also Dictator in the K. of H. GENEROSTEE STOCK FARM. B. F. Crayton & Sons, Proprietors. Anderson, which has been called the banner County of the State, in great measure owes its prominence to the pos- session of such institutions as the above, and to the enterprise which has been dis- played in the management of this farm, at once a credit to the owner and his country, must she mainly account for the precedence that her products have taken in the exhibits which have, from time to time been held in friendly rival- ry between representatives from the va- rious districts of our State. The farm is located two miles west of the city of Anderson. As we approach it from the town we see large fields of yel- low full-eared corn and oats, protected from cold north winds and western tor- nadoes by extensive and thickly wooded and tall pine forests, while from the south and east it enjoys the full heat of the summer sun, and the moist and gentle breezes from the sea and plains of the lower country. Further on we come to great beds of soft luxuriant clover, and stretching into the dim distance, endless tracts of long waving grass and fields of new mown hay, upon which one might figuratively say, could be fed all the herds of Texas. This forest, grain and pasture land, is however a comparative auxiliary to the farm, upon which is raised one of the finest breeds of Jersey cattle in the South. The stock being constantly added to and crossed with se- lections from the best known herds in the United States, contains fine butter and milch cows and beautiful heifers, many of which trace a direct descent from the most noted strains. They have taken first prizes both at State and Na- tional Fairs, and are all alike beautiful in form and handsomely marked, none being an inferior breed or record. At the head of the Jersey stock is the bull, Esquire McBee, born 23d January, 1881, grand-son of Clement and son of dam Clementine, the mother of the celebrated Lawrence. At the time of writing, 20th April, 1884, the bull has served 100 times. The younger bulls, four in number, are also from noted prize win- ners. Among the cows and heifers, gen- erally about 80 or 100 in number, we note the progeny of Cylburn, Lily of G-rowville, Duchess, York, Prince, Champion Bex, Jewel Rex, Flora Hin- man, etc., names which carry their own weight with them. The farm also has a fine lot of registered Ayrshires. Possess- ing every virtue that blood can put in them, these animals receive a care, atten- tion and training that few, especially those in Northern climates, can enjoy. The proprietor having made the rearing of stock a life-study, grows and selects the very best of feed for them, while the sanitary and drainage arrangements of both grain and pasture lands, is on the most improved scientific principles. Col. Crayton was the first in this country to introduce the tile system of drainage, immediately after the war, and it has been his aim ever since, not only to adopt all the most recent plans and systems, but to apply many beneficient inventions of his own. Generostee farm is about 300 acres in extent, and every square foot is utilized for some purpose. There are no spare tracts in this wide domain, no accumu- lations of superfluous dirt or rubbish around the extensive yards which are kept scrupulously clean. The spring 246 City of Anderson, supplies an abundance of pure water, and the whole may in fact, be called a model farm, not excepting a large veget- able and flower garden, a splendid man- sion, poultry, hogs and horses, which latter will compete with any going. Col. Crayton has at present a colt, a few months old, perfect in shape and fault- less, and destined at no distant date to grace the Saratoga course. He has also another tract, about a mile and a half distant, of some 300 acres of pasture and grazing lands. He publishes every six months a complete catalogue of his prin- cipal stock, which parties will receive on application. A few words on the eventful and sig- nificant life of the senior proprietor, who is ably assisted by his son, Mr. S. M. Crayton will be appropriate. He was born in Greenville in 1820, and came to Anderson county when only 18 years old starting in life for himself four years later. At the breaking out of the war, he joined Orrs Rifles, but soon returned home on account of ill health. From 1862 till 1868, he sat in the Legislature, and from 1878-82, represented this county in the Senate. He organized the County Agri- cultural Society, was ten years its head, and also four years President of the State Agricultural Association. He is a Director in the Edisto, the most enter- prising phosphate company of Charles- ton, and also a Director of the Anderson Bank, the most solid monetary institu- tion in the State. As a financier and business man, the Colonel is a moving- spirit in this county, and a weighty fac- tor in the general moral, physical and material welfare of its people, and no man to-day fills as large a place in the hearts of Andersonians. BLECKLEY, BROWPsS & FRET- WELL, General Merchants. There are no commercial enterprises that add so materially to the wealth, or make the credit of this State more sound, than the few large firms located, one or two in every county carrying on a general merchandise business. As these houses may be called the main factors in supporting the high name South Caro- lina bears for her solid and fair manner of conducting business, and her honestv in living up to all contracts entered into, so may this house be looked upon as a most active motor in aiding and advanc- ing the prosperity of this, the capital of the banner county of the State. The house was originally established in March, 1853, as Ingraham, Bleckley & Co., who were succeeded by Bleckley & Craytons. After the war Mr. Bleckley was partner in the firm of Fant & Co., at Pendleton, and then Sharp, Fant & Bleckley, at Anderson, for some time; then Bleckley & Evans three years, S. Bleckley three years, and in ’74 the firm became" Bleck- ley, Brown & Co., and in 1882 the pre- sent name was adopted. The main build- ing, which is a central mart for business in town, is a large two-story brick one 26x120 feet in extent. Here is a full stock of general merchandise, including dry goods, groceries, hardware, hats and caps, clothing, boots and shoes, agricul- tural implements, and farmer’s supplies generally, in fact, there is nothing used by civilized man, produced or manufac- tured in any part of the known world, that cannot be got here at market prices. In the rear is a spacious, well built and dry shed for storing heavy goods and fertilizers of which they handle about 700 tons annually, chiefly the old relia- ble Wando brands, not surpassed in the market. They have also recently built a spacious brick structure for the ac- commodation of heavy goods, and the celebrated Studebaker and Tennessee wagons, which for durability, lightness and finish have not their superior. The total flooring is 13,500 square feet, and they have also a separate building for storing gunpowder in which they are agent for Hazard Powder Company, and furnish as cheaply as any in the Southern States. They employ nine hands. The total stock will average from $25,000 to $35,000 in value, and their transactions in general merchandise will run up to $100,000 annually. In cotton they handled in ’82 and ’83, 7,700 bales, and in ’83 and ’84. 6,000 bales, and will pass through their books annually .about half a million dollars worth of merchandise. These figures speak for themselves and convey to the reader some idea of the importance of the house whose trade ramifies all through Anderson and the State of South Carolina. 247 adjacent counties on this and the other side of the Savannah river. The indi- vidual members of the firm, Messrs. Sylvester Bleckley, E. W. Brown, andJ. J. Fretwell, are classed among the ener- getic merchants, and valued citizens of this section. The first is a native Geor- gian, and came to Anderson in A3. He is connected with many of the largest enterprises in our midst, has been a director in the Anderson bank several years, and also in the railroad. The second is a native of this county, and as a member of the 2d South Carolina Rifles did good service for the Confed- erate cause, being in Virginia present at Seven Days around Richmond, and lat- terly in this State. The third is also born in Anderson, and raised two and a half miles west of this place where his forefathers have long lived. They were among the earliest settlers in this county and have been always identified with the farming interests. In conclusion, we shall add that intending purchasers will find their interests in no way better con- served than by trading with this house, where they will find relations pleasant, profitable and permanent. THE ANDERSON INTELLI- GENCER. One of the most potent county news- papers in this State, and one which is not only closely identified with, but most active in directing the general ad- vance and action of this county, -was established in 1860 by Messrs. Hoyt & Co., succeeding the old Gazette, which was the first newspaper started in town, the Pendleton Messenger being the first in the county. The firm later became known as Hoyt & Walters, then as Hoyt & Co., till E. B. Murray & Co. took pos- session in 1877. In 1875 the Conserva- tor, which had been started in ’73 by Brown & Hainey, was consolidated with the Intelligencer. The paper is a large 4 page, 8 column sheet, 26x40 inches, printed in clear, legible type, and the clean press work reflects credit upon the workmen, as the exhaustive digest of news, its valuable reading matter and weighty editorials proves at once the care devoted to it by, and the ability of, the editor and his staff. It appears every Wednesday evening and for four or five years back has had a regular cir- culation of over 1,900. The establishment, located in a new brick building, near the Waverly Hotel, is 26x95 feet, divided into printing room and offices, provided with the latest im- proved machinery and type, including Campbell power and Liberty job presses. Five printers are employed, and lawyers’ blanks, bill and letter heads, advertising and visiting cards, etc., is executed. The printing room is under the charge of Mr. J.F.Clinkscales, who has been a partner in the firm since 1869. He is a native of Anderson county, and been always in the printing business and his exper- ience in a great measure has added to the success of the paper. He became connected with the Southern Rights Ad- vocate in 1854, afterwards with the Ga- zette, and then with the Intelligencer. He has filled the post of Warden in this town. Mr. E. B. Murray, the editor, was born in Newberry, but his family almost immediately removed to Anderson. He was educated at Furman, and later at the University of Virginia, and studied law with his father, being admitted in 1874. Since then he has been practic- ing law in this county, latterly as one of the firm of Murray, Breazeale & Murray. He purchased the Conservator in 1874 and thus became one of the editors of the Intelligencer in 1875, and has con- ducted it with the significant and grati- fying results we have already spoken of. Successful as Mr. Murray has been as a lawyer and editor it is especially as a legislator distinguished in the arena of political life, that he has been marked. He was elected to the State Legislature in ’78, ’80 and ’82, with a regularly in- creasing majority. In the House his name has been connected with the furtherance of many measures. He was chairman of Privileges and Elections; a member of the Judiciary and R. R. Committees, and was chairman of the House branch of the joint committees which framed the present Election Laws of the State. He was on the special committee ap- pointed to investigate the charges of cruelty to convicts on the Augusta & Knoxville R. R. He was the author of the concealed weapon law now in force. 248 City of Andersoh, of the local option and present license law, he took a leading part during his six years of office in introducing the bill on It. E. legislation, which was almost wholly accepted by the committees and adopted by the House. Mr. Murray is talented, genial and courteous, and one of the most popular men in our county to-day, and we may at no distant date, see him called upon to fill still higher trusts of greater eminence. HON. H. G. SCUDDY, Lawyer. Among the young representative men of the State we note the above rising lawyer and favorite Legislator. Mr. Scuddy was born in Abbeville, received most of his education at Anderson High School, studied law with Judge Cothran and was admitted to the Supreme Court December 12, ’78. He practiced with his preceptor at Anderson till the latter was elected to the bench in 1881. He has been successfully engaged in impor- tant civil cases, and is at present carry- ing on an issue of great moment in the Supreme Court. It is the case of Chamblee vs. the Savannah Valley Rail- road, County Treasurer and Auditor, which will test the validity of township subscription for building railroads, and the right of taxation on popular vote. He has defended six men accused of mur- der and got them all acquitted. In the case of the State vs. Bradley & Osborne tried at Walhalla in the Circuit Court, the jury, to save the neck of the one, convicted both of manslaughter; in the Supreme Court Mr. Scuddy got his man Osborne acquitted. He also successfully defended Arnold, who was indicted on the Jeff David case on circumstantial evi- dence as the real murderer. In politics Mr. Scuddy has been singu- larly fortunate for a man of his age. In ’82, when only 23 years old, he was elected to the Legislatui’e, being the youngest among 13 candidates. In the House he introduced the bill which simplified the complexity of the court calendar system; the number, before twelve, has now been reduced to three, one for the jury, one for the court, and one for default cases. Mr. Scuddy was President of the State Y. M. C. A., and is Superintendent of the M. E. Sabbath School. He has made several weighty speeches throughout the country, and for one delivered at Hart- well last year on temperance, in answer to one on behalf of the liquor party, he received the present of a handsome gold- headed cane from the people of Elberton. Mr. Scuddy certainly has had success; when he took up his first case a 110 bill was all the cash he owned in the world, now he is the happy possessor of a nice wife, whom he married in Tyler, Texas, in August, ’81, and family, a first-class library, and withal an unsullied es- cutcheon and an eminent popularity. JNO. O’DONNELL, Palace Saloox. This establishment, one of the most prominent in the town and a leading oue in its line, was established in 1882 by its enterprising owner, who a year before erected the block on Main Street, south- west corner of public square, 50x90 feet, where he is located, oue of the handsome and substantial buildings of the city. The saloon is conveniently arranged. In the forepart is the bar, filled with the largest and best selected stock of wines, liquors and cigars, and in the rear is the billiard room. This is furnished with two pool and a billiard table, and affords a good place for guests to spend a pheas- ant hour in, play being procured at a mod- erate cost. The bar, elaborately and ele- gautly arranged, contains a stock valued at over $3,000, including the finest im- ported and domestic wines, leading brands of Irish and Kentucky whiskies, best French brandies, and all grades of American and English ales, besides selt- zer and mineral waters. Fancy drinks put up in bon ton style, punches, cob- blers, cocktails, smashes, etc. His fa- mous English 'alf-and-'alf and Idylwild toddy would astonish the epicurean Wall Street tippler. He puts up also expressly for family use N. C. mountain dew drop corn whiskey at $2 a gallon: keeps Stone Mountain corn and Hibson's XXXX rye and genuine Buckingham rye, three years old; also “Good as Gold” Kentucky rye. Mr. O'Donnell was born in Donegal, Ireland, and arrived in the United States May, 1869. He lived some time in State of South Carolina. 249 Wilkesbarre, Pa., and came to Anderson in ’73, and in ’75 opened business as Ken- nedy & O’Donnell, afterwards Kennedy, O’Donnell & Co. In ’78 he went alone and ran two saloons. In ’81 be moved to tlie present block. He employs two po- lite hands who are well up in their busi- ness. Mr. O’Donnell opened last spring a place in Abbeville under the name of O’Donnell & Cunningham. He is a gen- tleman who deserves great credit, for it is to such management as his that we owe the good moral status of our so- ciety. W. S. LIGON & GO., Dealers in General Merchandise and Guanos. The above house was originally estab- lished as Ligon & Hill in 1875. From ’80 till ’82 it was known as Ligon & Sharp, then Mr. W. S. Ligon conducted it alone till the present firm was formed on 1st January, ’84. Since its inception the business has steadily augmented and the goods have gained a standard reputa- tion. The premises, located in the pub- lic square, occupy a two-story structure, 24x90 feet, well arranged and adapted for business. The stock, averaging $7,- 000 in value, contains a complete list of general merchandise. It consists of everything in the line of staple and fancy groceries, dry goods, dress goods, cloth- ing, hats and caps, hardware, cutlery, crockery, agricultural implements, far- mers’ supplies, and in fact everything or- dinarily used by civilized man. They do a business in guanos of over 250 tons, mostly the famous soluble Pacific, which has not its equal in the market. And in cotton they handle 500 bales. Their goods retailed at the lowest market prices are guaranteed and sold for what they are. Their engagements necessitate the employment of three hands. Mr. W. S. Ligon, the senior member of this flour- ishing house, is a native of Lexington county, but came to Anderson when only 6 years old. He has been identified with the progress of the community and is re- garded as one of Anderson’s most ener- getic merchants and useful citizens. He has been since ’79 Treasurer of the Savan- nah Valley II. R., and was three terms a Warden of the town. He is a Master Mason and belongs to Hiram Lodge, No. 68. The junior partner, Mr. R. S. Ligon, was born in this county. W. Dealer in Wines, Liquors and Cigars. Among the prosperous establishments in this town we note with pleasure the “First City Bar,” opened over 7 years ago by its enterprising proprietor, Mr. W. I. Drennan, to whom the city has been indebted for supplying as fine a stock of wines and liquors as are kept in town. The saloon is 25x50 feet in extent, is conveniently arranged for carrying on business. The stock, averaging some $4,000 in value, contains everthing in the line of first class foreign and domestic wines, finest whiskies, brandies and beers, a full assortment of the best Cuban and American tobaccos and cigars, and all kinds of seltzer and mineral waters, from the most famous springs and manufac- turers. The old “Bob Lee” rye whiskey kept here is deserving of special mention, as it surpasses anything m the market for purity and quality. In connection with the establishment is a good pool table with all the modern improvements, affording a pleasant source of amuse- ments to those seeking an hour’s pleas- ure. The bar which in its management and the superior class of goods kept does credit to the city, gives employment to two competent hands. Mr. Drennan is a native of Anderson county and recog- nized among her most experienced busi- ness men and useful citizens, alive to the welfare of the community. CAPT. JNO. W. DAMSELS, County Clerk. This is the name of one of the re- spected citizens and trusted officials of Anderson. Jno. W. Daniels was born in Pickens county, 26th August, 1833, and finished a good education at the State Military Academy, graduating from it in November, 1852. He prosecuted the calling of surveyor and teacher in Ala- bama, Louisiana and Texas. He joined in February, 1861, Guinns’ Engineer Corps on Morris Island. He enlisted in the same year in the 250 City of Anderson, 4th Regiment and went to Virginia, and upon the reorganization was elected Capt. of Company L, Palmetto Sharpshooters, Jenkins’ Regiment, and wounded at the battle of Seven Pines. He lay in the hospital for two years, and when he again came forth found that he had sac- rificed the use of his left leg for Southern rights. Returning home he was elected to the post of Clerk of Court, taking his seat on 11th February, ’65. He has been re-elected every four years since, and he oversees and attends to the diffi- cult affairs of the office with an exact- ness and precision which few can imi- tate, and a knowledge that none can have. Mr. Daniels is also engaged in mercantile business and runs a farm in the county. He belong to the I. 0. 0. F. and the K. of H. MAJOR W. W. HUMPHREYS, Master in Equity. One of the most popular of Anderson’s citizens, was born in this county Octo- ber 30, 1837. He graduated from Centre College, Danville, Kentucky, in 1857, and pursued the study of law with Young & Simpson, at Laurens, and was admitted in 1860. He edited the Intel- ligencer for some time, and at the out- break of the civil war at once volunteered in the 4th South Carolina, serving 12 months, three as Lieutenant and nine as Captain; then was appointed Major of the Palmetto Sharpshooters, Jen- kins’ Brigade and was wounded at Frasers farm in the left lung. The Major’s record as a soldier was brilliant as His success as a lawyer and politician has been pronounced and decisive. He was elected Commissioner in Equity in ’65, remaining till the office was abolished in ’68, when he was elected Probate Judge, which post he filled till 1882, de- clining re-election, and was chosen to his present position. He is President of the Savannah Valley Railroad. He was In- tendant of the town in ’78, and made a good Mayor. In the same year he was appointed Brigadier-General of Militia, and in ’80, Major-General. He is also a Mason, and in December, ’83, was chosen Grand Master from the Grand Lodge of the State. M. P. TRIBBLE, County Treasurer. The post of County Treasurer of An- derson is at present filled by one who has shown himself possessed of those quali- ties of honesty and business talent neces- sary to make a good and trusted officer. Mr. Tribble was born in Laurens county 27th August, 1840, and was raised on a farm and prosecuted planting till three years ago when he was called and elected to this position. He took office on the 22d January, ’81, and ivas re-elected in ’83 unopposed. In the war Mr. Tribble rendered ser- vice to the Confederate cause in Vir- ginia, first in the Third South Carolina Infantry, Kershaw’s Brigade, for twelve months, being in ’62 detailed as a scout, and at the close was with the Seventh Cavalry in Gary’s famous Brigade. He was made Colonel of militia in ’76, which post he still holds. In politics he is one of the county’s most solid friends. He was President of the Belton Democratic Club several years, was delegate to the State Convention of ’82, and is on the County Executive Committee. He is a member of the Sons of Temperance. THOMAS CHARLTON LICON, Probate Judge. The above official, well and favorably known to the people of this section, was born at Sandy Run, Lexington county, 30th August, 1859, and received his ear- ly education at the country schools. He studied law in the office of Gen. IV. IV. Humphreys, and has since conducted considerable practice in all the Courts of the State, except the Probate. He was elected Probate Judge in 1882, and has during his term of office, performed the responsible duties incumbent upon him with credit to himself and the gratifica- tion of an appreciative constituency. He was formerly five years Clerk to the Town Council, and is one of the most ac- tive members of the Democratic Club. The Judge is an agreeable gentleman to have dealings with, attentive to all mat- ters submitted to his care, and is also Master Mason and member of Hiram Lodge, Xo. 68. Stats oe South Carolina. 