DUKE UNIVERSITY DIVINITY SCHOOL LIBRARY FRANK BAKER COLLECTION OF WESLEYANA AND BRITISH METHODISM Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 m https://archive.org/details/templemusickoresOObedf T H E Cemple |$lni!tk : O R, A N ESSAY Concerning the Method of SINGING THE PSALMS oiDAVID, TEMPLE. Before the Babyhnifh Capivity^ WHEREIN, The Mufick of our Cathedrals is Vindicated, and fuppofcd to be Conformable^ not oniy to that , of the Vrimitivi Chrijiians^ but alfo to the fraclkc of the Church in all preceding Ages. By Arthur Bedford^ Chaplain to His Grace iVrictheJly Duke of Bedford-^ and Vicar of Temple^ in the City of Briflol. Pfal. 137. 3, Sing m one of th: Songs of Zhn» Union, Printed and Sold by H. Mortlock,-, at the Fhcenix \n Sfo Paul's Cburck-Tsrd', J, Walfh m Catkcme flreet, dcjt the Strand 'j and Antb.' Fiefly n^ZT Sc. Marfs Church \n (JxfQxd* 1706, THE -^""i-ftl PREFAG T H E Defiga of the follow- ing Sheers is to Oiew the Manner of Performing che Temple Mufick by the Jtl^s^ before cHey were carried away Captives into Babylon: and alio chiC this their (Practice was agreeable^ not only with chat of our Cathedrals | but al- fo with that of che ^rimtttye Chrifii- ms^ and the Ages before tfte Law, even from the Time \^hea Mufick was firft invented by JitbaL The Silence of all Jnthors^ buih Jav^ and Chn/tians^ aad the Differmce of 0'^- The Preface. nions in thofe few Hints which they give us, tender it uncapable of be- ing fully Demooftrated : infomuch, that in a Subjed of this Nature, no^^ thing can be expefted but Probable Jrj^mmnts ^ and whether what I fhall ofier will amount to this or not, is left to the Judgment of the Impartial T\X'ader. In fome particular Cales, I have only given my private Opinion | i^herein it I fhall be found to be MiftakeOj I do not think my felf obliged to vindic;itc the fame, but ihall rather be thankful for a bet* ter Information : and I fuppofe an Error of this Nature may be more eafiiy Qxcukdy as being neither con* tr ary to Scripture^ or any Bcclefiajli^ cal Determinamn^ nor of any ill Con- fecjuence either to Church ox State. I iuppole that the C/;^;|j^^r concern-- in^ the Tales of the ffaims may be The Preface. mofl: liable to ExceptionSj becaufe it gives an Account of them very diffe- rent from what we find in otlier Jh" thors ; but I hope, that what is iienti^ oned in the Beginning thereof^ will be a Sufficient Jpolo^y for the Whole : otherwifej I clefire the Reader to for- bear his Cenfpirs ( if he accidentaliy fiiould read the fame) until he hath regularly perufed what is contained in all the Preceding Q?apters. If any think, that what I have of- fered maybe ul'efulto VindkatQ the Practice of our Cathedrals from die Prejudices which fon:ie have taken a- gaiail the Man?icr of their Smihicr^ and their Chantijig 7unef^ or to pro- mote the Study of the Il hreH^ Lan-- guage ^ I fliall reckon the frnali Pains which I have taken, to be greatly Rewarded. \\ it fliould be other- v?ife j I am latisfied, chat theie are A 3 othei: She Preface. other Arguments, abundantly fuf^ ficient to prove both the Lawfulnefs^ and Expediency of thcOnCj ^nd alfo the Grest Ufefuhefs of the Other. THE T H E CONTENTS. CHAP, L F the Original and Trogre/s^^of Mufick.^ frcm the Time of Ju- bal, until the Time of Mofes^ in Chal« CHAP/ IL Of the State of Mafick amon^ the Jews, and the TerfeBion ' thereof^ in (fympiirifon of that among:.ti)i^ Greeks and Latins. 1 6 CHAP, HL Of their <.%idnm' of '.Sin (^i nor . ^h:re- in itir proved. That their cMclhod w'ts The Goo tents. hh to that of our Cathedrals. Firft^ from the TraBice of the Primitive Chri* ftians, iWich they received from the Jews^ and fecondly^ From the UniVerJal ^ra- Elice of the Modern Jews, ^hlch they received from their Anceftors. 47 CHAP. lY^ of the Qrcumflmces chferVed in C H A P. V. Of the Kjnds of Yctfcs^ or Focfy^ ufed m the Plalins. 91 CHAP. Yl Of the Opinion^ ThtU the Pfalms wen 'Written hi Metre, like the Latin andGittk -Poets. 108 CHAR VIL Of ihe Opinion^ That the Pfalms' i^ere lyritten m Rhyme 5 "ii/berein Le Clerc's The GontentSo Clcrc's Notion is confuted^ and it is proved^ That the Hebrew Bible war not altered^ or tranfpofed by Tranfcri- bers - lut that the Copies ^hich we 7iow have are JuthenticL ii6 CHAP. VIIL of the Nature of the Aicents. 1 5 7 CHAP. IX. Of the Tit\tsa7id Infcriptions of the PfalmSj and the Halleiujah, together whhthe Selah, Crc. at the End of fe- yeraj VerleSo 165 CHAP. X. That cur Englifli T/alms^ &c. wHl bear Inch a SHethod of Singings l^hich can he fufpofed of the Jews, togethtr with the Improyment of feyeral Tarts. 2 op CHAR Tli^ Contents. CHAP. XL The Conclufion ; conta'mhig^ Firft^ ji Frndicatiori of the S^ of Sing- ingufi'd in the Czthc dtg^g ^mi-Scc ond^ ]y, An Exhorlation to th Study of the Hebrew Language^ , and : Oriental 'Learning, 217 A A Table of the H^hre^^ Chaldee^ and ^abbinkal Words ^ and alfo forae Sentences of the Old TeftamentyWhkh are mencioned in this Treatife. 1UD (where is the Glofy') i Sam. 4. 21. Pag, 43 nn;£?nnT« Ffal, -^. Title. 172 in a Tir/d- inftead of 170 mn*'' D^n^K Pfai. 5c. 25-2 n^nk;n ^8 Pfal. 57. Title J90 V\.:it\\^ An Accent, i^i^ i6a. S'7n8 nin^n inn b ^ni;^ D^n'7K3 Pfal ' ^6. 10. 252 ''nirjji Habak. 3. 19. 179 Ezra. 2. 3, &c. 148 Singing Boys. 47, 76 -Q C/;^/^/. Pfal. 2. 12, 139 a^n^^ Gen. 1,1. 252 fk INDEX, fvm PfaL 8. Title. pag. 171 |i^Jin 194 nbo iv^n PfaL 9. 17. ibid„ rV^H^^ 182 ^Tnoyn ExoA 9. 16. 250 rvmtn PfaL 6. Titk 31, 174 ChalJ. Dm. 5, 5. 5 ^inji^pt Jn JcceuL 15.8,' |1t3p ^,pt ^^(S"^;??. ibidC- ]-inn'' PfaL 75«; Title. i^9> ninnr Pfal 46. Title. 191 a^i^^ nin"« Gen. 2« 4, 252 -im nin^ ?i'iib!5is n^n^ Deut. 6. 4. ifaid. a^ptm Q^jsi n^r PfaL 56. Title 173 ^^D-CT The Red Sea.. 12 Ik INDEX, a An Affix. pag, 140 ^^3in^ Pfal. 3 8. . Title 189 an*? Exod, 15. 22. 84 m2Bb Title. 1743 17^5 183 nsj^ I Chron. 15.21.. 174 nljy'? Pfal 88. Titk 192 o .]2^7 niQ Pfal. 9. Title« 1^2 ^IQID P^'^-'* 3' Title. 1 16^ ■ niOiD 30- Title. ibid rhm Pfal. 53- Title. 171 nliyb n^no Pfal 88. Title. 1^2 QH^Q Pfal 16. Title. 189 ^^"i^tZJO Pfal 32. Title^ and Pfal 47^ Ver£ 7, 187. niQUJQ Nell. 12. 24. I Chroa 25. 8. 80 mm r^ym Neh. ti. 17. 74 The INDEX, 2 Sam. 6.5. pag. 51 ^4^:l} ChaU. ^ ^ 195 n3^;j PfaL6i. Title. 171 nir;j 8 nir;: Pfal. 4, and 6. Title. 171 rri^^ni. Pfal 5. Title. 17c Pfal i5e 5, 250 MD:3D ChaU. Xccfj^l^u^n' Dan. 5, 10, 15. ii8 plTD An Accent. 16^ rn73 ■ ■ 193 n^iy An Organ. 32 in a Title, 168 nla^y Pfal. 4^., Title. - 175 r^? Sma-. 87 q-be IND E:-X. ■^V^ Afoem Rabbink. pag. 115 |nn2D2 Chald. ^^GLMie/^v. Dan. 5^ 10, 15- ' ' ^^ras An Accent. 15 8 nnK ^lp 2 Chron. 5. 13^ 55 Dim^ G'/:?/^!/^. Ki<^^e^. Dan, g. 5, I a 15. 118 ntyp 2 Sam. i. 18. • ■ 166 m^nnn t^^"^ Neh, 11. 17. 74, 185 aniTOn ^TOi Neh» 12* 46, 75 S,!^ ChalL A Que 671, Pfal. 45, 140 Pfai: 7. Title. • _ 179, 185 pWroj HabaLChap. 3. Titko ibid. nntzJT niti; Ecclef. 2. 8. 59 fvY^y itLJits? Pfal 60. Title. 177 Pial 45. Title. 175 .nry Pfel- 80. Title. 178 A Song, 113 n^ti; Pfal. 45- Title. 185 IIDIQ TUJ Pfal. 48- Title. 187 The INDEX. n^byan Tisf Pfal 120, 6cc. Title, pag. 55 CD^f^^^tr; I Sam. 18.6. 24, 176 r\'ym Pfal, 6. Title. ^ 31, 174 Mtyonnio I Chron, 15. 22, 27. 74.1^5 n 'li^n- An Accent, 158 ^in ^ Timbrel ^ a'^sn Ttfnbreb. I Sam* 18. 6. 24 Tsm ATmhrel • J ^ynn ^"^^"^ onyrpn npnnny-ipn. . , 72 r-iit^n CZ^'^// ramn 230 nnn . ^ THE THE C H A t. L Of the Origirial and frogrefs of Mufick^ from the Tinte ^ Jubal, until the Time of Mofes/ 7*^ Ghaldea, Idumea W E- ^ gypt; ji^*^Oncerning any of the Sev(sn Li- W heral Arts and Sciences^ we find ^ ^^^^ little Account in the Holy j ^l^m^ Scriptures except Mufick^ if I that alone was dedicated by Ge^s/ himfelf to his more iiiimediate Praite and Glory* I The Heathen Wbrld had great Difputesrela- ; ting to the firft Inventer thereof ^ but here i we find it to be of a more early Date than they did ever imagine 5 I for Ca) JuM, the ftventh ^ ^"^^ ^ ! from Ada?n ( and therefore the more remarkable) wi- recorded to be I the Father of all fuch as handled the Harp \^nd Orgath -'--'^ _ B- When :2 The Tdfftple MuficU. Chap, i. When hiftrumental Muftck was firft in- vented^ there is no room to doubt hutFocal was (at leaft) contemporary with it, and as fuhl (wno was of the Pofterity of Cain) invented the one^ fo tt: was the Be^ lief of the Baftem.Nathm^ tftat either the fame Perfon, or (^t leaft) one of the fame Family (who were all extind.at the Flood) invented the other. This is the Rea- fon (as (^) aleatned Arabian iha}a UHi ^^^^ long fidce obferved) that figrL%ynZ ^ Song in S^riack is called (cj 0grm Edi' Cinta]^ . ^nd a GiA who is si iione focoG^ Singer is in Arabick ftiled l^nL fag. Cainat'^ and it is farther f cf ^4Wp -obfervable, that each of the ^^\^.,-, three Letters in the Hebteu^ ^ ™.*'* w^rd rp ( or Cain) are pre- Terved intire in both thefe Languages, that fo we might more certainly know from \^hence thefe Words are derived^ and from whom Vocal Mufick ( being the thing fignified by them) did alfo take it$ j Original. . \ Let us then fuppofe t\i2it Mufick being tJius \ invented by Jubal might in -all Probabili- ty before his Death be known unto ¥oah and as he inftrufted his Family in other things, fo allS in this 5 and therefore wlim the World was repeopled after the Flpod, Chap. I . The Temple Muftch 5 it is not improbable thdxjapbet^ as well Ham^ inftituted the fame in Babylon r ^ when the Tower was erefted) where it was retained by the Chaldeans-^ and after this , when Ham and the OfF-fpring of his Son came into Egypt ^ Mf/ick^ with other Arts, was tranfplan-^ ted thither together with the Inhabi-- taiits^ and here preferved , not only until^ but aifo long after the Time of Mofes\ and confequtotly the Mufwk of the gyptians in thofe Days (giving an Al- lowance for fome Alterations according ! to the Humour of different Ages and 1 Countries, and alfo for their farther Im- i provements) did in great meafure referable I that which was firft invented by Jubah i and if the Temple Service refembled the \ Mufick of the Egyptians , and our Catbe^ drab do in this (at leaft) imitate the Temple^ then is it evident that we have ftjll among us. a Remainder of the greateft Antiquity which the World affords. To render all this as probable as the I Nature of it will bear, (which is the Subjed of this prefent Difcourfe) it is jrequifite to confidcr that the Land of Chaldea (of which Shinar^ or the Plains of Babylon^ is a Part) was a Coun- f Itry moft remarkable for its Antiquity, ; ' " ' ^ B 2 Thert 1: ' A The Temple. Mitfich. Chap. There was {e) the Garden of Faradtfe where our firfl Parents tilled the Ground. When . Adaniv^Ti^ driven 'frorii thence, Sit ^^dt^ ^ probable that he tra- Ejthi/rh'shi" veiled into fa^^^ f^ory of the caufe this was ("/J a Puniffi- World* nient inflided on Cam foT ttiQ ^^l; ' Murtherof^^^ And Gett, t. 8, 1 5 if we c^^n only fuppofe that the , ( / ) C7e//.4. Sons of Seth^ upon their marry- \ See ^"ST^-) with the Daughters of : fgil^s Syn^h learnt from t%Ti the Skill' ^fis Cfiiko' Mufic^ which Jxibal inven- f urn in Gtn. tM, or that this wias ^' Charm s to induce them into an Affiility with that Wkked Race 5 then we tiiay; conclude that Voalf hzd. alfb {bme| Knowledge bt the fame, together withi his Faniily , and that: the Mufidk of the Old World was alfo 'pradifed by thofe who then inhabited the Plains of Baijlon. Whfenthe\^^afefs of the Flood abated, the Ark of reHkA upon that part of the Mountains of Jr/?r^r, which was! FalTt' - ^^^^^^ ^ Name of j HiRpry V^) Ta^iints^ or CaUcafiisjDctwctn the World, the Eafi-Indies aiid Scythia ^ Book I . aiid thereupon the Sons of m ^4? ^^"^ *e Fruitfbl- nefs of the Land of Shtnar mad^i Chap. I. The Teniple Mufak. % made fo much Haft to come thither again^ that they journey 'd (?) from the Eaft for that Purpofe ^ and fO^'^. iV as both Ham and Japhet caihe ' ^* thither in order to people tlje more We- ftern Countries, fo they brought' with them the Learning, and CQnfequently tht Maffick of the Old World : and the PilJars and Monuments of Antiquity, which might be found upon their coming to a Lahd-f6r^ merly inhabited, cpuld not but be of grefr Ufe to refrefli their Memories, and 'induce- them to communicate their Arts and Scien- ces to Pofterity. As therefore the Land of ChaU^a/w^s inhabited by tltmroJ and his Aflbciates ever fince the firft Building of the Tower , and tlie Confiifion of Languages^ aild as the' Chaldeans were originally famous 'for their Learning, efpecially for Aftrpnomy, having greater ppportunities to make their Obfer- vationsofthe Stars, than if they had lived in an uneven and mountainous Country ^. fo they were alfo ft illed in Mit- Jjck^ and are mentioned in (K)^^* (^) Scripture as fuch w^hp ufed the Fhite^ Harp^ Sackbut^ Pfal" ffomlQi to iery and Biildmer^ and all Kinds Smg \ figni- of (I) ^onff, as well as In- ^J^^' - Jirment , and therefore either ^^J^^^ ^ ' B 3 they i The Temple Mufwh Chap. i. they invented M^tftck (which the Scripture denies ) or received the Notions thereof from others , and probably from the Sons of Voah (m) In the 352d Year after the Flood Was Abraham born in Ur of the Chaldees^ lying Southward from Babylon^ wfi^^ifhHI ^^^^ ^^^^ Heads of the River Dyn^fsg." Gihon. He lived in Chaldea Sixty Tears^ before he departed f ^) Ibsio thence to dwell in Haran^ and as he had time enough to ac- quaint himfelf with the Learning of that Nation, fo he made good Ufe of the Time which he had* (n) An Arabick Hiftorian fpeaks of the early Senfe he had of the tru€ God, and that when he was fifteen Tears old^ God heard his Vrayers^ and ac- €ordmgIy deftroyed the Birds which devoured the^ Corn in the Land of Chaldea. He was fo great a Hater of Falfe Woriliip, that he burnt an Idol-Tewple^ which his Bro- ther Haran endeavouring to quench^ perified.. m the Attempt ^ and therefore God admo- iiifhed him to fly into another Country. (oj Jofephiis tells us alfo of ^WJcwiih his Skill in the Sciences of A- B9ok t» ' tit'hmetick and Ajlronomy I and Chap* 8^ therefore we need not doubt of his Skill m Mi^fak J or of the early Chap, I. The Tempk Mufick/ j ^ early Care to inftruft his Family in Lear- ning as well Religion. And it appeara, that the Science of was not loft up- on their travelling into forreigri Countries; fince LahM(thc Grandfon of Nahor^ Mra^ hams Brother, who went with ^ him to Haran) (p) could en- [ff^'^'l^* • tertain Jacob with Mkth and * ^ with Songs ^ with Tabret and wHh Harp, While the Children of Ifrael were Stran-^ ^ers in a Land which was not thdrs^ the Idumeans (being (q) the Pofte- rityof his Brother £^^w, who W^^'^^l^ is alfo called' Edom) were a * ^ ' fettled People^ and therefore the Original of their Learning came from the Chaldeam. Now it is evident frpm facred Writ, that they had the Notions of AJlrology ( for which Chaldea was famous ) fince fO >^.and his Friends f^-r^ e (who dwelt in Idtmea') did fpealc of God^ that he made ArQurus^ Orion^ and Pleiades J and the Chambers of the South or (as later Authors term them) the t^&elve Hovfes^ into which the whole Heavens^ but efpecially the Ecliptick Line (being Southward from thpfe parts of the World as well as from us) is divided: and (f) God alfoafks>^, if hecouW^ (/) ioxmMa^z>arothfivthtrlafiets^ 33, ^. every one of them in his Seafon, And 8 The Tefnple Mufick. Chap. i. Andi^iSthQldumeans borrowed their Know- ledge in Ajlrology from ChaUea-^ fo we may fuppofe that from hence alfo they had that Skill in Muficky which was praftifed among them in the Days of Job^ even many Years before the Time of Mafes -^ and therefore it is remarkable, that they had their (t) nn''Q! 'Songs ^ ox Vocal M%ifick'^ and{f/) 0)>^3©-P» or naW their Tifnbrel (tf)Jobiy.6. m Tahety fuch as Laban the (x) Jok 21, Syrian was acquainted with^ 12. ' and Miriam the Prophetefs Exfl^. 15.20. played upon : they had alfo Job 30. i-jjg^j. ^ Stringed Cy} Job Inflriiments^ {o often mpntiomd •m|o.5i- Titles of the Pfalms^ ^ • ^ ' and therefore, as both they and the Jews had Abraham their Father, fo it is the more eafie to trace the Mnftck of toth Nations from the fame Original. Be^ fides, they had their (/J Harp and Organ^ the Inflriiwents which are exprefly faid to le invented by Jitbalt, and as thefe Inftru- jments were alfo much ufed in the Time of David^ fp we may conclude that th^ Mufick in thefe different Nations, and at thefe different Times, was (as much as poffible) of the fame Nature: For if we could luppofe that their Antient Mujtck w^s loft, we might as well fuppofe that the ~ ■ ^ ..Vk Ch^p. I. T^i^e Tefnple Miifick 9 Ufe of their Jntient Injlniments W2iS ,l6{i With it. And indeed we can hardly ' think that Mofes would have recorded Jfil^al as the Inveivter of Mnjick, if the Mitfwk which he invented was forgotten at that Time. Let us then pafs frorn thofe Countries into Egypt ^ 'and there we lhall find that which wjll be of greater Ufe in our prefent Enquiry, hoth jn refpeft of th^ AntlquHy and Mtifick of that Nation, The Land of £g-^/?f was inhabited in the Himdred and ninety first Tear after the Flood (accord- ing to the Opinion of moft Hiftorians} which was above an Jfwidred Tears before i>foah died 5 and therefore the Traditiors which they received, of him their Fatlier were frefli in their Memories. It was in- habited abovq 2in Himdred aiid fifty Tears before the Birth of Abraham^ and therefore play juftljf challenge a very great Authority in this Matter. ' It was alfo inhabited with- in Sixty Tears after the Difperfion from Ba- bylon^ if (tz) JBerofm hisCloro' ^ s ^ t nology may be depended on, ^^^^ who fuppofeth that the Tower ' was not built until mie Himdred and thirty one IV^^'j- after the Floods and there- fore xh& Antient Mi fick of the Chaldeans might be very eafily tranfplanted froni thence with the Inhabitants into Egypt. ' ' - ^ And 1© The Temple Mufick. Chap. i . And as it was an Ancient Nation, fo it was alfo famous for Mnftck^ in the moft early Times, of which we have any Ac^ count ^ and very probably from the Time that it was firft inhabited. The Learnmg of the in gene- tal is divided by Philo the Jew into four Parts, f viz.) Aithmetick^ Geometry ^ Mu- fck^ and Hieroglyphick Fhihfopby-^ tho* it is ufually divided into four others which are nipre comprehenfive, and indeed ap- plicable to all forts of Learnings namely. Mathematical, Natural^ Divine ^ 2ind Moral : And therefore it feems moft probable that the Egyptians were Ikilled in all 5 but thofe four Parts mentioned by Philo, were thofe in which they did chiefly excel other Nations, and were therefore more particu- larly taken notice of. As to the Mufick of the Egyptians (which is the chief Subjed of our pretent Enquiry) iince they are exprefly faid to have been fkiiled therein, and to be eminent for the fame in thofe early Times 5 fo we have Reafon to think that they ftill retained the Mifjjck, which had been formerly inUfe^and that the Greeks took from them not only their other Philofophy, but alfo this Science^ for which they were fo famous in# after Ages. TheWord MS<^j which fignifies a Chap. I. The Temple Miiftck, is Mufe^ and confequentljr Mwctxt? Mafick is of m Egyptian Derivation, and as from hence they took the Namey fo it is evident that from Hence they took the thing figni- fied thereby. This the Learned (a) Kircher pofitively affirms, Cf) Oedipm and-faith, Jh^t after the Flood ^^^^T^ ' Egyptians were the firfi pag, 121. Revivers of the lost Mufick. For they being taught by Ham, and Miz^ raim his Son^ had made^ fo great an Im- provement thereof that the Word Mufidi, in other Languages^ takes its Etymology or De^vation from the Egyptian Word Moys, which Jignifies Watery hecaufe Mu- fick was fouTid oitt^ or at leasi improved near the ftmding Fools or Marjhes ^/ Nilus, and this Improvement was occafwned by the Reeds or Rujhes which grew there in great ahimdance^ and of which at firfl they made their Trumpets. And therefore he con- cludes, that without doubt Mufick was brought out of Egypt, as appears from, the Egyptian Word Moys^ which figntfies Wa- ter. And in (b) another place he faith, that there are Reeds ^Ji 25?!' and Rujhes in Egypt, from SceP/ia/s whence Mufick took its Origi- Natural Hi« 7ial^ fviice both were hollow^ and ^^J;, ^^^^ might be funded like Horns: ^^^^^^^^^ ' for 12 TmpJe Mnjich Chap* !• for E^gypt having niany Marjhy Countries^ and fuch' Placed where ^ thefe Keeds did gfaw^ and the Inhabitants meeting 'Withl fiiferal Sorts , and hearing by the Blo'iV'- Mg'-'of the Wind into them that they would make fevetal Somds ) took Occa- fwn p'Offt thence , by often Experience ^ to invent their Pt^et aM '^rnni^^ The Mufick which wa^ iri We among them^ they applied* otily to Bivtn^e^^ Woble SulH feBs; acdprding to the Dignity df Its Na~ - ture • infomuch that ifV) Sir ^Becja. -leaker Jialeigh, fpeaking of |gP^-> - their fbur Kiiids of Uatning, itiatical Part, which ^nfas diflmgmjhed into CJeometry , Aftronoiiiy , Arithmetick , dnd Mufick, the jintient Egyipthns exceeded aS Mh^rL Bttt of MuRck they made no other :iccowrtl nor defired farther Knowledge than feerned to them fu'fficient tbmagtnfy their Gdds^ their Kings^ andGood Men. And according;^ ly, this H^^as the only Ufe that the Children of Ifrael made thereof, both in the Wilder- jtiefs, and alfo in the Land of Canaan. The great Quantity of Reedi %hich grew in the River WHus^ and tht HedSeay ( called froni hence-^"^ the Sed'of Reeds ^ Flags ^ ot Stihifpes^ not only gave an Opportunity for tn6 Contwuance and Increafe of Mitftck.^ '-^ ' - ~ ' but Chap. i« The Temple Mitfich 1 3 but alfo jnade it the more Comnioriy that it could not be confined, like the reft of tlieir Learning, to the Priefts alone , fince pf thefe Reeds were niade tJie Pipes which the Shepherds and others at firft ufed. . That they were anciently addifted to Mtifick is alfo evident, fince we are told by an (d) tiijiorianw\io travelled into thbfe Paj;ts» that the Egyptians fang a Song . ' ' like the Greeks , which ihej {4J^fiero^. ca^ed hinus^ 0\in tke '^^p- Jf^^^^^^^^ tian i//w^fw^ JManeroSj ' P^g* 52»| _ was compofed to lament thel)eatb f ^ ) yikkl of the only Son (f their fir H^Kang^ \]bJ^ifS who (as the fame AutliprteUs p^gi^^ us ) was Q^lXtAMenes. (e) Ano- ther Hiftorian informs us, that [ '^ |Apiphanes^ .jK; J md contemporary li^/r/j? Serug, (gJGtn^u. the Grandfon of Ftitgj (f) in 17. whofe Pays the Earth wa;s-^^ . vided, and after him fiicceed^d Pfiara<)h, Son of ^^m'^^, from whom aU the Egyptian Z^w^j-w^r^ Ci^//^^ Pharaoh 5, fd that by com- {)aring of both Authors together, it is pro- babJe that Afphanes and Menes was the fame Perfon, Now it is evident from Qg) Scripture that in Abrahams Time the Kings of Egypt were called by the Name of Yharaoh '^ and therefore they before were a 14 The Temple Mufich Chap. i . ^ People addifted to Mufick^ which makes it the more probable that they might re- tain unto the Time of Mofes , the fame which was in Chaldea^ when Ham and Mizraim came thence into Egypt , and con« fequently fomewhat like unto that whicfe was invented by jubal. " But if, notwithftanding all this, we fiiould ftill fuppofe that the Mujick of the Egyptians had been changed when they firft innabited that Country ^ yet, even in fuch a Cafe, there is room to conjedure that it was again correfted, and regulated accord- ing to the Antient Method, by Abraham's Sojourning among them. He lived Sixty Tears in Chaldea^ and was thereby acquain- ted with the Mufck of that Nation. Af- terward dwelling in Haran^ he there left this Science behind him 3 why then fliould we doubt his carrying the fame into E- lyp^ ^ (^^) Jofephus tells us, (b) Jfwijh tii3.t he retired into Egyipt^ pur- t^i^* /?^/«^ to confer with their PrieJls Chap. 8. concerning their Notions of God^ and either to follow their Be^ lief if they were better^ grounded in the fame than himfelf or to reBify them^ if his Jttdgmefit was better grounded than theirs^ rhat the King gave him leave to confer with the mofl excellent and learned Priejis mon^ Chap. I. The Temple Muftch 15 the Egyptians. That by thefe Conferences he grew into great EJIimation^ in regard of his Virtues^ and was reputed to be a mojl wife and excellent Ferfon. And that he imparted to them the Sciences of Arithmerick and Aftronomy ^ for before Abraham came into Egypt, the Egyptians were altogether ig^ norant of thofe Sciences^ bi4t he brought them from Chaldea into Egypt, and from theme they are derived unto the Greeks. Now tho' we muft not fo far give Credit to Jofephus, as to conclude that before Abra- ham's Time the 'Egyptians were wholly ignorant in thefe Matters 3 yet it is pjo- bable that Abraham in many things reafti^ fied their Judgments, and improved their Skill. And therefore as the Monuments iiear Babylon might reform the Notions of the Chaldeans^ and efpecialy their Sciences^ according to the Pattern of the old World^ io Abraham's ^omg ivito Egypt might re- gulate the ^^jptians in fuch things as thefe, according to the Method which was ufed in Chaldea ^ and confequently their Mufwk li^i^t be the fame in all thofe C H A E 1 6 The Temple Mifftck Ctl A R IL P/ ihe State of Mitfick among the Jews, arid the Terfeaion thereof in compdrtfon of that amofig the Gvttks and hkixri^^ WHEN Mfes was botn in jEgyf^y he wasbred up at G?w>t 5 and when Pharaoh's Daughter adopted hiin for her Son, we are told by an f /zj Hi- ftorian, th^ be wJis cotfimitted l^a ^^^^ ^ Janne^ and Jam- wz^^isl* who wefe eminent for their * Le^min^ arid taught him the . ^ ^"^^ ^rts and Sciences^ ( ^) ^''^' "^ they afterward wifliftood him, (c) Thtlo endeavouring by Magick' to cdnccrjiing counterfeit thofe real Mirades Maf^^^'^^^ which he had Wrou^t among B^k j. &^ lgyptiansy (t} Hih the ^ , . J^w.^Qs US this account of his Education^ 1 hat iv^ W^dup like the Son of ^ King^ and -they pfffcured for him Teachers from other Parts ^ fome toming of their own accord from the neighbouring Places of ^gy^t^ and others being hired with great Rewards out of Greece. Thus he learnt from his Egyptian Teachers^ Arithme- tick^ and Geometry, andall forts of Mutick, both Chap. 2. The,Te7nepl€ Mvtfick. . 17 ^<9r/? Rhyme , Harmony, ^wiMeafufe,- He learned alfo t,both Sorts , as well the Con- templative^ as that which delivers it [elf in divers TP ays ^ by hiftrument and Voices. Add to this, that he learned the Occult Philo^ fophy, Defcribed in Letters^ which they call Hieroglyphicks , or the Refemblances of li- ving Creatures which they worfiipped for Dei- ties. The Gneeks taught him the Liberal Arts^ being invited thither from the 'Neigh- houring Countries. The Affyrians taught him their Learning-^ and the Chaldeans taught him the Kfwwledge of the Stars ^ which he alfo learned of the Egyptians who were principally addiBed to the Mathemati- cal Studies. How true this Account of fhilo is let others judge ^ ' fince there is no Neceflity to inlift upon it, for ^ f^^J the Scripture tells us that '^^ he wa^ learned -in all the Wif dom of that Nation , which Word AU muft include the Skill of Mtfick as well as others^ and therefore it is probable that he commu- nicated the fame to the Children of Ifrael^ or (at leaft) to his neareft Relations, who, as Occafion offered, direded the reft. When xkitChildren of Ifrael were in Bond- age under the ^j^/^^i^^jj they fighed becaafe of their hard Ufage, and therefore could not perform their Parts according to their De- ^■^ ' ' " C lire. 1 8 The Temple Mnfick Chap. 2, fire. But as foon as God had ( in his infi- nite Wifdom) diftinguiflied them as a pecu- liar People to himfelf, and delivered them from that heavy Yoak 5 as foon as they had . palled the Re J Sea^ (w) and faw Sap. I ^7 ^^^^^^ Enemies dead upon the Shore, their inelamholy Scene was changed into a Ffalm of Thankfgiving for fo fignal a Mercy 5 and they fo far imi- tated the Egyptians^ as to ufe this Science to fet forth therewith the Praifes of the God whom they ferved. Nay, (s;) Kircher fuppofeth that they imitated ix) Kirclm^s the Egyptian Manner alfo, who Oedipus £~ in an Expofition of ExoJ. 32/ Tom 'T' ^^^^^^ ' '^^^^ f'^'''^ pag. *2p7. Words it may he coUeBed that they nfed Mnftcal Injlrumentsy the Life' of ""fi"' ^""'"'''^ ^gyP" Mofes, ^i^i^-S 5 a7id that probably they Book I. were the Timbirels, and Pipes, with which fuch a Solenmity was particidarly performed in Egypt. Their Thankfgiving at the Red Sea ls thus defcri- bed by (y) Philo. But the Hebrews bein^- amazed becanfe they had obtained fuch a prodigious and unexpeBed ViBory without Bloodfljed^ and feemg the Enemy deflroyed in a Moment of Time^ appointed two Conforts upon the Shore ^ om of Mefi^ and the other Chap. 2, The Temple Mtifick. of Women^ and fang Hymns of Thankfgivtng to God^ Mofes beginning the Verfe for Men^ and his Sifter for the Women ^ for they did lead on the Conforts. And in r \ v. ir (^) another Place: The Pro- C^^^ook^. phet did celebrate with Hymns the Author of fo great a Benefit 3 for the whole Wation being diflributed mto tvpo Choirs^ one^fMen^ and the other of Women ^ he began the Song with the Men^ and made his Sifter Prascen- trix to the Women^ that mutually anfwering each other ^ they might fing Hymns to God^ when they thus fang in their Turns, The Verfe was alfo mixt with acute and gravQ Sounds-^ for the Voices of the Men were grave ^ and the Women acute ^ from whence came a Mixture of a fit and fweetly-joyned Melody^ and therefore the Prophet rejoycmg with the People^ and not being able to contain his Joy^ began the Song ^ which the People hearing divided themfelves into two Choirs and iw.i-^ tated his Singing. And f^J Ca)J^^i(h fephmimh, l hat aU of them Aatiquitics. during the whole Night fang Book 2. Hymns and Songs ofThank/giv- Chap. 7. ing. (b) lniht Beginning of (^) Comp. I this Hymn whk];]. Mofes compo- E^od.!-^, ^ i fed, the Congregation was ex- ^j^' ^' horted to fng unto the Lord^ hecaufe he hath triumphed glorioufly ^ and C 2 Miriam 20 Tloe Temple MuficL Chap, 2. Mir:amwixh her Company anfwerd him by a Repetition of the fame. This Solemnity was alfo performed with Iilftruments as well as Voices 3 for (c) Miriam (cj Vcr. 20. ^/^^ Prophetefs, Stfier of Mofes, fd) In the took a Timbrel m her Hand ^ boTc cite/" went after her ^^'^ * "with Timbrels^ and with Dances^ in the fame Manner (d) which ( as Kircher tells us) was pradifed by the Egyptians-^ and had the Jewijh Authors been filent, yet the Text doth fufficiently intimate , that they afted their Parts by Refponfes^ firlt Mofes, then Miriam and her Company, and then the whole Congregation. And as they fang this Song, when God was pieafed to magnify his Servant Mofes by fo fignal a Miracle , and place him ag a Ruler over his People , fo when Mofes was about to refign the Government to Jojhua , and knew that he ihould not be much longer in the World, he took Care to pen another Song for their Ufe, and tranfmit it to them, in which he forewarn d them of their future Idolatry, and the Judg- ments of God which v/ould fall upon them for the fame. What Ufe they made of thefe two Songs before the Temple was built is very uncertain* But afterward when the Service of eaxh Da}^ was appointed they were Cftap, 2. The Temple Mnfich ii were a (^) conftant Part thereof. For then upon each of their Sabbaths they fang the Wnety fecond i^f^^A^^ Pfalm^ which for this Reafon is voi, i? ' intituled, A Pfalm or Song for pag, ^23, the Sabbath Day 5 and at the * Numk 28* Time of the '^'Additional Sa- 9^^^' crifice appointed by M^^, they Chap, fang this Song^ in f /J) Deutera- nomy^ in the Morning, only they fang it not all at one time, but divided it into fix Parts, and thus they finiflied it in fix Sab- bath Days, and then began again. And at the fame time of the Evening Sacrifice^ they fang the other ffahn ofThankf- ^ . giving^ (g) in Exodiis^ for their ^ Delivery out of and this p,^^ was done in Obedience (as they 15, thought) to the C/:?J) Comaiand of God. Remember that thou wasl a Stran- ger in the hand of Egypt, and that the Lord thy God brought thee out thence by a mighty Hand^ and by an out-ftretched Arm - therefore the Lord thy God commanded thee to keep the Sabbath Duy. However the Singing thefe Portions of Scripture , as a Part of their conftant Service, was fo com- mendable in it felf, and fo far from favour- ing either of the Jewifx Ceremonies^ or of- th? Komijli Siiperftition ^ that the Afoflle C 3 allude^ 22 The Temple Mifjlck. Chap. 2/ alludes thereto, and tells us, (?) (t) Rev. IS- t\\2iUheSaintsinIieavendidfmg ^* the Song ^/Mofes the Servant of God, becaufe they were now come to their everlafting Sabbath, having gotten theViBory over the BeaR^ and over hk Image ^ and over his Mark^ and over the Vimber of his Name^ and having the Harps of God in their Hands, But befides thefe two Songs which were of particular Efteem among the Jews \^ wefind f another recorded Ik 17""^" to be fung , when God was pleafed to give them Water to drink in the Wildernefs3 and therefore there is no room to doubt but they had their general Forms, and others alfo for particu- lar Occafions 5 and that Singing Praifes to God was a Duty very often , and if not every Day , yet at leafl: every Sab- bath Day pradifed by them. We read but (I) one Inftance of our ( / ) Mattk Saviours fineinp; an Hymn witll his Uijapies , which was not long before his Crucifixion ^ and yet we do not queftion but it was a frequent Cuftom among them. Nay, we have not the Words of any one Hymn (Tung by the JpoftleSj or Primitive Chriftians in their Age) recorded throughout the New Tefta- rnent^ but that it was a Duty frequently • Draftifcd .Chap. 2. The Te?nple Miifich 23 praftifed in their Aflemblies, may be pro- ved from other Authors, of undoubted Credit. Thus among the Jews we find no Inftances of their Praying to God, un- lefs upon fome fignal Occafion^ and yet we have reafon to believe that it was a con- ftant Duty among them, and that probably ( even in the Time of Mofes) they had publick and fet Seafons for the fame, name- ly the Trmes of their Offering the Morning and Evening Sacrifices^ which were after- ward called ini') the Hoim of Trayer 5 and therefore we may ^^'^^ -^^.3.1, realonably fuppofe, they offered up their Sacrifices of Praife anJ Thank/giving ^ at the fame Time, or at leaft had fet l imes for the Performance of the fame. During the Time of the Judges that judged Ijrael (n) we have an Account at large of the Song , of Hannah upon a particular i, ^avid^ fome of them were written before iiis Coronation, the Occafions whereof are fpecined in their refpeBive Titles. As when he prayed to God against Smlthe Son ofK'iih the Benjamite3 when he changed his Beha- viour before Abimelech 3 when he contem- plated upon the Treachery of Doeg the E- domite 3 when the Ziphims difcovered him to Saul 5 when he fled from Saul in the Cave 3 and upon fuch particular Occafions. ^ ' ' ^ ^ ' But: id) Tfal. 8p. I Chron. ij. 17, 19. X Chron. 16. 42. ib) Compare P/i/. 2. Vi^ith ^^.4.25. Compare PJal. ^5. 7,8. with ii^^.4. 7. Compare Ffal. p6. with I Chron, 16. 22, &e. Compare P^/. 105. with I Chron, 16, ^'c^ and PJaLio6, 47,48. with 1 Chron. 16 3^- rfaL 137. Ffal. 7~54-52*-54 .-56— 57— 5^—65 ^-142. Chap. 2. TheTe?nple Mufich ^7 But as for the other Pfalms compofed by him, they were ( probably) not extant un- til after his Coronation , when God had delivered him out ^ of the hands of all hm Enemies^ and ovit of the hands of Saul 5 and by this Means his Thoughts were more free, and he had more Leifure to indite them. But whether any of thefe Scriptures formerly extant, were ufed in the Service of the Con- gregation, before David fettled the fame in that Order which was afterwards ob- ferved, is very uncertain, and there is great reafon to believe the Negative. (^) V^htn David was made King over Ifrael he fet himfelf to bring the Service of the Sanciuarj into better Order, compofed many Pfalms for W 2 Sam. this Purpofe, and was fp emi» ^^^^ ^ nent therein that he is called * the fweet Pfalmift of Ifrael. {f)TfaLiii ie) He danced Before the Jrk, 22, &c. he fang Praifhs to God, and '^^Za no doubt (fj performed his chap. 25. fart in the hifnmental Mufick^ according to his Vow. He placed the Singers in their Order, and appointed, them their Turns , and their Parts , and would have done more, if God had per- mitted him to build a Temple for his Ser- vice, 'a8 Tf^^ Temple Mi^fich Chap. 2, yic^, according as he intended* And for iiis Zeal to promote the Giory of God, in this, as well as in other Par- g 4^^ I J. ticulars, he is ftiled, ih) the ^fl^V God's oim Heart. When Solompn had built a Temple, and the fame was confecrated to God by his more iniinediate Prefence, it ii)2Chron. is ( i ) recorded that ^Z^Ifrael 5v 3« kept the FeaS of the Tabernacles^ ^* ^ '^^^'^ feven Days with great; Joy. At this Time it is probable that Divine Mnjick was firfl: per-^ fbrmed there , the Singers and Levites placed in their Order, and the Service of each appointed 5 and tho' the Jews were over-run with Idolatry, and fuch Kings were frequently on the Throne who pro- moted the fame, yqt thqy were fucceeded fey others, fuch as Hezektah^ J^J^^K who reftored again the Worfliip of God^ and the People in the worft of 7 4, ' Times (k) retained a feeming Zeal for the Temple of the luord. So that it is probable that the Ser- vice of the Temple might continue without any great Alteration, for fome Hundreds of 1 ears, until they were carried away Captives into Babylon^ when they laid by their Harps ^ and all their Miifak wa^ ' ' turned Chap. 2. The Temple Mufick 2f turned into Lamentation when they did fo far forget their Antient Manner of Sing- ing, that at this. Time we cannot certainly determine what it was, but are forced to fpeak by Conjefture in moft Cafes. But whatever this Singing was, there is no Doubt but it was the beft which could be heard in the World at that Time. If I (hould affirm that one Motive which brought the Quee^i of Sheba from her Country might be to fatisfy her Curiofity in this Particular, and to hear the Muftck^ as well as to fee the Temple , I fuppofe it could not be contradided. The Greeks knew but two Sorts of Zv^^^r^j", and according- fick^^i^^^Q ly they reckoned every Syl- Gne^. ^ lable to be either Long or Short, and the Short Syllable to be twice as fwift as the other. But whether the Divifion of the Hebrew Vowels into four Sorts ( namely Long^ Shorty Shorter^ and the ShorteH of all ) may, tho' obfcurely, point at an Opinion among the Mafo- files ^ of a greater Variety, which was; ufed in the Temple in this refpeft, even of four different Notes, and which at this Time are fufficient for any common Com^ pofition 5 I leave to others to determine as they think mgft probable. As go The Temple Mnftck. Gliap. 2; ^ . As for their Injlrumen- Inflrumental ^^^^^ ^^^^ 2iWt^tdL (/) See Cicerd de the utnioft Plainnefs. (/) Their ™ con- and the Difputatioa "fted but of t our S^m^j-, concerning the and perhaps they might ^t\h?Ei^T^^^ thereby aim at the Sound mloxfordidik^i *e ^^'^'^ Concords with the Bafs : Or if thefe Strings Gonfifted in rifing each a Note higher than the other, (according to the Diatonick Scale ) or if the leasi Stnng was placed an Eighth higher than the greatesf^ and the two middle Strings, the one at the Diftance of a Fourth from the lowesf^ and the other at the fame Diftance from the highejl^ having the Space of a Tone or Full l^ote from each other (according to the common Opinion, and as Mercury s Harp is reported to have been) or let them be placed any other Way 3 yet four Notes on- ly were too few to admit of any great Va- riety. In Procefs of Time Chorebiis added a fifth String , Hyagnis a fixth^ and Ter- pander a feventh. But tho' thefe were ad-, ded, yet they feemed to affed their former Plainnefs^ and therefore when Timothem added four more Strings , he was enjoyned by the Ephori^ or Magiftrates, to cut them off with his own Haiids^ and to be baniftied from Chap. 2. The Temple Miifu:h 3 1 from Sparta^ becaufe he defpised the Antient Mttfak, and introduced a greater Variety, (/) Thus it was alfo in Relation to their Wmd-mtifick. Their Pipes were at firft only toadeofReeds^ they had only four Hoks^ and were fmall and plain, even in Compari- fon of thofe which were in Rome at their Theatres, tho' that was inconfiderable in ■Refped of the Improvements which Muftck hath received in later Ages. But that the Jews were not confined to fo narrow a Compafs in their Infiru" mental Mufick^ may be proved, not on- ly from the (" w ) Title of the Eighth tfalm^ where the Tune, very probably, is faid to be n'':^Q2in by upon ( or according to ) Shemhiith , or the Eighth , but more particularly from the Inftrument of Ten Strings , fo often mentioned ^ and from their h'^l or Pfakerj^ 1 Sam. 6. 5. which ( if we may believe ( n ) Jofephus ) was an Inftriment of Twelve Sounds to be played ttpon with the lingers. il) Horace dz Arte Feetic^^ Verfe 2<58, &c. lihia non^ ut nunc^ orichako vin^a tHb£q; JEmula^ fed tenuis^ fmplexq-^ foramine ^ancs^ Aj^irare $t adeffe chords crat utilky atq; Nondum ^ijfa nimvs tomplere fedilia flatu* ( m ) Vfalm 8, I'itl^. ( « ) JewiOi Antiquities. Book 7. Chap. lo, rvAoii xfkTau0 The ^2 The Temple Mufwk Chap. 2, The Jews when they blew their Trum- pets l^aa the Diftinftion of a plain ElaH, and the breaking of the Notes into Divi" fans , which they called njripn and nynn, and their Pipes had ( no doubt ) a Variety proportionable to their Stringed Mnftck^ fince they are both often men- 10. 5- tipned (0) together, as equally I king. 1.40. fit for fetting forth the Praifes TfaL 150. 4. of God, or other folemn Occa- 22. fions, and fuch as might be^ played on, either alone^ or in Confort with Voices : And if their Wind-Mtifak had been inferiour to the other, iht Organ is very improperly derived from the Verb (5Jlj;) which fignifies , to love entirely^ as if it was fo amiable and excellent an Inftm- ment. As for the Vocal Mitfick antiently in Ufe among the Greeks-^ The Poets fang ' their Verfes in a Cart or Waggon, being carried along the Streets, where they had neither Room nor Opportunity for a Confort 3 and we may eafily guefs by the Manner thereof that it v/as more like the Notes of a Bell -man or Common Crier ^ than any fole?nn Choir or fet Service, And as for their lo Pmu^ or fuch like Songs, 11I Honour of thtit falfe Gods ^ they ( being' never ufed but in the Height of Liquor } might Chap. 2. The Temple Muftck. 55, might more refemble the ReveUhigs at an Ale-houfe^ than any thing which tended to Sobriety. Their Vccal Mufick w^is^ perhaps, no more than a Graceful Pronmidathn of Verfe^ and therefore might as properly be called a Part of Rhetorkk^ viz. Pro- mmdatmi^ as a diJlinB Science. The Word Mrtjkk^ (as it was inUfe among them) came from the Greek Word MZaam. (the Ahfes) which they rather fanfied to be the Nine Goddefjes or Patronejp s of Poetry 3 and ac- cordingly they were invoked by the Poets upon all Occafions 5 and each of them had their particular Verfes affigned to them. One of them was the Goddefs of Elegies^ another of Dramat?cL% another of myjlical Poetry^ and another of Epicks, &c and perhaps the Word M.vai-K,r\ might be. thought by fome of the Greeks to intend no more , and was therefore reckoned one of the Li- heral Arts fas well as Rhetorick ) inftead of (p) Poetry: and it feems ^ ' , prob^le that the fevc- Sdif t rai ditrerent Moods or Ptohmy. Pag. 317. Mufick^ fo much talked (q) Anftoxtnus^EH-^ of among the Greeks, cl^d. mcmmlm.A^ might be more properly p.^,,! called Modi loquendi than ted by Mabomim , Modi cantandi. We know and Ftohmy printed that the f^J G;wi^^ have by^^^'"- D written 34 The Temple Mufick Chap. 2, written fomething concerning tlieir Mnfick^ and we find a ftrange Sort of Notes added to the Hymns of D'wnyfms^ &t. but all this is fo obfcure, that their Mufick is intirely loft, and what our Modern \¥riters fancy of their Ckro?natick^ and Eriharmonkk Scales^ is known to be utterly hmmtftcal. It is true that there are many Stories faid to be done by Orpheus and Anifmon^ upon the Account of their Miifck 3 but if (r) Horace may be credited in this Cafe, he plainly tells us, that they v/ere performed by the Force of their Meajiires^ and not only of their Melody. From all which it is reafonable to conclude , that the Miif^ck which was in Ufe among the Heathen in thofe Times ("whatever it was ) was very defective. (r) Horat. Lib. deJrte Poetka. near the End, Sihefires homines facer^ mterprejcj'^ Deorum Cddihm^ et vi^u fcedo dtterrmt Orpheus, D 'dius ah hoc lenire Tygres^ Tahidofq'^ Leoms, Vicius et Amphion, TThcbanse conkitnr arcis^ Saxa movere fono Teihtdinis^ et prece blanda Ducere quo vellet : fitit hjsc Safientia quondam^ Fublica frivatis fecermre^ facra ■prsfanis^ ConcubitH prohibere vago^ dan jhta maritis^ ■Oppida moliri^ leges incidert ligno. Sic hmor^ et nomen divinis vatibus^ atq-y Carminihui venit : foji hos infignis Homer us^ Tyrts^ufq^ mares mimos in mmia bejla ' Vtrfihii6 esfacuif* Neither Chap. 2, The Temple MtificL 35 Neither is it an improbable Cdnjefture, that the Greeks might owe their chief Im- provements in Mufick to the Hebrews^ as well as to the Egyptians. It is proved at large by f H feveral Mo- ^ ^ , ^ ^ , , der„ Wnters that the ifi^l:^^X rabies and btories re- Treatife cntituled corded by the G;r^.^ j^were "Delphi Pb^nidzan-^ taken out of the Scnp- ^'^■>^y S^'^iua tures and are generally S^VoL^'Xet thelam.e, withfome Al- Trads ati{(??ier^/^w, terations of the Mames in the Year idSu tlie hrlt who was famous for Mnjick among them, infomuch that he is reckoned by many as the Inventor thereof ^ and it is certain that he was acquainted with the Jewijh Learning, fince he quotes Mofes with great Efteem in his Poem 5 and therefore as he might learn from thence the Notions which he hath written of a God^ and thofe Rules with which he civilized that barbarous ]SUtw?2 , fo it is moft likely that from them he alfo received his Skill in Miiftck, ( See Or^kuj his Works , in the Book intitukd Minms Poeu, pag. 461. verf. 33. ' \ ^ " " D 2 And 5 6 The Temple Mttfck. Chap, i, ' And as we have great reafon to look on the Greek Mufick to be defeftive, fo we 1 cannot imagine the Latin to r J^^^f be more fortunate upon this fick or the A T • 11 1 Laiim. Account, it is well known that they borrowed their Mea- fures of Verfe , their Hexameter and Pentameter^ and their Lyrkk Verfes from the Greeks^ that (u) Horace commends them for the beft Patterns 5 and the chief Poets ^ as VirgH^ &c, have been but Imi- tators of Horner^ Theocritus ^ and Pifidar. As therefore they made no farther Im- provements in their Poetrj , fo we have no reafon to think they made any in their Miifick If the Mufick of the Greeks was little more than a graceful Projiunciatioit of Verfe\ it is as reafonable to conclude the fame of (if ) Lib. de Artt FoeticL Et neta^ fi&aq-^ nuper hahehunt verba fiJem fi GrscQ fonte cadant^ farce detorta And again, ^Vsj Exemflarta Gxxc£ No&urna verjate tnanu^ verfau diurncu Aiid again^ Grajis ingtnium^ Grajis dedit ore rotunda Muja loqui^ t^^J^l kudm nullms ayms, the Chap. 2. The Temple Mitfich 37 the Latins, fince (^) ^ , . / \ 77" 1 .-.r^A i-J^^ — At nunc harwitia Mji-iis (x) Virgil ufed th€ ^ ^ . CM...™ MtxbCano, which properly fignities no other than to Smg^ when he fpeaks of his Defcribing in Verfe the Ads of Mn^as, St. Auguftine wrote fix Books concerning Mujick y which are all extant in the firft Tome of his Works, and in them he only fpeaks of the Length and Proportion of Ti?rie, as it may be applicable either to frommiation. or Foetry, but takes no Notice of th^ Biftauce of Sounds ^ fo that from thence we may conclude that the Latins made no Additions to what they re« ceived from the Greeks, but rather left the State of Miifick in a worfe Condition tlian they found it. But the Servke in the Temple ztyernfalem was regular and orderly., without Confufion or Difturbance , and where every one knew his Part, without interrupting another 3 and this made the Babyloyiians fo very defirous ta hear th-e fame, that (y) whe?i they had led the Children of f^^/^'^' Itid^d Captives, they reqmred of them Or Song, and Melody in^ their Heavinefs^ faying ^ Sing it^ one of the Songs of Zion. When the Children of Ifrael were carried ^iW^y Captives into Babylon^ they laid afide dXl xhdx Mufick^ and only fpent their Time D3 in g8 The Temple Muftck Chap. 2. in lamenting their Misfortunes. The Tfal- mist faith. By the Rivers of Babylon there we fate down^ and wept when we remem" bred Zion, we hanged cur Harps upon the WtUows^ in the Midst thereof: and when they were defired to fing, they anfwered. How fiall we fing the Lord's Song in a firange Land^ As for thofe who remained in the Land of Canaan^ they w^ere employed in other Bufinefs. They could have no Inclination to fing, when they thought of their Bre- thren in Bondage, and alfo confidered how they themfelves were fubjed to the fame Yoak. Befides, they were only the Poor of the Land, who were left behind to be Vine- Dreffers and Day-Labourers, and they had a ftanding Army placed over them to keep them in Subjedion. Their Teniph was burnt with Fire, their Gates denioliflied, and their Golden and Stiver Vef/els carried away, fo that there was nothing but Wee- ping and Mournine, and what S S*^^* C^) jf^^^h faid was then fully ° * Verified: AH Joy is darkned^ the Mirth of the Land is gone. And the greatnefs of the Captivity may be gueifed at by this one Inftance, that when theyi who came from Babylon , and there fpake the Chaldean Tongue^ returned into their own Cfiap. 2, The Temple Muftch 39 own Country, they foon after changed the Language of their Nation into Sjriack^ which is little more than a DialeB of the Chaldee^ but much more different from the Hebrew 5 whereas , if few had been carried away Captives, it had been impolTible that their Return could have produced fo great an Alteration , or have made their Lan- guage in the fucceeding Ages to be fo like to that of thofe w^ith whom they then con- verfed. The Miifick of the Jews , by reafon of this long Captivity, was fo far loft, that it is \^ery probable they never afterwards re- co\'ered the fame to its former Perfection, when they returned to their own Land. For tho' at their Return they attempted the fame, and Ezra mdNehemMb did what they could toward the reftoring thereof, and re- tained fome of thofe Particulars v/hich had been ufed in the f ^) FirR ^y,,^^ Temple^ yet as to the very 11. 17 and Mitjjck^ we cannot think it 12. 24,45, to be exaftjy the fame, Suppofing that there were fix or feven Singers , who might be about Ten Years of Age at the Captivity (which was as young as can be fuppofed to remember any thing diftindly , after fuch a Space of Time } yet thefe at thek Return niuft be Four/core D 4 X^ars 40 The Temple Mnfich Chap. 2 . Years old, (which was then a very great Age C^)-) ^^^^ now) fo that their teach, and tho' they might give fome Directions as to the Way of Singing , and confequently retain fomething refembling what had been before, yet there is no doubt but it was not exadly the fame. Or if we fhould fuppofe that when fome of the Jews were in Captivity , their Brethren in the Land of Canaan did conti- nue their Mitfick in the Temple^ as it was before, without any Senfe of their own Misfortunes, or the Misfortunes of their Brethren , untii the Temple was burnt by I^ahizaradan in the Reign of Zedekiah.^ when every thing belonging to it was carried away, and they winch were left were again made Captives, w hich was but Fifty Tears before their Return 5 yet fuch a Celfation of Fifty Tears is enough to make ts conclude, that in fuch a Space of Time they might forget even the Tunes them- felves. Neither is there any Improbability that the Times fhould be then forgotten , or at leaf!: very much aUered from what they were before 3 if we only obferve how foon Voices alttr^ andtheS^i^in Mufick dies fo;r want of Pr^^/zV^jWhichis evident from many Coun- Chap. 2. Th(^ Temple Mnjick. 41 .Country Places in this Kingdom, where they learn to fing the Pfalms in Confort^ and forget it again 5 and others, where they fing according to their own Fancy ^ tho' very different from what they are in our Pfalm- Tunes 3 and where a Congregation hath ta- ken fuch an Error ^ and underftand not the T!^otes^ they will not be rectified, even by an Organ it felf If then this is the Cafe a- mong us who have far better Infiruments to Tune our Voices by, and the Sotes them- felves to recover our lofl Mufick^ cannot rationally exped to find it otherwife with thtjews fince the Time of their Captivity, But that the very Times were forgotten, niay be farther proved froixi the feveral Titles of tht Pfalms^ many of which (no doubt ) contained the Names of the Times then in Ufe ^ but fince the Captivity thefe very Titles have fo puzled thtjews to ex- pound them, that among tliem there are alraoft as many Opinions as there are Com- mentators - and they only agree in endea- vouring to confute each other, which plain- ly fliews that they were then in the Dark as to this Matter. From the Death of Ezra and lsehe?niah it is very probable that the Jewifi Mitjlck continued without any farther Improve- xnent. For tho' the Second Templew^s built, ' and 4^ The Temph Mufick. Chap. 2. (tf) Etfs^. and the Gates of Jerufakm Ze%'^'^l&t tht former^ Temple did fo far excceed the latter^ that ma- ny of the Elders^ who had feen the f/Vf? Temple^ did weep at the Buildmg of the S^- to think how far it came Ihort of the other ^ infomuch that there was a Neceflity for the Prophets Haggai and Zechanah xb comfort them, in the midft of their Work, with thePromifeof an AdditwJialGlorj by the Coming of the Meffiah, The Veflels of the former Temple were of Gold^ in this they were of Brafs. (d) Be- iinijewtfh fides there were five Things Antiquities, very material which were wan- Book 2, ting in the Second Temple^ and * of God. Secondly^ the l/rf;;/ and Thummm-^ for God gave no An- fwer by thefe tvv^o, as he did m former Times. Thirdly^ the Fire^ which in tha S^r^r^^w^Tm/?