251 j as. h. McConnell, Sheriff. "Was bom in this county November 13, 1828. He was raised on his father's farm and continued planting and farming for himself till 1856, when he was appointed Deputy Sheriff, which position he occu- pied till 1876, when he was elected to his present post. Mr. McConnell pos- sesses the qualities necessary for making an efficient officer, and has performed the duties incumbent on this trust as few other men in the country could. In the late war he served as Orderly Sergeant in Orr Rifles, and was present in most of the big fights Jackson’s, afterwards A. P. Hill’s corps, was engaged in. From ’66 to ’75, Captain McConnell was United States Deputy Marshal. He has always been a member of the Democratic club of this county and carries considerable weight with him in the community. W. F. BARR, De\ler in General Merchandise, Cotton, Guano, Etc. This house, one of the best known in town, was established in 1868 as W. F. Barr & Co., the two other partners being W. B. and W. G. Wffitson. These were succeeded by Barr, Watson & Co., D. S. Watson being the third partner, and that again by Barr & Fant, which firm gave place to Barr & Co., J. F. and W. D. Brown being the second and third part- ners. In ’81 this firm dissolved and Mr. Barr continued alone, increasing his transactions, which in an average year amount to $35,000, and sometimes run- ning much higher. The premises which he has occupied since he first started are on Granite Row, No. 10, and consist of a two-story building, 24x120 feet in ex- tent, well arranged and adapted for the business. The stock of general merchan- dise running from $6,000 to $14,000 in value according to the season, contains a full line of everything included under the comprehensive terms foreign and do- mestic dry goods, fancy goods, clothing, notions, hats and caps, boots and shoes, staple and fancy groceries, shelf and heavy hardware, saddles and bridles, crockery, china and glassware, bagging and ties, etc. A business of about 1,000 bales is done in cotton in an average year and in fertilizers over 150 tons. Three hands are employed. Mr. Barr was born in Anderson town and was raised on a farm till 21 years old. In the war he served in the Fourth South Caro- lina inVirginia and latterly in Trenholm’s Squadron, and at the close in Haskell’s South Carolina Cavalry. He was War- den of the town a year, ’76 and ’77, and is also a Master Mason and K. of H., and few men stand as high in mercan- tile and social circles. THE NATIONAL BANK OF ANDERSON Was incorporated in 1873, and under the able management of its officers has had a successful career. Its capital and surplus fund is invested in loans to farmers mostly in small sums, and are first-class securities, in which it has scarcely sus- tained a loss since the beginning. The following is the statement on 1st April, 1884: Resources, United States bonds $ 50,000 Other bonds 34,674 Loans and discounts 154,617 Furniture 750 Due from National Banks 23,814 Redemption fund with United States Treasurer . -r 2,250 Cash 38,104 Liabilities. Capital stock $ 50,000 Surplus-fund 50,000 Undivided profit 34,507 Circulating notes 45,000 Deposits 122,187 Dividends unpaid 2,515 Shares $100.00,. selling at $225.00. This fall the institution has erected a handsome building on the site of Mr. Crayton’s old store in the public square. It is 25x60 feet in dimensions, two-story with a stone vault and time-lock safe. The President is Jos. N. Brown; cashier, J. A. Brock; assistant cashier, B. F. Mauldin, who have all been with the in-' stitution since its commencement. The Board of Directors consists of President and Cashier, iiLJJledki-ev, BrHiVUrayton, O. H. P. Fant, Geo. W. Fant, and J. W. Norris, all gentlemen prominent in the State, who enjoy the reward of knowing City of Anderson, 2 o2 that the bank is regarded as one of the soundest and most reliable monetary in- stitutions in the State. Colonel Brown was born in this county in 1832. He studied law with Colonel S. II. Irby, at Laurens, and was admitted 1858. He practiced in Laurens till the war when he entered the 14th as Captain, laier being promoted to the Colonelcy of the Regiment, which was in Jenkins’, afterwards A. P. Hill’s, corps. He was wounded at Gainesville, Gettysburg, and 2d Manassas, and was captured at Peters- burg. Peace returned he settled in An- derson where he has since continued the practice of law. Among the many cases he has conducted we note that of Pelzer, Rodgers & Co. vs. Campbell, establishing the liability of married persons on con- tracts as a surety, reported in 15th South Carolina. Colonel Brown has al- ways been a factor promotive of the pub- lic welfare, and has founded institutions that are a pride to his county and State. W. S. BROWN, One of the well known lawyers of this town, was born in Anderson, 1 1th Octo- ber, 1848, studied law with Reed & Brown, and later at the University of Virginia, being admitted to the bar in 1869. He was out in Texas a few months and has since practiced his profession in Anderson, with a degree of success most gratifying to himself and his many cli- ents. At 16 he entered the State militia. In 1872 and 1873 he edited the Conser- vator, which he sold to the Intelligencer Company. Apart from immediate busi- ness, Mr. Brown is an active politician, and one of the ascendent members of the Democratic party in this section of the State, and in 1874, was delegate to the Convention for the nomination of Gen. McGowan. He was formerly partner in the firm of Featherstmie & Brown, and has been one of the firm of Brown. Trib- ble & Brown, since September, 1882. As a business man he gives prompt atten- tion to his patrons’ interests and in pri- vate life has a large circle of friends. J. L. TRIBBLE, Lawyer. The above, one of the successful law- yers of Anderson was born in Abbeville county, 24tli October, 1848. He was en- gaged in farming till ’69, and clerked till the fall of ’70, when he entered the Greenville High School. In fall of ’71 entered Furman University, and after 3 months left college to accept a county school. He then studied at Richmond College, Virginia, first year took an academic and next the law course, grad- uating B. L. in 1874. In the winter of ’74, Judge Reed having been elevated to the bench, being a warm friend of Mr. Tribble’s, gave him access to his valuable library and requested him to take care of his office and thus he applied himself to the study of the code and general stat- utes. In February, ’75, he received his first case, and in July, ’76, formed a part- nership with Jas. L. Orr. till August, ’80, since when he has been associated with < ‘ol. Jos. N. Brown, the firm doing one of the largest practices in upper South Carolina. Mr. Tribble is recog- nized as a lawyer devoted to his clients. He is a member of the Masonic Order, Master and R. A., and is generally pop- ular throughout the county, where his reputation both in public and private life is of the highest. M. B. ARNSTEIN, New York Cash Store. Among the prosperous houses in this county, who have gained a reputation based on the merits of their goods is the above, established in 1875, as Arnstein & Rose. It later was run by M. L. Rose several years, and in January, 1884, its present owner, who had been interested in the house since 1879, became proprie- tor. He has continued not only to sup- port the old prestige of the house, but by offering advantages to the public that formerly they had no experience of has increased his patronage and extended his trade, not alone over Anderson, but through the counties of Abbeville, Oco- nee, Pickens and Greenville, The store in Granite Row is 25x120 feet, two sto- ries, is the nicest arranged and prettiest place of business in town. The stock, valued at some $20,000, includes fine foreign and domestic dry goods, silks, satins, fancy dress and gents furnishing goods, sheetings and drillings. Paris and New York fashions in ladies’ suits and State of South Carolina. 253 cloaks, ladies boots and shoes from the best Northern factories, in sizes suitable for all; newest styles in clothing; latest patterns in hats and caps, etc. In the millinery department, Mr. Arnstein keeps three hands constantly at work and manufactures and keeps in stock a line of goods which for taste, beauty and style, are par excellent. These are ele- gantly displayed on the various table and show cases, giving customers every op- portunity of examining the goods. Mr. Arnstein employs six hands in the store, and he conducts business on cash prin- ciples, which enables him to undersell other houses. He has an office in New York city, at 335 Broadway, Charles M. Rose, and goes twice a year to that mar- ket to make purchases. He is a native of Westphalia, where he was born 18th December, 1858, and came to the United States when 15 years old. He lived some time in New York, and later in life was west in Kansas City. He came to An- derson in 1879. He is quite an accom- plished gentleman, talking all the mod- ern languages with fluency and rivals the best on the zithern and piano. He is a R. A. Mason, Hiram Lodge, and his estab- lishment is the first of its kind in this county. A. P. JOHNSTONE, Dentist. The dental profession in Anderson is well represented by the above popular practitioner, who was born in Chester raised in Newberry but has passed most of his life in Anderson. He studied two years at Philadelphia Dental College graduating in 1875. He practiced in Newberry three years and came to An- derson in ’78, where he has since con- ducted a growing business. His rooms located in the public square, McCully Block, up-stairs, are nicely furnished and fitted with modern instruments and im- provements for the business. The doc- tor’s work invariably give satisfaction, and he has established his name as a suc- cessful and quick operator. He is a mem- ber of the State Dental Association and has been its corresponding secretary since 1879, and is likewise ex-secretary of the Hiram Lodge of Masons. THE ANDERSON JOURNAL. The above newspaper is the successor of the Sun, established in 1875 by Mr. Belcher, and commenced its career in the memorable campaign of 1876, the firm then being Belcher & Earle. Later it was known as Earle & Todd, and for several years A. S. Todd conducted it alone, till the present firm was formed, who have increased its importance till it now exercises influence in this county, where its circulation reaches 625. It is a neatly printed four page sheet, seven columns, 24x36 inches in size, containing a good digest of the latest news and much interesting reading in its columns. The establishment is provided with first- class material in the way of jiresses, type, etc., and four hands are employed. The enterprising owners and editors of this go-ahead journal, Messrs A. S. and R. R. Todd, are natives of Anderson, and take a leading place in the community as use- ful and worthy citizens. The former was local editor of the Nortli-Georgia Citizen, in Dalton ’73 to ’75, and from ’78 to ’82, Journal Clerk of the House of Representatives, and from ’80 to '84, Committee Clerk in Congress, and gain- ing that parliamentary experience fitting him for a Representative to any Legisla- tive body. The latter published from ’72 to ’75 the Pickens Sentinel. He is a Mason, Hiram Lodge, Burning Bush Chapter, Wynn Council, Past Grand Principal Conductor of Works of Grand Council of South Carolina, and Grand Representative of Grand Council of Ohio, in South Carolina Grand Council; also been Worthy Patriarch in the Sons of Temperance Order. GEORGE E. PRINCE, Lawyer. Among the younger members of the bar in this section of the State the above takes a prominent place. He was born in Abbeville county 24th February, 1855, and graduated from Wofford College in 1876. He then became Professor at Wil- liamston Female College. In 1880 he left here and commenced the study of law in Greenville with Wells & Orr and was admitted to the bar in 1881. He then commenced practice in Anderson, and now enjoys no inconsiderable business. 254 City op Anderson. Of the many cases entrusted to his care he has only lost one civil, and has had for such a young practitioner unexam- pled success, lie attends to business with promptness, and gives special atten- tion to making collections. In 1882 he was delegate to the State Convention. Is a K. of H., being Assistant Dictator of the Anderson Lodge. As a thinker he carries weight and possesses a thorough understanding of the requirements of the public. lie is candidate for the Legis- lature this fall. J. S. FOWLER, Sale, Exchange and Livery Stable. Among the concerns in this county we note the above, which since coming into the hands of its present proprietor in 1881, succeeding T. -J. Leak, has been greatly increased in importance. The stable has twenty stalls and the sheds in the rear can accommodate some fifty mules besides cattle. Over four hundred breeding and work stock are handled an- nually and about four hundred beeves, hogs, etc., are shipped to Columbia and Charleston. In the stock of horses are all varieties and the mules are selected from healthy breeds. There are also on hand Columbus buggies. Six stablemen are employed. Mr. Fowler is also owner of the Waverly Hotel, which affords the only accommodation for strangers in town. The building is located in the public square; the dining room, parlor with a good piano, and twenty-two sleep- ing rooms are located on the second floor, and the large number of boarders testifies to its convenience. Mr. J. S. Fowler has these establishments under his per- sonal supervision; he has also in the county three farms of 1,500 acres which he rents out. He is a native of Chero- kee, Ga., and came to Anderson in 1874, and is regarded as one of its enterprising men. FRIERSON & MATTfSON, Attorneys at Law. This young and prosperous firm, es- tablished only some two years ago, is already doing a successful and increas- ing business. The individual members of the firm are Mr. W. II. Frierson and Mr. Jno. S. Mattison. The first is a na- tive of Marion county and educated at Carolina Collegiate Institute, Anderson county. He graduated from Erskine College in 1878 and immediately became Principal of Union Academy and latterly assistant in Carolina Institute. He studied law with John B. Moore of this town and v r as admitted to practice in this State at the May term of Supreme Court in 1883. He is Clerk of the Board of County Commissioners. His partner is a native of Anderson county and was edu- cated in Abbeville and finished at Wof- ford in June, '81. He studied in the office of Scuddy & Simpson and was ad- mitted in December, '82, and ably de- fended Joe Brooks, accused of murder, and got him acquitted on plea of self- defence. He is a Past Worthy Patri- arch of the Sons of Temperance. They are both members of the Democratic Club and active in promoting all mea- sures which tend to advance the public good. ORANGEBURG, S. C Orangeburg, the county seat of Orangeburg, South Carolina, is on the east bank of the north Edisto river, 79 miles from Charleston, on the line of the South Carolina Railway. It is on the same level of elevation as Columbia (52 miles fur- ther 1ST. W. ) above the sea, and has a climate more mild than the Capital city, both in winter and summer. During the heated terms, when the thermometric range marked 93, 95, 97 degrees as reported at Augusta, Ga., Charleston and Greenville, S. C., and 99 and 101 degrees as given at Cincinnati and St. Louis, the range at Orangeburg never passed 91 degrees, and the debilitating and destructive effects of the heat elsewhere caused oppresiveness and withdrawal from exposure here, to se- cure comfort rather than safety from sunstroke. The ranges at and below Zero, so common in Greenville and further north, are not known in Orangeburg. Ice and snow are not novelties, yet the appearance of one or both is occasional, with a short life to either. This mildness of climate may be ascribed to, first a heavy pine tim- bering all the way from the extreme western Barnwell and Lexington boundary; to the railroad cut passing directly through the city and conducting a draught of ocean breeze towards sunset, and to the openness of its settlements, most of which huve large areas of yard enclosures. The winter winds are moderated by the same surroundings which produce shade and coolness in summer. In a word, the opin- ion of those suffering from lung affections is favorable to Orangeburg as a most de- sirable sanitarium, barring the bare objection that as yet no direct effort has been put forth to entertain the invalid in search of health. This suggests a most valuable and lucrative field for some practiced caterer. The oldest inhabitant, (Hon. T. W. Glover) now at the remarkable age of ninety, informed the writer that he had never known of a case of malignant fever originating on the line of the railroad avenue at Orangeburg, and that it were impossible for such to occur, as the railroad cut was a great drain, at once drawing off the fall of water and the atmosphere was purified of any lurking taint by the profuse discharge of smoke from passing trains. Dur- ing the cholera epidemic, and repeated scourges of yellow fever at Savannah, Charleston, Norfolk and Portsmouth an endemic case may have been seen, but no foothold or spread of disease was made. Before railroads were opened up and travel was confined to private equipages, the tourists from Charleston, in order to avoid the swamp miasma and fevers so com- mon to an undrained lowland, sought to gain Orangeburg in a day’s ride between rise and set of sun. To effect this, eight or ten families would station their carriages at intervals between the two points of eight or ten miles apart. By fast driving and change of vehicle at each relay, Orangeburg (distant 70 miles) was gained in the given time. Each set of horses performing not over twenty miles in the distance going and returning. This was repeated until all the tourists had been brought to- gether, then the carriages were assembled and the cavalcade proceeded at leisure to the mountains. Orangeburg was known then as the “first land wave.” General D. J. Jamison alluded to Orangeburg as a resort for health, always basing his opinion on the assertion, “the absence of moss.” So great was the effect made in days of slow stages of travel on the minds of strangers, that the sight of moss gave rise to the remark, “the curtains of death.” The water is from wells averaging 30 256 City op Orangeburg, feet depth. No mineral properties are observed. The population is at the last census 2,350, and gradually increasing. Of this there is a proportion of ^ colored people. The outlets for exports are the South Carolina Railway, which affords two pas- senger trains each daily from and to Charleston, Augusta and Columbia, and two regular freight trains, the Southern Express, the Edisto for raft navigation, and the Santee, (the E boundary line), with its line of steamers, which convey to and from Charleston freights for localities adjacent and such as may be distributed for con- venience by the merchants of Orangeburg among their patrons that way. The nearest approach to the settlement of Orangeburg is fixed at 1735. (See Howe’s History, Chap. II.) “A trader, Henry Sterling, had located and obtained a grant on Lyon’s Creek in 1704, but it was not until 1735 that this portion of the province had any considerable number of whites.” The South Carolina Gazette says: “On Sunday last two hundred Palatines, most of them being poor, were obliged to sell themselves and their children for their passage, (which is six pistoles in gold per head), within a fortnight of the time of their arrival, or else to pay one pistole more to be carried to Philadelphia. The most of them are farmers and some tradesmen. About two hundred and twenty of the Switzers that have paid their passages are now going up the Edisto to settle a township there. The government defrays them on their journey, gives provisions for one year, and fifty acres a head. * * These persons became the first settlers in Orangeburg township, which had been laid out in a parallelogram of fifteen miles by five on the North Edisto, and was called Orangeburg in honor of the Prince of Orange.” The religious views of the settlers are denominated “Calvinists of the Helvetic Confession, and Presby- terian in Church Government.” John Ulrich Giessendanner, the Minister of these settlers, registered marriages, births, deaths and baptisms in German. He died in 1738; his successor and nephew continued to record in German until 1760, after which he united with the Church of England. Mrs. Mary Russell held a grant dated November 13th, 1739, for four hundred and fifty acres of land near Fort Motte. She was the widow of Charles Russell and died in 1754, aged 55 years, having lived twenty-six years in Amelia, in Orangeburg district. This shows that the section between the Edisto and Congaree was being settled simultaneously. The German colony remained and prospered here. The names of the first settlers are perpetuated in a numerous progeny, living to-day and bearing the family names familiar to 1735. The history of this people is allied with religious and civil commotions, har- rassing and trying, yet with the patience of the Protestant German and the forti- tude of the race they are found contending firmly, yet without boastfulness, against encroachments of their liberties. The revolution of the colonies found the German settlers ready to resist tyranny, and all over the district was a changeful camp, while the town was almost during the entire war a garrison for one or the other army. Near the river a fort was main- tained covering the river bridge and the road from the opposite quarter. The can- non then effectively used are now hitching posts at the street corners. Further on in narrative we will particularize some military events in the history of Orangeburg. An account dated at Potsdam, March 18, 1752, says: “The country is 55 miles long and its greatest breadth is 30 miles. * * A line running one mile below the town of Orangeburg separates the rolling from the level lands. * * * Lime is found in various combinations.” The North Edisto with the South Edisto audits tributaries furnish extensive water power for saw and grist mills. “Of the former there were in 1852 52 on the North Edisto and as many on the South, cutting 15,000,000 feet of sawed lumber, worth $200,000. Lime is quarried seven miles east of Orangeburg town. It is used for cement and the making of indigo.” In 1831, by a report made in reply to inquiries from Europe, it was ascertained that 900 acres were planted in indigo, producing 27.000 pounds. Since 1870 the cultivation of indigo has been su- perseded by cotton, the latter paying better per acre and having been found to be less exhaustive to the soil. State of South Cakoliha. 