^ never defcended from Heaven to confume their Burnt-Offerings, as it did in the Firft. Fourthly , the Glory of God appearing between the Cherubtms-^ which they termed T\T2t the Habhatioii^ or Dwell-, mg of God. And Lajlly , the Holy Gho3/ enabling them for the Gift of Frophenit^ for between Malady ^nd John the B^ptijt there arofe Chap. 2. The Temple Mvifich 45 arofe no Prophet 5 fo that the Jews might now write (e) Ichabod upon f^) "iX their Temple^ and Services^ and TVhere ( is ) fay once more, The Glory of the Glory? Lord is departed from Ifrael. ^ After this, State of the Jews became more and more perplexed. Antiochus pro- faned the Temple^ brought them in Subje- dion to him, and made great Slaughters among them 5 and when they were freed from him they foon became fubjed to the Roman Yoak. Their Country was infefted with Thieves and Robbers 3 the High-Priefi- hood expofed to Sale, to him who would give the moft for it 5 their Religion divided into SeBs^ which were fo powerful, that the High'Pr^efts themfelves were not always of the fame Party 5 and their Schools clafiiing one againft another, and all erring from the Truth. When our Saviour was born, a Forreigner was made King of the Jezvs 3 whileft he lived the Kingdom was divided into the Tetrarchies 3 and after his Death the Romans deftroyed their City, and burnt their Temple to the Ground, not leaving one Stone upon another. Befides the San- hedrim removed from the Room'Gaz>ith in the Temple (where they ufually fate) un- to J abneh^ and after the Deftrudion of Je- rnfalem^ it flitted from Place to Place^ until 44 The Temple Mufieh Chap. 2-^ it was diffolved ^ and certainly all thefe Dffcords are too many, and of the worft Sort for the Improving of MuftcL Or if the High-PrieH might have any Defign to pro- mote the fame, he was now under th^ Power of a Forejgn Amy^ and liable to be difplaced from his Office at anothers Plea- iure, and this muft of neceflity cool his In- clinations in fuch a Matter. And if ther^ was no Improvement whilft the Temple was ff anding, and the Jews, were a People, we cannot exped to tind it fince their Folity was diffolved, and they were difperfed a- mong all the Nations of the World. And therefore when Ez>ra^^ and the Prophets were dead, we may conclude that after Ages ne- ver attempted to make any x\dditions tQ their JVhfick, for thefe Reafons. Firft, It was a Time of Sorrow^ and no\ of Rejoycing^ For tho' they might rejoyce at their Return out of Captivity^ jtt it was (even then) a Caufe of Grief to confider how far they came fhort of that State they were in before. Secondly , They had no Prophet to direSt thejn therein. The Frophets Hag- gai^ Zechar'^ah and Malachi^ were (very probably) dead before the Temple Ayas fi- niflied , or if they were alive , yet they ceafed to have any farther Revelations^ ani Chap. 2. The Temple Mi^fah 4^ and after them arofe no Prophet until John the BaptiH. Thirdly, They now expeBed the^Qffm\ito reftore their decayed State^ and to fettle them, in their Land and way of Worflnp. I know that the Meffiah cometh (faid the Woman of Samaria'^ when he is come he will tell us M tVAngsi^ that is, aU things relating to Divine Worjhip. This was the Language of the Jews ^ as well as of tht Samaritans^ and therefore they cared not to ad any farther in this Matter, but referred the fame until the coming of the MeJJiah Fourthly, All the Pfalms (as they were written by the Prophets and others) 7vere then in an unknown Tongue-^ the Hebrew ceafing to be a hiving Language^ and the Tranfla- tion of the Severity being moftly in Ufe - and there is no room to think that they were for performing fuch a Divine Service whofe Words they did ^ ^ , ^ ^ their hrft Return from to the Volyght Bi^ Captivity^ they were not ^^'^ concerning the content only to read the ^/W^^e Language. Hebrew Text^ but they ^ ^ alfo gave the Senie, and caufed the Vulgar to underftand the Meaning. This occa- fioned the Chaldee Paraphrafe. So that we may conclude that they did not afterward fo 46 The Temple Mnfick, Chap, 2. fo much afFed to fiiig the Pfalms in their Bible, the Language being then unknown, nor any of their own compofing, becaufe they had no Prophet to authorize them fo to do 5 and this was of neceffity a great Im- pediment to their Temple Miifck. There- fore in fhort it may be affirmed, that Ah- ftck was invented by Jubal^ applied to the Worlhip of the true God by Mofes^ and brought into fome Order and Perfeftion by David. It continued in the fame State, or rather declmed until the Captivhy ^ when it was wholly laid afide ^ after that it was in Part reftored by Ezra 5 but the Jews have made no farther Improvements fince his Time. CHAR (47) CHAP. Ill Of their Manfier of Singing : Wherein it is proved that their Method was like to that of our Cathedrals, fir/?, from the Pra- Bice of the Primitive Chriftians, which they received from the Jews 5 and Se- condly^ from the JJniverfal PraBice of the Modern Jews, which they received from their Anceftors. SINCE therefore the Jewijh Mufwk was in a great Meafure loft , at the Time of their Captivity^ it muft be owned a Work of very great Difficulty and Un- certainty to recover the fame, or explain what it was in its greateft Perfedion and Splendor. If they who lived neareft thofe Times could not eflFed: this, it is more un- likely that any one of this Age fhould come nearer to the Mark. In this Cafe the Scrip- ture faith very little 5 and whatfoever is fcattered up and down in the Kabhins (being of a nmch later Date) can no way be de- pended on. The Scripture tells us what In- firuments they ufed ( tho* it defcribes them not ) that they had Singing-men^ and their (g) Sons^ or (if I miftake not) ^ . ZS^^-^ their Singing-boys there we find 48 The Temple Mitfich Chap, 5. find alfo recorded the Pf alms which they fang, but it tells us very little of the Man-, ner how this Singing was performed , fo as to be able from thence to guefs at the Times they ufed, Befides, Mz/zV^ in Gene-, ral depends more upon the F articular Air and Fa7tcy of each Nation, than upon any certain and conftant Rules 5 and thcirefore it is much more difficult for one of another Nation, and at fuch a Diftance of Time, to make any Difcovery therem. We know very exactly the Meafiires which the Greeks ufed in their Poetry. We know that they fang formerly their Verfes^ and that they have written fomething upon this Subjed, of which there remains fome TraBs 5 but air this hath not prevented its being loft, infomuch that it is impoffible for us to know what Airs they gave to the Odes of fh) k " P^^^^^^-y (h) And there- dix to the ^^^^ ^'^^ Jewifi Mufick being Foly^lof Bi" of a much more early Date, ^/f. Pag. 25. being not particularly defcri- Sect.45.4d. ^^.y, Author, and the. greatefl Criticks in the Hebreiv Language. not agreeing concerning their Poejy , it is much more difficult to gviefs at their. Miijick. For this Reafon Boethius in his Treatife of Miifick^ \ho he fpeaks at large, of v/hat was ufed among the Greeks , yet wholly Chap. 3. The Temple Mufick. 49 wholly omits to mention anything of the Jews. For this Reafon the famous (i) Krrcher, a Man fo emment in all rarts or the nivgrfdUu Oriental Learnings in his large Book 2. Treatife, intituled Mufurgia If- niverfalis^ tho' he del cribes the ^ * ' Form of a lithe Jewijhlnjlrnments^ yet he tells us nothing of their Tunes 3 and when he propofed feverai 'Notes to anfwer (as he thought ) the Accents in the Hebrezv^ yet left it might be miftaken for an EJfay of this Nature, he ftiles it. The Modern Miiftck of the Hebrews. And f a very learned t yix.JohnGrt^ory^ Author of our own Na- the Mce^e Creed, tion laitn , It is certain works. Pag. 47. that the Jews had a fa folemn Way of Mufical Service ^ but how to be compared imto^ or drawn up to any Cor re- fpondency with our Ways^ I douht (and more than fo too) whether any Man h able to per- form : and therefore I prefume that in an EJfay of this Nature, the Reader will be more candid and favourable, (k) Monfieur he Clerc j 1,^5 ^^,v*r- tells us his Opinion m faUnd irlijioncal Li^ general Terms in thefe tor the If car Words 1 If we (houla fay Voi.5.cnap.8. that th€ mCick of the P'^-'^^- E Jntient 50 7!??^ Temple Mufak. Chap. 5, Antiint Hebrews is not very Regular it is not very unlikely. They were a Nation in- tirely given to Agriculttm^ i3oho had neither Theatres nor Publivk Diverficfns after this Manner. All the Vubltck Ufe they made of their Miifick cofijifled in fmging of Sacred Hymns which David inftn^tei^ and fiothing Migeth us tt) think that this Muflck was Hat-moftious and Methodical We fee m this Day that the Jews fmg \)^y confufedly in their Synagogues^ and they read the S^fif- tures in Singings be it Pr^fe or Vtrfe. The Mahometans fmg their Alc61:an whkh a- rifethfrom its being fuM ofVerfes. The P^ofe of the Hebrew hath fme too^ and (it is fef- haps for the fame Pile af on that ) the Jews fjig thiir Bible , time out of mind^ tho'' they know not wherein the Pvetry vmffls, fDMurur ij (^^^ hxitKmher on the other Vnivnjalfu hand, thinks it was a moft Book 2. cxaft Muffck^ and gK^es his Chap. 4, Opinion at large in this man- Mdfick of the Hebrews was mojl pe^feS m the Ttme of David and Solomon. For David aBed the part i^Muficmn from a Childy and was wonderfuliy affeBed mi^b ir, it wm impojjible^ that wen he was raife^d to an Higher I)egree (f Honour^ he fhonld not f remote it to the utnfoS. And as wt Chap. 5 • The Temple Mufick. $ i oiight to believe that Solomon was inflruEled of Gody in the Knowledge of all other things^ fo alfo ^Mufick. for I da not fee how that Divine Building could be fo comhleatlf made, according to all the Rules ana Numbers of Harmonical Proportion ^ without the greatejl Knowledge and Skill of Mufick; Certainly all the Veffels of tfc^ Temple were placed in a wonderful Order ^ and efpec'ially the Mu- fical Inftruments were made with the mofl exquifite Art, and framed with the greatefl Variety and Wifdom ^ and he only can be ig- norant hereof who doth not underfland the Order and Difpofition of every thing which occurred in this Wonderful and Divine Fa- brick. Jofephus tells us ( Jewifti Antiqui- ties, Book 9. Chap. 2. ) It is ?noJ} certain that Solomon made four hundred thoifa?id Mufical Inftruments for the life of the Choir. From whence it naturally appears^ that the Mufick of Solomon exceeded ours by many Degrees : Neither is it probable that fuch an innumerable Parcel of Mufical Inft- ruments, made by the greatefl Skilly fhould ferve only for the producing fo?ne Rude and Inartificial Sounds 5 but we muft believe that it did wholly equal the chief of our Inftruments, and the Art of our beft Or- ganifts. There was certainly a wonderful Order of Songs and Chanters, a wonderfid E 7 Diftrtbii" 52 The Tempk Mufick. Chap. 3. T>t(lrlhiitton of the Singers, a wonderful A- greement of Words fitted to Harmonious Notes. Neither is it likely that all the In- ftruments of one Cboir did perform their Parts in Unifon, but made a various Har- mony, with a wonderful and ingenious Con- texture of the upper Parts well fitted to their refpeBive Baffes. The Reafons thus alledged by fo learned an Author, do convince nie that the Mufick of the Hebrevps was not fo mean as Le Clerc would have it : But yet I cannot believe that it came near to that Perfeftion, where- v/ith this Science- hath been improved in this Laft Age. For, Firft^ I fuppofe that they had no Divifions of many Notes to a Syllable, no Vuges^ and no Repetitions of V^^ords, but plainly fang the fame Words as they lay before them in the Pfahis. Thefe may juftly be reckoned fonie of the Graces of our prefent Mrfick , but if they had been in L'fe among the fews^ they would have rendred the Service fo long, that it would have been a Wearinefs to perform their daily Tasks^ or elpecialiy their folemn Mu- fick on extraordinary Occafions. The^^^w had their daily Sacrifices.^ and burning of hicenfe:^ they had their J^iorning and Evening Prayers^ and they read in the Synagcgues out Chap. 5. The Temple Mufxh 55 out of the Law of Mofes every Sabbath- Bay^ fo as to read over the Five Books every Year. They had alfo LeJJons out of the Prophets, and none of thefe things v/ere to be left undone. And as to their Singings they had a Cuftom at the Pajfover to fing the Hundred and thirteenth Pfalm , wirh the five following^ which they called the. Great Hallelujah, They had alfo a fet Pfalm for e\'ery Day of the Week 5 and on the Sabbath' Daj ( befides the Pfalm for the Day) they fang Part of Dent. 32. and Exod. 15. And befides this, there was an Jfce?it of Fifteen Steps or Stairs in the Tem- ple^ betv/een the Ifometis Court and the Mens^ at the Gate of Wcanor 3 and up- on thefe 5r^^mlcL^ and which fup- pofeth many Parts:^ and if it was fo in Chal- dea^ we may conclude it to be the fame in the Land of Canaan. But to this it may be anfwered, That the:' Word mjfjLjfmloL in Greek^ from whence this-; ChaUee Word is derived, doth not fignify a Cofijbn^ but rather foniething elfe founding (auv w ~ c ^ pUtivd, near the ^^^^^driaj^^ End. 'r>t 3^ ^apTKpwoLfs ^ocpfj^g- ig) Eechfit^kd Hi' yiojs ) fometimes they Book 2. Chap, fang together, as in our Reading Pfalms 5 and fometimes they harmonioufly anfwer'deach other, as in oi4r other Refpo?ifes. Thefe Effenes^ Eufebius (g) endeavours to prove not to be the Jews which Philo really means, but the firft Chrijiians which were converted by St. Mark Now if the Chri- pians and the Jews had ufed a difFerent way of Singing, this alone would have con- vinced Eufebius of his Miftake. Another thing, which Eufebius ohkrves of them, is that they fang Pfalms and Hymns by a Pracentor^ the reft anfwering Qm, 'a36epTEA<^na) the ExTreams of the Ver- fes^ as we do in our Litany. The fame is witnelTed by the Author of the ApoHo- liek Chap. 4. The Temple Mujick 6^ kck Conptutiom, (h) who defcribing the Manner of the Chriftian Service, adds, Jfter the readim c^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ Lejjons out of the Old Te^ ^^^^^ ^ . jUmentJam^^ ^^^^^ - -^ PJ}dmsjfDxni, m^^ ... ^ Aao^ ^ V the People anfwerthe Ex' treamsoftbeKerJes.boniQ ^ir^^- footfteps of which Cu" ftoni remain ftill with ys 3 when in thofe fliort Verficles oitht Liturgy being taken out of the Pfalms^ the Priefl; faith, or lings the firfthalf, and the People anfwer the latter. As for Example^ in that taken out of Pfal 51. 15. The Prieft faith, 0 Lord^ open thou our Tips ^ and the People anfwer. And our mouth fhali (loew forth thv- / ^ c n/r i Pr^z/a'/ And thatni this giHiop Patrkk w^e agree with the Anti-. his Preface to the ent Chimh^ is alfo the ^M^^s. Comher,8>cc. Opinion of our (i J Modern Divmes. And as. the Effenes of Alexandria were noted for this their wa}^ of 5/;/g-m^, which was, without doubt, according to the ^^Vw- if: Method^ fo we may conchide that the Chwxh of Alexandria Yccci\xd tht'iT Manner oi Singing horn them 3 and therefore the Account w^hich we ha\'e of them is the more remarkable, becaufe it was one of the ear- lieft Churches, and founded by ^t.Mark:^ F they 66 TJoe Temple Mufick. Chap. 3. ; they were the beft Calculators of Time - the Number of ProfelTors were very many - in this Church there was a conftant Saccef- lion of Bifiops: and therefore her Pradice in this Cafe is the more mCMns. Book confiderable ^ who (as ^ bt, Aiigujhn tells us ) ui the time of Athanafms (and no doubt before) did take care that the Reader of the ?falms ftould fing with fo fmall an alteration of ^ the Voice, that it might be more like to pronouncing than finging, and confequent- iy did well agree with the ?lmn Chanting of our Cathedral Service. And as to the Gourch ofjerufalem^ it is plain that the Apoftles after they were J?/- fpired with the Holy Ghofi^ did frequent the Temple at the Hours of Prayer, when they alfo offered up their Sacrifices of Praife s.nd Thankfgiving at the fame ii)St(:Dodi^d ofln- time 5 and this they IftrtrSptf wo^ld not have done God. pag. 75. had they not approved of the fame. (/) And as they had thus approved of, and connnuni- c^ttd mtb hjlrumental Mufick^ at leaft in their Worfliip of the Temple^ and their way of fingiog; fo it is not improbable but that ihtApOjiles continued it in the Head Churchy ^vhetlier in Pella^ or the Rums of Jeru- fakm^ chap, The Temple Miifich Sy Jalem^ 2ittv the Diffolution of the Wor- ftiip of the Temple. However this is a Time wherein we have no Monuments which can inform us of any thing to the contrary. From the Eaftern Churches it is probable that the Wesiern received the fame Cuftom of Sinmn^j or Chanting- ^ , „ the f Calms. IfthtGrave C%) ^/f''^. oE the and rlatn Tunes ot the firft,and die life of Pfalms were (as (mj Pla- Damdfus. Hookcr^s tina affirms ) fet out by ^^clefiajUcal Folity, Gregory the Great, who ^^ok 5. Sedl. flourifhed about the end of the Sixth Cen- tury^ yet the fameAuthor tells us that Z)^» viafus began it in his time, who lived Three Hundred Tears before, and was the third Bifl)op of Rome after the Reign of Conjlan- tine the Great. The read- , , ot the Fialms by 1 urns, ^mh man FUrnmq^ began, at leaft inD^W^- comparatur EteUfta^ fits his time, and there- q^^^frmoingredimk tore Gregory could not VijUhHUr undls vo^ begin that which was miti, deinde in Ora^ wholly new, but only ^'^^ne mius Vhhis^ xmpro^-etheold. Neither '^^^^^rnundu nflu^ ^ . r> V c entibus jtndet^ turn was It at Rome only, tor Kejfonfcrih PJ}ilm9^ (n) Arnhrofe Bifliop of rnm^ cantit virortim^ F ? Milan -^8 Tl^^- Temple -Mifwh Chap. 9 . ■'MMm( viho was'Coiitfemporary "with, or rather ' bfefore- Damafusygwcs 11s fome hints •tfiercof 3 and therefore " as it -inereafed ' in •'feverai parts of the Weflern Churches^ As foon as the Storms of Perfecution . were biowii ^over^ an^-the Churches 'f titled fo -their Uniformity in -this Matter nlakes it the more probable^ that'irhey" received' it ' from tlic Cbur^h^ ciAiti ' of -JehifdltfU or Ale x an- ■ fititS?fr&,^;ify5 . This'is the Method which the JeWs attfais time do'lifeiri all the Ser- "Vices in their Sy?iagogms- and tho' %ixtorf in his^ o)Synagoga'Judaica^ doth but very obfcutely mention' this^ yet In f^_J another place he fpeaks more exprefiy: Thatthe ^ife of the Accents ' is to mark but t'ifitd us the Mu- ftch^ or' way 'of Smging'a- mng the Jews^ tvho 'ilo ftot Read^^ kit Ghaiit 'oiit the Het)rew Text. W- i^nd this Ciiftomfhere- fore boih amdi% them and us. "Mow ' the Jews £fj Euxtorf's'Sy- iiagogaJiida!ca»Cha. "5* ^^g» 1 4P» Canifur^ 1 _ Mmde cmers 'fsrgmtt^ ^ and Page 15^* ff£Gtnt6T in Schld tarn 'fuUmh Uccant'kt^ ^>J'BaxtorPsTlie- (mms ■ ^Grammati- C0.S5 ,,pag. A€ca> fm 'defighmit ' Mufu ctm.^. ' five ■ ratmem 'Cmtks 'sifud Juki^- mi I'txtmi 'fc N ame of rifUM, that iie^ that they v/oiild iearn from Chap. 3 . TJpe Temple Mtifyh 66 from us, any thing relating to Diviite Wer^ flnp. Our very ufing it would, have fet them againft it,^ and would have been rather a_, great Offence^ than an Inducement to ' them to Pradife the fame : So that our , agreeing herein, can arife only from this 5 that both we and they did learn it from their Anceftors. Befides,; it is very likely^ that it is the fame Method v/hich. was . ufed in the Time of the Second Temph^ be- eaufe ( tho' their T^m,2^/^ is . deftrQy'd^ and the Jeivs difperfed over . the WorlS, yet) in every Place where they now live,., they retain this very Cuftom^ particularly in LmJon^ in Holland^ - in Germany^ oCc. Now if they had proceeded fo far as to • make any Alterations in one Country, yet we can hardly imagine that they (hould do the fame in all. They hai-e naturally a great Veneration for the Cuftoms of their Forefathers.^ and therefore we know not what they could propofe to, themfelye-s^ in making any alteration as to this particular. Add to this, that if they had, i^iiade any Al- ; terations, we .may^ fuppofe, they would . have differed more and more^ from mChri- riiafiSy and not have been more conformable :o us in our way oilVarjljip, Or how could ve imagine that fuch a thing could be car- 'ied on,, and a CorrefpondencQ fixe^d for this Fg Purpafq" 70 The Temple Mufick. Chap. 3 Purpofe in all Nations of the World 5 and yet we have no account by whom this Pro- jedwasfeton foot, or when, or v/hy this Alteration was firft made? It is juftly rec- koned an undeniable Argument of the Puri- ty of the Hebrew Text^ that it agrees with all the Tranflations into other Languages 5 and we may as reafonably conclude, that the Jeivs hai^e not differed from their for« mer way of Singing, becaufe they obferve the fame Method in other Nations. If therefore this Method of Singing is the fame which was praftifed in the Second Te7n- , ple^ we may fuppofe alfo that it refembled what was under the fir/?. (qjEzra. There were many who fa ) wept when they law the be- ccndTemple^ becaufe it was fo far inferior to th^e other and no doubt, they would aifo have exprefled their Concern, if they could have perceived the Singing in the latter^ to be different from that which they heard in the former. They who favv the Firft Temple may be fuppofed to give Directions ( as far as they could remember J for the continuing of the fame Mujick without alterations. We are 45 4X* ^^^d, that (r) both the Sing- ers and the Porters kept t he Ward of their God^ and the Ward of the Purifica- tion^ Chap, J. The Temple Mtifich 71 ttGn^ according to the command of David and vf Solomon his Son : for m the days of Da- vid and Afaph of old^ there %vere chief of the Singers^ and Songs of Praife andThankf- giving mto God, Now if they kept to all other Circumftances of Singings according as it was in the time of David and Solomon his Son, we may conclude that they kept as near as poffible to the Mnfick it fei£ But for the farther proof of what I have propofed, it will be neceifary to confider, Firji^ The Cir cum fiances obferved m their fwging : Secondly^ what fort of Verfe we find in thofe parts of the Old Teftament^ which we call Poetical: Thirdly^ The 'Nature of the Accents^ being the only Notes we can have to guide us : and Laftly^ The Titles and hfcriptions of the Pfalms^ with their Selah and Hallelujah : from all which put together, wq may the better gaefs^ how this Mujick or Service was performed,, CtlAW F4 n The Temple Mtffick Chap. 3. C H A P. IV. Of the Circumftdnces obferved in Singing. THE Manner and Circumftances of - the JewiJIj Shiging^ arc at large de- fcribed by the learned f j-j Dr. Lightfoot^ in his Book concerning the, (s) Ughtfoot,^ Vol. Service, Chap, the ^ ^ - jth^ to which I refer the Reader for his^ farther Information, and only take notice of a few Particulars. tirfl. The Smger^ ( faitll he) in fmgifig thefe Pfalms^ divided each of them into three Tarts^ making three large Paidfes^ or ReJ}s 7?ithe?Hy and atthefe Liter ?niJJio7is the Trimi-- pets founded ^ and the People 7 wrpipped. This founding he defcribes to he sl Plain- Bhtft^ then another with. Quaverings and S^^^w^J-, and after that a Plain-ilafi again, which he called 3. Tar a- ffir^ynnny^n tho' he f ^ con« r-1yipn but in their feifeth that this Word fhort Writuigs they feenis to put the Quaver- exprefsitthus; ing found hdove^ and af- r^^n ter, and the Plain in the midft, contrary to the Jewifb defcription of it. This founding the Jews expreffed by (-u) three Words which by fome of them Chap. 4 The Temple Mufich them were faid to be three different Soimd- mgs. This ia not in ufe, in the Chanting of our Pfalms^ but in our Anthe?ns there 2irt txtqumt. Intermijfions of all the Voices , v/hen the Organ Plays alone, that which we call a Ketornellat^ and as it wasin ufe among the ^d'wj-, it might probably be be- gun and ended in the Fifth Note above the Key in which the Mvtfak was fet, and played after this or the like manner. . M Secoijdly^ They had their Precentor or Chanter J as we , ha v,e in ..our Cathedrals:^ Neither is it unlikely, but upon Solemn Oc- eafions^ or their Fithlick Feajls they might have two, one on the one fide , and the other on the other 3 and each ofthefe might 1' probably be elected into this Office accord- ing to his Merit. -The Bufinefs of the Precentor was to Sing the firft Verfe, or at leaft the firfl Part thereof, that the reft of his Brethren might know what T?/?/^ to Sing, and w^hat P/z:^/; to take 3 ;and fo join togetbier in performing the reft of the V - . . Service 74 The Temple Mufxh Chap. 4. Service. Accordingly (x) Kircher tells US, That m the Tmt of David there was a certain Captain and Ma- (^) Kircher. Book, fter, zvha governed the 1. Chap. 4. ^ed. 2 .^j^^ Singers, who Qutm nos Cantor em j' j ^ i rr ■ nunc a cantando vo- f^^d a better Voice ^ and a tmnis^-vdChoTtigum^ more exaEi Skill in Mu- Si clX«."5.'s7. ) there were the chief of the Levites ^ Hajhablah^ Sherebiah^ and Jefma the fon of Kadmiel with their Brethren over againsi them^ to pra^fe^ and to give thanks^ according to the Commaiidiiunt of David the, Man of God^Ward over againsf Ward, They had their Places afligned ^ them by Lot^ and when they were thus ' affign'd, they were not to remove from fide to fide 5 for if they did, the Place al- lotted them could not properly be called \ niQtt;D which fignifies fucha Place as ought to be kept. For chap. 4. The Te?nple MtificL 81 For the better affigning unto them their Places 5 let us fuppofe that our Cathedrals do in many Things, altho' not exadly, imitate the Temple at Jemfalem, . Accordr- ingly, at the firft Entrance on the Sacred Ground, there was (p) the Gate Shiijhan ^^ or the Kings Gate : v/ithin this there was the Outer Courts or Court of ^ the Gentiles^ like to a large f^;^^'''' Square Church-yard : Oppofite to this Firft Gate there was (q) The Be autif id Gate tht Temple^ or iri: great Church Door : Within this there was the Gate cf Nicanor , or the Choir Door with Steps afcending to it, on which V:ity conftantly Sang at the Feaft oiTabej And on each fide of this Gate there were Defies, or Seats, as aifo an Afcent of Four Steps, in all two Cubits and anhalfhigh^ firft into the firft Rank, and then into the reft 5 and in thefe the Singers flood to perform their Duty 5 the Bojs { as I fuppofe) in the loweft Rank , and the Men above them : And not far from thence, oppofite to the Gate of Nica?iGr^ or the Cbon' Do r (r) was the Space between the . < ^ j Porch and the Jltar:, being a ^''^ ^" plainPavement,where thcPrieJis were commanded to weep, and fay, 5t . . thj People^ 0 Lord^ as we do when we rea the Lttany. G 1 82 The Temple Mujick Chap. 4 LaRly, As they were placed in this On der with ofie Pr^cento)\ or perhaps with two; fo they Sang in their Tiirvs^ or anfwerec one another : And therefore it is verj probable, that one Side fang one Verfe o] a Pfalm, and the other Side fang the other Indeed we cannot fuppofe that they did Sing in the Synagogues^ where they had not a Regular, and iixt Coiifort 5 but rather that they did Read the tfalms : The Ruler of the Congregation fir ft reading one Verfe, and the People another, and that xheEffenes kept to the fame Cu- ftoni of Singing, who(as (j-) Fhilo reports of them) dhl perform this Office fo77ietimes with one Voice ^ and fometimes with all the^ reft 5 or fcinetimes all to-- gether , and fometimes with the Oppofite Voices anfwering one another. When our infti- dihik eft ifftm Vi- tuted his laft Supper, it rcifulis, novo quo^ ig fajd Mattk 26. 20. dam Hymm tta prce- ^-u ^ t r rr locutum e/e, ut vit^ ^^^^ lang an Hymn . ha ipftus ah illis fint and (t ) Bid linger tells excefta, & vktftm us. It is probable that reddita, ^hrifl did fo fpeak firji , that his Words were received by them^ and . , repeated (s) Fhilo the concerning a Con- templative Life. 7^ ^app^vic^s. Which is thus rendred by th^Ldtin Tranilaton Nunc on uno^ mm alterms» (t) Bullinger on Matth. 26. 30. Crf- Chap. 4. Tloe Temple Muftch 83 repeated in their Turns ^ And that the Primitive Chriftians retained this Cuftom, may not only be proved from their own Writings, but alfo from the Teftimony of (ti) Pliny ^ who giving an Account to Tra'ian the Emperor, of . _ „ ^ - T> T_ • T^;.^^ ( « ) r/w> Book io« tneir Behaviour m 1 ime ''^<^^^ of Perfecution , when Singing would have been improper, faith of them, Soliti funt carmen Chrijlo^ quafi Deo, d 2 cere fecum invicem. They w^ere wont to fay their Verfes to Chrift as God, among themfelves, and in their Turns. And no doubt, they received this Cu- ftom from the Jewifi Synagogttes. But we need not want due Proof that the Jews did perform their folemn Singing by Mtiphons or Refponfes. If we will allow the Songs with which the Womenreceived Sauly to have been Religious, or at Icaft to have a refemblance of what was then performed before the Jrk, and afterward in the Tempk ^ it is there exprefly re- corded, ( that they an^ fiver e d o?ie another^ and C^^ ^ ^^^^ i8. ii« they fang one to another. ' Befides, This way of praifing God is the moft Antient that we find inScriptura Thus Mofes praifedGod; For he and the Children of Ifrael be^an the Song : G 2 I §4 The Temple Mufich Chap* 4. (y) I will Jing unto the Lord for he hath tmunphed glortoitjly^ the Horfe (y ) Exod. ^^^j jj-^ Ruler hath he throivn ^' into theSea : And (-z.) then M-:^^ fia?n the Prophetefs, ^inciall the Women,, who went out after her with Timbrels and Dances , aded their Farts : verfe 20. j^^j^ Mh'imi ai^fv^ered them^ ^T\b (not the Women which followed her, but) the Men, even Mofes^ and his Com- pany, faying the fameWords^ which they had laid before. ' And as we have the Firft, fo we have the Beft Examples that can be defired , even the bleffed Angels, and glorified Saints in the Kingdom of Heaven, Thus (a) Que cried unto another^ Holy^ Holy^ ^^fy, the Lord of Hofts, And ' a late (b) Reverend ^z/- (hWi^o-gKing of tkor tells us , that the tiui^ fSl ^/G-^ ^--'t'f m Heaven is conflantly reprefented throughout the Revelarions^ prat- fng God after this manner^ as Chap. 7. 9. to 12, and Chap. 15, i. to 6. and that there is no .Que f ion ^ but this isfpoken by an Allu^ [Ion to the manner of the Churches p'aifmg Go {I upon Earth. ' .\ Jd to this. That the Frame and Com- ^jx'^u;r£ of Ibme Fjabns ( m.ore efpeciaily Pfilms Chap. 4. The Temple Mufick. 85 ffalms of Praife ) are fuch as do plainly I difcover, that they were divided mtoP art and fang by Turns^ (^d) Some Pfalms do fuddenly alter from an Extafy of Joy to a I FaJJion of Grief or the contrary 5 and there- fore one Pafiion is fit to (a)Pfal. 3. PJah 3a be exprelTed by one Man ff^' ^ ' and another by another. W J^S. 1, 2. : (^) In fome Ffalms the ^0.21 p , Prieft doth ( as it were) (c) Pj^/. 20. 1.2. 'fpeak to the People, and 3«4» . the People to the Prieft^ the Trthe of Lev/^ or the Houfe of Aaron as when they call. ! upon each other to praife God, or ( c) when J the Prieft bleffeth the People, in the fame ^ manner as after the Creed in oar Liturgy-^ I when theMinifterfaith^T/^^fLmfe vphhyou^ and the People anfwer. And with thy Spir'n. , Of this we have a remarkable Inftance ifi the \ Twentieth Pfahn v/here the firft Part of the four fir ft Verfes are proper for tht PriesI^ [ and the latter for the People. He prays , jfor them, The Lord hear thee in the Day ^ of Trouble^ and they anfwer. The i^ame of ,^ It he God cf Jacob defend thee, heprays^ y \Send thee help fro?n his SanBuary^ and they ' I anfwer, A?id strengthen thee out of Ziofh He prays, Reme?nber all thy Offerings^ and i they anfwer. And accept thy burnt Sacrifice, ■ He prays, Grant thee according to thine omi . G 3 Heart., 86 The Temple Mufick Chap. 4- Hearty and they anfwer, JnJ fulfil aU thy Counfeh and then foilow fuch Expreflions as may make a full Chorus^ with {d) a Verfe proper for the Friesi intermix- (d)v,6. ed with them. Qe) Some anV{f/^' P/^/wj confift of ^uemons to (f)?ral 1-^6 t)emade by one, and Anjwers ( ^ Pfal 10-^'^ returned by another. :/} if 1 5^.2*1,3 One Pfalm repeats thefe words at the End of every Vefe, For his 7ncrcy endurethfor ever:^ as if the former Pai t was exprelied only by one, and this the conftant Chorus, {g) Another Ffahn repeats Four times the fame words, which are a Subjecl very fit to be fung by the whole Congregation, after they had heard the Vv onderfiii Works of God declared to them in the other Parts of the fame ffahrr^ (h) and another repeats twice a Verfe (f fraife proper for a Chorus^ tho' the begin- Ch) ^faU Vfdlm is a Petition (57. 3. 5. ' for the Propagation of the OJP/^/.iiS. Gofpel. (fij Some Pfalms v^- ( kj FfjL peat the lame Words in fuch s35andi5o. ^ manner, as if one was taking each Sentence from the Mouth of another 5 the Scholar from the Mafter. (k) And others fpeak of praifing God by particular Ferfojis , or F articular Inftrumetits 3 and then conclude with ^General Exhortation^ and Chap. 4. The Temple Mvfich 87 1^ jand thefe might be defignedtobe repeat- jed at the Begmning jDySomt in their Turns^ but to be fung or faid at the En J by AH, y. 'And if they might have the fame, or a Jike lie diftindionof Verfes in their Pfalms^ to what we have at this Time (of which I fliall fpeak in the following Chapter) then it is fj probable , that in all other Pfalms^ they 1^ aniwered one the other, Verfefor Verfe, as we do in our Cathedrals. LaHlj;^ That they anfwered one another |, in Singing after this manner, may be far- ther evident, from the ufe of the Hebrew Verb rijy which being to anfwer^ in the . proper, and native Signification thereof, is I alfo ufed for to Stng. When Mofes fpake , of them that worfhipped the Golden Calf he faid, (I) It is not the Voice of them that \ Shout for Maftery^ 7ior the Voice of them that Cry for being overco?ne ^ r/)EW,32. hut tbe Voice of them that Sing 18. do I hear in the Hebrew ^ip (m) Num 21. r,1:y the Voice of them that ^7- anfwer one another. So in Ifraels Song of the Well ; (7n) Spring up^ 0 Well^ Sing ye to 7ty in the Hebrew it is, n*7 uy aifwer unto it. {n) So in the Pfalms where we tranflate S?>/^ tmto the Lord mth Thanksgivi7ig 3 fing praifes iipon the Harp unto our God: In G 4 the 88 The Temple Miifick. Chap, 4. the Hebrew it is ^Jp Jnfwer unto the Lord with Thanksgiving. And in (0') If at ah In that Di-iy fmg ye unto her^ a Vineyard cfredffmei in the Hebrew it is nS -tiyi (9) Ifai. 27, ^^f^^f' ye unto her. Thus we* 2. have before the Captivity, the ( ^.^J^. 3. concurrent Teftinionies of Afc- fes^ the Prophets J gindthtPfalms concerning this matter. And fince the! Captivity (p) there is another, v^hich mayj put all out of doubt, where it is exprefly faid bhn^, -uy^l a?id they anfipereJ each o- ther m Praifes (which we rightly tranfJate) a?id they fang together by Courfe^ m prmfinz^ and giving Thanks mito the Lord^ becYnfe he is good^ for his Mercy endureth for ever towards Ifrael. Neither was this Cufto'ii only in Jmha ^ fmce the Prophet {q) Jere^niah feems to allude alfo to the fame a- (0 >. 51. 14. ^^^^^g ^j,^^ -^^^j^^^ . ^ (r) Focockjon Hofea. when thev came up a-' Chap. 2. 15. Pag. g^lnMabylonthcy ihhuld ; ■ ' lift tip a Shout againft her^ ' in Hebrew -n\n T'b'y -uyV and they ' fiiall- anfwer againfl thee with a Shout 3 and the learned (rJDr. Pocock ffpeaking of the Verb n^y that when it is ufed for Singing ■ it is ufually underftood of fuch Singi?ig m which ovx anfwers another Jtells us alfo that . ■ accord- Chap. 4. The Temple Ivhfick. 89 according to this Notion, an Antient Arabick Tranflation out of the Hebrew^ renders the Words of ff^. 2. 1 5. thus, nntz;:^ laii^JHs and jhe jhall fmitually anfwer there with Mirth^ with Songs, or inSinging: And certainly the Arabians would not have ufedthis Phrafe^ in the Tranflation of that Text, if it had not alluded to a Cuftom among them^ And as it was the Praddfe of the Jews^ and in other Places 3 fo it feems to be as much in ufe among the Chr'^Jlians^ in the firft x\ges of the Gofpel. (/J) P% tells us what they did in Fciitiis^ and Eithyma un- der Trajan the Emperor. O Socrates makes Iffiathis^ the firft Bifliop of Antioch in Syria the (/)/% Book 10. Beginner therept, even (^)Socrates hisEcde^ imdcv the Apo files them- fialUcal Hijhry^hook felves. mSr.Bafilh^vim ^!.^^}*P;,^1 brought' this Cuftom m^^ ^^^^^^P^^' to his Church, before they of Neoc^efarea ufedit, S'^W/n/<5^theHeretick,and Marcellm tookOccafion thereat to incenfe theChurches ^igainft- him, as being the Author of new Devices in theWorfliipof God 3 Where- upon to avoid the Opinion of Novelty, and Singularity, he alledgeth for that which himfelf did the Example of the Churches in Egypt^Libya^ Thebes^ Paleflina^ the Ara- kia?iSj PhamicianSy Syrians^ and M^fopota- mia?u^ 90 The Temple Muftck. Chap. 4, mians^ and in a manner, all that reverenced the Cuftom of Singing Pfalms together and {t) Flathia teftifies, that (t) ?Utin^{n the J)amafm Bijioop of Rome rwid^t^ began it ini.sT™e,tho= verfe 5p. probaDle that they had heard , and approved of this Method long before ^ fince C"^) Vir- gil feems to allude to it when he faid. Jhernls dtcetis^ amant alterna Cammidi, Hitherto we clearly fee the Method of Singing in the Temple to have a very great Refemblance with our Cathedral Worfhip. If they had their Infcrumental^ as well as Vccal Mufck 5 So have we. If their 5/>/j^- ers flood in the Dejks^ and the Boys flood directly under them, ail cloathed in White JJnnen 5 fo it is with us. If they had their VvAcentor to begin their Tz^^/d'.j and their Vfahns 5 fo have we. If they had Singers Levites^ or might be of another Tribe 5 we have aifo fonie which are Or- dained^ and others in a Lay Capacity. If they anfwerd each other in fmging^ or fimg by Twiis 3 fo do wc. If they had vari- ces ways of Singing 3 fo have we. Some- times we do all begin together, as in finging, or faying the Creed.^ or the Lord's-prayer. Sometimes the People aniVer with a low Voice^ as in the Confefflon 3 and fometimes in I Chap. 4. The Temple Mufick. 9 1 I in a hwder Voice ^ as at the Gloria Patrz. ! Sometimes we read each Verfe by Turns, as in the Chanting of the Vfalms^ fometimes the People follow the Minifter in finging the fame Words^ as at the beginning of the Litany 3 fometimes in different Words ^ as at the Refponfes'^ fom.etimes in Part of the WordSj as in the Litany, Spare us^ good Lord 5 and W^e hefeech thee to hear iis^ good Lord, And left all this fliould not be^fuf- ficient, we have an Anthem to be fung, where the Compofer is at liberty to ufe the utmoft Strains which either Art or Fancy can invent, either in a fingle Vart^ or in a Co7ifort 5 that as the Teinple Mnfick was the beft in the Land of Canaan ^ fo our Cathe- dral mi^t not beinferiour to what may be heard in other Places5 and thatfuch who are delighted with Mnfick may not be under the Temptation to frequent the Stage^ or thofe Places which tend rather to the De- bauching of Youth, and Corrupting of good Manners 5 but may at once have an Opportunity both to pleafe their Ears\ and edifj their Soids. And therefore our Ca- thedrals are the only Places in England^ which h?ytgathered up the Fragments ofAji- tiquity ( in relation to Church Mufick ) that nothifig fnight he loft^ and at the fame time hath left a skilful Artift wholly at libertv to §2 The Temple Mtifick Chap. 5. to make the utmoft improvements which the Age is capable of. CHAP. V. Of the Kinds of Verfes, cr Poefy ztfed in the Ffalms. IN order to treat of the Antient Voefy of the Hebrews^ it will be necelTary, Firft^ To lay down fuch Notions as will agree with the whole Book of Vjahns^ and fuch other parts of the Scnpture as are called Foeticaly without any I'ranfpofition or Al- teration. Secondly^ To conlider whether the Vfalms are written in Vrofe or in Verfe, Thirdly^ To treat of the Opinion of fome that the Ffahm were written in Meter. And Lafily^ Of others who affirm they were written in Rhijne. As to the Ffalms in general, it may pofi- tively be affirmed 5 Firjl^ that the Style of them is different from the reft of the Scri- pture. It coniifts not in Htftory^ like fome other parts of the Bible, or in tedious Ha- rangues like fom.e Human Writings 5 but in Pious Ejaculations either of Prayer or Praife. The Style is fhort, and contains in it an Elegance peculiar to it feif^ and the Hebrew Chap, The Teifiple MiiJlcL 95 Hebrew Language 5 it is alfo adorned with variety of Figures. The Sentences are comprehended in few Words, but full to the purpofe, and hardly to be equalled by any other Author, Secondly^ As the Pfalms were regulated by the JewiJJj Mufick^ fo we may conclude that they had a DifthiBion ofVerfes^ and pro- bably that the Verfe ended where the Sence was moft clear and intire, Thtjews do many of them affirm that there was no fuch Diftindion until the {^u ) Maforhes of Tyberias^ who made this >. , ^ „ P-/fi°"-, And accord- ^2^^^^ mgly (x) Kabbi hhas^ a cus. pag. 58. Man of gxeat i^ote a- (^) EUas in his mong them, gives this Book of the ^ccf;?^/. Account^ After the Ma- ^' forites i?^:?^/ began to f hue theVomt^and hz- cents in every Verfe ^ they jirfi confidered^ where the E7id of the Verfe ought to be:^ a\- thd they had it i?i the Law by a Tradition from Mofes, and there they added two thick Points, in this manner [ ; ] throughout the Bible. But tho' the Maforitts made this Diftindion by Points, yet they were not the Dividers of the Verfes. Elia^ faith they had this by a Tradition from Mofes. / ) UiM Befides, in tht Jewif: (y) Mifl^- MegilUhzp. neh the Author tells us plainly 3 3. pag. 220 94 77-^ Temple Muftck, Chap. 5; We do not^^dtftinguifb any Verfe, except' what Mofes diftinguifhed. And he gives this Rule: That he who reads in the Law ( to the People) jhall not read lefs than three Verfes^ he pjall not read more out of the Chaldee Faraph'afe^ than one Verfe ^ aiid three out of the Prophets. So that here is a plain Diftinftion of Verfes, long before the Maforhes invented the Vowels , and Accents^ tho' it is not fo plain, ^how that | Diftindion was made. But it feems moft probable, that it was only a void Space , and the Maforhes adding two Points might ^ive the Occafion to the Jews to look on them as the Dividers of the Verfes. Thirdly J We may fuppofe tht Verfes to be of the fafne Length at that time, as we find them now. All the Chapters in the (jrj Lamentations except one, begin with a feveral Letter placed in an Alphabetical Order, and each of thefe Let- Cz^ Lament, ^^^g^ ^^^q thnce repeated in the Chap. 1,2, ^h^d ch^ptej,^ Now thefe ^- ' ' crojlicks plainly fhew a diftin- clion of Verfes throughout Four fucceffive Chapters 3 and if there wasfuch a Diftin- ftion inoneBook, why may we not exped the fame in another? Befides, id)?fal.u9. xhe Pfalms, do abound with Acroficks of this nature. In (a J one Ffalm each Chap. 5. The Temple Mufick. 95 each Letter is eight times repeated in the Beginnings of the Verfes. In (c) another there is an Jcroftick Letter at the Beginning of every other Verfe. In ( ^ ) others at the Beginning of each 57- Verfe, and in others at the ^^^^Y"^^' 5"^' Beginning and Middle of each (APfiliir Verfe : and all thefe do fhew and 1 13. that fuch a Diftinclion of Ver- fes ( notwithftanding the Opinion of fome Jews to the contrary) was originally de- figny. Befides, the frequent Anaphoras at the Be- ginnings of Verfes ( fuch as CfJ thofe cited in the Margin) may be made iife of as an Argument to prove the fame 3 and alfo the Epi^ (/I ^f^"^^ firophes^ or Lndmgs or ,c, u, 12. 5^. Verfes in the fameWords^ lo, u. Pfal. 73. 2, which fas we find them ^3* 27. Fj^L in(g) other placesjare J^;,'^,!' ^^^^ V,' very remarkable, and in n8. 6, 7^ 8, 9. (h ) one P/^fo/ from the pfal.i2^, 1,2. and Beginning to the End. In 3' ^' 5- Lam or (jreek when the ffal]t\6.% 9, Poets ufe fuch Vigiires^ (g)FfaL 118. r, 2, they are generally placed 3, 4? and lo, ii, attheBeginningsorEnd- [f^pj^^^^ ^ ings of their Verfes, and the fame may be faid of the Hebrew. We ^6 The Temple Mitfick Chap. 5. {t)?faU 42. 6, and We find alfo (/) the 12. and 43. 5- fameVerfeswkdLixmxxtnt- %Xf^fiS. ly in difFerent Places of 4P. i2,and2o./'jQ/. tht rfahns^ and nave no 56. 4, and JO. reafonto doubt that they 57. 4^ and 10. ^fd. Ij^^i Verfes, which 60, 5, to the end. ^ ry., and 108, ^, to are thus repeated. Thus the end. ffd. 57. 8, we find firgil hath often to the end, and placed the fame Verfes '""^'I'T^r^f't^' in different Parts of his 3, and 5c fjdU 80. 7, . 1 r i - and 10. if 'al 99^ 5, Writings, and we fcarcely and p. "^faL 103. i, find any Inftances of this 2, and 2^ 22. }fal. Nature where the Ver- ZVA'^^t fesarenotintire. 3nd 108. 1, and 136. We find alfo fome In- 1. fjal, 107. 8, and ftances of the fame Word 3 5.and^2^and 31. amending one Sentence, n8. I, and ^ ^ - . i - (UP/4. 121. 1,2. and immediately begm- }jal 122. 2, 3. ffaL ning another by the Fi~ '23* 2, 3. giire called Anadiplojis:^ and as the fame Word doth end, and begin a difi^erent Sentence, we may fuppofe it (ac- cording as we find fuch Inftances in Latin and Greek Foets^ioti^A. and begin a diffe- rent Verfe. So that ihould we grant that the MaforHes had no other Direclion, and that they were the firft Dividers of the Ver- fes5 yet they had great Reafon to divide them in this manner 5 and that they only made the Ends of the Verfes more diftinit, but Chap. 5 . The Temple Mufwh 57 but retained the fame Length which they had in the Days of the Fhfi Te?nple. FoiirtUy^ The Verfes^ in thofe Parts of Scripture which are called Poetical^ areu- fually fJ)orter than thofe m the Rejl of the Bible. This is evident to any one who reads a Tranfatto7i^ and is much more vifible, if we obferve the frequent Ellipfes which are in the Original Laflly^ Each of thefe Verfes conffts of two Parts ^ which in our Tranfation are divided from each other by 2iColo?i^ and in the Original by an Accent called Athiiack^ and at the End of each Verfe ( marked with a Period in our Wefiern Tranflations and with the Accent Silluk in Hebrew ) the Sence is clear a?idfulL In the Proverbs each Verie confifts of two Sentences, which nfually treat of contrary Subjects : But in the Pfalrns each Verfe ufually confifts of two Sentences, which will ferve to explain each other. Thus in the hatin and Greek Foets^ when they write in Hexameter^ and Pentameter Verfe 3 or indeed in any other where the Verfes are of different Meafures, and they obferve the fame Order , at each End of their propofed Method the Sence is clear. This Divifion of a Verfe into two Parts is vifible in a Tranfation^ but abun- 4antly more apparent in the Original, H For ^8 " TbeTtmph Mtfck^ Chap.5. For there wc find (1} frequent Anaphoras^ fometinies in the fa7m \ ij ) Ffai 19,4, 1 1. J/- r / y fotBetimes in 10, F^l 66. 9. Fpti. the Mtddle rd-r/^^' ^'i. F/^L ?7. 2« ami tht Beiimiinf of the T-^.';:^-^: >) fo,netimes ' ^4c 1.5 9, 5^. rid. : the fame Efijlrophe or 0 Biding m bvtb Parts oi %o. fi^L 14s, ! . |>f^« the lame f ^s-r/^ 5 ( ^ J and 144, ff^L 7r fometimes the famdfords * both inthe%i^^»m^a {mj ffd, 11$. It, 1 1^ Ending by the Figufe^)^;^/- fK.,B. if,i^. ^^^^^^ .Sbmetimesweiiii(i /■f7) Ff^t iQ. ffal a (/?J Kepetitim of the ' ' ^« 5* fame Word in the Be^in- nmgof the latter Part of '(Qjpj'd.ii^. i.pfd, the Verfe^ which con- ^l^FM.^t^H^ ^l^ded the former, and ( I ) i^f^/. ill, , and that by an Elegant Jm- tual Acrojhck which we iiiid iii iom^Pfilms, is made fay obfervingthisi Order in both Parts of the Verfe. And the u'mi(r)Se!ah^ which is ufually fomid in the End of a Verfe ^ is alio found at the Endj of the firftPartj all which do make the Di- viiioiiofa Verfe into two Parts to be very apparentj but efpeciaily in the Original .5 which feemi for thefe Reafons to be more Ciirioiifly C^mpofcd for fucb. a way of fingf Chap. 5.. The Temple Mvjivk 99 ng, which we call The Chanting of the Pfalms^ than can be imitated in any exad Tranflation. ^ I This is all which I Ihall affirm concern- in the Poejy of the Hebrew FfaUns^ which fe not fufficient ( as I do imagine ) to con- vince any impartial Reader that the Pjalms were ' ^^^tjf^r the He^ Origmally written m p,orc,oT Verfe 5 tho* I cannot but la VeKfc, town that we fliouH foon j be obliged to believe it, if we wefe to be ; determined in this Cafe, by the greateft^ 'jNumber of Teftimonies, and efpecially fuch las are more antient: And if we believed ■this, it would ftill be a greater Difficulty to j judge, whether the Poejy confifted in Rhyme ^ pr in Meafure. I The Famous (t') Krcher^ in his Mufur- Univerfalis handles this Queftion at arge, and concludes the Pfalms to have been written in Verfe ^ ^ x ^- / 1 - From the Teftimony of gJ^J^^-''- [enantttis^ bediiliits^ Hie- 'ome^Eifebhis^ Augiift77ie^Athanafni^^ andy^;- l^phm^ as alfo from the Titles of the Pfahns^ mt Acrofticks^ Tropes and f/g^wj, fuch is ^ Repetition, of the lame Words ^ or Verfes^ Anaphora^ and feveral others 5 and alfo be-. -SFufe they wtxcSung to hfhumejital Mi fich H a and ICO The Temple Mufick. Chap. 5. and at| laft , taking it for granted that they were written in Verfe^ he enquires into the ; feveral forts of Verfe^ and gives the opini-| ons of feveral Author s, of whom he tells us, fome thought they were Hexameters ,1 fome Pentameters ^ fome Sapphkks ^ and fome lambicks. But at laft he adds^ that left he fhould fay nothing in fo obfcure a matter, he thinks fit to give his Opinion in tliefe Words : Ifay^ we 7mtjl ?iot think that the Hexameter, lambick, afjJ Sapphick Verfes are the fame with our Lathi Poets, and do Cunfisi of the fame Quantity ^ Quality^ and Order of Feet^ hit to be far different in all thefe RefpeBs becaufe that very antient Poetry of the Hebrews takes often other Feet^ between the Dactyles, and Spondees, and often chaft^es that Order y a?id Method which IS obferved by other Poets. And more par- ticularly he affirms : That the Hebrews are wont to interpofe in their Verfes^ feveral wmfual Rhimes which are contrary to tht Custom of other Poets^ and which the plain Reader is not capable of unilerst anding^ This he fpeaks only in general Terms, but not defcending to treat of Particulars (except in one fingle Inftance ) he hath left this Matter, as obfcure as he found it. The Ghap. 5. The Temple Mufich 1 01 ' The Learned (u) Buxtorf in the End of ! his Thefauriis Grammatum endeavours alfo to prove, that the Parts of the Bible ^ which ; we call Poetical , are written in Ferfe , and not in Pr^Tp" 5 and argues alfo from the TeRimony of St. Hierome^ ^ %/..fc.,andothers,from^ ^^^^^ the Nature ot the J^^-^wzrj", fi4t^ MemcL Paf. and the Stjile^ which a« ^2$. bounds with many racJPag.da7. res^ and fuch as are ufu- ally in Poetical Authors'^ and faith as much in the Proof hereof, as the nature of the Caufe would bear. But at laft he that took fo much Care and Pains to clear up this Matter leaves it as very doubtful 5 for he confelTeth, that (x) fmce the Meafure Number ^ .r/j'rfe^ the Da3yle muft be wanting5 or if they compofed lambicks^ there could be no Triha- €hus^ DaBykj nor Jnapeji 5 and confequently their Meafifres muG: be very defedive. The Latin and Greek have variety of Moods and Tenfes^ and th^ M^de Voice is alfo a great ad- vantage to the Gr<^:^^x in this Refped : Now the Hebrews have no difFerent and Tenfes : but the whole.f^r^ is comprehend- ed in the Prefent^ and fMure Tefife^ . tliQlm- per alive ^ mdlnfiniti^ie Jifood md Participle^ and tho' there are different Conjugations^ y et whoever canfiders that a Verb very ufual in one Conjugation is but feldom found to have another ( or if another 5 yet not in the fame Tenfe) unlefs of a very different Significati- on^ will fkid but iittk Ufe of this Advai> t:age-in Conjugatiom where the Quantities 112 The Temple Muftck Chap. 6. differ. The Latiris and Greeks have a far greater Vimber of Words than the Hebrews^ and therefore if one Word did not ferve their Imz, they could ufe another 3 befides they had theLiberty of adding newWords ^ tht Greeks by coftrpowiding of them, and the Latins hy borrowing them from the Greeks : but as the Number oi Words in Hebrew were few, fo they had neither of thefe Advanta- ges. The Froprtety of the Oriental Laji- guages cbnflfts in avoiding of all Compound- edWords:^ and the Hebrew was fo pure that we fcarceiy meet with any borrowed Word^ unlefsin fuch Parts of the Scripture which were written about the Timt of the Baby- lonijjj Captivity. TheL/^mwhave a few Syl- lables in their Language which they reckon either long or jloort 3 as the iaft Syllable of moft Words ^nAmg in (o)^ a Diphthong before a Vowel^ Siiid 2L Jhort Vowel htfoxt a. Mi4te^ and '\ Liquid : But the Number of Common Syl- lables among the Greeks is very great, be- iidethofe Rz/Z^j- which the Latins borrowed from them, and the Liberties which their Foets took 5 which could not be taken by the Hebrews^ fince as they are determined to fuch particular Vowels^ which may be known by Gr^/ww^r and 17/^, tho' they are not exprelfed^ fo theft Vowels are in their own nature^ either long or Ihrt without Ex- Chap. 6« The Temple Muftck, 115 Exception. lihtGr.eeks have feveral Exple^ \tive f ankles^ which ferve to fill up a Verfe-^ but the Hebrews have none* They have ah {ofive difthiEl BialeBs^ which the Poets (tho they might generally keep clofe to one of them) would never fcruple to intermix^ when Occafion did require it. But he who would write in a different BialeB of the Hebrews^ muft turn his Pen to the Chaldee^ or Syriacky &c. and confequently write in a different Language. And therefore as the Latin and Greek Languages did fuit more particularly to fuch a ifefric^/ PoeJ)-^ fo the Nature of the Hebrew is extreamlyoppofite, Seccndly^ Before the Jews were carried Captives into Babylon^ the Word whereby they exprelTed any of their Voefy^ was ei- ther "i^u; or mQiQ, both which Words be- ing derived from fuch Verbs^ as fignify td fing^ might properly be applied to any thing, which was fang^ whether it was Trofe or Verfe^ and to nothing elfe. After the Capti- vity^ the Rabbles would frequently ( when Neceffity required it ) borrow Words from other Languages^ and ufe them in their own. Accordingly being acquainted with the Greek Foets^ they borrowed from them the Word ui'S to fignify a Toem, Now if they had a Word of their own to fignify the fame thing, it is not reafonable to fuppofe I they 1 14 The Temple Miiftch Chap. 6. they would have coined a new Word^ un- lefs they found fomething that was New ex- preffed thereby^ and therefore the Meafures of the Greeks and Latifis were unknown to the Hebrews^ until they became acquainted with their Languages. To this Kircher objefts the iiith Pfalm^ which is an Acroftk\ and where all the Parts are regular. But if this was true, yet fince it is very evident, that there are fe- veral other Acrofttcks in other Pfalms^ and they are all irregular (except Ffal. 112.) it can be no good. Argument^ to prove itfromthat one, which we fee fo generally contradifted by all the Reft. To this may alio be Objefted the Tefti- niony of Jofephus^ who affirms. That D^y'id compofed OdQsanJ W pfifhHs Jemfi Hymns in praife of God, Anttquitm^ Book 7« ^ \ 1 r- j i rr Chap. iQ. f'"^'^^^ V'^fif and that fo?ne of them were Tpmeters, and fome were Pentanie-' ters. But as what he AlTerts is without any Proof, and the Names of the Verfes he mentions are apparently G;v^/4^ Poefj. But as C/m'S.