257 THE DRAMA OF HISTORY— VOLUNTEERS IN CIVIL WAR OF 1861-65— INCIDENTS OF THE WAR, A glimpse at the “drama of history” tells of Parker’s death near Orangeburg. After the fall of Charleston in 1780 the country swarmed with cruel, treacherous Tories. Every treaty tending to honorable warfare seemed to be ignored by the British and a horrible partisan struggle went on. Man met man at sword point and pistol muzzle; the quickest escaped. Small detachments depredated and slaugh- tered, and yet bold spirits clung to the distant hope of liberty. Capt. Jacob Rumph, after Gen. Rumph, was in command of a troop of cavalry raised to protect the neighborhood. Capt. R. was a giant in stature and a fearless man. He was re- turning from Charleston with two wagons of produce which were driven by a Dutch- man, one Houselighter, himself being mounted on a stout horse. He was suddenly accosted by three Tories near a large pond. They were all well armed and mounted, as also was the Captain. A short parley took place across the pond, when the To- ries quickly left. The wary Captain felt insecure. He at once divested himself of his outer clothing, left it where it could be seen and entered the deep swamp near by. Here he tethered his horse and by a circuitous way escaped. Meanwhile the three Tories returned with a British troop of twenty men under Lieut. Parker. They found the wagons and poor Houselighter. Capturing this much they sur- rounded the swamp, but to no effect. Capt. Rumph reached home and began to collect his troop. The next day he returned to the scene of his adventure. He was told that the enemy were in camp and unprepared for the attack. He made a sud- den dash and the British fled in consternation. Lieut. Parker, their leader, was singled out by Lieut. Wannamaker of Rumph’s troop. Both were well mounted — both sat a firm saddle. The woods echoed the clatter of hoofs, the crack of the pis- tol, the shout of the pursuers. On dashed Parker, fast followed Wannamaker. Passing under a tree the Englishman looked back. A limb struck him and threw him and saddle to the off side, yet he rode on defiantly. At last the saddle girth parted and Parker’s horse began to flag. “Surrender !” shouted Wannamaker. Parker rode on. “Parker, halt or I’ll kill you,” again called out the American. Parker heeded not, and a pistol bullet buried in his body from Wannamaker’s pis- tol rolled him a corpse on the ground. There still stands the redoubt held by the English in front of the Rebecca Motte mansion, which kept the patriots at bay. There is still to be seen the cannon shots that pierced the Belville mansion. The patriotic lady placed an In- dian’s bow with arrows saturated with turpentine in the hands of the. American officer, with which to set fire to the roof of her house. This done, the English retreated. After the battle of Camden, Lord Rawdon having learned of the cap- ture of the Fort Motte garrison (165 men) by Marion and Lee, and the further disasters in the reductions of Granby, Orangeburg and Augusta by the patriots, in which 1,100 prisoners were taken, moved towards Charleston. Orangeburg then had a short respite of repose only. Rawdon again occupied the post in his conflicts with Gen. Greene. An incident is related of Col. Thompson, of Forte Motte, commanding at the northern end of Sullivan’s Island. He rode all day of the 26th June, from the island to his plantation, about ninety miles, arranged his affairs, returned on the 27th. fought all of the 28th, and seemed to bear his fatigue well. During the civil war, 1861 to 1865, Orangeburg furnished her full quota of volunteers. The names of Glover, Dantzler and Keitt, each a Colonel falling at the front, are luminous with conspicuous heroism. General D. J. Jamison, a noble representative of Southern nurture and chivalry, as also a cultivated writer, died .during the war in bureau service. All over the red fields of Virginia, the rugged hills of the West, and on the coast her thirteen hundred volunteers were in line. During Sherman’s march from Georgia, he was halted at the Edisto for two days by a section of artillery and a few hundred muskets. He crossed and left his foot- prints in a scene of general desolation. The business part of the town was put 258 City of Orangeburg, to the torch. Sherman said: “The owners do not care for the dwellings they desert, I am not anxious to protect them.” All unoccupied dwellings were gutted and destroyed, and in the case of Mrs. I). B. Whaley, (a sister of Col. Keitt,) who refused to give her wines to the Federal soldiers and destroyed the liquor instead, her house was burned while she was an occupant with her helpless children. Mrs. Ilanscome Legare and her sister Mrs. Julia Glover, went from room to room following the incendiaries, who had saturated the bed clothing with kerosene, and this, too, on the same day when all of Mrs. Le- gare’s property, (Mrs. Legare was a refugee at the time,) houses and furniture had been destroyed in another part of the town, as a result of the indiscriminate burning. BISING FROM TIIE ASHES— GREAT FIRE— MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT —BUSINESS. At the close of the war Orangeburg made a fortunate start again for life. The railroad was intact, within a few miles of the town, affording connection with Charleston. The entire line of railroad from the point where Sherman crossed above to Columbia, and above Columbia towards Newberry, was torn up or so destroyed in sections that transportation was forced upon wagon teams. The .en- gines had been damaged or worn out and needed repairs. The world was starving for cotton, and high prices were offered for the rescued stock in the South. The impoverished condition of the people forced them to put what cotton they had on the market. For the space of three months a continuous train of cotton wagons rolled into Orangeburg, where gold was exchanged for the staple. These wagons were re-filled with merchandise and sent back to the upper counties. A pile of cotton bales covering about three square acres awaited moving. Old army ambulances and faded army horses were put in service for stage lines. Comfort was a secondary consider- ation. A gap of devastated country lay between Orangeburg and the G. & C. R. R. section. War had ceased. Trade was resuming its clamorous hum, and with re- newed energy, every substitute, no matter how poor, was seized to bridge difficulties. The rude means available were set up like fury masts upon a dismasted ship. It was no rare sight to see a one-armed or one-legged ex-Confederate in ragged gray uniform, playing Jehu to travelers. The pauper gentleman made light of his mis- fortunes as he earned his bread by hard labor. The impetus given to trade rebuilt several stores in town, and when the railroad finished its track to Columbia, Orange- burg was left rehabilitated and self-sustaining. A disastrous fire in 1875 destroyed 8125,000 worth of property. The frame structures were replaced by brick. Since which the fire department has been re- organized and is now composed of one steamer, one hand engine, and one first-class truck. Cisterns are judiciously placed for water supply. The incorporation of 1884 vests the government in a Mayor and Board of Aldermen. The Mayor has judicial powers to try all violations of city ordinances. The charter forbids the issuing of bonds or borrowing moneys for city purposes. There are between forty and fifty store buildings, in most part occupied, and the commercial credit of its merchants rates well. The firm of Bull & Scoville, general dealers and bankers, has existed with the same executive head for thirty years, and commands a credit estimated at 8200,000. Mr. Geo. H. Carnelson has been in business here since 1865, and handles more goods than any other house. He is rated to be worth 8150.000. Rents vary from twelve to fifty dollars per month for stores. The style of dwellings is above the usual class found in interior towns. Small cottage built houses are to be had at from ten to fifteen dollars. The annual sales of groceries may be put at 8175,000; fertilizers, 875,000; cotton, 8600,000; (of 14,000 bales bought, 11.000 bales are shipped, the remainder, 3,000 bales, is used in the factory.) The staple of cotton grades middling. Liverpool class. Sales of boots and shoes. 810.000: hard- ware, 835,000; dry goods, 8160,000: clothing. 828,000: drugs and medicines, paints and oils, 825,000; carriages, buggies and wagons, 815,000. To this may be added the sales of horses and mules, which will reach 820,000, making an aggregate busi- State of South OAROthtfA. 25§ ness for the city of $1,043,000. The sales of spirituous liquors was stopped on De- cember 31st, 1884, by a popular vote provided for by State statute. An attempt to re-open this trade will be made with expiration of present prohibition. The census of Orangeburg town in 18G6 was between 900 and- 1,000. The latest census, as previously stated, shows an increase in eighteen years of about 240 per cent. The population is mostly engaged in merchandising, except the negroes, who follow trades and labor. The voters are 4 white, 4 colored. There are here located three private Academies, with some 200 scholars. There is one public school for white children with 60 scholars, one for colored children with 100 scholars. The “Claflin Univer- sity and State Agricultural and Mechanical College,” is located here. The State of South Carolina furnishes annually $5,500 for its support, and it is acknowledged to be the best colored training school south of Oberlin. In addi- tion to this it is endowed by the “Slater Fund,” to assist its mechanical clepart- ment. The negroes have also four neat church buildings, and have recently put up a 2-story building, at a cost of about $1,000, for a graded school. The whites have church edifices for the Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Methodists, Lutherans, and Baptists. The courthouse is a handsome building of red brick and metal roof. It cost $35,000, and was erected to replace the courthouse destroyed by Sherman. The town is supplied with the telephone, and its streets lit with kerosene post lanterns. The area of the county is about 1,100 square miles, or 650,000 acres, f of which is under cultivation, the remainder is in forest and swamp. The surface is undu- lating. In the St. Matthew’s section it becomes hilly and there is a rich red clay soil of most remarkable fertility for cotton and grain. These clay lands are not easily had at prices less than $30 per acre. Other lands value at from $6 to $20. The negroes rent them eagerly, being sure of a good support, even with their slovenly style of tillage. The crops are mainly cotton, next corn, oats, peas, potatoes, rye and turnips. There is no month in the year in which some plant- ing cannot be done. The forest trees are pine, oak, hickory, elm, walnut, ma- ple, cedar, poplar, cypress, dogwood, locust, ash, etc., etc. The river fish are of superior quality, and ponds are numerous in which carp are being success- fully bred. The average harvest of cotton is 700 lbs. in seed per acre, 20 bushels of corn, 15 of wheat, 25 of oats, 15 of rye, 100 of Irish, and from 100 to 400 of sweet potatoes. Bice is cultivated where lowlands permit. The rates of taxation are for State and city not exceeding 18 mills; i. e., State and county 12 mills, city tax 6 mills. This tax covers the back indebtedness (Badical stealage), poor fund, school appropriation, and for executive, legislative, judicial, penal and charitable funds. This tax is collected in two instalments if so de- sired. The crop of cotton of Orangeburg county is estimated for 1884 at 28,000 bales, worth over $1,000,000; the rosin and turpentine exports are estimated at $65,000; the rice crop at $30,000; the lumber business at $75,000. Corn, fodder, peas and wheat are grown only for home consumption. The crop of oats for 1884 will be sold (after supplying home demand) at $5,000. The county is abundantly supplied with water power. The assessed value of property is about -f its held value. That is, an owner may rate his property at 100 and assess it at 75. The equity of this is, in the fact, that farm property is worth at least this difference to- the owner above, the value that a casual purchaser might jray for it as an investment. The prices of town lots average, say, $400 per acre. On the business centre lots bring handsome prices as high as $65 to $70 per running foot. There is a constant tendency to improved implements of agriculture. The introduction of steam for farm work is largely in- creasing. The whistle of a score of engines may be heard of a calm morning' in any direction. It has been suggested repeatedly that a bank at Orangeburg would be both profi- table and convenient. On this subject there is much doubt. The convenience is beyond question, the profit rather doubtful. A bank to be profitable must have a 260 City of Orangeburg. large deposit account and a field for safe loans. The business here will not admit of a deposit account sufficiently large to do a profitable discount business. There is a small margin for exchange only, and with the facilities of express and postal orders even this is a mere item. In giving a general sketch of a county so large and a city so promising, the question is asked again, “What would develop your city more and help your county?” It may safely be answered, hold its trade against its being cap- tured by other places. To do this we want a branch road running towards the San- tee river east and a fork running towards the Congaree north. This road would in- tervene between the Santee river and stop a volume of trade worth at least §200,000 from going to Charleston. The distance is so great from the eastern part of the county that the planters are forced to ship cotton by steamer to Charleston, whereas a branch road would bring the planters and his crops to Orangeburg, where lie could trade -and return home on the same day; now he waits often ten days for his return sales of crops. The cost of this branch road would not exceed §1,550 per mile for 25 miles, say §23,250. There is little grading or trestling to be done. One small engine, one coach and two box cars would be equipment sufficient to run the enter- prise. It would largely sustain itself, and would at once add 20 per cent, to the business and to the values of real estate.. The S. ('. Railway Company in order to control the Santee cotton trade would subscribe rails and labor to forward the work. Other enterprises await the power of capital. Experience and money can find a field here as fields are elsewhere found. Our woods are ready for the axe and turn- ing lathe; our water streams flow idly inviting the turbine wheel. What is needed is surplus money. It is not here. A people recovering as these have done in nine- teen years from a war that left its people utterly bankrupt, have accomplished ail that was to be expected in being to-day so prosperous and self sustaining. The county contains four principal towns, viz: Orangeburg (the county seat), population 2,350; Forte Motte, population 130: Bianch ville, population 575, and St. Matthews with a population of 300. The census of 1870 showed a county popu- lation of 24,896, that of 1880 showed a population of 41,395. The population at this writing (1884, September,) is put at 43,700 for the county. REPRESENTATIVE HOUSES AND PROMINENT MEN — op — ORANGEBURG, S. C. HON. GEO. W. BRUNSON, Mayor. Was born in Colleton, February 26, 1847, was raised in Beaufort, and at the age of 16 joined the Beaufort Artillery, commanded by Captain Stephen Elliott — afterward Brigadier-General— attached to Rhett’s Battalion. He was engaged mostly in his native State, was once ca}> tured and recaptured from the enemy, and when peace came he settled in Greenville and was many years salesman with Ferguson & Miller. In ? 73 he came to Orangeburg and entered the house of Geo. H. Cornelson, as salesman; he was soon promoted to the post of bookkeeper which post he was in seven years. He is now looking after the interests generally of this large and flourishing establishment having in its employ over 200 hands ex- emplifying in this charge mature busi- ness tact and sagacity. In politics Mr. Brunson has always taken a leading part. He was Vice-President of the Demo- cratic club, and at various times delegate to county conventions, and to the State military convention of June, ’83. He was elected Alderman in '81, and at the expiration of his term, was on Septem- ber 11, ’83, elected Mayor. He has reached in this capacity the most salient expectations. By a popular \ole the prohibition bill was passed in January, -'84 and this he is rigidly enforcing car- rying out the wishes of his constituency. He is Captain of the Edisto Rifles, is a Mason, King of the Eureka Chapter, member of Shibboleth Lodge, and also a Trustee of the K. of H. Personally he is possessed of those qualities which make and attach friends, and is emi- nently fitted for this the most responsible trust the citizens of Orangeburg can accord. GEO. H CORNELSON, Gene ral Merchant and Proprietor of the Orange Cotton Mill. It is a matter for congratulation, that while the South becomes more a manu- facturing country, she possesses men ca- pable of carrying on large undertakings, for it is only upon an extensive scale that the transforming of that staple product of her soil — raw cotton — into more mar- 266 City of OrangebuEG, ketable commodities, can be profitably attained. Such an one in our State is Mr. Geo. H. Cornelson, of Orangeburg. The mercantile branch of his well known establishment was opened immediately after the war, the name then being Cor- nelson, Cramer & Miller; afterwards Mr. Miller, and later Mr. Cramer retired, leaving the senior partner sole owner. The store which was burned to the ground and re-erected in 1875, is a hand- some brick structure, with a large dou- ble front on Russell street, about 150 feet in depth. It is a central business mart in the city, and is stocked with a full line of general merchandise, including everything in the line of general hard- ware, the most improved agricultural implements and their fittings, every va- riety of tinware, foreign and domestic dry goods, all styles in clothing, boots, shoes, hats and caps, and a select stock of staple groceries. The goods are most- ly obtained direct from the makers, and will amount in value to over $40,000. The store is conveniently adapted to the requirements of the large trade necessi- tating the employment of ten competent salesmen and two office clerks; at the head of the store is Mr. W. A. Metts, late of Yorkville. Mr. Cornelson is also agent for all kinds of guanos and fertilizers. The Orange Cotton Mill, covering some tlii’ee acres of ground in the rear of the store, was started in 1882, on a capital of $125,000, solely owned by Mr. Cornelson. The mill consumes about 50 bales of cotton weekly, and turns out in the same time, 20,000 pounds yarn and various thicknesses of twine, which are principally sold, and have gained a rep- utation for superior quality in the mar- kets of the North and West. The fac- tory was first started with 1,200 spindles, which number has lately been increased to 4,200; it gives employment to over one hundred operators. Following the raw cotton from the warehouses, which have a storage capacity of 3,000 bales, we enter the room where the staple is prepared by four lappers for the carding machines, 50 in all. Next come seven railway heads, five sections and joins, eleven speeders, twenty spinning frames, six pullers, eleven twisters and finally, the finished twine is wound off on twelve § reels. It is in the last room wound into balls and made into forms suitable for freighting; here is also a press, by the use of which expense is greatly saved in carriage. The machinery is the latest pattern, and the engine employed as driving power, is 150 horse, made by Wright, of Newburg, N. Y. The entire mill is lit by elecricitv, the light machine being a 100 incandescent maxim. In the yard an artesian well, six inches in bore, is being sunk — it is over 300 feet down, and will supply the whole town. The manufacturing branch has been for two years managed by Mr. W.Y. Rounds, of New York. Mr. Cornelson is a native of Hanover, and came to the United States in 1864. In the following year he came South and was immediately chosen Mayor of the town, and was afterwards Alderman; from 1866 to 1870, he was United States Commissioner. Apart from his becom- ing the most enterprising capitalist in our midst, he has at all times taken an active part in measures introduced for the public interest. Personally, he is very popular, and is at all times ready to assist those who may call upon him for sustenance, and to aid disinterestedly all who may seek his advice. BULL & SCOVILL, General Merchants and Insurance Agents, Cotton and Fertilizers. * By a careful examination of the com- mercial facilities enjoyed in the several sections of this State, we find that the house of Messrs. Bull & Scovill is en- titled to a place in the front rank. The most solid house in Orangeburg county, it has for now, going on to a half cen- tury, exercised a salutary influence upon local trade and industry. The firm was established in 1842, as "Case, Bull & C'o., in 1857 the name was changed to Bull, Scovill & Co., in 1865 it became known as Bull, Scovill & Pike, and in ’76 the final change was made to the present style of Bull & Scovill, a name not only familiar to the residents of this and neighboring counties, but well known throughout South Carolina and adjoin- ing States, as well as the principal centres of the North and West. The house was formerly situated in the State of South Carolina. 