^ Notion is faife, fo the Author he alledgeth. Confutes he endeavours to Prove. The Rule concerning kmg and jloort Syllables, viz. That all Syllables are long ^ either hy Pofition of two Confanajits^ as in Latin and Greek, or by aQvikfcmt Letter like a Diphthongs and all Chap, 7' The Temple Mujich 121 all others arejhort^ is fo plain, that it need- ed not any fet Difcourfe to Expound it 5 and Jl-Pharachid defines a Perfe^ by cal- ling it, Jn Oration confifttng of Meafure and Rhyme, according to the Intention of thefirfl Gompofer . And tho' the Rule is fo Ihort, yet it is more Full and Diftind than all the Rules mt\\t Latin ^iXiA Greek Rrofodia-^ fince the Quantity is diftinguiflied not by found only, but alfo by Letters^ and confeqlient- ly not a Syllable left Indifferent as in the other Languages^ but each determined to its juft Quantity by a fmgle Rule, And tho' there was not any Arahick Prafodia before the Eighth Century^ yet Poets might take their Methods from a Natural Observation of others (as we do in England^ tho' we have no fet Rules to direft us. If there is fometimes a different Foot in an Arabick Verfe^ it can no more prove the Arabick Voefy to be Irregular, than a Spondee bemg the Fifth Foot of an Hexameter:^ or the Variety of Feet in an lambick Verfe^ can be an Argument againft the Latin, What Le Clerc .refers to in the Arabick Frofodia Printed at Oxford^ 1 fup- pofe is contained in the Fifth Chapter ^ Fag, 15. intituled, De Fedurn Mutationibus : But had he read as far as the End of the fame 12 2 T^^ Tetnple Mufich Chap* 7. faro^ Chapter^ [?] Vag. 34, he had found Enough to confute his iqmt4^utmqmd Notion, concerning the ImLfmVfJcrmm Irregularity of the Ara- wMvk Ucere^ am f ro hick Vrofodia '^ and tho' a^ufqi, Avhitxio^ vil the Vrofodia was made at etkafn:^rHdimaUt ^^^^ ^^^^^ Guadagnolus ^r^e- Uxe tra/kns^ fentm mdetur)cum ejufma" S finieorum nonnuU ut ft non ornnino fugienda. parcifftme tanten adhthenda (tf^ty mierorum vero Vjus Legihus qmhttfdam^ qmft CamdUs defini- ^tur^ ac circtmfcn" Irffier, quas trafi/gre^ ik nejFas habetur, [y Arth ^jm inveni-orem per- ktbent fai^ kU?h^' rachid, qui fuh Al- Raftiido Chalifa ft^- rmffe fatur^ quam- ms. enm Poefis a]>ud Arabcs, hnge ante iU'ms d^tatm Jummo Jhdia Gulta fmriu told by [^] the fame Au- thor which he cites, that there w^ere iiiany famous Voets anipng them long before. And therefore as Rhymes without due Meafure cannot be found in Arabick^ fo neither have we any Reafon to look for them in He- hrem, |t is certain that 'Erfe- niifs hath Printed Three Himdred Arabick Pro- verbs among which, Thhty Four have Rhymes^ and fome of thefe da want an exaff Meafure. But we can no more guefs at th^ Nature of the Arabick Voems from their Vrovetbs^ than we can make any Inference from the EfigHpj Froverhs^ tofliewthe Nature of the Englifi Chap. 7. The Temple M^tjich 125 Englijh Poe^. Or if this was a good Way of Arguing, xhtnThe Proverbs ^Solonion^ having very few Rhj/nies^ may fliew us, that it is the fame alfo in the Pfalms of David ^ the one being fuppofed by the Jews to be written in Verfe as much as the other. The Carmen Togral ( mentioned by he Clerc, Fag. 299. ) doth end ^ntinually in the Rhyme (It) but as it is evident to one who did never read their Frofodia^ that in this Poem each Verfe confifts of Fowteen Syllables ^ fo this Inftance might Confute his Notion of the Inequality of their Verfes. But Le Clerc tells us, that Mahomet wrote mod in Rhyme^ tho' the Periods were very unequal, and therefore the Pfalms^ &:c. might be fo likewife. As for the Rhymes of Mahomet ( I think) it may be affirmed that they are as few, and unaftefted, as the Na- ture of the Language will admit of 5 and an impartial Reader may find as many in the A- rabick TranJIatiofi of the mi^. as ui his m Jlco- Pl'^^T'^^ 9^P* ran. It js true that he Life of Makomtt challengeth, in many Pag. 37. Places, Men and Devils {^0 ^f^'^ naTsgii toequaltheElegaacyof ^^^^E. his Style 3 and both {m) tin 104. Printed by Antient , and Modern Pi"» fococks Writers 124 Temple Mufick Chap. 7. Writers allow it this Charafter 5 but neither he himfelf, nor any other takes Notice of his Poefy : and a young Troficient^ who hath only learnt [^?"] Erpenhts his Jrabick Grammar^ andtheChap- (nj Efjenim his ter taken out of the J/- fi^^e/m.Pag/iSs. ^^^^^.,^attheKnd thereof, % may from thence guefs at the fcarcity of Rhymes in other Places.But if from the Elegancy of his Style we muft conclude that he wrote either in Rhyme^ or in Meafnre^ we may for the fame Rea- fon affirm that Cicero was a Foet^ as well as He. But fliould we grant that Mahomet did write mVerfe (yjh^Kh cannot be granted) yet the Nature of the Hebrew Language doth very much differ from the Arabick. The one is Barren of V/ords^ the other frodigioitjly Copmus 5 the one never hath tiva JImt Syllables together, which is very frequent in the other. The one hath no Cafes ^ the other hath Three, The one is a very Antient^ and the other a very Late Language^ fo that there can be no juft In- ference from the Poejy of the One, to the Poejy of the Other. In Order to reduce the Pfalms to Rhymes he Clerc is willing that all thefe Allowan- ces Ihould be granted: Chap. 7. The Temple MtiJtcL 125 Fir ft, (0) That the Hebrews not being Polilhed*, took little care to reduce their ?o^fy to Art, as ^ W Pago the Arabians did lince, and the Rabbies after them. Secondly , That the Rhymes are not always Sweety and fome- times confifted of different Letters. ThirJ- /v. That the Number ?of Rhj^nes is not no Manner of Meafure in their ^ . p P^r/^j". From all which the 238^ jPi/?^ r ? J Inference naturally f Pag. follows^ that they did not in- ^40. tend to write in Pejfe^ but only in Prvfe. However^ is very Senfible, that notwithftandingall thefe Allowances which he craves, the Hebrew Ffalms as they now are, will not juftify his Hypothecs (there being not above Twenty Verfes in the whole Ffalmsj which have an exact Rhyme) and therefore he very ftrenouiiy advanceth a- nother Notion f^'i^sj That the Hebrew Vfalms were Originally written in ii^^?;?^ 5 but by frequent Copies, and Misfor- tunes of the Jews^ as alfo by Length of Time, and neglect of Oriental Learning the Words have been fo tranfpofed^ that the Rhymes are generally loft, and there- fore it will be neceffary to tranfpofe them again, and fo fhall we find the Original, Fourthly , (p ) That they obferved But 126 TJoe Temple Mitfich Chap. 7. But thisOpinion is attended with fucll ill Confequences, which I hope Le Clerc did not confider^ or that if he had, he would have been much more cautious in x^lTerting it, I lliould in Charity Believe, that he intended not to flialce the Authority of the Original Scriptures ^b\xt whdX he AlTertsfeems to look too plainly that Way. If we fup- pofe the Pfabns to h^vc been thus altered, we may as truly fuppofe the fame of all the Old Teflament ^ and the Arguments he urgeth, will be as conclufive in this Re- peS. Indeed if the Pfabns could be turn- ed into a Rhythmical ?oefy^ with the Alte- ration only of a few Vhrfes^ this Notion might look more probable : But when al- moft every Verfe muft be altered, and fome Alterations niuft be very Confiderable, T/minftead of covrtdin^tht Old Book will make a New One 5 and every one, who fancieth he hath Skill in turning the He- brew into Khyme^ lhall have the liberty of impofing upon the World, a new Original of the Bible. If this is allowed , all SeBs will immediately produce fuch a Verfan^ would Favour their Opiniotis 5 and we lliould have as many different ^i/^/^j' as we hzvc Parties. The Church of Rome tells us that the Hebrew is corrupt, that fo flie may eftablifli the H/Zj;^^ Lath TraxP Jlation^ Chap. 7. The Temple Mitftch 127 Jlatmiy and if we grant their Argument^ we may let them aloiie to build upon it what they pleafe. Befides if om Origzml Copies are not true, it would give too great an Advantage to Jtheijis^ Dei/is^ and thers to Reject the whole. So that we can- not be too Cautious in Aflerting fuch No« tions, left thereby we give way to all Im- piety. In Le Cle-rcs Effay he tells us, that the ii^thPfalm imitates the Carmeji Tograi in A>'abick^ where every other Verfe ends in //, and the Verfes in this Pfalm do end in T[. Now there are but Sixty One Ver- fes in the Vfalm which do fo end : And two Thirds of the Ve7]fes muft be altered in a Pfaim^ which Le Clerc thought would moft favour his Defign, it is no Difficulty to guefs what Alterations muft be expefted in other Places. But the Integrity of the Hebrew Text ha- ving been conftantly maintained againft the Chitreh of Kome^ by all Perfwafions in the Protejiant Religion^ it is the more Admira» ble, that fuch a Notion ftiould be ftarted in this Age 3- a Notion attended with the worft of Confequences, and which may be confuted by fo many Arguments. For Firft^ The Notion of thefe Changes and Alterations in the Bihle is Injimons to - . God's 128 The Temple Muftck Chap. 7, Gods Providence^ as if he had not taken the fame Care of the Sacred Cdnon^ which we fee daily taken of Authors^ far Inferiour in Value Who doubts but We have the Ge- nuine Writings of Horner^ Findar^ Herodo^ tus^ &ic. without any material Alteration? And if the Providence of God hath kept thefe free^ Why fhould he not do the fame by his own?fW.^ The Samaritans made but one Alteration in the Pentateuch^ and we find it eafily Deteded. The Church of Rome hath as much endeavoured to corrupt the Fathers^ but we know they have failed in their Attempt. And therefore (as our Saviour argued) \j] If God cloatheth the ^ I Grafs^ lhall he not cloath us .c to the Myglot Drought them from Other B/^/e,con:crning the Countries to dwell in S^^^- Samaritan Verfton. they introduced i ^ ^ Mtxture 0jKel2g70fUy2ina were plagued witTi Liovs^ which was im-| puted to their not knowing theManiier of the God of the Land. Accordingly one of the Priefts was appointed by the King of] AJfyria to dwell there and teach the People 5 and then, at leaft, we may fuppofe they had the Pentate^uh brought them from Je- riifalem, if they had it not from the Tifnc of their Rebellion againft the Houfe of David. When Arch Bifiop UJher employed^ and fent Men into Afa^ to buy up all the Oriental Books which could be met with ^ he recovered one Hebrew Pentateuch in the Samaritan CharaBer^ and another in the Samaritan Language 5 and he who compares each of thefe with the Hebren? Bible will find them to dixFer very inconfiderably , except Chap* 7 . The Temple MufwL 131 except where the Mount Gariz^hn feems .mentioned by a De{5gn, or fome whole Verfes have, been Tra?ifpofeJ^ and the great- eft Number of Differences are Occafioned only by the Adding or Omitting the Letters, (^)and (^J), in fuch Places, where the Sence and Pronuficiation remain intire. Now if ei- ther the Samaritan or iht Hebrew had been altered, they could not have agreed fo well, as that in moft^ Verfes every Letter is the fame. And, fince the Jews had no Dealing with the Samaritans J but wrote in another CharaEter 5 this is fuch a Providence for con- firming the Truth of the Hebrew Text^ by their Agreement in this Matter with each o- thcr, that we may from hence conclude their moft Antient Books have been thus prefer- ved, and confequently we have lefs Reafon to doubt of the Reft. Fourthly-^ If the Jews had thus Tranfpo- fed the Scriptidres^ it muft either have been Accidentally-^ or with fomeT>efign, It could not have been by D^y^/2,finceali thofeT^-^-rj-, w^hich Confute their Religion, are left Full and Plain. Befides, if thefe Al- Y^dht'- teratwns. were Defgnedly^ the mim^Tom.i. DefgnmuG:h3,vthcQnD(fcover- De^ Verbo ed^ ""which would, no doubt, 2. have been to favour fome Error, .But [_b'] BeIIar?mne i who w^s wdl Skilled K 2 in 1 3 2 The Temple Muftch Chap. 7. ^15. Hebrew^ and would have been glad of this Argiment to invalidate the Text^ and thereby to confirm the Authority of the Vulgar Tranjlation) w^s veryfenfible that it would not bear the TeJ}^ and therefore did not infill: upon it, but freely own d the con- trary. If it was Accident ally ^tithcY it mull happen all at once, or at feveral Times, by the Carelefnefs of the Tranfcribers.Now we cannot imagine that any Tranfcriber fhould be fo Carelefs, as to Tranfcribe the whole Book of Pfahns being in Rhyme ^ with fo many Faults that the Rhymes arc hardly to be met with in mofl: Verfes^ and that the other Tranfcripts had not confu- ted it, or that all the reft ftiould Perifli , and this one remain, or that thtjews ihould ha\^e confented to fo prodigious an Alte- ration at oneTime.Or if t]\t{t Alterations had been made without any Uefigii^ith impoflible that the Rhymes fliould have been fo uni- verfaily loft, and the Seme remain to be underftood 5 efpecially fince all the Words correded by tht Maforites^do either Mar the Se?ice^ oi plainly appear to be G?wrw7 to the Rules of Grammar, Thefe Suppoljtions feem very Abfard. Neither can we fuppofe thefe Alterations crept in by Degrees^ fince then our Antient Copies would not have Agreed 10 perfectly with each Other, _ We findfome Errors Chap. J. The Temple Mxifich 155 Errors crept into the Greek Mamtfcripts of the l^ew Te/iame?2t, but they are eafily Ccnfiited by comparing them with others, and it would have b£en the fame in refpecl of the Hebrew. Befides, thefe Alterations could not have been before the Time of Cbrift, fince he would have mentioned, at leaft, fome of them ; neither could they have been after, fince Copies of the Bil^le werefo Common^ and there were fo many Different Tranjlations^ that fuch Miftakes might have been eafily DifcovereJ, Or had there been fuch Tranfpofaio?is^ they muft either have been before the Ten Tribes had a Copy of the Law^ or fince 5 we can- not Prove them to have been before, fince weknov/ not but they hadthisG?/^from the Beginning 5 neither could they have been fince, becaufe the Differences would have been more Material For this Reafon they could not have been intheDays of j^^jfeZ;^ as Le Clerc feems. in one Place to fuppofe* Or if it was thus Tranfpofed before the Time of the Septuagijit^ then his Arguments from thence are not Conclufwe : neither could it be fince, becaufe it is a.pparerir that the Septiiagint Verfwn^ if it doth not vary from the Sence of the Ortgitial^ doth generally keep clofe tp the Order of the K 3 jnni: 134 T^^^'^ Temple Miifich Chap. 7^ , Words^ as far as die Propriety of tdich Lan^ gtfi^^^e will conveniently admit. Fifthly^ There could be no fuch Tran- fpofmg of Words^ becaufe there was a Stan- dard kept at Jenifalem^ both in the Valace^ and in the Te?nple: one v/as placed in the Kmgs Cuftody^ and the other in the Ark :^ and this was done'by the Command of God. There it was in the Time of David ^ in the Time of Jofah^ and at their 'Return from Captivity. From hence they fetched it, when it was Tranflated into Greek^ and therefore, no doubt, it remained until the 'DeftnSion of the Temple^ at leaft, until many Copies were difperfed in Judea^ ChaU dea^ and 'Egypt : fo that fuch a Standard as this would have corrected any of thefe Errors: or el fe fuch Errors as ffiou Id hap- pen, might be corrected from the Afe/fe?/^ of Copies, Sixthly^ The Care of the Maforites^ or Scribes, was fo great in Numbermg the Lettei's^ the Verfesy and the Accents^ with all other Things of this Nature, and alfo in taking Notice of tlie Differ efit "Readings ^ tliat It was not pofiible any (uch. Mtfiake could happen5 and this Order among the ■Je'irs continued from the Time of Ezra^ until after the F7fth Century, Eevemkly^ If feme Copies had at firft been Chap. 7' The Temple Mujtch 135 been Tranfpofed and Altered^ it is very ftrange that the next Copier had not cor- refted thofe ftrfi Erratds^ and more efpe- cially the Rhymes^ whofe Tranfpojttion could not but have been more Vtftble at f?r/?, and moft eafily Amended. We cannot filp* pofe any Copier to be Ignorant of the Language^ fince no fuch Perfon would have been willing to V?idertake it, or have been Intrujied with it. And we cannot fuppofe any one who had Skill in the He- hreix> Language^ would have pajDTed cvet fuch 'Notorious Miftakes withoutCarreBion. Eighthly J If the Rhymes had been loft by Tranfpofttion^ it is ftrange that the Acroflicks which we find in feveral PfalmSj and the Firft Four Chapters of the hamentations^ and the Lafl Chapter of the Proverbs had not been alfo loft 3 and alfo the \jf\ many Rhetorical Figures we find in the Pfahns^ and efpecially thofe which confift only in a due ff'^^^^^' Pofttion of Words ^ ( fuch as an ' * Anaphora^ Epiftrophe^ Symploce^ A7iadiplo- /is J Sec.) had not been loft alfo. But thefe being Preferved^. are a fufncient Argument that the Rhymes {\i they had been. there) would have been Preferved alfo. Isinethly^ The Hebrew Language is of fuch a Nature j X\i2i%]x will not bear a Trafi- K 4 fpcfitton t^6 The Temple Mil fick. Chap. /i^I ffofition without Altering the Sence. This is one Reafon which has Deen already urged, that its Poefy confifted not in Meter. In Latin or Greek^ we may indifferently place the 'Nommative^ or the Accufative Cafe^ either before, or after the Verb-^ the Geni- tive either before, or after the Subjlafitive^ and that either immediately, or at a diftance, or make almoft any other Tranfpofition^ and the Sence fliall be the fame : but it is evident ihat the Hebrew cannot be fo Tranfpofed. ^ Laflly^ It is no fmall Argiment againfl: the Tranfpofttion md Alteration of thtText^ that Le Clerc^ B. Man fo Eminent for his htrnvng) cannot fix the Time when this happened. In one place he feems to fix it upon the Tim.e of Jofiays Reign. In ano- ther Place he concludes it muft be fince the Tranjlation of the Septnagint^ becaufe he draws fome of his Arguments from thence: And therefore fince he could not fix the Time when this happened, we may pro- bably conclude from thence, that it did not happen at all. But Le Clerc to Prove his Notion^ tells us, - that there are fome Places in the Pfahns where there are no Rhymes, and the Sence is very Intricate^ but with a Rhyme {^r\d fuch othtr Alterations as he pleafed) the Sence is very dear. Jho at the fame Time he for» gets Chap. 7 The Temple Mufich 137 gets that there are many Places where there are no Rhymes^ and the Sence is very Evi- dent. Accordingly he inftanced in [^cj^ Two Text in both which he looks upon the Sence to be very Obfctire (and the Br ft is fufficicntly ^^-^ M ^fs^h $^ [cured by his own Tra^iflation fl-^prj - of it) but by making fome Al- \]{lf^ '''' teratwns in the Hebrew ( as Hopkins and SternhoU h^ith made in theSg-^ HfhJ a Man may render the Sence thereof more Clear and Evulent-^ and indeed put what Se?ice he pleafeth upon it. And as to the [f] Second Text he mentions, he tells us, that fiippofmg fuch Alterations as he hath made, hoxh Rhyme and S^^z^-d* are very good. And indeed if we fuppofe that, we may as f eafily fuppofe any Thing elfe : and that the . Authority of the OUTeftament ftiall not de- pend upon the Hebrew^ as it is in our Frtnt- , ed Copies^ but. upon fuch Alteration as he : Clerc is pleafed to make to reduce it to I'RIymes. He alfo tells us, there are {omt Additions in . the Septuagint which are not in the Hebrew^ ^. and thefe, if added to the Hebrew, v/ili make a Rhy?ne, ld~] In out Verfe \^ 'ir^^ ; is added Twice, and he thinks it muft be for this Reafon. But M ' if this was granted, there rauft ' be fomethnig more added or ^-/^^/^^.-^Z to make i^B The Temple Mijck Chap. 7. make a Rhyme to the latter part of the Feffe^ fo that we {hall never know what Alterati- ons will content him. However, not to in- fift hereon, he tells us of [e'] another F^rfi n pr/ -7 ^'hich is more remarkable, m 7- ^.here it is in the Hehew^ God is a righteous p^dge^ and a God who is in anger all the day^ Now this he faith is contrary to other Scriptures which reprefent God as Fatient^ and eafy to he en-- treated^ ^X)^ exercifmg his anger hut for a mo- ment^ mhilft his mercy endureth for ever. But he Clerc could not be ignorant, that as God is Merciful^ fo he is alfo Jiffi ^ and as he is faid to be Patient^ fo in other Places his Wrath is faid to wax hot ^ and we read that Vengea72ce is His. But our Englijh Tranjlati- an expreffeth the Sence of the Original in a very clear and unexceptionable Manner. God's Mercy and his Juftice have their dif- ferent Objefls. God jiuigeth the Righteous^ and God is angry at the Wicked every day. It ' is true, tlie W'ords^ at the Wicked^ are left out in the Original^ but the Verfes folio v/ing Ihew thatthey nmft be fo underjftood ^ and when thtHehrews fpeak of contrary Subjeds, fuch an EUipfis as this is agreeable to the Property of that Language* Thus, Exod, 14. 20. The Angel of the Lord carne be- tween the Camp of the Egyptians^ and the Camp Chap. 7. The Te?nple Mufick. 159 Gamp of Ifrael^ and it was a Cloud and Dark^ nefs to the Egyptians, but it ^ave light by Wght to the Ifraelites, fothat the one came not near the other all the Night. Here the Per- fons to whom the Angel of the Lord was a Cloud, and alfo gave Light, are not ex- preffedin Jf^^;vw 5 but it appears by the Sence, and by the Words following, that they muft be added in a Tranjlation 5 and if we take the fame Method in the other Text, the Words will be clear and :plain, and free from the MifconJlriiBions which Le C/^;t puts Upon them. Another Reafon he urgeth is, becaufe in t)ne [/] Place the Word 1:2 The Son is. :a Chaldee W ord i nft ead of the He- brew p and placed there (as l/] 2 he faith) to VJojmie with ano- ther in the fame Verfe. But if we allow of allthefe Alterations and Miftakes, which L(? Cfe/T fuppofeth, itw^ili be very difficult to prove that this was not one of them. However, not to infiit hereon, we may fuppofe that the word The Scn^ might be here ufed to allude more fully to our Saviour^ who often called himfeif in Syri- ack (the Language of his Country at that Time ) ^t^t^: or The Son of Man, But fcefides this, it was cuftomary in the Old Tefament^ when God fpake of fom^ething re- 140 The Temple Mujich Chap. relating to otiier Nations, to borrow an Ex-- preffion, or Word from another Language When God commanded his People to fore- warn the Chaldeans of their Idolatrj^ he tells them [_g} what to fay, and expref» feth it in the Chaldean Dialed. The Word Sju; is a Chaldean 1^1 l^^r Word fignifying a .^z^^?^, and yet it is ufed inthe Hebrew P] MeK when fpoken of another Na- 5. 6. tion: Aad when the Church n Tf i Chrifi was reprefented by a 45. i ^ m the 'Holy Ghoji makes Ufe of this Word to Ihew the Converfion of other Nations, as well as the Jews. AiiA. therefore David m the aforementioned Ffalm advifing the Kings and Judges of the Earth to fubmit to Chrift ( meaning the Affyrians^ whofe ■Monarchy was long before ereded } might ufe a Word, which they then under ftood^ and this is a more material Reafon, than that it was inferted for the fake of the Rhyme, Thus he alfoteils usof th&\^^Siiffix ^3 which is not an Hebrew^ but a Chaldee^ or a Syriack Suffix, and inferted f"l^M^^^3j for the fake of the Rhyme. VfalltiT^j^ But as one Swallow makes m ip, ' Summer^ fo fudi a (ingle In- ftancf Cliap. 7. The Temple Miifich 141 ftance cannot jiiftly concliide the fame cf the whole Book 3 ^fpecially fince feveral Inftances may be produced in other Books of the Hebrew Btbk^ where the Ch-aUee DialeB is Imitated 5 and of which Bjthner gives us accidentally fome Account in his Chaldee Grammar bound UB v/ith thQ Hebrew, rsPP However, as this V^lH^'^^' makes a Rhyme in thefe two Places, fo it is ufed in (jj) other Places without making any Rhyme at alL His laft Argument for the Trafifpofiim of the Text, is the Variatmis in fiver mI f laces of the Old Teftamentj -of which he gives us fome Inftances* The Foime-emb and the Fifty Third Pfalm fcem to be the fame, and the like may be faid of the Eighteenth Pfalm^ and the Iwenty Semid Chapter of the Second Book of Samuel • with fome others. But this doth not an-, fwer bis Defign, fince neither of thele Places do abound "^ixh -z Rhythmical Foej?^, and therefore may be urged as ftrongly' ^againft his Hypothefs^ as for it. For if either of thefe may be allowed to be trus^ then it appears that his Notion is falfe* and if bath thefe are Falie, then it will, be a diflicult Matter to find what is True, Bur, thefe Variations will not prove anv 1^2 The Temple Mnftck Chap, 7, Tratifpofition^ or Alteration of tho Text. The Ten Command?nents appear Recorded both in Exodus and Deuteron&my^ theft difFer from each other, but yet there hath been no Alteration of Words from the Co- pies5 fince the Samaritan Pentateuch^ and the Bible^ both in the Hebrew and Safna-- Titan Character do exaftly agree, as to thefe Particulars. But he Clerc could not be ignorant how many Inftances might be produced where the Rhyine feems ftudiouily Avoid* ed, as^[^] in fome Places by leaving out lih^L ^!:.:'!:'' ^o^^ ^^^^ H^^ Pfil. ISO. 2. a Word the Plural [m] Ffal, 106. f 5. Number which would Iri] Vfal. 105. 6^ 7. j^r^ye Rhymed in the [?]??Vp?;o... ^ C-] by 25, 27, 28, 25?, 30. placing a Word m the {q]y, S, 115 Singular Number which P' - would have Rhy?ned' in the PW. In one [f/] Place the Letter (jj is Paragogicalljy added once in each Verfe, which otherwife might have Rhymed in two feveral Places. And in [6?] another ¥falm the Letterf jj is [p~] fometimes Added^ and [([\ fometimes i)?nitted. Nay, [ ^] it is Added in Fart of the fame Verfe^ and Omitted in the Chap. 7. The Temple Ahfich 143 <)the}\ as it were on Purpofe to avoid a Rhyme ^ whereas if it had been always ei- ther x\dded, or always Omitted, the Rhyme would have been abundantly more apparent* Many more fuch Obfervations might be added if there was Occafion. But Le Cleix is very fenfible that the Care which the Jezvs had to preferve the Smptures intire, is 2iVtxj Material ObjeBi- on againft his Hypothefa^ and therefore he endeavours to Anfwer it in 5/^; Vanimlars Firjij he tells us, that the Law of Mofes hath never been intirely obferved by the Jews^ and the Prophets have refwaclo^d themfcr the fame^ and therefore they had not that Care which we imagine, God knows that we of this Nation live not up to the Rules which Chrifl hath fet us, but are juftly liable to be reproved for ma- ny Immoral Practices. But (bleffhd be bis Isame) we cannot be charged for Corrupt* ing the Text^ neither have any Errors crept into it by our Negligence herein. The Prophets fhev/ed the Jews their Sins, but never reproached them for altering the Text^ and therefore this was a Crime that they were not guilty of. But he faith, that tho' Mofes haJ ordered the Knigs a Copy of the haw^ yet Jofiah having reignd Eighteen Tears knew it not. The Exemplary 144 The Temple Mufich Chap. 7* of the Temple was taken away and not read^ and therefore the Jews had not any Care of their Books at that Time. But in Anfwer to this, tho' Jofiah did not know it, yet Hilkiah the High-Prieft knew it. If the Exemplary in the Temple ^2is loft, yet it is no Argument, that it was corrupted, fmce it was found again, but it may rather be an Argument to the contrary. Here was a Copy of the Law kept in ihtTemple, miflaid for many Years, and afterward found: this was therefore an Excellent Standard to correct others by, becaufe of its Antiquity 5 and being loft for that time, was not liable to the fuppofed Corrupttons o£ an Idolatrous Ao;e. Befides it doth not ap-^ pear that Jofialokntvj it not. It is Record-^ ed of him, that [r] h^ walked 171 [f] 2 Chwu ^11 fjj^ ^^ays of David his Fa- MaLup. ^kr(whoWMe^^^ 97. Law of God all the Day) and [{] 2 Chw. that [^] when he was youngs he 34- 3- began to feek after the God of WV.14* 15- jy^-.rMs Father, and [w] began to purge his Kingdom from Idolatry, before this Book of theLaw was found. It is alfo Recorded, that when he had given Orders for the Repair of the Temple they found tht Book of the Law, and Shaphan brought jt nnd read in it before the Kmg, But this Chap. 7. The Temple Miiffch . 