267 lower part of the town, and since the war has occupied its present premises, 80 feet by 250 in extent on the corner of Russel and Courthouse Square. The main store is a substantial two-story frame structure, 30 feet by 80, the rest of the ground being covered with com- modious cotton and guano storage sheds, stables, etc. This house first conducts a general business in merchandise, their stock in this line averaging some $30,000 in value, embracing the multitude of articles known under the comprehensive heads of groceries, dry goods, fancy goods, tinware and hardware, crockery and glassware, agricultural implements, and farmers’ supplies generally. In fact, there is nothing in the wide domain of merchandise that cannot be obtained here at market prices, and this fact be- comes apparant to any one visiting the house, which is a central mart for trade in the town. As cotton merchants, a branch of business commenced by them in 1857, they make liberal advances on liens to farmers mostly in this county, and handle from 4,000 to 6,000 bales ac- cording to the season. Standard ferti- lizers and guanos they have dealt in since 1866, their trade in this direction reach- ing some 1,200 tons annually. They likewise transact a large collection busi- ness and the first fire and life insurance agents started in the county; they repre- sent the New York Underwriters Agen- cy, the Germania, (Fire), of New York, and the Hartford Fire Insurance Com- pany, Hartford, Connecticut. The firm has been entirely successful in acquiring the confidence of a large number of cus- tomers, in the various lines of business they follow, and we only reflect the pub- lic sentiment in saying, whoever may form relations with them will realize and appreciate the strict integrity, correct business methods and quomptness, which characterize them in all their transac- tions. Socially, Mr. M. A. Bull and Mr. W. N. Scovill, are also popular. The former is a native of Connecticut and came South in 1842. He was unani- mously elected by colored and white, In- tendant of his adopted town in the mili- tary regime after the war, and having greatly succeeded in reducing order out of chaos was re-elected to the position. During his reign Orangeburg became an incorporated city, receiving its charter May 31, 1871. Mr. Scovill is a native of New York, and came South to Orange- burg in ’51. He was four years in the house of S. Beach, and three years with Case, Bull & Co., and in ’58 became partner in the firm. In the 2d South Carolina Artillery he served the Confed- eracy twelve months. The business gives employment to ten obliging assistants and two wagons are used for county trade. DR. J. G. WANNAMAKER, Druggist and Pharmacist, Russell Street. A well conducted establishment for the sale of medicines and drugs, and the compounding of physicians’ and family prescriptions, such as that of Dr. J. G. Wannamaker, is invaluable to a commun- ity. The business was started 25th April, 1874, as J. G. Wannamaker & Co., E. J. Oli veras, Dr. W.’s preceptor being the partner. This gentleman, much respected in the community, met his death the next year by a fall from the roof of his residence — now occupied by Congressman Dibble — after it had been gutted by fire. On 19th June, ’75. Dr. Wannamaker, now alone, moved to a site opposite his present one, and this year he erected the handsome brick structure, 20x85 feet, he now occupies. It is fitted in most modern style, elegant show cases, soda founts, etc., and has a well appointed laboratory. The stock contains a full line of strictly pure drugs and chemicals, druggists’ sundries, perfumery, toilet articles, etc., and all standard proprietary medicines. The Doctor is a native of Orangeburg, and received his license from the State in 1872 and in March, ’74, graduated M.D. from the Charleston Medical College. He manufactures German cologne and a 268 City of Orangeburg, a camomile tonic which have a standard reputation. Occupying a prominent position in the trade, and highly regarded by a large circle of patrons, Dr. Wannamaker well deserves the high standing he holds. BANKS & SMITH, Rice Mills. Among the rice mills of South Caro- lina that of Messrs. Banks & Smith of Orangeburg holds a prominent place. The present firm have been carrying on the establishment since 12th Decem- ber, 81, when they succeeded J. Strauss & Co. The mill, a two and a half story frame building, 50x50 feet, has a daily capacity of twenty barrels. It is provided with six powerful Brother- hood’s pestles and two Mclnlay’s, besides the other machinery used in the milling of rice, the whole driven by a 45-horse power engine. The total ground cov- ered is some 125x135 feet, there being a number of storehouses and sheds ar- ranged for the expeditious manipulation of large quantities of rice, the firm pass- ing through their mill in an average sea- son about 3,000 barrels. Twelve to thir- teen workmen are employed and two wagons are kept in constant use. The firm are also extensive dealers in Caro- lina rice, and their trade, yearly increas- ing, extends throughout South and North Carolina. They pay the highest market prices for rough rice and offer clean grain any grade, any quantity, at prices which defy competition. The members of this firm, Mr. Hugh R. Banks and Mr. T. Ogier Smith, are both native Charlestonians. The first was en- gaged as Quartermaster in the Confede- rate service. Mr. Smith was formerly about thirteen years with the S. C. R. R., and just before coming here Mr. Banks was also with the same railroad. They occupy a leading position in mer- cantile life, and Mr. Banks is Vice-Presi- dent of the Orangeburg Fire Engine Company and Mr. Smith Engineer to the same. HENRY KOHN, Dry Goods, Clothing, Shoes, Etc. This store was opened by its enterpris- ing owner in 1878, ranks as one of the leading in its line in town. The prem- ises, 28 feet by 80, centrally located on Russell Street, are well adapted for the business. The stock, averaging from $15,000 to $20,000, embraces everything in the way of foreign and domestic dry goods, dress stuffs, including fine silks, velvets and brocades, to material of com- mon and medium grades; notions, trim- mings and fancy articles, gloves, hosiery, shawls, table linen, etc. Also ready- made clothing for gents’ and boys’ wear, at all prices; shoes in the most fashion- able styles, suitable for ladies’, men’s and children’s feet. Mr. Kohn also deals extensively in sewing machine s. his spe- cialty in this direction being the The best proof of its unparalleled success is, that in four years over 300 have been sold by him, not a single complaint, and all give perfect satisfaction. He is agent for But- terick’s well known metropolitan pat- terns. There are employed in connec- tion with the store, ten obliging assist- ants. The proprietor is a native of Orangeburg, and favorably known as a reliable merchant, not only of this, but in adjacent counties, where his trade ex- tends. He is President of the Steam Fire Company, is Dictator of the K. of Hon- or, and is Secretary of the Masonic Lodge, Shibboleth, and is generally popular. State oe South Carolina. 269 CEN. JAS. F. IZLAR. Space must be devoted to a career momentous as that of a soldier, a poli- tician, and a lawyer. General izlar was born in Orangeburg county, November 25, 1832, and received the best literary education the schools of the country could afford. He graduated from Emory Col- lege, Georgia, in 1855, first honor in a class of some 21 graduates. He studied law with Colonel T. J. Glover, in Orangeburg, and was admitted at a gen- eral term examination at Columbia in 1857, and in 1858 to the Courts of Equity. Later to the United States District and Circuit, and Supreme Court of this State, and he also practices in the Cir- cuit Courts of Georgia. His eminent success as a lawyer and the immense business he transacts, is the best proof of his entire fitness and adaptability to this the most important calling of a civil- ized people. Among the many cases lie has conducted we may mention that of Reickenbacker vs. Zimmerman, hang- ing upon some ticklish points of life insurance law. On the outbreak of hostilities in 1861, the General was among the first who re- sponded to his country’s call, to defend in the field the cause outvoted at the ballot box. He entered as Lieutenant the first company of volunteers from this county, in the 1st South Carolina (Hagood’s) Regiment. He afterwards became Captain of the Edisto Rifles, serving three years in the 25th South Carolina, commanded by Col. Simonton. Located in North Virginia and in South and North Carolina, he took part at Secessionville, Drury’s Bluff, Weldon Railroad, Second Cold Harbor, Walthal Junction, Petersburg, and latterly, in defence of the coast, being in Battery Wagner on the night of its evacuation, and also in Fort Sumter. He was cap- tured at Fort Fischer, North Carolina, when it was taken by the combined at- tack of land and naval forces on the 15th of January, ’65. He was for six months imprisoned on Governor’s Island, New York, and returning home practiced law till 1876 in copartnership with Samuel, now Congressman Dibble, and since that, alone. He now holds the rank of Major- General in the State troops. In the political arena he has held many important trusts, and has shown great executive ability in organizing and car- rying out the plans of the Democracy. He has been an influential member of the State Democratic Executive Com- mittee since the war, was several years during Radical rule chairman of the county committee, and now as head of the State Executive Committee has reached the zenith of political fame in his native State, and has successfully conducted his party through two cam- paigns which have established it in al- most entire control of National, State, county and municipal government in South Carolina. In the fall of ’80, after a severe campaign, he was elected State Senator from Orangeburg county, and as member of the Judiciary Committee took an active part in the doings of the Senate. Earlier in life the General was Mayor of Orangeburg. In the Masonic Order he is also a prominent figure, and was in 1881 Grand Master of the State. In these many high trusts General Izlar has always had nearest his heart his constit- uents interests, spending his time in de- vising how he can best benefit others. At home he is exceedingly popular and enjoys the full confidence of both races in this county. He married in 1859 Miss Loval, of Charleston, by whom he has had ten children, three sons and four daughters living. MORTIMER CLOVER, Counsellor at Law. Was born in Orangeburg, 22nd August, 1838, educated at Mt. Zion College, Winnsboro, pursued his studies at South Carolina College, graduating from there with distinction in 1858, in a class of 44 graduates. He then studied law with his brother, Col. Tlios, J. Glover, and, was admitted 27th November, 1860. On the outbreak of hostilities he joined the Edisto Rifles, and on 21st January, ’61, was appointed on the staff of Gov. F. W. Pickens, with the rank of Lieuten- ant-Colonel, and in the same year was temporarily transferred to the staff of Gen. G. 1'. Beauregard, then in com- mand of the forces in and around Charleston, assisting in the capture of Fort Sumter. He was later promoted 270 City of Orangeburg, to Adjutant 1st South Carolina Volun- teers, and on 17th June, 63, was made Captain in the Confederate Army, serv- ing in this position till the close of the war. During ’67 and ’68 he was Dis- trict Attorney in the Orangeburg District Court. In ’76 and ’7 he was President of the Orangeburg Courthouse Democratic Club, the largest Democratic political organization in the county, and took an active part in the Hampton campaign. He has been for a number of years chair- man of the Board of Trustees of Orange- burg Presbyterian Church Society. He assisted in organizing, and was first President in 1876 of the Y. M. C. A., in this city. He was counsel for the S. C. R. R. Co. at Orangeburg from 1866 to 1878, when the road passed into the hands of a Receiver. Standing well in his profession, Mr. Glover also occupies a high social posi- tion and enjoys the esteem of a large circle of friends throughout the State. BRUNSON & DIBBLE, Dealers in Dry Goo s. Clothing, Boots, Shoes and Hats. In Orangeburg there are several large dry goods stores, and prominent among them we note the firm of Brunson & Dibble, who started business on the 1st September, ’81, since when they have had an increasing patronage from the public of this and adjacent counties of Colleton, Lexington and Barnwell. The premises on the corner of Russell Street, adjoining the Postoffice and Courthouse, are 28x60 feet. The stock embraces dry goods, dress and fancy goods, silks, cas- simeres, etc. In clothing they keep gents’, youths’ and boys’ ready-made suits in latest styles. In boots and shoes they have all varieties and sizes for ladies’ and gents’ wear from the best New England mills, and the latest novelties in hats and caps. The firm makes a specialty of the Heiser hand-sewn shoes for gentlemen, also the Tampico and Dermatoid corsets. The business necessitates the employ- ment of two competent clerks. The pro- prietors, Messrs. J. M. Brunson and E. C. Dibble are natives of Orangeburg, are members of the Steam Fire Engine Com- pany, and generally valuable citizens. E. F. SLATER, Sale Stable. The most useful domestic animal is the horse, a fact which becomes more appa- rent in visiting country districts and farming lands. This line of business is represented in Orangeburg by Mr. E. F. Slater, located on Russell Street. This house was started 11 years ago as Bam- berg & Slater, which firm existing one year, the latter gentleman has since con- ducted a prosperous business alone. The premises are built expressly for the busi- ness, and are arranged with the view of giving comfort to the stock. This, ac- cording to the season, will run from 25 to 100 head of horses and mules, consist- ing of fine saddle and trotting horses, good farming and work stock, and plenty of strong mules. The stable can accom- modate 140 head, and is at all times a central point for any desiring good stock. Mr. Slater is a thorough judge of horse flesh, and less experienced parties can rely on his judgment when buying. His business is one of the largest in the State, and extends over Lexington, Aiken, Col- leton, Charleston and Orangeburg coun- ties, where he has three men traveling in his interest. He employs at home three stablemen. He also keeps a stock of new buggies, of best Ohio makes for sale, and some for hire. Mr. Slater, who is a na- tive of Barnwell county, and is a mem- ber of the Orangeburg Lodge of Odd Fellows. ROBERT COPES, General Commission Merchant and Dealer in Fertilizers and Farm- ing Implements. This gentleman, than whom there is no stricter or more reliable business man in this county, established himself in his present line some three years ago, on the corner of Russell St., and courthouse square. On January, ’84 he opened in his present premises, located near the top of Russell St., 20x55 feet. Here he carries a large stock of buggies, carriages, wagons, agricultural implements and farmers' sup- plies generally, of the best makers, in fertilizers Mr. Copes is sole agent in this county for Stono brands of Charleston, Frank Coe’s of N. Y., ammoniated bone State oe South Carolina. superphosphate and Merryman & Co’s., of Baltimore, famous ammoniated dis- solved bone. He has extensive transac- tions in the lower counties of the State, where the farmers find what he sells is always up to sample, efficacious in their action and easily worked. He represents Skinner & Wood’s, Erie, Pa., engines, and the Eclipse cotton planter. Mr. Copes was born in Charleston, and as a member of Parkers’ Light Artillery did creditable service on the coast, in Bat- tery Wagner and on James Island in the late war. He came to Orangeburg in ’69 and was seven years book-keeper in G. H. Cornelson’s store. Appointed County Treasurer by Hampton in ’76, he ably discharged the duties of that position three successive terms. In January, ’82, he resigned, was elected Alderman to fill a vacancy in January, ’84, and now con- tinues the prosecution of his business, with an energy only equalled by his suc- cess. KIRK, ROBINSON & BRO., Insurance Agents. The business of insurance is promi- nently represented in Orangeburg by the above well known gentleman, the only one here devoting his entire attention to this line. Mr. Robinson started over ten years ago and then represented the Liv- erpool, London & Globe, the largest company in the wox*ld. A year later he took up the Geergia Home, and after- wards Continental of New York with as- sets 14,867,942 and capital $1,000,000. He insures all kinds of property including gin risks and pays all losses promptly, The office, which is a new brick structure, is nicely furnished, and located on Russell Street. He employs one clerk, and also does considerable business as collection agent and exchange broker, discounting foreign and American coin and rrotes. He is a native of Orangeburg county, and will be found willing and able to satisfy all inquirers made by callers at his office. In 1875 and ’76 he was Clerk of Council. He employs his brother Jude, experienced in the business, as can- vasser for the Continental in the county, and does a growing business on the popu- lar farm policy instalment plan. 271 B. B. OWEN, Dry Goods, Groceries, Boots and Shoes, Hats, Etc., Russell St. Among the young and growing estab- lishments of this county that of Mr. B. B. Owen deserves prominent mention. This house was opened in 1881 as Owen & Co., Mr. D. Lewis being the senior partner. On 2d February of this year Mr. Owen purchased the sole interest. He has now replaced the old goods by a splendid new fall stock, containing the finest foreign and domestic dry goods, silks, satins, eassimeres, brocades, shawls, suits, cloaks, etc., for ladies and child- ren’s wear, groceries, teas, coffees, sugars, spices and canned goods, boots and shoes direct from the leading factories, latest styles in New York hats and caps, and a full line of general merchandise, prob- ably amounting to $5,000 or $6,000 in value. The store, 20x50 feet, is cen- trally located on Russell Street. The business carried on on strictly cash prin- ciples gives employment to several oblig- ing assistants. Mr. Owen is a native of Oraugeburg and is too well known as a trustworthy and reliable merchant to re- quire comment. J. A. INABINET, General Merchandise. Prominent among the mercantile estab- lishments of this county is that of Mr. Inabinet, who has been long known in this section as a reliable merchant. The business was started as Inabinet & Smoak in 1874 at Graham’s Turnout and was moved to Orangeburg in ’76, where the firm bought considerable property and established two stores, one run under the name of Inabinet & Smoak and the other under that of D. E. Smoak & Co. This continued till May, ’83, when the firm 272 City of Orangeburg, dissolved. Mr. Inabinet has since August carried on business alone. On Russell Street lie occupies a spacious store, 22x55 feet. The stock, about 4,000 in value, embraces staple and fancy groceries, for- eign and domestic dry goods, and a com- plete equipment of tinware, hardware and agricultural implements. The trade ex- tends throughout this and neighboring counties. Patrons never fail to return, and are made permanent customers of. PATRICK DOYLE, Carriage Maker, General Black- smith and Carpenter. It was reserved for this century and American genius to heighten the art of building carriages and wagons. This business was established in 1855, as Ray Bros. & Co., which continued till the war. After that it ran for one year as Ray & Bro., since when its present pro- prietor has been the owner and has established a standing for producing durable work of fine style and quality. The plant covers an area of about 150 feet square, the main building being a two story frame structure, 30x70 feet, having on the first iloor the wood shop, and upstairs the painting and trimming departments, the buggy room is also on the ground floor of this building. In another part of the yard is the black- smith’s shop, 30x70 feet, while still fur- ther on is the wagon show room, where some 40 vehicles are on hand, 12 compe- tent workmen are employed and jobbing and repairing is well and promptly done. The material is selected by the proprie- tor, who personally attends to all orders. The goods are in demand over the lower counties of this State. Mr. Doyle was born in Mott St.., blew York, and came South in 1854,- and was in Hagood’s Brigade. He is a large real estate holder, and grows on his farm the finest oats in the county. C. P. BRUNSON, Grocer. This gentleman, who only established business in October, 1883, has already succeeded in building up no inconsidera- ble trade. The premises, located on Rus- sell Street, 25x65 feet, enjoy a constant influx and eflux of customers, and is one of the busiest stores in town. The stock of groceries includes fresh China and Japan teas, Java and Mocha coffees, East India spices, standard grades of New Orleans sugars and molasses, but- ter and cheese, flour, canned meats and fruits, and table delicacies, vegeta- bles, etc. No adulterated goods are al- lowed into the stock, and three compe- tent hands and a wagon are employed. Mr. Brunson is a native of Beaufort, and came to Orangeburg in 1872. He Avas for many years in the leading dry goods store of the town Henry Kohn’s, leaving it to commence for himself, and has been more than measurably success- ful. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge, Shibboleth. WILLIAM WILLCOCK, Tin and Stoa'e Dealer. One the most useful trades is that of tinsmithing, which line is represented in Orangeburg by Mr. W. Willcock, avIio has conducted a prosperous business here since 1858. He is a practical tvorkman and thoroughly understands every branch of the trade, and deservedly is largely pat- ronized. He employs t\A'o hands, avIio as- sist in tinning roofs, plumbing, etc., Avork being done Avith promptness and efficacy. In the store, 30x45 feet, on Russell St., tinware, stoA’es and other domestic and household goods are kept. Mr. Willcock was born in Canada, came to the United States when only 17 years old. and to the South in ’58. On the breaking out of the AA-ar he joined the 2d South Carolina Artillery, serving on James Island. He was afterwards detailed to the medical department, and was located in Columbia. He was an Alderman of this city in 1872 and '73. He Avas instrumental in council in having the first road built, running parallel with Main Street of the town, and thus in wet weather there is a dry way to reach the depot by. He Avas for 14 years a mem- ber of the fire department. THEODORE KOHN, Fashionable Dry Goods Emporium, Russell Street. Mr. Theodore Kohn’s fashionable dry goods emporium, a leading one in the State of South Carolina. 273 county, is located on Bussell Street, the premises occupied 28 feet by 100, and being well adapted to business. The stock, averaging $20,000 to $25,000, con- tains foreign and domestic dry goods, millinery, carpets, cloaks, silks, fancy dress goods, hosiery, toys and holiday ar- ticles in season. The class of goods is of the best description, and parties purchas- ing will find the best value given for the money expended. Mr. Kohn is agent for Mine. Demorest’s patterns, of which he keeps a complete catalogue, sent free on application; patterns post free on receipt of price, and for the Domestic sewing machine. There are employed from six to eight poolite assistants. This enter- prise was established in 1870 higher up on the same street bv its owner, who in ’74 moved to this location; a year la- ter he was burnt out, but immediately erected this handsome brick store. Mr. Kohn is a native of Bavaria and came to the United States in 1850 and five years later to Orangeburg. He was elected Alderman in September, ’83, and fills the position of Assistant Chief of the Fire Department. F. BE SVJARS, Groceries, Tobacco and Cigars. This prosperous establishment was started in the fall of 1877. Mr. Mars opened next door to his present store, moving into the premises he now occu- pies, 30x70 feet, in the summer of 1878. His stock, averaging from $5,000 to $7,- 000, contains staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, sugars, spices, canned goods, meats, flour, cheese, butter, vege- tables, etc., and a fine assortmont of best brands of American and foreign tobaccos and cigars. The trade necessitates the assistance of two hands and a wagon de- livering to the many patrons. Mr. Mars was born in St. Lawrence county, N. Y. ; he entered the Fifty-Fourth New York Begiment, and served as Lieut, in Com- pany C, Gilmore’s Division in Virginia, being at Gettysburg, Ohancellorsville, etc., and on the coast in South Carolina. He was mustered out in Charleston, and came to settle in Orangeburg. Succeeding the war he was United States Deputy Marshal one year, and in 1867 was State census taker for Orangeburg county, and held the same position in 1875. In 1868 he was elected State Legislator from this county. In I860 he was appointed Post- master, filling this trust till 1873. He is a Past Dictator of the K. of FL, and a member of the Grand Lodge, Protector of the K. and L. of H., belongs to the K. of P., and as an Odd Fellow, was in 1880-1-2, Grand Secretary for this State. ANDREW C. DIBBLE, Attorney and Counsellor at Law. Mr. Dibble of the well known Orange- burg family, was born in Charleston, August 13, 1849. He was educated in the schools there and afterwards in Orangeburg county. He commenced the study of law in 1868 with Izlar & Dibble, and on February 21, ’71, was admitted. He was admitted to practice in 1874 to the Supreme Court. He first practiced several years in Bamberg, Barnwell county, in copartnership with L. T. Izlar, and in April, ’80, came to Orange- burg where he has since conducted a growing business. He has been several times delegate to Barnwell and Orange- burg conventions, is a member of the Masonic Lodge, Shibboleth, and also has been for two years Grand Worthy Patriarch in the Sons of Temperance, one of the most rapidly growing organi- zations in the country, is also member of Board of Examiners for Orangeburg county. THE TIMES AND DEMOCRAT, J. L. Sims, Editor and Proprietor. One of the leading papers devoted to the true interest of this State is the suc- cessor of two papers, the Times and the Democrat, the first established in 1869 and the latter by Mr. Sims in 1878, and was formed by their consolidation in 1881 with Messrs. Sims & Mellichamp as editors and proprietors, which partner- ship lasted till February, ’84, when Mr. Sims became sole proprietor by purchas- ing the entire business. It is a large four page sheet, 26x46, appears every Thurs- day morning, and reflects great credit upon the publisher. The circulation now reaches 1,200, and gives to the people of this county the latest information at 274 City of Oran&eburo, rates so low as $1.50 per annum, 75 cents a half year or 40 cents per quarter. The establishment, which gives employ- ment to three workmen, is divided into printing, compositors’, press and storage rooms. It is equipped with new type and modern appliances for job printing, let- ter, note and bill heads, business cards, pamphlets, etc., being done with dis- patch. This branch is under the man- agement of Mr. R. Lewis Berry, a skilled craftsman, who owns an interest in the department. Mr. Sims, a native of Charleston, was several years on the Cou- rier, which he left in ’72 to take a half intei’est in the Spartanburg Herald. He remained there till ’78, when he came to Orangeburg and started the Democrat, as already stated. During his residence in this county lie has made many friends and gained an enviable reputation both as a publisher and gentleman. HART &JOSS, The young and energetic lawyer of Orangeburg, was born here and was educated at Wofford College, Spartan- burg, leaving there in June, ’81. He commenced on 8th September the study of law in the office of Samuel, now Congressman Dibble, imbibing the knowledge of that able head, and in 1883 was admitted at a Supreme Court examination at Columbia. On January, ’83, he was appointed Trial Justice for two years, undertaking the duties of this position on his major- ity day. He has since filled the office with credit to himself and the satis- faction of all. He has already had several important civil cases, his cus- tom steadily increases, and he bids fair to enjoy a large and flourishing practice. Mr. Moss is in the Edisto Rifles. T. M. RAYSOR, Attorney and Counsellor at Law. This gentleman is a native of the county and received his education at Wofford College, graduating from it in 1878. He studied law with Samuel Dib- ble, Congressman for First District, and was admitted to the bar 1880, at a gen- eral term of the Supreme Court. In the spring, ’81, he was appointed Trial Justice, resigning in 1882, owing to the increas- ing demand of his law business. The patronage he enjoys steadily increases, and his clients find him well posted in the details of that abstruse science, and successful in attaining their ends. He is Solicitor for the Elliott Hook and Ladder Company, and member ox the Masonic Lodge, Shibboleth. REV. THOS. RAYSOR, One of the theologians of our State, and Presiding Elder of the M. E. Church for Orangeburg District, was born in Colleton county, South Carolina, April 13, 1827. After receiving a first-class education at Cokesbury Conference School in Abbeville, graduating from here in 1844 he studied medicine and graduated from Philadelphia Medical College, M. D., in 1848. After devoting his time to the study of theology he en- tered the South Carolina Conference of the M. E. Church, at Wadesboro, North Carolina, December, 1850, and was for 1851 appointed junior preacher to Barn- well circuit. He was ordained Deacon at Sumter by Bishop Capers in 1853, and ordained elder by Bishop Pierce in Co- lumbia, 1855. He served the following charges by appointment of the Bishops: ’52-’53, Sampit Mission near George- town; ’54, Anderson; ’55-’56, Laurens; ’57-‘58, Newberry; ’59-’60, Richland;'61. Abbeville; ’62-'63: Bamberg as presiding elder; ’64-’65 Charleston District, and ‘60 Bamberg District; 'G7-'6S Branchville; ’69-’70-'71-’72, Bamberg Circuit; T3- ’74-’75-’76, Colleton Circuit; 'T 7— '78— ’79-’S0, Branchville; Presiding Elder Marion District, ’81-'82; and Orange- burg District, ’83-'84. His district in- cludes Orangeburg county, part of Barn- well, Aiken and Lexington counties: 12 pastoral charges with a membership of about 5,000. Visiting each charge once a quarter and conscientious in the fulfill- ment of his duties, Dr. Raysor is popu- lar among his congregations, and much liked in the community. A learned scholar and deep thinker, he has from time to time written valuable contribu- tions for the South Carolina Advocate. the Christian Xeighbor and Metropoli- tan Pulpit, and also published three State of South Carolina. 275 pamphlets oil Infant Baptism, being a controversy with Rev. J. T. Buist of the Baptist Church. REV. T. M. C&LRHiW, A young and rising preacher of our State, was born at Liberty Hill, Edgefield county, and was educated at the High School there. He first pursued mercan- tile busines in Abbeville, studying at the same time law, under Judge Cochrane. He then devoted himself to theological research for three years at the Theologi- cal Seminary, Louisville, Kentucky, graduating from here in 1881. He was ordained at Abbeville, in May of same year, and in June following came to Orangeburg as Baptist minister. His church, built in 1864, is of brick, and one of the substantial edifices of the city; it can seat on the floor and in the galle- ry about 500, and the congregation, which rapidly increases, numbers over 140 members. A pleasant speaker, a simple reasoner, Mr. Galphin possesses the respect of his flock, and outside of the pulpit is a pleasing gentleman to meet. REV. J. L. STOKES, The present well qualified pastor of Methodist church of Orangeburg, was born in Colleton county, 5th February, 1854, and was educated at home by private tuition. He commenced study of theology in 1874, passed through the conference course, being ordained deacon in '76 and elder in ’78. He was first appointed junior preacher at Bennettsville, then at Sumter. His first senior charge was two years at Fort Mill; next of the Ward Circuit, Edgefield, and was four years jiastor of the Marion St. church, Columbia. In December, ’83, he came to Orange- burg and soon became popular with his congregation. His church, one of the ornaments of the city, is interiorly comfortably furnished, the accoustic properties are good and is capable of seating over 400 persons. The aver- age number of attendants is about 250 and the membership 200. Apart from being a clear speaker and good reasoner, Mr. Stokes is a well-read scholar, and ' for one year edited the Temperance Worker in Columbia. A. S. HYDRICK, M. B. f A descendant of the old German fam- ily, Heydrich, was born in Orangeburg county, 11th November, 1849, and was educated at the S. C. University, grad- uating with distinction from there M. D. in 1873. He was then appointed city physician in Columbia, practicing there two years, and was also Chairman of the Board of Health. In Orangeburg he has gained a splendid reputation, and he has a large and rapidly augmenting practice. In surgery he has been very successful in many difficult cases, including remo- val of the upper jaw bone, cataracts, am- putation of the shoulder joint, removal of breast and uterine tumors, etc. He was President of the Democratic Court House Club several years and as a Ma- son is an ex-Senior Warden and mem- ber of Shibboleth Lodge. He isex-Sec- retary of the State Medical Association, and standing well professionally, has many friends in social circles. He has been author of several papers on practi- cal subjects, among which we may men- tion one on “Teething Children,” a communication made to the State and published in the State Board of Health reports. DR. L. 8. WOLFE, Dentist. Dr. Wolfe, the popular dentist of Orangeburg, is a native of this county and commenced practice here in 1874. He has since been here, with the excep- tion of one month, when he opened rooms at Blackville. He studied for two years, ’78 and ’79, at Baltimore Dental College and graduated from there. His rooms are on Russell Street; the parlor is neatly furnished, the operating room is pro- vided with the latest inventions for ex- tracting and filling teeth with least pain and inconvenience to the patient, and the laboratory is well appointed. The doctor is practical in his work, having given much time and attention to the study of the science, and his patrons who come from Orangeburg and the ad- jacent counties are always more than 276 City of Orangeburg, pleased both with the work and the operator himself, who is courteous and painstaking with patients. W. C. WANMAMAKER, M. D., Was born in Orangeburg and edu- cated at the High School here. He studied at the Medical College of the State of South Carolina, graduating from it in 1879. He was chosen house sur- geon to the Roper Hospital for two years but resigned after eighteen months. He has since been practicing in Orangeburg, is at home in treating all manner of dis- ease, and as an indefatigable worker in the cause of this beneficial science has achieved a high professional eminence and obtained a first class social standing in the community. Among the most suc- cessful surgical operations performed by him we may mention the removal of intra-uterine-fibroid, cured; removal of fibroid moluscum tumor on breast, suc- cessful; removal of tumor situated over cerotid artery on neck, cured; removal of sacomatous growth from leg, cured. W. L. GLAZE, Attorney and Counsellor, Was born in Orangeburg 26th May, 1854, graduated from Wolford in 1876, and then became Principal of Pine Grove Academy and afterwards was one year assistant to Mr. Sheridan in the High School, Orangeburg. He commenced in 1879 and pursued the study of law with Gen. Izlar, imbibing much of the judgment of that able head and was May 31, 1881, admitted to the Supreme Court. He has his place of business in Gen. Izlar’s office, and al- ready is doing no inconsiderable practice throughout Orangeburg, Barnwell and Colleton counties. Confining his ener- gies strictly to his profession, he receives an increasing patronage, and is always alive to his patron’s interests. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge, Shibbo- leth, was raised in Pine Grove Lodge, and is in the fire company of this town. J. F. ROBINSON, County Clerk. The above official, well and favorably known to the people of this district, was born in Orangeburg county, and received his early education at her schools. When quite young he entered the Confederate army in 1861, and served till wounded in the fall of ’63, in the 1st South Caro- lina Regiment, (Hagood’s) Company B, and was for meritorious conduct pro- moted to a Sergeantcy. In a night attack near Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, he received a wound which afterwards ne- cessitated amputation of the right arm. At the cessation of hostilities, he re- turned to Orangeburg, and for eighteen months was Clerk of Court, till the gov- ernment was usurped by the new fran- chise. He then farmed till 1880, when elected by a considerable majority he was re-installed in his old position. So- cially and politically popular, no man is more zealous in the performance of the work, or in carrying out the plans of a county office. P. P. IZLAR, Probate Judge. The above popular Probate Judge was born in Orangeburg, and educated at the schools of this town. He afterwards at- tended Furman University, left there to enter the Confederate Army, and served one year in Hagood’s Regiment. He was afterwards with Hagood’s Brigade, in the Twenty-Fifth S. C. Regiment, Col. Simonton, for three years. He was at Se- cessionville, Port Walthall and Drury’s Bluff, where he was wounded and pro- moted for gallantry in the field, to a Lieutenancy, having been for three years previous Orderly Sergeant of Edisto Ri- fles. He was in Battery Wagner the night of its evacuation, receiving a wound from a shell, and also in Fort Sumter, and wounded on Cole’s Isle, ! from the explosion of a cannon. He joined his Company again at Petersburg, and was in the three days’ battle there and on the Weldon R. R., where he got badly shot in the shoulder. Unmindful of this he rejoined the Regiment in Vir- ginia and was transferred to North Car- olina, and finally captured at Fort Fisch- er, 15th January, 1865, and was for sev- eral months in prison at Elmyra, New York. Returning to his native State, he was chosen Principal of Graham, Barnwell county, and afterwards of State of South Carolina. 277 Branchville Academy. In 18S0, he was elected Probate Judge, and having dis- charged the onerous duties of the posi- tion creditably to himself and to the satisfaction of his constituents, he was, in 1882, re-elected. The Judge is a Ma- son, and was twice Master of his Lodge, Oman. J. S. ALBERGOTTI, County Treasurer. Mr. Albergotti has shown himself emi- nently possessed of the qualities neces- sary to fill the duties of this office. He was born in Charleston county, 1842, and commenced life as a soldier in the First South Carolina Rifles, Col. Pettigrew, which he joined the night Major Ander- son left Fort Moultrie for Sumter. He afterward was in the Fifth South Caro- lina Cavalry for two years. He was in- jured in dismounting a cannon and placed on detached service in Charles- ton, remaining there till the evacuation. With his regiment he was in North Carolina and at Averysboro’, Bentonville and Florence. Returning home, he came to join his family at Orangeburg, in the welfare of which county he has since taken a prominent part, and carried on mercantile business. He was elected Al- derman of the city in ’79 and for two years, ’79 and ’80, performed the duties of Mayor. He was Worshipful Master of the Masonic Lodge Shibboleth, No. 28, and is District Deputy Dictator of theK. of H. and Treasurer of their Orangeburg Lodge. On his appointment as County Treasurer in ’82 he retired from mercan- tile life. A. MAG QUEERS SALLEY, County Sheriff. The position of Sheriff, one of the most important of county offices, is ably filled in Orangeburg by Mr. A. Mac Queen Salley, who was born in this county August 6, 1847, was educated at South Carolina Military Academy. Since then he has been successful as a farmer in his native county. Always taking an active part for just government he has been on the Democratic Executive Com- mittee since reconstruction in 1876, and was in 1880 elected Sheriff. We all know that he has well discharged the trying and often disagreeable duties of the situation and that no better man could have been chosen. He is renominated this fall. L. H. WANNAMAKER, Deputy County Clerk. In every organization the assistants are almost as important as the princi- pal, for upon them in great measure de- pends the correct and effective working of the whole. The present deputy Clerk of Orangeburg County Court was born 12th June, ’55, here, and received what education it was his good fortune to obtain, it being the time of civil war, at the high school. When peace re- turned he entered, at the age of 15, the law office of Izlar & Dibble, as clerk three years. He was then two yea r s clerk to the County Treasurer, and af- terwards four years Sheriff’s clerk. In ’80 he was appointed to his present po- sition. He is likewise clerk for the Board of County Commissioners, which post he has filled five years. In politics Mr. Wannamaker takes a prominent part. He is one of the three County Commissioners for State and county elections, and five years Secretary of the county Democratic committee. He is also a Mason, being a Past Master of Shibboleth Lodge, and has also been foreman of the Elliott Flood and Ladder Company. Mr. Wannamaker is emi- nently fitted for the positions he occu- pies, and at no future date may probably be the recipient of still higher honors. Photographic Gallery. Among the photographers of South Carolina Mr. Van Orsdell, now of Orange- burg, has been prominent for several years, every picture issued from his stu- dio being a standing advertisement of his skill; and by his instantaneous pro- cess (the slide on the instrument being an invention of his own) babies or mov- 278 City of Oramgeburg, ing objects, steamboats ' or horses at full speed coming out clear and distinct. He is a Virginian, son of the well known photographer of Wilmington, N. C., just dead, and for many years Vice-President of the National Photographers Associ- ation. He has been in business' now ten years, having learned the profession with his father, and settled three years ago in Orangeburg. After a tour in the State, staying at Spartanburg, Chester and Camden, he returned here last fall and has furnished his studio with modern im- provements, including two of the costli- est operating instruments in use. The premises consist of dressing, waiting and operating room, 15x25 feet, with blue light, 10x15, printing rooms, silver and dark rooms, etc. He has just made a purchase of handsome showcases in Bal- timore. For his workmanship he has several times received diplomas at Balti- more and Philadelphia. He enjoys an increasing patronage, and callers will find him attentive to their wants. NEW YORK STORE, D. Epstin. This house, which was established in Orangeburg in the fall of '83, holds a leading position among similar stores in this section of the State. The premises consist of a handsome brick structure 25 feet bv 75, centrally located on Kussell Street. The stock averaging some 815,000 embraces foreign and domestic dry goods, satins, shawls, fancy and dress goods, the latest and most fashionable styles in men’s, youths’ and boys’ cloth- ing, boots and shoes, in sizes to suit all wearers of both sexes, and hats and caps in the newest New York styles. The business gives employment to four assist- ants. Mr. Epstin is a native of Russia and came to the United States 35 years ago. After the war he opened a store in Columbia and did a successful trade up to the time of moving here. He is a Mason and also a member of the B. B.’s. E. A. WEBSTER, Deputy Postmaster. Mr. Webster was born in Montpelier, Vermont, 1850, and graduated from Middletown College, Connecticut, A. B. in 1872, receiving the degree of A. M. three years later. He came South and taught in Claflin University, and also ran a newspaper called the Citizen, on Republican principles till 1 876, when he was appointed Deputy Postmaster, which position he has since filled. He pursued the study of law in the office of Hor.. A. B. Knolton, in Orangeburg, and n 1871 was almitted to the bar of this State. Was Collector of Internal Reve- nue and County Treasurer, and actively performs the duties of Republican Chair- man of this county, and has been several years a member of the State Executive Committee, and always has represented the county in the State Conventions. NOLAND’S SADDLERY, Maim Street. Mr. J. C. Noland, one of the enter- prising men of Orangeburg, is a native of North Carolina, and came to this State in 1837. In ’45 he entered as apprentice the house of MacKenzie & Co., of Charleston, saddlers, etc., in which he became partner on 1st Jan- uary, I860. He afterwards followed other lines of business, and on 22d Feb- ruary, ’83, moved to Orangeburg. A practical workman, thoroughly skilled in his line of trade, he has gained many customers throughout the county, and his workmanship enjoys a standard rep- utation. Parties calling at the sad- dlery on Main St,, will find him cour- teous and obliging, and ready to attend to their wants, and can inspect his stock, including saddles, bits, stirrups, bridles and harness in great variety, in all sizes and degrees of finish. CEAFEIN UNIVERSITY, ORANGEBURG. 