145 this is no Argument that the Kiiig did not know it before, unlefs we will fuppofe that no Man reads, or hears the fame Book twice. It is ' true that He \jc~\ rent hu eioaths, 2iX the Hearing of it, jgp]^^^^^^ but all th^t can be inferred from thence is that it did the more Affed him. ;^here are majny Chrisiians who receive not the Sacrament of the Lords Supper until ^-hey are upon a, fick Bed: Shall we there- fore think that they did not know it to be their Duty, or did not hear of it before ? No, but only that the Hearing thereof did not make fuch an Impreffiori on them 'til then. Jqflah httd the Book of the Law^ only he did pot take Notice of fome f articular ' fajfages:^ and indeed if he had not known it.W'3is iht Bopko Law^ we cannot fup- pofe that he would have expreffed fuch a jConcern at the reading he knew not what. ' Hisfecond Argument againft the Care of "the Jews is. That though fever al of the An- tients fay that Ezr^. resiored the Bible into Order ^ i/tt in f y~\ the Genea- ^ logies of hzra there are many ^ ■OniiJJions^ which could not hap- pen hut by the Isegligence of the Copier in one 'Place. there are fix Genealogies Omitted rn the GeJiealogies ofEzv^. There is alfijuch a Difference in Calculation between the Books L of 146 The Temple Muftck. Chap. 7.1 of Ezra and Nehemiah, in Regard to the\ mmber of thofe who returned from the Cap- tivlty ^ that there are no other Means to re- folve this Difficulty^ but by Affirming that the Copiers haiie not taken fuch Care as they ought to write their Books. In Anfwer to which, it may be confide- ! red^ that if Le Clerc knows not any other! Method to folve this Difficulty 5 yet he ought not to Affirm that there is not any, unlefs he could firft perfwade the World to believe that he knew all Things. Or if there w^ere fuch Miftakes in fuch Genealo-- gies^ yet they will hardly prove what he would Infer from them. For if w^e allow fome Errata s in fuch Books which are Htftorical^ yet it doth not follow that there are fuch in thofe Books which are either 1 BoEirinal^ Moral^ or Prophetical If there wcYQ Errors in fuch Books, as are never cited in the Nevp Teftament^ we muft not nifer the fame of fuch Books, to which our Saviom\ and his AposHes do often refer us. if there were Miftakes in Proper J^fames (they being butfeldom ufed, and, fince they had no Vowels, retained only by conjecture ) it doth not follow that they might Err in writing Common IFords^ which they un- derftood much better. Or if the Proper Karnes WQXQ holly different, yetwecannot ^ Conclude, Chap. 7. The Temple MuficL 14.7 Conclude, but they might be the fame Per- fons, fince it is eafy to produce many In- ftances of this Nature among the Jews^ The Scriptures were chiefly defigned to teach us the Knowledge of God^ of ChriH^ and of our Duty, and alfo to bring us to Heaven 5 and therefore Gods Providence might more particularly watch over thofe Parts, which are neceffary thereunto, tho* it might fuflPer thofe Errors to creep into the other » and therefore what is thus argued in Relation to Ezra^ may not aflFeft the reft. Let us fup- pofethatin Ezra there ^le fix Genealo- gies Omitted, yet this may be no Error* In [ji] one Text cf the New Teffament there are W j 3 Iwenty bevefi Genera ti- ^^j Matth, i. ons Omitted, and in [/] ^nothtr Fourteen^ and from thence we ma}^ obferve, that the Word Son doth not always refer to the more immediate Parent, but alfo to fome more remote. Now there are Ge- nelogies enough mentioned to prove what was intended, namely, that Ezra was of the Pofterity of Aaron^ and it v/as needlefs to add any more. In [c~\ Joflma .^n^ there are but three Generations ^'^^ between Acba?i and Judah^ and tho' the reft were left out which happened in that Space of ^kovt four HimkedXtdiVs^ L 2 yet 148 The Tmph MuftcL Chap. 7* yet the mention of thefe was fo fufficient that the adding any tiiore would have been , Superfluous :^ and therefare this is no Mate^ ' rial Gbjeftion. As to the difference in tht Calmktmt. between the Books of [d'} Ezra^^ md Neks^. miah^. they do certainly, agree in the Main^i which appears by Comparing the one witli;| the other. The only difference; I E^S I'f^ IS, that£^m reckons Tw^^ifew^- 6^- %6l 6j\ ^ed Singing Men, and Singing, with Nehe, Women 5 but Nehemiah reckons:- ^8 ^6^' ^'^^ "Two Hundred Five and fi?;^^., Sam. Now this may be accounted for^. 18, d, 7. * ifwefuppc)fethat Bw aiidfd?;'^, of thefemightgoupfirft to Tufalem^ to. entertain the Remamder,. ati their Arrival there, with the beft, Mvifwk which they could, as [/] th^y, met Davld^ returning from the Slaughter of Goli^ah^ as it was their Cuftom on fuch Solemnities. If we grant this, then both thefe Accomits might be true. There are two: Mtmdted which came up to Jemfalejn with their: Brethren, but Two- Himdred^ Five w.^Forty \ in all. As to the different Account of the J Ghildren which are mentioned, we may reafonable fuppofe that the Word p in this - Place fignifietii laot a &W, but rather fucft ss went with theri: Leaders 5 fince it is imr^ 1 pofiible Chap. 7, The Temple MiificL 149 poffible that one Man m Seventy Years thne ftould have above Two Thoufand So?is^ or Children, Tloe [/] Smis ofthe Prophets were fuch as were tatight in any School by the Prophets. St. John f 1 v rr taught by nim tbmren. [/?] i c(fron,2'^\^. The -SimtnE Soys in the ^c. P/:^/. 45, Temple < as I fuppofe J ^it. 2 ^ra^. 5. 12. were called the Sons of Jfaph He- marty &c. who were Singers, A Khtg is often called Pater Patri^^ the Father of lots Country^ and thus by a Common Meta- phor the Word Children may fignify any inferiours who were guided by anothen Iff herefore it lignified fuch as followed their ^ refpedive Captains, there may be no Con- tradiftion fince in their Journey they might go from one Company to another, and fo {}] Ezra^ and tJehemiah might reckon them at different times i W/^^^^ ^'5' one or them as they came out ■ from Babylo7i^ and the other as they came into Jerufalem, As to the Affeement^ in mmber,^ between thofe which are number'd at their going out of Ctftivity^ and their coming to Je- Tufalem ''^ it cannot feem ftrange, if we coil- iider what Wonders God did daily Work the Ghildren of Ifrael, and therefore as 1 50 The Temple Muftck Chap. 7 his Providence was feen at their comingj m O'lt of Egypt ^ infomuch that (k ) their RaiA r ■it waxed not old upon them^ neither did\ jf T^mtX their feet fweUAnxmgt^^^^ 4. 01 forty years in the Wilder nefs^ \^ (IJ Numk md of (I) twelve thouf and men B^* 4> 4^' which fubduedthe Midianites in. Battel, not one was lacking-^ fo it might be as viable at their Return out of Captivity ': iiifomuch that of all thofe which was ftir-j red up by God to come from Babylon^ nojiei Bii%Jit die^ until they arrived 2it Jeriifaleml As ior the Miftakes which might happen;! in the Proper Names ^ I fliail not difputej about tliem ^ fince no Copier is infallible,! i and an Error of this Nature is not fo eafilyl ' corrected, but may be tranfmitted from|j , Copy to Copy, i 1 he Fotir lafl; Arguments^ which Le Cler(: urgeth againft the Care of the Jews are den ligned to prove, that after their Return frojni the Captivity^' the Hebrew Language was\ forgotten by them^ and it fo continued for many Ages. But fuppofing it was thus, yet it could not produce a Corruption of the Hebrew Text^ but only occafion a very few Copies to be taken thereof, and as thofe G?- pies have been preferved by the Providence of God, fo we have the greater Reafpn to think them Puree The Ferfick Language is under- Chap. 7* The Temple Mujich 251 underftood by very few in this Age. Now we havefome Perjick Books in the Library at Oxford'^ and there is fo little Reafon to think them corrupted becaufe the Language ' is not underftood, that we may rather think them the more Aiithentuk And there- fore, notwithftanding the Cavils of Modern Writers againft the certainty of the Hebrew Text^ I fee no Reafon to difbelieve fwjy^- fephuSy who lived at Jerv.falem whilft the Second Temple was f '^Ift'^^ ftanding, and faith of his own pf^n?hooku Nation, that they did give as great a Credit to the Antient Writers of the Scriptures as to thofe things which later Authors have mentioned 5 atid not with [land- ing they have been fo long written^ yet in all that Time no Man diirjl prefime either to alter ^ or blot out any thing therein contained. For all the Jews, even from their Cradle ^ do believe thefe Books to ce Sacred Divine, and therefore give all Credit pojjible mito lioem 3 yea^ a?id woiild willmgly fit fer Deaths rather than do the Contrary : And therefore we cannot believe that the Tranfcribers would be fo carelefs in this Concern. I don t fuppofethat iioErrors are crept into the Hebrew Text, tho it may be fafely af- iirmed that they are not Material Some Editions of the Bible differ from others, in L 4 many TheTemfle Mujick. Chap. 7. ^.ri:?d'rj,and {bmetimes in whol^ ..X h Ine'A'Sihat there may be Mfftakes in . prtiinrone JVord for another yox efpecially . o..e Letter for another, and that tho' the"- . ^cr:ptTAfes w tit infallible^ ft^ fuch as Co- ; pied them from their firft Originals werje. . iiOi-5 and therefore the Care ot the Mafo- rites was p^reatly to be commended in cor-* 'redmg inch Errata s. This is the utmoft that can be granted of Le Clerc sl^otAon^ viz:. That in the CoUeBioii that was made of the Books of the Old Teftament fome Dif~ order might happen 5 that there might be fuch regard had to fome Copies^ as not to alter {bme manifeft Faults which were in them 5 but that inftead thereof thy might have markt on the Margin that which was the true Reading: And a Superftitious Conceit, might have afterwards crept , in, and coniinued in after Ages, of a Mjjlery in that Matter, upon their firft fuffering tliefe Faults to continue in theT^?x'r,withthe Marginal An7iotati on of the CorreBion of thenj. There might be aifo other Marginal Anno- tations of the Names of Places, fet againft tne Antlent ones , to guide the Readers J'iidg?nenty and afterwards the ylfe^/^r;? Name might have been writ inftead 6f the Antient. There m.ay be in feverai Places 'fuch Let- ■ ■ ters 15^ The Temfle Mufteh. Chap. 7 ters ?i<^ are like eaGh other, miftaken the one' for the other. In fome Cafes the Original might be obfcured by the injury- of Time,, and a Tranfcriber not well underftanding ity might by Mifiake Obfcure the Text, All the Numbers of Pd^?y&//j" as wellas otVears might have been writ m 'Bwnerical Letters^,. tho' afterwards they came all to be fet down, in Words at Large : And while they were, in Letters, as fome might have been worilv put, and loft in Anti enter Copes ^ fo others might by Miftake be i\dded in their Room., Neither could Mens Memories ferve them fo well to correft Mi (lakes in Numbers,, ^s well as in other Matters, But all this aflFecls other Parts of the Scripture more than the Pfahns 5 and after all, there is little Reafon to think the Mi [takes to be fo many, as to alter every Verfe in a whole Book,, infomuch that the Rhy?nes contained therein fliould be fo hard to be perceivd. However, it iTrnftbeconfelfed, that there ftre feveral Rhymes in the PfahnSy and fome are Regular, fuch as (71) thofe cited in the Margin, But they ^ fo very rarely to be met ^(^^^ fpfj^t With, that they may ail 2. Ffal. 47. 3. Pj'aL be reckoned purely Ac- 54«i,2. P/j/. 55.1. FJal. 78. I. Pfal.79. 4. PfiL 8c?. t8, 31. PJlih » 21. 3. Ffil. 132. 7, ^. pJaL cidental 1 54 The Temple Mufick Chap. 7. cidental, and in fucli a Manner as could hardly be Avoided. And whoever conii- -ders the Nature of the Hebrew Language^- how it is adapted for Rhymes^ and at the lame time views thole F^xts - of ^ Scripture- which are caird P^^^i^^!^/ (where each Ker/> confifts of two Parts ^ which are air ^ Sjnonimom') may juftly wonder rta Kr^: are no more, and conclude tha r-^ p Men of the Holy Scriptures did ra_ h a- deavour to Avoid than AfFed them. . .re there Rhymes in the Pfalms ? There are 3 lib in other Parts of the Scripture 5 in the i'/r- ty Third Chapter cflfaiah^ we may fo Tranf- fofe the Words ^ as to find but one Verje Without a Rhyme^ and therefore allowing fucli a Liberty this will be 2iFoe?n^ as much as any of the Pfalms. Befides, we ha\^ two re- markable Rhy?nes^ the one in Judge, 14. 18. If ye had not plowed withwy heifer^ ye had not found out my riddle. And the other i %am^ 18, 7. Saul hath fain his Thoufands^ and Da- vid his Ten Thoifands. In both thefe we have Meafure dAidi ]i/y^?/i^,and, no doubt, they were both known to David. Now if thefe were Accidental, why may not thofe in the Pfalms to be fo too, fince there are none in the whole Book more clear and evident.? But if they v/ere defigned, then it isplain^^ that they had a Rhythmical P^?^^ in the Time Chap. 7. The Temple Mufick 155 of T^avtd^ and therefore we may wonder that the ?falms did not afFeft it more vifibly, or that it fliould be loft, fince the Verfes of Horner^ and OrpheiM^ who were near the fame time, remain intire. And as there are Rhymes in the Original fo (with fuch allowan- ^ \ vn cesJ) a diligent Obferver ^''^ ^J'^' ^• might find fome in all Tranjlations, Thus in our (0) Reading Pfalms, The fear of the Lord is dean, enduring for ever: The Judgments of the Lord are true^ and Righteous altogether. This Verfe may be more remarkable, bc- caufe in our Poetical Tranjlation thereof, we have retained the {amcRhjiTne^ and thelat- ter Part of this Ferfe without any Altera- tion : And yet we fhould juftly ridicujeany one, who for this Reafon ftiould affirm all our Reading Pfalms to be written in Rhyjne. In the Arabick Tranfation of Pfal^ 144. 30. the Rhyme Ii ( or oima ) is four times fucceflivelyrepeated, at the End of a Paife^ and it was alfo repeated twice in the Twenty Seco?idFerfe ojf the fame P/^/w, and this is as much as moft of the Pfahns in the He- ^^rew v/ill regularly afFord us. But no one' affirms 1 5 ^ The Temple Mufitk Ghap. % affirms die Arabick if alms to be wittes ill ¥erfe» Tl^e Chaldee mi. Syriack abound witfe Rhymes^ ^ccafioned efpeGially by tlieir £k» phafis at the end of a Wordr^ infonmcli that w€ hardly meet with ^i Verfe in either of thefe Languages^ but w'xiMrra^^0fmgwo\x\S^ adniit of iuch Rh/mei as thefe If we look into the Beginning of the BiMe^ the Firji Verfe makes a Rhymr-^. by Tranffofing the Tie;^? laft Tfi^r^x. In the S^-^ €cndFerfe there is another R/^;^^^ TO-Hrirt . and the fame do Rhyme to each other in the Syrmck, and Arahick Tranjlation ^ tho' per^ Iiaps xhtTraJijlators knew not tht Hebrew^ but took their Verjms from the Gr^f^^ a-- lone ) we find fome RJ^mes in Rvhertfons Hehem Tesiameiit^ as iM^;'^ 7. go, nDtyn'J nrif^n "^y nn^ fo Lwfe 7. 50. uniiQH "ny'?i;ln which is repeated ag^in G6^/?.;8.48. In theS^/2^ of Zachari'ah., htik i. the Af . /zV (U^J is tivice Rhythmic ally repeated^ ver. 71. ci thirdTimt in the firft Part of the 71/? Verfe^ ^sA again vet, 74, 75, 78, 79. and therefore we miglit as ratior^lly Infer^ that not only the Hebrew Ffihns were v/ritten in Rhy?ne^ but alfo the whole Biblez^ the Chaldee^ Syriack^ and JrabickTra?tJla- lion^.-tliQ Hebrew TeflaJnent^ efpecially the S.ong of Zaehariab^ andinfliort^ the Works Clap.- 7. The Tefnph Mitfich 157 of every Writer m m^ oi thefe &/fgw- ges.^. fo that; I fhall only add the QpinioBi rf {^nJBmWjfl^Mms of kidefatigable In- d^ftry. in AdvanGi-ng the. mr^w Lmmam ) who « ^^^^^T/ ^ telfe usy that the-JLhymes cus, Pag. 62^. -2^^;?^ mp afeB&dj ^ but mfy 'Jkch ^s happened by £hance^ and of their iOwm accord :^ for they do not feem to^ i?e framed by my Art . oT' Sitidy. And as, ;the Rhymes in the, Book o£ Pfalms may be rec^ koned AcGidental : fo we camiQt fiippofe that the ABtient Mc^^fe . of the ^ifw did a- ny way refemble , thev Method of Singing th^ Pfaijnsi in the Parifli' Churches ( uracil lefi any other) but rather refembled^ The Chanting in^ our Cathedrals. C H - A R VIIL Of the Mature of the Acctnts. THE next Particular to be confidered iia our Search after the Teinple Mit- Ji(;ky is the Nature of the Acce7it.s, Now theie are no lefs than Five and Twe?ity^ and therefore may be juftly thought to In- troduce a very great Karietj. Befides^ their 158 m Temple Muftck Chap. 8. their Names are remarkable, as they are derived from the Chaldee. (d) Sakeph Ga- dol^ or the Greater Lifter up 5 as if it de- figned the Muftck to be very Loud at the . , u^, fame Time, {b) Sakeph ia) Mnj ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ IJy^ (h) ptDp ^pt er up^ of the fame Na- ture, tho' not of the fame (c) degree, (c) Pajhta fig- (i/) l^an nifits 3.n Extender of the Vbke^ and may feem to extend it with a long and equal Sound^ like the myipn or the Sounding of a Trumpet^ with a long plain Blajl among the y^ie^j-, ^nd ( d) Tebhir, viz. Broken^ may denote a Shake or Quavering of the Foice, like the mynn or Jlarm among them (according as we Tranjlate the ?F?^ under the Firji ' Temple, . becaufe they were not in- A-ented untill almoft, s:Thoiifmd Years, af- ttrthx Temple was DeftroyM,- neither can they be of Ufe fince^ becaufe we know not of one Improvement vrhich hath been made thercby^^ Chap. The Temple Mriftck i5r thereby, and the y^f-K^j- themfelves, in their ^Singing at this Da}^, do not feeni to Regard them. From thefe ObjeBions it is therefore evi- dent, that little Regard rniift be ^ had for the Names of the Accents in general, or for the Accefits themfelves, which keep not a Regular Order throughout the whole Book of Pfalms 5 and as they are of fo late an in- vention, fo we can only from thence Guefs at the Notion which the Inventers had : And tho' this Amounts not to a Demon- ftratioh of what was in the Erft Te?npley yet it may carry with it fome Degree of Probability 5 fmcethdc Maforites were Men of Integrity, they were the greateft Criticks in the Hebrew hanguage , and Learnings [^] and the Accents^ invented by them, and placed in that Order in ^ id r> which we find them , were defigned to Pomt Pag. 53. Vfusamem out unto us their way of AccmtHum tripkx elU Shinny, Pr/mc), defignant Mu:^ n T 1 Pc^-> five rationem it mult be Granted, Canths afud J^fd^os^ that there is one Parti- q^^i "lextum BibUam cular,in which almoft all ^'^''^'^^ fi"^ the Verj-es of the Vfahns ' do Agree, namely^ that they have the Ac- cent called "SiiV.uk at the end, which anfwe- r^th to om fzdl Stop^ or fem^I:^ and Ath?iak M' once i62 The Temple Mitfich Chap. 8. once only in the Middle, which anfwcrethto our Colo?i'^ and they are conftantly placed in this Order, tho' the Sence of many Texts may feem to require 2imthtv Point mg : And as the like Order is obferved in the fointmg of our Reading Pfalms ^ thcx^fovQ it will he requifite only to Enquire into the Nature of thefe two only, as being more pertinent to our prefent Purpofe, and to compare them with our Cathedral Service. In the Cathedral Service^ the greateft Part thereof isfung in Short Notes^ in Unifon to each other, and are Prickt with Quavers in . our Chant i?ig Tunes: And this we call the Chanting Part of om Singing , This we may fuppofe was theCuftom of thtjev^s^ fince in all this Chanting Space of ourj Heading Pfahns^thty haveooferved no Man- ner of Order, or Uniformity in the Accents^ which they would certainly have done, had they Defigned in thofe Places any otijer Method in their Singing, Neither is this only a bare Conjefture, fince tliQ [Jo] Scripture feems to intimate the fame 5 when God complain- ed of fome who were at Eafe W^^-^- 5. in Zion^ who did Chant to the Soimd of the Violj and Invent to thernj'elves Infhuments of Mjifck hke unto David : Where we may Obferve that this Chanting2iS well as Invent- mg Ciiap.8. TJoe Temple Mufick. sng of Inftruments, 'is the Method which David lifed^ and therefore, no doubt, it was the Method in the Temple. And as our Tranflation Favours this CcnjeBure^ fo it ismuch mere Evident from the [^3 Hebrew. The W^?rd Chant is and xomes from t3"iB a rn o^xr.^.r'-. r • rart2cle^2iJmaU^OX2Lmle con Hehr. cy^^-s^r^ Matter, And therefore rmduUnta.AmosS,^, in Mufick the a^iDllfi or ^^^'^-^ M'^^* cw. did Cut the. ?ri;i^f ' Notes Short, as we do alfoinour Cte^m^ Tw/^^j-, and made them ^mall^ or Lirr/^, not only like unto our Quavers^ but alfo like unto that of David. In our Cathedral Service^ the Voices al- ter ( before they come to a Colcn^ or a Pe- riod) from an Unifon^ in Order to make two Clofes, where thefe two Marks are placed^ and accordingly the Notes are longer, and ufually markt with Crotchets^ and the laft Note of all with a Miiiijn^ or Semitreve. The Middle Clofe at the Cd?fc?; is ufually inade in foine other Place of the Gamut . differing both from the full Clcfe of all , and alfo from the Chanting Part , ( the Bafe ufually clofing in the Fifth above the Kej^ ) and the ful/ Clofe of the Period ends in the Key it felf in which the Mifick is fet. Like to this I fuppofe it to have been M 2 in 1^4 The Temple Utifich Chap. 8 in the Temple Service ^ immediately before their Accents Athnak^ and Silluk, For Fhf, the Words themfelves will bear fudiaConftruclioii The Word Si/M in CloalJee doth very properly Signify the End^ and Q/] Athnak Sig- rap^^T) fies, according toC?//J£Hx- ^«i;,/Jci;i- f^'.f. ^ Refptration , or catur apud Gram- taking Breathy . as if it msiticos^ qui ultimo q^ij^^ fjom the CbaUee p^"^;^ £^7?, and is the fame fare, Dcjiiizn.^ Vimm in the Hebrew : So that l^Zwf, ^^^7;im^Bllx^ €ach of thefe in MiSck ton s Lextcgnhabhi- p -r m r nim^^^Mmudkum. ^^^^ H^^fj l ^'^tr r [/] n^n^ Seconal);^ (n) Iheie Xm) Vjustiorf'stht are the only tlotes or Ac- ^fnTscf'dtmorfs Vowels in the Words un- Upmie the Hf- der which they are pla- hnnp Grammar Chap* ced: And theChange they ^/'' make is either by leaving out a ^hort Syllable^ or by dianging 2i^kor- ttr Vowel into a Longer. Accordingly, to leave out a %hort Syllable (which is not fo proper at a Ciofe) they fome times tranfpnfe the bowels { as T|b for ^ &c^ an-d alfo at other limes they change the and Siiigolmto Kamets^ and dl{o^ ^hewi or S^e- gol'mto a Lmiger Vowel ^ fo that from hence 6hap. J/. The Temple Mtifich i6% we may Conclude, That the Mufical Notes near thefe Accents^ as well as Vowels^ might be fomething Longer than in other Places 5 andcottfequently, tliQ Method of Singing^' to which thefe two Accents feem to Dired us^ is obferved in all the Chanting Times in our Cathedrals, C H A P. IX. Of the Titles mid Infctiptions Pfalms^ and the Hallelujah, together whh the Selah &c. at the end of fever al Verfes. THE laft Particular which ( as 1 fuiv pofe ) gives us any light into the way of Singing among the Jews^ is the fever aL Titles of their Ffahis 5 fome of which, per- haps, may be of efpecial Ufe to us in this Enquiry, and may fer\ e to fliew us, that they had feveral Ways of Singings or we may venture to call them, feveral Chanting Times. : In this Chapter I defire the Reader to be as Candid as poffible, tho' I iTiould differ from him in his Opinion. I defire hewould not condenm thefe Notions, becaufe moft of theiu are wholly new. And I prefume he will more eafily Pardon any Miilake Ms I %66 The Temple Mufich Chap. '9, I may be Guilty of, fince the Confequencf of fuch an Error is not Material^ fince I fhall only offer in many Cafes my own Private Opinion^ with fubmiflion to better Judgment^ and fhall not take it amifs if it is rejefted: and fince the only Apology i fhall make for thefe Notions is, that they will agree with fand, if true, may ferve to explain) every Title in the Vfaltns. However, fince he who Walks in unknown Vaths^ or gpeth out of the Common Way^ is much more liable to Miftakes^ than hewho Travels in a Beaten Road^ therefore I may hope to be the better excufed : Efpecially fince the moft Learned aniong the Jews could not agree concerning the Meaning of thefe Titles (as appears from the different Interpretations of the Septuagint, Chaldee^ ^nA Syriack^ and the Various Opinions of their Commentators ) and fince the greateft Scholars in later Ages have not been able fully to determine the Sence of the fame. First then, f prcfuming upon th« Readers Candor ) I fuppofe that thefe Titles do tell us the ISafnes of the Tunes which they fang, and accordingly the lofs of the Tziw^fj is the caufe that thefe Tir/^'j are fo difficult to be underftood. The Word ( d) n«^p i! li prri^^ 5wis fuppofedbymany 40 be the name of a Tune , which Chap. p. The Temple Miifich i6j Iwhich was taught ^the Children of Ifraei ^ at the Death of Saul^ and the Text in the Original look's fairly this Way. Ac- cordingly, (b) Gregory cites and approves of Mariana who was thefirft(as he faith) of this Opinion. He faith, That David bid them, that is the chief . Mufmans Heman,jEthan^ f^nf, p^^^^,, 2nafediithun^ to teach the of Scripture, Chap, ignorant People how to i. Pag. 2. Sing this Lamentation of ^ David upon the Death of * ' Saul and Jonathan-^ and adds that the S^^^- Utagifit mil bear out this Interpretation^ and alfo the Vulgar Latin. Pr^cepit iit doceret jilios IiuU planBum. and here f faith he ) 'tis plainer yet that David commanded to Teach the ^ons of Judah this Lamentation. Thus - Malvenda alfo. N?6* defimt qui hoc nojni- ne Arcus Voema ipfim^ feu Threnum^ et La- mentationem^ vel limit am if am a Davide de "MorteSaidis compofttam inteWgunt^qJ. Statuit David, doceret filtos lud^c canere hmc a fe conditam lament ationem^ nomine Arcus in- fcriptam. And (d) Pool urgeth fix very Ma- terial Reafons to prove the fame. (Viz. Arcus id)^ooVsSyno^fis ■h^estlttuhis fequentu Sam.i.i^l Cantilena ) which he takes from feveral Commen'tators. If "Ma-- -then l6Q The Temple Mifu'k. Chap. 9'. then this Expreffion the Bow is fuppofed by. many to be the Name of a Tune^ it may not be amifs to Conclude the fame alfo con- cerning thtTitles Qi t\\t ? faints. Secoiuilj^ Suppofing therefore that thefe Tkies do tell us the Names of the TtmeSy I may aifo fuppofe that they were never defigned to confine the F films to thofe Tunes and to no other, but (e) only to keep the Names^ and confequently (c)See?.i74. the Miffck is felf from being forgotten, and the f recent or might have the Liberty to begin any Time which he fhculd think fit. (f) In our Editions of Ravenfcroft^PlajfgrJy dC^, tbe^fevemTS^'l^ ^ '^^^^^^^ feem^o be de- the pTalms, kcjL terminedtofuchand fuch fwortlfs Comment Tfahis^ but were never thereon, at the end defigned to exclude others cy^^cramuch^^ where the Meter would the Chapter on this , i r ' Subjed, at the end bear the fame, or to con- of his Comment , fine any to that Particn- and compare the /^^. j^^^^^^ they might ti^^^SZi pkafedm^ke Buxiorfj Hebrew uie of another Time for the Lexicon. Printed in imicFfahn^ or another Ffalm for the fame Time, ihirdiy^ I fuppofe the Word ^7^; in all thefe T/r/Wfwhich we, tra?ifatehy theWord -JTpon throughout the Ffabis ) to be con- 'ftantiy Chap. 9 The Temple Mufich 169 ftantly fet before the Name of the Tzme^ and ought rather to be rendered by thefe Words To the Time of^ or Accordt7ig to^ fince it is frequently ufed in Scripture in this latter. Signification. Thus to the Tune of^ or ac- cording to Jeduthun, Pfal. 77. according to Nehiloth. Pfal. 5. &c. And if we grant this Suppolition we fhall find Fourtee?i Chanting Tunes ( for fo I afifi forced to call them ) Thirteen mentioned in the P/alms^ and 0;^^ in Habbakuk 3 namely i Jeduthun^ 2 Neht-- loth^ 3 Gittith^ 4 Neginatb^ or Neginoth, 5 Mahalatb^ 6 Muth Labhen^ 7 Ajeleth Shahar^ 8 Alaitwth^ 9 Jonath E!em Reho- kirn^ 10 She?mnithy 11 Shofian- nirn^ 12 Shufljan Eduth^ - 13 Shopa?mi/H Eduth^ mdL/^silj^ 14 Shiggionoth ^ and thefe iNames are either of a very doubtful Signification^ or elfe they plainly refer to the An- tignt Manner of Singing. To Inftance in Particulars. fir/?. The Seventy Seventh Vjahn is Intituled ['nn^ which we Tranfiate,. to Jeduthim^ or ac^ cording tojeduthim, [_ fjjedt^thm w^s one oi th^ Chief Si?2gers ^ithQ Temple^ in the time of Davifl^ and was probably the Author of a Tunc 1 Pfal. 77* 2 Pfal. 5. 