280 City of Orangeburg. JULIUS CLOVER, Attorney and Counsellor, Is the son of Ex-Judge Thos. Worth Glover, at his death, October 3, '84, the oldest lawyer in the United States. He was born in Orangeburg in 1847, and after getting the education the schools of his native town — those of Mr. Burns and Mr. Whilden — could afford, he went' to the South Carolina University in ’68, and graduated from it in 1869. He then studied lav/ with Simonton & Barker in Charleston, and was admitted to the State bar in 1870 on Cir; uit examination there. Since ’71 he has been practicing in Orangeburg, and has shown himself faithful and true to his client’s interest. In ’79 and ’80 he was Trial Justice for this county, filling the post to the satis- faction of all. Near the close of the late war he volunteered along with other young men from this district, and formed a company commanded by Capt. Frederick, which at Sisters’ Ferry on the Savannah river had a skirmish with the outposts of Sherman’s army. Mr. Glover has always been a diligent student and fully deserves success at ihe bar. CHARLES H. CHAPIV3AM, Representing Chas. Scribners’ Sons, 743 and 745 Broadway, Xew York, Charleston, S. C. Among the younger men who have lately been added to the concourse of South Carolina’s society, and whose energies, enterprise and vim destine the great and glorious future of the Palmetto State, we note the above representative of Chas. Scribners’ Sons, known wherever in the world’s domain the English language is spoken for the many excellent publications that have and are being issued from their presses. Mr. Chapman, who attends more particularly to the collection de- partment on the Encyclopedia Britanica, too well known as civilization’s Standard Boole of Reference to require comment, is the second son of .James Chapman, F. R. G. S.,' the distinguished African explorer, and was born in Cape Town. Cape of Good Hope. At the age of fifteen he left home and for over eight years was en- gaged in travel, gaining that experience which to-day tends to make him such a valuable acquisition to the business and social circles of our State. He was three years on the Kimberly Diamond, and also the Transvaal Gold Fields, and served three years, ’76 to ’79, in the Cape Mounted Rifles in the Kaffir wars, being engaged in three campaigns, and present in five engagements. He was later engaged in business with the largest auctioneering house in Cape Town for some time, and in 1881 went to England with his wife spending six months in traveling there. On the 2d of July. ’82, he arrived in New York, and was over a year in the employ of Patterson & Neilson, the American agents of Virtue & Co., publishers. Since Oc- tober. ’83, he has been engaged in his present avocation, making Charleston his adopted city. He also travels in Georgia and Florida, and carrying to our doors the most valuable addition to a library, the Encyclopedia Britannica, belongs to that class of mankind’s benefactors, who brings us into vivid contact with all ends of the universe, all phases of the world’s history, all races of men. SUMTER, S. C The first permanent settlement in this county took place about the year 1750, at which time Samuel and James Bradley located themselves in the eastern part of the district now called Salem. Previous to this, however, the. country had been oc- cupied by herdsmen, who raised great numbers of cattle, and who moved about from place to place, as the range suited them. The most permanent of these were the Nelsons (near the ferry of that name), who, it is said, marked between 800 and 1000 calves every spring. The Davises were located near Sumterville, and the Conyers, Mellets and Canters, in the eastern part of the district, on the head branches of Black river and Lynch’s creek. The lands about the high hills of San- tee had been reserved for the Scotch after the rebellion of 1745, but it is said that when they arrived on the coast of Carolina, they were carried by contrary winds into Cape Fear, where they settled on Cross creek. The lands intended for them were then granted, and settled chiefly by Virginians, of whom the most noted were Gen. Sumter, Gen. Richardson and Col. James. The first settlers here were Chil- let, Mathers, Nettlers and Furnam. The county was named after General Sumter, whose eminent services during the Revolutionary war merit the highest honors. Several eminent characters originated from Sumter district during the Revolu- tionary war. Among the most distinguished of these are Gen. Sumter, who died on 1st June, 1832, in his 99th year. He was a Virginian by birth, a volunteer in the French and Indian war, was present at Braddock’s defeat, and in March, 1776, be- came Lieutenant-Colonel of the Second Regiment of S. C. Riflemen. After the cap- ture of Charleston in 1780, he took refuge in the swamps of the Santee, and, with the rank of Brigadier-General, became one of the most active and able partisan leaders in the South. On the 12th July he defeated a British detachment on the Catawba; on the following August he was routed at Fishing creek by Tarleton. He collected another corps, and on the 12th November defeated Col. Wemyss in the Chester district, and in an attack of Tarleton on his camp at Blackstock’s on the Tyger river he was severely wounded. In March, ’81, however, he raised three new regiments, and in concert with Marion, Pickens and others harassed the enemy’s scattered posts in the low country. In January, 1781, Congress passed a resolution of thanks to him and his men. He was a member of Congress from South Carolina from 1789-’93 and IT. S. Senator in 1801-’09. In 1809 he was appointed Minister to Brazil for two years. He was the last surviving General of the Revolution. Gen. Richard Richardson’s name early appears in the history of this State. He was appointed previous to the Revolution to a responsible position by the British Government, but on the Revolution taking place he resigned all his offices and en- tered with enthusiasm into the cause of his country. On the breaking out of the war he was appointed a Colonel by the Provincial Congress and sent with a large body of militia and newly raised regulars to apprehend the leaders of the royal party in the upper country, which orders he executed with great moderation and propri- ety. The celebrated Dr. Thomas Reese had charge of a church in this county during the Revolution. Col. Manning, the father of Governor Manning of South Carolina, distin- guished himself in the war of the Revolution. He was in the memorable battle of 282 Town of Sumter, the Eutaws and fought with determined bravery. At the siege of Augusta he had the command of one of the moving batteries. Sumter district has the honor of giving to the State, Governors Jas. B. Richardson and Richard J. Manning. The county is located near the interior of the State. Its area of acreage com- prises 850 square miles. The population of the district in 1790 was 6.940: in 1800, 13,103; 1810, 19,054; 1820, 25,369; 1830, 28,277; 1840, 29,892; 1850, 33,222; 1860, 23,859— this reduction is owing to the division of the old district into the two counties of Sumter and Clarendon; in 1870, 25,268; 1880, 37,037. The county is bounded on the northwest by Kershaw county, on the northeast by Darlington, on the south by Clarendon, and on the west by Richland and Ker- shaw counties. The soil for the most part is sandy, some portions of it partake of the red and blue clay. In the bottom lands, the soil is quite black. There are no rivers within the county, but numerous creeks flow through it, emptying their black waters into the rivers of adjoining counties. Cotton, corn, rice, wheat, rye, oats, sweet potatoes, and nearly all kinds vegetables are the staple products of the soil. The various kinds of fruits raised in the county are apples, peaches, pears, figs, grapes, cherries, etc. The soil being of a sandy character much fertilizing becomes necessary, and all classes of this are used. There are little or no mineral resources. Various kinds of fish abound in the streams and ponds. The climate is mild, and exceedingly healthful, except where the swamp lands exist, about which some malaria prevails. In these sections the long, pendant gray moss covers the branches of the trees, which though very picturesque, are of miasmatic creation. The planters, as a general thing, are quite well-to-do; some of whom have very large plantations, covering an area of several thousand acres. There is very little manufacturing in the county. Cotton gins, rice mills, grist mills, saw mills, turpentine stills, however, form no unimportant feature of the county. As to the cotton gins, the greater part of them are run by so-called mule-power; machinery, however, is being introduced, and it will not be so very long before all the cotton will be ginned by steam-power. Another important feat- ure of these industries is the saw mills. They are very numerous throughout the pine lands, all, of course, running by steam-power, some of which have railways and locomotives running from the works into the forests, hauling logs to the mills. The religious organizations partake of the Episcopal, Methodist, Baptist, Pres- byterian and Catholic. There is no Universalist, Unitarian, nor Swedenborgian. The colored people are principally Methodist and Baptist. As we have said above, there are 850 square miles in the county of Sumter. The product of the soil is chiefly cotton, corn, oats, rice and peas. There are some sec- tions not so good as others, but these poorer parts have been brought up to yield well through fertilization. " The soil, for the chief part, is of a sandy character, while some of it partakes of clay, and in some instances it is intermingled as to sections. The highways throughout the county are, for the most part, in good condition, the County Commissioners looking well after this part of their duties. The rail- ways running through a portion of the county are the Wilmington. Columbia and Augusta, and the Central Railroad of South Carolina. There is a project on foot to run a railroad from Charleston to Gaffney city, through Sumter county, connect- ing Bishopville with the same. All the towns in the county are mainly dependent upon the agricultural re- sources of the county, and on sale day, (the 1st Monday in each month,) Sumter has a large influx of visitors. The county has 18 towns and trading settlements with 162 stores; Sumterville. 75; Maysville, 21: Bishopsville, 12: Magnolia. 7; Providence, Wedgefield and Lynch- burg, 6; Mannville and Shiloh. 5; Spring Hill and Statesburg, 4: Sanders and Boy- kins. 2; Bossard, Claremont, Durant, Mechanicsville, 1 each. Of this? number seven deal in liquor, one in hardware, eight in dry goods, twenty-nine miscellaneous, and 117 general merchandise. Seven are kept by colored persons. The estimated wealth of the storekeepers is $812,000. State op South Carolina. 283 TOWN OF SUMTER, Or Sumterville, as it is frequently called, is located near the centre of the county, within a few miles of the head waters of the Winyee river, on the Wilmington, Columbia, and Augusta Railroad, forty-seven miles west of Florence, and 43 miles east of Colum- bia: it lies in latitude 33 deg. 53 min. 49 sec. It is located in a level section of the State, the soil is sandy and the climate at all seasons most agreeable. The temper- ature of the atmosphere seldom falls below zero, and barely reaches 98 above in midsummer. It. was founded in 1S00, and was incorporated in 1845. The first meeting of the Council took place in January, 1846. It was only a village till the railroad was opened in 1854, from Columbia to Wilmington, since when it has grown slowly but steadily, and now has a population of some 2,400 inhabitants within its corporate limits, which extend three-fourths of a mile in every direction from the courthouse square as a centre. The population is mixed, a large proportion are of Irish descent, and many Hebrews are ill business here. The officers consist of an Intendant and four Wardens; police department, of a chief, assistant chief, and four patrolmen; the fire department consists of three hand engines, two of which, though in good order are not used, but will be revived in time. The chief of this department is the Intendant of the town. There are ten miles of streets with elevated side-walks of rammed clay. Besides the courthouse building, there is a music hall fitted for public amusement; charges per night, including rent, license and lights, $20. Stores rent from $12.50 to $60 per month; dwelling houses from $5 to $20. The town taxes are -fV per cent, on real, and T 2 „ per cent, on personal pro- perty, and the total town revenues approximate to $10,000 per annum. The town indebtedness is $12,000 for the music hall, fire engines and floating indebtedness from 1872 to 1878, interest seven and eight per cent. The business of the town mainly consists of the mercantile and mechanical. There is the Bellemont cotton factory, saw and grist mills, but no machine shops. The stores are chiefly confined to general merchandise, which encompasses dry goods, groceries, hardware, woft and tin ware, boots, shoes, hats, caps, etc. Among the stores in the town there are several that would reflect credit upon a large city, being- two stories high, built of brick and extensive in their dimensions, with attractive fronts, plate glass show windows, etc. These stores rely in the main upon the coun- try trade, which, wdien “cotton moves,” do a good business. The yearly sales are estimated at provisions, $250,000; dry goods, $200,000; hardware, IlSO’OOO; miscellaneous, $100,000. About 15,000 bales of cotton are bought straight out. "There are ten churches, included in which number are, one Presbyterian, one Episcopal, one Methodist, one Catholic, one Baptist and four colored. The names of the pastors of the white churches are as follows: Presbyterian, Rev. N. W. Ed- munds; Episcopal, Rev. Theo. A. Porter; Methodist, Rev. PI. F. Chreitzberg; Bap- tist, Rev. C. C. Brown; Catholic, Rev. A. J. McNeil. There are two educational institutions in the town of note, viz: the St. Jo- seph’s Academy, under the supervision of the Sisters of Mercy, and the Sumter In- stitute, under the management of Mrs. Brown and Miss Cooper. There is also a High School, under the Principalship of Mr. Thos. McQueen. Other schools are here, both paid and free. As to the sanitary condition of the town, it may he stated that there are only four physicians in thefown, viz: Bossard, Blanding, Hughson and Moody, and that these gentlemen have very little to do, owing to the general healthfulness of this section. In respect to the railroad connections of this town, the TV ., C. and A. R. R. and the Central R. R. of S. C. have their depot here. The former connects Wilming- ton, N. C., with Columbia, S. C., and the latter runs from Sumter to Lanes’ sta- tion to the Northeastern R. R. These two lines of railroad convey much freight over their roads and are a connecting' link with all other railroads in the South. Of the hotels there are two— Jervey House and the Suares House. 284 Town of Sumter, COUNTY STATISTICS. Agricultural. Number of acres planted in and total yield of different products in 1882 — Cotton 64,437 acres, 15,014,621 lbs. of lint; corn 52,913 acres, 634,956 bushels; oats 8,416 acres, 151,488 bushels; wheat 460 acres, 4,140 bushels; rice 2,010 acres, 1,256,250 lbs. ; sorghum 10 acres, 400 gallons; sugarcane 10 acres, 500 gallons; sweet potatoes 1,072 acres, 272,136 bushels; Irish potatoes 75 acres, 18,750 bushels; peas 8,652 acres, 51, 912 bushels; yield of cotton to the acre is 233 pounds of lint, the second highest result of any county in the State; average cost of producing a 500 lbs. bale is $40; market gardens 713; honey 8,748 lbs. made; 890 lbs. wax; milk 2,026 gallons sold; butter 58,368 lbs. made; cheese 555 lbs. made; poultry 48,024; eggs 105,581 dozen sold; apples 5,460 bushels; peaches 1,612 bushels. STOCK ON HAND. Working oxen 876; milch cows 3,173; other cattle 3,793; sheep 2,163; lambs dropped 922; pounds of fleece 5,712; annual cost of raising sheep is 40 cts. per head, and average cost of raising a pound of wool is 10 cents, selling at 25 cents; the Merinos are best adapted to the county, in some parts much attention is paid to im- provement of breeds. The Merinos are generally preferred. A breeder writes, ‘T brought over the first Merino buck to this county several years ago, its large clip brought the profits of the industry to the front, and the interest has steadily in- creased. The average yield of unwashed wool per sheep is 44 lbs. Cotton seed is becoming a favorite food.” There are 19,419 swine in the county. Fertilizers used in tons — Ammoniated 1,537; acid phosphate 722; kainit 600; chemicals 150; total 3,009; amount used in composting 662. Amount of farm supplies purchased $975,000, on time $780,000, both figures among the highest in the State. Cash and time prices of following articles sold in 1882: corn $1.11 and $1.43 per bushel; bacon 12 and 15 cents per pound: flour $8.00 and $12.00 per bbl. ; meal $1.12 and $1.36 per bushel; hay $1.25 and $1.75 per hundred. Improved agricultural implements in use are, 6 sowers, 20 reapers, 3 sulkies. 500 guano distributors, 100 harrows, 40 steam engines on farms, with 1.000 total horse power. The supply of colored labor is not equal to the demand; wages paid to male and female farm labors is $6 and $5 a month, with board and generally extra land to plant, from two to five acres per hand. MANUFACTURES AND MINES. There is one cotton mill owned by the Bellemont Manufacturing Company, lo- cated in Sumterville, employing $60,000 capital, consuming annually 385.000 pounds, producing of yarn 335,000 pounds. It has 1.864 spindles, and employs 38 hands; it is driven entirely by a 75 horse-power steam engine. There are 73 flour and grist mills in the county, employing 50 white and 115 colored hands, $130,000 capital, and giving an annual product valued at $400,000: average toll is utli. There are 31 lumber mills, employing 150 white and 200 colored hands, 200 horses and mules, $150,000 capital, giving an annual product valued at $200,000. Increase of business this year over 1883, 25 per cent. There are 10 turpentine establishments, employing 25 white and 125 colored hands, $10,000 capital, value of annual product, $15,000, annual outturn, 600 barrels spirits, 3,000 barrels of rosin. REAL ESTATE, ETC. There is any quantity of land for sale in this county at from $5 to $10 per acre. Real estate not in cities, towns and villages — arable or plow lands, 161,440 acres, $776,355; meadow and pasture lands, 1,130 acres, $4,000; wood, uncultivated and marsh land, 354,630 acres, $1,089,995; buildings, 7,191, value $424,750; total acres, 517,200, value, $1,870,350; total value of county real estate, $2,295,100. State oe South Cakolina. 285 Real estate in cities, towns and villages — lots, 615, value, $181,110; buildings tliereon, 795, value, $362,535; total value of urban real estate, $543,645; total value of all taxable real estate, $2,838,745; total value of all taxable personal property, $1,419,555; per capita. $38.32. Total assessed value of property, $4,254,690. Railroad property — Central, $5,000 per mile, 10 miles; total taxable value, $50,600. South Carolina, $14,000 per mile, 24 miles, total value, $337,600. Wil- mington, Columbia and Augusta, $10,500 per mile, 35^ miles, total value, $374,310. Total value of all railroad property, $762,510. Taxes in mills — State tax, 4f; school tax, 2; ordinary county, 24; deficiencies for county, 4; funding county indebtedness, 14 ; total, 11. Jd- 370 King St. One door above George , Charleston , S. C. THE f MANUFACTURERS’ RECORD, BALTIMORE, MD. A SOUTHERN INDUSTRIAL AND HARDWARE PAPER DEVOTED TO THE UPBUILDING OE SOUTHERN MANUFAC- TURES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OE THE MATERIAL RESOURCES OE THE SOUTH. Price $3.00 st Read what Southern subscribers say about it : From Sergeant Mfg. Co., Greensboro, N. C.— “In- closed we send check for $3.0n. for one year’s subscrip- tion to the Manufacturers' Record. We are highly pleased with the pnper, and think it is doing great good for our Southern Sta'es.” From Cameron & Phillips. Abilene, Texas — “We enclose check for $3. id subscription to the Manufactu- rers' Record for one year. We consider the Record one of the best papers published in the interest of the hardware trade. We find that we get more informa- tion from it than from any other journal.” From Moore, Moore Stock Raiser. Prominent among the representative men of this county is Mr. J. D. McDow- all, one of the largest and most prosper- ous farmers and stock raisers of the State. He has been engaged in this line seven years. He owns on the west side of the Wateree some 4.500 acres, and on the east side 1,800 of good land. A large portion of these is cultivated, 850 produce cotton, while 400 are planted in oats and a like quantity in corn. He runs three steam gins, one in west and the other two in east Wateree. At the former place he has a saw mill, 52 inch saw, by which some 500,000 feet of standing timber is iirepared for market. The whole is driven by a 25 horse-power engine. The two gins on the other farm are driven by a 20 horse-power engine, which also serves to run a grist mill. All of these in the season are in constant operation and present a very busy aspect at picking and harvest times. In stock raising Mr. McDowall has been very successful, and has set an ex- ample to the people of this section. He is a large dealer in hogs, has over 300 registered head always on hand, and is prepared to supply the market with fine, fat, short-legged, pure Berkshires. In Jersey and Ayrshire cows he has now ten head, all registered stock. At the head of the herd is a fine young Jersey bull, Cockade II, one year old. He intends soon adding to these some imported Hol- steins from Mess. Smith & Powers, of Syracuse, K. Y., which breed he con- siders the best for this country. The horses and mares call especially for men- t : on. He has all the time eight to ten thoroughbreds, and graded colts on hand. 'Town of Camden, 314 and from six to eight splendid brood mares. His stallion, Willie Burke, has not his equal in the South. In the season he is brought to town, and his use can be pro- cured in any jiart of the county for $15 with the privilege of the season. The following facts speak as to his breed and record : Pedigree. Willie Burke was bred by R. A. Alexan- der, at Woodburn Stud Farm, Kentucky, in 1871, and is by Baywood by Lexing- ton out of Bay Leaf by imported York- shire, out of Maria Black by Filho da Puta, dam by Smolensko. Willie Burke’s first dam was Katina by imported Australian. Second dam was Kate Hayes by imported Albion. Third dam was Eudora by imported Priam. Fourth dam Bet Bosley, second by imported Bluster. Fifth dam was Bet Bosley, first by imported Wilkes’ Wonder. Sixth dam was by Chanticleer. Seventh dam was by imported Sterling. | Eighth dam was by Clodius. Ninth dam was by imported Silvereye. Tenth dam was by imported Jolly Roger. Eleventh dam was by Partner. Twelfth dam was by Monkey. Thirteenth, an imported mare in stud of Harrison of Brandon. Performances. 1874. — Jerome Park: Purse race for two year olds, {- mile, won by Willie Burke; time 0.51. Saratoga Meeting: was second in Flash Stakes, $ mile, won by Olitipa; time 0.47f. Saratoga Meet- ing: was third for Kentucky Stakes for two year olds, 1 mile, won by Chesa- peake; time 1.48-p. 1876. — Saratoga Selling Race: 1J miles; ran second; won by Acturns; time 2.13^. Baltimore Meeting: won mile heats for all ages in 1.47f, 1.48, 1 . 52 : beating Rhadimanthus, etc. Jerome Park: ran third in race for all ages. 1£ miles, won by Pera; time 2.04 and°2.04L Baltimore Spring Meeting: Handicap race; mile heats; ran second; won by Ore Knob; time 1.51J, 1.55£. Mr. McDowall also deals in general merchandise. His employees, who are under the immediate direction of two overseers, one for each farm, number 125, which in itself brings an important custom. His store is located in Camden, on Main Street, and is filled with planta- tion supplies. He handles annuallv some 800 bales of cotton. Besides the farms already mentioned, he has some 40 acres of cultivated land within the corporate limits of Camden. He has here further accommodation for his thoroughbreds, in the shape of twelve box stalls. He resides here in one of the nicest houses in the town. He was born in Kershaw county, 1854, and though a comparatively young man represents large interests. Personally he is a splen- did fellow, and well able to look after his own affairs. He married in April, ’78, the daughter of Gen. J. D. Kennedv, and has one child. C. C. YOUNG, Sewing Machines, Books and Sta- tionery, Fancy Goods, Cutlery, -Crockery and Glassware, Etc., Etc. It is with feelings of genuine pleasure and interest that the editor takes up the data of houses whose existence is con- temporaneous with that of the century. The house of G. G. Young was estab- lished in 1807, by Alexander Young, a Scotchman, who was one of the early settlers of Camden. He continued busi- ness distinguished for his honorable deal- ing, until 1856, when at his death, his eldest son, J. A. Young, succeeded him. He conducted the business till a vear be- fore his death, 26th October, 1882. In 1881, his brother, G. G., who had heen many years his partner, succeeded him. The store was originally situated in what is now the lower portion, but which was then the centre of the town. In 1829, it was burned, and then Mr. Alexander moved into the building now used as the State op South Carolina. 315 goal, and in 1859, the present store was erected. This is 31x66 feet, and may be said to be the best store building in town. It has an imposing front, is of redbrick, the walls are very thick and the whole is rendered fire-proof by ponderous iron shutters in back and front. The strength of the structure as fire-proof, has been proven three times, when the houses on three sides have been burned down ; once, actually the whole burning building fell on to the side of Mr. Young’s store, and at another time, the shutters were red hot, but nothing inside was as much as injured. Interiorily it is splendidly fur- nished and a large stone vault is in the rear, for keeping the valuable articles. The stock is valued at $8,000, and it is an accepted fact that no one ever called who did not get what he or she wanted. The house has carried such a large vari- ety of goods for so many years that the old seven-year adage has again and again come true, to the delight of the aston- ished customer. The stock contains a complete line of books, stationery, jew- elry, fancy goods, spectacles, English cutlery, knives, razors, scissors, guns, pistols, ammunition, lamps and lamp goods, imported china and glassware, fancy and willow ware, chairs, baby car- riages, toys, sewing machines with the latest inventions in attachments and nee- dles, etc., etc. The house is one of the best known in the whole country. Mr. Young is a native of Kershaw county, is a considerable real estate owner, and after many years of bachelorhood, mar- ried a lady of the county 12 years ago. In the war he was four years in the Sec- ond S. C. Cavalry, from shortly after the first Manassas, till captured in March, 1865, in North Carolina. 8. C. CLYBUS3PI, Clerk of Court. If we search the annals of the county or look around among the officials of the State, it is doubtful if we will find one more suited to his office than the above gentleman, or one that to-day stands higher in the estimation and good will of a constituency. Captain Clyburn was born in Kershaw county, March 18, 1838, was raised on a farm, and at 16 years old, went to clerking. In ’56 he came to Camden, and after two years more clerking started in business on his own account. The outbreak of the civil war found him a successful merchant, but he at once left business and joined Nilson’s Battalion, 7th South Carolina Regiment, serving with them as Orderly Sergeant first on the coast. They went to Virginia in time to participate in the battle of Petersburg, and at Drury’s Bluff, on May 16, ’64, the subject of our sketch was wounded through the thigh. He came home on furlough for a few weeks, returned to the army and con- tinued to the end of the war. Returning home he engaged in farming till 1868. He went to Florida two years but came back to his native county and continued farming and merchandising till 1877. In September of that year he was elected to fill an unexpired term as Clerk of Court, and from then till now has dis- charged the duties of the office so as to gain the approbation of an approving public. It is said that Mr. Clyburn not only can lay his hand on anything in the vast multitude of papers in this office at once, but is familiar with and can recite the contents of them all without refer- ence. He gets the name also of being very polite, and a party never leaves his office without having gained all and more than all the information he came to find. This year he is nominated unopposed for the position. The Captain was chair- man of the County Executive Committee during ’82-’83 and ’84, was delegate to the State Congressional Convention in ’82, and again this year. He still takes an interest in farming, runs one planta- tion and rents a large tract of land for planting purposes. He is a prominent member of the Legion of Honor. He married in 1859, Mary A. E. Smyrl, of Kershaw, has had nine children, six of whom are living. 3. B. LATH AM, Latham House, Wines, Liquors and Cigars, Livery and Exchange Stable. Samuel Berry Latham, a prominent resident of Camden, was born in Davie county. North Carolina, was raised on a plantation and was engaged up to the outbreak of the war farming in his na- 316 Town of Camden, tive county. For three years he was a member of the 7th Confederate Cavalry, till taken prisoner on September 30, ’64, in Virginia, near Petersburg. When peace returned he came back to his old pursuits and migrated to South Carolina in February, ’71, settling in Camden where he has since amassed considerable fortune. Everything he has taken up lias turned into gold at his magic touch. He first started in the liquor and tobacco line, handling those mostly wholesale. About a year later he bought the premises on which he was located, and converted the house into a hotel. His barroom is, perhaps, the most frequented in town, and at all hours of the day there is a constant crowd of customers. The stock will amount to some 12,000 and includes finest Irish, rye and corn whiskies, French brandies, wines, Bass’ ale, American lager, mineral and soda wa- ters, etc., and cigars, chewing and smoking tobaccos. The hotel has for twelve years commanded the transient trade visiting this point. A ’bus is run to all the trains, good meals are served, and drunk down with fine home grown Schoppenheimer, comfortable spring- beds with nets, are in all the rooms, and Mr. Robinson, the manager, is attentive to the guests. The livery stable is in keeping with the rest of the institution, similarly well equipped. Eighteen horses and mules are constantly on hand, 19 vehicles, wagons, buggies, carriages, and ’bus correspond, and are let out at rea- sonable rates. In the season Mr. Latham handles about 80 head of horses and mules of all kinds, from 2:13 trotters, down to heavier horses and mules for wagon and plow work. The establish- ment which covers a space of about 100x500 feet gives employment to never less than fifteen hands. Mr. Latham is on the County Executive Committee, is Chairman of the Board of County Com- missioners; he belongs to the Free- masons, to the Legion of Honor, and the Mutual Reserve Fund Association. He is Lieutenant in the Kershaw Troop and has lately built a nice residence in the upper part of the city. In farming his advice is often sought after by less expe- rienced agriculturists, and on his own 21 acre farm he grows yearly two crops of oats and corn which is all consumed in his own establishment. He is a man of few words and many actions, his multi- farious belongings entail on him con- stant work. He has greatly helped to build up the imjDortance of Camden; and is, indeed, one of those men to whom South Carolina owes her rapid rise from the state of poverty into which she was thrown by the civil war. JAMES THORNWELL HAY, Attorney at Law, Was born at Columbia, 28th April, 1847. His father was a Presbyterian minister, and named his son after the celebrated Dr. Thornwell, of that church. When young Hay was four years old, the fami- ly moved to Camden, and as he grew up he received most of his education at home, and later at McAndless’ school. From September, 1864, till April, 1865, he served with the Fifth Battalion of S.C. Reserves, and was present at. the battle of Bentonsville, Xorth Carolina. For many mouths after the return of peace, he engaged in manual labor, rather than be dependent on the generosity of friends. In September, 1866, he com- menced the study of law with Gen. Ker- shaw, and was admitted May, 1868. Mr. Hav then commenced practice and en- tered upon a career that has been a con- tinuously ascending one. He first was in copartnership with Junius Davis, till April, 1869, then he practiced with W. L. DePass, till February, 1S74, when along with W. D. Trantham, he bought the Camden Journal , and conducted it till April, 1877. At the same time he practiced law alone, and since selling out the Journal, has continued to do so. He has been exceptionally successful with the causes he has taken up, and if there is one man that has a wider knowledge of law, is a more able advocate, and a clearer reasoner than another at the Cam- den bar, he is that man. Mr. Hay rep- resented this county in the House, in 1880 and 1881. and greatly pleased his constituency in the care he showed in the introduction of several local bills. He was candidate for the Senate in 1882. and the manner of his defeat onl\ oved conclusively the extended appreciation he is held in by the people of the coun- ty. He is attorney for the Wateree State of South Carolina. 317 Bridge corporation, and counsellor of the leading merchants and business houses of the town. He is a member in the K. of the Cl. It., the Legion of Hon- or, and has beeu 12 years an Elder in the Presbyterian church. He has an easy and attractive manner, and at his office in law range, entertains clients and call- ers as becomes a man of culture and standing. TRAftSTH&M & WiS'SfCLER, Attorneys at Law. Wm. D. Tranham, was born in Ker- shaw county, 11th November, 1847. He was educated at King’s Mountain Military School. He was during the first year of the war in the 2d South Carolina Regi- ment, being later transferred to the State Reserves on account of his youth. When peace returned he farmed two years and further pursued his studies at Wakef orest College, N. C., graduating from there in 1871. He then prose- cuted the study of law, and was admit- ted to the bar in 1872. In ’73 be bought the Camden Journal, which he edited with Mr. Hay for five years, at the same time doing a little practice and gaining the good will and confidence of the people, so that in ’78 when he directed his efforts wholly to law his business rapidly increased. The public well remember his defense, assisted by Col. Jno. R. Abney, of Perry, accused of McDowell’s murder. The case was hotly contested, but the jury finally acquitted on the plea of self-defence, which was advocated by the prisoner’s counsel. Mr. Trantham has a wide knowledge of the law and as an ad- vocate has few if any superiors of his age in the State. From ’78 to ’80, he was county chairman, but declined re-elec- tion; the same years he was a member of the Legislature, but also declined re- election, confining his attention to his growing practice. He has been delegate to many conventions, both State and Congressional. He has not regretted the step of declining all political offices, and in time will be a lawyer whose name shall make the bar of Camden noted throughout the State and country. Mr. Trantham is Master of the Masonic Lodge, Kershaw, to which he was ap- pointed December, 1882. He married in 1877 a North Carolina lady, by whom he has two children. His office is lo- cated on Law Range, where he has an extensive library. He is possessed of that magnetism without which no man can hope to rise. Mr. Trantham on the 1st July, ’84, formed a partnership with Cornelius L. Winkler, a young lawyer of promise and ability. W. La ARTHUR & BRO., General Merchandise and Planta- tion Supplies. Among the prosperous business houses of Camden, whose extensive operations and well established reputation entitle them to our favorable consideration, we note with pleasure the above named. The business was started in 1866 as Burns & Boswell, which firm soon dis- solving, the senior continued till his death in 1869. Mr. Arthur then took charge of the business for his late mas- ter’s widow, from whom he bought the entire interest in 1872, and in 1881 took in his brother as partner. Mr. Arthur has from the commencement, by enter- prise and his ability to buy at low figures, continued to prosper, and now stands as one of the prominent merchants of the town. His premises were originally lo- cated below his present site, when being burned out in ’77 he moved into the es- tablishment he now occupies, and which indeed has gradually grown too small for the increase of business, and from time to time additions to the premises have been made. The main store is 33x90, and the stock is arranged so as to invite attention. The wholesale shoe ware- house, 22x70 feet, is in the rear of this, and other two for heavy plantation sup- plies and grain respectively, complete the whole. The grocery store, 30x90 feet, is located a few doors below, which is in its equipment similarly attractive and well appointed. The house carries a stock averaging $25,000 in value, which is pro- cured in large quantities from the lead- ing manufacturers and jobbers. They have the largest stock of boots and shoes in this section, are the leading in this line, and carry all styles in ladies’, gents’ and children’s boots, shoes and gaiters, also hats and caps, men’s and 318 Town of Camden, boys’ clothing, gent’s furnishing goods, etc., and heavy and fancy groceries. They do a wholesale and retail trade ex- tending through Kershaw, Sumter, Fair- field, Darlington, Lancaster and Rich- land. They also handle in the season 500 to 700 tons fertilizers and about 600 bales of cotton. Ten competent assist- ants are engaged and a team and a wagon. Mr. W. L. Arthur is a native of Ker- shaw. He is President of the B. and L. Association, and also takes an interest in farming, having 350 acres under cultiva- tion. lie is likewise part owner in a saw mill, two cotton gins — 50 and 60 saws — and grist mill located in the county, run by a 30-horse power engine, and employ- ing a dozen hands. His brother, J. L., is also a native of Kershaw; in the war served two years with DePass’ artillery. C. J. DUNLAP, Druggist. The drug business undoubtedly occu- pies a position, the importance of which cannot be disputed. The house of 0. J. Dunlap, of Cam- den. was founded in 1866, by its present proprietor, and has, since its inception, held the leading place in the county. Mr. Dunlap has been in his present lo- cation some 10 years, and has the most attractive store in town. It is 28x90 feet in extent, 25 feet high, and fitted and arranged in a most expensive, neat and tasteful manner, furnished with all the latest improvements, both ornamental and useful, and we can safely say that few drug stores in the State have such a spacious and pleasing appearance. The stock comprises a full line of drugs and chemicals, as well as toilet and fancy ar- ticles, and standard proprietary medi- cines, tobaccos and cigars. Dr. Dunlap is a gentleman of matured experience in the business and assisted by a competent clerk, gives careful attention to com- pounding family and physicians recipes. He is a native of Camden, a graduate of pharmacy, and also a graduate of Wof- ford College, of this State. He has al- ways been actively interested and pro- motive of the city’s welfare. He is a ' member of the State Pharmaceutical As- sociation. He belongs to the K. of H., the American Legion of Honor. The doctor entertains all who call upon him as becomes a Southerner of culture and experience, and his name is a household word in the homes of the rich and the cottages of the poor all over this county, where he holds the full confidence of the public. KENNEDY & WiLLIAMS, Insurance Agents and Bankers. The question of insurance has become of vast importance to property owners throughout the country and closely con- cerns all branches of business. The house which does the business for Cam- den in this line was started by Mr. Ken- nedy, who conducted it alone with the exception of 1881, when he amalgamated with Mr. McDowall, till March 1st, ’84, when he took into partnership Mr. D. R. Williams, who bought out Clyburn, February 1st. They represent the fol- lowing well known companies: Germania, Home of New York, Crescent, New York Underwriters, North British and Mercantile, London, Liverpool and Globe, Commercial Union and Georgia Home, with total assets in the United States of some §50,000,000. They thus offer all the advantages that capital affords, insure at lowest rates and take risks on all kinds of buildings, stock, cotton gins, saw mills, etc. These gen- tlemen also do the banking business of the town, make collections and operate in every way except to receive deposits. Mr. B. O. Kennedy is of a thorough financial turn of mind; is systematic, clear and correct in his methods, and his strict integrity has been, of course, the main stay of his success. He is a native of Kershaw county, is a son of R. M. Kennedy, q. v., in whose store his office is located, was a senior warden in the Masonic Lodge, Kershaw. He is well as- sisted in the outside work by his partner. Mr. Williams, a young man of push and energy. P. T. ViLLEPICUE, General Merchan i ise. Nothing gives us so much pleasure in describing the various commercial re- sources of a town, than to note the ad- vent into mercantile circles of young men of enterprise and character. To State of South Carolina. 319 the Camden world is Mr. P. T. Ville- pigue, who in February last, started in business, a valuable addition. While yet head clerk of C. Bell, whom he bought out, he made many friends, and now that he has opened for him- self, he has met with marked success. He already takes a prominent place among the merchants of Camden, and this fall is putting in a stock of $8,000, which will vie in completeness and variety with any in town. It con- sists of foreign and domestic dry goods, white and fancy goods, clothing to suit all figures and pockets, latest novelties in gents furnishing goods, newest styles in ladies, gents and children’s boots and shoes; also, New York fashions in hats and caps, fresh staple and fancy groce- ries, trunks and valises, etc. The store is one of the most attractive on Main Street is 25x100 feet. Three hands are employed, whose politeness is in keeping with the superior quality of everything sold. Mr. Villepigue has made himself quite popular; his trade is mostly among that class of people all over the county who pay cash, who are the best judges of merchandise of all kinds. He was born in Charleston, has lived in Kershaw county all his life. He is President of the Y. M. C. A., member of the G. R., Vestryman in the Episcopal church. W. M. SHANNON, Lawyer,. Was born in this county and finished his education by a two years course at the University of the South, Suwanee, Tennessee. Returning home he planted two years, but his father not wishing to see him throw away talents and educa- tion in such an unprofitable business per- suaded him to study law with him. He was admitted in January, ’80, practiced with his father till his death in July. He has not failed to uphold the reputation his family made at the bar. He has successfully conducted several crimi- nal and civil cases, though his business is mostly office and collection. He repre- sents the Dundee Mortgage and Scottish American, two of the largest loaning companies in the world, and is Attorney for the Building and Loan Association of this town. The Captain is quite a popu- lar man in the county. He is a member of the American Legion of Honor. He is Captain of the Kershaw Guards, the only military company in the town, or- ganized two years ago when he helped to uniform them. He is a Vestryman in the Episcopal Church and School Trus- tee. He is married to one of the nicest ladies of Kershaw, has a family of two, and if his future action is reflected in his past he has a bright and happy career in life. BeKALB HOUSE, J. N. Nicholson, Proprietor. There is nothing adds more to the progress of a community than the estab- lishment iu it of a first-class hotel. Such a valuable addition to Camden is the subject of our sketch. The DeKalb House which only opened on the 1st March of this year, has, under the man- agement of Mr. and Mrs. Nicholson, had a steadily prosperous career. It is located in the centre of the business por- tion of the town, is beautifully cool in summer, for, standing on a slight rising ground, it catches every breeze. It looks to the south, on which side are wide piazzas, forming a very effective shade from the sun and at the same time do not obstruct the southern breeze. The building is three stories high and built expressly for hotel purposes. It is about 60x120 feet; on the first floor is the of- fice, dining room and two large sample rooms; on the next, a nicely furnished parlor with piano, and the remainder with the upper floor is taken up by 21 sleeping rooms; the whole house has been this year newly furnished under Mr. Nicholson’s own eye, with spring beds and the other conveniences of a first-class lodging room. A hack is run to every train. The house is patronized by the best people of the town, who re- ceive boarding rates, considering the ex- cellent conveniences and table, remark- ably low. The transient rates are $2 a day. Those having once stopped here never fail to return. Mr. Nicholson, who pleasantly entertains his guests and does all in his power to make them at home well deserves the success he is meeting with. He is a native of Ches- ter; in the war he was four years in the 320 Town of 15th North Carolina, in Virginia and on the Peninsula as first Lieutenant, Com- pany C, commanded the company most of the time, and was at the Greensboro’ surrender, he lived in Western North Carolina after the war farming and mer- chandising, and for six years, from ’72 to 78, he ran the hotel in Chester. Cl.PT. C. C. HAILE, County Treasurer. This gentleman, during the two years that he has filled this office, has given entire satisfaction, and this year is re- elected unopposed. He is a native of Kershaw, was thirty-nine years engaged in farming and surveying, but now rents out his 50U acres of land on Beaver Creek, near Hanging Rock. In the war he ren- dered four years service to the Confed- eracy, first as Captain Company G, Second South Carolina, and later commanding Company A of the Twenty-Third Regi- ment, till captured at Five Forks on the 1st April, 1805. He long discharged the duties of County Commissioner. The Captain still takes an active interest in the farming of the county, is a leading member and formerly Chairman of the Flat Rock Grange, No. 45. He is an im- portant factor in the county, and a man whom we wish long to see exercising his good influence in the community. EDW. E. &5LL, County Auditor. The present efficient incumbent of this office was born in Kershaw June 22, 1830, and his mother still living is hale and hearty at 88 years of age. He was raised on a farm and continued in farm- ing life till 1850. He then entered upon a prosperous political career. He was appointed County Magistrate and at the same time Deputy Clerk of Court, and in 1800 was elected Sheriff. When the war broke out he resigned this office and joined the 2d South Carolina, serving four years. At Sharpsburg lie was slightly wounded in the head, and at Gettysburg badly in the foot from which he still suffers. The war ended he re- turned home and was elected to his old post of Sheriff which he filled till the government was usurped in 1868. From Camden, that time till ’76, he prosecuted farming, when on the re-establishment of white power he was made Chief of Police and Town Recorder. The following year he was chosen for Auditor, and at the same time he held the post of Recorder for two years more. Since then Captain Sill has been continuously re-appointed to his post with but slight ‘’opposition till this last term, and the public are assured he is the best man for the office. He has been a member of the K. of II. since 1879. A. R. SMITH, Cotton Buyer, Representing J. M. Ivy & Co., of Rock Hill. The position a cotton buyer holds in any trading centre is synonymous in im- portance with the part that the great Southern stajfle plays in the financial world of this State. “Mr. Smith, who as above noticed buys in this market for the well known house of J. M. Ivy & C'o., bankers, of Rock Hill, was born“in York county. His father, a physician by call- ing, died in November, 1853, one month before the subject of our sketch was born. Young Smith was raised on a farm till he was fourteen years old, when he ap- prenticed himself in Rock Hill. He rap- idly rose in the estimation of his em- ployers, continued clerking till ‘17. when be was appointed buyer “to this house. Messrs. Ivy soon put complete confi- dence in his judgment. The following year they located him at Chester, and in ’79 moved him to Camden. He buys in an average season about 5,000 bales, and farmers are generally much pleased with his correct and ready manner of doing business. Mr. Smith also manages for his employers a farm, 2,000 acres, in State oe South Carolina. 