3 Pfal. S. 4 Pfal. 61. u rial, y* 7 Pfal. Z2. 8 Pfal. 4^. 9 Pfal. ^6. 10 Pfal. ^. 11 Pfal: 45. 12 Pfal. 60. laPfal. So. 14 Hab. 3. [ /] I Chms 16, 415 42, tyo The Temple Muftck. Chap. 9. Tme which went by his Name (as the Au- thors Names are now placed to the Times which they compofe) but the Tune being loft, it is impoffible to guefs how it was Performed. ThcS^^^^w^ is rxh^vsi mentioned Pfal.^, with this Particle before it, which we Tranflate upon (as we do the Word ) or MccordingtoNehiloth. Grotius tells us that the Word ^""n: fignifies the Bt^zzing which the Bees do make, and was therefore often ufed to {tgnifym Infinmient of Mujiek among the Jews. Now it is certain that theWord 'fi^n^ in Arabkk fignifies -A Bee^ and from thence fome of the Rabbins might Conclude that the Word Nehiloth was derived with the Addition only of the Vowels, If we derive itftomthtHehrexp Verb ^n^ its Signification is nothing to the Pzirpofe^ or if it could be derived from ^^n it might fignify a Trumpet: a P^pe, or fome fuch Muftck. But as fuch a Derivation is contrary to the Rules of Grammar^ fo it would confound this Word with another, which comes from the fame Radix. Suppofing therefore that this Word comes from the Arabkk^ it may fignify fuch aT2/«ii praif« €th God, faying ^ By his help I have leap- ed over the Wall. He Tnaketh my Feet like Harts Feet, and fetteth me npvw my high Places, I fhail therefore fancy it to fignify fuch a Tune as hath feveral leaps therein re-» femblingtheS;&//?^i?i^^/ an Hart ^ as in the Third Example, The Chap. 9» TheTe?npk Mtijick. 175 The Eighth is niD'7y upon, or accord- mg to AUmoth^ PfaL 46. This was one of tht(^) Tunes fung at the Bringing up of Ark of God from the Houfeof OhedEdomthQ ^ ® « Chrm 15. G/m/r^?^ while they play to the fame with Cymbals^ and Ffalterhs. The Word in Hebrew fignifieth Virgins^ and may therefore^ be fuppofed to confift chiefly of High Notes^^ and an High Tmie^ efpecially. in the fecond Part, and^the lafi elofe^ 2ls in th^ Fourth Example, The Ninth is a^plni C2h^^ njiv upoii or accordingtojonath Elem Kehokim. Pfai 56« Am/worth and Bythner would have this T/^/^ to be thus tranllated, concerning the dumb Dove i?i far Places^ and that David fpeaks of himfelf, as of a D^?;^ fubjecl: to Vexation, among the Ravenous Kites the Fhihjlins^ who were far from Gods People in Faith, tho' near in Habitation. But for- afmuch as here is no mention made of a Dove in this Tfalm, like PfaL 55. 6, 7, wB]^}^ bears a far different Title, J ftaU ^lake bold to render it thus : The dumb Dove mth Notes at aDiftance, and ftall fuppofeit to begin With low Notes^ like the Mournm^ of aDove, andthen to rifefay aL^'^^to Diflance, as in the f//'?^ Exampk, ^" J 74 The Temple MuJtcL Chap. 9^ The Tenth is n^yotrjn upon, of accord- mg to Sheminitb ¥hh 6. and 12. C^]This wa^ alfo a Tzm^ fung at the bringing m ^^hrm up of the together ^w^^^^^ 15. 2 u that called when they See Pag»i8|, probably made Ufe of the fame Method of Singing, called in the Pfa!?rjs nxjab and in ourTraflationrendred, to the chief Mnfician: Becaufe in the Verfe cited in the Margin^ we find the Verb nsj^* which rimy oe the fame with mjB^ (the Letter Q alone being omitted) fince Doth Words come from the fame Verb^ the one Being the Participle^ and the other the In- finitive Mood where we may alfo obfervc from I Chron. 16. 7, &c. th^t Afaph being Precentor they fang the Hundred and Fifth Pfalm;which had neither ofthefe Infcriptions^ m-Tir/^^ annexed to it^and cphfequently fl|] in fuch Cafes they were at Liberty to ufe what Tunes thcPracentor thougjit moft Proper.The ^ Word Sheminith in He- cASrvL/'?: ^'•^^fignifieththe^M. giaVniverjalisBook or OSave, whicll IS a 2. Semtnd, and char Voue ( m ' ft ~ > atifl hence alone he laitn it may be proved, that the ufe of the Eigkb^ Chap, 9. The Temple Mufick 17I oy: perfeB Concord^ which tht Greeks call li;r, or; wander-^ and ac- cordingly is here tranflated by moil, the wandering Ode of D^f i^, becaufe it was fuppofed to comprehend a great deal of V^^ riety, or perhaps was fung with a Short Divi/ion of the Notes. ((;) Ainfworth tells us that the Word is on- . . ly ufed in the T../. of .H^iil"'^!^! b^;2^j, which being com- {d) frov. 5. ip, 20. poled by zr might caufe the more delight, and that the Hebrew Verb rnjitL; VC^hence this Noun is derived is ufed in the (^/) Proverbs, and other Places, N 2 to i8© The Temple Muftck. Chap. 9 to fignify a Wandering with Delight and tleafure, Aild therefore, as it is ufed by Habakkuk in the T Jural Number for the Name of a Time^ we may call it r^rf^^/i^ or Wandering Notes, and fancy it to be a Tune confining of a Divijton^ oi Wandering Notes near the CfoJ^^ as in the Eleventh Example, And as they had thcfe Methods, and Di- f^Sfw in Relation to the Clofes of their Flfr/^^, f o I am inclinable to believe they might have other Words to direft them, how to {mgtht Beginnings of their Tunes in Order to create a greater Variety, and if fo, then this was wholly ioft at the Babylo- nijh Captivity^ tho' fomethiilg of what I have already fpoken hath been ftill re- tained If they had fuch a Variety at the Beginnings of their Verfes^ I fuppofe they were not of Conjiant Ufe^ but only for more fokmn Occa/wns, fuch as the Feaft of the F/ifsover^ Fentecofl ^ or Tabernacles, or fome extraordinary Thank/giving i^md there- fore they might be forgotten, while theo- ther which was more common might be ftili remembred. And therefore (prefum- ing upon the Readers Candor J I fhall on- ly offer my private Opinion in this Particu- lar, with Submiffion to better Judfment, / ^ There €hap. 9. The Tempk MuficL 181. There are ElevenVf ovds at the Beginning* of the Pfalms^ which have not the Word bj; (denoting, as I fuppofe, the Name of th.^ Tune) before them, and were very probably of Ufe in their Mufick^ to fhew fome other Variety, which they had in Ringing. Now ( according to the former Hypothecs ) this Variety could not be at the Ends of the Verfes^ or at the Clofes^ be- caufe they are fuppofed to be determined by another Method. And therefore thefe Parts of the Titles muft have Reference (if to any part of their Miffickyo thcBegimmgs oftheir Ferfes^ or Strai?is, And according- ly, when the Length of their Verfes would admit thereof, the anoils or Chanting Notes (as mentioned J?nos6^$.) were placed after thefe Beginnings, and immedi- ately before the longer Notes did pre- pare for xht RefpeElive Clofes. The Words 1 mention are thefe. Fi^ft, Hallelujah 01: Praifeye the Lord. 2 Lammemtseahy or to the j py^/, chief Muftcian. 3 . Shiggaion. 2 P>/. 4. 4 S^ir, or a S^ong. 5 jWi^s- ^^/^/' |' mor^ or a Pfalm. 6 Mi'Z>mor "^pfaL^. ' Shir, a Pfalm ( ^) Song. d ff/L^o. 7 Shir Mz?nor, a So?ig ( and 7 ffal. 48, ^)P{alm. BMafchil 9 Mic- Iffatit" iB2 Tbe TmpleMufwh Chap, 9, fd % \o heha%€ir^ OX to l\' irJ <-? hrhi^ to remeinbrance. And The Firftof tliefe^ that rfliall take No- tice of^ is rrrhn Halklujak The Word in Bnglipjy ]^ fraij^ je the Lfi'fi, and it is found at the Ends of fey era ! Pjfe/w^ 3 and riierefore might probably t>e fuhg in a different Stram from the tho' in the fame Keyy to fet off the M^ck with the greater Luftre, But whether the Verb^ and the I'Jom followmg it, being joined together in one Word, contrary to the Method of the Hebrew Language in ther Places, may fignify fomethiiig more thanufualin this Word, and may relate to fome particular Methods, obferved in their Mi^fick^ I leave to others to judge. It is very certain, that its Ufe in Singing was entirely forgotten during the Seven- ty Years Captivitj 5 fince after their Return w^e find the jlcce?it Silluk placed at the End of the Hallelujah^ and not before", as if it was a part of the Ferfey and did not require a diftind Manner of Singhig. But b^fides this, the Word Hallehjah is fet at the Beginning of TSine Vfabns. And in each Pfalm^ except one/ with tha. I^mp: Jccent^ and it is iii-' every Place V divided chap. 9. The Temple Mufick. igj |divi Mt^mor, which we ufual- ly tranflate, ^ S^?^^ and a Vfalm^ as P/i/. 485 might on the contrary denote firft a in Muftck^ and then a /^//ifig /^^ii;^ to the fam« found, at the Begin- ning of a Tz^^z^, or after a 'Clofe, as in the Seventeenth Example. Th^ Eighth is h'^yuu Mafchil, VfaL^2, which is commonly interpreted Jn bi-^ Jlm8ing Vfalm. The Word it felf is a Participle in the Cmijugation Hiphil, from, the Verlf ^Dto which in this Conjugation fignifies, to inflruS, to teach, or to inform: and therefore much may be faid to war- rant this Interpretation. But if this is the Meaning of this Title^ it is equally- true of all the Scriptures^ fince every Part thereof was written for our Inftru- dion 5 and it might as properly be fet be- fore all the Pfahis, as before fome Parti- culars 3 and it would be more ftrangc that it was not fet before the Seco7jd Ffalm^ fince the Tenth^ Eleventh, and Twelfth Ver- fes fecm more particularly to refer to it, and the Teri^ )i'^3Vr\ from w^hence this Title derived, i:^ there fet Ferfe 10, in i8a The Temple Mufick Chap. 9. tliefame Conjugation^ and in the Impera-- five Mood. However, the abovementi*. oned Conftrudion of the Ward Mafchil might have remained without M Difpute, if there had not ' ' been [a] a Text which ufeth the Word (as it feems tame) for the Name of a Tune ( like Alamoth and She-' mintth, iChron, 15. 20, 21.) Th^Text I fpeak of, in our Englifi Tranjlation^ is thus^ ^^'mg Vraifes to our God, fmg Vraifes: fag Praifes to our King, fing Praifes. For God is the King of all the Earth: fmg ye Praifes with Under Jlanding* But the Words in Hebrew run thus -y Sing to our God^ fmg : fmg to our King ^ For God is the King of all the Earth: fmg Mafchil. Where wc may farther obferve that the Verb nat {.fmg ye ) is in the Plural Num^ her^ and the ^^3t£?Q {Mafchil) in the Singular y fo that if it is a Participle, then this Participle and Ferh cannot agree, with the Chap. 9. The Temple Mufwh 1 89 the fame Nominative Cafe, And therefore the Word Mafihil cannot refer to the Ferfons performing this Duty of praifvng God^ or their Qualifications^ but rather to the SuhjeB performed, or the Manner thereof. Neither can it be fuppofed to re- fer to the Vraifes fang, or the If^ords them- felves. For this Title ( tho' ufed Twenty Four Times in theFfalms ) is not the Tttl^ of the Pfalm quoted, nor of any near it, left it fliould feem to exhort us to fing one of them. So that ih^ Word Mafchil mutt ra- ther refer to the Manner of their perform- ing this Duty, or to the Mujick it felf, and therefore fuppofing it to be of the fame Nature, with what I have aimed at in treating of the former Infcriptions^ I fliall Venture to imitate the fame in the Eigb- teemh Example. As for the Vi?ith^ which is anDQ Mich- tarn^ Ffal. 1 6, or as fome tranflate it. The Golden Pfalm 5 and as for the Tenth l^sinh* Lebazcir, Vfal 38, or as we tranflate it^^, To bring to remembrance^ I fee no Reafon why they are placed at the Beginning of thcfe Pfalms^ rather than any other, there being not a Pfalm which was not given us by Divine Infpiration^ and eonfequently, equally precious j and there being not a 190 The Tempk MnJicL Ghap. pi Pfalm which is not very profitable to r.efe frefhour Memory, for our better Infor« mation in Things relating either to Know- ledge or Practice : and therefore I fuppore them to be of the fame Nature with the former. And as for the Word n^nislm^^ii^ Jl Tafcith^ in Ffal. 57^ which' may feti thus tranflated, Dejlroy mt^ l fee no^thet Reafon why it ftiould be put at the Be;- ginning of any '?falm^ unlefs ,we take it in the Sence of St. J^ohn^ Rev. 22, 19?. and then it might as well be fet at the JBc- ginning of every Ffabn^ ot rather at^ the End of the Old Te/lament ^likcthQ Jpq/^ks Caveat at the End of the New, But a? w^e find no other Account of thefe Woxd§ throughout the whole Bihle^ and as I; have given feveral Inftances already of my private Thoughts, I fuppofeitneedlefs to iay any more on thefe Particulars. But here it may be asked, For what Reafon there fliould be feveral of thefe In- fcriptions at t\iQ Beginning of the fameVfalm^ And to this, I anfwcr^ That there are no Pfalms which have the Names of two di- iimdi Tmies in the Title Cfuppofmg them to be diftlnguifhed by the Vrepofition^^ ) but fuch only as may relate to the Beginnings of the Times. Now one of thefe may begin iht Firfl Vart of the Verj% and the other Ghap. 9. The Temple Mitfick. 191 may begin the Seconds OifecQndly^ (^ which t rather fancy ) as the Singers ftood op* polite to each other and fang in their Turns^ fo perhaps they might fing in the fame Ijme, but each Side might begin with a differ cTJtFloun fl^to create the greaterr^ri^^;?. For the better Proof of this, there are two re?narkable Titles^ which feem to inti- mate the fame, and therefore cannot be o- mitted, but require a particular Obfervation* . The Fird: is the Title of the Forty Fifth Vfalm^ which contains a very lively Vrn- phecy of Chrifi^ and the^ Majefy and GIvry of his Kingdom^ under the Notion of a King'^ and the Beauty of his Church is de- fcribed like a Qneen in Gold of Ophir: and accordingly the Title of the Vfahn feems to direft []?] that for the more lively Repre- fentation of^ the fame, ^^^^ one bide ot the thotr ample 27 and 2S, of ought to confift of Men, the following Noter who are there called the ^^^^^ of Sons of Korah'^ and the other Side to confift of rri??/7^;?,who are thcr§ alfocall'd nnn^ the Beloved^ either Women or Virgins-^ for the Word is in the Vlural 'Number^ and Fcemi?me Gender-^ and thus the Confort might be divided, like that of Mofes and Miriam^ with their Refpedivc Compames.So that the SingingMen and Boys^ the ips The Temple Mufick. Chap. the Sons of Korah^ on the one fide, itiight fing according to this Infcription, To the Chief Muficidn^ upon Shojhannim^ as we find it imitated in the Nineteenth Example. And this might be anfwercd by the Wd-> men^ from the othef fide, who might fing according to this Infcription, Maficil upon Shojhannim^ to the Firjl Part of each Verfe^ and A Song upon Shojhannim to the Second Fzxt^ as in the Twentieth Example, The other is the Title of the Eighty Eighth Pfalm^ where the Tme feems to be Mahalath 5 ^rid 6ne Part of the Choir to fiiig fome of thefe Additional Notes, and the other fide to fing others of the fame Nature : whilft one fide was dired- ed by Korah as the Precentor ^ and the other by Heman the Ezrahite. Arid this feems to be plainly implied in the He-- brew Word ( r\SV)h ) heannoth^ which fignifieth to anfwer^ only the Acceht Ath^ nak^ is fo placed as not to favour this Expofition. But whether the Mifpldcing of the Accent might not have been an eafy Miftake of the Mafdrites, when the Miiftck was forgotten, I leave to the Reader, to think as he pleafeth. The Tmie is called, either Mahalath^ or Mahalath Leannotk The Sons of Ko- rah might fing a Song and a Pfalm^ according Chap. 9* theTemfle MufrcL ip j atcording to Mahalath^ for the Firft Part qf the Verfe ; and to the chief Mufician accord* ing to Mahalath. for the Second : and was anfwered by the Bzrahite^ and his Company^ with Ma/hal according to, Maha* lath. Let us fuppofe the Tune to be as in the Twenty firfi Example, . And then with the other Additions it will be Probable, That Korah and his Sons^ or Singing Bojs SmgthQ Tune^ csWcd Mahalath y or 7^1^ ha- lath Leannothy with the Addition of that which in our TranHation we call, A Song and a Pfalm perfix'd to the Fir/l Part, and that which we call to the Chief Mufician perfix'd to the Second Part, as in the Twentj Second Example | . And that he was anfwered by Hema^. and his Sons, who Sung every Second Verfe: to the fame Tme^ with the Omiffipn of the Two i^irT? Flouriflies at the beginning of each Strain, and adding of Mafhal inftead thereof, as in the Twenty Third Example, There are but two Words more which I fliall take Notice of, The Fir (I is nbp Selah, a Word of fre- quent Ufe in the End, and once found jn the middle of a Verfe, and generally thought to fiave Reference to the Jewijh Mujtck. The Word is derived from' the- " ^ O Ferh 194 Jhe Temple Mtifuk. Chap.pJ i\trh n'^D ^0 projirate or tread dowf^^ and therefore may probably mean a Repetitien of the aforegoing Strain Vv'ith a Softer Voice^ to introduGe a greater 'variety^ and make the Mufick more GracefoL To this Opinion Klrcher feems to incline, who re- latsng the different Sentiments of others -concerning the Word Selah^ at laft tells m his own Jadgnient in thefe Words : From all which Icoiktiy That the Lifting up of the J'oke.^ and the^ IntermiJJiOH of a certain Si* lence^ is fignifed hy this Word^ which is alfd expreffed inthe Italian Songs hy thefe Words^ Piano, ard Forte. It is aifo exprefled in our E^^giif-? Anthems by a Mark which we call a Repeat, and which fliews that the folfowiog pan to the end of a Strairi^ is to be Repeat ed with a Lower Voice. The other is n^D Higgaicn Selah^ \ ^iid ufed only PfaL 9. 17. The Word Hi4\ g^ion is derived from the Verb n^'n to Me^\ ditate^ and therefore may fignify ifeftf^//^- 1 ticn I And tho' this very Word is not ufed in any other Part of 'the Bible, in this Sence^ yet there are others, which came from the fame Radix, as ^-^jin, p''jn and n''.3n- The Word among the Rallies iignifies Logiek : The Reafon where-- of Chap. 9« The Temple Mufick^ igf of [^] Buxtcrf tells us is, a>^g iJfe- ditationem^ et ufum Ratwnis %erfetur. Accordingly there Lexicon is a Book Written ^by Ralhi Taijiiudicunii- Simeon concerning Lcgk^ the ^1^^^^'''^'^'^' ^ Title whereof is jrrn. The Word Hjggaion is found but once through- but the Bible (except at the end of the be- forementioned Ferfe^ where [^] it refers to Mitftck, and in our Tranflation we call it 92. 4."^ an Harp, The CkaUee calls it Nib^a The ? falter j, in the Greek it is KiS^^^ from whence cometh our Latia ^oxA Cithara and the Syriack^ and Ara- lick exprefs it by a Word, which iri bath Languages, is pisinly . derived frt^m ^the Greek: 5a that all theie Words muftftgnU fy an Harp^ Viol^ Lute^ Cittern^ or GMt^ tar J or fome fuch S fringe J Mufeck ; and ' therefore we may fuppofe a Performance of Inflrumental Mufick at fuch a Time. Now the ChaUee Tranflates thefe Words Hig^ gaion Selah thus, Thejufi /ball Joy fnlly (hoHt together^ and this alfo.^ ftippofeth a Perfor- \' mance of Vacal Fdufick -^ {q that by compa^^^ ring of all thefe pariiculars together, there is room to guefs, That the Jews mieht: repeat this whole Verfe, in the Nature'" of their Selah already defcrib'd, . with their tg6 Tke Temple MuficL Chap. 9<, Stringed Mufick | and that, both before and alter, the Trumpets Sounded their Sound ings^ as ufually at the Temple Service ^ which might give time to the People that they might Meditate thereon. The moft Materia! ObjeQion, which lean find againft thefe Conjeftures (ex- cept, the Novelty of them) is this : Hem (hould It happen that this Mufick fhould he to-' tally forgotten^ and the reft hath heen retain-- ed^ fo that at this time wefcem to imitate the fame. : To this it may be anfwered. Flrjl^ That what hath been retained could not have been forgotten, except the manner of thzix Singing had been wholly loft, and no- thing had remained- Secondly^ That thefe Additions^ at the beginnings of the Verfes might onty ba iiitd on fome Solemn Occafions^ and the other might have been the Conftant Service^ snd by this means the one might be for- gotten, and the other remembred, • Thirdly^ They had no Notes (as we have now) to direft them how to Tune the Voice fo that they had no way tq CGotifiue the fame, but by Ear and Tradi- tion to Pofierity : Both thef^ Methods are very Defedive, and therefore after their Saturn frqm the Captivity^ they could only reco» Chap.pi^ The temple Mujick. ip7 recover that Part thereof, which wa$ moft Plain and Eafie, and moil abfolutely neceffary. Or Laftly^ it might happen that ihofe Other Parts of t\mx Mufick might by. little and little be Forgotten, during that Space of Four Hundred learsj which came be- tween the Finiftiing of the Tewpl? by S(pIo' -mot^^ and the Captwitj. As foon almoft as the Service of God was fetled, it began to be Neglefted, and even in the Days of Beholoam^ the Jews fell away to Idolatry^ and [ c ] huilt them High f laces and Images^ under every Kings high Hillj and under every green 14-23. Tree. This Wickednefs was promoted by feveral Kings, and tolerated by others, infomuch that we find Afa^ He-^ zekiahj and Jofiah^ who ftt themfelves Zealoufly to root out the fame. Some- times the Temple was profaned, and the Service of God abolilhed, and at other times it was reftored again. Nay the So- lemn Feafts were fo neglected, that whea Hezekiah kept the Padover, it is faid, that [ i ] there was great Joy in Je- rufalem ; hecaufe the like had [ ] 2 Chron. not happened fince the time of 3026. Solomon King of Ifrael : And when Jodab kept the fame Veajl^ it was faid, that fpS The Temple MuficK Chap! 9^ that [^] there was ttone other kept Me it^ face the Days of Samuel the [eiaChron, Prophet. And when they 35. « came from the Captivity, and kept the Feaft of Jahemacles^ it is alfo recorded, that fmce [/] the Days of Jofliua the Son of Nun un- (;/3 Neh, til thsit Day find not the ChiU S.I 7- dren of Ilirael do'/ie fo: At^d therefore, when their 2:eai toward God did thus deGlioe, it is pro-^ bable that their M^yfci^ (which could not be retained but by ufe) did decline with it, and thefe particulars thereof might be loft^ Jby little and little, I fiiall therefore for a farther Explica- tion of what! have intended, let down the Beginnings and Endings of thefe Tmes^ according to the Method v^/hiGh liwe pro- pofed I wherein I ■ fesll be abundantly fa-, tisfied, if I have only hinted at z Method; for thofe who are more curious in the Jemifh Antt^uitiesy to make a farther Pro? grefs, or have laid a Scheme^ for the Im- proving of the Chanting Tunes in our Ca- thedrals hy zMmg fuch like Notes^ at the Beginning of a Ferfe^ and after the Middle Clofe^ with other ' Parts accordingly, (Sc. But if I have wholly mift the Markj the fleader may more eafily pardon the fame as Chap. 9^ 7f/e ■ Temple MuJtcL t^^ it is only an Ejlay^ for the Difcovery of that which is, generally, and with great Reafoo thought to be paft finding our. But if I mifiake the Tunes, as f fliall not pretend to Vindicate thefe Notions ; fo I fuppofe fuch Miftakes as thefe cannot be judged, as a Matter of any dangerous Gonfequence. Chanting TuilesJ Example I. Nehikth. 5f Examples.. Muth Lahhem -B- *- 'Wit Example 3. Jjeleth Shahar. Example 4^ Alamothi mipfiiiiiii ^1 ioo The Temple Mujick. Chap 9 Example 5'. Jonath Elem Rehokim. Example 6. Sheminith. Example 7. Shojkannm. Example 8. Skalijhm. i Sam: i8. 6. i 4^ Example 5. Shujhan Eduth. Example ic. Shojhannm Edutk Chap. 9. The Temple Mufickl Example II* Shig^^moth, I Before the Chanting Tunes* Example 12. To the chief Mufcian. Example 13. Shiggaion. Example 14. A Song. ■# Example 15, A Pfalm. P Exam- ^o^ The Temple MuftcL Chap, 9* Example \6. A Pfalm (md Song. Example 17. A Song (and a) Pfalm^ Example 1.8. ^ MajhciL^i , Example 19, Tathe chief Mih upon ■""liiiiiiiii Example 20. Majhcil upon Shofhamim. - ASong. mm Exam-" Chapi 9 . tl^e Temple MuficL a 03 Example ii. Mahakth. Example %%. A So?ig (and a) Pfalm upon Mahalath. To the chief Muficisn. P" Example 23. Mafic il upon MahalatK P ^ 204 The Temple Mufick. Chapi 9. Example 24. To the chief Mufician up- on Mehtloth. Pfal. jr. -0- Example xs". To the chief Mufician up- on Sheminiih. PfaL 6. Example To the chief Mufician up- on Muth Lahhen. PfaL 9. 31 Exam- Chap. 9. The Temple Mi^vh- 2.05 Example xy. To the chief Mufician vl^ on Jjeleth Skah^r. PfaL iz. Example To the chief Mafician up- on Alamoth. Pfal. 46. Ml Example 29. ^ upon Alamoth. TfaL 46. for the other fide. 3*^ =1 Ipp Exam- zo6 The Temple MuficL Chap 9; Example 30. To the chief Muficiah up- on Jonath Elem Rehokm. PfaL ^6. Exarnpic 31. To the chief Mufician xn^* on Shujhan E^uth. PfaL 60. Example ^i. MaJhcUxx^nShuJhan EJutk Exam- Chap. 9^ Ik T^w/^ 207^ Example 33. To the chief Mufician on Shojhaniiini Eduth* Pfal.^o, - i^^ Example 34. To the chief Mujfician upon Shiggionotk. Hah. chap 3. Exam- io8 the Temple Mujick. Chap, 9' Example 36. A Song upon syemmithi ^ Example 37.- A "PfMm u^on Shemmth. Example 38. . A So»g Q^nd a ) Pfalm, upon Shujhan EJuth. Exam- Chap. lo". The Temple Mufick, 209 Example 39. A Song (and %) Pfalm upon Shojhannim Eduth. CHAP. X. ^ j 10a '3'/; That our Englifh Pfalms &c. mil. tear fuchy a Method of Singing i;^ every f articular y ivhich can he fuppofed of the Jews toge- ther ivith the Improvement of fever al Parts. IN the laft Chapter I have fpoken as Par» ticularly as poffibly I eould concerning the Tunes ufed among the Jews^ and have proved thQ Notions^ which I piropofed, with the beft Arguments, that I could think of: iand being fenfible that I was tedious there- iin, fo I ought ta crave the Reader's Par- don for trefpafling fo long upon his Pati« ence. I ownj that nothing of this Nature 2,io Jhe Temple MuficL Chapi oJ can amount to more than a Vrolalk con- jetlure; and therefore I do not expeft, that . every ose will agree in this Opinion. The Circiiniftancies which I have obferved in the Jewtfh Singing do exaftly agree vi^ith om Cathedrals even as to their very Or* ders^ which confided of the [a] 2 Chron. Prkftsj the The Singing Men, and 5. 