321 Sumter. He is a favorite round town, belongs to the K. of II., is a R. A. and Council Mason and member of the Rock Hill Lodge. I. H. ALEXANDER, D.D. S., Dentist. Camden is fortunate in possessing in the above one of the best known dentists of the State, and her people have not been slow in appreciating this fact for they have liberally patronized him since he commenced the practice of his specialty here. The doctor is a native of Kershaw county. At 1G years of age he left school and entered the army, serving as color-bearer and courier in the Kershaw Light Artillery, (Buist’s Bat- talion,) went all through that famous re- treat from the coast up into Xorth Caro- lina with Johnson’s army. When peace came he turned his mind towards dentis- try and studied under Dr. Bosseler, of Camden, later practicing with him sev- eral years, graduating from the Philadel- phia College of Dental Surgery in the spring of 1877. He conducted a pros- perous business in Barnwell four years making many friends and patrons who were sorry to loose him. He was in Columbia a year, and in the fall of ’78 returned to Camden, since when he has enjoyed a large and growingcustom from the best families all over the county. His rooms are spacious and provided with every modern convenience for carrying on all branches of the business. They are centrally located on Broad Street, consist of parlor, operating room, and laboratory. The doctor is expert in operating, filling, mounting on gold or other substances, etc., his rates are al- ways reasonable, he takes great pains in giving courage to timid patients, and, in fact, he ranks in standing and ability with the first in the State. He is a prominent member of the State Dental Association, as one of its charter mem- bers. which was organized April 5th. 1870, and has filled many important offi- ces in it. He was the first to use steam for working the celluloid base by which such a revolution was brought about in some branches of the science. The doc- tor married a Charleston lady on Janu- ary 5, 1875, and has one boy. CAPT. WM. CLYBURM. This gentleman was born in Kershaw county 21st January, 1831, and resided in the country till ’48, when he removed to the town, and for three years was clerk to one of the leading merchants. In 1851 he started in business for him- self, buying cotton, and also carried on grocery business till the war. In 1856 he was elected Clerk of the Court, being- re-elected each succeeding term. When the war broke out he appointed a deputy in his place and joined Greggs’ 1st South Carolina Regiment — the first body of men to proceed to Virginia from this State — as 1st Lieutenant in Boykin’s Company. He was later appointed Captain Company G, 7th Battalion, Ilagood’s Regiment, Hokes’ Division. The Captain was a gallant soldier and took to the sword like a duck to the water. He was slightly wounded at Petersburg, was at Bentonville and at the Greens- boro surrender. While yet in the army he was elected Clerk of the Court in ’64, and returning home, took up the place till 1869. Pie resumed his old avocation as cotton buyer for Knoop, Ilannaman & Co., and has bought more cotton on this market than any one living. Capt. Clyburn is one of the influential men of the county, has been often solicited to allow his name to be used again as can- didate for office, but he thinks that two officials in a county out of one family are enough. He is one of the largest real estate owners of the town, including one of the finest blocks on Main St., has 1,100 acres of plantation lands on Flat Rock Creek. He married 19tli October, 1871, a Lancaster lady and has a family of four. CHARLESTON, S. C. LUCAS & RICHARDSON, Printers, Binders, Rulers, Manufacturing Stationers, Etc., 62 East Bat Street. Tlie printing business may be safely looked upon as a barometer of the gen- eral trade and commerce of any commu- nity, as its progress indicates the advanc- ing intelligence and desire for improve- ment displayed on the part of the people. To those non-progressive spirits who would have us believe that Charles- ton is not steadily increasing her wealth and augmenting her commercial import- ance, we would only cite the career of the house under notice, which furnishes us with sufficient facts to prove that the “Queen City” is steadily keejiing pace with the general onward march of the country. Founded in 1876, in a year when the political and financial status of South Carolina was unsettled and dark indeed under the executive head, that, starting in absolute obscurity, has since become familiar as that of one of the leading establishments of the South. Messrs. Lucas & Richardson, after serv- ing many years as practical printers in a large Southern printing office, learning the various branches of the business in detail, started for themselves in a small room located on East Bay, a few doors from their present site. Furnished with one press, without money, without a name, except what they had acquired as other young men among their ordinary friends and acquaintances, alongside of houses whose existence almost dated back as far as that of the State itself, they boldly advertised themselves as ready to undertake job work of all and any kind. They executed orders in a manner that at once won the confidence of the business men of the city, their trade rapidly increased, the reliability of their work became acknowledged, and they took their stand as a young and rising house of the Palmetto State. They extended their facilities and their room, till the building would no longer meet the demands made upon it, so in July of 1883 they moved into the im- posing structure they now occupy at 62 East Bay, beside the Postoffice/ in the very centre of the business portion of the city. It consists of four floors, with basement used for storing stock. On the street floor we find a large and varied assortment of stationery goods, present- ing an enticing array to the retail cus- tomer of all kinds of paper, check books, inks and office furniture gener- ally. The office is comfortable and well furnished, and here customers are plea- santly received, and can see a full line of elegant samples of printing and lith- ograph work of the very latest styles and designs. On the second floor we find book room, job room, press room, etc. ; there are six presses, latest patterns, two cylinder and four job. On the upper floors are the binding, ruling, finishing, gilding, stereotyping departments and drying room, and there will shortly be added electrotyping and engraving. The machinery is driven by a New York safety 8-horse engine. Twenty-five com- petent hands are constantly employed. Their trade extends over North and South Carolina, Georgia, Florida and Alabama, in which territory their work has gained a reputation second to none. The members of the firm, Messrs. TV. N. Lucas and TV. H. Richardson, are native Charlestonians, are live, shrewd, reliable, attentive and polite in their business relations, and ingratiate them- selves into the good will of customers. They for a time ran a branch establish- ment in Greenville, S. C., where they published the Xews. They, however, abandoned this, owing to the tremen- dous growth of the Charleston business requiring all their attention. Parties who wish the best work at reasonable prices will find it to their advantage to correspond with this firm. CLASSIFIED BUSINESS INDEX. BANKS. Anderson. National Bank 251 Camden. Kennedy & Williams 318 Greenville. National Bank 90 Newberry. National Bank 225 Spartanburg. National Bank 180 Sumteii. National Bank 293 Union. Nicholson, W. A . . 206 CARRIAGE FACTORIES AND DEALERS. Abbeville. Seal, Mcllwain & Co 139 Greenville. Gilreath, Harris & Co 76 Markley, H. C 72 Orangeburg. Doyle, P 272 Spartanburg. Cantrell, F. & Co 165 Mills, L. A. & Co 161 Union. Robinson & Allen 217 Rodger, Jno 207 BOOTS AND SHOES. Camden. Arihur, W. L. & Bro 317 Greenville. Abell A. Morgan 78 Goodwin, J. P 70 Sumter. Bultmann & Bro 294 COTTON FACTORIES. Greenville. Piedmont M'f'g Co 64 Huguenot Mills 77 N KWBERRY. Cotton Mill 225 Orangeburg. Orange Cotton Mill 265 Spartanburg. Clifton M'f'g Co 156 Glendale M’f’g Co 159 Pacolei M’f'g Co 161 BUTCHERS. Greenville. Sehlapbach, H 114 CLOTHING. Greenville. Poe, F. W. & Co 90 Weil, Isaac 87 Newberry. Cloud & Smith 233 Scott, E. A 231 Orangeburg. Epstein, D 27S Spartanburg. Clond, J. S. & Co 164 CLERGYMEN. Greenville. Capers, E 94 Mundy, J. A 98 Smart, R. D 99 Orangeburg. Galphin, T. M 275 Raysor, T 274 Stokes, J. L 275 COMMISSION MERCHANTS. Gr eenville. Gower & Reilly 60 Smiih, J. C 86 Steen, T 120 Woodward, W. T. J. & Son. . . . 106 Orangeburg. Copes, R 270 Spartanburg. Schoeklev, B. F 186 Smith, F. S 184 DRY GOODS. Camden. Kennedy, R. M 312 Sumter. Lowry, H. A 296 Union. Flynn, D. C 213 DRf GOODS AND MILLINERY. Abbeville. Haddon, R. M. & Co 136 Anderson. Arnstein, M. B 252 Greenville. David, C.A 103 Dickson, ,T M 92 Hovey & Townes 63 M Kay, !V1. A 109 1VI organ .T. H. & Bro 102 Stradley & Barr 104 Newberry. Cline B. H 228 Foot, M 2s4 Tarrant, W. T 73:1 Orangeburg. Brunson & Dibble 270 Kohn T Spartanburg. Bowden. Earle &01iphant... Freisleben, A Geddes, J. & Co Lee, J. A. & Son Sloan, J. H. & Co Williams, T. A ... 173 ... 194 .. . 164 ... 173 . . 134 ... 186 DENTISTS. Abbeville. Wilson, H. D Anderson. Johnstone, A. P ... 253 Charleston. Dotterer, L. P .. 285 Camden. Alexander, I. H ... 321 Orangeburg. Wolfe, L.S Spartanburg. Boyd, M. P .. 193 Union. Meador, L. E .. 217 COTTON BUYERS. Camden. Clyburn, W Smith, A. R .. 321 .. 320 Spartanburg. Walker, Fleming & Co .. 155 Sumter. Stubbs C. E .. 292 DRUGGISTS. Abbeville. Cothran. W. S & Co Penny, W. T Speed & Lowry . . 142 .. 139 Camden. Dunlap, C. J . 318 Greenville. Racot, D. T. & Co Rrown. J R Walter, F. A Westmoreland Bros . 105 . 114 91 . (8 Newberry. Fant, S. F . 227 Orangeburg. Wannamaker, J. G 267 Spartanburg. Hill & Dawkins Li‘mn, H A Life MedicineCo Topaz Cinchona Ccrdial Co. . . . 182 . 186 . 193 166 Sumter. China, A. J 296 324 Classified Business Index, Union. Posey, J. W. & Bro 215 EDUCATIONAL INSTITU- TIONS. Greenville. Conservatory of Music 85 Female College 84 Furman University. .. .■ 80 Newberry. Newberry College 229 Female Academy 230 Sumter. St. Joseph’s Academy 291 FRUITS AND FLOWERS. Greenville. Garraux, E 110 FERTILIZERS. Newberry. McCaughrin, A. J 237 Spartanburg. Walker. Fleming & Co 155 Kirby, A. H. & Son 194 Union. Nicholson, W. A 206 FURNITURE DEALERS. Greenville. Dantzler & Mackey 8S Turner, J. C. C SS Spartanburg. Mills, L. A. & Co 161 GENERAL MERCHANDISE. Abbeville. Cunningham & Templeton 137 Knox, J & Co 138 Smith, J. W. & Son 133 Wardlaw & Edwards 13s White Bros 132 Anderson. Barr, W. F 251 Bleckley, Brown & Fretwell 216 Crayton, B. F. & Sons 244 Ligon, W. S. & Co 249 Greenville. Briggs, Mills & Go 116 Ferguson. T. B 113 Slattery, John 71 Newberry. Martin, J. N. & Co 226 McWhirter, G 233 Ramage, B J 237 Orangeburg. Bull & Scovill 266 Gornelson. G. H 265 Inabinet, J. A 271 Owen, B. B 271 Spartanburg. Floyd, A. C 195 Lee, J. A. & Son 173 Sumter. Monaghan. R. P 294 Moran, M 293 O'Donnell & Co 297 Reid, J 288 Union. Colton, J. E 217 Gee, R. T 210 Rice & McClure 2U9 Roberson & Grimball 208 Wallace, W. C 218 Camden. Arthur, W. L. & Bro 317 Villepigue, P. T 218 GROCERS. Greenville. Allen, R. E & Bro 105 Duncan & Patton 69 Ferguson & Miller. 67 Finlay Bros 89 Goodwin, J. A 107 Lipscomb & Russell 75 Wright, A. B. & Son US Orangeburg. Brunson, C. P 272 DeMars, F 273 Spartanburg. Burnett & McDowell 191 Carlisle A- Cofield 195 Reid & Liles 163 Wingo, W. J 1S4 Union. Fant, McKissick & Co 214 Farr A Thomson 215 HARDWARE. Greenville. Williams, J. T. & Co 66 Wilkins, Poe & Co 74 Newberry. Peoples & Johnson 227 Spartanburg. Cannon, W. C 172 Diiling, Baker & Co 167 Ezell, S. B 175 Union. Fant, McKNsiCk & Co 214 B’oster & Wilkins 205 ICE FACTORY. Spartanburg. Hallett, W. B. & Co 170 INSURANCE AGENTS. Greenville. Ferguson, T. B 113 Gower & Reilly 6(1 Smith, J C 86 Newberry. Scott, E A 231 Werber, F., Jr 232 Orangeburg. Robinson, K. & Bro 271 Spartanburg. Elford, J. M 174 Walker, Fleming & Co 155 Sumter. White, A 296 Union. Goss & Stokes ... 214 JEWELERS. Greenville. Snider, S. M 92 Newberry. Scholtz, E 233 Spartanburg. Henneman, J. 4 163 McMillian, J. W 179 HOTELS. Abbeville. Commercial 144 Hill, A. M. & Sou 137 Anderson. Fowler, J. S 254 Carden. DeKalb House 319 Latham, S. B " ’ 315 Charleston. Waverly House 2 Greenville. Exchange 114 Newberry. Blease, H. H 238 Chase, C. C ’ 231 Spartanburg. Windsor, W C. Hewiit 19u Sumter. Jervey House 297 Union. Gibbes, W. M 214 HARNESS MAKERS. Greenville. Heldmann, G 10 s Orangeburg. Noland. J. C 27S Spartanburg. Heldmann, M ]S 9 HEALTH RESORTS. Spartanburg. Glenn Springs 175 LAWYERS. Abbeville. Benet, W C ] 3 i Calhoun. O. T 134 Cason, S. C 140 DeBruhl, M. P 140 Gary. E. B 131 Gray don, E. G 133 Klugh, J. C 141 Lee, W. A 136 Lyon, .T. F 143 McGowan, S 12 s Parker, W. H 131 Anderson. Brown W S 252 Frierson & Mittison 254 Prince, G. E 253 Seuddy, H G 248 Tribble, J. L 252 Camden. Hay. J. T 316 Kershaw. Judge 307 Shannon, W . M 319 Trantbam & Winkler 217 Greenville. Ansel, M. F Ill Blythe, A 10.4 Donaldson. J. Q, 100 McBee.E. A 113 Nix. J. T 116 Perry, W. H 108 Stokes & Irving 100 Waiie, W L 106 Wells & Orr 79 Westmoreland. G Ill W lhams.W. A US N ewberry. Caldwell, J. F 223 Classified Business Index. 325 Oulbreath, ,T. Y 235 Goggans & Herbert 235 Johnstone, G 224 Jones, J. B 232 Jones ,v Jones 228 Moorman, T. S 231 Mower, G S 23b Pope Y. J 223 Werber, F 232 Orangeburg. Dibble A C 273 Glaze, W.L 276 Glover, J 2811 Glover, M 26.9 Izlar J. F 269 Moss, B. H 274 Kaysor, T. M 274 Spartanburg. Bobo k Carlisle 185 Duncan, I). R 170 McCrary, S. T. 196 Thomson. J. S. R 171 Wilson, S 192 Sumter. Beard. W. T 297 Blandine, J. D 288 Earle, J. H 289 Fraser, Judge 2S7 Unio v. McKissiek. I. G 211 S" edman. J. B 213 Wallace, Judge 2U4 LIYERY AND SALE STABLES. Abbeville. Hill, A. M. & Son 137 Russell, L H 140 Anderson. Fowler, J. S 254 Camden. Latham, S. B 315 Newberry. Poole, J. P 226 Orangeburg. Slater, E. F 270 Spartanrurg. Tanner, A 1S2 Sumter. Graham, W. M 295 MACHINE WORKS, Greenville. McDonald, R. M 102 Spartanburg. Cantrell, F. k Co 1 65 Fowler & Robison 187 MONUMENTAL WORKS. Greenville. Clark, A 119 Spartanburg. Geddes, Jno 1SS MASON. Grant, J 210 NEWSPAPERS. PRINTING OF- FICES AND BOOKSELLERS. Anderson. Intelligencer 247 Journal 253 Greenville. Enterprise and Mountaineer 115 Felton, H. J 94 Newberry. Herald 237 News 237 Observer 236 Orangebuig. Times and Democrat 273 Spartanburg. Cofield, Petty & Co 193 Herald 181 Spartan 190 Trimmier, T. J 180 Sumter. Advance 293 Union. Times 216 OFFICIALS. Abbeville. DnPre. J. F. C 142 Lynn, ,T. F 143 Parks, J. T 144 Perrin, J. W 143 Zeigler, M. G 143 Anderson. Daniels, J. W 249 Humphreys, W. W 250 I,igon. T. C 250 McConnell,.!. H 261 Tribble, M. P 250 Camden. Clvhurn, S. C 315 Haile. C. 0 320 Sill, E. E 320 Greenville. Pnnthit, S. J 112 Gilbreath, P D 112 Robertson, M. K 117 Newberry.' Fair, J, S 237 Nance, J. K 236 Wheeler, D. B' 236 Newberry'. Pope, S 235 Orangeburg. Hydrick, A S 275 Wannamaker, W. C 276 PLANING MILLS. Greenville. ( lagle, J. W 78 Newberry. Aull, J. L. k Son 235 RICE MILLS. Orangeburg. Banks k Smith 268 SASH, DOORS AND BLINDS. Greenville. Gower k Reilly 60 Gilreath, Harris & Co 7 « Shumate, Grady & Nichols ..S 3 Spartanburg. Mills, L. A 16] SALOONS. Abbeville. McGettigan, Tbos 114 Anderson. Drennan. W. I 249 O'Donnell, Jno 248 Greenville. Black, G 117 Pool, J. N 118 SEWING MACHINES. Camden. Young, G. G . 314 Spartanburg Hill k Dean 183 Orangeburg. Albergotti. J S 277 Brunsnn, G. W 26 Izlar, P. P , 276 Robinson, . I. F 276 Salley, A. M 277 Wannamiker, L. H 277 Webster, E. A 27S Spartanburg. Bacon, E 192 Bla^singhame. J. H 191 Chapman B. B 192 Flovd, H. D 192 Nicholls, G. W 191 Sumter. Cnt.tino, W H 291 D-lgar, W. R 290 Walsh, T V 2P0 Whitiemore, J. A 295 Union. Duncan, D P 212 PAPER MILLS. Greenville Greenville 101 PHYSICIANS. Abbeville. Gary, E F 135 Hill, L.T 141 Greeeville. Jones. W. R 101 1 iorrnh, J.F 101 Wright, W. E 110 STOCK FARMS. Anderson. Generostee 245 Camden. McDowall, J. D 313 Greenville. Millsdale 115 Spartanburg. Mills, L. A 160 STORAGE. Greenville. Gilreaih, Harris k Oo 76 Gower & Reilly 60 STOVES, CROCKERY AND TIN- WARE. Greenville. Burbage. S. P 107 Cook, J. A 104 Gilreath k Patton 70 Newberry. Wright, W. T 234 Orangeburg. Willcock, W 272 Spartanburg. McCorkle, J. G 189 Union. Rodger, J. H 210 K P P O P i THE LEADER OF LOW PRICES, f § Wholesale and Retail Dealer in ■o - — sALL VARIETIES AND STYLES OFs=m. Ladies’, Gents’, Misses’ and Children’s O TS, SHOES AND Drl/Ek o w FINE HAND AND MACHINE MADE SHOES JJ » — | -A. SPECIALTY. W P < > —ONLY EXCLUSIVE DEALER IN ALL ORDERS BY MAIL PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. J ISOLICITA CALL AND CORRESPONDENCE MAIN STREET, ) — ) Next Door to J. T. TVIIjI IAMS * CO.. <* GENERAL INDEX ABBEVILLE. Benet, W.C 131 Calhoun, O. T 134 Cason, S. C 140 Coogler, Mrs 144 Cothran, W. S. & Co 142 Cunningham & Templeton 137 DeBruhl M P 141 linpre, J. F. C 142 Gary, E. B 131 Gary, F F 135 Graydon, E. G 133 Haddon, R M. & Co 136 Hill, A. M. & Sous 137 Hill, L.T 141 Klugh, J. C 14! Knox. ,T. & Co 13S Lee, W. A 136 Lyon, J. F 143 McGowan, Judge 12S McGettigan, T 144 Parker W. H 130 Parks, J. T 144 Penny, W. T 139 Perrin. J. W 143 Russell, L H 140 Seal, Mcllwain & Co I3f Smith, W. J. & Son 133 Speed & Lowry 140 Wardlaw & Edwards 138 White Bros 132 Wilson, H. D 142 Zeigler, M. G 143 ANDERSON. Arnstein, M. B 252 Barr, W. F 251 Bleckley, Brown & Fretwell 246 Brown, W. S 252 Crayton, B. V . & Sons 244 Daniels, J. W 249 Drennan. W. I 249 Fowler J S 254 Frierson & Mattison 254 Generostee Stock Farm 245 Humphreys, W. W 250 Intelligencer , 247 Johnston, A. P 253 Journal 253 Ligin, W. S. & Co- 249 Ligon, T. C 250 McConnell, J. H 251 National Bank 251 O’l'onnell Jno 248 Prince, G. E 253 Scnddy, H. G 248 Tribble, J. L 252 Tribble, M. P 250 CAMDEN. Alexander, I. H 321 A' thur W. L. & Bro 317 Clvburn, S. C 315 Clyburn Wm 321 DeKalb House 319 Dunlap, C. J 3 1 S Haile. C.C 320 Hay. J. T 316 Kennedy, R. M 312 Kennedy & Williams 318 Kershaw, Judge 311 Latham, S. B 315 McDowall. J. D 313 w hannon, W. M . . .- 319 Sill, E. E 32n Smith, A. R 320 Trantham & Winkler 317 Villepigue, P. T 318 Young, G. G 314 CHARLESTON. Biller’s Pye House 21S Bristol T~ M. & Son 127 Chapman, C. H 28o Dotterer, L. P 285 Lucas & Richardson 322 Melnnes, B. Jr 23S Waverly House 2 COLUMBIA. Hamilton, F. M 243 GREENVILLE. Abell & Morgan 78 Allen, R. E & Bro . . 105 Ansel, M. F Ill Bailey. J. C 115 Black, G 117 Blythe, A 109 Briggs, Mills & Co 116 Bacot. D. T. & Co Ido Bank National 90 Brown, J. R 114 Burbage, S. P 107 Cagle, J. W 78 Capers. E 94 Clark, A 119 Cook J. A 104 Dantzler & Mackey 88 David, C. A 103 Dickson, J. M 92 Donaldson, T. Q 100 Dorroh, J F ldl Dou hit, S. J 112 Duncan & Patton 69 Exchange Hotel 114 Felton H. J 94 Ferguson & Miller 67 Ferguson, T. B 113 Finlay Bros . 89 Fiizgerald, J. C 119 Furman University SO Garraux, E llo Gilreath & Patton 7n Gilreaih. Harris & Co 76 Gilbreath. P. D 112 Goodwin, J A 107 Gondwin, J P 70 Gower & Reilly 61 Greenville Coach Factory 72 Greenville Conservatory of Music 85 Greenville Female College 84 Heldmann G 108 H"vey & T'-wnes 63 Huguenot Mills 77 Jones. W. R 101 Lipscomb th Russell 75 MacDonald, R. M 102 McKay, M. A 109 McBee, E. A 113 Millsdale 115 Morgan, J. H. & Bro 102 Mtttidv, J. A 9S Nix, J. T 116 Perrv, W. H 108 Piedmont M’f’g Co 64 Poole. J. N H8 Poe, F. W. & Co 90 Robertson, M. K 117 Schlapback, H 114 Shumate. Grady & Nichols 93 Slattery. J 71 Smart. R. D 99 Smith, J. O 86 Snider, S. M - 92 Stokes & Irving 100 Stadley & Barr 104 Steen, Thos 120 Turner. J. C. C 88 Wait, W. L 106 Walter, F. A 91 Weil, 1 87 Wells & Orr 79 Westmoreland Bros 68 Westmoreland, G Ill Wilkins, Poe & Co 74 Williams, J. T, & Co 66 Williams, W. A - 118 Woodward & Son 106 Wright, W. E 110 Wright, A. B. & Son U8 NEWBERRY. Anil, J. L. & Son 235 Bank National 225 Blease, H. H 238 Caldwell. J. F. J 232 Cline. B. II 228 Cloud & Smith 233 Cotton Mill 225 College 229 Cttlbreath, J. Y 235 Fair, J. S 2.37 Fant, S. F ,, 227 Female College 230 Foot, M 234 Goggans & Herbert 235 Herald 237 Hotel 231 John~tone. Geo 224 Jones, J. B 232 Jones & Jones. 228 Martin, J. N. & Co 226 McCanghrin. A. J 237 McWhirter, Geo 233 Moorman, T. S 231 Mow. r, G. S 230 Nance, J. K 236 News 237 Observer 236 Peoples & Johnson 227 P-.pe, Y. J 2 3 Pope, S 235 Poole, J. P 226 R image, B J 237 Sc.holiz, E 233 Scott, E A 231 Tarrant. W. T 233 Werber, F. Jr 232 Wheeler, D. B 236 Wright, W. T 234 General Index. ORANGEBURG. Albergotti, J. S 277 Banks & Smith 268 Brunson, 0 P 272 Brunson, G. W 261 Brunson & Dibble 270 Bull & Scovill 266 Copes, R 270 Oornelson, G. H 261 DeMars, F 273 Dibble, A. C 273 Doyle, P 272 Epstin, D 278 Galphin, T. M 275 Glaze, W. L 276 Glover, M 2b9 Glover, J 280 Hvdrick, A. S 275 Inabinet, J. A .. 271 Iziar, J F 269 Izlar, P. P 276 Kohn H 268 Kohn, T 272 Moss, B. H 274 Noland’s Saddlery 278 Owen, B B 271 Ravsor, T. M 274 Raysor. T ... 274 Robinson, K. Jt Bro 271 Robinson J. F 27s Salley, A. M 277 Slater, E. F 270 Stokes, J. E 275 Times and Democrat 273 Van Orsdell 277 Wannamaker, L. H 277 Wannamaker, .T G 267 Wannamaker, W. 0 276 Web. -ter, E A 278 Willcoek, W 272 Wolfe, L. S 275 SPARTANBURG. Bacon, E 192 Bank, Naiional 180 Blasstnghame, J. II 191 Bobo & Carlisle 185 Bowden, Earle & Oliphant, 173 Boyd, M. P 193 Burnett & McDowell 191 Cannon, W. O- 172 Cantrell, F. & Co 165 Carolina Spartan 190 Carlisle & Cofield 195 Chapman, B. B 192 Clifton Manufacturing Co 156 Cloud. J S. & Co 164 Cofield, Petty & Co 193 Dilling, Biker & Co 167 Duncan. D. R 170 Elford, J. M . . 174 Ezell, S B 175 Floyd, H, D 192 Floyd, A C 195 Fowler & Robison 187 Frieslebi-n. A 194 Ge des, J. & Co 184 Geddas, Jno 18a Glendale Cotton Mill 159 Glmn Springs 175 Hall, J 195 Hallett, W. B. &Co. 17u Heldmann, M 189 Henneman, J. A 163 Hdl & Dean 183 Hill & Dawkins 181 Kirby, A. H. & Soil 194 Lee, J. A. & Son 173 Life Medicine Company 193 Ligon, H. A. 186 McCrary. S. T 196 McCorkle. ,T. G 189 McMillian, J. W. ... 179 Mills, L. A 160 Mouzon. S. C 185 Ntcholls, G. W 191 Pacolet Manufacturing Co 1 61 Reid & Liles 163 Sehockley. B. F 186 Sloan, J. H.& Co 194 Smith. F. S . J 84 Tanner A 182 Thomson, J. S. R 171 Topaz Cinchona Cordial 166 Trimmier, T. .T 180 Walker Fleming & Co 155 Williams, T. A 186 Wilson, S 193 Wingo, W. J 184 Windsor Hotel 19u SUMTER. Advance 293 Bank, National 293 Beard. W. T 297 Bianding, J. D 288 Bnltman & Bro 2 j4 China, A. J 296 Cuttino, W. H 291 Delgar, W. R 290 Earle, J. H 289 Fraser, T. B 287 Graham, W. M 295 Jervey. J. E 297 Lowry, H. A 296 Monaghan, R. P 294 Moran, M 293 O'Donnell & Co 297 Reid, John 2SS St. Joseph’s Academy 291 S'ttbbs, C E 292 Wal-h, T. V 290 White, A 296 Whittemore, J. A 295 UNION. Colton, J. A 217 Duncan, D. P 212 Fant, McKissick & Co 214 Farr & Thomson 215 Flynn, D C 213 Foster & Wilkins 2fi5 Gee, R. T 210 Goss & Stokes 214 Grant, Jas 210 Hotel, Union 214 McKissick, I. G 211 Meador, L. E 217 Nicholson. W A 2nd Posey, J, W. & Bro 215 Rice it McLnre 209 Robertson & Grimball 208 Robinson & Allen 217 Rodger, Jno 207 Rodger, J. H 210 Steedman, J. B 213 Times 216 Wallace, Judge 204 Wallace, W. C 218 WEST END DRUG STORE. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRUGGISTS, WEST GREENVILLE, S. C. See Page 105. WHOLESALE! AND RETAIL DEALERS IN Guns, Cutlery, Mechanics’ Tools, Builders’ and Manufacturers’ Supplies, Machinery, Saw Mills, Corn Mills, The Latest Improved Agricultural Implements. SEPAEATOES, FAEM ENGINES, COTTON GINS, ETC., ETC. Charleston Veterinary Infirmary, 37 Queen Street, Charleston, S. C. Charleston Veterinary Infirmary, 37 Queen St., Charleston, S. C. S AND MOUNTAINEER. ? i i V) 2 HA Conservative Journal, anil Reflex of Popular Events — | croHTTsr c. bailex, Ecaj-tox*. Z GREENVILI.E, - - SO. Oik. > 2 A NINE COLUMN FOLIO. SIZE 28x44 INCHES. BOTH SIDES pi |- PRINTED AT HOME. (/> “ ¥l\e Oldest Weekly Comity Paper ii\ Bo. Ca. E 5 ^ADVERTISING RATES' HIGH ^ ? TRY IT AWHILE! TRY IT AWHILE! FOR THE LIVER m KIDNEYS. Jk 'WWMmT&MEM OQMPQTOO. Regulates the Stomach, Liver and Kidneys, Purifies the Blood, Strengthens, and Gives Tone to the Whole System. SOLD IN 50 CENTS AND $1.00 BOTTLES. ESTABLISHED 60 YEARS. $2.00 PER ANNUM. CIRCULATION 1700 BENJY MelNiNES, Jr, °° Uand> PROPRIETOR. BENJ. McINNES, Jr., PROPRIETOR. Date Due Jul2*3BA Wf /{nMkPJuhr * 12 WAG, J" Aug >8 l Oct 1 3 M2&&. s - - - ■ a? ?)Tr 3BW 3 cr 2 7 '47 l D00781010H 975.7 H673 v.3 307440