12. their or Singing Boys: and alfo their Hahit; for they were all arrayed in ivhite Linnen. I alfo fup* pofed that th^^ very much relemble our chanting Tunes. Irideed the beginnings' of their Verfes ( if I have guefed right) are not Imitated by us : But they are at- Imitable in the EngUfh^ as in the Hekem it feifj and capable of farther Ir/tpro^e» wents\ • ■ •'■ They are Imitable by us, if frn eafes of neceffity) v/e Rpeat fome Words in ^ ftort Sentence* or Add two Motes to a SyllaUe^ ox two Syllables to a Note^ or leng- then the chanting Notes^ when accafion re- quires it„ Of this r (hall give an [^J^ WExamp. Example, at the end of this 4®. chapter, in fetting down our Gloria Patri , acording to the Tune^ which I fuppofe would be ment by this Infcription, Shiggaicn upon Ahmoth And Chap. I o^. The Temple Mupck- ii i And a Part of our Te Deum^ according to this [c] Infer iption, H/ljfhcH upon Mabalath. [c] Examp. And, as we may Imitate tlie 4- Jews ( fupofing that this might be their method ) fo are we capable of Improving their Mufick^ by ad- ding three other Parts to their {i] Examp. Trehle^ in order to -make a full 4^- Confort, of which I fliall give an Inftance in the Title to the Sixth Vfalm^ viz. [^J To the chief Mufician ufen Shemi* nith. \ Example 40, Gloria Patri Set to Shiggaion upon Alamoth, ^^Lo ry be to the Father, and to, and t(^the Son : C3- and to the Holy GhoR, and to the Holy, Holy 133 iGhoft, A~-3 it was in the Beginning i-— s now : ind - Tlje Temple Mujtck. Chap- lo. and ever (hall be, World without end, without eiid. Amen, Amen» A-^mcn. Example 41. Mafhcil upon MahalatL We Praife thee, we praife thee, O God, we acknowledge thee to be, to be the Lord, ililiili|iiiirff • A n the Earth doth worlhip thee : lb-— e Father e — ver-lafting, c—verlafting. To Ghap. lo^ the Temple MuficL ii j T — 0 thee all Angels cry a loud : th — e Heav'n, and all the powers, the pow'rs therein. T 0 thee Cherubin, and Se — raphin : con"^ti— nual— ly, co--tinu-al— rly do cry: Heav'ft Th-TJ-e Glorious, Glorious com-pa«r-ny o f the Apoftles, Praife thee, Praife thee Tb— e Goodly, Goodly fel-Iow--fhIp : 0- .f the Prophets Praife thee, Praife thee. The Chap* I c. The Ter/ipk Mufick. a i ^ Th— .e Noble, Noble Ar. — my: * o^^f l^rtyrs, Praife thee, PraHe theejplaTre thee. Example 41. To th^ oSlel Muficiaa i^bj Shemmith. ^ The Treble. The Counter Tenor. The ii6 The Temple MuficL Chap^ lo' Jhe Trebe The Counter Tenor. i Chap. II. ThcTenipk Mitfich 217 C H A P. XL Tloe Gonclufion, containing a Vindicdtion Cathedral Service, and an Exhorta- tion to the Study of the Oriential Lan- guages; WHAT hath been faid may ferve to Vindicate the Cujlom of our Cathe- drals, in retaining the ufual Method of Chanting^ or Singing the Pfalms in Profe^ according to their conftantPradice. There are many in the Nation, who have taken up a Prejudice, againft this Particular. It is certain tiiat thofe who feparate from our Communion do generally diflike it. Nay, there are fonie who join conftantly with us in our Parochial WoYflnp of God ^ and are in other Rcfpeds Lovers of our Con- ftitution, but are not fo well reconciled to our Cathedral Service. My Defign h not to enter into a Difpute concerning all the Cofttroverjies which have rifen up a- mong us, fince they have been often mana- ged by more able Pens. But fas far as I can perceive ) there is little Reafon, for any one, who is delighted with Mujlck, or Skilled in Jntiquity to ohjcd: againft our CW- thedral Worfbip. The Moderation of the R ChurA. 2 1 8 The Tempk Mtfwh Chap. 1 1 . Church cf England is abundantly evident, as in ail other Refpefts, fo efpecially in this, (d) that fuch Perfons who think they cannot hmtfithj^tCathidrdl Service^ are not obliged to be there^ id) J)n Pullers and a Ifo Care is taken, mderation of ihj that they may conftant- efpecially Pag. 257. f "Vt'' irartjn Churches^ it they think it is to their better Advantage., We are not obliged f like "the Jews)to go three Times in the Year to the Temple at Jerufa- km. In this Cafe all have their Liberty^ and therefore all may be fatisfied. Iffoine are not edified thereby 5 yet fince others^ who underftand it better^ fay that they are edified, this alone may jiiftify there« taining thereof for their fakes. St. Pml (b) tells of fome, whom htfeJ with Milk. and not VJtth Jimig Meat^ be- iear iu But no one who compares this Text with (c) another up- ^n the fame SubjeB, can imagine that what , ^ he calls firo?ig Meat fliould be 12 15 if ^^^^ ' ' bythofe, who could receive Benefit thereby, ThtQuakers fay^ Ther^ is no Benefit by Water baptifm, or eating of Bread and Wim in the JLords Supper^ 13ut Ghap* 1 1 . Tl^e Temple Miiftch 2 1 9 But we cannot conclude from thence that thefe Ordinances are to be blamed. Con- fidering therefore what hath been faid, I cannot find any ilf^to7^/ ObjeBzan againft our Cathedral Service. The Forms weufe are eitherfelcdedoutofthe Holy Scripture^ or fuchaswereufedin the TrinmveCbtircl\ in the Variety of which we are entertained^ and delighted. Out Church Dr. Pi filer faith) doth wish the Apoftle chiefly endea- vour to promote the Gr^ce and Devotion of the Hearty which is mojl worthy to infpjre our tratfe : The fincere ElevaC7o?i of the Spirit is the Life of all mr Pfilmody^ even that half which makes the whole ^ with-- atst winch the Tongues of Men and A?igeh (^as withoutChartty) are /il^^ SoundingBrafs, or a Tinkling Cymbal, Where this Grace of the fleart is united with the Melody of the Voice 3 we may entertai7v our felves with that yo-^in God^ which is the mo ft refined fort of Delight we can enjoy. JVe join with tJo^ Church Militant on Earthy and the Church Trimiphant in Heaven : We make the bejl Vfe of that Gift of Speech^ which we have given its^ to irUerpret oitr Thoughts by Ar- tieulate Voice ^ and flir up- our own^ a'tui 0-^ thers AffeBio7is^ to fet forth the High Praifes^' of the mojl Excellent God^ whom it becomes 24S to ferve., not only with our^ tiature^ but alfa mth gnrSkilL R 2 Miftck^. 220 Tefkple MiificK Chap, ii Miifick^ indeed hath been formerly a- bufed, and is in this Age debafed far below the Dignity of its Natnre. It hath been an hjimment, whereby th^ Devil hath acted in a fure, and infenfible manner to Debauch and Filiate the Difpofitions^ and Natures offuchas Ufe it, by Vain, Obfcene, and Im^hxxs Songs. This fliews by fad Expe- rience the Efficacy thereof to work on the AffeSions^ and if the Devil is not wanting to dktfe it for Gods Difionour^ why fliould we be wanting to it for his Gloty } Now that, in this Cafe, all juft Occafion of Offence may betaken away. Our Church hath been very careful to appoint, Firjl ^ That nothing be fung^ but what is taken out of the Scriptures^ or the Uturgy of the Aiitient Churches, Secondly^ That all be fung in the Common ha^iguage^ Thirdly^ That the Mujick only governs and mode- rates the Song^ and increafeth the Melody^ And Laftl}\ That our Mufick and Singing is fuch as SuAuguftine commended ajt Alex- dndria^ defigned wholly for con* fiflent with Gravity ^ and Chrijlian Simplici^ ty^ anfwering the Defigns of Religion^ and framed not only for delighting the Ear^ but rif-ff^i^igthe Hearty md rai/ingth^ Devoti-, o^--. therefore fome objecl: againfl: it^, ^ei ^ ■ ! } ran tell the Beiiefit^ which others receive. €hap- 1 The Temple Mufah aii receive by it? or be fenfible how far that may be. true of Divine Mufick^ which Mr. Herbert faid of Divme ioetry ^ viz. A Tune may catch him who a Sermon flies^ And turn Delight into a Sacrifice^ What tt^lObjeSionczxi be therefore urged againft this our Service ^ Is Sinking of Pfams unlawful in it felf^ I fee no Reafon\, why Men may not rejed Vocal Prayer^ as well 2LS Focal M^ifck y and kno v }xt an Argument againft the One^ but is as eon- dufive againft the Or^ewn^ Jiihilate^ &c. to the fame Length of Time which the Com- pofers at firft intended. /j^ my Man offended at the Organs Let him confider the feveral Sorts of Infim- ment^ in Ufe among the Jews^ and how often we are commanded to praife God ap-^ on them, particularly in the Pfalms^ and he may have as much Canfe to: fcruple why he doth negkft to do according as; God doth there require at our Hand ? If there are any who are angry at us, becaufe they think wc make Additions to the Wfird of Gad '^ Why are they not as angry at themfelves^ becaufethey ^immijh from it } Confcience fhouid be Ufiifirm^ and have equal flefped to all God's Commands 3 and [wQthe fame Text of Scripture which forbids one of thefe Crmes^ doth alfo for^ bid the. other. There M Pe^#, 4. 2. and ig no. one who thinks Wl'^«i4. 2. Inpumental Mtffickto be ablolutely neceiTary in the Worpnp of God ^ but I think it [^Ine- cellary Chap. 1 1- The Temple Mnfwh 2 2 9 celTary that the ApofiQs Rule fliould be ob'- ferved in this, as well as in other Cafes. Let not him that hath it Jefpife him thdt hath it not 5 and let not him that hath it n'ot^ l9]SttUuNtmt\ judge him that hath t fS/^^S^'Sj But this Particular hath vfi of Orgsns m the been fo fully vindica- ChrijUim cbureh-, ted To] of late, that it And alfo a Vmdic^. isneedlefstoinfift any TJiTlt:\nl^l longer upon it.. A Treatifi conctm' ing the Lawfulnefi h^rKmnt$l Mufic)^ in Holy Offices^ There are others who are offended he- €aufe our Mufick is too much like the Pra- 8ice of the Chmch of Rome. But if the Church of Rome had never corrupted any of htr DoBrines^ or Difcipline^ more than her Manner of Singings we had not been forced to dilfent from her. We retain ir^, not becaufe it was her Pradice, but becaufc it was thcPraftice of the Purer Churches^ in the Primitive Times. If it had been a- bufed by her, yet we have not any Ground from thence to'rejeft the lawful Ufe there- of^ for if every thing muft be Aiolijhed^ which hath been Abufed^ we muft then lay afide the Word of God^ and the Vfe of th€ Sairamertts. It is the Property of God 2 50 The Temple Mttfick Chap. 1 1 , to bring Good ont of Evil ^ aiid tho^ tbc Church of Rome is, without Difpiite, the moft corrupt Church in the World 3 yet God has beenpleafedto make Ufeof her to preferve this Method of finging Praifes to his Name-, which otherwife would undeni- ably have been loft* When our Ble^id Saviour came to gather a Ci?^^rc^ unto him- felf, he complied with all xhtCufloms ^viA Ceremonies of the Jews^ which were not unlawful^ and hath given a pofitive Cora» mand for fome of them to be obferved in a moft folemn Manner, unto the End of the World. The Blejjing of the Bread, Takings Eatings Breakings and Dtflnhu- ting thereof, together with the Cup, is re- tained in every Particular, as it was ufed by thtjeim^ efpeeiaUy at the ¥aJjfover^ and the Manner of Baptising dilfcrs very little from the Cuftom under the Law : So that Chriji inftituted no new Kues in the Sacraments, but only retained the old (e- ven fuch as were begun by }$umm Authori- ty ) and adapted them to a more Noble End and Defign. Both he himfelf, and Ae Great Apoftle of the Gentiles aftet* him^ were made all thhigs to all men, that thej might gain fome I and therefore in our Re- formation^ we trod in thf Steps of our Blef < fed Chap. ii« Th.e Temple Mttfich pd Savwiir, who, as in other PartlculaTs^ fo when he gathered his Qhunh from a- mong the 5^^-rt»^, did give its an Example^ that we jhould do^ as he hath done. However, Let usfuppofe that the Miifick of the CMhedrals was grofly corrupted by the Chuuh of Rom€ 5 yet this cannot prove that it ought to be Abolijhed. When Mufick was firft invented (^p) by the Family of Cam^ we need not doubt^ but it was Aki- /^J by that Race of Men, the imaginatiom of whofe hearts were only evH coiitimiallj 5 fcut if God had defigned for diisR^/^y^n,that the Ufe there- ^ ^ of fliould be Aboliped^^ I fup- pofe he had never recordedthe { q) j^^^ OrigimI ihcicof^ in the Holj 2i«i2.&c« Sn'iptwe. Mufick was Cor- ruptedimh^T'\mQ(q)oiJob^ when they who defired not the Knowledge of Qod^ did take the Timbrel and Harpj and rejcy^e at the found afthe Organ 5 and yet Job who feared God and ef chewed Evil^ and conjlanth held faji his Integrity, did f rjmake a good Ufe of the very fame Injiru- ments. Mufick was Corrupted ^ I by the Egyptians when they ^ " ^ ' were wont to fet forth thereby the Praifes of their FaJfe Gods j and yet Mofes raade no 2^2 The Temple Mufich Chap, it^ iio Scruple to ufe it for the Honour of the Trite God: Neither do we ever find that he was bkmed for it; Nay, when God was inore particularly cautious, in the Time tffMofiSy and forbade the Ifraelhesto retain the Cujloms of other Nations, becaufethey were abufed , tho' thefe Cttftoms were in themfeives lawful before the Prohtbitwn j when he forbade every thing which might have a Tendency to Idolatry^ and com- manded thofe Ciiftoms which v/ere farDif» ferent : yet h^g leaves the fame Miethod in Mufick^ to be pt-aftifed in future Ages, as it was pradifed in the time ofMofes^ and gives not the leaft Command for any Al- ter at mi, Miifick was Corrupted mDavids Time^ when(y) the dnmkards made fongs upon hm ^ and yet he, who 69 12 W2iS2iManafterGod's own hearty and a Pattern for all his Sue- ce/Tors, was the moft Induftrious to regu- late the Service^ to place the Smgers in thtirOrder^ and compofe P/^/;;?x for their Ufe. And therefore tho^ Mufick might be Corrupted hy the Church of Rome^mitho' it is notorioufly Jbufed hy the Stage^ and by being fet to Trofme^ mi Wanton Songs - yet it fliould make us more zealous to Preform thefe Jhfes, and improve our Chap. II. Th TejHpk MnJlcK 235 Gur Skill, for the Praife and Glory of God ahne. There are fome who highly approve of what om firfiReformersdid^Rnd are fatisiied ' with their Reafoiu in retaining fo many JJ/f of a Short, a«d Ei- ther Reafons, he gives ^^^^od with the this Th.t here the, gj^To'lLl^t may J ee an Itpilcopacy, Pag. 3^8, Preibiters, Deacons mfwerable to their High-Priefts, Prieft^^^ and Levites 3 and the Scgullah of the Tem- ple perpetuated and continued in the Church. In which^ as in the Temple, and now in the Synagogues, the Publick Service md Worfliip of God is celebrated in the Vulgar Language of theNarion^ with the Solemnity and Gravity of a well compofed and digejled Liturgy. If this fliould be true of the Jews (which God grant) wc have the fame Reafon to hope that our complying fo long with the Church of Rome^ as far as we could with a goodCon- fcience, may be of wonderful Ufc to bring over her prefent Votaries to our Ccmmu-^ nion^ when the Fall of Babylon (hall hap- pen 5 and confequently, that our retain- ing fuch Rites^ may be the Method to turn fo many Thoufand Souls from Darknefe to lights and from the ■ Rower of $a^ tan tQ the Kingdom of the Bon of God^ S 2 when 2^6 The Temple MttficL Chap, ii when the Time fliall happen which he hath foreordained 5 which he , hath in his Word fo plainly revealed ^ and which we have Reafon to look upon, as fo nigh at Hand. : There are fome v/ho take an Occafion to exprefs their Difl ike of our Method in Singing the' Cathedrals^ becaufe refemMes the PraBice of 'the }t\v% in the Time of the Old Laiv^^ and therefore they think it niuft be abolilhed 'at the Coming of Chrtff. This. Argument :hath been fufficientiy confuted by Mr. Dodwell^ as it relates to Inflrimental Mufick 5 and his Reafons are as ftrong in Relation to Vo- ^caL St. F aid exhorts the. Ephefia?)s (x). to/peak to tkemfelves in pfalms^ and hym?u^ md fpirimal fings^ figging arid making fnehdy in their hearts unto the {x) Ephef Ijjfd: And he exhorts the 5- JP* Coloffians^ that (f) the word ( >) Cd! Cbrift 7night dwell in them -t, 16, richly.^ in all isifdomy teach- ing and admnifiing^ one another in pfalms^ and hymns ^ and [piritual fongSy fingrng with grace tn their hearts unto the Lordx And St. James commands us ( ;^ )' T^,^._ that If any inan' is merry ^ he r " ^ ^h^yihi pfalm. ^SK Paid Chap. I r . The Temple MitficL 2^7 mi Silas (a) fang praifes to God ^ m the Stocks ^ and it was the con- Bznt Cuftom in the Prmi- {a)AUs tive Church, th^t (I?) when 2^* 25^ they came together^ every one ^ had a ?falm. This without 14. 26. doubt, they fang according to the Dircdion of the Jpoftles, and ac- cording to the Pradicevin Singing ufed a- mong the Jews-^ unlefs we will fuppofe that they inventtd a. New Method-^ which^ I think, will be very hard to prove: fo that their retaining this Duty, and giving no Diredions for any Alteration, isa fuf- ficient Evidence that they kept the fame Method which was ufed by their Ance- ftors. When the exhorted us to fng Vfahns^ they would certainly have forewarned us at the farne Tim e of the Manner of their Singings if it had been- Unlawful : but fince m this, they made no^ Alteration from the Jem, we have no Reafon to make Alterations from theme It muft begranted, that where any Cere- mony, or Cuftohi, was a Type of the Com- ing of C/^/v/?" into the World, of • his Deaths and ferved to build up tte ^^i^^j' iii tii^Fahh of the prbmired M^^/? then to come, that Cuftom was afterward tQ Ceafc r S ^ hr^i 238 Voe Temple Muftch Chap; it but the Temple Mufick was not inftitated upon any luch Defign. It was onli^ a more folemn Sacrifice of ?ratfe and Thank/giving : And as they thought them- felves obliged to offer the fame to God under the Law ^ fo wc have much mor^ Reafon to continue the fame under the Gofpel. If they praifed God for the Vromifes of the Mejfiah^ we ought to praifehim, who have fecn the Ferformance of the fame. Befides it is a general Rule, that all Types muft continue, until the Antitype is come» Now the Singing un- der the Law was a Type^ not of the Gof- fel^ but of the Saints in Heaven 5 and ac- cordingly St, John (c) al- 35. i ' ^^^^^ ^^^^^ where he tells us, that they fang the Song of Mofes, the Servant ofGod^ and of the Lamb, And therefore, asthe Obfervation of one Bay in feven is to continue until we celebrate the eternal Sabbath 5 fo the Obli- gation to praife God is the fame, until we ling Hallehyalos to him in the Choir of faints and Angels • and if fo. Why may we not do it m the fame Manner, which the ApoBle plainly intimates is a Type thereof /^/, and their Study ferves only to confinn them in their Errors. Whil'ft fuch blamed the Church of Rome^ they are guilty of the fame, or a Worfe Crime. They do not lock up the Scriptures in ^n unkown Tongue from the People^ but keep them lock'd up from fhemfelves, who arc to teach the People: They pin their Faith (fas we call it) on the Sleeves of their fuppofed Guides^^ and too often fuck in the Errors of a Tranjlator^ whiFfl: they think them to be^ the Words of Scripture. To Inftanceat large in one Particular. There are many who have been fo far unified in the Notion of Repentance^ as to think that it confifts in a continual Sor- row for all Sins, and that this muft be renewed as often as we are guilty of an j, and ^nfequwtly every Day. This No- ?244 ^'^^^ Temple Mtifick, Chap. 1 1 t ion hath brought many a true Chrifiian mto the Borders of Defpair., md caufed many others to take up a Prejudice againft a Religious Life^ as if they muft be con- tinually hanging doim their Heads like a Bnlrujh. Thus the Gofpel which, was defigned to be ifjoLyyixm^ a Declaration €)f good Things^ and the Ty dings of great Joj^ which fimild be to all People^ is he- come the means of increafing their 5ot^w> The Nature of Repentance- f according to the Greeks Hebrew^ &cc.) confifts only in a fincere Refohitmi to Sin no niore^ and turn mito God^ and in fuch a Cafe, we may without any farther Sorrow, apply to our felves the SatisfaBion of Chrifi^ for the Pardon of all paltSins, tho' everfo manVj, ©r eve|- fo great. But if it confifted in fuch a S^? it is very ftrangethat ^ Efau fotmd ?w place for this . ,1 ,37. p^^ii^ ^^^-^j^ j^^^,^ ^ and that St. (hj AUs Peter (h) exhorted the^^n^^r^ -•37* 3^« to repefit ^ who were pricked (t) 2 Con at the Hearty and according 7« to this Notion did then ?raclire this fame Duty : And that St. W exhorteth the Church of Corinth (/J to take Care of the Jnceftmiis Perfoit^ (who could Chap. I i . Th^ Temple Mujkk 245 could not repent too much for fogrofs a Crime ) lejl he flmdd hefwaJlvzved up with o- vermiich Sorroiv. We have no reafon to doubt^but ( k)Zacchei{s^who cnme from the Tree, and r^eceived our Savi- our ioy fully, did repent (^)/^* truly as St. ?eter Q) who ^^'5,^^ went out, mid wept bitterly. (I) Ln\. That Turning from S/w which ^ is occafioned by the Appre- henfton of God's Mercy xq fuch a5 lay hold on the Fromifes of the Gofpel, will be as eifedual to Salvation, as that which is occafioned by the deepeft Senfe of our Sins, and Sorroiv for the faaie, and no more Sorrow is required, than what is ab- folutely neceflar y for this purpofe. How- ever, this Mijlake hath been occafioned by Difcourfing of Repentance according to the utmoii Rigour oftht JFord in our Englijfj jB?^/^, without having a due gard to the Meaning thereof in the Ori- ginal, or comparhig the fame with tiic moft Early , and Oriental 'TranflatiouK The Verl> ju^ictvosw^ which we Tranilate to Repent, and the ISoun jMrnv^icc Repemancc^ as it is derived from jur^Tsi and vU Sig-' nifies no more than a Cha7i£em the Mind, ^nd may therefore be more fitly rendred -in •^4^ The Temple Muftch Chap* i r, in Latin hy Refpifcentia^ thm Pmitentia . V e is (fn) often ufed (m) I Sm. 15.29. .1^^ c >.4.28. Kil by Septuagtm, % io. Jotl 2. 13, when they fpeak of 14. 7, 3, (5. God, in whom is no f zU' T'^"'' ^'^''''^ ^^^^ WProv. % 15, r«) when they fpeak and 24, 52. of Prudent^ rather than rO ^*fnU><\n Paffionate Aaions. The r;>) na^n ^^^^ Syn^^j^, and (p) Arabkk, whereby the Grace of Repentance is exprelfed, fignifies only a Returning from a G^wr/^ Sm, to a Life ofHolinefs, and the Verb ixom which thcfe Zn^^^z^/zj" are derived, comes from the Hebrew Verb ZTm ^0 Return^ with the Change only of the Letter m into n than which nothing is more common in thofc Languages^ and for which there is a Rule in the Beginning of the Chaldee Grammar, Nay, this Word in Arabick is placed i2 Car. 7.9. as of a very different Nature from another, which fignifies Sorrow in the fame Text. The Word Repentance in Chaldee is mamn which is frequent in the Paraphrap^ and fignifies only a Re- turnings and is derived from the Hebrew Word maiu;n of the fame Signification ^ and is ufed i Sm^ 7^ I7* His Return i?'^^ Cftap* 1 1. The Ten fie Mufick 247 to Ramah, fm' there was his Hmfe. And therefore th^ Calls to Repentance^ which we find in the Gofpel^ imply no other than what we find in the Prophet {q) Let the wicked turn from his way and live, Tifrn ye^ turn ye from W l^z£\ joitr evil ways^ for why will ye die^ 0 hon^e of Ifraeh So that the Ri- gid 'Nation of Sor^'ow in Turning to God, is not to be found in the Greek Tefta- ment^ neither in the Oriental Tranflations^ but took its Rife from the Vulgar Latin ^ where the Word Pcenitentia being placed, %vhich we call Repentance, was the Fit^ Foundation on which the Church of Rom^ built their Doftrine of Femmue. In ftiort, this Rigid Notion of ?iorrow favours more of the Terronrs of the Law^ than the Fro^ mifes of the Gofpeh^ it adds Grief to him who is Heavy Laden inftead of making Chrifi's Toak eafy^ and his Burden light ^ it adds thereto : and if the Body is eafed by the Removal of fome Rites ^ yet the S^w/ would be opprtffed by a fcverer Difci- pli7ie. But this is not the only Error occafion- €d by the KegleEi of the Original^ and Ori- mtal Languages, Had i 248 The Teinple Mufich Chap, rfv Had the Words of (r) S>olo7non been ^ rightly underftood in the W Vfov, Primitive Church, the Ariam had never increafed fo faft a- mong them 5 but whirfl: they referred themielves to thtSeptnagint^xx&t'^di of con- fulting the Kebrew^ and whirft by Mi flake of the Scribe the Word Ijcn?? hath created^ was mferted inftead of the Word . I^ctwjh hathpojfejjed:^ it was no Wonder that the Jrians. prevailed in denying the EtemalGe- neration of th^Son of God, until St. Hie- rome from the Hebrew difcovered the Mi- ftake. Had the Romanifts underftood the Ori- ginal Scriptures, they had not been fo De- ceived themfclves, nor Deceived others 5 but wliirft f as [^3^he Great Champion their Caufe ingenioufly confelleth) many Councils were held in which there were few or none, inMhrmine Vi were Ikilled in Verlpff Det. Book 2 « rr 7 . ■ , Chap/ 10. Arg, 4. ^ ¥f^^'T' z^'; hmct kd the Bimd, and fo they all fell into the Ditch together. Who can choofe but blurxi, at their Ig?io- ranee, when fome of the Chief among them ihall derive the Word Cephas from the Greek ^g^aA^, and take an Argument from ' Chapl 1 1 . The Te?u0e Mnjlch 2 49 fromtfe'ence. to prpve Sr. Paer to. be the &ad of the C/w^;^ : and another rtiall en- deavour fo prove the Doftrine of S^fper&f'o- ]gat2on^ ihecmfe he thinks the (rj) Words the pLilgar Latm^Tranjlatwi^ 10^^ may'be wrefted to fach a Gidl chap. 1 1 . The Tempf^ Mijich Did all our Jbiabfptifis confider feri-^ ouHy the Meaning of the Word C ^ ) fijjT^Wif, and compare it with, the Common iz)Mauh. z%^ i^. Cuflom , among the ^cc We London Cajis V J • S -n- oil this Subjca, or Jews, of adimtUiigDi- Ughtfoou Vol i- ft'iples^ and tvtn Infants fag. 2op^ and 525, by Baptifm 3 either this Controverfy would be at an EnJ^ or they would think them- felves much more obliged to (hew us the Text where it is forbidden, than we are obliged to ftiew them the Te:^ where it is CornmmJed, If every one who fcruples to partake of the Lord's Supper, hii (a^ he Ihould Eat and Drink Dannmion to limfvlf, did know th^ DifFerence m Greek, between xe/o-is and ^^yte^oii, and what a Strefs St. Void Ab) ^ lays thereon, when he faith, ^^''^ |t€<5^, there would but few abfent themfelves upon this Account, from fo foiemn and fo necelTary an Ordi- nance. If therefore every one who tecuhetl^i the Word of God to others, did endea- voLli' ferioullv to underttand the Original ~ JLangiuices ^52 The Temple Ml/ick. Cba^.. 1 1 Langmges oi tht Scriptures, and be , let- ter acquainted therewith, the S^W(;(?,there-«^ of "would be clear and evident 5 tfiey would be the better ^ capable ta fatisfy th Scmpjes of MifguideJ, but well Meanmg Perfons Controverfies ( efpecially thofe which are occafioned hy Trafijlamns) would then in ^ great Meahare ;be;at an End or at leaft diverted by ,mofe,uie- ful htidies^ ^nd the Jews ( thofe bitter Enemies of Chrifti^ ) would not be io bufy to undermixie the Tmgpks of -oiir . : Religion., and to furnifh. the Sochuans with A}\ giments againfl: the .Di« vinhy both of the S^??, and of the Holy Ghoji : Nay others might lee, that a Phirality of Per- fons in the Dekj is more clearly expreffed in the Hebrew^ than in nj Tranfiatipn^ and the [^73 Principal .Text which they urge a- gaifift the Trinity doth plead (irpngly for it. . In fuch a Cafe they ■■',WQi]ld not be fo'free to TfJ. 50.. I. compared with Job. ^ {!] Vmt, 6y .4. ■ ^T\% vi^liich, if .W(5 ■ • 0b6rve the" Accehis^ ' may be thu-^ Trai> J] a tec, /: Chap. II. The Temple Miifich 253 Difpute with thofe whom' they Converfe with, as now they generally are 5 but they would as ftudipufly conceal their Argu- ments^ as they have endeavoured to con- ceal their Books: and accordingly, a lat€ Learned ( for Stories, r^ad great Th^g«, p.48. i?* fi remain^ §7, U ale. f, pAh)ulmm^ p. ^to/K^jr^^^^i* liei p. 9X» i8r r.conlifts. ^. 15^ I. zd. aele'm p »19> I, r.for. p. 1(^1, 1. tr,r,it. p. 172,1. 25, r. upon. p. i7?;>^-^^ y. the Ark. p. lyjr,!, t^,/. this i'. hh. ^. i7$>,I. 2,/.of r.as. p. til, 1. of thcr. of Ib^craL p. t $ai«l 22, r.Mtf- £kU, l and i^, r. prcfix'd. 1. 1 1 and 19^, r, feng. 1. 1 1. iHie^4- r. JWii^4- p. 1^4, 1. 2^, r. jViH ip. 19$, I i* ^* cirea^ !.^andMar€iDU4,n ]VJi*1 l.§,r. Logtck. 1. f, I. 19, 5^^^ P- 19^ 1 .10. f; tf)d n fiMGCi p. r^7 J' f*/**^ we r. only. p. 198. 1.8,/. find r, had» p. 264, 1 2. r. Mifath p. tio, 1. 10. f. Habit* 1.14. r.gttefsM. 1. 20, r. repeat. I. 25. Occafimi. I. 29«^« mcaai. p. air, I. i,y« according, p. I« iilr. r.rwctf of Sabaoth. p. 21 4 1, i, r. The Treble, p. 221. L Pfalms. p. 222, J. ^7, r. imbib*d. p; 143, 1.2./. Pharifecs SaddteCf cs* Date Due .0Ef DEC 6 JAN J 3j OCT 1 £ DEC 1 HIM 9 7 Demco 293-5